[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":163878},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained":3,"nav-reference":2070},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":2063,"extension":2064,"meta":2065,"navigation":111,"path":2066,"seo":2067,"stem":2068,"__hash__":2069},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained.md","Python sorted() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":2021},"minimark",[9,19,25,35,40,145,150,157,175,178,182,221,226,249,252,268,272,275,351,354,402,405,417,426,430,435,439,479,481,503,507,570,572,615,619,660,662,682,686,721,723,785,789,795,876,878,911,918,924,989,991,1028,1031,1113,1115,1176,1183,1189,1192,1195,1280,1282,1323,1329,1332,1414,1416,1449,1462,1470,1473,1485,1488,1500,1505,1513,1524,1528,1533,1537,1543,1587,1590,1597,1600,1603,1652,1658,1662,1665,1714,1716,1737,1740,1744,1774,1777,1903,1910,1914,1921,1924,1931,1934,1944,1949,1957,1960,1969,1972,1976,2017],[10,11,13,14,18],"h1",{"id":12},"python-sorted-function-explained","Python ",[15,16,17],"code",{},"sorted()"," Function Explained",[20,21,22,24],"p",{},[15,23,17],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns a new list in sorted order.",[20,26,27,28,31,32,34],{},"It is useful when you want to sort values without changing the original data. Unlike ",[15,29,30],{},"list.sort()",", ",[15,33,17],{}," also works with many iterable types, not just lists.",[36,37,39],"h2",{"id":38},"quick-answer","Quick answer",[41,42,47],"pre",{"className":43,"code":44,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"language-python shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter github-light github-dark","numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers)     # [3, 1, 2]\n","python","",[15,48,49,84,106,113,131],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,51,54,58,62,66,70,73,76,78,81],"span",{"class":52,"line":53},"line",1,[50,55,57],{"class":56},"su5hD","numbers ",[50,59,61],{"class":60},"smGrS","=",[50,63,65],{"class":64},"sP7_E"," [",[50,67,69],{"class":68},"srdBf","3",[50,71,72],{"class":64},",",[50,74,75],{"class":68}," 1",[50,77,72],{"class":64},[50,79,80],{"class":68}," 2",[50,82,83],{"class":64},"]\n",[50,85,87,90,92,96,99,103],{"class":52,"line":86},2,[50,88,89],{"class":56},"result ",[50,91,61],{"class":60},[50,93,95],{"class":94},"sptTA"," sorted",[50,97,98],{"class":64},"(",[50,100,102],{"class":101},"slqww","numbers",[50,104,105],{"class":64},")\n",[50,107,109],{"class":52,"line":108},3,[50,110,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},true,"\n",[50,114,116,119,121,124,127],{"class":52,"line":115},4,[50,117,118],{"class":94},"print",[50,120,98],{"class":64},[50,122,123],{"class":101},"result",[50,125,126],{"class":64},")",[50,128,130],{"class":129},"sutJx","      # [1, 2, 3]\n",[50,132,134,136,138,140,142],{"class":52,"line":133},5,[50,135,118],{"class":94},[50,137,98],{"class":64},[50,139,102],{"class":101},[50,141,126],{"class":64},[50,143,144],{"class":129},"     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[20,146,147,149],{},[15,148,17],{}," returns a new sorted list and does not change the original object.",[36,151,153,154,156],{"id":152},"what-sorted-does","What ",[15,155,17],{}," does",[158,159,160,166,169,172],"ul",{},[161,162,163,165],"li",{},[15,164,17],{}," is a built-in Python function.",[161,167,168],{},"It returns a new list in sorted order.",[161,170,171],{},"It works with many iterable objects, not just lists.",[161,173,174],{},"It does not modify the original data.",[20,176,177],{},"This means you can use it with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterable values.",[36,179,181],{"id":180},"basic-syntax","Basic syntax",[41,183,185],{"className":43,"code":184,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"sorted(iterable, key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,186,187],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,188,189,192,194,197,199,203,205,209,211,214,216,219],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,190,191],{"class":94},"sorted",[50,193,98],{"class":64},[50,195,196],{"class":101},"iterable",[50,198,72],{"class":64},[50,200,202],{"class":201},"s99_P"," key",[50,204,61],{"class":60},[50,206,208],{"class":207},"s39Yj","None",[50,210,72],{"class":64},[50,212,213],{"class":201}," reverse",[50,215,61],{"class":60},[50,217,218],{"class":207},"False",[50,220,105],{"class":64},[222,223,225],"h3",{"id":224},"parameters","Parameters",[158,227,228,233,239],{},[161,229,230,232],{},[15,231,196],{},": the values to sort",[161,234,235,238],{},[15,236,237],{},"key",": an optional function that decides how items are compared",[161,240,241,244,245,248],{},[15,242,243],{},"reverse",": set to ",[15,246,247],{},"True"," to sort in descending order",[20,250,251],{},"In many cases, you only need:",[41,253,255],{"className":43,"code":254,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"sorted(my_values)\n",[15,256,257],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,258,259,261,263,266],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,260,191],{"class":94},[50,262,98],{"class":64},[50,264,265],{"class":101},"my_values",[50,267,105],{"class":64},[36,269,271],{"id":270},"simple-example","Simple example",[20,273,274],{},"Here is a basic example with numbers:",[41,276,278],{"className":43,"code":277,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [5, 2, 8, 1]\n\nsorted_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(sorted_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,279,280,306,310,325,329,340],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,281,282,284,286,288,291,293,295,297,300,302,304],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,283,57],{"class":56},[50,285,61],{"class":60},[50,287,65],{"class":64},[50,289,290],{"class":68},"5",[50,292,72],{"class":64},[50,294,80],{"class":68},[50,296,72],{"class":64},[50,298,299],{"class":68}," 8",[50,301,72],{"class":64},[50,303,75],{"class":68},[50,305,83],{"class":64},[50,307,308],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,309,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,311,312,315,317,319,321,323],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,313,314],{"class":56},"sorted_numbers ",[50,316,61],{"class":60},[50,318,95],{"class":94},[50,320,98],{"class":64},[50,322,102],{"class":101},[50,324,105],{"class":64},[50,326,327],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,328,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,330,331,333,335,338],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,332,118],{"class":94},[50,334,98],{"class":64},[50,336,337],{"class":101},"sorted_numbers",[50,339,105],{"class":64},[50,341,343,345,347,349],{"class":52,"line":342},6,[50,344,118],{"class":94},[50,346,98],{"class":64},[50,348,102],{"class":101},[50,350,105],{"class":64},[20,352,353],{},"Output:",[41,355,357],{"className":43,"code":356,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[1, 2, 5, 8]\n[5, 2, 8, 1]\n",[15,358,359,382],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,360,361,364,367,369,371,373,376,378,380],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,362,363],{"class":64},"[",[50,365,366],{"class":68},"1",[50,368,72],{"class":64},[50,370,80],{"class":68},[50,372,72],{"class":64},[50,374,375],{"class":68}," 5",[50,377,72],{"class":64},[50,379,299],{"class":68},[50,381,83],{"class":64},[50,383,384,386,388,390,392,394,396,398,400],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,385,363],{"class":64},[50,387,290],{"class":68},[50,389,72],{"class":64},[50,391,80],{"class":68},[50,393,72],{"class":64},[50,395,299],{"class":68},[50,397,72],{"class":64},[50,399,75],{"class":68},[50,401,83],{"class":64},[20,403,404],{},"Notice the difference:",[158,406,407,412],{},[161,408,409,411],{},[15,410,337],{}," is a new sorted list",[161,413,414,416],{},[15,415,102],{}," stays unchanged",[20,418,419,420,425],{},"If you want to sort a list in place instead, see ",[421,422,424],"a",{"href":423},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to sort a list in Python",".",[36,427,429],{"id":428},"sorting-different-iterable-types","Sorting different iterable types",[20,431,432,434],{},[15,433,17],{}," works with more than lists. The result is always a new list.",[222,436,438],{"id":437},"list","List",[41,440,442],{"className":43,"code":441,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,443,444,464],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,445,446,448,450,452,454,456,458,460,462],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,447,57],{"class":56},[50,449,61],{"class":60},[50,451,65],{"class":64},[50,453,69],{"class":68},[50,455,72],{"class":64},[50,457,75],{"class":68},[50,459,72],{"class":64},[50,461,80],{"class":68},[50,463,83],{"class":64},[50,465,466,468,470,472,474,476],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,467,118],{"class":94},[50,469,98],{"class":64},[50,471,191],{"class":94},[50,473,98],{"class":64},[50,475,102],{"class":101},[50,477,478],{"class":64},"))\n",[20,480,353],{},[41,482,484],{"className":43,"code":483,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,485,486],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,487,488,490,492,494,496,498,501],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,489,363],{"class":64},[50,491,366],{"class":68},[50,493,72],{"class":64},[50,495,80],{"class":68},[50,497,72],{"class":64},[50,499,500],{"class":68}," 3",[50,502,83],{"class":64},[222,504,506],{"id":505},"tuple","Tuple",[41,508,510],{"className":43,"code":509,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"values = (3, 1, 2)\nprint(sorted(values))\nprint(type(sorted(values)))\n",[15,511,512,534,549],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,513,514,517,519,522,524,526,528,530,532],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,515,516],{"class":56},"values ",[50,518,61],{"class":60},[50,520,521],{"class":64}," (",[50,523,69],{"class":68},[50,525,72],{"class":64},[50,527,75],{"class":68},[50,529,72],{"class":64},[50,531,80],{"class":68},[50,533,105],{"class":64},[50,535,536,538,540,542,544,547],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,537,118],{"class":94},[50,539,98],{"class":64},[50,541,191],{"class":94},[50,543,98],{"class":64},[50,545,546],{"class":101},"values",[50,548,478],{"class":64},[50,550,551,553,555,559,561,563,565,567],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,552,118],{"class":94},[50,554,98],{"class":64},[50,556,558],{"class":557},"sZMiF","type",[50,560,98],{"class":64},[50,562,191],{"class":94},[50,564,98],{"class":64},[50,566,546],{"class":101},[50,568,569],{"class":64},")))\n",[20,571,353],{},[41,573,575],{"className":43,"code":574,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,576,577,593],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,578,579,581,583,585,587,589,591],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,580,363],{"class":64},[50,582,366],{"class":68},[50,584,72],{"class":64},[50,586,80],{"class":68},[50,588,72],{"class":64},[50,590,500],{"class":68},[50,592,83],{"class":64},[50,594,595,598,602,606,609,612],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,596,597],{"class":60},"\u003C",[50,599,601],{"class":600},"sbsja","class",[50,603,605],{"class":604},"sjJ54"," '",[50,607,437],{"class":608},"s_sjI",[50,610,611],{"class":604},"'",[50,613,614],{"class":60},">\n",[222,616,618],{"id":617},"set","Set",[41,620,622],{"className":43,"code":621,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"values = {3, 1, 2}\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,623,624,646],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,625,626,628,630,633,635,637,639,641,643],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,627,516],{"class":56},[50,629,61],{"class":60},[50,631,632],{"class":64}," {",[50,634,69],{"class":68},[50,636,72],{"class":64},[50,638,75],{"class":68},[50,640,72],{"class":64},[50,642,80],{"class":68},[50,644,645],{"class":64},"}\n",[50,647,648,650,652,654,656,658],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,649,118],{"class":94},[50,651,98],{"class":64},[50,653,191],{"class":94},[50,655,98],{"class":64},[50,657,546],{"class":101},[50,659,478],{"class":64},[20,661,353],{},[41,663,664],{"className":43,"code":483,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,665,666],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,667,668,670,672,674,676,678,680],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,669,363],{"class":64},[50,671,366],{"class":68},[50,673,72],{"class":64},[50,675,80],{"class":68},[50,677,72],{"class":64},[50,679,500],{"class":68},[50,681,83],{"class":64},[222,683,685],{"id":684},"string","String",[41,687,689],{"className":43,"code":688,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"python\"\nprint(sorted(text))\n",[15,690,691,706],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,692,693,696,698,701,703],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,694,695],{"class":56},"text ",[50,697,61],{"class":60},[50,699,700],{"class":604}," \"",[50,702,45],{"class":608},[50,704,705],{"class":604},"\"\n",[50,707,708,710,712,714,716,719],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,709,118],{"class":94},[50,711,98],{"class":64},[50,713,191],{"class":94},[50,715,98],{"class":64},[50,717,718],{"class":101},"text",[50,720,478],{"class":64},[20,722,353],{},[41,724,726],{"className":43,"code":725,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['h', 'n', 'o', 'p', 't', 'y']\n",[15,727,728],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,729,730,732,734,737,739,741,743,746,748,750,752,755,757,759,761,763,765,767,769,772,774,776,778,781,783],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,731,363],{"class":64},[50,733,611],{"class":604},[50,735,736],{"class":608},"h",[50,738,611],{"class":604},[50,740,72],{"class":64},[50,742,605],{"class":604},[50,744,745],{"class":608},"n",[50,747,611],{"class":604},[50,749,72],{"class":64},[50,751,605],{"class":604},[50,753,754],{"class":608},"o",[50,756,611],{"class":604},[50,758,72],{"class":64},[50,760,605],{"class":604},[50,762,20],{"class":608},[50,764,611],{"class":604},[50,766,72],{"class":64},[50,768,605],{"class":604},[50,770,771],{"class":608},"t",[50,773,611],{"class":604},[50,775,72],{"class":64},[50,777,605],{"class":604},[50,779,780],{"class":608},"y",[50,782,611],{"class":604},[50,784,83],{"class":64},[222,786,788],{"id":787},"dictionary","Dictionary",[20,790,791,792,794],{},"When you pass a dictionary to ",[15,793,17],{},", Python sorts the dictionary keys.",[41,796,798],{"className":43,"code":797,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nprint(sorted(person))\n",[15,799,800,861],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,801,802,805,807,809,812,815,817,820,822,825,827,829,831,834,836,838,841,843,845,848,850,852,854,857,859],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,803,804],{"class":56},"person ",[50,806,61],{"class":60},[50,808,632],{"class":64},[50,810,811],{"class":604},"\"",[50,813,814],{"class":608},"name",[50,816,811],{"class":604},[50,818,819],{"class":64},":",[50,821,700],{"class":604},[50,823,824],{"class":608},"Ana",[50,826,811],{"class":604},[50,828,72],{"class":64},[50,830,700],{"class":604},[50,832,833],{"class":608},"age",[50,835,811],{"class":604},[50,837,819],{"class":64},[50,839,840],{"class":68}," 20",[50,842,72],{"class":64},[50,844,700],{"class":604},[50,846,847],{"class":608},"city",[50,849,811],{"class":604},[50,851,819],{"class":64},[50,853,700],{"class":604},[50,855,856],{"class":608},"Lima",[50,858,811],{"class":604},[50,860,645],{"class":64},[50,862,863,865,867,869,871,874],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,864,118],{"class":94},[50,866,98],{"class":64},[50,868,191],{"class":94},[50,870,98],{"class":64},[50,872,873],{"class":101},"person",[50,875,478],{"class":64},[20,877,353],{},[41,879,881],{"className":43,"code":880,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['age', 'city', 'name']\n",[15,882,883],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,884,885,887,889,891,893,895,897,899,901,903,905,907,909],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,886,363],{"class":64},[50,888,611],{"class":604},[50,890,833],{"class":608},[50,892,611],{"class":604},[50,894,72],{"class":64},[50,896,605],{"class":604},[50,898,847],{"class":608},[50,900,611],{"class":604},[50,902,72],{"class":64},[50,904,605],{"class":604},[50,906,814],{"class":608},[50,908,611],{"class":604},[50,910,83],{"class":64},[36,912,914,915],{"id":913},"using-reversetrue","Using ",[15,916,917],{},"reverse=True",[20,919,920,921,923],{},"Use ",[15,922,917],{}," when you want descending order instead of ascending order.",[41,925,927],{"className":43,"code":926,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n",[15,928,929,949,953,967],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,930,931,933,935,937,939,941,943,945,947],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,932,57],{"class":56},[50,934,61],{"class":60},[50,936,65],{"class":64},[50,938,69],{"class":68},[50,940,72],{"class":64},[50,942,75],{"class":68},[50,944,72],{"class":64},[50,946,80],{"class":68},[50,948,83],{"class":64},[50,950,951],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,952,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,954,955,957,959,961,963,965],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,956,118],{"class":94},[50,958,98],{"class":64},[50,960,191],{"class":94},[50,962,98],{"class":64},[50,964,102],{"class":101},[50,966,478],{"class":64},[50,968,969,971,973,975,977,979,981,983,985,987],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,970,118],{"class":94},[50,972,98],{"class":64},[50,974,191],{"class":94},[50,976,98],{"class":64},[50,978,102],{"class":101},[50,980,72],{"class":64},[50,982,213],{"class":201},[50,984,61],{"class":60},[50,986,247],{"class":207},[50,988,478],{"class":64},[20,990,353],{},[41,992,994],{"className":43,"code":993,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[1, 2, 3]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,995,996,1012],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,997,998,1000,1002,1004,1006,1008,1010],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,999,363],{"class":64},[50,1001,366],{"class":68},[50,1003,72],{"class":64},[50,1005,80],{"class":68},[50,1007,72],{"class":64},[50,1009,500],{"class":68},[50,1011,83],{"class":64},[50,1013,1014,1016,1018,1020,1022,1024,1026],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,1015,363],{"class":64},[50,1017,69],{"class":68},[50,1019,72],{"class":64},[50,1021,80],{"class":68},[50,1023,72],{"class":64},[50,1025,75],{"class":68},[50,1027,83],{"class":64},[20,1029,1030],{},"This also works with strings:",[41,1032,1034],{"className":43,"code":1033,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words))\nprint(sorted(words, reverse=True))\n",[15,1035,1036,1072,1076,1091],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,1037,1038,1041,1043,1045,1047,1050,1052,1054,1056,1059,1061,1063,1065,1068,1070],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,1039,1040],{"class":56},"words ",[50,1042,61],{"class":60},[50,1044,65],{"class":64},[50,1046,811],{"class":604},[50,1048,1049],{"class":608},"apple",[50,1051,811],{"class":604},[50,1053,72],{"class":64},[50,1055,700],{"class":604},[50,1057,1058],{"class":608},"banana",[50,1060,811],{"class":604},[50,1062,72],{"class":64},[50,1064,700],{"class":604},[50,1066,1067],{"class":608},"cherry",[50,1069,811],{"class":604},[50,1071,83],{"class":64},[50,1073,1074],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,1075,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,1077,1078,1080,1082,1084,1086,1089],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,1079,118],{"class":94},[50,1081,98],{"class":64},[50,1083,191],{"class":94},[50,1085,98],{"class":64},[50,1087,1088],{"class":101},"words",[50,1090,478],{"class":64},[50,1092,1093,1095,1097,1099,1101,1103,1105,1107,1109,1111],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,1094,118],{"class":94},[50,1096,98],{"class":64},[50,1098,191],{"class":94},[50,1100,98],{"class":64},[50,1102,1088],{"class":101},[50,1104,72],{"class":64},[50,1106,213],{"class":201},[50,1108,61],{"class":60},[50,1110,247],{"class":207},[50,1112,478],{"class":64},[20,1114,353],{},[41,1116,1118],{"className":43,"code":1117,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,1119,1120,1148],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,1121,1122,1124,1126,1128,1130,1132,1134,1136,1138,1140,1142,1144,1146],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,1123,363],{"class":64},[50,1125,611],{"class":604},[50,1127,1049],{"class":608},[50,1129,611],{"class":604},[50,1131,72],{"class":64},[50,1133,605],{"class":604},[50,1135,1058],{"class":608},[50,1137,611],{"class":604},[50,1139,72],{"class":64},[50,1141,605],{"class":604},[50,1143,1067],{"class":608},[50,1145,611],{"class":604},[50,1147,83],{"class":64},[50,1149,1150,1152,1154,1156,1158,1160,1162,1164,1166,1168,1170,1172,1174],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,1151,363],{"class":64},[50,1153,611],{"class":604},[50,1155,1067],{"class":608},[50,1157,611],{"class":604},[50,1159,72],{"class":64},[50,1161,605],{"class":604},[50,1163,1058],{"class":608},[50,1165,611],{"class":604},[50,1167,72],{"class":64},[50,1169,605],{"class":604},[50,1171,1049],{"class":608},[50,1173,611],{"class":604},[50,1175,83],{"class":64},[36,1177,914,1179,1182],{"id":1178},"using-key-for-custom-sorting",[15,1180,1181],{},"key="," for custom sorting",[20,1184,1185,1186,1188],{},"The ",[15,1187,1181],{}," argument lets you control how values are sorted.",[20,1190,1191],{},"Python applies the key function to each item, then sorts based on the result.",[20,1193,1194],{},"A beginner-friendly example is sorting words by length:",[41,1196,1198],{"className":43,"code":1197,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"pear\", \"fig\", \"banana\", \"kiwi\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=len)\nprint(result)\n",[15,1199,1200,1243,1247,1270],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,1201,1202,1204,1206,1208,1210,1213,1215,1217,1219,1222,1224,1226,1228,1230,1232,1234,1236,1239,1241],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,1203,1040],{"class":56},[50,1205,61],{"class":60},[50,1207,65],{"class":64},[50,1209,811],{"class":604},[50,1211,1212],{"class":608},"pear",[50,1214,811],{"class":604},[50,1216,72],{"class":64},[50,1218,700],{"class":604},[50,1220,1221],{"class":608},"fig",[50,1223,811],{"class":604},[50,1225,72],{"class":64},[50,1227,700],{"class":604},[50,1229,1058],{"class":608},[50,1231,811],{"class":604},[50,1233,72],{"class":64},[50,1235,700],{"class":604},[50,1237,1238],{"class":608},"kiwi",[50,1240,811],{"class":604},[50,1242,83],{"class":64},[50,1244,1245],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,1246,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,1248,1249,1251,1253,1255,1257,1259,1261,1263,1265,1268],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,1250,89],{"class":56},[50,1252,61],{"class":60},[50,1254,95],{"class":94},[50,1256,98],{"class":64},[50,1258,1088],{"class":101},[50,1260,72],{"class":64},[50,1262,202],{"class":201},[50,1264,61],{"class":60},[50,1266,1267],{"class":94},"len",[50,1269,105],{"class":64},[50,1271,1272,1274,1276,1278],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,1273,118],{"class":94},[50,1275,98],{"class":64},[50,1277,123],{"class":101},[50,1279,105],{"class":64},[20,1281,353],{},[41,1283,1285],{"className":43,"code":1284,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['fig', 'pear', 'kiwi', 'banana']\n",[15,1286,1287],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,1288,1289,1291,1293,1295,1297,1299,1301,1303,1305,1307,1309,1311,1313,1315,1317,1319,1321],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,1290,363],{"class":64},[50,1292,611],{"class":604},[50,1294,1221],{"class":608},[50,1296,611],{"class":604},[50,1298,72],{"class":64},[50,1300,605],{"class":604},[50,1302,1212],{"class":608},[50,1304,611],{"class":604},[50,1306,72],{"class":64},[50,1308,605],{"class":604},[50,1310,1238],{"class":608},[50,1312,611],{"class":604},[50,1314,72],{"class":64},[50,1316,605],{"class":604},[50,1318,1058],{"class":608},[50,1320,611],{"class":604},[50,1322,83],{"class":64},[20,1324,1325,1326,1328],{},"Here, ",[15,1327,1267],{}," is used as the key function, so the words are sorted by length.",[20,1330,1331],{},"Another common example is sorting text without caring about uppercase and lowercase letters:",[41,1333,1335],{"className":43,"code":1334,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=str.lower)\nprint(result)\n",[15,1336,1337,1371,1375,1404],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,1338,1339,1341,1343,1345,1347,1350,1352,1354,1356,1358,1360,1362,1364,1367,1369],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,1340,1040],{"class":56},[50,1342,61],{"class":60},[50,1344,65],{"class":64},[50,1346,811],{"class":604},[50,1348,1349],{"class":608},"Banana",[50,1351,811],{"class":604},[50,1353,72],{"class":64},[50,1355,700],{"class":604},[50,1357,1049],{"class":608},[50,1359,811],{"class":604},[50,1361,72],{"class":64},[50,1363,700],{"class":604},[50,1365,1366],{"class":608},"Cherry",[50,1368,811],{"class":604},[50,1370,83],{"class":64},[50,1372,1373],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,1374,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,1376,1377,1379,1381,1383,1385,1387,1389,1391,1393,1396,1398,1402],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,1378,89],{"class":56},[50,1380,61],{"class":60},[50,1382,95],{"class":94},[50,1384,98],{"class":64},[50,1386,1088],{"class":101},[50,1388,72],{"class":64},[50,1390,202],{"class":201},[50,1392,61],{"class":60},[50,1394,1395],{"class":557},"str",[50,1397,425],{"class":64},[50,1399,1401],{"class":1400},"skxfh","lower",[50,1403,105],{"class":64},[50,1405,1406,1408,1410,1412],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,1407,118],{"class":94},[50,1409,98],{"class":64},[50,1411,123],{"class":101},[50,1413,105],{"class":64},[20,1415,353],{},[41,1417,1419],{"className":43,"code":1418,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,1420,1421],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,1422,1423,1425,1427,1429,1431,1433,1435,1437,1439,1441,1443,1445,1447],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,1424,363],{"class":64},[50,1426,611],{"class":604},[50,1428,1049],{"class":608},[50,1430,611],{"class":604},[50,1432,72],{"class":64},[50,1434,605],{"class":604},[50,1436,1349],{"class":608},[50,1438,611],{"class":604},[50,1440,72],{"class":64},[50,1442,605],{"class":604},[50,1444,1366],{"class":608},[50,1446,611],{"class":604},[50,1448,83],{"class":64},[20,1450,1451,1452,1455,1456,425],{},"You can learn more about ",[15,1453,1454],{},"len()"," in ",[421,1457,13,1459,1461],{"href":1458},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained\u002F",[15,1460,1454],{}," function explained",[36,1463,1465,1467,1468],{"id":1464},"sorted-vs-listsort",[15,1466,17],{}," vs ",[15,1469,30],{},[20,1471,1472],{},"The main difference is this:",[158,1474,1475,1480],{},[161,1476,1477,1479],{},[15,1478,17],{}," returns a new list",[161,1481,1482,1484],{},[15,1483,30],{}," changes the original list",[20,1486,1487],{},"Also:",[158,1489,1490,1495],{},[161,1491,1492,1494],{},[15,1493,17],{}," works with many iterables",[161,1496,1497,1499],{},[15,1498,30],{}," only works on lists",[20,1501,920,1502,1504],{},[15,1503,17],{}," when:",[158,1506,1507,1510],{},[161,1508,1509],{},"you want to keep the original data unchanged",[161,1511,1512],{},"your data is not a list",[20,1514,1515,1516,425],{},"For a full side-by-side comparison, see ",[421,1517,13,1519,1467,1521,1523],{"href":1518},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained",[15,1520,17],{},[15,1522,30],{}," explained",[36,1525,1527],{"id":1526},"what-can-cause-errors","What can cause errors",[20,1529,1530,1531,425],{},"A few common problems happen when using ",[15,1532,17],{},[222,1534,1536],{"id":1535},"mixing-values-that-cannot-be-compared","Mixing values that cannot be compared",[20,1538,1539,1540,819],{},"This can raise a ",[15,1541,1542],{},"TypeError",[41,1544,1546],{"className":43,"code":1545,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"values = [1, \"2\", 3]\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,1547,1548,1573],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,1549,1550,1552,1554,1556,1558,1560,1562,1565,1567,1569,1571],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,1551,516],{"class":56},[50,1553,61],{"class":60},[50,1555,65],{"class":64},[50,1557,366],{"class":68},[50,1559,72],{"class":64},[50,1561,700],{"class":604},[50,1563,1564],{"class":608},"2",[50,1566,811],{"class":604},[50,1568,72],{"class":64},[50,1570,500],{"class":68},[50,1572,83],{"class":64},[50,1574,1575,1577,1579,1581,1583,1585],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,1576,118],{"class":94},[50,1578,98],{"class":64},[50,1580,191],{"class":94},[50,1582,98],{"class":64},[50,1584,546],{"class":101},[50,1586,478],{"class":64},[20,1588,1589],{},"Python cannot sort integers and strings together in the normal way.",[222,1591,1593,1594,1596],{"id":1592},"using-the-wrong-key-function","Using the wrong ",[15,1595,237],{}," function",[20,1598,1599],{},"If your key function does something invalid for the item type, you may get an error.",[20,1601,1602],{},"Example:",[41,1604,1606],{"className":43,"code":1605,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [10, 2, 30]\nprint(sorted(numbers, key=len))\n",[15,1607,1608,1630],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,1609,1610,1612,1614,1616,1619,1621,1623,1625,1628],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,1611,57],{"class":56},[50,1613,61],{"class":60},[50,1615,65],{"class":64},[50,1617,1618],{"class":68},"10",[50,1620,72],{"class":64},[50,1622,80],{"class":68},[50,1624,72],{"class":64},[50,1626,1627],{"class":68}," 30",[50,1629,83],{"class":64},[50,1631,1632,1634,1636,1638,1640,1642,1644,1646,1648,1650],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,1633,118],{"class":94},[50,1635,98],{"class":64},[50,1637,191],{"class":94},[50,1639,98],{"class":64},[50,1641,102],{"class":101},[50,1643,72],{"class":64},[50,1645,202],{"class":201},[50,1647,61],{"class":60},[50,1649,1267],{"class":94},[50,1651,478],{"class":64},[20,1653,1654,1655,1657],{},"This fails because ",[15,1656,1454],{}," does not work on integers.",[222,1659,1661],{"id":1660},"expecting-the-original-list-to-change","Expecting the original list to change",[20,1663,1664],{},"This is not a syntax error, but it is a very common beginner mistake:",[41,1666,1668],{"className":43,"code":1667,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,1669,1670,1690,1700,1704],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,1671,1672,1674,1676,1678,1680,1682,1684,1686,1688],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,1673,57],{"class":56},[50,1675,61],{"class":60},[50,1677,65],{"class":64},[50,1679,69],{"class":68},[50,1681,72],{"class":64},[50,1683,75],{"class":68},[50,1685,72],{"class":64},[50,1687,80],{"class":68},[50,1689,83],{"class":64},[50,1691,1692,1694,1696,1698],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,1693,191],{"class":94},[50,1695,98],{"class":64},[50,1697,102],{"class":101},[50,1699,105],{"class":64},[50,1701,1702],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,1703,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,1705,1706,1708,1710,1712],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,1707,118],{"class":94},[50,1709,98],{"class":64},[50,1711,102],{"class":101},[50,1713,105],{"class":64},[20,1715,353],{},[41,1717,1719],{"className":43,"code":1718,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[3, 1, 2]\n",[15,1720,1721],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,1722,1723,1725,1727,1729,1731,1733,1735],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,1724,363],{"class":64},[50,1726,69],{"class":68},[50,1728,72],{"class":64},[50,1730,75],{"class":68},[50,1732,72],{"class":64},[50,1734,80],{"class":68},[50,1736,83],{"class":64},[20,1738,1739],{},"If you do not save the result, the original list stays the same.",[36,1741,1743],{"id":1742},"common-mistakes","Common mistakes",[158,1745,1746,1751,1754,1760,1765],{},[161,1747,1748,1749,1484],{},"Assuming ",[15,1750,17],{},[161,1752,1753],{},"Trying to sort mixed types like integers and strings together",[161,1755,1756,1757,1759],{},"Forgetting that ",[15,1758,17],{}," always returns a list",[161,1761,914,1762,1764],{},[15,1763,1181],{}," incorrectly",[161,1766,1767,1768,1771,1772],{},"Calling ",[15,1769,1770],{},"sort()"," on a non-list object instead of using ",[15,1773,17],{},[20,1775,1776],{},"These quick checks can help while debugging:",[41,1778,1780],{"className":43,"code":1779,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(sorted([3, 1, 2]))\nprint(type(sorted((3, 1, 2))))\nprint(sorted(['Banana', 'apple'], key=str.lower))\nprint(sorted([3, 1, 2], reverse=True))\n",[15,1781,1782,1806,1834,1873],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,1783,1784,1786,1788,1790,1793,1795,1797,1799,1801,1803],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,1785,118],{"class":94},[50,1787,98],{"class":64},[50,1789,191],{"class":94},[50,1791,1792],{"class":64},"([",[50,1794,69],{"class":68},[50,1796,72],{"class":64},[50,1798,75],{"class":68},[50,1800,72],{"class":64},[50,1802,80],{"class":68},[50,1804,1805],{"class":64},"]))\n",[50,1807,1808,1810,1812,1814,1816,1818,1821,1823,1825,1827,1829,1831],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,1809,118],{"class":94},[50,1811,98],{"class":64},[50,1813,558],{"class":557},[50,1815,98],{"class":64},[50,1817,191],{"class":94},[50,1819,1820],{"class":64},"((",[50,1822,69],{"class":68},[50,1824,72],{"class":64},[50,1826,75],{"class":68},[50,1828,72],{"class":64},[50,1830,80],{"class":68},[50,1832,1833],{"class":64},"))))\n",[50,1835,1836,1838,1840,1842,1844,1846,1848,1850,1852,1854,1856,1858,1861,1863,1865,1867,1869,1871],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,1837,118],{"class":94},[50,1839,98],{"class":64},[50,1841,191],{"class":94},[50,1843,1792],{"class":64},[50,1845,611],{"class":604},[50,1847,1349],{"class":608},[50,1849,611],{"class":604},[50,1851,72],{"class":64},[50,1853,605],{"class":604},[50,1855,1049],{"class":608},[50,1857,611],{"class":604},[50,1859,1860],{"class":64},"],",[50,1862,202],{"class":201},[50,1864,61],{"class":60},[50,1866,1395],{"class":557},[50,1868,425],{"class":64},[50,1870,1401],{"class":1400},[50,1872,478],{"class":64},[50,1874,1875,1877,1879,1881,1883,1885,1887,1889,1891,1893,1895,1897,1899,1901],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,1876,118],{"class":94},[50,1878,98],{"class":64},[50,1880,191],{"class":94},[50,1882,1792],{"class":64},[50,1884,69],{"class":68},[50,1886,72],{"class":64},[50,1888,75],{"class":68},[50,1890,72],{"class":64},[50,1892,80],{"class":68},[50,1894,1860],{"class":64},[50,1896,213],{"class":201},[50,1898,61],{"class":60},[50,1900,247],{"class":207},[50,1902,478],{"class":64},[20,1904,1905,1906,425],{},"If Python raises an error because values cannot be compared, that is often a type problem in your data. You may also want to review common list behavior in ",[421,1907,1909],{"href":1908},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide\u002F","Python lists explained for beginners",[36,1911,1913],{"id":1912},"faq","FAQ",[222,1915,1917,1918,1920],{"id":1916},"does-sorted-change-the-original-list","Does ",[15,1919,17],{}," change the original list?",[20,1922,1923],{},"No. It returns a new sorted list and leaves the original list unchanged.",[222,1925,1927,1928,1930],{"id":1926},"what-does-sorted-return","What does ",[15,1929,17],{}," return?",[20,1932,1933],{},"It always returns a new list, even if you sort a tuple, set, or string.",[222,1935,1937,1938,1940,1941,1943],{"id":1936},"when-should-i-use-sorted-instead-of-listsort","When should I use ",[15,1939,17],{}," instead of ",[15,1942,30],{},"?",[20,1945,920,1946,1948],{},[15,1947,17],{}," when you want a new list or when your data is not a list.",[222,1950,1927,1952,1954,1955,1943],{"id":1951},"what-does-key-do-in-sorted",[15,1953,1181],{}," do in ",[15,1956,17],{},[20,1958,1959],{},"It tells Python what value to use when comparing each item during sorting.",[222,1961,1963,1964,1966,1967,1943],{"id":1962},"why-does-sorted-give-a-typeerror","Why does ",[15,1965,17],{}," give a ",[15,1968,1542],{},[20,1970,1971],{},"Usually because the items cannot be compared directly, such as mixing strings and integers.",[36,1973,1975],{"id":1974},"see-also","See also",[158,1977,1978,1983,1991,1995,2001,2009],{},[161,1979,1980],{},[421,1981,1982],{"href":423},"How to sort a list in Python",[161,1984,1985],{},[421,1986,13,1987,1467,1989,1523],{"href":1518},[15,1988,17],{},[15,1990,30],{},[161,1992,1993],{},[421,1994,1909],{"href":1908},[161,1996,1997],{},[421,1998,13,1999,1461],{"href":1458},[15,2000,1454],{},[161,2002,2003],{},[421,2004,13,2006,1461],{"href":2005},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained\u002F",[15,2007,2008],{},"enumerate()",[161,2010,2011],{},[421,2012,13,2014,1461],{"href":2013},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained\u002F",[15,2015,2016],{},"range()",[2018,2019,2020],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":2022},[2023,2024,2026,2029,2030,2037,2039,2041,2043,2049,2050,2062],{"id":38,"depth":86,"text":39},{"id":152,"depth":86,"text":2025},"What sorted() does",{"id":180,"depth":86,"text":181,"children":2027},[2028],{"id":224,"depth":108,"text":225},{"id":270,"depth":86,"text":271},{"id":428,"depth":86,"text":429,"children":2031},[2032,2033,2034,2035,2036],{"id":437,"depth":108,"text":438},{"id":505,"depth":108,"text":506},{"id":617,"depth":108,"text":618},{"id":684,"depth":108,"text":685},{"id":787,"depth":108,"text":788},{"id":913,"depth":86,"text":2038},"Using reverse=True",{"id":1178,"depth":86,"text":2040},"Using key= for custom sorting",{"id":1464,"depth":86,"text":2042},"sorted() vs list.sort()",{"id":1526,"depth":86,"text":1527,"children":2044},[2045,2046,2048],{"id":1535,"depth":108,"text":1536},{"id":1592,"depth":108,"text":2047},"Using the wrong key function",{"id":1660,"depth":108,"text":1661},{"id":1742,"depth":86,"text":1743},{"id":1912,"depth":86,"text":1913,"children":2051},[2052,2054,2056,2058,2060],{"id":1916,"depth":108,"text":2053},"Does sorted() change the original list?",{"id":1926,"depth":108,"text":2055},"What does sorted() return?",{"id":1936,"depth":108,"text":2057},"When should I use sorted() instead of list.sort()?",{"id":1951,"depth":108,"text":2059},"What does key= do in sorted()?",{"id":1962,"depth":108,"text":2061},"Why does sorted() give a TypeError?",{"id":1974,"depth":86,"text":1975},"Master python sorted function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.","md",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained",{"title":5,"description":2063},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained","LQH2I83gor3v6qTZiOQhBtX1q59uADx_8T7BkBYcca8",[2071,3657,5356,7051,9190,11385,12901,15075,17280,19736,21574,24138,26236,28518,30464,32375,34372,35809,37635,40158,42320,43547,44918,46566,48886,50729,52710,54403,55655,57347,59098,61067,62816,64912,66272,68223,69786,71777,73572,75466,77907,79975,82615,84643,86605,88793,90797,93109,94790,96235,97429,98607,100447,102887,104591,106606,108130,109375,110538,111920,113990,115887,117661,119404,121523,123263,124725,126319,128242,129919,131854,133343,136127,137704,139263,141291,143243,144706,145895,147781,149192,150888,152442,153864,155267,157165,159559,161390],{"id":2072,"title":2073,"body":2074,"description":3651,"extension":2064,"meta":3652,"navigation":111,"path":3653,"seo":3654,"stem":3655,"__hash__":3656},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained.md","Python abs() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":2075,"toc":3623},[2076,2079,2085,2088,2099,2102,2106,2169,2171,2191,2196,2200,2205,2208,2224,2227,2252,2255,2257,2260,2276,2279,2305,2307,2365,2367,2382,2392,2402,2406,2409,2462,2464,2484,2487,2511,2518,2522,2527,2533,2535,2573,2575,2584,2590,2608,2611,2623,2627,2632,2636,2639,2660,2662,2720,2722,2730,2733,2737,2769,2771,2779,2782,2786,2791,2839,2841,2849,2853,2913,2915,2923,2926,2928,2932,2935,2958,2967,2983,3033,3035,3050,3061,3065,3068,3095,3101,3105,3110,3151,3153,3164,3167,3210,3212,3220,3224,3229,3251,3253,3262,3271,3275,3280,3302,3304,3374,3376,3423,3426,3429,3432,3511,3513,3543,3545,3549,3552,3556,3559,3563,3566,3570,3582,3586,3589,3591,3620],[10,2077,2073],{"id":2078},"python-abs-function-explained",[20,2080,1185,2081,2084],{},[15,2082,2083],{},"abs()"," function returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,2086,2087],{},"Beginners usually use it when they want:",[158,2089,2090,2093,2096],{},[161,2091,2092],{},"a number without its negative sign",[161,2094,2095],{},"the distance between two numbers",[161,2097,2098],{},"the size of a value without caring whether it is positive or negative",[20,2100,2101],{},"It works with common Python number types such as integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[36,2103,2105],{"id":2104},"quick-example","Quick example",[41,2107,2109],{"className":43,"code":2108,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(abs(-7))\nprint(abs(3.5))\nprint(abs(-2+3j))\n",[15,2110,2111,2130,2145],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,2112,2113,2115,2117,2120,2122,2125,2128],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,2114,118],{"class":94},[50,2116,98],{"class":64},[50,2118,2119],{"class":94},"abs",[50,2121,98],{"class":64},[50,2123,2124],{"class":60},"-",[50,2126,2127],{"class":68},"7",[50,2129,478],{"class":64},[50,2131,2132,2134,2136,2138,2140,2143],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,2133,118],{"class":94},[50,2135,98],{"class":64},[50,2137,2119],{"class":94},[50,2139,98],{"class":64},[50,2141,2142],{"class":68},"3.5",[50,2144,478],{"class":64},[50,2146,2147,2149,2151,2153,2155,2157,2159,2162,2164,2167],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,2148,118],{"class":94},[50,2150,98],{"class":64},[50,2152,2119],{"class":94},[50,2154,98],{"class":64},[50,2156,2124],{"class":60},[50,2158,1564],{"class":68},[50,2160,2161],{"class":60},"+",[50,2163,69],{"class":68},[50,2165,2166],{"class":600},"j",[50,2168,478],{"class":64},[20,2170,353],{},[41,2172,2174],{"className":43,"code":2173,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"7\n3.5\n3.605551275463989\n",[15,2175,2176,2181,2186],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,2177,2178],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,2179,2180],{"class":68},"7\n",[50,2182,2183],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,2184,2185],{"class":68},"3.5\n",[50,2187,2188],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,2189,2190],{"class":68},"3.605551275463989\n",[20,2192,920,2193,2195],{},[15,2194,2083],{}," to get the absolute value of a number. For complex numbers, it returns the magnitude.",[36,2197,2199],{"id":2198},"what-abs-does","What abs() does",[20,2201,2202,2204],{},[15,2203,2083],{}," returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,2206,2207],{},"That means:",[158,2209,2210,2213,2216],{},[161,2211,2212],{},"negative integers and floats become positive",[161,2214,2215],{},"positive numbers stay the same",[161,2217,2218,2221,2222],{},[15,2219,2220],{},"0"," stays ",[15,2223,2220],{},[20,2225,2226],{},"Examples:",[158,2228,2229,2237,2245],{},[161,2230,2231,2234,2235],{},[15,2232,2233],{},"abs(-5)"," gives ",[15,2236,290],{},[161,2238,2239,2234,2242],{},[15,2240,2241],{},"abs(9)",[15,2243,2244],{},"9",[161,2246,2247,2234,2250],{},[15,2248,2249],{},"abs(0)",[15,2251,2220],{},[20,2253,2254],{},"This is useful when you care about how large a number is, but not whether it is positive or negative.",[36,2256,181],{"id":180},[20,2258,2259],{},"The syntax is:",[41,2261,2263],{"className":43,"code":2262,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"abs(x)\n",[15,2264,2265],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,2266,2267,2269,2271,2274],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,2268,2119],{"class":94},[50,2270,98],{"class":64},[50,2272,2273],{"class":101},"x",[50,2275,105],{"class":64},[20,2277,2278],{},"Here:",[158,2280,2281,2297,2302],{},[161,2282,2283,2285,2286,31,2289,2292,2293,2296],{},[15,2284,2273],{}," is usually an ",[15,2287,2288],{},"int",[15,2290,2291],{},"float",", or ",[15,2294,2295],{},"complex"," number",[161,2298,2299,2301],{},[15,2300,2083],{}," returns a new value",[161,2303,2304],{},"it does not change the original variable",[20,2306,1602],{},[41,2308,2310],{"className":43,"code":2309,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"number = -12\nresult = abs(number)\n\nprint(number)\nprint(result)\n",[15,2311,2312,2325,2341,2345,2355],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,2313,2314,2317,2319,2322],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,2315,2316],{"class":56},"number ",[50,2318,61],{"class":60},[50,2320,2321],{"class":60}," -",[50,2323,2324],{"class":68},"12\n",[50,2326,2327,2329,2331,2334,2336,2339],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,2328,89],{"class":56},[50,2330,61],{"class":60},[50,2332,2333],{"class":94}," abs",[50,2335,98],{"class":64},[50,2337,2338],{"class":101},"number",[50,2340,105],{"class":64},[50,2342,2343],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,2344,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,2346,2347,2349,2351,2353],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,2348,118],{"class":94},[50,2350,98],{"class":64},[50,2352,2338],{"class":101},[50,2354,105],{"class":64},[50,2356,2357,2359,2361,2363],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,2358,118],{"class":94},[50,2360,98],{"class":64},[50,2362,123],{"class":101},[50,2364,105],{"class":64},[20,2366,353],{},[41,2368,2370],{"className":43,"code":2369,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"-12\n12\n",[15,2371,2372,2378],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,2373,2374,2376],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,2375,2124],{"class":60},[50,2377,2324],{"class":68},[50,2379,2380],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,2381,2324],{"class":68},[20,2383,2384,2385,2387,2388,2391],{},"Notice that ",[15,2386,2338],{}," is still ",[15,2389,2390],{},"-12",". If you want to keep the absolute value, you must store it in a variable.",[20,2393,2394,2395,2401],{},"If you are not sure what type a value has, the ",[421,2396,2398,1596],{"href":2397},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained\u002F",[15,2399,2400],{},"type()"," can help.",[36,2403,2405],{"id":2404},"examples-with-integers-and-floats","Examples with integers and floats",[20,2407,2408],{},"Here are some basic examples:",[41,2410,2412],{"className":43,"code":2411,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(abs(-10))\nprint(abs(8))\nprint(abs(-4.2))\n",[15,2413,2414,2430,2445],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,2415,2416,2418,2420,2422,2424,2426,2428],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,2417,118],{"class":94},[50,2419,98],{"class":64},[50,2421,2119],{"class":94},[50,2423,98],{"class":64},[50,2425,2124],{"class":60},[50,2427,1618],{"class":68},[50,2429,478],{"class":64},[50,2431,2432,2434,2436,2438,2440,2443],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,2433,118],{"class":94},[50,2435,98],{"class":64},[50,2437,2119],{"class":94},[50,2439,98],{"class":64},[50,2441,2442],{"class":68},"8",[50,2444,478],{"class":64},[50,2446,2447,2449,2451,2453,2455,2457,2460],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,2448,118],{"class":94},[50,2450,98],{"class":64},[50,2452,2119],{"class":94},[50,2454,98],{"class":64},[50,2456,2124],{"class":60},[50,2458,2459],{"class":68},"4.2",[50,2461,478],{"class":64},[20,2463,353],{},[41,2465,2467],{"className":43,"code":2466,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"10\n8\n4.2\n",[15,2468,2469,2474,2479],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,2470,2471],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,2472,2473],{"class":68},"10\n",[50,2475,2476],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,2477,2478],{"class":68},"8\n",[50,2480,2481],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,2482,2483],{"class":68},"4.2\n",[20,2485,2486],{},"What each line does:",[158,2488,2489,2497,2504],{},[161,2490,2491,2494,2495],{},[15,2492,2493],{},"abs(-10)"," returns ",[15,2496,1618],{},[161,2498,2499,2494,2502],{},[15,2500,2501],{},"abs(8)",[15,2503,2442],{},[161,2505,2506,2494,2509],{},[15,2507,2508],{},"abs(-4.2)",[15,2510,2459],{},[20,2512,2513,2514,425],{},"This works because integers and floats are standard numeric types in Python. If you want a refresher, see ",[421,2515,2517],{"href":2516},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-numbers-explained-int-float-complex\u002F","Python numbers explained: int, float, complex",[36,2519,2521],{"id":2520},"example-with-complex-numbers","Example with complex numbers",[20,2523,2524,2526],{},[15,2525,2083],{}," also works with complex numbers.",[20,2528,2529,2530,2532],{},"For a complex number, it returns the distance from ",[15,2531,2220],{}," in the complex plane. You do not need advanced math to use this. In practice, it gives the size, or magnitude, of the complex number.",[20,2534,1602],{},[41,2536,2538],{"className":43,"code":2537,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = 3 + 4j\nprint(abs(value))\n",[15,2539,2540,2558],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,2541,2542,2545,2547,2549,2552,2555],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,2543,2544],{"class":56},"value ",[50,2546,61],{"class":60},[50,2548,500],{"class":68},[50,2550,2551],{"class":60}," +",[50,2553,2554],{"class":68}," 4",[50,2556,2557],{"class":600},"j\n",[50,2559,2560,2562,2564,2566,2568,2571],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,2561,118],{"class":94},[50,2563,98],{"class":64},[50,2565,2119],{"class":94},[50,2567,98],{"class":64},[50,2569,2570],{"class":101},"value",[50,2572,478],{"class":64},[20,2574,353],{},[41,2576,2578],{"className":43,"code":2577,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"5.0\n",[15,2579,2580],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,2581,2582],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,2583,2577],{"class":68},[20,2585,2586,2587,1943],{},"Why ",[15,2588,2589],{},"5.0",[158,2591,2592,2597,2603],{},[161,2593,2594,2595],{},"the real part is ",[15,2596,69],{},[161,2598,2599,2600],{},"the imaginary part is ",[15,2601,2602],{},"4",[161,2604,2605,2606],{},"the magnitude is ",[15,2607,2589],{},[20,2609,2610],{},"For beginners, the main thing to remember is simple:",[158,2612,2613,2620],{},[161,2614,2615,2617,2618],{},[15,2616,2083],{}," on a complex number returns a ",[15,2619,2291],{},[161,2621,2622],{},"it gives the number's magnitude, not a complex number back",[36,2624,2626],{"id":2625},"common-beginner-uses","Common beginner uses",[20,2628,2629,2630,425],{},"Here are some common ways beginners use ",[15,2631,2083],{},[222,2633,2635],{"id":2634},"finding-the-distance-between-two-numbers","Finding the distance between two numbers",[20,2637,2638],{},"A very common pattern is:",[41,2640,2642],{"className":43,"code":2641,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"abs(a - b)\n",[15,2643,2644],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,2645,2646,2648,2650,2653,2655,2658],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,2647,2119],{"class":94},[50,2649,98],{"class":64},[50,2651,2652],{"class":101},"a ",[50,2654,2124],{"class":60},[50,2656,2657],{"class":101}," b",[50,2659,105],{"class":64},[20,2661,1602],{},[41,2663,2665],{"className":43,"code":2664,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = 3\nb = 10\n\ndistance = abs(a - b)\nprint(distance)\n",[15,2666,2667,2676,2686,2690,2709],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,2668,2669,2671,2673],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,2670,2652],{"class":56},[50,2672,61],{"class":60},[50,2674,2675],{"class":68}," 3\n",[50,2677,2678,2681,2683],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,2679,2680],{"class":56},"b ",[50,2682,61],{"class":60},[50,2684,2685],{"class":68}," 10\n",[50,2687,2688],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,2689,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,2691,2692,2695,2697,2699,2701,2703,2705,2707],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,2693,2694],{"class":56},"distance ",[50,2696,61],{"class":60},[50,2698,2333],{"class":94},[50,2700,98],{"class":64},[50,2702,2652],{"class":101},[50,2704,2124],{"class":60},[50,2706,2657],{"class":101},[50,2708,105],{"class":64},[50,2710,2711,2713,2715,2718],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,2712,118],{"class":94},[50,2714,98],{"class":64},[50,2716,2717],{"class":101},"distance",[50,2719,105],{"class":64},[20,2721,353],{},[41,2723,2724],{"className":43,"code":2180,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,2725,2726],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,2727,2728],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,2729,2180],{"class":68},[20,2731,2732],{},"This tells you how far apart two numbers are.",[222,2734,2736],{"id":2735},"comparing-how-far-a-value-is-from-zero","Comparing how far a value is from zero",[41,2738,2740],{"className":43,"code":2739,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"temperature_change = -6\nprint(abs(temperature_change))\n",[15,2741,2742,2754],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,2743,2744,2747,2749,2751],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,2745,2746],{"class":56},"temperature_change ",[50,2748,61],{"class":60},[50,2750,2321],{"class":60},[50,2752,2753],{"class":68},"6\n",[50,2755,2756,2758,2760,2762,2764,2767],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,2757,118],{"class":94},[50,2759,98],{"class":64},[50,2761,2119],{"class":94},[50,2763,98],{"class":64},[50,2765,2766],{"class":101},"temperature_change",[50,2768,478],{"class":64},[20,2770,353],{},[41,2772,2773],{"className":43,"code":2753,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,2774,2775],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,2776,2777],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,2778,2753],{"class":68},[20,2780,2781],{},"This is useful when the size of the change matters more than the direction.",[222,2783,2785],{"id":2784},"working-with-negative-input-values-safely","Working with negative input values safely",[20,2787,2788,2789,2401],{},"If a user enters a negative number but your program needs a positive value, ",[15,2790,2083],{},[41,2792,2794],{"className":43,"code":2793,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"balance_change = -25\nsafe_value = abs(balance_change)\n\nprint(safe_value)\n",[15,2795,2796,2808,2824,2828],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,2797,2798,2801,2803,2805],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,2799,2800],{"class":56},"balance_change ",[50,2802,61],{"class":60},[50,2804,2321],{"class":60},[50,2806,2807],{"class":68},"25\n",[50,2809,2810,2813,2815,2817,2819,2822],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,2811,2812],{"class":56},"safe_value ",[50,2814,61],{"class":60},[50,2816,2333],{"class":94},[50,2818,98],{"class":64},[50,2820,2821],{"class":101},"balance_change",[50,2823,105],{"class":64},[50,2825,2826],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,2827,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,2829,2830,2832,2834,2837],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,2831,118],{"class":94},[50,2833,98],{"class":64},[50,2835,2836],{"class":101},"safe_value",[50,2838,105],{"class":64},[20,2840,353],{},[41,2842,2843],{"className":43,"code":2807,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,2844,2845],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,2846,2847],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,2848,2807],{"class":68},[222,2850,2852],{"id":2851},"checking-the-absolute-difference-in-simple-programs","Checking the absolute difference in simple programs",[41,2854,2856],{"className":43,"code":2855,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"guess = 42\ntarget = 50\n\ndifference = abs(guess - target)\nprint(difference)\n",[15,2857,2858,2868,2878,2882,2902],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,2859,2860,2863,2865],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,2861,2862],{"class":56},"guess ",[50,2864,61],{"class":60},[50,2866,2867],{"class":68}," 42\n",[50,2869,2870,2873,2875],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,2871,2872],{"class":56},"target ",[50,2874,61],{"class":60},[50,2876,2877],{"class":68}," 50\n",[50,2879,2880],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,2881,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,2883,2884,2887,2889,2891,2893,2895,2897,2900],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,2885,2886],{"class":56},"difference ",[50,2888,61],{"class":60},[50,2890,2333],{"class":94},[50,2892,98],{"class":64},[50,2894,2862],{"class":101},[50,2896,2124],{"class":60},[50,2898,2899],{"class":101}," target",[50,2901,105],{"class":64},[50,2903,2904,2906,2908,2911],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,2905,118],{"class":94},[50,2907,98],{"class":64},[50,2909,2910],{"class":101},"difference",[50,2912,105],{"class":64},[20,2914,353],{},[41,2916,2917],{"className":43,"code":2478,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,2918,2919],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,2920,2921],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,2922,2478],{"class":68},[20,2924,2925],{},"This is useful in guessing games, scoring programs, and simple comparisons.",[36,2927,1743],{"id":1742},[222,2929,2931],{"id":2930},"passing-a-string-to-abs","Passing a string to abs()",[20,2933,2934],{},"This causes an error:",[41,2936,2938],{"className":43,"code":2937,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(abs(\"5\"))\n",[15,2939,2940],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,2941,2942,2944,2946,2948,2950,2952,2954,2956],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,2943,118],{"class":94},[50,2945,98],{"class":64},[50,2947,2119],{"class":94},[50,2949,98],{"class":64},[50,2951,811],{"class":604},[50,2953,290],{"class":608},[50,2955,811],{"class":604},[50,2957,478],{"class":64},[20,2959,2960,2963,2964,2966],{},[15,2961,2962],{},"\"5\""," is a string, not a number. ",[15,2965,2083],{}," needs a numeric value.",[20,2968,2969,2970,2976,2977,819],{},"Fix it by converting the string first with ",[421,2971,2973],{"href":2972},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained\u002F",[15,2974,2975],{},"int()"," or ",[421,2978,2980],{"href":2979},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained\u002F",[15,2981,2982],{},"float()",[41,2984,2986],{"className":43,"code":2985,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(abs(int(\"5\")))\nprint(abs(float(\"-3.2\")))\n",[15,2987,2988,3010],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,2989,2990,2992,2994,2996,2998,3000,3002,3004,3006,3008],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,2991,118],{"class":94},[50,2993,98],{"class":64},[50,2995,2119],{"class":94},[50,2997,98],{"class":64},[50,2999,2288],{"class":557},[50,3001,98],{"class":64},[50,3003,811],{"class":604},[50,3005,290],{"class":608},[50,3007,811],{"class":604},[50,3009,569],{"class":64},[50,3011,3012,3014,3016,3018,3020,3022,3024,3026,3029,3031],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,3013,118],{"class":94},[50,3015,98],{"class":64},[50,3017,2119],{"class":94},[50,3019,98],{"class":64},[50,3021,2291],{"class":557},[50,3023,98],{"class":64},[50,3025,811],{"class":604},[50,3027,3028],{"class":608},"-3.2",[50,3030,811],{"class":604},[50,3032,569],{"class":64},[20,3034,353],{},[41,3036,3038],{"className":43,"code":3037,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"5\n3.2\n",[15,3039,3040,3045],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,3041,3042],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,3043,3044],{"class":68},"5\n",[50,3046,3047],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,3048,3049],{"class":68},"3.2\n",[20,3051,3052,3053,3056,3057,425],{},"If you are working with keyboard input, this mistake often happens because ",[15,3054,3055],{},"input()"," always returns a string. See ",[421,3058,3060],{"href":3059},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-int-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to an int in Python",[222,3062,3064],{"id":3063},"passing-a-list-or-dictionary","Passing a list or dictionary",[20,3066,3067],{},"Unsupported types also cause an error:",[41,3069,3071],{"className":43,"code":3070,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(abs([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,3072,3073],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,3074,3075,3077,3079,3081,3083,3085,3087,3089,3091,3093],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,3076,118],{"class":94},[50,3078,98],{"class":64},[50,3080,2119],{"class":94},[50,3082,1792],{"class":64},[50,3084,366],{"class":68},[50,3086,72],{"class":64},[50,3088,80],{"class":68},[50,3090,72],{"class":64},[50,3092,500],{"class":68},[50,3094,1805],{"class":64},[20,3096,3097,3098,3100],{},"This raises a ",[15,3099,1542],{}," because lists do not have an absolute value.",[222,3102,3104],{"id":3103},"assuming-abs-changes-the-original-variable","Assuming abs() changes the original variable",[20,3106,3107,3109],{},[15,3108,2083],{}," does not update the variable by itself.",[41,3111,3113],{"className":43,"code":3112,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"x = -9\nabs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,3114,3115,3127,3137,3141],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,3116,3117,3120,3122,3124],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,3118,3119],{"class":56},"x ",[50,3121,61],{"class":60},[50,3123,2321],{"class":60},[50,3125,3126],{"class":68},"9\n",[50,3128,3129,3131,3133,3135],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,3130,2119],{"class":94},[50,3132,98],{"class":64},[50,3134,2273],{"class":101},[50,3136,105],{"class":64},[50,3138,3139],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,3140,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,3142,3143,3145,3147,3149],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,3144,118],{"class":94},[50,3146,98],{"class":64},[50,3148,2273],{"class":101},[50,3150,105],{"class":64},[20,3152,353],{},[41,3154,3156],{"className":43,"code":3155,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"-9\n",[15,3157,3158],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,3159,3160,3162],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,3161,2124],{"class":60},[50,3163,3126],{"class":68},[20,3165,3166],{},"If you want to store the result:",[41,3168,3170],{"className":43,"code":3169,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"x = -9\nx = abs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,3171,3172,3182,3196,3200],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,3173,3174,3176,3178,3180],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,3175,3119],{"class":56},[50,3177,61],{"class":60},[50,3179,2321],{"class":60},[50,3181,3126],{"class":68},[50,3183,3184,3186,3188,3190,3192,3194],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,3185,3119],{"class":56},[50,3187,61],{"class":60},[50,3189,2333],{"class":94},[50,3191,98],{"class":64},[50,3193,2273],{"class":101},[50,3195,105],{"class":64},[50,3197,3198],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,3199,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,3201,3202,3204,3206,3208],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,3203,118],{"class":94},[50,3205,98],{"class":64},[50,3207,2273],{"class":101},[50,3209,105],{"class":64},[20,3211,353],{},[41,3213,3214],{"className":43,"code":3126,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,3215,3216],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,3217,3218],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,3219,3126],{"class":68},[222,3221,3223],{"id":3222},"confusing-absolute-value-with-rounding","Confusing absolute value with rounding",[20,3225,3226,3228],{},[15,3227,2083],{}," does not round numbers.",[41,3230,3232],{"className":43,"code":3231,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(abs(-4.7))\n",[15,3233,3234],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,3235,3236,3238,3240,3242,3244,3246,3249],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,3237,118],{"class":94},[50,3239,98],{"class":64},[50,3241,2119],{"class":94},[50,3243,98],{"class":64},[50,3245,2124],{"class":60},[50,3247,3248],{"class":68},"4.7",[50,3250,478],{"class":64},[20,3252,353],{},[41,3254,3256],{"className":43,"code":3255,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"4.7\n",[15,3257,3258],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,3259,3260],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,3261,3255],{"class":68},[20,3263,3264,3265,3267,3268,3270],{},"If you expected ",[15,3266,290],{},", that is a different operation. ",[15,3269,2083],{}," removes the negative sign. It does not change the decimal part.",[36,3272,3274],{"id":3273},"return-values-and-types","Return values and types",[20,3276,3277,3279],{},[15,3278,2083],{}," returns different types depending on the input:",[158,3281,3282,3289,3296],{},[161,3283,3284,3286,3287],{},[15,3285,2288],{}," input → returns an ",[15,3288,2288],{},[161,3290,3291,3293,3294],{},[15,3292,2291],{}," input → returns a ",[15,3295,2291],{},[161,3297,3298,3293,3300],{},[15,3299,2295],{},[15,3301,2291],{},[20,3303,1602],{},[41,3305,3307],{"className":43,"code":3306,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(type(abs(-5)))\nprint(type(abs(-3.2)))\nprint(type(abs(3 + 4j)))\n",[15,3308,3309,3329,3350],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,3310,3311,3313,3315,3317,3319,3321,3323,3325,3327],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,3312,118],{"class":94},[50,3314,98],{"class":64},[50,3316,558],{"class":557},[50,3318,98],{"class":64},[50,3320,2119],{"class":94},[50,3322,98],{"class":64},[50,3324,2124],{"class":60},[50,3326,290],{"class":68},[50,3328,569],{"class":64},[50,3330,3331,3333,3335,3337,3339,3341,3343,3345,3348],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,3332,118],{"class":94},[50,3334,98],{"class":64},[50,3336,558],{"class":557},[50,3338,98],{"class":64},[50,3340,2119],{"class":94},[50,3342,98],{"class":64},[50,3344,2124],{"class":60},[50,3346,3347],{"class":68},"3.2",[50,3349,569],{"class":64},[50,3351,3352,3354,3356,3358,3360,3362,3364,3366,3368,3370,3372],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,3353,118],{"class":94},[50,3355,98],{"class":64},[50,3357,558],{"class":557},[50,3359,98],{"class":64},[50,3361,2119],{"class":94},[50,3363,98],{"class":64},[50,3365,69],{"class":68},[50,3367,2551],{"class":60},[50,3369,2554],{"class":68},[50,3371,2166],{"class":600},[50,3373,569],{"class":64},[20,3375,353],{},[41,3377,3379],{"className":43,"code":3378,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,3380,3381,3395,3409],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,3382,3383,3385,3387,3389,3391,3393],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,3384,597],{"class":60},[50,3386,601],{"class":600},[50,3388,605],{"class":604},[50,3390,2288],{"class":608},[50,3392,611],{"class":604},[50,3394,614],{"class":60},[50,3396,3397,3399,3401,3403,3405,3407],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,3398,597],{"class":60},[50,3400,601],{"class":600},[50,3402,605],{"class":604},[50,3404,2291],{"class":608},[50,3406,611],{"class":604},[50,3408,614],{"class":60},[50,3410,3411,3413,3415,3417,3419,3421],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,3412,597],{"class":60},[50,3414,601],{"class":600},[50,3416,605],{"class":604},[50,3418,2291],{"class":608},[50,3420,611],{"class":604},[50,3422,614],{"class":60},[20,3424,3425],{},"This matters because beginners often check value types while debugging.",[20,3427,3428],{},"If your value comes from user input, convert it first and then check the type if needed.",[20,3430,3431],{},"Useful debugging steps:",[41,3433,3435],{"className":43,"code":3434,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = \"-5\"\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nuser_input = \"-3.7\"\nprint(abs(float(user_input)))\n",[15,3436,3437,3450,3460,3474,3478,3492],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,3438,3439,3441,3443,3445,3448],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,3440,2544],{"class":56},[50,3442,61],{"class":60},[50,3444,700],{"class":604},[50,3446,3447],{"class":608},"-5",[50,3449,705],{"class":604},[50,3451,3452,3454,3456,3458],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,3453,118],{"class":94},[50,3455,98],{"class":64},[50,3457,2570],{"class":101},[50,3459,105],{"class":64},[50,3461,3462,3464,3466,3468,3470,3472],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,3463,118],{"class":94},[50,3465,98],{"class":64},[50,3467,558],{"class":557},[50,3469,98],{"class":64},[50,3471,2570],{"class":101},[50,3473,478],{"class":64},[50,3475,3476],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,3477,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,3479,3480,3483,3485,3487,3490],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,3481,3482],{"class":56},"user_input ",[50,3484,61],{"class":60},[50,3486,700],{"class":604},[50,3488,3489],{"class":608},"-3.7",[50,3491,705],{"class":604},[50,3493,3494,3496,3498,3500,3502,3504,3506,3509],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,3495,118],{"class":94},[50,3497,98],{"class":64},[50,3499,2119],{"class":94},[50,3501,98],{"class":64},[50,3503,2291],{"class":557},[50,3505,98],{"class":64},[50,3507,3508],{"class":101},"user_input",[50,3510,569],{"class":64},[20,3512,353],{},[41,3514,3516],{"className":43,"code":3515,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"-5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n3.7\n",[15,3517,3518,3524,3538],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,3519,3520,3522],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,3521,2124],{"class":60},[50,3523,3044],{"class":68},[50,3525,3526,3528,3530,3532,3534,3536],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,3527,597],{"class":60},[50,3529,601],{"class":600},[50,3531,605],{"class":604},[50,3533,1395],{"class":608},[50,3535,611],{"class":604},[50,3537,614],{"class":60},[50,3539,3540],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,3541,3542],{"class":68},"3.7\n",[36,3544,1913],{"id":1912},[222,3546,3548],{"id":3547},"what-does-abs-mean-in-python","What does abs() mean in Python?",[20,3550,3551],{},"It returns the absolute value of a number. This means the value without a negative sign.",[222,3553,3555],{"id":3554},"does-abs-work-with-floats","Does abs() work with floats?",[20,3557,3558],{},"Yes. It works with integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[222,3560,3562],{"id":3561},"does-abs-change-the-original-variable","Does abs() change the original variable?",[20,3564,3565],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to store the result.",[222,3567,3569],{"id":3568},"why-does-absinput-give-an-error","Why does abs(input()) give an error?",[20,3571,3572,3574,3575,2976,3577,3579,3580,425],{},[15,3573,3055],{}," returns a string. Convert it first with ",[15,3576,2975],{},[15,3578,2982],{}," before using ",[15,3581,2083],{},[222,3583,3585],{"id":3584},"what-does-abs-return-for-a-complex-number","What does abs() return for a complex number?",[20,3587,3588],{},"It returns the magnitude as a float.",[36,3590,1975],{"id":1974},[158,3592,3593,3599,3605,3611,3616],{},[161,3594,3595],{},[421,3596,3597,1461],{"href":2972},[15,3598,2975],{},[161,3600,3601],{},[421,3602,3603,1461],{"href":2979},[15,3604,2982],{},[161,3606,3607],{},[421,3608,3609,1461],{"href":2397},[15,3610,2400],{},[161,3612,3613],{},[421,3614,3615],{"href":3059},"How to convert a string to an int in Python",[161,3617,3618],{},[421,3619,2517],{"href":2516},[2018,3621,3622],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":3624},[3625,3626,3627,3628,3629,3630,3636,3642,3643,3650],{"id":2104,"depth":86,"text":2105},{"id":2198,"depth":86,"text":2199},{"id":180,"depth":86,"text":181},{"id":2404,"depth":86,"text":2405},{"id":2520,"depth":86,"text":2521},{"id":2625,"depth":86,"text":2626,"children":3631},[3632,3633,3634,3635],{"id":2634,"depth":108,"text":2635},{"id":2735,"depth":108,"text":2736},{"id":2784,"depth":108,"text":2785},{"id":2851,"depth":108,"text":2852},{"id":1742,"depth":86,"text":1743,"children":3637},[3638,3639,3640,3641],{"id":2930,"depth":108,"text":2931},{"id":3063,"depth":108,"text":3064},{"id":3103,"depth":108,"text":3104},{"id":3222,"depth":108,"text":3223},{"id":3273,"depth":86,"text":3274},{"id":1912,"depth":86,"text":1913,"children":3644},[3645,3646,3647,3648,3649],{"id":3547,"depth":108,"text":3548},{"id":3554,"depth":108,"text":3555},{"id":3561,"depth":108,"text":3562},{"id":3568,"depth":108,"text":3569},{"id":3584,"depth":108,"text":3585},{"id":1974,"depth":86,"text":1975},"Master python abs function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained",{"title":2073,"description":3651},"reference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained","xZAUASskbMCeUoHg_mObxnwl-ISSbujkBvQOGfQBzh4",{"id":3658,"title":3659,"body":3660,"description":5350,"extension":2064,"meta":5351,"navigation":111,"path":5352,"seo":5353,"stem":5354,"__hash__":5355},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained.md","Python all() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":3661,"toc":5314},[3662,3668,3674,3677,3693,3695,3748,3757,3762,3766,3785,3788,3804,3807,3811,3819,3837,3840,3879,3882,3889,3895,3971,3973,4004,4010,4014,4018,4057,4059,4068,4075,4079,4118,4120,4129,4139,4143,4194,4196,4204,4207,4210,4257,4259,4267,4273,4280,4285,4288,4291,4358,4360,4368,4371,4438,4440,4448,4462,4465,4477,4481,4487,4490,4492,4508,4510,4518,4521,4524,4527,4544,4547,4550,4580,4582,4595,4599,4603,4606,4621,4626,4629,4656,4662,4665,4704,4711,4717,4725,4728,4780,4786,4851,4856,4865,4868,4886,4892,4895,5037,5043,5048,5051,5062,5065,5121,5123,5131,5134,5193,5195,5203,5206,5217,5219,5225,5234,5242,5245,5252,5255,5264,5277,5279,5311],[10,3663,13,3665,18],{"id":3664},"python-all-function-explained",[15,3666,3667],{},"all()",[20,3669,3670,3671,3673],{},"Python’s ",[15,3672,3667],{}," function checks whether every item in an iterable is truthy.",[20,3675,3676],{},"It is a small function, but it causes a lot of beginner confusion because:",[158,3678,3679,3682,3685],{},[161,3680,3681],{},"it works with truthy and falsy values",[161,3683,3684],{},"it takes one iterable argument",[161,3686,3687,2494,3690,3692],{},[15,3688,3689],{},"all([])",[15,3691,247],{},", which often seems strange at first",[36,3694,39],{"id":38},[41,3696,3698],{"className":43,"code":3697,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(numbers)\nprint(result)  # True\n",[15,3699,3700,3720,3735],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,3701,3702,3704,3706,3708,3710,3712,3714,3716,3718],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,3703,57],{"class":56},[50,3705,61],{"class":60},[50,3707,65],{"class":64},[50,3709,366],{"class":68},[50,3711,72],{"class":64},[50,3713,80],{"class":68},[50,3715,72],{"class":64},[50,3717,500],{"class":68},[50,3719,83],{"class":64},[50,3721,3722,3724,3726,3729,3731,3733],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,3723,89],{"class":56},[50,3725,61],{"class":60},[50,3727,3728],{"class":94}," all",[50,3730,98],{"class":64},[50,3732,102],{"class":101},[50,3734,105],{"class":64},[50,3736,3737,3739,3741,3743,3745],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,3738,118],{"class":94},[50,3740,98],{"class":64},[50,3742,123],{"class":101},[50,3744,126],{"class":64},[50,3746,3747],{"class":129},"  # True\n",[20,3749,3750,2494,3752,3754,3755,425],{},[15,3751,3667],{},[15,3753,247],{}," only if every item in the iterable is truthy. If even one item is falsy, it returns ",[15,3756,218],{},[36,3758,153,3760,156],{"id":3759},"what-all-does",[15,3761,3667],{},[20,3763,3764,819],{},[15,3765,3667],{},[158,3767,3768,3771,3777,3782],{},[161,3769,3770],{},"checks every item in an iterable",[161,3772,3773,3774,3776],{},"returns ",[15,3775,247],{}," if all items are truthy",[161,3778,3773,3779,3781],{},[15,3780,218],{}," if any item is falsy",[161,3783,3784],{},"works with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterables",[20,3786,3787],{},"Basic syntax:",[41,3789,3791],{"className":43,"code":3790,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"all(iterable)\n",[15,3792,3793],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,3794,3795,3798,3800,3802],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,3796,3797],{"class":94},"all",[50,3799,98],{"class":64},[50,3801,196],{"class":101},[50,3803,105],{"class":64},[20,3805,3806],{},"The argument must be a single iterable, not several separate values.",[36,3808,3810],{"id":3809},"what-truthy-and-falsy-mean","What truthy and falsy mean",[20,3812,3813,3814,2976,3816,3818],{},"In Python, values are often treated as either ",[15,3815,247],{},[15,3817,218],{}," in conditions.",[158,3820,3821,3830],{},[161,3822,3823,3827,3828],{},[3824,3825,3826],"strong",{},"Truthy"," values act like ",[15,3829,247],{},[161,3831,3832,3827,3835],{},[3824,3833,3834],{},"Falsy",[15,3836,218],{},[20,3838,3839],{},"Common falsy values include:",[158,3841,3842,3846,3851,3856,3860,3864,3869,3874],{},[161,3843,3844],{},[15,3845,2220],{},[161,3847,3848],{},[15,3849,3850],{},"0.0",[161,3852,3853],{},[15,3854,3855],{},"''",[161,3857,3858],{},[15,3859,208],{},[161,3861,3862],{},[15,3863,218],{},[161,3865,3866],{},[15,3867,3868],{},"[]",[161,3870,3871],{},[15,3872,3873],{},"{}",[161,3875,3876],{},[15,3877,3878],{},"set()",[20,3880,3881],{},"Most other values are truthy.",[20,3883,3884,3885,425],{},"If you are new to this idea, see ",[421,3886,3888],{"href":3887},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false","Python booleans explained: true and false",[20,3890,3891,3892,819],{},"You can test this with ",[15,3893,3894],{},"bool()",[41,3896,3898],{"className":43,"code":3897,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"values = [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]\n\nprint([bool(x) for x in values])\n",[15,3899,3900,3936,3940],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,3901,3902,3904,3906,3908,3910,3912,3915,3917,3920,3922,3924,3927,3929,3931,3934],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,3903,516],{"class":56},[50,3905,61],{"class":60},[50,3907,65],{"class":64},[50,3909,366],{"class":68},[50,3911,72],{"class":64},[50,3913,3914],{"class":68}," 0",[50,3916,72],{"class":64},[50,3918,3919],{"class":604}," ''",[50,3921,72],{"class":64},[50,3923,605],{"class":604},[50,3925,3926],{"class":608},"hello",[50,3928,611],{"class":604},[50,3930,72],{"class":64},[50,3932,3933],{"class":207}," None",[50,3935,83],{"class":64},[50,3937,3938],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,3939,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,3941,3942,3944,3946,3949,3951,3953,3955,3959,3962,3965,3968],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,3943,118],{"class":94},[50,3945,1792],{"class":64},[50,3947,3948],{"class":557},"bool",[50,3950,98],{"class":64},[50,3952,2273],{"class":101},[50,3954,126],{"class":64},[50,3956,3958],{"class":3957},"sVHd0"," for",[50,3960,3961],{"class":101}," x ",[50,3963,3964],{"class":3957},"in",[50,3966,3967],{"class":101}," values",[50,3969,3970],{"class":64},"])\n",[20,3972,353],{},[41,3974,3976],{"className":43,"code":3975,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[True, False, False, True, False]\n",[15,3977,3978],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,3979,3980,3982,3984,3986,3989,3991,3993,3995,3998,4000,4002],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,3981,363],{"class":64},[50,3983,247],{"class":207},[50,3985,72],{"class":64},[50,3987,3988],{"class":207}," False",[50,3990,72],{"class":64},[50,3992,3988],{"class":207},[50,3994,72],{"class":64},[50,3996,3997],{"class":207}," True",[50,3999,72],{"class":64},[50,4001,3988],{"class":207},[50,4003,83],{"class":64},[20,4005,4006,4007,4009],{},"This matters because ",[15,4008,3667],{}," does not compare values. It checks whether each value is truthy.",[36,4011,4013],{"id":4012},"basic-examples","Basic examples",[222,4015,4017],{"id":4016},"example-all-numbers-are-non-zero","Example: all numbers are non-zero",[41,4019,4021],{"className":43,"code":4020,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4022,4023,4043],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,4024,4025,4027,4029,4031,4033,4035,4037,4039,4041],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,4026,57],{"class":56},[50,4028,61],{"class":60},[50,4030,65],{"class":64},[50,4032,366],{"class":68},[50,4034,72],{"class":64},[50,4036,80],{"class":68},[50,4038,72],{"class":64},[50,4040,500],{"class":68},[50,4042,83],{"class":64},[50,4044,4045,4047,4049,4051,4053,4055],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,4046,118],{"class":94},[50,4048,98],{"class":64},[50,4050,3797],{"class":94},[50,4052,98],{"class":64},[50,4054,102],{"class":101},[50,4056,478],{"class":64},[20,4058,353],{},[41,4060,4062],{"className":43,"code":4061,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"True\n",[15,4063,4064],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,4065,4066],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,4067,4061],{"class":207},[20,4069,4070,4071,2494,4073,425],{},"Each number is truthy, so ",[15,4072,3667],{},[15,4074,247],{},[222,4076,4078],{"id":4077},"example-one-number-is-zero","Example: one number is zero",[41,4080,4082],{"className":43,"code":4081,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 0, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4083,4084,4104],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,4085,4086,4088,4090,4092,4094,4096,4098,4100,4102],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,4087,57],{"class":56},[50,4089,61],{"class":60},[50,4091,65],{"class":64},[50,4093,366],{"class":68},[50,4095,72],{"class":64},[50,4097,3914],{"class":68},[50,4099,72],{"class":64},[50,4101,500],{"class":68},[50,4103,83],{"class":64},[50,4105,4106,4108,4110,4112,4114,4116],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,4107,118],{"class":94},[50,4109,98],{"class":64},[50,4111,3797],{"class":94},[50,4113,98],{"class":64},[50,4115,102],{"class":101},[50,4117,478],{"class":64},[20,4119,353],{},[41,4121,4123],{"className":43,"code":4122,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"False\n",[15,4124,4125],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,4126,4127],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,4128,4122],{"class":207},[20,4130,4131,4132,4134,4135,2494,4137,425],{},"The value ",[15,4133,2220],{}," is falsy, so ",[15,4136,3667],{},[15,4138,218],{},[222,4140,4142],{"id":4141},"example-strings","Example: strings",[41,4144,4146],{"className":43,"code":4145,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,4147,4148,4180],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,4149,4150,4152,4154,4156,4158,4160,4162,4164,4166,4168,4170,4172,4174,4176,4178],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,4151,1040],{"class":56},[50,4153,61],{"class":60},[50,4155,65],{"class":64},[50,4157,611],{"class":604},[50,4159,1049],{"class":608},[50,4161,611],{"class":604},[50,4163,72],{"class":64},[50,4165,605],{"class":604},[50,4167,1058],{"class":608},[50,4169,611],{"class":604},[50,4171,72],{"class":64},[50,4173,605],{"class":604},[50,4175,1067],{"class":608},[50,4177,611],{"class":604},[50,4179,83],{"class":64},[50,4181,4182,4184,4186,4188,4190,4192],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,4183,118],{"class":94},[50,4185,98],{"class":64},[50,4187,3797],{"class":94},[50,4189,98],{"class":64},[50,4191,1088],{"class":101},[50,4193,478],{"class":64},[20,4195,353],{},[41,4197,4198],{"className":43,"code":4061,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,4199,4200],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,4201,4202],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,4203,4061],{"class":207},[20,4205,4206],{},"All strings are non-empty, so they are truthy.",[20,4208,4209],{},"Now look at a list with an empty string:",[41,4211,4213],{"className":43,"code":4212,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = ['apple', '', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,4214,4215,4243],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,4216,4217,4219,4221,4223,4225,4227,4229,4231,4233,4235,4237,4239,4241],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,4218,1040],{"class":56},[50,4220,61],{"class":60},[50,4222,65],{"class":64},[50,4224,611],{"class":604},[50,4226,1049],{"class":608},[50,4228,611],{"class":604},[50,4230,72],{"class":64},[50,4232,3919],{"class":604},[50,4234,72],{"class":64},[50,4236,605],{"class":604},[50,4238,1067],{"class":608},[50,4240,611],{"class":604},[50,4242,83],{"class":64},[50,4244,4245,4247,4249,4251,4253,4255],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,4246,118],{"class":94},[50,4248,98],{"class":64},[50,4250,3797],{"class":94},[50,4252,98],{"class":64},[50,4254,1088],{"class":101},[50,4256,478],{"class":64},[20,4258,353],{},[41,4260,4261],{"className":43,"code":4122,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,4262,4263],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,4264,4265],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,4266,4122],{"class":207},[20,4268,4269,4270,4272],{},"The empty string ",[15,4271,3855],{}," is falsy.",[36,4274,4276,4277,4279],{"id":4275},"how-all-works-with-conditions","How ",[15,4278,3667],{}," works with conditions",[20,4281,4282,4284],{},[15,4283,3667],{}," is often used with a generator expression.",[20,4286,4287],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether every item matches a rule.",[20,4289,4290],{},"For example, to check whether all numbers are positive:",[41,4292,4294],{"className":43,"code":4293,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,4295,4296,4316,4344,4348],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,4297,4298,4300,4302,4304,4306,4308,4310,4312,4314],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,4299,57],{"class":56},[50,4301,61],{"class":60},[50,4303,65],{"class":64},[50,4305,366],{"class":68},[50,4307,72],{"class":64},[50,4309,80],{"class":68},[50,4311,72],{"class":64},[50,4313,500],{"class":68},[50,4315,83],{"class":64},[50,4317,4318,4320,4322,4324,4326,4328,4331,4333,4335,4337,4339,4342],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,4319,89],{"class":56},[50,4321,61],{"class":60},[50,4323,3728],{"class":94},[50,4325,98],{"class":64},[50,4327,3119],{"class":101},[50,4329,4330],{"class":60},">",[50,4332,3914],{"class":68},[50,4334,3958],{"class":3957},[50,4336,3961],{"class":101},[50,4338,3964],{"class":3957},[50,4340,4341],{"class":101}," numbers",[50,4343,105],{"class":64},[50,4345,4346],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,4347,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,4349,4350,4352,4354,4356],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,4351,118],{"class":94},[50,4353,98],{"class":64},[50,4355,123],{"class":101},[50,4357,105],{"class":64},[20,4359,353],{},[41,4361,4362],{"className":43,"code":4061,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,4363,4364],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,4365,4366],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,4367,4061],{"class":207},[20,4369,4370],{},"Here is one that fails:",[41,4372,4374],{"className":43,"code":4373,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, -2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,4375,4376,4398,4424,4428],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,4377,4378,4380,4382,4384,4386,4388,4390,4392,4394,4396],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,4379,57],{"class":56},[50,4381,61],{"class":60},[50,4383,65],{"class":64},[50,4385,366],{"class":68},[50,4387,72],{"class":64},[50,4389,2321],{"class":60},[50,4391,1564],{"class":68},[50,4393,72],{"class":64},[50,4395,500],{"class":68},[50,4397,83],{"class":64},[50,4399,4400,4402,4404,4406,4408,4410,4412,4414,4416,4418,4420,4422],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,4401,89],{"class":56},[50,4403,61],{"class":60},[50,4405,3728],{"class":94},[50,4407,98],{"class":64},[50,4409,3119],{"class":101},[50,4411,4330],{"class":60},[50,4413,3914],{"class":68},[50,4415,3958],{"class":3957},[50,4417,3961],{"class":101},[50,4419,3964],{"class":3957},[50,4421,4341],{"class":101},[50,4423,105],{"class":64},[50,4425,4426],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,4427,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,4429,4430,4432,4434,4436],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,4431,118],{"class":94},[50,4433,98],{"class":64},[50,4435,123],{"class":101},[50,4437,105],{"class":64},[20,4439,353],{},[41,4441,4442],{"className":43,"code":4122,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,4443,4444],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,4445,4446],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,4447,4122],{"class":207},[20,4449,4450,4451,4454,4455,4457,4458,2494,4460,425],{},"The expression ",[15,4452,4453],{},"x > 0"," is checked for each number. If every check is ",[15,4456,247],{},", then ",[15,4459,3667],{},[15,4461,247],{},[20,4463,4464],{},"This pattern keeps code short and readable.",[20,4466,4467,4468,4472,4473,425],{},"If you want more practice with this style, see ",[421,4469,4471],{"href":4470},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-list-comprehensions-in-python","how to use list comprehensions in Python"," and ",[421,4474,4476],{"href":4475},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-an-iterable-in-python","what is an iterable in Python",[36,4478,4480],{"id":4479},"empty-iterable-behavior","Empty iterable behavior",[20,4482,4483,2494,4485,425],{},[15,4484,3689],{},[15,4486,247],{},[20,4488,4489],{},"This surprises many beginners.",[20,4491,1602],{},[41,4493,4495],{"className":43,"code":4494,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(all([]))\n",[15,4496,4497],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,4498,4499,4501,4503,4505],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,4500,118],{"class":94},[50,4502,98],{"class":64},[50,4504,3797],{"class":94},[50,4506,4507],{"class":64},"([]))\n",[20,4509,353],{},[41,4511,4512],{"className":43,"code":4061,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,4513,4514],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,4515,4516],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,4517,4061],{"class":207},[20,4519,4520],{},"Why?",[20,4522,4523],{},"Because there is no item in the iterable that fails the test.",[20,4525,4526],{},"Think of it this way:",[158,4528,4529,4536,4539],{},[161,4530,4531,2494,4533,4535],{},[15,4532,3667],{},[15,4534,218],{}," when it finds a falsy item",[161,4537,4538],{},"an empty iterable has no items at all",[161,4540,4541,4542],{},"so there is nothing that makes it return ",[15,4543,218],{},[20,4545,4546],{},"This is normal Python behavior, even if it feels odd at first.",[20,4548,4549],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables too:",[41,4551,4553],{"className":43,"code":4552,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(all(()))\nprint(all(''))\n",[15,4554,4555,4566],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,4556,4557,4559,4561,4563],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,4558,118],{"class":94},[50,4560,98],{"class":64},[50,4562,3797],{"class":94},[50,4564,4565],{"class":64},"(()))\n",[50,4567,4568,4570,4572,4574,4576,4578],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,4569,118],{"class":94},[50,4571,98],{"class":64},[50,4573,3797],{"class":94},[50,4575,98],{"class":64},[50,4577,3855],{"class":604},[50,4579,478],{"class":64},[20,4581,353],{},[41,4583,4585],{"className":43,"code":4584,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"True\nTrue\n",[15,4586,4587,4591],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,4588,4589],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,4590,4061],{"class":207},[50,4592,4593],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,4594,4061],{"class":207},[36,4596,4598],{"id":4597},"common-beginner-mistakes","Common beginner mistakes",[222,4600,4602],{"id":4601},"passing-multiple-arguments","Passing multiple arguments",[20,4604,4605],{},"This is wrong:",[41,4607,4609],{"className":43,"code":4608,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"# Wrong\n# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[15,4610,4611,4616],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,4612,4613],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,4614,4615],{"class":129},"# Wrong\n",[50,4617,4618],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,4619,4620],{"class":129},"# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[20,4622,4623,4625],{},[15,4624,3667],{}," does not take multiple separate values.",[20,4627,4628],{},"Use one iterable instead:",[41,4630,4632],{"className":43,"code":4631,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,4633,4634],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,4635,4636,4638,4640,4642,4644,4646,4648,4650,4652,4654],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,4637,118],{"class":94},[50,4639,98],{"class":64},[50,4641,3797],{"class":94},[50,4643,1792],{"class":64},[50,4645,366],{"class":68},[50,4647,72],{"class":64},[50,4649,80],{"class":68},[50,4651,72],{"class":64},[50,4653,500],{"class":68},[50,4655,1805],{"class":64},[222,4657,1748,4659,4661],{"id":4658},"assuming-all-compares-values-automatically",[15,4660,3667],{}," compares values automatically",[20,4663,4664],{},"Some beginners expect this:",[41,4666,4668],{"className":43,"code":4667,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4669,4670,4690],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,4671,4672,4674,4676,4678,4680,4682,4684,4686,4688],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,4673,57],{"class":56},[50,4675,61],{"class":60},[50,4677,65],{"class":64},[50,4679,290],{"class":68},[50,4681,72],{"class":64},[50,4683,375],{"class":68},[50,4685,72],{"class":64},[50,4687,375],{"class":68},[50,4689,83],{"class":64},[50,4691,4692,4694,4696,4698,4700,4702],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,4693,118],{"class":94},[50,4695,98],{"class":64},[50,4697,3797],{"class":94},[50,4699,98],{"class":64},[50,4701,102],{"class":101},[50,4703,478],{"class":64},[20,4705,4706,4707,4710],{},"This does ",[3824,4708,4709],{},"not"," check whether all values are equal.",[20,4712,4713,4714,4716],{},"It only checks whether all values are truthy. Since ",[15,4715,290],{}," is truthy, the result is:",[41,4718,4719],{"className":43,"code":4061,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,4720,4721],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,4722,4723],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,4724,4061],{"class":207},[20,4726,4727],{},"If you want to check whether all values are equal, you need a condition:",[41,4729,4731],{"className":43,"code":4730,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(x == 5 for x in numbers))\n",[15,4732,4733,4753],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,4734,4735,4737,4739,4741,4743,4745,4747,4749,4751],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,4736,57],{"class":56},[50,4738,61],{"class":60},[50,4740,65],{"class":64},[50,4742,290],{"class":68},[50,4744,72],{"class":64},[50,4746,375],{"class":68},[50,4748,72],{"class":64},[50,4750,375],{"class":68},[50,4752,83],{"class":64},[50,4754,4755,4757,4759,4761,4763,4765,4768,4770,4772,4774,4776,4778],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,4756,118],{"class":94},[50,4758,98],{"class":64},[50,4760,3797],{"class":94},[50,4762,98],{"class":64},[50,4764,3119],{"class":101},[50,4766,4767],{"class":60},"==",[50,4769,375],{"class":68},[50,4771,3958],{"class":3957},[50,4773,3961],{"class":101},[50,4775,3964],{"class":3957},[50,4777,4341],{"class":101},[50,4779,478],{"class":64},[222,4781,1756,4783,4785],{"id":4782},"forgetting-that-0-and-empty-strings-are-falsy",[15,4784,2220],{}," and empty strings are falsy",[41,4787,4789],{"className":43,"code":4788,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(all([1, 2, 0]))       # False\nprint(all(['a', 'b', '']))  # False\n",[15,4790,4791,4817],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,4792,4793,4795,4797,4799,4801,4803,4805,4807,4809,4811,4814],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,4794,118],{"class":94},[50,4796,98],{"class":64},[50,4798,3797],{"class":94},[50,4800,1792],{"class":64},[50,4802,366],{"class":68},[50,4804,72],{"class":64},[50,4806,80],{"class":68},[50,4808,72],{"class":64},[50,4810,3914],{"class":68},[50,4812,4813],{"class":64},"]))",[50,4815,4816],{"class":129},"       # False\n",[50,4818,4819,4821,4823,4825,4827,4829,4831,4833,4835,4837,4840,4842,4844,4846,4848],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,4820,118],{"class":94},[50,4822,98],{"class":64},[50,4824,3797],{"class":94},[50,4826,1792],{"class":64},[50,4828,611],{"class":604},[50,4830,421],{"class":608},[50,4832,611],{"class":604},[50,4834,72],{"class":64},[50,4836,605],{"class":604},[50,4838,4839],{"class":608},"b",[50,4841,611],{"class":604},[50,4843,72],{"class":64},[50,4845,3919],{"class":604},[50,4847,4813],{"class":64},[50,4849,4850],{"class":129},"  # False\n",[20,4852,4853,4854,425],{},"A single falsy value makes the whole result ",[15,4855,218],{},[222,4857,4859,4860,4862,4863],{"id":4858},"not-understanding-why-all-is-true","Not understanding why ",[15,4861,3689],{}," is ",[15,4864,247],{},[20,4866,4867],{},"This is expected behavior:",[41,4869,4871],{"className":43,"code":4870,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(all([]))  # True\n",[15,4872,4873],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,4874,4875,4877,4879,4881,4884],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,4876,118],{"class":94},[50,4878,98],{"class":64},[50,4880,3797],{"class":94},[50,4882,4883],{"class":64},"([]))",[50,4885,3747],{"class":129},[20,4887,4888,4889,4891],{},"It does not mean the list contains ",[15,4890,247],{},". It means there is no item that fails the check.",[20,4893,4894],{},"Useful quick tests:",[41,4896,4898],{"className":43,"code":4897,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([1, 0, 3]))\nprint([bool(x) for x in [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]])\nprint(all(x > 0 for x in [1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([]))\n",[15,4899,4900,4922,4944,4991,5027],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,4901,4902,4904,4906,4908,4910,4912,4914,4916,4918,4920],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,4903,118],{"class":94},[50,4905,98],{"class":64},[50,4907,3797],{"class":94},[50,4909,1792],{"class":64},[50,4911,366],{"class":68},[50,4913,72],{"class":64},[50,4915,80],{"class":68},[50,4917,72],{"class":64},[50,4919,500],{"class":68},[50,4921,1805],{"class":64},[50,4923,4924,4926,4928,4930,4932,4934,4936,4938,4940,4942],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,4925,118],{"class":94},[50,4927,98],{"class":64},[50,4929,3797],{"class":94},[50,4931,1792],{"class":64},[50,4933,366],{"class":68},[50,4935,72],{"class":64},[50,4937,3914],{"class":68},[50,4939,72],{"class":64},[50,4941,500],{"class":68},[50,4943,1805],{"class":64},[50,4945,4946,4948,4950,4952,4954,4956,4958,4960,4962,4964,4966,4968,4970,4972,4974,4976,4978,4980,4982,4984,4986,4988],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,4947,118],{"class":94},[50,4949,1792],{"class":64},[50,4951,3948],{"class":557},[50,4953,98],{"class":64},[50,4955,2273],{"class":101},[50,4957,126],{"class":64},[50,4959,3958],{"class":3957},[50,4961,3961],{"class":101},[50,4963,3964],{"class":3957},[50,4965,65],{"class":64},[50,4967,366],{"class":68},[50,4969,72],{"class":64},[50,4971,3914],{"class":68},[50,4973,72],{"class":64},[50,4975,3919],{"class":604},[50,4977,72],{"class":64},[50,4979,605],{"class":604},[50,4981,3926],{"class":608},[50,4983,611],{"class":604},[50,4985,72],{"class":64},[50,4987,3933],{"class":207},[50,4989,4990],{"class":64},"]])\n",[50,4992,4993,4995,4997,4999,5001,5003,5005,5007,5009,5011,5013,5015,5017,5019,5021,5023,5025],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,4994,118],{"class":94},[50,4996,98],{"class":64},[50,4998,3797],{"class":94},[50,5000,98],{"class":64},[50,5002,3119],{"class":101},[50,5004,4330],{"class":60},[50,5006,3914],{"class":68},[50,5008,3958],{"class":3957},[50,5010,3961],{"class":101},[50,5012,3964],{"class":3957},[50,5014,65],{"class":64},[50,5016,366],{"class":68},[50,5018,72],{"class":64},[50,5020,80],{"class":68},[50,5022,72],{"class":64},[50,5024,500],{"class":68},[50,5026,1805],{"class":64},[50,5028,5029,5031,5033,5035],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,5030,118],{"class":94},[50,5032,98],{"class":64},[50,5034,3797],{"class":94},[50,5036,4507],{"class":64},[36,5038,5040,5041],{"id":5039},"when-to-use-all","When to use ",[15,5042,3667],{},[20,5044,5045,5047],{},[15,5046,3667],{}," is useful when you want to check that every item passes a simple test.",[20,5049,5050],{},"Common use cases:",[158,5052,5053,5056,5059],{},[161,5054,5055],{},"check if every string in a list is non-empty",[161,5057,5058],{},"validate that all numbers meet a condition",[161,5060,5061],{},"make sure all values are valid before processing data",[20,5063,5064],{},"Example: check that every name is non-empty",[41,5066,5068],{"className":43,"code":5067,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"names = ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\nprint(all(names))\n",[15,5069,5070,5106],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,5071,5072,5075,5077,5079,5081,5084,5086,5088,5090,5093,5095,5097,5099,5102,5104],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,5073,5074],{"class":56},"names ",[50,5076,61],{"class":60},[50,5078,65],{"class":64},[50,5080,611],{"class":604},[50,5082,5083],{"class":608},"Alice",[50,5085,611],{"class":604},[50,5087,72],{"class":64},[50,5089,605],{"class":604},[50,5091,5092],{"class":608},"Bob",[50,5094,611],{"class":604},[50,5096,72],{"class":64},[50,5098,605],{"class":604},[50,5100,5101],{"class":608},"Charlie",[50,5103,611],{"class":604},[50,5105,83],{"class":64},[50,5107,5108,5110,5112,5114,5116,5119],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,5109,118],{"class":94},[50,5111,98],{"class":64},[50,5113,3797],{"class":94},[50,5115,98],{"class":64},[50,5117,5118],{"class":101},"names",[50,5120,478],{"class":64},[20,5122,353],{},[41,5124,5125],{"className":43,"code":4061,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,5126,5127],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,5128,5129],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,5130,4061],{"class":207},[20,5132,5133],{},"Example: check that every score is at least 50",[41,5135,5137],{"className":43,"code":5136,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"scores = [75, 80, 50]\nprint(all(score >= 50 for score in scores))\n",[15,5138,5139,5163],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,5140,5141,5144,5146,5148,5151,5153,5156,5158,5161],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,5142,5143],{"class":56},"scores ",[50,5145,61],{"class":60},[50,5147,65],{"class":64},[50,5149,5150],{"class":68},"75",[50,5152,72],{"class":64},[50,5154,5155],{"class":68}," 80",[50,5157,72],{"class":64},[50,5159,5160],{"class":68}," 50",[50,5162,83],{"class":64},[50,5164,5165,5167,5169,5171,5173,5176,5179,5181,5183,5186,5188,5191],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,5166,118],{"class":94},[50,5168,98],{"class":64},[50,5170,3797],{"class":94},[50,5172,98],{"class":64},[50,5174,5175],{"class":101},"score ",[50,5177,5178],{"class":60},">=",[50,5180,5160],{"class":68},[50,5182,3958],{"class":3957},[50,5184,5185],{"class":101}," score ",[50,5187,3964],{"class":3957},[50,5189,5190],{"class":101}," scores",[50,5192,478],{"class":64},[20,5194,353],{},[41,5196,5197],{"className":43,"code":4061,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,5198,5199],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,5200,5201],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,5202,4061],{"class":207},[20,5204,5205],{},"If the logic becomes hard to read, a plain loop is often better for beginners.",[20,5207,5208,5209,4472,5213,425],{},"For related tasks, see ",[421,5210,5212],{"href":5211},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python","how to filter a list in Python",[421,5214,5216],{"href":5215},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained","iterators and iterable objects explained",[36,5218,1913],{"id":1912},[222,5220,1927,5222,5224],{"id":5221},"what-does-all-return-in-python",[15,5223,3667],{}," return in Python?",[20,5226,5227,5228,5230,5231,5233],{},"It returns ",[15,5229,247],{}," if every item in the iterable is truthy. It returns ",[15,5232,218],{}," if at least one item is falsy.",[222,5235,1963,5237,5239,5240,1943],{"id":5236},"why-does-all-return-true",[15,5238,3689],{}," return ",[15,5241,247],{},[20,5243,5244],{},"Because there are no items in the iterable that fail the test.",[222,5246,5248,5249,5251],{"id":5247},"can-all-take-multiple-values-directly","Can ",[15,5250,3667],{}," take multiple values directly?",[20,5253,5254],{},"No. It takes one iterable argument, such as a list or tuple.",[222,5256,5258,5259,4472,5261,1943],{"id":5257},"what-is-the-difference-between-all-and-any","What is the difference between ",[15,5260,3667],{},[15,5262,5263],{},"any()",[20,5265,5266,5268,5269,5271,5272,425],{},[15,5267,3667],{}," needs every item to be truthy. ",[15,5270,5263],{}," needs at least one item to be truthy. See ",[421,5273,13,5275,1461],{"href":5274},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained",[15,5276,5263],{},[36,5278,1975],{"id":1974},[158,5280,5281,5287,5291,5296,5301,5306],{},[161,5282,5283],{},[421,5284,13,5285,1461],{"href":5274},[15,5286,5263],{},[161,5288,5289],{},[421,5290,3888],{"href":3887},[161,5292,5293],{},[421,5294,5295],{"href":5215},"Iterators and iterable objects explained",[161,5297,5298],{},[421,5299,5300],{"href":5211},"How to filter a list in Python",[161,5302,5303],{},[421,5304,5305],{"href":4470},"How to use list comprehensions in Python",[161,5307,5308],{},[421,5309,5310],{"href":4475},"What is an iterable in Python",[2018,5312,5313],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":5315},[5316,5317,5319,5320,5325,5327,5328,5337,5339,5349],{"id":38,"depth":86,"text":39},{"id":3759,"depth":86,"text":5318},"What all() does",{"id":3809,"depth":86,"text":3810},{"id":4012,"depth":86,"text":4013,"children":5321},[5322,5323,5324],{"id":4016,"depth":108,"text":4017},{"id":4077,"depth":108,"text":4078},{"id":4141,"depth":108,"text":4142},{"id":4275,"depth":86,"text":5326},"How all() works with conditions",{"id":4479,"depth":86,"text":4480},{"id":4597,"depth":86,"text":4598,"children":5329},[5330,5331,5333,5335],{"id":4601,"depth":108,"text":4602},{"id":4658,"depth":108,"text":5332},"Assuming all() compares values automatically",{"id":4782,"depth":108,"text":5334},"Forgetting that 0 and empty strings are falsy",{"id":4858,"depth":108,"text":5336},"Not understanding why all([]) is True",{"id":5039,"depth":86,"text":5338},"When to use all()",{"id":1912,"depth":86,"text":1913,"children":5340},[5341,5343,5345,5347],{"id":5221,"depth":108,"text":5342},"What does all() return in Python?",{"id":5236,"depth":108,"text":5344},"Why does all([]) return True?",{"id":5247,"depth":108,"text":5346},"Can all() take multiple values directly?",{"id":5257,"depth":108,"text":5348},"What is the difference between all() and any()?",{"id":1974,"depth":86,"text":1975},"Master python all function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained",{"title":3659,"description":5350},"reference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained","INFNBux1C5bbGXXd7ksmaHdJKP1Sy8TpO9oKs-3BZC8",{"id":5357,"title":5358,"body":5359,"description":7046,"extension":2064,"meta":7047,"navigation":111,"path":5274,"seo":7048,"stem":7049,"__hash__":7050},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained.md","Python any() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":5360,"toc":7024},[5361,5364,5372,5375,5392,5400,5443,5452,5456,5461,5464,5481,5484,5495,5507,5511,5514,5529,5534,5537,5549,5552,5635,5638,5659,5665,5667,5675,5689,5691,5725,5727,5730,5791,5793,5810,5813,5840,5842,5850,5861,5865,5868,5907,5909,5917,5919,5935,5943,5946,5989,5991,5999,6004,6008,6016,6019,6046,6049,6052,6126,6128,6136,6143,6167,6178,6181,6260,6262,6270,6277,6281,6286,6301,6303,6311,6314,6320,6323,6368,6370,6387,6391,6396,6407,6410,6524,6527,6586,6592,6594,6599,6603,6605,6624,6630,6633,6652,6656,6665,6692,6694,6702,6710,6714,6720,6743,6745,6753,6760,6764,6767,6818,6821,6872,6875,6877,6881,6888,6892,6899,6903,6911,6915,6918,6940,6942,6992,6994,7021],[10,5362,5358],{"id":5363},"python-any-function-explained",[20,5365,5366,5368,5369,425],{},[15,5367,5263],{}," is a built-in Python function that checks an iterable and tells you whether ",[3824,5370,5371],{},"at least one item is truthy",[20,5373,5374],{},"You will usually use it with values like:",[158,5376,5377,5380,5383,5386,5389],{},[161,5378,5379],{},"lists",[161,5381,5382],{},"tuples",[161,5384,5385],{},"sets",[161,5387,5388],{},"strings",[161,5390,5391],{},"generator expressions",[20,5393,5394,5395,2976,5397,5399],{},"It is useful when you want a quick ",[15,5396,247],{},[15,5398,218],{}," answer without writing a full loop.",[41,5401,5403],{"className":43,"code":5402,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))  # True\n",[15,5404,5405,5425],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,5406,5407,5409,5411,5413,5415,5417,5419,5421,5423],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,5408,516],{"class":56},[50,5410,61],{"class":60},[50,5412,65],{"class":64},[50,5414,2220],{"class":68},[50,5416,72],{"class":64},[50,5418,3919],{"class":604},[50,5420,72],{"class":64},[50,5422,375],{"class":68},[50,5424,83],{"class":64},[50,5426,5427,5429,5431,5434,5436,5438,5441],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,5428,118],{"class":94},[50,5430,98],{"class":64},[50,5432,5433],{"class":94},"any",[50,5435,98],{"class":64},[50,5437,546],{"class":101},[50,5439,5440],{"class":64},"))",[50,5442,3747],{"class":129},[20,5444,920,5445,5448,5449,5451],{},[15,5446,5447],{},"any(iterable)"," when you want ",[15,5450,247],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy.",[36,5453,5455],{"id":5454},"what-any-does","What any() does",[20,5457,5458,5460],{},[15,5459,5263],{}," checks an iterable such as a list, tuple, set, or generator.",[20,5462,5463],{},"It returns:",[158,5465,5466,5471,5476],{},[161,5467,5468,5470],{},[15,5469,247],{}," if at least one item is truthy",[161,5472,5473,5475],{},[15,5474,218],{}," if all items are falsy",[161,5477,5478,5480],{},[15,5479,218],{}," if the iterable is empty",[20,5482,5483],{},"This makes it a good choice for simple checks like:",[158,5485,5486,5489,5492],{},[161,5487,5488],{},"\"Does this list contain at least one real value?\"",[161,5490,5491],{},"\"Does any number match this condition?\"",[161,5493,5494],{},"\"Is there at least one non-empty string?\"",[20,5496,5497,5498,5501,5502,425],{},"If you want the opposite behavior, where ",[3824,5499,5500],{},"every"," item must be truthy, see ",[421,5503,5505],{"href":5504},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained\u002F",[15,5506,3667],{},[36,5508,5510],{"id":5509},"syntax","Syntax",[20,5512,5513],{},"The syntax is simple:",[41,5515,5517],{"className":43,"code":5516,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"any(iterable)\n",[15,5518,5519],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,5520,5521,5523,5525,5527],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,5522,5433],{"class":94},[50,5524,98],{"class":64},[50,5526,196],{"class":101},[50,5528,105],{"class":64},[20,5530,5531,5532,425],{},"The argument must be an ",[3824,5533,196],{},[20,5535,5536],{},"Common inputs include:",[158,5538,5539,5541,5543,5545,5547],{},[161,5540,5379],{},[161,5542,5382],{},[161,5544,5385],{},[161,5546,5388],{},[161,5548,5391],{},[20,5550,5551],{},"For example:",[41,5553,5555],{"className":43,"code":5554,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(any([0, 0, 1]))\nprint(any((False, False)))\nprint(any({0, 2}))\nprint(any(\"hello\"))\n",[15,5556,5557,5579,5597,5617],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,5558,5559,5561,5563,5565,5567,5569,5571,5573,5575,5577],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,5560,118],{"class":94},[50,5562,98],{"class":64},[50,5564,5433],{"class":94},[50,5566,1792],{"class":64},[50,5568,2220],{"class":68},[50,5570,72],{"class":64},[50,5572,3914],{"class":68},[50,5574,72],{"class":64},[50,5576,75],{"class":68},[50,5578,1805],{"class":64},[50,5580,5581,5583,5585,5587,5589,5591,5593,5595],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,5582,118],{"class":94},[50,5584,98],{"class":64},[50,5586,5433],{"class":94},[50,5588,1820],{"class":64},[50,5590,218],{"class":207},[50,5592,72],{"class":64},[50,5594,3988],{"class":207},[50,5596,569],{"class":64},[50,5598,5599,5601,5603,5605,5608,5610,5612,5614],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,5600,118],{"class":94},[50,5602,98],{"class":64},[50,5604,5433],{"class":94},[50,5606,5607],{"class":64},"({",[50,5609,2220],{"class":68},[50,5611,72],{"class":64},[50,5613,80],{"class":68},[50,5615,5616],{"class":64},"}))\n",[50,5618,5619,5621,5623,5625,5627,5629,5631,5633],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,5620,118],{"class":94},[50,5622,98],{"class":64},[50,5624,5433],{"class":94},[50,5626,98],{"class":64},[50,5628,811],{"class":604},[50,5630,3926],{"class":608},[50,5632,811],{"class":604},[50,5634,478],{"class":64},[20,5636,5637],{},"Expected output:",[41,5639,5641],{"className":43,"code":5640,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"True\nFalse\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,5642,5643,5647,5651,5655],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,5644,5645],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,5646,4061],{"class":207},[50,5648,5649],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,5650,4122],{"class":207},[50,5652,5653],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,5654,4061],{"class":207},[50,5656,5657],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,5658,4061],{"class":207},[20,5660,5661,5662,425],{},"If you are not sure what an iterable is, read ",[421,5663,5216],{"href":5664},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained\u002F",[36,5666,3810],{"id":3809},[20,5668,3813,5669,2976,5672,3818],{},[3824,5670,5671],{},"truthy",[3824,5673,5674],{},"falsy",[158,5676,5677,5683],{},[161,5678,5679,3827,5681],{},[3824,5680,3826],{},[15,5682,247],{},[161,5684,5685,3827,5687],{},[3824,5686,3834],{},[15,5688,218],{},[20,5690,3839],{},[158,5692,5693,5697,5701,5705,5709,5713,5717,5721],{},[161,5694,5695],{},[15,5696,218],{},[161,5698,5699],{},[15,5700,2220],{},[161,5702,5703],{},[15,5704,3850],{},[161,5706,5707],{},[15,5708,3855],{},[161,5710,5711],{},[15,5712,3868],{},[161,5714,5715],{},[15,5716,3873],{},[161,5718,5719],{},[15,5720,3878],{},[161,5722,5723],{},[15,5724,208],{},[20,5726,3881],{},[20,5728,5729],{},"That means these values are truthy:",[41,5731,5733],{"className":43,"code":5732,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(any([1]))\nprint(any(['hello']))\nprint(any([[1, 2, 3]]))\n",[15,5734,5735,5749,5767],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,5736,5737,5739,5741,5743,5745,5747],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,5738,118],{"class":94},[50,5740,98],{"class":64},[50,5742,5433],{"class":94},[50,5744,1792],{"class":64},[50,5746,366],{"class":68},[50,5748,1805],{"class":64},[50,5750,5751,5753,5755,5757,5759,5761,5763,5765],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,5752,118],{"class":94},[50,5754,98],{"class":64},[50,5756,5433],{"class":94},[50,5758,1792],{"class":64},[50,5760,611],{"class":604},[50,5762,3926],{"class":608},[50,5764,611],{"class":604},[50,5766,1805],{"class":64},[50,5768,5769,5771,5773,5775,5778,5780,5782,5784,5786,5788],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,5770,118],{"class":94},[50,5772,98],{"class":64},[50,5774,5433],{"class":94},[50,5776,5777],{"class":64},"([[",[50,5779,366],{"class":68},[50,5781,72],{"class":64},[50,5783,80],{"class":68},[50,5785,72],{"class":64},[50,5787,500],{"class":68},[50,5789,5790],{"class":64},"]]))\n",[20,5792,5637],{},[41,5794,5796],{"className":43,"code":5795,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"True\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,5797,5798,5802,5806],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,5799,5800],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,5801,4061],{"class":207},[50,5803,5804],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,5805,4061],{"class":207},[50,5807,5808],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,5809,4061],{"class":207},[20,5811,5812],{},"And these are all falsy:",[41,5814,5816],{"className":43,"code":5815,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(any([0, '', None]))\n",[15,5817,5818],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,5819,5820,5822,5824,5826,5828,5830,5832,5834,5836,5838],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,5821,118],{"class":94},[50,5823,98],{"class":64},[50,5825,5433],{"class":94},[50,5827,1792],{"class":64},[50,5829,2220],{"class":68},[50,5831,72],{"class":64},[50,5833,3919],{"class":604},[50,5835,72],{"class":64},[50,5837,3933],{"class":207},[50,5839,1805],{"class":64},[20,5841,5637],{},[41,5843,5844],{"className":43,"code":4122,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,5845,5846],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,5847,5848],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,5849,4122],{"class":207},[20,5851,5852,5853,4472,5856,425],{},"If you want to understand this more clearly, see ",[421,5854,3888],{"href":5855},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false\u002F",[421,5857,5859,1523],{"href":5858},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained\u002F",[15,5860,3894],{},[36,5862,5864],{"id":5863},"basic-example","Basic example",[20,5866,5867],{},"Here is a simple example with one truthy value:",[41,5869,5871],{"className":43,"code":5870,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,5872,5873,5893],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,5874,5875,5877,5879,5881,5883,5885,5887,5889,5891],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,5876,516],{"class":56},[50,5878,61],{"class":60},[50,5880,65],{"class":64},[50,5882,2220],{"class":68},[50,5884,72],{"class":64},[50,5886,3919],{"class":604},[50,5888,72],{"class":64},[50,5890,375],{"class":68},[50,5892,83],{"class":64},[50,5894,5895,5897,5899,5901,5903,5905],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,5896,118],{"class":94},[50,5898,98],{"class":64},[50,5900,5433],{"class":94},[50,5902,98],{"class":64},[50,5904,546],{"class":101},[50,5906,478],{"class":64},[20,5908,353],{},[41,5910,5911],{"className":43,"code":4061,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,5912,5913],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,5914,5915],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,5916,4061],{"class":207},[20,5918,4520],{},[158,5920,5921,5926,5930],{},[161,5922,5923,5925],{},[15,5924,2220],{}," is falsy",[161,5927,5928,5925],{},[15,5929,3855],{},[161,5931,5932,5934],{},[15,5933,290],{}," is truthy",[20,5936,5937,5938,2494,5941,425],{},"Since at least one item is truthy, ",[15,5939,5940],{},"any(values)",[15,5942,247],{},[20,5944,5945],{},"Now look at a list where every item is falsy:",[41,5947,5949],{"className":43,"code":5948,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"values = [0, '', None, False]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,5950,5951,5975],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,5952,5953,5955,5957,5959,5961,5963,5965,5967,5969,5971,5973],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,5954,516],{"class":56},[50,5956,61],{"class":60},[50,5958,65],{"class":64},[50,5960,2220],{"class":68},[50,5962,72],{"class":64},[50,5964,3919],{"class":604},[50,5966,72],{"class":64},[50,5968,3933],{"class":207},[50,5970,72],{"class":64},[50,5972,3988],{"class":207},[50,5974,83],{"class":64},[50,5976,5977,5979,5981,5983,5985,5987],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,5978,118],{"class":94},[50,5980,98],{"class":64},[50,5982,5433],{"class":94},[50,5984,98],{"class":64},[50,5986,546],{"class":101},[50,5988,478],{"class":64},[20,5990,353],{},[41,5992,5993],{"className":43,"code":4122,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,5994,5995],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,5996,5997],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,5998,4122],{"class":207},[20,6000,6001,6002,425],{},"Here, none of the items are truthy, so the result is ",[15,6003,218],{},[36,6005,6007],{"id":6006},"using-any-with-conditions","Using any() with conditions",[20,6009,6010,6012,6013,425],{},[15,6011,5263],{}," is often used with a ",[3824,6014,6015],{},"generator expression",[20,6017,6018],{},"This is a common pattern:",[41,6020,6022],{"className":43,"code":6021,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"any(condition for item in items)\n",[15,6023,6024],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,6025,6026,6028,6030,6033,6036,6039,6041,6044],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,6027,5433],{"class":94},[50,6029,98],{"class":64},[50,6031,6032],{"class":101},"condition ",[50,6034,6035],{"class":3957},"for",[50,6037,6038],{"class":101}," item ",[50,6040,3964],{"class":3957},[50,6042,6043],{"class":101}," items",[50,6045,105],{"class":64},[20,6047,6048],{},"It is useful when you want to check whether any item matches a rule.",[20,6050,6051],{},"For example, to check whether any number is negative:",[41,6053,6055],{"className":43,"code":6054,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [4, 7, -2, 10]\n\nresult = any(x \u003C 0 for x in numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,6056,6057,6085,6089,6116],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,6058,6059,6061,6063,6065,6067,6069,6072,6074,6076,6078,6080,6083],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,6060,57],{"class":56},[50,6062,61],{"class":60},[50,6064,65],{"class":64},[50,6066,2602],{"class":68},[50,6068,72],{"class":64},[50,6070,6071],{"class":68}," 7",[50,6073,72],{"class":64},[50,6075,2321],{"class":60},[50,6077,1564],{"class":68},[50,6079,72],{"class":64},[50,6081,6082],{"class":68}," 10",[50,6084,83],{"class":64},[50,6086,6087],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,6088,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,6090,6091,6093,6095,6098,6100,6102,6104,6106,6108,6110,6112,6114],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,6092,89],{"class":56},[50,6094,61],{"class":60},[50,6096,6097],{"class":94}," any",[50,6099,98],{"class":64},[50,6101,3119],{"class":101},[50,6103,597],{"class":60},[50,6105,3914],{"class":68},[50,6107,3958],{"class":3957},[50,6109,3961],{"class":101},[50,6111,3964],{"class":3957},[50,6113,4341],{"class":101},[50,6115,105],{"class":64},[50,6117,6118,6120,6122,6124],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,6119,118],{"class":94},[50,6121,98],{"class":64},[50,6123,123],{"class":101},[50,6125,105],{"class":64},[20,6127,353],{},[41,6129,6130],{"className":43,"code":4061,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,6131,6132],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,6133,6134],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,6135,4061],{"class":207},[20,6137,6138,6139,6142],{},"This works because ",[15,6140,6141],{},"x \u003C 0"," is checked for each number:",[158,6144,6145,6153,6160],{},[161,6146,6147,6150,6151],{},[15,6148,6149],{},"4 \u003C 0"," → ",[15,6152,218],{},[161,6154,6155,6150,6158],{},[15,6156,6157],{},"7 \u003C 0",[15,6159,218],{},[161,6161,6162,6150,6165],{},[15,6163,6164],{},"-2 \u003C 0",[15,6166,247],{},[20,6168,6169,6170,6172,6173,6175,6176,425],{},"As soon as Python finds one ",[15,6171,247],{}," result, ",[15,6174,5263],{}," can return ",[15,6177,247],{},[20,6179,6180],{},"Here is another example:",[41,6182,6184],{"className":43,"code":6183,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"apple\", \"\", \"banana\"]\n\nhas_empty_string = any(word == \"\" for word in words)\nprint(has_empty_string)\n",[15,6185,6186,6215,6219,6249],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,6187,6188,6190,6192,6194,6196,6198,6200,6202,6205,6207,6209,6211,6213],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,6189,1040],{"class":56},[50,6191,61],{"class":60},[50,6193,65],{"class":64},[50,6195,811],{"class":604},[50,6197,1049],{"class":608},[50,6199,811],{"class":604},[50,6201,72],{"class":64},[50,6203,6204],{"class":604}," \"\"",[50,6206,72],{"class":64},[50,6208,700],{"class":604},[50,6210,1058],{"class":608},[50,6212,811],{"class":604},[50,6214,83],{"class":64},[50,6216,6217],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,6218,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,6220,6221,6224,6226,6228,6230,6233,6235,6237,6239,6242,6244,6247],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,6222,6223],{"class":56},"has_empty_string ",[50,6225,61],{"class":60},[50,6227,6097],{"class":94},[50,6229,98],{"class":64},[50,6231,6232],{"class":101},"word ",[50,6234,4767],{"class":60},[50,6236,6204],{"class":604},[50,6238,3958],{"class":3957},[50,6240,6241],{"class":101}," word ",[50,6243,3964],{"class":3957},[50,6245,6246],{"class":101}," words",[50,6248,105],{"class":64},[50,6250,6251,6253,6255,6258],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,6252,118],{"class":94},[50,6254,98],{"class":64},[50,6256,6257],{"class":101},"has_empty_string",[50,6259,105],{"class":64},[20,6261,353],{},[41,6263,6264],{"className":43,"code":4061,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,6265,6266],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,6267,6268],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,6269,4061],{"class":207},[20,6271,6272,6273,425],{},"This style is often cleaner than writing a full loop for a simple match check. For related list-checking examples, see ",[421,6274,6276],{"href":6275},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-value-exists-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[36,6278,6280],{"id":6279},"empty-iterables","Empty iterables",[20,6282,6283,6284,819],{},"An empty iterable returns ",[15,6285,218],{},[41,6287,6289],{"className":43,"code":6288,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(any([]))\n",[15,6290,6291],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,6292,6293,6295,6297,6299],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,6294,118],{"class":94},[50,6296,98],{"class":64},[50,6298,5433],{"class":94},[50,6300,4507],{"class":64},[20,6302,353],{},[41,6304,6305],{"className":43,"code":4122,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,6306,6307],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,6308,6309],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,6310,4122],{"class":207},[20,6312,6313],{},"This can surprise beginners.",[20,6315,6316,6317,6319],{},"The reason is simple: ",[15,6318,5263],{}," looks for at least one truthy item. In an empty iterable, there are no items at all, so there is nothing truthy to find.",[20,6321,6322],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables:",[41,6324,6326],{"className":43,"code":6325,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(any(()))\nprint(any(\"\"))\nprint(any(set()))\n",[15,6327,6328,6338,6353],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,6329,6330,6332,6334,6336],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,6331,118],{"class":94},[50,6333,98],{"class":64},[50,6335,5433],{"class":94},[50,6337,4565],{"class":64},[50,6339,6340,6342,6344,6346,6348,6351],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,6341,118],{"class":94},[50,6343,98],{"class":64},[50,6345,5433],{"class":94},[50,6347,98],{"class":64},[50,6349,6350],{"class":604},"\"\"",[50,6352,478],{"class":64},[50,6354,6355,6357,6359,6361,6363,6365],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,6356,118],{"class":94},[50,6358,98],{"class":64},[50,6360,5433],{"class":94},[50,6362,98],{"class":64},[50,6364,617],{"class":557},[50,6366,6367],{"class":64},"()))\n",[20,6369,353],{},[41,6371,6373],{"className":43,"code":6372,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"False\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,6374,6375,6379,6383],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,6376,6377],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,6378,4122],{"class":207},[50,6380,6381],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,6382,4122],{"class":207},[50,6384,6385],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,6386,4122],{"class":207},[36,6388,6390],{"id":6389},"when-to-use-any","When to use any()",[20,6392,920,6393,6395],{},[15,6394,5263],{}," when you want to:",[158,6397,6398,6401,6404],{},[161,6399,6400],{},"check whether a list contains at least one matching value",[161,6402,6403],{},"simplify loops that only need one match",[161,6405,6406],{},"make condition checks shorter and easier to read",[20,6408,6409],{},"For example, instead of writing this:",[41,6411,6413],{"className":43,"code":6412,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\n\nfound_even = False\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        found_even = True\n        break\n\nprint(found_even)\n",[15,6414,6415,6439,6443,6453,6457,6471,6490,6501,6507,6512],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,6416,6417,6419,6421,6423,6425,6427,6429,6431,6433,6435,6437],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,6418,57],{"class":56},[50,6420,61],{"class":60},[50,6422,65],{"class":64},[50,6424,366],{"class":68},[50,6426,72],{"class":64},[50,6428,500],{"class":68},[50,6430,72],{"class":64},[50,6432,375],{"class":68},[50,6434,72],{"class":64},[50,6436,299],{"class":68},[50,6438,83],{"class":64},[50,6440,6441],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,6442,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,6444,6445,6448,6450],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,6446,6447],{"class":56},"found_even ",[50,6449,61],{"class":60},[50,6451,6452],{"class":207}," False\n",[50,6454,6455],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,6456,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,6458,6459,6461,6464,6466,6468],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,6460,6035],{"class":3957},[50,6462,6463],{"class":56}," number ",[50,6465,3964],{"class":3957},[50,6467,4341],{"class":56},[50,6469,6470],{"class":64},":\n",[50,6472,6473,6476,6478,6481,6483,6486,6488],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,6474,6475],{"class":3957},"    if",[50,6477,6463],{"class":56},[50,6479,6480],{"class":60},"%",[50,6482,80],{"class":68},[50,6484,6485],{"class":60}," ==",[50,6487,3914],{"class":68},[50,6489,6470],{"class":64},[50,6491,6493,6496,6498],{"class":52,"line":6492},7,[50,6494,6495],{"class":56},"        found_even ",[50,6497,61],{"class":60},[50,6499,6500],{"class":207}," True\n",[50,6502,6504],{"class":52,"line":6503},8,[50,6505,6506],{"class":3957},"        break\n",[50,6508,6510],{"class":52,"line":6509},9,[50,6511,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,6513,6515,6517,6519,6522],{"class":52,"line":6514},10,[50,6516,118],{"class":94},[50,6518,98],{"class":64},[50,6520,6521],{"class":101},"found_even",[50,6523,105],{"class":64},[20,6525,6526],{},"You can write:",[41,6528,6530],{"className":43,"code":6529,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\nprint(any(number % 2 == 0 for number in numbers))\n",[15,6531,6532,6556],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,6533,6534,6536,6538,6540,6542,6544,6546,6548,6550,6552,6554],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,6535,57],{"class":56},[50,6537,61],{"class":60},[50,6539,65],{"class":64},[50,6541,366],{"class":68},[50,6543,72],{"class":64},[50,6545,500],{"class":68},[50,6547,72],{"class":64},[50,6549,375],{"class":68},[50,6551,72],{"class":64},[50,6553,299],{"class":68},[50,6555,83],{"class":64},[50,6557,6558,6560,6562,6564,6566,6568,6570,6572,6574,6576,6578,6580,6582,6584],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,6559,118],{"class":94},[50,6561,98],{"class":64},[50,6563,5433],{"class":94},[50,6565,98],{"class":64},[50,6567,2316],{"class":101},[50,6569,6480],{"class":60},[50,6571,80],{"class":68},[50,6573,6485],{"class":60},[50,6575,3914],{"class":68},[50,6577,3958],{"class":3957},[50,6579,6463],{"class":101},[50,6581,3964],{"class":3957},[50,6583,4341],{"class":101},[50,6585,478],{"class":64},[20,6587,6588,6589,6591],{},"Both work, but ",[15,6590,5263],{}," is shorter and easier to read when you only need a yes-or-no answer.",[36,6593,4598],{"id":4597},[20,6595,6596,6597,425],{},"Here are some common mistakes with ",[15,6598,5263],{},[222,6600,6602],{"id":6601},"passing-a-single-number-instead-of-an-iterable","Passing a single number instead of an iterable",[20,6604,4605],{},[41,6606,6608],{"className":43,"code":6607,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(any(5))\n",[15,6609,6610],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,6611,6612,6614,6616,6618,6620,6622],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,6613,118],{"class":94},[50,6615,98],{"class":64},[50,6617,5433],{"class":94},[50,6619,98],{"class":64},[50,6621,290],{"class":68},[50,6623,478],{"class":64},[20,6625,6626,6627,6629],{},"It causes an error because ",[15,6628,290],{}," is not iterable.",[20,6631,6632],{},"Use an iterable instead:",[41,6634,6636],{"className":43,"code":6635,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(any([5]))\n",[15,6637,6638],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,6639,6640,6642,6644,6646,6648,6650],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,6641,118],{"class":94},[50,6643,98],{"class":64},[50,6645,5433],{"class":94},[50,6647,1792],{"class":64},[50,6649,290],{"class":68},[50,6651,1805],{"class":64},[222,6653,6655],{"id":6654},"thinking-any-checks-whether-all-values-are-true","Thinking any() checks whether all values are True",[20,6657,6658,6660,6661,6664],{},[15,6659,5263],{}," needs only ",[3824,6662,6663],{},"one"," truthy item.",[41,6666,6668],{"className":43,"code":6667,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(any([False, False, True]))\n",[15,6669,6670],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,6671,6672,6674,6676,6678,6680,6682,6684,6686,6688,6690],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,6673,118],{"class":94},[50,6675,98],{"class":64},[50,6677,5433],{"class":94},[50,6679,1792],{"class":64},[50,6681,218],{"class":207},[50,6683,72],{"class":64},[50,6685,3988],{"class":207},[50,6687,72],{"class":64},[50,6689,3997],{"class":207},[50,6691,1805],{"class":64},[20,6693,353],{},[41,6695,6696],{"className":43,"code":4061,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,6697,6698],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,6699,6700],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,6701,4061],{"class":207},[20,6703,6704,6705,6709],{},"If you need every item to be truthy, use ",[421,6706,6707],{"href":5504},[15,6708,3667],{}," instead.",[222,6711,6713],{"id":6712},"forgetting-that-non-empty-strings-are-truthy","Forgetting that non-empty strings are truthy",[20,6715,6716,6717,425],{},"A non-empty string is truthy, even if it is not ",[15,6718,6719],{},"\"True\"",[41,6721,6723],{"className":43,"code":6722,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(any([\"False\"]))\n",[15,6724,6725],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,6726,6727,6729,6731,6733,6735,6737,6739,6741],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,6728,118],{"class":94},[50,6730,98],{"class":64},[50,6732,5433],{"class":94},[50,6734,1792],{"class":64},[50,6736,811],{"class":604},[50,6738,218],{"class":608},[50,6740,811],{"class":604},[50,6742,1805],{"class":64},[20,6744,353],{},[41,6746,6747],{"className":43,"code":4061,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,6748,6749],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,6750,6751],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,6752,4061],{"class":207},[20,6754,6755,6756,6759],{},"That is because ",[15,6757,6758],{},"\"False\""," is a non-empty string.",[222,6761,6763],{"id":6762},"using-a-list-comprehension-when-a-generator-expression-is-enough","Using a list comprehension when a generator expression is enough",[20,6765,6766],{},"This works:",[41,6768,6770],{"className":43,"code":6769,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any([x > 2 for x in numbers]))\n",[15,6771,6772,6792],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,6773,6774,6776,6778,6780,6782,6784,6786,6788,6790],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,6775,57],{"class":56},[50,6777,61],{"class":60},[50,6779,65],{"class":64},[50,6781,366],{"class":68},[50,6783,72],{"class":64},[50,6785,80],{"class":68},[50,6787,72],{"class":64},[50,6789,500],{"class":68},[50,6791,83],{"class":64},[50,6793,6794,6796,6798,6800,6802,6804,6806,6808,6810,6812,6814,6816],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,6795,118],{"class":94},[50,6797,98],{"class":64},[50,6799,5433],{"class":94},[50,6801,1792],{"class":64},[50,6803,3119],{"class":101},[50,6805,4330],{"class":60},[50,6807,80],{"class":68},[50,6809,3958],{"class":3957},[50,6811,3961],{"class":101},[50,6813,3964],{"class":3957},[50,6815,4341],{"class":101},[50,6817,1805],{"class":64},[20,6819,6820],{},"But this is usually better:",[41,6822,6824],{"className":43,"code":6823,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any(x > 2 for x in numbers))\n",[15,6825,6826,6846],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,6827,6828,6830,6832,6834,6836,6838,6840,6842,6844],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,6829,57],{"class":56},[50,6831,61],{"class":60},[50,6833,65],{"class":64},[50,6835,366],{"class":68},[50,6837,72],{"class":64},[50,6839,80],{"class":68},[50,6841,72],{"class":64},[50,6843,500],{"class":68},[50,6845,83],{"class":64},[50,6847,6848,6850,6852,6854,6856,6858,6860,6862,6864,6866,6868,6870],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,6849,118],{"class":94},[50,6851,98],{"class":64},[50,6853,5433],{"class":94},[50,6855,98],{"class":64},[50,6857,3119],{"class":101},[50,6859,4330],{"class":60},[50,6861,80],{"class":68},[50,6863,3958],{"class":3957},[50,6865,3961],{"class":101},[50,6867,3964],{"class":3957},[50,6869,4341],{"class":101},[50,6871,478],{"class":64},[20,6873,6874],{},"The second version avoids creating an unnecessary list.",[36,6876,1913],{"id":1912},[222,6878,6880],{"id":6879},"what-does-any-return-in-python","What does any() return in Python?",[20,6882,5227,6883,6885,6886,425],{},[15,6884,247],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy. Otherwise it returns ",[15,6887,218],{},[222,6889,6891],{"id":6890},"what-happens-if-the-iterable-is-empty","What happens if the iterable is empty?",[20,6893,6894,2494,6896,6898],{},[15,6895,5263],{},[15,6897,218],{}," for an empty iterable.",[222,6900,6902],{"id":6901},"what-is-the-difference-between-any-and-all","What is the difference between any() and all()?",[20,6904,6905,6907,6908,6910],{},[15,6906,5263],{}," needs one truthy item. ",[15,6909,3667],{}," needs every item to be truthy.",[222,6912,6914],{"id":6913},"can-i-use-any-with-a-condition","Can I use any() with a condition?",[20,6916,6917],{},"Yes. A common pattern is:",[41,6919,6920],{"className":43,"code":6021,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,6921,6922],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,6923,6924,6926,6928,6930,6932,6934,6936,6938],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,6925,5433],{"class":94},[50,6927,98],{"class":64},[50,6929,6032],{"class":101},[50,6931,6035],{"class":3957},[50,6933,6038],{"class":101},[50,6935,3964],{"class":3957},[50,6937,6043],{"class":101},[50,6939,105],{"class":64},[20,6941,5551],{},[41,6943,6944],{"className":43,"code":6823,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,6945,6946,6966],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,6947,6948,6950,6952,6954,6956,6958,6960,6962,6964],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,6949,57],{"class":56},[50,6951,61],{"class":60},[50,6953,65],{"class":64},[50,6955,366],{"class":68},[50,6957,72],{"class":64},[50,6959,80],{"class":68},[50,6961,72],{"class":64},[50,6963,500],{"class":68},[50,6965,83],{"class":64},[50,6967,6968,6970,6972,6974,6976,6978,6980,6982,6984,6986,6988,6990],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,6969,118],{"class":94},[50,6971,98],{"class":64},[50,6973,5433],{"class":94},[50,6975,98],{"class":64},[50,6977,3119],{"class":101},[50,6979,4330],{"class":60},[50,6981,80],{"class":68},[50,6983,3958],{"class":3957},[50,6985,3961],{"class":101},[50,6987,3964],{"class":3957},[50,6989,4341],{"class":101},[50,6991,478],{"class":64},[36,6993,1975],{"id":1974},[158,6995,6996,7002,7006,7010,7015],{},[161,6997,6998],{},[421,6999,7000,1461],{"href":5504},[15,7001,3667],{},[161,7003,7004],{},[421,7005,3888],{"href":5855},[161,7007,7008],{},[421,7009,5295],{"href":5664},[161,7011,7012],{},[421,7013,7014],{"href":6275},"How to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[161,7016,7017],{},[421,7018,7019,1461],{"href":5858},[15,7020,3894],{},[2018,7022,7023],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":7025},[7026,7027,7028,7029,7030,7031,7032,7033,7039,7045],{"id":5454,"depth":86,"text":5455},{"id":5509,"depth":86,"text":5510},{"id":3809,"depth":86,"text":3810},{"id":5863,"depth":86,"text":5864},{"id":6006,"depth":86,"text":6007},{"id":6279,"depth":86,"text":6280},{"id":6389,"depth":86,"text":6390},{"id":4597,"depth":86,"text":4598,"children":7034},[7035,7036,7037,7038],{"id":6601,"depth":108,"text":6602},{"id":6654,"depth":108,"text":6655},{"id":6712,"depth":108,"text":6713},{"id":6762,"depth":108,"text":6763},{"id":1912,"depth":86,"text":1913,"children":7040},[7041,7042,7043,7044],{"id":6879,"depth":108,"text":6880},{"id":6890,"depth":108,"text":6891},{"id":6901,"depth":108,"text":6902},{"id":6913,"depth":108,"text":6914},{"id":1974,"depth":86,"text":1975},"Master python any function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":5358,"description":7046},"reference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained","uL7-T2Lk2YfmN9VEO8KlebxCO6XTQT36wCuJPf1m2Jw",{"id":7052,"title":7053,"body":7054,"description":9184,"extension":2064,"meta":9185,"navigation":111,"path":9186,"seo":9187,"stem":9188,"__hash__":9189},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained.md","Python bool() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":7055,"toc":9147},[7056,7059,7068,7078,7080,7177,7179,7208,7224,7228,7233,7236,7246,7252,7258,7274,7276,7284,7291,7295,7298,7313,7318,7336,7341,7343,7391,7393,7410,7414,7420,7423,7458,7460,7566,7568,7605,7609,7617,7619,7639,7641,7761,7763,7792,7795,7818,7820,7828,7836,7840,7846,7850,7891,7893,7901,7904,7932,7934,7942,7946,7975,7977,7985,8017,8019,8027,8031,8082,8084,8092,8100,8104,8107,8160,8162,8182,8189,8193,8199,8202,8210,8232,8234,8242,8250,8273,8275,8283,8288,8293,8305,8307,8348,8359,8363,8372,8375,8378,8437,8440,8492,8495,8500,8516,8522,8524,8529,8538,8541,8563,8565,8573,8578,8581,8616,8618,8626,8630,8635,8673,8685,8688,8742,8750,8754,8757,8779,8788,8791,8832,8834,8857,8863,8869,8884,8886,8906,8909,8928,8930,8949,8953,8959,9038,9041,9055,9062,9064,9068,9075,9079,9083,9087,9092,9096,9101,9105,9112,9114,9144],[10,7057,7053],{"id":7058},"python-bool-function-explained",[20,7060,1185,7061,7063,7064,2976,7066,425],{},[15,7062,3894],{}," function converts a value to either ",[15,7065,247],{},[15,7067,218],{},[20,7069,7070,7071,7073,7074,7077],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a value counts as \"true\" or \"false\" in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,7072,3894],{}," to understand how values behave in ",[15,7075,7076],{},"if"," statements and other conditions.",[36,7079,39],{"id":38},[41,7081,7083],{"className":43,"code":7082,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(1))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,7084,7085,7099,7113,7127,7145,7155],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,7086,7087,7089,7091,7093,7095,7097],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,7088,118],{"class":94},[50,7090,98],{"class":64},[50,7092,3948],{"class":557},[50,7094,98],{"class":64},[50,7096,2220],{"class":68},[50,7098,478],{"class":64},[50,7100,7101,7103,7105,7107,7109,7111],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,7102,118],{"class":94},[50,7104,98],{"class":64},[50,7106,3948],{"class":557},[50,7108,98],{"class":64},[50,7110,366],{"class":68},[50,7112,478],{"class":64},[50,7114,7115,7117,7119,7121,7123,7125],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,7116,118],{"class":94},[50,7118,98],{"class":64},[50,7120,3948],{"class":557},[50,7122,98],{"class":64},[50,7124,6350],{"class":604},[50,7126,478],{"class":64},[50,7128,7129,7131,7133,7135,7137,7139,7141,7143],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,7130,118],{"class":94},[50,7132,98],{"class":64},[50,7134,3948],{"class":557},[50,7136,98],{"class":64},[50,7138,811],{"class":604},[50,7140,3926],{"class":608},[50,7142,811],{"class":604},[50,7144,478],{"class":64},[50,7146,7147,7149,7151,7153],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,7148,118],{"class":94},[50,7150,98],{"class":64},[50,7152,3948],{"class":557},[50,7154,4507],{"class":64},[50,7156,7157,7159,7161,7163,7165,7167,7169,7171,7173,7175],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,7158,118],{"class":94},[50,7160,98],{"class":64},[50,7162,3948],{"class":557},[50,7164,1792],{"class":64},[50,7166,366],{"class":68},[50,7168,72],{"class":64},[50,7170,80],{"class":68},[50,7172,72],{"class":64},[50,7174,500],{"class":68},[50,7176,1805],{"class":64},[20,7178,5637],{},[41,7180,7182],{"className":43,"code":7181,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"False\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,7183,7184,7188,7192,7196,7200,7204],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,7185,7186],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,7187,4122],{"class":207},[50,7189,7190],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,7191,4061],{"class":207},[50,7193,7194],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,7195,4122],{"class":207},[50,7197,7198],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,7199,4061],{"class":207},[50,7201,7202],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,7203,4122],{"class":207},[50,7205,7206],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,7207,4061],{"class":207},[20,7209,920,7210,7213,7214,2976,7216,7218,7219,7221,7222,425],{},[15,7211,7212],{},"bool(value)"," to convert a value to ",[15,7215,247],{},[15,7217,218],{},". Empty and zero-like values become ",[15,7220,218],{},". Most other values become ",[15,7223,247],{},[36,7225,7227],{"id":7226},"what-bool-does","What bool() does",[20,7229,7230,7232],{},[15,7231,3894],{}," converts a value into a Boolean result.",[20,7234,7235],{},"A Boolean value can only be one of these:",[158,7237,7238,7242],{},[161,7239,7240],{},[15,7241,247],{},[161,7243,7244],{},[15,7245,218],{},[20,7247,7248,7249,7251],{},"This is especially useful in conditions such as ",[15,7250,7076],{}," statements.",[20,7253,7254,7255,7257],{},"You can also call ",[15,7256,3894],{}," with no argument:",[41,7259,7261],{"className":43,"code":7260,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(bool())\n",[15,7262,7263],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,7264,7265,7267,7269,7271],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,7266,118],{"class":94},[50,7268,98],{"class":64},[50,7270,3948],{"class":557},[50,7272,7273],{"class":64},"())\n",[20,7275,353],{},[41,7277,7278],{"className":43,"code":4122,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,7279,7280],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,7281,7282],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,7283,4122],{"class":207},[20,7285,7286,7287,425],{},"If you are new to Boolean values, see ",[421,7288,7290],{"href":7289},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-boolean-in-python\u002F","what a Boolean means in Python",[36,7292,7294],{"id":7293},"bool-syntax","bool() syntax",[20,7296,7297],{},"The basic syntax is:",[41,7299,7301],{"className":43,"code":7300,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"bool(value)\n",[15,7302,7303],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,7304,7305,7307,7309,7311],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,7306,3948],{"class":557},[50,7308,98],{"class":64},[50,7310,2570],{"class":101},[50,7312,105],{"class":64},[20,7314,1185,7315,7317],{},[15,7316,2570],{}," can be many different types, such as:",[158,7319,7320,7322,7324,7326,7328,7331,7333],{},[161,7321,102],{},[161,7323,5388],{},[161,7325,5379],{},[161,7327,5382],{},[161,7329,7330],{},"dictionaries",[161,7332,5385],{},[161,7334,7335],{},"other objects",[20,7337,7338,7339,425],{},"If you do not pass any value, Python returns ",[15,7340,218],{},[20,7342,1602],{},[41,7344,7346],{"className":43,"code":7345,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(bool(10))\nprint(bool(\"Python\"))\nprint(bool())\n",[15,7347,7348,7362,7381],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,7349,7350,7352,7354,7356,7358,7360],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,7351,118],{"class":94},[50,7353,98],{"class":64},[50,7355,3948],{"class":557},[50,7357,98],{"class":64},[50,7359,1618],{"class":68},[50,7361,478],{"class":64},[50,7363,7364,7366,7368,7370,7372,7374,7377,7379],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,7365,118],{"class":94},[50,7367,98],{"class":64},[50,7369,3948],{"class":557},[50,7371,98],{"class":64},[50,7373,811],{"class":604},[50,7375,7376],{"class":608},"Python",[50,7378,811],{"class":604},[50,7380,478],{"class":64},[50,7382,7383,7385,7387,7389],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,7384,118],{"class":94},[50,7386,98],{"class":64},[50,7388,3948],{"class":557},[50,7390,7273],{"class":64},[20,7392,353],{},[41,7394,7396],{"className":43,"code":7395,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"True\nTrue\nFalse\n",[15,7397,7398,7402,7406],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,7399,7400],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,7401,4061],{"class":207},[50,7403,7404],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,7405,4061],{"class":207},[50,7407,7408],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,7409,4122],{"class":207},[36,7411,7413],{"id":7412},"values-that-become-false","Values that become False",[20,7415,7416,7417,7419],{},"Some values are treated as false in Python. These are often called ",[3824,7418,5674],{}," values.",[20,7421,7422],{},"Common examples:",[158,7424,7425,7429,7433,7437,7441,7446,7450,7454],{},[161,7426,7427],{},[15,7428,2220],{},[161,7430,7431],{},[15,7432,3850],{},[161,7434,7435],{},[15,7436,6350],{},[161,7438,7439],{},[15,7440,3868],{},[161,7442,7443],{},[15,7444,7445],{},"()",[161,7447,7448],{},[15,7449,3873],{},[161,7451,7452],{},[15,7453,3878],{},[161,7455,7456],{},[15,7457,208],{},[20,7459,1602],{},[41,7461,7463],{"className":43,"code":7462,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(0.0))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool(()))\nprint(bool({}))\nprint(bool(set()))\nprint(bool(None))\n",[15,7464,7465,7479,7493,7507,7517,7527,7538,7552],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,7466,7467,7469,7471,7473,7475,7477],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,7468,118],{"class":94},[50,7470,98],{"class":64},[50,7472,3948],{"class":557},[50,7474,98],{"class":64},[50,7476,2220],{"class":68},[50,7478,478],{"class":64},[50,7480,7481,7483,7485,7487,7489,7491],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,7482,118],{"class":94},[50,7484,98],{"class":64},[50,7486,3948],{"class":557},[50,7488,98],{"class":64},[50,7490,3850],{"class":68},[50,7492,478],{"class":64},[50,7494,7495,7497,7499,7501,7503,7505],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,7496,118],{"class":94},[50,7498,98],{"class":64},[50,7500,3948],{"class":557},[50,7502,98],{"class":64},[50,7504,6350],{"class":604},[50,7506,478],{"class":64},[50,7508,7509,7511,7513,7515],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,7510,118],{"class":94},[50,7512,98],{"class":64},[50,7514,3948],{"class":557},[50,7516,4507],{"class":64},[50,7518,7519,7521,7523,7525],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,7520,118],{"class":94},[50,7522,98],{"class":64},[50,7524,3948],{"class":557},[50,7526,4565],{"class":64},[50,7528,7529,7531,7533,7535],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,7530,118],{"class":94},[50,7532,98],{"class":64},[50,7534,3948],{"class":557},[50,7536,7537],{"class":64},"({}))\n",[50,7539,7540,7542,7544,7546,7548,7550],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,7541,118],{"class":94},[50,7543,98],{"class":64},[50,7545,3948],{"class":557},[50,7547,98],{"class":64},[50,7549,617],{"class":557},[50,7551,6367],{"class":64},[50,7553,7554,7556,7558,7560,7562,7564],{"class":52,"line":6503},[50,7555,118],{"class":94},[50,7557,98],{"class":64},[50,7559,3948],{"class":557},[50,7561,98],{"class":64},[50,7563,208],{"class":207},[50,7565,478],{"class":64},[20,7567,353],{},[41,7569,7571],{"className":43,"code":7570,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"False\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,7572,7573,7577,7581,7585,7589,7593,7597,7601],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,7574,7575],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,7576,4122],{"class":207},[50,7578,7579],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,7580,4122],{"class":207},[50,7582,7583],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,7584,4122],{"class":207},[50,7586,7587],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,7588,4122],{"class":207},[50,7590,7591],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,7592,4122],{"class":207},[50,7594,7595],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,7596,4122],{"class":207},[50,7598,7599],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,7600,4122],{"class":207},[50,7602,7603],{"class":52,"line":6503},[50,7604,4122],{"class":207},[36,7606,7608],{"id":7607},"values-that-become-true","Values that become True",[20,7610,7611,7612,7614,7615,7419],{},"Many values become ",[15,7613,247],{},". These are often called ",[3824,7616,5671],{},[20,7618,7422],{},[158,7620,7621,7624,7627,7630,7633,7636],{},[161,7622,7623],{},"non-zero numbers",[161,7625,7626],{},"non-empty strings",[161,7628,7629],{},"non-empty lists",[161,7631,7632],{},"non-empty tuples",[161,7634,7635],{},"non-empty sets",[161,7637,7638],{},"non-empty dictionaries",[20,7640,1602],{},[41,7642,7644],{"className":43,"code":7643,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(bool(5))\nprint(bool(-2))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(bool((1, 2)))\nprint(bool({\"name\": \"Sam\"}))\n",[15,7645,7646,7660,7676,7694,7716,7734],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,7647,7648,7650,7652,7654,7656,7658],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,7649,118],{"class":94},[50,7651,98],{"class":64},[50,7653,3948],{"class":557},[50,7655,98],{"class":64},[50,7657,290],{"class":68},[50,7659,478],{"class":64},[50,7661,7662,7664,7666,7668,7670,7672,7674],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,7663,118],{"class":94},[50,7665,98],{"class":64},[50,7667,3948],{"class":557},[50,7669,98],{"class":64},[50,7671,2124],{"class":60},[50,7673,1564],{"class":68},[50,7675,478],{"class":64},[50,7677,7678,7680,7682,7684,7686,7688,7690,7692],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,7679,118],{"class":94},[50,7681,98],{"class":64},[50,7683,3948],{"class":557},[50,7685,98],{"class":64},[50,7687,811],{"class":604},[50,7689,3926],{"class":608},[50,7691,811],{"class":604},[50,7693,478],{"class":64},[50,7695,7696,7698,7700,7702,7704,7706,7708,7710,7712,7714],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,7697,118],{"class":94},[50,7699,98],{"class":64},[50,7701,3948],{"class":557},[50,7703,1792],{"class":64},[50,7705,366],{"class":68},[50,7707,72],{"class":64},[50,7709,80],{"class":68},[50,7711,72],{"class":64},[50,7713,500],{"class":68},[50,7715,1805],{"class":64},[50,7717,7718,7720,7722,7724,7726,7728,7730,7732],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,7719,118],{"class":94},[50,7721,98],{"class":64},[50,7723,3948],{"class":557},[50,7725,1820],{"class":64},[50,7727,366],{"class":68},[50,7729,72],{"class":64},[50,7731,80],{"class":68},[50,7733,569],{"class":64},[50,7735,7736,7738,7740,7742,7744,7746,7748,7750,7752,7754,7757,7759],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,7737,118],{"class":94},[50,7739,98],{"class":64},[50,7741,3948],{"class":557},[50,7743,5607],{"class":64},[50,7745,811],{"class":604},[50,7747,814],{"class":608},[50,7749,811],{"class":604},[50,7751,819],{"class":64},[50,7753,700],{"class":604},[50,7755,7756],{"class":608},"Sam",[50,7758,811],{"class":604},[50,7760,5616],{"class":64},[20,7762,353],{},[41,7764,7766],{"className":43,"code":7765,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"True\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,7767,7768,7772,7776,7780,7784,7788],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,7769,7770],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,7771,4061],{"class":207},[50,7773,7774],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,7775,4061],{"class":207},[50,7777,7778],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,7779,4061],{"class":207},[50,7781,7782],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,7783,4061],{"class":207},[50,7785,7786],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,7787,4061],{"class":207},[50,7789,7790],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,7791,4061],{"class":207},[20,7793,7794],{},"One important example is this:",[41,7796,7798],{"className":43,"code":7797,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(bool(\"False\"))\n",[15,7799,7800],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,7801,7802,7804,7806,7808,7810,7812,7814,7816],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,7803,118],{"class":94},[50,7805,98],{"class":64},[50,7807,3948],{"class":557},[50,7809,98],{"class":64},[50,7811,811],{"class":604},[50,7813,218],{"class":608},[50,7815,811],{"class":604},[50,7817,478],{"class":64},[20,7819,353],{},[41,7821,7822],{"className":43,"code":4061,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,7823,7824],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,7825,7826],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,7827,4061],{"class":207},[20,7829,7830,7831,7833,7834,425],{},"Even though the text says ",[15,7832,6758],{},", it is still a non-empty string, so Python treats it as ",[15,7835,247],{},[36,7837,7839],{"id":7838},"using-bool-in-real-code","Using bool() in real code",[20,7841,7842,7843,7845],{},"You can use ",[15,7844,3894],{}," in simple programs to make your code easier to understand.",[222,7847,7849],{"id":7848},"check-whether-a-list-has-items","Check whether a list has items",[41,7851,7853],{"className":43,"code":7852,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,7854,7855,7876],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,7856,7857,7860,7862,7864,7866,7868,7870,7872,7874],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,7858,7859],{"class":56},"items ",[50,7861,61],{"class":60},[50,7863,65],{"class":64},[50,7865,1618],{"class":68},[50,7867,72],{"class":64},[50,7869,840],{"class":68},[50,7871,72],{"class":64},[50,7873,1627],{"class":68},[50,7875,83],{"class":64},[50,7877,7878,7880,7882,7884,7886,7889],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,7879,118],{"class":94},[50,7881,98],{"class":64},[50,7883,3948],{"class":557},[50,7885,98],{"class":64},[50,7887,7888],{"class":101},"items",[50,7890,478],{"class":64},[20,7892,353],{},[41,7894,7895],{"className":43,"code":4061,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,7896,7897],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,7898,7899],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,7900,4061],{"class":207},[20,7902,7903],{},"With an empty list:",[41,7905,7907],{"className":43,"code":7906,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = []\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,7908,7909,7918],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,7910,7911,7913,7915],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,7912,7859],{"class":56},[50,7914,61],{"class":60},[50,7916,7917],{"class":64}," []\n",[50,7919,7920,7922,7924,7926,7928,7930],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,7921,118],{"class":94},[50,7923,98],{"class":64},[50,7925,3948],{"class":557},[50,7927,98],{"class":64},[50,7929,7888],{"class":101},[50,7931,478],{"class":64},[20,7933,353],{},[41,7935,7936],{"className":43,"code":4122,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,7937,7938],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,7939,7940],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,7941,4122],{"class":207},[222,7943,7945],{"id":7944},"check-whether-a-string-is-empty","Check whether a string is empty",[41,7947,7949],{"className":43,"code":7948,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"name = \"\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,7950,7951,7961],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,7952,7953,7956,7958],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,7954,7955],{"class":56},"name ",[50,7957,61],{"class":60},[50,7959,7960],{"class":604}," \"\"\n",[50,7962,7963,7965,7967,7969,7971,7973],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,7964,118],{"class":94},[50,7966,98],{"class":64},[50,7968,3948],{"class":557},[50,7970,98],{"class":64},[50,7972,814],{"class":101},[50,7974,478],{"class":64},[20,7976,353],{},[41,7978,7979],{"className":43,"code":4122,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,7980,7981],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,7982,7983],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,7984,4122],{"class":207},[41,7986,7988],{"className":43,"code":7987,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"name = \"Mia\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,7989,7990,8003],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,7991,7992,7994,7996,7998,8001],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,7993,7955],{"class":56},[50,7995,61],{"class":60},[50,7997,700],{"class":604},[50,7999,8000],{"class":608},"Mia",[50,8002,705],{"class":604},[50,8004,8005,8007,8009,8011,8013,8015],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,8006,118],{"class":94},[50,8008,98],{"class":64},[50,8010,3948],{"class":557},[50,8012,98],{"class":64},[50,8014,814],{"class":101},[50,8016,478],{"class":64},[20,8018,353],{},[41,8020,8021],{"className":43,"code":4061,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,8022,8023],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,8024,8025],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,8026,4061],{"class":207},[222,8028,8030],{"id":8029},"convert-a-result-before-printing-or-storing-it","Convert a result before printing or storing it",[41,8032,8034],{"className":43,"code":8033,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"username = \"alex\"\nhas_name = bool(username)\n\nprint(has_name)\n",[15,8035,8036,8050,8067,8071],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,8037,8038,8041,8043,8045,8048],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,8039,8040],{"class":56},"username ",[50,8042,61],{"class":60},[50,8044,700],{"class":604},[50,8046,8047],{"class":608},"alex",[50,8049,705],{"class":604},[50,8051,8052,8055,8057,8060,8062,8065],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,8053,8054],{"class":56},"has_name ",[50,8056,61],{"class":60},[50,8058,8059],{"class":557}," bool",[50,8061,98],{"class":64},[50,8063,8064],{"class":101},"username",[50,8066,105],{"class":64},[50,8068,8069],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,8070,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,8072,8073,8075,8077,8080],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,8074,118],{"class":94},[50,8076,98],{"class":64},[50,8078,8079],{"class":101},"has_name",[50,8081,105],{"class":64},[20,8083,353],{},[41,8085,8086],{"className":43,"code":4061,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,8087,8088],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,8089,8090],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,8091,4061],{"class":207},[20,8093,8094,8095,2976,8097,8099],{},"This can be useful when you want a clear ",[15,8096,247],{},[15,8098,218],{}," value instead of checking the original value later.",[222,8101,8103],{"id":8102},"help-understand-conditions","Help understand conditions",[20,8105,8106],{},"Python already checks truthy and falsy values in conditions.",[41,8108,8110],{"className":43,"code":8109,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif numbers:\n    print(\"The list is not empty\")\n",[15,8111,8112,8132,8136,8144],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,8113,8114,8116,8118,8120,8122,8124,8126,8128,8130],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,8115,57],{"class":56},[50,8117,61],{"class":60},[50,8119,65],{"class":64},[50,8121,366],{"class":68},[50,8123,72],{"class":64},[50,8125,80],{"class":68},[50,8127,72],{"class":64},[50,8129,500],{"class":68},[50,8131,83],{"class":64},[50,8133,8134],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,8135,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,8137,8138,8140,8142],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,8139,7076],{"class":3957},[50,8141,4341],{"class":56},[50,8143,6470],{"class":64},[50,8145,8146,8149,8151,8153,8156,8158],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,8147,8148],{"class":94},"    print",[50,8150,98],{"class":64},[50,8152,811],{"class":604},[50,8154,8155],{"class":608},"The list is not empty",[50,8157,811],{"class":604},[50,8159,105],{"class":64},[20,8161,353],{},[41,8163,8165],{"className":43,"code":8164,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"The list is not empty\n",[15,8166,8167],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,8168,8169,8171,8173,8176,8179],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,8170,1185],{"class":56},[50,8172,437],{"class":557},[50,8174,8175],{"class":60}," is",[50,8177,8178],{"class":60}," not",[50,8180,8181],{"class":56}," empty\n",[20,8183,8184,8185,425],{},"To learn more about conditions, see ",[421,8186,8188],{"href":8187},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-if-statements-explained\u002F","Python if statements explained",[36,8190,8192],{"id":8191},"important-beginner-warning","Important beginner warning",[20,8194,8195,8196,8198],{},"A very common mistake is expecting ",[15,8197,3894],{}," to understand the meaning of text.",[20,8200,8201],{},"It does not do that.",[222,8203,8205,2494,8208],{"id":8204},"boolfalse-returns-true",[15,8206,8207],{},"bool(\"False\")",[15,8209,247],{},[41,8211,8212],{"className":43,"code":7797,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,8213,8214],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,8215,8216,8218,8220,8222,8224,8226,8228,8230],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,8217,118],{"class":94},[50,8219,98],{"class":64},[50,8221,3948],{"class":557},[50,8223,98],{"class":64},[50,8225,811],{"class":604},[50,8227,218],{"class":608},[50,8229,811],{"class":604},[50,8231,478],{"class":64},[20,8233,353],{},[41,8235,8236],{"className":43,"code":4061,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,8237,8238],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,8239,8240],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,8241,4061],{"class":207},[222,8243,8245,2494,8248],{"id":8244},"bool0-returns-true",[15,8246,8247],{},"bool(\"0\")",[15,8249,247],{},[41,8251,8253],{"className":43,"code":8252,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(bool(\"0\"))\n",[15,8254,8255],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,8256,8257,8259,8261,8263,8265,8267,8269,8271],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,8258,118],{"class":94},[50,8260,98],{"class":64},[50,8262,3948],{"class":557},[50,8264,98],{"class":64},[50,8266,811],{"class":604},[50,8268,2220],{"class":608},[50,8270,811],{"class":604},[50,8272,478],{"class":64},[20,8274,353],{},[41,8276,8277],{"className":43,"code":4061,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,8278,8279],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,8280,8281],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,8282,4061],{"class":207},[20,8284,8285,8286,425],{},"This happens because both values are ",[3824,8287,7626],{},[20,8289,8290,8292],{},[15,8291,3894],{}," does not read the word and decide what it means. It only checks whether the value is empty or not.",[20,8294,8295,8296,8301,8302,8304],{},"This matters a lot when working with ",[421,8297,8299],{"href":8298},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained\u002F",[15,8300,3055],{},", because ",[15,8303,3055],{}," always returns a string.",[20,8306,1602],{},[41,8308,8310],{"className":43,"code":8309,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"user_value = input(\"Enter True or False: \")\nprint(bool(user_value))\n",[15,8311,8312,8333],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,8313,8314,8317,8319,8322,8324,8326,8329,8331],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,8315,8316],{"class":56},"user_value ",[50,8318,61],{"class":60},[50,8320,8321],{"class":94}," input",[50,8323,98],{"class":64},[50,8325,811],{"class":604},[50,8327,8328],{"class":608},"Enter True or False: ",[50,8330,811],{"class":604},[50,8332,105],{"class":64},[50,8334,8335,8337,8339,8341,8343,8346],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,8336,118],{"class":94},[50,8338,98],{"class":64},[50,8340,3948],{"class":557},[50,8342,98],{"class":64},[50,8344,8345],{"class":101},"user_value",[50,8347,478],{"class":64},[20,8349,8350,8351,8353,8354,8301,8356,8358],{},"If the user types ",[15,8352,218],{},", the result will still be ",[15,8355,247],{},[15,8357,6758],{}," is not empty.",[36,8360,8362],{"id":8361},"when-you-may-not-need-bool","When you may not need bool()",[20,8364,8365,8366,8368,8369,8371],{},"In many ",[15,8367,7076],{}," statements, you do not need to write ",[15,8370,3894],{}," yourself.",[20,8373,8374],{},"Python already checks truthiness for you.",[20,8376,8377],{},"Instead of this:",[41,8379,8381],{"className":43,"code":8380,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif bool(my_list):\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,8382,8383,8404,8408,8422],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,8384,8385,8388,8390,8392,8394,8396,8398,8400,8402],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,8386,8387],{"class":56},"my_list ",[50,8389,61],{"class":60},[50,8391,65],{"class":64},[50,8393,366],{"class":68},[50,8395,72],{"class":64},[50,8397,80],{"class":68},[50,8399,72],{"class":64},[50,8401,500],{"class":68},[50,8403,83],{"class":64},[50,8405,8406],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,8407,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,8409,8410,8412,8414,8416,8419],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,8411,7076],{"class":3957},[50,8413,8059],{"class":557},[50,8415,98],{"class":64},[50,8417,8418],{"class":101},"my_list",[50,8420,8421],{"class":64},"):\n",[50,8423,8424,8426,8428,8430,8433,8435],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,8425,8148],{"class":94},[50,8427,98],{"class":64},[50,8429,811],{"class":604},[50,8431,8432],{"class":608},"List has items",[50,8434,811],{"class":604},[50,8436,105],{"class":64},[20,8438,8439],{},"You can simply write:",[41,8441,8443],{"className":43,"code":8442,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif my_list:\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,8444,8445,8465,8469,8478],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,8446,8447,8449,8451,8453,8455,8457,8459,8461,8463],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,8448,8387],{"class":56},[50,8450,61],{"class":60},[50,8452,65],{"class":64},[50,8454,366],{"class":68},[50,8456,72],{"class":64},[50,8458,80],{"class":68},[50,8460,72],{"class":64},[50,8462,500],{"class":68},[50,8464,83],{"class":64},[50,8466,8467],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,8468,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,8470,8471,8473,8476],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,8472,7076],{"class":3957},[50,8474,8475],{"class":56}," my_list",[50,8477,6470],{"class":64},[50,8479,8480,8482,8484,8486,8488,8490],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,8481,8148],{"class":94},[50,8483,98],{"class":64},[50,8485,811],{"class":604},[50,8487,8432],{"class":608},[50,8489,811],{"class":604},[50,8491,105],{"class":64},[20,8493,8494],{},"Both examples work.",[20,8496,914,8497,8499],{},[15,8498,3894],{}," is still helpful when:",[158,8501,8502,8505,8513],{},[161,8503,8504],{},"you are learning how truthy and falsy values work",[161,8506,8507,8508,2976,8510,8512],{},"you want to store a real ",[15,8509,247],{},[15,8511,218],{}," value",[161,8514,8515],{},"you want to print the result clearly while debugging",[20,8517,8518,8519,425],{},"If you want to inspect the type of a value, see ",[421,8520,8521],{"href":2397},"Python type() function explained",[36,8523,1743],{"id":1742},[20,8525,8526,8527,425],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with ",[15,8528,3894],{},[222,8530,8532,8533,8535,8536],{"id":8531},"expecting-boolfalse-to-return-false","Expecting ",[15,8534,8207],{}," to return ",[15,8537,218],{},[20,8539,8540],{},"This is one of the most common problems.",[41,8542,8543],{"className":43,"code":7797,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,8544,8545],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,8546,8547,8549,8551,8553,8555,8557,8559,8561],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,8548,118],{"class":94},[50,8550,98],{"class":64},[50,8552,3948],{"class":557},[50,8554,98],{"class":64},[50,8556,811],{"class":604},[50,8558,218],{"class":608},[50,8560,811],{"class":604},[50,8562,478],{"class":64},[20,8564,353],{},[41,8566,8567],{"className":43,"code":4061,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,8568,8569],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,8570,8571],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,8572,4061],{"class":207},[20,8574,8575,8576,6759],{},"Why? Because ",[15,8577,6758],{},[20,8579,8580],{},"If you want to check the actual text, compare the string directly:",[41,8582,8584],{"className":43,"code":8583,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = \"False\"\nprint(value == \"True\")\n",[15,8585,8586,8598],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,8587,8588,8590,8592,8594,8596],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,8589,2544],{"class":56},[50,8591,61],{"class":60},[50,8593,700],{"class":604},[50,8595,218],{"class":608},[50,8597,705],{"class":604},[50,8599,8600,8602,8604,8606,8608,8610,8612,8614],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,8601,118],{"class":94},[50,8603,98],{"class":64},[50,8605,2544],{"class":101},[50,8607,4767],{"class":60},[50,8609,700],{"class":604},[50,8611,247],{"class":608},[50,8613,811],{"class":604},[50,8615,105],{"class":64},[20,8617,353],{},[41,8619,8620],{"className":43,"code":4122,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,8621,8622],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,8623,8624],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,8625,4122],{"class":207},[222,8627,8629],{"id":8628},"using-strings-from-input-and-expecting-automatic-yesno-conversion","Using strings from input() and expecting automatic yes\u002Fno conversion",[20,8631,8632,8634],{},[15,8633,3055],{}," returns text, not real Boolean values.",[41,8636,8638],{"className":43,"code":8637,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \")\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,8639,8640,8659],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,8641,8642,8644,8646,8648,8650,8652,8655,8657],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,8643,2544],{"class":56},[50,8645,61],{"class":60},[50,8647,8321],{"class":94},[50,8649,98],{"class":64},[50,8651,811],{"class":604},[50,8653,8654],{"class":608},"Enter yes or no: ",[50,8656,811],{"class":604},[50,8658,105],{"class":64},[50,8660,8661,8663,8665,8667,8669,8671],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,8662,118],{"class":94},[50,8664,98],{"class":64},[50,8666,3948],{"class":557},[50,8668,98],{"class":64},[50,8670,2570],{"class":101},[50,8672,478],{"class":64},[20,8674,8350,8675,8678,8679,8681,8682,8358],{},[15,8676,8677],{},"no",", the result is still ",[15,8680,247],{}," because ",[15,8683,8684],{},"\"no\"",[20,8686,8687],{},"A safer approach is to clean the text and compare it:",[41,8689,8691],{"className":43,"code":8690,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \").strip().lower()\nprint(value == \"yes\")\n",[15,8692,8693,8723],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,8694,8695,8697,8699,8701,8703,8705,8707,8709,8712,8715,8718,8720],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,8696,2544],{"class":56},[50,8698,61],{"class":60},[50,8700,8321],{"class":94},[50,8702,98],{"class":64},[50,8704,811],{"class":604},[50,8706,8654],{"class":608},[50,8708,811],{"class":604},[50,8710,8711],{"class":64},").",[50,8713,8714],{"class":101},"strip",[50,8716,8717],{"class":64},"().",[50,8719,1401],{"class":101},[50,8721,8722],{"class":64},"()\n",[50,8724,8725,8727,8729,8731,8733,8735,8738,8740],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,8726,118],{"class":94},[50,8728,98],{"class":64},[50,8730,2544],{"class":101},[50,8732,4767],{"class":60},[50,8734,700],{"class":604},[50,8736,8737],{"class":608},"yes",[50,8739,811],{"class":604},[50,8741,105],{"class":64},[20,8743,8744,8745,8747,8748,425],{},"This gives ",[15,8746,247],{}," only when the user enters ",[15,8749,8737],{},[222,8751,8753],{"id":8752},"confusing-empty-values-with-the-actual-value-false","Confusing empty values with the actual value False",[20,8755,8756],{},"These are different:",[158,8758,8759,8763,8767,8771,8775],{},[161,8760,8761],{},[15,8762,218],{},[161,8764,8765],{},[15,8766,2220],{},[161,8768,8769],{},[15,8770,6350],{},[161,8772,8773],{},[15,8774,3868],{},[161,8776,8777],{},[15,8778,208],{},[20,8780,8781,8782,8784,8785,8787],{},"They all become ",[15,8783,218],{}," with ",[15,8786,3894],{},", but they are not the same value.",[20,8789,8790],{},"You can check the type if needed:",[41,8792,8794],{"className":43,"code":8793,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = []\nprint(type(value))\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,8795,8796,8804,8818],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,8797,8798,8800,8802],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,8799,2544],{"class":56},[50,8801,61],{"class":60},[50,8803,7917],{"class":64},[50,8805,8806,8808,8810,8812,8814,8816],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,8807,118],{"class":94},[50,8809,98],{"class":64},[50,8811,558],{"class":557},[50,8813,98],{"class":64},[50,8815,2570],{"class":101},[50,8817,478],{"class":64},[50,8819,8820,8822,8824,8826,8828,8830],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,8821,118],{"class":94},[50,8823,98],{"class":64},[50,8825,3948],{"class":557},[50,8827,98],{"class":64},[50,8829,2570],{"class":101},[50,8831,478],{"class":64},[20,8833,353],{},[41,8835,8837],{"className":43,"code":8836,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"\u003Cclass 'list'>\nFalse\n",[15,8838,8839,8853],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,8840,8841,8843,8845,8847,8849,8851],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,8842,597],{"class":60},[50,8844,601],{"class":600},[50,8846,605],{"class":604},[50,8848,437],{"class":608},[50,8850,611],{"class":604},[50,8852,614],{"class":60},[50,8854,8855],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,8856,4122],{"class":207},[222,8858,914,8860,8862],{"id":8859},"using-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,8861,3873],{}," expecting an empty set",[20,8864,8865,8866,8868],{},"In Python, ",[15,8867,3873],{}," creates an empty dictionary, not an empty set.",[41,8870,8872],{"className":43,"code":8871,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(type({}))\n",[15,8873,8874],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,8875,8876,8878,8880,8882],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,8877,118],{"class":94},[50,8879,98],{"class":64},[50,8881,558],{"class":557},[50,8883,7537],{"class":64},[20,8885,353],{},[41,8887,8889],{"className":43,"code":8888,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,8890,8891],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,8892,8893,8895,8897,8899,8902,8904],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,8894,597],{"class":60},[50,8896,601],{"class":600},[50,8898,605],{"class":604},[50,8900,8901],{"class":608},"dict",[50,8903,611],{"class":604},[50,8905,614],{"class":60},[20,8907,8908],{},"To make an empty set, use:",[41,8910,8912],{"className":43,"code":8911,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(type(set()))\n",[15,8913,8914],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,8915,8916,8918,8920,8922,8924,8926],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,8917,118],{"class":94},[50,8919,98],{"class":64},[50,8921,558],{"class":557},[50,8923,98],{"class":64},[50,8925,617],{"class":557},[50,8927,6367],{"class":64},[20,8929,353],{},[41,8931,8933],{"className":43,"code":8932,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,8934,8935],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,8936,8937,8939,8941,8943,8945,8947],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,8938,597],{"class":60},[50,8940,601],{"class":600},[50,8942,605],{"class":604},[50,8944,617],{"class":608},[50,8946,611],{"class":604},[50,8948,614],{"class":60},[36,8950,8952],{"id":8951},"helpful-debugging-checks","Helpful debugging checks",[20,8954,8955,8956,8958],{},"If ",[15,8957,3894],{}," gives a result you did not expect, these checks can help:",[41,8960,8962],{"className":43,"code":8961,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(bool(value))\nprint(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(value == \"True\")\nprint(value.strip().lower())\n",[15,8963,8964,8978,8992,9002,9020],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,8965,8966,8968,8970,8972,8974,8976],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,8967,118],{"class":94},[50,8969,98],{"class":64},[50,8971,3948],{"class":557},[50,8973,98],{"class":64},[50,8975,2570],{"class":101},[50,8977,478],{"class":64},[50,8979,8980,8982,8984,8986,8988,8990],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,8981,118],{"class":94},[50,8983,98],{"class":64},[50,8985,558],{"class":557},[50,8987,98],{"class":64},[50,8989,2570],{"class":101},[50,8991,478],{"class":64},[50,8993,8994,8996,8998,9000],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,8995,118],{"class":94},[50,8997,98],{"class":64},[50,8999,2570],{"class":101},[50,9001,105],{"class":64},[50,9003,9004,9006,9008,9010,9012,9014,9016,9018],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,9005,118],{"class":94},[50,9007,98],{"class":64},[50,9009,2544],{"class":101},[50,9011,4767],{"class":60},[50,9013,700],{"class":604},[50,9015,247],{"class":608},[50,9017,811],{"class":604},[50,9019,105],{"class":64},[50,9021,9022,9024,9026,9028,9030,9032,9034,9036],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,9023,118],{"class":94},[50,9025,98],{"class":64},[50,9027,2570],{"class":101},[50,9029,425],{"class":64},[50,9031,8714],{"class":101},[50,9033,8717],{"class":64},[50,9035,1401],{"class":101},[50,9037,7273],{"class":64},[20,9039,9040],{},"These are useful for finding out:",[158,9042,9043,9046,9049,9052],{},[161,9044,9045],{},"what the value really is",[161,9047,9048],{},"whether it is a string",[161,9050,9051],{},"whether it contains spaces",[161,9053,9054],{},"whether it matches the text you expected",[20,9056,9057,9058,425],{},"This is especially helpful when handling user input. You may also want to read ",[421,9059,9061],{"href":9060},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-user-input-to-numbers-in-python\u002F","how to convert user input to numbers in Python",[36,9063,1913],{"id":1912},[222,9065,9067],{"id":9066},"what-does-bool-return-in-python","What does bool() return in Python?",[20,9069,9070,9071,2976,9073,425],{},"It returns either ",[15,9072,247],{},[15,9074,218],{},[222,9076,9078],{"id":9077},"what-happens-if-i-call-bool-with-no-argument","What happens if I call bool() with no argument?",[20,9080,5227,9081,425],{},[15,9082,218],{},[222,9084,9086],{"id":9085},"why-does-boolfalse-return-true","Why does bool(\"False\") return True?",[20,9088,9089,9090,425],{},"Because the string is not empty. Non-empty strings are ",[15,9091,247],{},[222,9093,9095],{"id":9094},"does-bool0-return-false","Does bool(0) return False?",[20,9097,9098,9099,425],{},"Yes. Zero values are ",[15,9100,218],{},[222,9102,9104],{"id":9103},"should-i-use-bool-inside-every-if-statement","Should I use bool() inside every if statement?",[20,9106,9107,9108,2976,9110,3818],{},"No. Python already treats many values as ",[15,9109,247],{},[15,9111,218],{},[36,9113,1975],{"id":1974},[158,9115,9116,9121,9125,9130,9134,9139],{},[161,9117,9118],{},[421,9119,9120],{"href":5855},"Python booleans explained: True and False",[161,9122,9123],{},[421,9124,8188],{"href":8187},[161,9126,9127],{},[421,9128,9129],{"href":8298},"Python input() function explained",[161,9131,9132],{},[421,9133,8521],{"href":2397},[161,9135,9136],{},[421,9137,9138],{"href":9060},"How to convert user input to numbers in Python",[161,9140,9141],{},[421,9142,9143],{"href":7289},"What is a Boolean in Python?",[2018,9145,9146],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":9148},[9149,9150,9151,9152,9153,9154,9160,9166,9167,9175,9176,9183],{"id":38,"depth":86,"text":39},{"id":7226,"depth":86,"text":7227},{"id":7293,"depth":86,"text":7294},{"id":7412,"depth":86,"text":7413},{"id":7607,"depth":86,"text":7608},{"id":7838,"depth":86,"text":7839,"children":9155},[9156,9157,9158,9159],{"id":7848,"depth":108,"text":7849},{"id":7944,"depth":108,"text":7945},{"id":8029,"depth":108,"text":8030},{"id":8102,"depth":108,"text":8103},{"id":8191,"depth":86,"text":8192,"children":9161},[9162,9164],{"id":8204,"depth":108,"text":9163},"bool(\"False\") returns True",{"id":8244,"depth":108,"text":9165},"bool(\"0\") returns True",{"id":8361,"depth":86,"text":8362},{"id":1742,"depth":86,"text":1743,"children":9168},[9169,9171,9172,9173],{"id":8531,"depth":108,"text":9170},"Expecting bool(\"False\") to return False",{"id":8628,"depth":108,"text":8629},{"id":8752,"depth":108,"text":8753},{"id":8859,"depth":108,"text":9174},"Using {} expecting an empty set",{"id":8951,"depth":86,"text":8952},{"id":1912,"depth":86,"text":1913,"children":9177},[9178,9179,9180,9181,9182],{"id":9066,"depth":108,"text":9067},{"id":9077,"depth":108,"text":9078},{"id":9085,"depth":108,"text":9086},{"id":9094,"depth":108,"text":9095},{"id":9103,"depth":108,"text":9104},{"id":1974,"depth":86,"text":1975},"Master python bool function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained",{"title":7053,"description":9184},"reference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained","pI2oMfdg_YnAHiyOUFPGbqEmJXu7efHhSyUkPc3C068",{"id":9191,"title":9192,"body":9193,"description":11379,"extension":2064,"meta":11380,"navigation":111,"path":11381,"seo":11382,"stem":11383,"__hash__":11384},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained.md","Python dict() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":9194,"toc":11341},[9195,9201,9207,9214,9219,9230,9237,9344,9348,9415,9420,9425,9430,9433,9444,9449,9452,9463,9470,9472,9477,9481,9506,9510,9519,9523,9586,9590,9623,9627,9672,9676,9713,9717,9720,9776,9780,9826,9829,9834,9873,9877,9900,9903,9917,9930,9934,9939,10006,10010,10046,10049,10057,10060,10124,10128,10160,10166,10168,10228,10235,10238,10316,10320,10353,10357,10360,10404,10408,10444,10447,10464,10467,10470,10522,10525,10536,10543,10552,10555,10612,10616,10657,10664,10672,10677,10685,10697,10702,10713,10786,10789,10801,10817,10821,10826,10830,10832,10875,10881,10884,10947,10951,10954,10963,10968,11005,11009,11012,11020,11023,11062,11066,11069,11120,11124,11145,11152,11154,11160,11186,11189,11243,11246,11257,11259,11266,11274,11280,11285,11292,11295,11302,11309,11311,11338],[10,9196,13,9198,18],{"id":9197},"python-dict-function-explained",[15,9199,9200],{},"dict()",[20,9202,9203,9204,9206],{},"The built-in ",[15,9205,9200],{}," function creates a new dictionary.",[20,9208,9209,9210,9213],{},"A dictionary stores data as ",[3824,9211,9212],{},"key-value pairs",". You use it when you want to connect one piece of data to another, such as a name to an age or a product to a price.",[20,9215,9216,9218],{},[15,9217,9200],{}," is commonly used to:",[158,9220,9221,9224,9227],{},[161,9222,9223],{},"create an empty dictionary",[161,9225,9226],{},"convert key-value pairs into a dictionary",[161,9228,9229],{},"build a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,9231,9232,9233,425],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, see ",[421,9234,9236],{"href":9235},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained\u002F","Python dictionaries explained",[41,9238,9240],{"className":43,"code":9239,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n\npairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\nprint(dict(pairs))\n",[15,9241,9242,9276,9287,9291,9329],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,9243,9244,9247,9249,9252,9254,9256,9258,9260,9262,9264,9266,9269,9271,9274],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,9245,9246],{"class":56},"data ",[50,9248,61],{"class":60},[50,9250,9251],{"class":557}," dict",[50,9253,98],{"class":64},[50,9255,814],{"class":201},[50,9257,61],{"class":60},[50,9259,611],{"class":604},[50,9261,5083],{"class":608},[50,9263,611],{"class":604},[50,9265,72],{"class":64},[50,9267,9268],{"class":201}," age",[50,9270,61],{"class":60},[50,9272,9273],{"class":68},"25",[50,9275,105],{"class":64},[50,9277,9278,9280,9282,9285],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,9279,118],{"class":94},[50,9281,98],{"class":64},[50,9283,9284],{"class":101},"data",[50,9286,105],{"class":64},[50,9288,9289],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,9290,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,9292,9293,9296,9298,9301,9303,9305,9307,9309,9311,9314,9316,9318,9320,9322,9324,9326],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,9294,9295],{"class":56},"pairs ",[50,9297,61],{"class":60},[50,9299,9300],{"class":64}," [(",[50,9302,611],{"class":604},[50,9304,421],{"class":608},[50,9306,611],{"class":604},[50,9308,72],{"class":64},[50,9310,75],{"class":68},[50,9312,9313],{"class":64},"),",[50,9315,521],{"class":64},[50,9317,611],{"class":604},[50,9319,4839],{"class":608},[50,9321,611],{"class":604},[50,9323,72],{"class":64},[50,9325,80],{"class":68},[50,9327,9328],{"class":64},")]\n",[50,9330,9331,9333,9335,9337,9339,9342],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,9332,118],{"class":94},[50,9334,98],{"class":64},[50,9336,8901],{"class":557},[50,9338,98],{"class":64},[50,9340,9341],{"class":101},"pairs",[50,9343,478],{"class":64},[20,9345,9346],{},[3824,9347,353],{},[41,9349,9351],{"className":43,"code":9350,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,9352,9353,9387],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,9354,9355,9358,9360,9362,9364,9366,9368,9370,9372,9374,9376,9378,9380,9382,9385],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,9356,9357],{"class":64},"{",[50,9359,611],{"class":604},[50,9361,814],{"class":608},[50,9363,611],{"class":604},[50,9365,819],{"class":64},[50,9367,605],{"class":604},[50,9369,5083],{"class":608},[50,9371,611],{"class":604},[50,9373,72],{"class":64},[50,9375,605],{"class":604},[50,9377,833],{"class":608},[50,9379,611],{"class":604},[50,9381,819],{"class":64},[50,9383,9384],{"class":68}," 25",[50,9386,645],{"class":64},[50,9388,9389,9391,9393,9395,9397,9399,9401,9403,9405,9407,9409,9411,9413],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,9390,9357],{"class":64},[50,9392,611],{"class":604},[50,9394,421],{"class":608},[50,9396,611],{"class":604},[50,9398,819],{"class":64},[50,9400,75],{"class":68},[50,9402,72],{"class":64},[50,9404,605],{"class":604},[50,9406,4839],{"class":608},[50,9408,611],{"class":604},[50,9410,819],{"class":64},[50,9412,80],{"class":68},[50,9414,645],{"class":64},[20,9416,920,9417,9419],{},[15,9418,9200],{}," to create a dictionary from keyword arguments or from key-value pairs.",[36,9421,153,9423,156],{"id":9422},"what-dict-does",[15,9424,9200],{},[20,9426,9427,9429],{},[15,9428,9200],{}," creates a new dictionary object.",[20,9431,9432],{},"A dictionary:",[158,9434,9435,9438,9441],{},[161,9436,9437],{},"stores data in key-value pairs",[161,9439,9440],{},"lets you look up values by key",[161,9442,9443],{},"is one of the most common Python data types",[20,9445,9446,9448],{},[15,9447,9200],{}," is a built-in Python function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[20,9450,9451],{},"Common uses include:",[158,9453,9454,9457,9460],{},[161,9455,9456],{},"making an empty dictionary",[161,9458,9459],{},"converting pairs into a dictionary",[161,9461,9462],{},"building a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,9464,9465,9466,425],{},"If you want a broader introduction to dictionary creation, see ",[421,9467,9469],{"href":9468},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary\u002F","creating a dictionary in Python",[36,9471,181],{"id":180},[20,9473,9474,9476],{},[15,9475,9200],{}," can be used in a few different ways.",[222,9478,9480],{"id":9479},"create-an-empty-dictionary","Create an empty dictionary",[41,9482,9484],{"className":43,"code":9483,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = dict()\nprint(data)\n",[15,9485,9486,9496],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,9487,9488,9490,9492,9494],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,9489,9246],{"class":56},[50,9491,61],{"class":60},[50,9493,9251],{"class":557},[50,9495,8722],{"class":64},[50,9497,9498,9500,9502,9504],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,9499,118],{"class":94},[50,9501,98],{"class":64},[50,9503,9284],{"class":101},[50,9505,105],{"class":64},[20,9507,9508],{},[3824,9509,353],{},[41,9511,9513],{"className":43,"code":9512,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{}\n",[15,9514,9515],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,9516,9517],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,9518,9512],{"class":64},[222,9520,9522],{"id":9521},"create-a-dictionary-from-pairs","Create a dictionary from pairs",[41,9524,9526],{"className":43,"code":9525,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9527,9528,9562,9576],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,9529,9530,9532,9534,9536,9538,9540,9542,9544,9546,9548,9550,9552,9554,9556,9558,9560],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,9531,9295],{"class":56},[50,9533,61],{"class":60},[50,9535,9300],{"class":64},[50,9537,611],{"class":604},[50,9539,421],{"class":608},[50,9541,611],{"class":604},[50,9543,72],{"class":64},[50,9545,75],{"class":68},[50,9547,9313],{"class":64},[50,9549,521],{"class":64},[50,9551,611],{"class":604},[50,9553,4839],{"class":608},[50,9555,611],{"class":604},[50,9557,72],{"class":64},[50,9559,80],{"class":68},[50,9561,9328],{"class":64},[50,9563,9564,9566,9568,9570,9572,9574],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,9565,9246],{"class":56},[50,9567,61],{"class":60},[50,9569,9251],{"class":557},[50,9571,98],{"class":64},[50,9573,9341],{"class":101},[50,9575,105],{"class":64},[50,9577,9578,9580,9582,9584],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,9579,118],{"class":94},[50,9581,98],{"class":64},[50,9583,9284],{"class":101},[50,9585,105],{"class":64},[20,9587,9588],{},[3824,9589,353],{},[41,9591,9593],{"className":43,"code":9592,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,9594,9595],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,9596,9597,9599,9601,9603,9605,9607,9609,9611,9613,9615,9617,9619,9621],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,9598,9357],{"class":64},[50,9600,611],{"class":604},[50,9602,421],{"class":608},[50,9604,611],{"class":604},[50,9606,819],{"class":64},[50,9608,75],{"class":68},[50,9610,72],{"class":64},[50,9612,605],{"class":604},[50,9614,4839],{"class":608},[50,9616,611],{"class":604},[50,9618,819],{"class":64},[50,9620,80],{"class":68},[50,9622,645],{"class":64},[222,9624,9626],{"id":9625},"create-a-dictionary-from-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary from keyword arguments",[41,9628,9630],{"className":43,"code":9629,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9631,9632,9662],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,9633,9634,9636,9638,9640,9642,9644,9646,9648,9650,9652,9654,9656,9658,9660],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,9635,9246],{"class":56},[50,9637,61],{"class":60},[50,9639,9251],{"class":557},[50,9641,98],{"class":64},[50,9643,814],{"class":201},[50,9645,61],{"class":60},[50,9647,611],{"class":604},[50,9649,5083],{"class":608},[50,9651,611],{"class":604},[50,9653,72],{"class":64},[50,9655,9268],{"class":201},[50,9657,61],{"class":60},[50,9659,9273],{"class":68},[50,9661,105],{"class":64},[50,9663,9664,9666,9668,9670],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,9665,118],{"class":94},[50,9667,98],{"class":64},[50,9669,9284],{"class":101},[50,9671,105],{"class":64},[20,9673,9674],{},[3824,9675,353],{},[41,9677,9679],{"className":43,"code":9678,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n",[15,9680,9681],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,9682,9683,9685,9687,9689,9691,9693,9695,9697,9699,9701,9703,9705,9707,9709,9711],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,9684,9357],{"class":64},[50,9686,611],{"class":604},[50,9688,814],{"class":608},[50,9690,611],{"class":604},[50,9692,819],{"class":64},[50,9694,605],{"class":604},[50,9696,5083],{"class":608},[50,9698,611],{"class":604},[50,9700,72],{"class":64},[50,9702,605],{"class":604},[50,9704,833],{"class":608},[50,9706,611],{"class":604},[50,9708,819],{"class":64},[50,9710,9384],{"class":68},[50,9712,645],{"class":64},[222,9714,9716],{"id":9715},"combine-pairs-or-a-mapping-with-keyword-arguments","Combine pairs or a mapping with keyword arguments",[20,9718,9719],{},"You can also start with existing data and add more values:",[41,9721,9723],{"className":43,"code":9722,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = dict([('a', 1)], b=2, c=3)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9724,9725,9766],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,9726,9727,9729,9731,9733,9736,9738,9740,9742,9744,9746,9749,9751,9753,9755,9757,9760,9762,9764],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,9728,9246],{"class":56},[50,9730,61],{"class":60},[50,9732,9251],{"class":557},[50,9734,9735],{"class":64},"([(",[50,9737,611],{"class":604},[50,9739,421],{"class":608},[50,9741,611],{"class":604},[50,9743,72],{"class":64},[50,9745,75],{"class":68},[50,9747,9748],{"class":64},")],",[50,9750,2657],{"class":201},[50,9752,61],{"class":60},[50,9754,1564],{"class":68},[50,9756,72],{"class":64},[50,9758,9759],{"class":201}," c",[50,9761,61],{"class":60},[50,9763,69],{"class":68},[50,9765,105],{"class":64},[50,9767,9768,9770,9772,9774],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,9769,118],{"class":94},[50,9771,98],{"class":64},[50,9773,9284],{"class":101},[50,9775,105],{"class":64},[20,9777,9778],{},[3824,9779,353],{},[41,9781,9783],{"className":43,"code":9782,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}\n",[15,9784,9785],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,9786,9787,9789,9791,9793,9795,9797,9799,9801,9803,9805,9807,9809,9811,9813,9815,9818,9820,9822,9824],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,9788,9357],{"class":64},[50,9790,611],{"class":604},[50,9792,421],{"class":608},[50,9794,611],{"class":604},[50,9796,819],{"class":64},[50,9798,75],{"class":68},[50,9800,72],{"class":64},[50,9802,605],{"class":604},[50,9804,4839],{"class":608},[50,9806,611],{"class":604},[50,9808,819],{"class":64},[50,9810,80],{"class":68},[50,9812,72],{"class":64},[50,9814,605],{"class":604},[50,9816,9817],{"class":608},"c",[50,9819,611],{"class":604},[50,9821,819],{"class":64},[50,9823,500],{"class":68},[50,9825,645],{"class":64},[36,9827,9480],{"id":9828},"create-an-empty-dictionary-1",[20,9830,920,9831,9833],{},[15,9832,9200],{}," when you want a clear function-style way to create an empty dictionary.",[41,9835,9837],{"className":43,"code":9836,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = dict()\nprint(type(data))\nprint(data)\n",[15,9838,9839,9849,9863],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,9840,9841,9843,9845,9847],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,9842,9246],{"class":56},[50,9844,61],{"class":60},[50,9846,9251],{"class":557},[50,9848,8722],{"class":64},[50,9850,9851,9853,9855,9857,9859,9861],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,9852,118],{"class":94},[50,9854,98],{"class":64},[50,9856,558],{"class":557},[50,9858,98],{"class":64},[50,9860,9284],{"class":101},[50,9862,478],{"class":64},[50,9864,9865,9867,9869,9871],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,9866,118],{"class":94},[50,9868,98],{"class":64},[50,9870,9284],{"class":101},[50,9872,105],{"class":64},[20,9874,9875],{},[3824,9876,353],{},[41,9878,9880],{"className":43,"code":9879,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n{}\n",[15,9881,9882,9896],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,9883,9884,9886,9888,9890,9892,9894],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,9885,597],{"class":60},[50,9887,601],{"class":600},[50,9889,605],{"class":604},[50,9891,8901],{"class":608},[50,9893,611],{"class":604},[50,9895,614],{"class":60},[50,9897,9898],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,9899,9512],{"class":64},[20,9901,9902],{},"This gives the same result as:",[41,9904,9906],{"className":43,"code":9905,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {}\n",[15,9907,9908],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,9909,9910,9912,9914],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,9911,9246],{"class":56},[50,9913,61],{"class":60},[50,9915,9916],{"class":64}," {}\n",[20,9918,9919,9920,9922,9923,9926,9927,9929],{},"For empty dictionaries, ",[15,9921,3873],{}," is more common because it is shorter.",[9924,9925],"br",{},"\nStill, ",[15,9928,9200],{}," is useful to know because it can do more than just create an empty dictionary.",[36,9931,9933],{"id":9932},"create-a-dictionary-from-key-value-pairs","Create a dictionary from key-value pairs",[20,9935,9936,9937,425],{},"You can pass an iterable of 2-item pairs to ",[15,9938,9200],{},[41,9940,9942],{"className":43,"code":9941,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"pairs = [('name', 'Alice'), ('age', 25)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9943,9944,9982,9996],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,9945,9946,9948,9950,9952,9954,9956,9958,9960,9962,9964,9966,9968,9970,9972,9974,9976,9978,9980],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,9947,9295],{"class":56},[50,9949,61],{"class":60},[50,9951,9300],{"class":64},[50,9953,611],{"class":604},[50,9955,814],{"class":608},[50,9957,611],{"class":604},[50,9959,72],{"class":64},[50,9961,605],{"class":604},[50,9963,5083],{"class":608},[50,9965,611],{"class":604},[50,9967,9313],{"class":64},[50,9969,521],{"class":64},[50,9971,611],{"class":604},[50,9973,833],{"class":608},[50,9975,611],{"class":604},[50,9977,72],{"class":64},[50,9979,9384],{"class":68},[50,9981,9328],{"class":64},[50,9983,9984,9986,9988,9990,9992,9994],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,9985,9246],{"class":56},[50,9987,61],{"class":60},[50,9989,9251],{"class":557},[50,9991,98],{"class":64},[50,9993,9341],{"class":101},[50,9995,105],{"class":64},[50,9997,9998,10000,10002,10004],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,9999,118],{"class":94},[50,10001,98],{"class":64},[50,10003,9284],{"class":101},[50,10005,105],{"class":64},[20,10007,10008],{},[3824,10009,353],{},[41,10011,10012],{"className":43,"code":9678,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,10013,10014],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,10015,10016,10018,10020,10022,10024,10026,10028,10030,10032,10034,10036,10038,10040,10042,10044],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,10017,9357],{"class":64},[50,10019,611],{"class":604},[50,10021,814],{"class":608},[50,10023,611],{"class":604},[50,10025,819],{"class":64},[50,10027,605],{"class":604},[50,10029,5083],{"class":608},[50,10031,611],{"class":604},[50,10033,72],{"class":64},[50,10035,605],{"class":604},[50,10037,833],{"class":608},[50,10039,611],{"class":604},[50,10041,819],{"class":64},[50,10043,9384],{"class":68},[50,10045,645],{"class":64},[20,10047,10048],{},"Each pair becomes:",[158,10050,10051,10054],{},[161,10052,10053],{},"the first item as the key",[161,10055,10056],{},"the second item as the value",[20,10058,10059],{},"For example, this also works with tuples:",[41,10061,10063],{"className":43,"code":10062,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"pairs = (('a', 1), ('b', 2))\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10064,10065,10100,10114],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,10066,10067,10069,10071,10074,10076,10078,10080,10082,10084,10086,10088,10090,10092,10094,10096,10098],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,10068,9295],{"class":56},[50,10070,61],{"class":60},[50,10072,10073],{"class":64}," ((",[50,10075,611],{"class":604},[50,10077,421],{"class":608},[50,10079,611],{"class":604},[50,10081,72],{"class":64},[50,10083,75],{"class":68},[50,10085,9313],{"class":64},[50,10087,521],{"class":64},[50,10089,611],{"class":604},[50,10091,4839],{"class":608},[50,10093,611],{"class":604},[50,10095,72],{"class":64},[50,10097,80],{"class":68},[50,10099,478],{"class":64},[50,10101,10102,10104,10106,10108,10110,10112],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,10103,9246],{"class":56},[50,10105,61],{"class":60},[50,10107,9251],{"class":557},[50,10109,98],{"class":64},[50,10111,9341],{"class":101},[50,10113,105],{"class":64},[50,10115,10116,10118,10120,10122],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,10117,118],{"class":94},[50,10119,98],{"class":64},[50,10121,9284],{"class":101},[50,10123,105],{"class":64},[20,10125,10126],{},[3824,10127,353],{},[41,10129,10130],{"className":43,"code":9592,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,10131,10132],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,10133,10134,10136,10138,10140,10142,10144,10146,10148,10150,10152,10154,10156,10158],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,10135,9357],{"class":64},[50,10137,611],{"class":604},[50,10139,421],{"class":608},[50,10141,611],{"class":604},[50,10143,819],{"class":64},[50,10145,75],{"class":68},[50,10147,72],{"class":64},[50,10149,605],{"class":604},[50,10151,4839],{"class":608},[50,10153,611],{"class":604},[50,10155,819],{"class":64},[50,10157,80],{"class":68},[50,10159,645],{"class":64},[20,10161,10162,10163,425],{},"Each item must contain ",[3824,10164,10165],{},"exactly two elements",[20,10167,2934],{},[41,10169,10171],{"className":43,"code":10170,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"bad_data = [('a', 1, 100), ('b', 2)]\nresult = dict(bad_data)\n",[15,10172,10173,10213],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,10174,10175,10178,10180,10182,10184,10186,10188,10190,10192,10194,10197,10199,10201,10203,10205,10207,10209,10211],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,10176,10177],{"class":56},"bad_data ",[50,10179,61],{"class":60},[50,10181,9300],{"class":64},[50,10183,611],{"class":604},[50,10185,421],{"class":608},[50,10187,611],{"class":604},[50,10189,72],{"class":64},[50,10191,75],{"class":68},[50,10193,72],{"class":64},[50,10195,10196],{"class":68}," 100",[50,10198,9313],{"class":64},[50,10200,521],{"class":64},[50,10202,611],{"class":604},[50,10204,4839],{"class":608},[50,10206,611],{"class":604},[50,10208,72],{"class":64},[50,10210,80],{"class":68},[50,10212,9328],{"class":64},[50,10214,10215,10217,10219,10221,10223,10226],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,10216,89],{"class":56},[50,10218,61],{"class":60},[50,10220,9251],{"class":557},[50,10222,98],{"class":64},[50,10224,10225],{"class":101},"bad_data",[50,10227,105],{"class":64},[20,10229,10230,10231,10234],{},"Python raises an error because ",[15,10232,10233],{},"('a', 1, 100)"," has three values, not two.",[20,10236,10237],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the later value replaces the earlier one:",[41,10239,10241],{"className":43,"code":10240,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('a', 99), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10242,10243,10292,10306],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,10244,10245,10247,10249,10251,10253,10255,10257,10259,10261,10263,10265,10267,10269,10271,10273,10276,10278,10280,10282,10284,10286,10288,10290],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,10246,9295],{"class":56},[50,10248,61],{"class":60},[50,10250,9300],{"class":64},[50,10252,611],{"class":604},[50,10254,421],{"class":608},[50,10256,611],{"class":604},[50,10258,72],{"class":64},[50,10260,75],{"class":68},[50,10262,9313],{"class":64},[50,10264,521],{"class":64},[50,10266,611],{"class":604},[50,10268,421],{"class":608},[50,10270,611],{"class":604},[50,10272,72],{"class":64},[50,10274,10275],{"class":68}," 99",[50,10277,9313],{"class":64},[50,10279,521],{"class":64},[50,10281,611],{"class":604},[50,10283,4839],{"class":608},[50,10285,611],{"class":604},[50,10287,72],{"class":64},[50,10289,80],{"class":68},[50,10291,9328],{"class":64},[50,10293,10294,10296,10298,10300,10302,10304],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,10295,9246],{"class":56},[50,10297,61],{"class":60},[50,10299,9251],{"class":557},[50,10301,98],{"class":64},[50,10303,9341],{"class":101},[50,10305,105],{"class":64},[50,10307,10308,10310,10312,10314],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,10309,118],{"class":94},[50,10311,98],{"class":64},[50,10313,9284],{"class":101},[50,10315,105],{"class":64},[20,10317,10318],{},[3824,10319,353],{},[41,10321,10323],{"className":43,"code":10322,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'a': 99, 'b': 2}\n",[15,10324,10325],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,10326,10327,10329,10331,10333,10335,10337,10339,10341,10343,10345,10347,10349,10351],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,10328,9357],{"class":64},[50,10330,611],{"class":604},[50,10332,421],{"class":608},[50,10334,611],{"class":604},[50,10336,819],{"class":64},[50,10338,10275],{"class":68},[50,10340,72],{"class":64},[50,10342,605],{"class":604},[50,10344,4839],{"class":608},[50,10346,611],{"class":604},[50,10348,819],{"class":64},[50,10350,80],{"class":68},[50,10352,645],{"class":64},[36,10354,10356],{"id":10355},"create-a-dictionary-with-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary with keyword arguments",[20,10358,10359],{},"You can also build a dictionary using keyword arguments:",[41,10361,10362],{"className":43,"code":9629,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,10363,10364,10394],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,10365,10366,10368,10370,10372,10374,10376,10378,10380,10382,10384,10386,10388,10390,10392],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,10367,9246],{"class":56},[50,10369,61],{"class":60},[50,10371,9251],{"class":557},[50,10373,98],{"class":64},[50,10375,814],{"class":201},[50,10377,61],{"class":60},[50,10379,611],{"class":604},[50,10381,5083],{"class":608},[50,10383,611],{"class":604},[50,10385,72],{"class":64},[50,10387,9268],{"class":201},[50,10389,61],{"class":60},[50,10391,9273],{"class":68},[50,10393,105],{"class":64},[50,10395,10396,10398,10400,10402],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,10397,118],{"class":94},[50,10399,98],{"class":64},[50,10401,9284],{"class":101},[50,10403,105],{"class":64},[20,10405,10406],{},[3824,10407,353],{},[41,10409,10410],{"className":43,"code":9678,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,10411,10412],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,10413,10414,10416,10418,10420,10422,10424,10426,10428,10430,10432,10434,10436,10438,10440,10442],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,10415,9357],{"class":64},[50,10417,611],{"class":604},[50,10419,814],{"class":608},[50,10421,611],{"class":604},[50,10423,819],{"class":64},[50,10425,605],{"class":604},[50,10427,5083],{"class":608},[50,10429,611],{"class":604},[50,10431,72],{"class":64},[50,10433,605],{"class":604},[50,10435,833],{"class":608},[50,10437,611],{"class":604},[50,10439,819],{"class":64},[50,10441,9384],{"class":68},[50,10443,645],{"class":64},[20,10445,10446],{},"In this form:",[158,10448,10449,10457],{},[161,10450,10451,10453,10454],{},[15,10452,814],{}," becomes the string key ",[15,10455,10456],{},"'name'",[161,10458,10459,10453,10461],{},[15,10460,833],{},[15,10462,10463],{},"'age'",[20,10465,10466],{},"This only works when the key names are valid Python identifiers.",[20,10468,10469],{},"Valid examples:",[41,10471,10473],{"className":43,"code":10472,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = dict(city='Paris', country='France')\nprint(data)\n",[15,10474,10475,10512],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,10476,10477,10479,10481,10483,10485,10487,10489,10491,10494,10496,10498,10501,10503,10505,10508,10510],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,10478,9246],{"class":56},[50,10480,61],{"class":60},[50,10482,9251],{"class":557},[50,10484,98],{"class":64},[50,10486,847],{"class":201},[50,10488,61],{"class":60},[50,10490,611],{"class":604},[50,10492,10493],{"class":608},"Paris",[50,10495,611],{"class":604},[50,10497,72],{"class":64},[50,10499,10500],{"class":201}," country",[50,10502,61],{"class":60},[50,10504,611],{"class":604},[50,10506,10507],{"class":608},"France",[50,10509,611],{"class":604},[50,10511,105],{"class":64},[50,10513,10514,10516,10518,10520],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,10515,118],{"class":94},[50,10517,98],{"class":64},[50,10519,9284],{"class":101},[50,10521,105],{"class":64},[20,10523,10524],{},"Invalid key names include ones with:",[158,10526,10527,10530,10533],{},[161,10528,10529],{},"spaces",[161,10531,10532],{},"hyphens",[161,10534,10535],{},"names that start with numbers",[20,10537,10538,10539,10542],{},"For example, this is ",[3824,10540,10541],{},"not valid"," syntax:",[41,10544,10546],{"className":43,"code":10545,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"# dict(first-name='Sam')\n",[15,10547,10548],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,10549,10550],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,10551,10545],{"class":129},[20,10553,10554],{},"If you need keys like that, use normal dictionary syntax instead:",[41,10556,10558],{"className":43,"code":10557,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,10559,10560,10602],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,10561,10562,10564,10566,10568,10570,10573,10575,10577,10579,10581,10583,10585,10587,10590,10592,10594,10596,10598,10600],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,10563,9246],{"class":56},[50,10565,61],{"class":60},[50,10567,632],{"class":64},[50,10569,611],{"class":604},[50,10571,10572],{"class":608},"first-name",[50,10574,611],{"class":604},[50,10576,819],{"class":64},[50,10578,605],{"class":604},[50,10580,7756],{"class":608},[50,10582,611],{"class":604},[50,10584,72],{"class":64},[50,10586,605],{"class":604},[50,10588,10589],{"class":608},"first name",[50,10591,611],{"class":604},[50,10593,819],{"class":64},[50,10595,605],{"class":604},[50,10597,7756],{"class":608},[50,10599,611],{"class":604},[50,10601,645],{"class":64},[50,10603,10604,10606,10608,10610],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,10605,118],{"class":94},[50,10607,98],{"class":64},[50,10609,9284],{"class":101},[50,10611,105],{"class":64},[20,10613,10614],{},[3824,10615,353],{},[41,10617,10619],{"className":43,"code":10618,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\n",[15,10620,10621],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,10622,10623,10625,10627,10629,10631,10633,10635,10637,10639,10641,10643,10645,10647,10649,10651,10653,10655],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,10624,9357],{"class":64},[50,10626,611],{"class":604},[50,10628,10572],{"class":608},[50,10630,611],{"class":604},[50,10632,819],{"class":64},[50,10634,605],{"class":604},[50,10636,7756],{"class":608},[50,10638,611],{"class":604},[50,10640,72],{"class":64},[50,10642,605],{"class":604},[50,10644,10589],{"class":608},[50,10646,611],{"class":604},[50,10648,819],{"class":64},[50,10650,605],{"class":604},[50,10652,7756],{"class":608},[50,10654,611],{"class":604},[50,10656,645],{"class":64},[36,10658,10660,1467,10662],{"id":10659},"dict-vs",[15,10661,9200],{},[15,10663,3873],{},[20,10665,10666,10667,4472,10669,10671],{},"Both ",[15,10668,9200],{},[15,10670,3873],{}," create dictionaries, but they are used in slightly different situations.",[222,10673,920,10675,1504],{"id":10674},"use-when",[15,10676,3873],{},[158,10678,10679,10682],{},[161,10680,10681],{},"you want an empty dictionary",[161,10683,10684],{},"you want the shortest and most common syntax",[41,10686,10687],{"className":43,"code":9905,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,10688,10689],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,10690,10691,10693,10695],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,10692,9246],{"class":56},[50,10694,61],{"class":60},[50,10696,9916],{"class":64},[222,10698,920,10700,1504],{"id":10699},"use-dict-when",[15,10701,9200],{},[158,10703,10704,10707,10710],{},[161,10705,10706],{},"you want to convert existing key-value pairs into a dictionary",[161,10708,10709],{},"you want to use keyword arguments",[161,10711,10712],{},"the function form makes the code easier to read",[41,10714,10716],{"className":43,"code":10715,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = dict([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\ninfo = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\n",[15,10717,10718,10755],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,10719,10720,10722,10724,10726,10728,10730,10732,10734,10736,10738,10740,10742,10744,10746,10748,10750,10752],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,10721,9246],{"class":56},[50,10723,61],{"class":60},[50,10725,9251],{"class":557},[50,10727,9735],{"class":64},[50,10729,611],{"class":604},[50,10731,421],{"class":608},[50,10733,611],{"class":604},[50,10735,72],{"class":64},[50,10737,75],{"class":68},[50,10739,9313],{"class":64},[50,10741,521],{"class":64},[50,10743,611],{"class":604},[50,10745,4839],{"class":608},[50,10747,611],{"class":604},[50,10749,72],{"class":64},[50,10751,80],{"class":68},[50,10753,10754],{"class":64},")])\n",[50,10756,10757,10760,10762,10764,10766,10768,10770,10772,10774,10776,10778,10780,10782,10784],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,10758,10759],{"class":56},"info ",[50,10761,61],{"class":60},[50,10763,9251],{"class":557},[50,10765,98],{"class":64},[50,10767,814],{"class":201},[50,10769,61],{"class":60},[50,10771,611],{"class":604},[50,10773,5083],{"class":608},[50,10775,611],{"class":604},[50,10777,72],{"class":64},[50,10779,9268],{"class":201},[50,10781,61],{"class":60},[50,10783,9273],{"class":68},[50,10785,105],{"class":64},[20,10787,10788],{},"So:",[158,10790,10791,10796],{},[161,10792,10793,10795],{},[15,10794,3873],{}," is shorter for an empty dictionary",[161,10797,10798,10800],{},[15,10799,9200],{}," is more flexible when building a dictionary from other data",[20,10802,10803,10804,10808,10809,425],{},"After creating a dictionary, you may want to ",[421,10805,10807],{"href":10806},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","add a key to a dictionary in Python"," or safely read values with the ",[421,10810,10812,10813,10816],{"href":10811},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method\u002F","Python dictionary ",[15,10814,10815],{},"get()"," method",[36,10818,10820],{"id":10819},"common-errors-and-limits","Common errors and limits",[20,10822,10823,10824,425],{},"Here are the most common problems beginners run into with ",[15,10825,9200],{},[222,10827,10829],{"id":10828},"passing-items-that-are-not-2-value-pairs","Passing items that are not 2-value pairs",[20,10831,4605],{},[41,10833,10835],{"className":43,"code":10834,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = ['a', 'b']\ndata = dict(items)\n",[15,10836,10837,10861],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,10838,10839,10841,10843,10845,10847,10849,10851,10853,10855,10857,10859],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,10840,7859],{"class":56},[50,10842,61],{"class":60},[50,10844,65],{"class":64},[50,10846,611],{"class":604},[50,10848,421],{"class":608},[50,10850,611],{"class":604},[50,10852,72],{"class":64},[50,10854,605],{"class":604},[50,10856,4839],{"class":608},[50,10858,611],{"class":604},[50,10860,83],{"class":64},[50,10862,10863,10865,10867,10869,10871,10873],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,10864,9246],{"class":56},[50,10866,61],{"class":60},[50,10868,9251],{"class":557},[50,10870,98],{"class":64},[50,10872,7888],{"class":101},[50,10874,105],{"class":64},[20,10876,10877,10878,425],{},"This fails because each item must be a pair like ",[15,10879,10880],{},"('a', 1)",[20,10882,10883],{},"Correct version:",[41,10885,10887],{"className":43,"code":10886,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(items)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10888,10889,10923,10937],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,10890,10891,10893,10895,10897,10899,10901,10903,10905,10907,10909,10911,10913,10915,10917,10919,10921],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,10892,7859],{"class":56},[50,10894,61],{"class":60},[50,10896,9300],{"class":64},[50,10898,611],{"class":604},[50,10900,421],{"class":608},[50,10902,611],{"class":604},[50,10904,72],{"class":64},[50,10906,75],{"class":68},[50,10908,9313],{"class":64},[50,10910,521],{"class":64},[50,10912,611],{"class":604},[50,10914,4839],{"class":608},[50,10916,611],{"class":604},[50,10918,72],{"class":64},[50,10920,80],{"class":68},[50,10922,9328],{"class":64},[50,10924,10925,10927,10929,10931,10933,10935],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,10926,9246],{"class":56},[50,10928,61],{"class":60},[50,10930,9251],{"class":557},[50,10932,98],{"class":64},[50,10934,7888],{"class":101},[50,10936,105],{"class":64},[50,10938,10939,10941,10943,10945],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,10940,118],{"class":94},[50,10942,98],{"class":64},[50,10944,9284],{"class":101},[50,10946,105],{"class":64},[222,10948,10950],{"id":10949},"using-invalid-keyword-syntax","Using invalid keyword syntax",[20,10952,10953],{},"This is not valid Python syntax:",[41,10955,10957],{"className":43,"code":10956,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"# dict(name: 'Alice')\n",[15,10958,10959],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,10960,10961],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,10962,10956],{"class":129},[20,10964,10965,10966,819],{},"Keyword arguments must use ",[15,10967,61],{},[41,10969,10971],{"className":43,"code":10970,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = dict(name='Alice')\nprint(data)\n",[15,10972,10973,10995],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,10974,10975,10977,10979,10981,10983,10985,10987,10989,10991,10993],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,10976,9246],{"class":56},[50,10978,61],{"class":60},[50,10980,9251],{"class":557},[50,10982,98],{"class":64},[50,10984,814],{"class":201},[50,10986,61],{"class":60},[50,10988,611],{"class":604},[50,10990,5083],{"class":608},[50,10992,611],{"class":604},[50,10994,105],{"class":64},[50,10996,10997,10999,11001,11003],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,10998,118],{"class":94},[50,11000,98],{"class":64},[50,11002,9284],{"class":101},[50,11004,105],{"class":64},[222,11006,11008],{"id":11007},"using-key-names-that-are-not-valid-identifiers","Using key names that are not valid identifiers",[20,11010,11011],{},"This will not work:",[41,11013,11014],{"className":43,"code":10545,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,11015,11016],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,11017,11018],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,11019,10545],{"class":129},[20,11021,11022],{},"Use standard dictionary syntax instead:",[41,11024,11026],{"className":43,"code":11025,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,11027,11028,11052],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,11029,11030,11032,11034,11036,11038,11040,11042,11044,11046,11048,11050],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,11031,9246],{"class":56},[50,11033,61],{"class":60},[50,11035,632],{"class":64},[50,11037,611],{"class":604},[50,11039,10572],{"class":608},[50,11041,611],{"class":604},[50,11043,819],{"class":64},[50,11045,605],{"class":604},[50,11047,7756],{"class":608},[50,11049,611],{"class":604},[50,11051,645],{"class":64},[50,11053,11054,11056,11058,11060],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,11055,118],{"class":94},[50,11057,98],{"class":64},[50,11059,9284],{"class":101},[50,11061,105],{"class":64},[222,11063,11065],{"id":11064},"expecting-duplicate-keys-to-be-kept","Expecting duplicate keys to be kept",[20,11067,11068],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins:",[41,11070,11072],{"className":43,"code":11071,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = dict([('x', 1), ('x', 2)])\nprint(data)\n",[15,11073,11074,11110],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,11075,11076,11078,11080,11082,11084,11086,11088,11090,11092,11094,11096,11098,11100,11102,11104,11106,11108],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,11077,9246],{"class":56},[50,11079,61],{"class":60},[50,11081,9251],{"class":557},[50,11083,9735],{"class":64},[50,11085,611],{"class":604},[50,11087,2273],{"class":608},[50,11089,611],{"class":604},[50,11091,72],{"class":64},[50,11093,75],{"class":68},[50,11095,9313],{"class":64},[50,11097,521],{"class":64},[50,11099,611],{"class":604},[50,11101,2273],{"class":608},[50,11103,611],{"class":604},[50,11105,72],{"class":64},[50,11107,80],{"class":68},[50,11109,10754],{"class":64},[50,11111,11112,11114,11116,11118],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,11113,118],{"class":94},[50,11115,98],{"class":64},[50,11117,9284],{"class":101},[50,11119,105],{"class":64},[20,11121,11122],{},[3824,11123,353],{},[41,11125,11127],{"className":43,"code":11126,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'x': 2}\n",[15,11128,11129],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,11130,11131,11133,11135,11137,11139,11141,11143],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,11132,9357],{"class":64},[50,11134,611],{"class":604},[50,11136,2273],{"class":608},[50,11138,611],{"class":604},[50,11140,819],{"class":64},[50,11142,80],{"class":68},[50,11144,645],{"class":64},[20,11146,11147,11148,425],{},"If you are getting missing-key problems later, you may also run into ",[421,11149,11151],{"href":11150},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F","KeyError in Python",[36,11153,1743],{"id":1742},[20,11155,11156,11157,11159],{},"Common causes of problems with ",[15,11158,9200],{}," include:",[158,11161,11162,11171,11177,11180],{},[161,11163,11164,11165,1940,11168],{},"passing a list like ",[15,11166,11167],{},"['a', 'b']",[15,11169,11170],{},"[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]",[161,11172,11173,11174],{},"using invalid keyword-style keys such as ",[15,11175,11176],{},"dict(first-name='Sam')",[161,11178,11179],{},"expecting duplicate keys to be kept separately",[161,11181,11182,11183,11185],{},"confusing ",[15,11184,9200],{}," with the broader topic of dictionary creation in general",[20,11187,11188],{},"If something is not working, these quick checks can help:",[41,11190,11192],{"className":43,"code":11191,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(list_of_pairs)\nprint(len(list_of_pairs))\n",[15,11193,11194,11208,11218,11229],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,11195,11196,11198,11200,11202,11204,11206],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,11197,118],{"class":94},[50,11199,98],{"class":64},[50,11201,558],{"class":557},[50,11203,98],{"class":64},[50,11205,9284],{"class":101},[50,11207,478],{"class":64},[50,11209,11210,11212,11214,11216],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,11211,118],{"class":94},[50,11213,98],{"class":64},[50,11215,9284],{"class":101},[50,11217,105],{"class":64},[50,11219,11220,11222,11224,11227],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,11221,118],{"class":94},[50,11223,98],{"class":64},[50,11225,11226],{"class":101},"list_of_pairs",[50,11228,105],{"class":64},[50,11230,11231,11233,11235,11237,11239,11241],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,11232,118],{"class":94},[50,11234,98],{"class":64},[50,11236,1267],{"class":94},[50,11238,98],{"class":64},[50,11240,11226],{"class":101},[50,11242,478],{"class":64},[20,11244,11245],{},"These checks help you confirm:",[158,11247,11248,11251,11254],{},[161,11249,11250],{},"whether your result is really a dictionary",[161,11252,11253],{},"what data is being passed in",[161,11255,11256],{},"whether your list of pairs has the expected structure",[36,11258,1913],{"id":1912},[222,11260,5258,11262,4472,11264,1943],{"id":11261},"what-is-the-difference-between-dict-and",[15,11263,9200],{},[15,11265,3873],{},[20,11267,11268,11270,11271,11273],{},[15,11269,3873],{}," is the short literal form. ",[15,11272,9200],{}," is a function that can also convert pairs or use keyword arguments.",[222,11275,5248,11277,11279],{"id":11276},"can-dict-create-a-dictionary-from-a-list",[15,11278,9200],{}," create a dictionary from a list?",[20,11281,11282,11283,425],{},"Yes, if the list contains 2-item pairs such as ",[15,11284,11170],{},[222,11286,1963,11288,11291],{"id":11287},"why-does-dictnamealice-use-string-keys",[15,11289,11290],{},"dict(name='Alice')"," use string keys?",[20,11293,11294],{},"In keyword form, Python turns the keyword names into string keys automatically.",[222,11296,11298,11299,11301],{"id":11297},"can-i-use-spaces-in-keys-with-dict-keyword-arguments","Can I use spaces in keys with ",[15,11300,9200],{}," keyword arguments?",[20,11303,11304,11305,11308],{},"No. For keys with spaces or other invalid identifier characters, use ",[15,11306,11307],{},"{'first name': 'Alice'}"," or pass pairs.",[36,11310,1975],{"id":1974},[158,11312,11313,11318,11322,11327,11333],{},[161,11314,11315],{},[421,11316,11317],{"href":9468},"Creating a dictionary in Python",[161,11319,11320],{},[421,11321,9236],{"href":9235},[161,11323,11324],{},[421,11325,11326],{"href":10806},"How to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[161,11328,11329],{},[421,11330,10812,11331,10816],{"href":10811},[15,11332,10815],{},[161,11334,11335],{},[421,11336,11337],{"href":11150},"KeyError in Python: causes and fixes",[2018,11339,11340],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":11342},[11343,11345,11351,11352,11353,11354,11361,11367,11368,11378],{"id":9422,"depth":86,"text":11344},"What dict() does",{"id":180,"depth":86,"text":181,"children":11346},[11347,11348,11349,11350],{"id":9479,"depth":108,"text":9480},{"id":9521,"depth":108,"text":9522},{"id":9625,"depth":108,"text":9626},{"id":9715,"depth":108,"text":9716},{"id":9828,"depth":86,"text":9480},{"id":9932,"depth":86,"text":9933},{"id":10355,"depth":86,"text":10356},{"id":10659,"depth":86,"text":11355,"children":11356},"dict() vs {}",[11357,11359],{"id":10674,"depth":108,"text":11358},"Use {} when:",{"id":10699,"depth":108,"text":11360},"Use dict() when:",{"id":10819,"depth":86,"text":10820,"children":11362},[11363,11364,11365,11366],{"id":10828,"depth":108,"text":10829},{"id":10949,"depth":108,"text":10950},{"id":11007,"depth":108,"text":11008},{"id":11064,"depth":108,"text":11065},{"id":1742,"depth":86,"text":1743},{"id":1912,"depth":86,"text":1913,"children":11369},[11370,11372,11374,11376],{"id":11261,"depth":108,"text":11371},"What is the difference between dict() and {}?",{"id":11276,"depth":108,"text":11373},"Can dict() create a dictionary from a list?",{"id":11287,"depth":108,"text":11375},"Why does dict(name='Alice') use string keys?",{"id":11297,"depth":108,"text":11377},"Can I use spaces in keys with dict() keyword arguments?",{"id":1974,"depth":86,"text":1975},"Master python dict function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained",{"title":9192,"description":11379},"reference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained","pnY0ft_AcouoxXnqOTEjZDN1f3GnmsuukIHgiulbVfc",{"id":11386,"title":11387,"body":11388,"description":12895,"extension":2064,"meta":12896,"navigation":111,"path":12897,"seo":12898,"stem":12899,"__hash__":12900},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method.md","Python Dictionary clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":11389,"toc":12864},[11390,11398,11404,11411,11413,11474,11479,11484,11489,11507,11510,11514,11516,11532,11535,11548,11550,11553,11687,11689,11756,11759,11775,11781,11787,11790,11871,11873,11887,11891,11897,11962,11964,11972,11975,11998,12004,12067,12073,12076,12090,12103,12107,12118,12123,12134,12141,12145,12151,12273,12275,12301,12304,12321,12324,12435,12437,12486,12488,12501,12510,12515,12520,12531,12533,12636,12659,12661,12665,12684,12687,12745,12748,12774,12776,12782,12785,12790,12794,12801,12809,12815,12818,12820,12861],[10,11391,11393,11394,11397],{"id":11392},"python-dictionary-clear-method","Python Dictionary ",[15,11395,11396],{},"clear()"," Method",[20,11399,11400,11403],{},[15,11401,11402],{},"dict.clear()"," removes all items from a dictionary.",[20,11405,11406,11407,11410],{},"Use it when you want to empty a dictionary without replacing the variable with a new dictionary. This method changes the original dictionary ",[3824,11408,11409],{},"in place",", which means the same dictionary object is kept, but all key-value pairs are removed.",[36,11412,2105],{"id":2104},[41,11414,11416],{"className":43,"code":11415,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata.clear()\nprint(data)  # {}\n",[15,11417,11418,11450,11461],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,11419,11420,11422,11424,11426,11428,11430,11432,11434,11436,11438,11440,11442,11444,11446,11448],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,11421,9246],{"class":56},[50,11423,61],{"class":60},[50,11425,632],{"class":64},[50,11427,811],{"class":604},[50,11429,421],{"class":608},[50,11431,811],{"class":604},[50,11433,819],{"class":64},[50,11435,75],{"class":68},[50,11437,72],{"class":64},[50,11439,700],{"class":604},[50,11441,4839],{"class":608},[50,11443,811],{"class":604},[50,11445,819],{"class":64},[50,11447,80],{"class":68},[50,11449,645],{"class":64},[50,11451,11452,11454,11456,11459],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,11453,9284],{"class":56},[50,11455,425],{"class":64},[50,11457,11458],{"class":101},"clear",[50,11460,8722],{"class":64},[50,11462,11463,11465,11467,11469,11471],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,11464,118],{"class":94},[50,11466,98],{"class":64},[50,11468,9284],{"class":101},[50,11470,126],{"class":64},[50,11472,11473],{"class":129},"  # {}\n",[20,11475,11476,11478],{},[15,11477,11396],{}," removes all items from the same dictionary object.",[36,11480,153,11482,156],{"id":11481},"what-clear-does",[15,11483,11396],{},[20,11485,1185,11486,11488],{},[15,11487,11396],{}," method:",[158,11490,11491,11494,11497,11502],{},[161,11492,11493],{},"Removes all key-value pairs from a dictionary",[161,11495,11496],{},"Changes the original dictionary in place",[161,11498,11499,11500],{},"Returns ",[15,11501,208],{},[161,11503,11504,11505],{},"Leaves you with an empty dictionary: ",[15,11506,3873],{},[20,11508,11509],{},"This is one of the standard ways to remove dictionary contents without deleting the variable itself.",[20,11511,9232,11512,425],{},[421,11513,9236],{"href":9235},[36,11515,181],{"id":180},[41,11517,11519],{"className":43,"code":11518,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_dict.clear()\n",[15,11520,11521],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,11522,11523,11526,11528,11530],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,11524,11525],{"class":56},"my_dict",[50,11527,425],{"class":64},[50,11529,11458],{"class":101},[50,11531,8722],{"class":64},[20,11533,11534],{},"Important points:",[158,11536,11537,11542,11545],{},[161,11538,11539,11541],{},[15,11540,11396],{}," takes no arguments",[161,11543,11544],{},"You call it on a dictionary object",[161,11546,11547],{},"It empties that dictionary",[36,11549,271],{"id":270},[20,11551,11552],{},"Here is a basic example:",[41,11554,11556],{"className":43,"code":11555,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"user = {\n    \"name\": \"Maya\",\n    \"age\": 25,\n    \"city\": \"Berlin\"\n}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", user)\n\nuser.clear()\n\nprint(\"After:\", user)\n",[15,11557,11558,11568,11589,11603,11620,11624,11628,11648,11652,11663,11667],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,11559,11560,11563,11565],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,11561,11562],{"class":56},"user ",[50,11564,61],{"class":60},[50,11566,11567],{"class":64}," {\n",[50,11569,11570,11573,11575,11577,11579,11581,11584,11586],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,11571,11572],{"class":604},"    \"",[50,11574,814],{"class":608},[50,11576,811],{"class":604},[50,11578,819],{"class":64},[50,11580,700],{"class":604},[50,11582,11583],{"class":608},"Maya",[50,11585,811],{"class":604},[50,11587,11588],{"class":64},",\n",[50,11590,11591,11593,11595,11597,11599,11601],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,11592,11572],{"class":604},[50,11594,833],{"class":608},[50,11596,811],{"class":604},[50,11598,819],{"class":64},[50,11600,9384],{"class":68},[50,11602,11588],{"class":64},[50,11604,11605,11607,11609,11611,11613,11615,11618],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,11606,11572],{"class":604},[50,11608,847],{"class":608},[50,11610,811],{"class":604},[50,11612,819],{"class":64},[50,11614,700],{"class":604},[50,11616,11617],{"class":608},"Berlin",[50,11619,705],{"class":604},[50,11621,11622],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,11623,645],{"class":64},[50,11625,11626],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,11627,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,11629,11630,11632,11634,11636,11639,11641,11643,11646],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,11631,118],{"class":94},[50,11633,98],{"class":64},[50,11635,811],{"class":604},[50,11637,11638],{"class":608},"Before:",[50,11640,811],{"class":604},[50,11642,72],{"class":64},[50,11644,11645],{"class":101}," user",[50,11647,105],{"class":64},[50,11649,11650],{"class":52,"line":6503},[50,11651,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,11653,11654,11657,11659,11661],{"class":52,"line":6509},[50,11655,11656],{"class":56},"user",[50,11658,425],{"class":64},[50,11660,11458],{"class":101},[50,11662,8722],{"class":64},[50,11664,11665],{"class":52,"line":6514},[50,11666,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,11668,11670,11672,11674,11676,11679,11681,11683,11685],{"class":52,"line":11669},11,[50,11671,118],{"class":94},[50,11673,98],{"class":64},[50,11675,811],{"class":604},[50,11677,11678],{"class":608},"After:",[50,11680,811],{"class":604},[50,11682,72],{"class":64},[50,11684,11645],{"class":101},[50,11686,105],{"class":64},[20,11688,5637],{},[41,11690,11692],{"className":43,"code":11691,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Before: {'name': 'Maya', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Berlin'}\nAfter: {}\n",[15,11693,11694,11747],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,11695,11696,11699,11701,11703,11705,11707,11709,11711,11713,11715,11717,11719,11721,11723,11725,11727,11729,11731,11733,11735,11737,11739,11741,11743,11745],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,11697,11698],{"class":56},"Before",[50,11700,819],{"class":64},[50,11702,632],{"class":64},[50,11704,611],{"class":604},[50,11706,814],{"class":608},[50,11708,611],{"class":604},[50,11710,819],{"class":64},[50,11712,605],{"class":604},[50,11714,11583],{"class":608},[50,11716,611],{"class":604},[50,11718,72],{"class":64},[50,11720,605],{"class":604},[50,11722,833],{"class":608},[50,11724,611],{"class":604},[50,11726,819],{"class":64},[50,11728,9384],{"class":68},[50,11730,72],{"class":64},[50,11732,605],{"class":604},[50,11734,847],{"class":608},[50,11736,611],{"class":604},[50,11738,819],{"class":64},[50,11740,605],{"class":604},[50,11742,11617],{"class":608},[50,11744,611],{"class":604},[50,11746,645],{"class":64},[50,11748,11749,11752,11754],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,11750,11751],{"class":56},"After",[50,11753,819],{"class":64},[50,11755,9916],{"class":64},[20,11757,11758],{},"What happens here:",[158,11760,11761,11766,11772],{},[161,11762,11763,11765],{},[15,11764,11656],{}," starts with three items",[161,11767,11768,11771],{},[15,11769,11770],{},"user.clear()"," removes them all",[161,11773,11774],{},"The dictionary still exists, but it is now empty",[36,11776,153,11778,11780],{"id":11777},"what-clear-returns",[15,11779,11396],{}," returns",[20,11782,11783,2494,11785,425],{},[15,11784,11396],{},[15,11786,208],{},[20,11788,11789],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake:",[41,11791,11793],{"className":43,"code":11792,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nresult = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,11794,11795,11828,11832,11847,11851,11861],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,11796,11797,11800,11802,11804,11806,11808,11810,11812,11814,11816,11818,11820,11822,11824,11826],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,11798,11799],{"class":56},"my_dict ",[50,11801,61],{"class":60},[50,11803,632],{"class":64},[50,11805,811],{"class":604},[50,11807,2273],{"class":608},[50,11809,811],{"class":604},[50,11811,819],{"class":64},[50,11813,75],{"class":68},[50,11815,72],{"class":64},[50,11817,700],{"class":604},[50,11819,780],{"class":608},[50,11821,811],{"class":604},[50,11823,819],{"class":64},[50,11825,80],{"class":68},[50,11827,645],{"class":64},[50,11829,11830],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,11831,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,11833,11834,11836,11838,11841,11843,11845],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,11835,89],{"class":56},[50,11837,61],{"class":60},[50,11839,11840],{"class":56}," my_dict",[50,11842,425],{"class":64},[50,11844,11458],{"class":101},[50,11846,8722],{"class":64},[50,11848,11849],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,11850,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,11852,11853,11855,11857,11859],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,11854,118],{"class":94},[50,11856,98],{"class":64},[50,11858,123],{"class":101},[50,11860,105],{"class":64},[50,11862,11863,11865,11867,11869],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,11864,118],{"class":94},[50,11866,98],{"class":64},[50,11868,11525],{"class":101},[50,11870,105],{"class":64},[20,11872,353],{},[41,11874,11876],{"className":43,"code":11875,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"None\n{}\n",[15,11877,11878,11883],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,11879,11880],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,11881,11882],{"class":207},"None\n",[50,11884,11885],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,11886,9512],{"class":64},[222,11888,11890],{"id":11889},"common-mistake","Common mistake",[20,11892,11893,11894,11896],{},"Do ",[3824,11895,4709],{}," do this:",[41,11898,11900],{"className":43,"code":11899,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,11901,11902,11934,11948,11952],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,11903,11904,11906,11908,11910,11912,11914,11916,11918,11920,11922,11924,11926,11928,11930,11932],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,11905,11799],{"class":56},[50,11907,61],{"class":60},[50,11909,632],{"class":64},[50,11911,811],{"class":604},[50,11913,2273],{"class":608},[50,11915,811],{"class":604},[50,11917,819],{"class":64},[50,11919,75],{"class":68},[50,11921,72],{"class":64},[50,11923,700],{"class":604},[50,11925,780],{"class":608},[50,11927,811],{"class":604},[50,11929,819],{"class":64},[50,11931,80],{"class":68},[50,11933,645],{"class":64},[50,11935,11936,11938,11940,11942,11944,11946],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,11937,11799],{"class":56},[50,11939,61],{"class":60},[50,11941,11840],{"class":56},[50,11943,425],{"class":64},[50,11945,11458],{"class":101},[50,11947,8722],{"class":64},[50,11949,11950],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,11951,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,11953,11954,11956,11958,11960],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,11955,118],{"class":94},[50,11957,98],{"class":64},[50,11959,11525],{"class":101},[50,11961,105],{"class":64},[20,11963,353],{},[41,11965,11966],{"className":43,"code":11882,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,11967,11968],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,11969,11970],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,11971,11882],{"class":207},[20,11973,11974],{},"Why this happens:",[158,11976,11977,11983,11988],{},[161,11978,11979,11982],{},[15,11980,11981],{},"my_dict.clear()"," empties the dictionary",[161,11984,11985,11986],{},"The method returns ",[15,11987,208],{},[161,11989,11990,11991,11994,11995,11997],{},"Then ",[15,11992,11993],{},"my_dict = ..."," stores ",[15,11996,208],{}," in the variable",[20,11999,12000,12001,12003],{},"If you want to keep using the dictionary, just call ",[15,12002,11396],{}," by itself:",[41,12005,12007],{"className":43,"code":12006,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)  # {}\n",[15,12008,12009,12041,12051,12055],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,12010,12011,12013,12015,12017,12019,12021,12023,12025,12027,12029,12031,12033,12035,12037,12039],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,12012,11799],{"class":56},[50,12014,61],{"class":60},[50,12016,632],{"class":64},[50,12018,811],{"class":604},[50,12020,2273],{"class":608},[50,12022,811],{"class":604},[50,12024,819],{"class":64},[50,12026,75],{"class":68},[50,12028,72],{"class":64},[50,12030,700],{"class":604},[50,12032,780],{"class":608},[50,12034,811],{"class":604},[50,12036,819],{"class":64},[50,12038,80],{"class":68},[50,12040,645],{"class":64},[50,12042,12043,12045,12047,12049],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,12044,11525],{"class":56},[50,12046,425],{"class":64},[50,12048,11458],{"class":101},[50,12050,8722],{"class":64},[50,12052,12053],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,12054,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,12056,12057,12059,12061,12063,12065],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,12058,118],{"class":94},[50,12060,98],{"class":64},[50,12062,11525],{"class":101},[50,12064,126],{"class":64},[50,12066,11473],{"class":129},[36,12068,12070,12072],{"id":12069},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-dictionary",[15,12071,11396],{}," vs creating a new empty dictionary",[20,12074,12075],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they do different things:",[41,12077,12078],{"className":43,"code":11518,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,12079,12080],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,12081,12082,12084,12086,12088],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,12083,11525],{"class":56},[50,12085,425],{"class":64},[50,12087,11458],{"class":101},[50,12089,8722],{"class":64},[41,12091,12093],{"className":43,"code":12092,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_dict = {}\n",[15,12094,12095],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,12096,12097,12099,12101],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,12098,11799],{"class":56},[50,12100,61],{"class":60},[50,12102,9916],{"class":64},[222,12104,12105],{"id":11458},[15,12106,11396],{},[158,12108,12109,12112,12115],{},[161,12110,12111],{},"Empties the existing dictionary object",[161,12113,12114],{},"Keeps the same object in memory",[161,12116,12117],{},"Affects all variables that refer to that same dictionary",[222,12119,12120],{"id":11525},[15,12121,12122],{},"my_dict = {}",[158,12124,12125,12128,12131],{},[161,12126,12127],{},"Creates a new empty dictionary object",[161,12129,12130],{},"Reassigns the variable to that new object",[161,12132,12133],{},"Other variables pointing to the old dictionary are unchanged",[20,12135,12136,12137,425],{},"This difference matters when you are working with shared references. It is also related to ",[421,12138,12140],{"href":12139},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types\u002F","mutable vs immutable types in Python",[36,12142,12144],{"id":12143},"shared-reference-example","Shared reference example",[20,12146,12147,12148,12150],{},"If two variables point to the same dictionary, ",[15,12149,11396],{}," affects both because both names refer to the same object.",[41,12152,12154],{"className":43,"code":12153,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal.clear()\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,12155,12156,12189,12199,12203,12214,12218,12238,12258],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,12157,12158,12161,12163,12165,12167,12169,12171,12173,12175,12177,12179,12181,12183,12185,12187],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,12159,12160],{"class":56},"original ",[50,12162,61],{"class":60},[50,12164,632],{"class":64},[50,12166,811],{"class":604},[50,12168,421],{"class":608},[50,12170,811],{"class":604},[50,12172,819],{"class":64},[50,12174,75],{"class":68},[50,12176,72],{"class":64},[50,12178,700],{"class":604},[50,12180,4839],{"class":608},[50,12182,811],{"class":604},[50,12184,819],{"class":64},[50,12186,80],{"class":68},[50,12188,645],{"class":64},[50,12190,12191,12194,12196],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,12192,12193],{"class":56},"other_ref ",[50,12195,61],{"class":60},[50,12197,12198],{"class":56}," original\n",[50,12200,12201],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,12202,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,12204,12205,12208,12210,12212],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,12206,12207],{"class":56},"original",[50,12209,425],{"class":64},[50,12211,11458],{"class":101},[50,12213,8722],{"class":64},[50,12215,12216],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,12217,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,12219,12220,12222,12224,12226,12229,12231,12233,12236],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,12221,118],{"class":94},[50,12223,98],{"class":64},[50,12225,811],{"class":604},[50,12227,12228],{"class":608},"original:",[50,12230,811],{"class":604},[50,12232,72],{"class":64},[50,12234,12235],{"class":101}," original",[50,12237,105],{"class":64},[50,12239,12240,12242,12244,12246,12249,12251,12253,12256],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,12241,118],{"class":94},[50,12243,98],{"class":64},[50,12245,811],{"class":604},[50,12247,12248],{"class":608},"other_ref:",[50,12250,811],{"class":604},[50,12252,72],{"class":64},[50,12254,12255],{"class":101}," other_ref",[50,12257,105],{"class":64},[50,12259,12260,12262,12264,12266,12269,12271],{"class":52,"line":6503},[50,12261,118],{"class":94},[50,12263,98],{"class":64},[50,12265,12160],{"class":101},[50,12267,12268],{"class":3957},"is",[50,12270,12255],{"class":101},[50,12272,105],{"class":64},[20,12274,353],{},[41,12276,12278],{"className":43,"code":12277,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"original: {}\nother_ref: {}\nTrue\n",[15,12279,12280,12288,12297],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,12281,12282,12284,12286],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,12283,12207],{"class":56},[50,12285,819],{"class":64},[50,12287,9916],{"class":64},[50,12289,12290,12293,12295],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,12291,12292],{"class":56},"other_ref",[50,12294,819],{"class":64},[50,12296,9916],{"class":64},[50,12298,12299],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,12300,4061],{"class":207},[20,12302,12303],{},"This shows:",[158,12305,12306,12313,12318],{},[161,12307,12308,4472,12310,12312],{},[15,12309,12207],{},[15,12311,12292],{}," refer to the same dictionary",[161,12314,12315,12317],{},[15,12316,11396],{}," changes that dictionary in place",[161,12319,12320],{},"Both variables now show an empty dictionary",[20,12322,12323],{},"Now compare that with reassignment:",[41,12325,12327],{"className":43,"code":12326,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal = {}\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,12328,12329,12361,12369,12373,12381,12385,12403,12421],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,12330,12331,12333,12335,12337,12339,12341,12343,12345,12347,12349,12351,12353,12355,12357,12359],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,12332,12160],{"class":56},[50,12334,61],{"class":60},[50,12336,632],{"class":64},[50,12338,811],{"class":604},[50,12340,421],{"class":608},[50,12342,811],{"class":604},[50,12344,819],{"class":64},[50,12346,75],{"class":68},[50,12348,72],{"class":64},[50,12350,700],{"class":604},[50,12352,4839],{"class":608},[50,12354,811],{"class":604},[50,12356,819],{"class":64},[50,12358,80],{"class":68},[50,12360,645],{"class":64},[50,12362,12363,12365,12367],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,12364,12193],{"class":56},[50,12366,61],{"class":60},[50,12368,12198],{"class":56},[50,12370,12371],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,12372,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,12374,12375,12377,12379],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,12376,12160],{"class":56},[50,12378,61],{"class":60},[50,12380,9916],{"class":64},[50,12382,12383],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,12384,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,12386,12387,12389,12391,12393,12395,12397,12399,12401],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,12388,118],{"class":94},[50,12390,98],{"class":64},[50,12392,811],{"class":604},[50,12394,12228],{"class":608},[50,12396,811],{"class":604},[50,12398,72],{"class":64},[50,12400,12235],{"class":101},[50,12402,105],{"class":64},[50,12404,12405,12407,12409,12411,12413,12415,12417,12419],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,12406,118],{"class":94},[50,12408,98],{"class":64},[50,12410,811],{"class":604},[50,12412,12248],{"class":608},[50,12414,811],{"class":604},[50,12416,72],{"class":64},[50,12418,12255],{"class":101},[50,12420,105],{"class":64},[50,12422,12423,12425,12427,12429,12431,12433],{"class":52,"line":6503},[50,12424,118],{"class":94},[50,12426,98],{"class":64},[50,12428,12160],{"class":101},[50,12430,12268],{"class":3957},[50,12432,12255],{"class":101},[50,12434,105],{"class":64},[20,12436,353],{},[41,12438,12440],{"className":43,"code":12439,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"original: {}\nother_ref: {'a': 1, 'b': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,12441,12442,12450,12482],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,12443,12444,12446,12448],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,12445,12207],{"class":56},[50,12447,819],{"class":64},[50,12449,9916],{"class":64},[50,12451,12452,12454,12456,12458,12460,12462,12464,12466,12468,12470,12472,12474,12476,12478,12480],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,12453,12292],{"class":56},[50,12455,819],{"class":64},[50,12457,632],{"class":64},[50,12459,611],{"class":604},[50,12461,421],{"class":608},[50,12463,611],{"class":604},[50,12465,819],{"class":64},[50,12467,75],{"class":68},[50,12469,72],{"class":64},[50,12471,605],{"class":604},[50,12473,4839],{"class":608},[50,12475,611],{"class":604},[50,12477,819],{"class":64},[50,12479,80],{"class":68},[50,12481,645],{"class":64},[50,12483,12484],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,12485,4122],{"class":207},[20,12487,2278],{},[158,12489,12490,12496],{},[161,12491,12492,12495],{},[15,12493,12494],{},"original = {}"," creates a new dictionary",[161,12497,12498,12500],{},[15,12499,12292],{}," still points to the old one",[20,12502,12503,12504,425],{},"If you want to make a separate dictionary before changing it, see ",[421,12505,12507],{"href":12506},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method\u002F",[15,12508,12509],{},"dict.copy()",[36,12511,5040,12513],{"id":12512},"when-to-use-clear",[15,12514,11396],{},[20,12516,12517,12519],{},[15,12518,11396],{}," is useful when you want to:",[158,12521,12522,12525,12528],{},[161,12523,12524],{},"Reset stored data before reusing a dictionary",[161,12526,12527],{},"Empty a cache or temporary mapping",[161,12529,12530],{},"Remove all items without deleting the variable",[20,12532,1602],{},[41,12534,12536],{"className":43,"code":12535,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"session_data = {\n    \"user_id\": 101,\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\n# Reset for a new session\nsession_data.clear()\n\nprint(session_data)  # {}\n",[15,12537,12538,12547,12563,12583,12596,12600,12604,12609,12620,12624],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,12539,12540,12543,12545],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,12541,12542],{"class":56},"session_data ",[50,12544,61],{"class":60},[50,12546,11567],{"class":64},[50,12548,12549,12551,12554,12556,12558,12561],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,12550,11572],{"class":604},[50,12552,12553],{"class":608},"user_id",[50,12555,811],{"class":604},[50,12557,819],{"class":64},[50,12559,12560],{"class":68}," 101",[50,12562,11588],{"class":64},[50,12564,12565,12567,12570,12572,12574,12576,12579,12581],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,12566,11572],{"class":604},[50,12568,12569],{"class":608},"theme",[50,12571,811],{"class":604},[50,12573,819],{"class":64},[50,12575,700],{"class":604},[50,12577,12578],{"class":608},"dark",[50,12580,811],{"class":604},[50,12582,11588],{"class":64},[50,12584,12585,12587,12590,12592,12594],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,12586,11572],{"class":604},[50,12588,12589],{"class":608},"logged_in",[50,12591,811],{"class":604},[50,12593,819],{"class":64},[50,12595,6500],{"class":207},[50,12597,12598],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,12599,645],{"class":64},[50,12601,12602],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,12603,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,12605,12606],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,12607,12608],{"class":129},"# Reset for a new session\n",[50,12610,12611,12614,12616,12618],{"class":52,"line":6503},[50,12612,12613],{"class":56},"session_data",[50,12615,425],{"class":64},[50,12617,11458],{"class":101},[50,12619,8722],{"class":64},[50,12621,12622],{"class":52,"line":6509},[50,12623,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,12625,12626,12628,12630,12632,12634],{"class":52,"line":6514},[50,12627,118],{"class":94},[50,12629,98],{"class":64},[50,12631,12613],{"class":101},[50,12633,126],{"class":64},[50,12635,11473],{"class":129},[20,12637,12638,12639,12645,12646,425,12650,12652,12653,425],{},"If you only want to remove one item, use a more specific method like ",[421,12640,12642],{"href":12641},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method\u002F",[15,12643,12644],{},"dict.pop()"," or read ",[421,12647,12649],{"href":12648},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-a-key-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[9924,12651],{},"\nIf you want to remove the last inserted item, see ",[421,12654,12656],{"href":12655},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method\u002F",[15,12657,12658],{},"dict.popitem()",[36,12660,1743],{"id":1742},[20,12662,10823,12663,819],{},[15,12664,11396],{},[158,12666,12667,12673,12678,12681],{},[161,12668,12669,12670,12672],{},"Assigning the result of ",[15,12671,11396],{}," to a variable",[161,12674,8532,12675,12677],{},[15,12676,11396],{}," to return a new dictionary",[161,12679,12680],{},"Not realizing the dictionary is changed in place",[161,12682,12683],{},"Clearing a dictionary that is shared by another variable",[20,12685,12686],{},"If something looks wrong, these quick checks can help:",[41,12688,12690],{"className":43,"code":12689,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(id(my_dict))\nprint(other_ref is my_dict)\n",[15,12691,12692,12702,12716,12731],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,12693,12694,12696,12698,12700],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,12695,118],{"class":94},[50,12697,98],{"class":64},[50,12699,11525],{"class":101},[50,12701,105],{"class":64},[50,12703,12704,12706,12708,12710,12712,12714],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,12705,118],{"class":94},[50,12707,98],{"class":64},[50,12709,558],{"class":557},[50,12711,98],{"class":64},[50,12713,11525],{"class":101},[50,12715,478],{"class":64},[50,12717,12718,12720,12722,12725,12727,12729],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,12719,118],{"class":94},[50,12721,98],{"class":64},[50,12723,12724],{"class":94},"id",[50,12726,98],{"class":64},[50,12728,11525],{"class":101},[50,12730,478],{"class":64},[50,12732,12733,12735,12737,12739,12741,12743],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,12734,118],{"class":94},[50,12736,98],{"class":64},[50,12738,12193],{"class":101},[50,12740,12268],{"class":3957},[50,12742,11840],{"class":101},[50,12744,105],{"class":64},[20,12746,12747],{},"What these show:",[158,12749,12750,12756,12762,12768],{},[161,12751,12752,12755],{},[15,12753,12754],{},"print(my_dict)"," shows the current contents",[161,12757,12758,12761],{},[15,12759,12760],{},"print(type(my_dict))"," confirms it is still a dictionary",[161,12763,12764,12767],{},[15,12765,12766],{},"print(id(my_dict))"," helps you check whether it is the same object as before",[161,12769,12770,12773],{},[15,12771,12772],{},"print(other_ref is my_dict)"," tells you whether two variables point to the same object",[36,12775,1913],{"id":1912},[222,12777,1917,12779,12781],{"id":12778},"does-clear-delete-the-dictionary",[15,12780,11396],{}," delete the dictionary?",[20,12783,12784],{},"No. It keeps the dictionary object but removes all items from it.",[222,12786,1927,12788,1930],{"id":12787},"what-does-dictclear-return",[15,12789,11402],{},[20,12791,5227,12792,425],{},[15,12793,208],{},[222,12795,5258,12797,4472,12799,1943],{"id":12796},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and",[15,12798,11396],{},[15,12800,3873],{},[20,12802,12803,12805,12806,12808],{},[15,12804,11396],{}," empties the same dictionary object. Assigning ",[15,12807,3873],{}," creates a new empty dictionary.",[222,12810,1917,12812,12814],{"id":12811},"does-clear-work-on-nested-dictionaries",[15,12813,11396],{}," work on nested dictionaries?",[20,12816,12817],{},"It removes the top-level items. If nested dictionaries were inside it, those references are removed from this dictionary.",[36,12819,1975],{"id":1974},[158,12821,12822,12826,12830,12837,12844,12851,12856],{},[161,12823,12824],{},[421,12825,9236],{"href":9235},[161,12827,12828],{},[421,12829,11317],{"href":9468},[161,12831,12832],{},[421,12833,10812,12834,10816],{"href":12641},[15,12835,12836],{},"pop()",[161,12838,12839],{},[421,12840,10812,12841,10816],{"href":12655},[15,12842,12843],{},"popitem()",[161,12845,12846],{},[421,12847,10812,12848,10816],{"href":12506},[15,12849,12850],{},"copy()",[161,12852,12853],{},[421,12854,12855],{"href":12139},"Mutable vs immutable types in Python",[161,12857,12858],{},[421,12859,12860],{"href":12648},"How to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[2018,12862,12863],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":12865},[12866,12867,12869,12870,12871,12875,12880,12881,12883,12884,12894],{"id":2104,"depth":86,"text":2105},{"id":11481,"depth":86,"text":12868},"What clear() does",{"id":180,"depth":86,"text":181},{"id":270,"depth":86,"text":271},{"id":11777,"depth":86,"text":12872,"children":12873},"What clear() returns",[12874],{"id":11889,"depth":108,"text":11890},{"id":12069,"depth":86,"text":12876,"children":12877},"clear() vs creating a new empty dictionary",[12878,12879],{"id":11458,"depth":108,"text":11396},{"id":11525,"depth":108,"text":12122},{"id":12143,"depth":86,"text":12144},{"id":12512,"depth":86,"text":12882},"When to use clear()",{"id":1742,"depth":86,"text":1743},{"id":1912,"depth":86,"text":1913,"children":12885},[12886,12888,12890,12892],{"id":12778,"depth":108,"text":12887},"Does clear() delete the dictionary?",{"id":12787,"depth":108,"text":12889},"What does dict.clear() return?",{"id":12796,"depth":108,"text":12891},"What is the difference between clear() and {}?",{"id":12811,"depth":108,"text":12893},"Does clear() work on nested dictionaries?",{"id":1974,"depth":86,"text":1975},"Master python dictionary clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method",{"title":11387,"description":12895},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method","xe2WHgVVqBBDcVsY_J76LhYda8_TxsqdNPbHatiN8IU",{"id":12902,"title":12903,"body":12904,"description":15069,"extension":2064,"meta":15070,"navigation":111,"path":15071,"seo":15072,"stem":15073,"__hash__":15074},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method.md","Python Dictionary copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":12905,"toc":15041},[12906,12911,12916,12926,12928,13016,13020,13061,13066,13073,13091,13100,13102,13123,13126,13138,13140,13219,13223,13264,13266,13269,13396,13400,13480,13483,13501,13504,13508,13514,13516,13527,13529,13724,13728,13834,13836,13854,13857,13864,13869,13873,13887,13889,14016,14020,14100,14113,14119,14122,14130,14134,14260,14264,14338,14343,14474,14478,14552,14555,14569,14573,14577,14591,14593,14729,14733,14802,14804,14809,14831,14834,14940,14943,14954,14961,14963,14969,14972,14979,14982,14989,14997,15001,15004,15006,15038],[10,12907,11393,12909,11397],{"id":12908},"python-dictionary-copy-method",[15,12910,12850],{},[20,12912,12913,12915],{},[15,12914,12509],{}," creates a new dictionary with the same key-value pairs as the original.",[20,12917,12918,12919,12921,12922,12925],{},"This method is useful when you want a separate dictionary object instead of another variable pointing to the same dictionary. It is important to know that ",[15,12920,12850],{}," makes a ",[3824,12923,12924],{},"shallow copy",", not a deep copy.",[36,12927,2105],{"id":2104},[41,12929,12931],{"className":43,"code":12930,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nprint(student_copy)\nprint(student_copy is student)\n",[15,12932,12933,12970,12987,12991,13002],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,12934,12935,12938,12940,12942,12944,12946,12948,12950,12952,12954,12956,12958,12960,12962,12964,12966,12968],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,12936,12937],{"class":56},"student ",[50,12939,61],{"class":60},[50,12941,632],{"class":64},[50,12943,811],{"class":604},[50,12945,814],{"class":608},[50,12947,811],{"class":604},[50,12949,819],{"class":64},[50,12951,700],{"class":604},[50,12953,824],{"class":608},[50,12955,811],{"class":604},[50,12957,72],{"class":64},[50,12959,700],{"class":604},[50,12961,833],{"class":608},[50,12963,811],{"class":604},[50,12965,819],{"class":64},[50,12967,840],{"class":68},[50,12969,645],{"class":64},[50,12971,12972,12975,12977,12980,12982,12985],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,12973,12974],{"class":56},"student_copy ",[50,12976,61],{"class":60},[50,12978,12979],{"class":56}," student",[50,12981,425],{"class":64},[50,12983,12984],{"class":101},"copy",[50,12986,8722],{"class":64},[50,12988,12989],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,12990,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,12992,12993,12995,12997,13000],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,12994,118],{"class":94},[50,12996,98],{"class":64},[50,12998,12999],{"class":101},"student_copy",[50,13001,105],{"class":64},[50,13003,13004,13006,13008,13010,13012,13014],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,13005,118],{"class":94},[50,13007,98],{"class":64},[50,13009,12974],{"class":101},[50,13011,12268],{"class":3957},[50,13013,12979],{"class":101},[50,13015,105],{"class":64},[20,13017,13018],{},[3824,13019,353],{},[41,13021,13023],{"className":43,"code":13022,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\nFalse\n",[15,13024,13025,13057],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,13026,13027,13029,13031,13033,13035,13037,13039,13041,13043,13045,13047,13049,13051,13053,13055],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,13028,9357],{"class":64},[50,13030,611],{"class":604},[50,13032,814],{"class":608},[50,13034,611],{"class":604},[50,13036,819],{"class":64},[50,13038,605],{"class":604},[50,13040,824],{"class":608},[50,13042,611],{"class":604},[50,13044,72],{"class":64},[50,13046,605],{"class":604},[50,13048,833],{"class":608},[50,13050,611],{"class":604},[50,13052,819],{"class":64},[50,13054,840],{"class":68},[50,13056,645],{"class":64},[50,13058,13059],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,13060,4122],{"class":207},[20,13062,920,13063,13065],{},[15,13064,12850],{}," to create a new dictionary object with the same contents. The result is a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[36,13067,13069,13070,13072],{"id":13068},"what-the-copy-method-does","What the ",[15,13071,12850],{}," method does",[158,13074,13075,13080,13083,13088],{},[161,13076,13077,13079],{},[15,13078,12509],{}," returns a new dictionary",[161,13081,13082],{},"The new dictionary starts with the same keys and values as the original",[161,13084,13085,13086],{},"The original dictionary is not changed by calling ",[15,13087,12850],{},[161,13089,13090],{},"It is useful when you want a separate dictionary object",[20,13092,13093,13094,2976,13097,425],{},"If you are still learning how dictionaries work, see ",[421,13095,9236],{"href":13096},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained",[421,13098,9469],{"href":13099},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[36,13101,181],{"id":180},[41,13103,13105],{"className":43,"code":13104,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"new_dict = old_dict.copy()\n",[15,13106,13107],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,13108,13109,13112,13114,13117,13119,13121],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,13110,13111],{"class":56},"new_dict ",[50,13113,61],{"class":60},[50,13115,13116],{"class":56}," old_dict",[50,13118,425],{"class":64},[50,13120,12984],{"class":101},[50,13122,8722],{"class":64},[20,13124,13125],{},"Key points:",[158,13127,13128,13132,13135],{},[161,13129,13130,11541],{},[15,13131,12850],{},[161,13133,13134],{},"It returns the copied dictionary",[161,13136,13137],{},"You should store the result in a variable if you want to use the new dictionary",[20,13139,1602],{},[41,13141,13143],{"className":43,"code":13142,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = {\"a\": \"red\", \"b\": \"blue\"}\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,13144,13145,13188,13204,13208],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,13146,13147,13150,13152,13154,13156,13158,13160,13162,13164,13167,13169,13171,13173,13175,13177,13179,13181,13184,13186],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,13148,13149],{"class":56},"colors ",[50,13151,61],{"class":60},[50,13153,632],{"class":64},[50,13155,811],{"class":604},[50,13157,421],{"class":608},[50,13159,811],{"class":604},[50,13161,819],{"class":64},[50,13163,700],{"class":604},[50,13165,13166],{"class":608},"red",[50,13168,811],{"class":604},[50,13170,72],{"class":64},[50,13172,700],{"class":604},[50,13174,4839],{"class":608},[50,13176,811],{"class":604},[50,13178,819],{"class":64},[50,13180,700],{"class":604},[50,13182,13183],{"class":608},"blue",[50,13185,811],{"class":604},[50,13187,645],{"class":64},[50,13189,13190,13193,13195,13198,13200,13202],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,13191,13192],{"class":56},"new_colors ",[50,13194,61],{"class":60},[50,13196,13197],{"class":56}," colors",[50,13199,425],{"class":64},[50,13201,12984],{"class":101},[50,13203,8722],{"class":64},[50,13205,13206],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,13207,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,13209,13210,13212,13214,13217],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,13211,118],{"class":94},[50,13213,98],{"class":64},[50,13215,13216],{"class":101},"new_colors",[50,13218,105],{"class":64},[20,13220,13221],{},[3824,13222,353],{},[41,13224,13226],{"className":43,"code":13225,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'a': 'red', 'b': 'blue'}\n",[15,13227,13228],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,13229,13230,13232,13234,13236,13238,13240,13242,13244,13246,13248,13250,13252,13254,13256,13258,13260,13262],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,13231,9357],{"class":64},[50,13233,611],{"class":604},[50,13235,421],{"class":608},[50,13237,611],{"class":604},[50,13239,819],{"class":64},[50,13241,605],{"class":604},[50,13243,13166],{"class":608},[50,13245,611],{"class":604},[50,13247,72],{"class":64},[50,13249,605],{"class":604},[50,13251,4839],{"class":608},[50,13253,611],{"class":604},[50,13255,819],{"class":64},[50,13257,605],{"class":604},[50,13259,13183],{"class":608},[50,13261,611],{"class":604},[50,13263,645],{"class":64},[36,13265,271],{"id":270},[20,13267,13268],{},"Here is a basic example with simple values:",[41,13270,13272],{"className":43,"code":13271,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\nperson_copy = person.copy()\n\nperson_copy[\"age\"] = 26\n\nprint(\"Original:\", person)\nprint(\"Copy:\", person_copy)\n",[15,13273,13274,13311,13327,13331,13353,13357,13376],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,13275,13276,13278,13280,13282,13284,13286,13288,13290,13292,13295,13297,13299,13301,13303,13305,13307,13309],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,13277,804],{"class":56},[50,13279,61],{"class":60},[50,13281,632],{"class":64},[50,13283,811],{"class":604},[50,13285,814],{"class":608},[50,13287,811],{"class":604},[50,13289,819],{"class":64},[50,13291,700],{"class":604},[50,13293,13294],{"class":608},"Liam",[50,13296,811],{"class":604},[50,13298,72],{"class":64},[50,13300,700],{"class":604},[50,13302,833],{"class":608},[50,13304,811],{"class":604},[50,13306,819],{"class":64},[50,13308,9384],{"class":68},[50,13310,645],{"class":64},[50,13312,13313,13316,13318,13321,13323,13325],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,13314,13315],{"class":56},"person_copy ",[50,13317,61],{"class":60},[50,13319,13320],{"class":56}," person",[50,13322,425],{"class":64},[50,13324,12984],{"class":101},[50,13326,8722],{"class":64},[50,13328,13329],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,13330,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,13332,13333,13336,13338,13340,13342,13344,13347,13350],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,13334,13335],{"class":56},"person_copy",[50,13337,363],{"class":64},[50,13339,811],{"class":604},[50,13341,833],{"class":608},[50,13343,811],{"class":604},[50,13345,13346],{"class":64},"]",[50,13348,13349],{"class":60}," =",[50,13351,13352],{"class":68}," 26\n",[50,13354,13355],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,13356,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,13358,13359,13361,13363,13365,13368,13370,13372,13374],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,13360,118],{"class":94},[50,13362,98],{"class":64},[50,13364,811],{"class":604},[50,13366,13367],{"class":608},"Original:",[50,13369,811],{"class":604},[50,13371,72],{"class":64},[50,13373,13320],{"class":101},[50,13375,105],{"class":64},[50,13377,13378,13380,13382,13384,13387,13389,13391,13394],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,13379,118],{"class":94},[50,13381,98],{"class":64},[50,13383,811],{"class":604},[50,13385,13386],{"class":608},"Copy:",[50,13388,811],{"class":604},[50,13390,72],{"class":64},[50,13392,13393],{"class":101}," person_copy",[50,13395,105],{"class":64},[20,13397,13398],{},[3824,13399,353],{},[41,13401,13403],{"className":43,"code":13402,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Original: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 25}\nCopy: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 26}\n",[15,13404,13405,13442],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,13406,13407,13410,13412,13414,13416,13418,13420,13422,13424,13426,13428,13430,13432,13434,13436,13438,13440],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,13408,13409],{"class":56},"Original",[50,13411,819],{"class":64},[50,13413,632],{"class":64},[50,13415,611],{"class":604},[50,13417,814],{"class":608},[50,13419,611],{"class":604},[50,13421,819],{"class":64},[50,13423,605],{"class":604},[50,13425,13294],{"class":608},[50,13427,611],{"class":604},[50,13429,72],{"class":64},[50,13431,605],{"class":604},[50,13433,833],{"class":608},[50,13435,611],{"class":604},[50,13437,819],{"class":64},[50,13439,9384],{"class":68},[50,13441,645],{"class":64},[50,13443,13444,13447,13449,13451,13453,13455,13457,13459,13461,13463,13465,13467,13469,13471,13473,13475,13478],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,13445,13446],{"class":56},"Copy",[50,13448,819],{"class":64},[50,13450,632],{"class":64},[50,13452,611],{"class":604},[50,13454,814],{"class":608},[50,13456,611],{"class":604},[50,13458,819],{"class":64},[50,13460,605],{"class":604},[50,13462,13294],{"class":608},[50,13464,611],{"class":604},[50,13466,72],{"class":64},[50,13468,605],{"class":604},[50,13470,833],{"class":608},[50,13472,611],{"class":604},[50,13474,819],{"class":64},[50,13476,13477],{"class":68}," 26",[50,13479,645],{"class":64},[20,13481,13482],{},"What happened here:",[158,13484,13485,13491,13498],{},[161,13486,13487,13490],{},[15,13488,13489],{},"person.copy()"," created a new dictionary",[161,13492,13493,13494,13497],{},"Changing ",[15,13495,13496],{},"person_copy[\"age\"]"," changed only the copied dictionary",[161,13499,13500],{},"The original dictionary stayed the same",[20,13502,13503],{},"This works as beginners usually expect when the dictionary contains simple values like strings, numbers, or booleans.",[36,13505,13507],{"id":13506},"shallow-copy-explained","Shallow copy explained",[20,13509,13510,12921,13512,425],{},[15,13511,12850],{},[3824,13513,12924],{},[20,13515,2207],{},[158,13517,13518,13521,13524],{},[161,13519,13520],{},"The top-level dictionary is new",[161,13522,13523],{},"But nested mutable values are still shared",[161,13525,13526],{},"This includes values like lists and dictionaries inside the dictionary",[20,13528,1602],{},[41,13530,13532],{"className":43,"code":13531,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"grades\": [90, 85]\n}\n\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nstudent_copy[\"grades\"].append(100)\n\nprint(\"Original:\", student)\nprint(\"Copy:\", student_copy)\nprint(student is student_copy)\nprint(student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"])\n",[15,13533,13534,13542,13560,13583,13587,13591,13605,13609,13634,13638,13656,13675,13690],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,13535,13536,13538,13540],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,13537,12937],{"class":56},[50,13539,61],{"class":60},[50,13541,11567],{"class":64},[50,13543,13544,13546,13548,13550,13552,13554,13556,13558],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,13545,11572],{"class":604},[50,13547,814],{"class":608},[50,13549,811],{"class":604},[50,13551,819],{"class":64},[50,13553,700],{"class":604},[50,13555,824],{"class":608},[50,13557,811],{"class":604},[50,13559,11588],{"class":64},[50,13561,13562,13564,13567,13569,13571,13573,13576,13578,13581],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,13563,11572],{"class":604},[50,13565,13566],{"class":608},"grades",[50,13568,811],{"class":604},[50,13570,819],{"class":64},[50,13572,65],{"class":64},[50,13574,13575],{"class":68},"90",[50,13577,72],{"class":64},[50,13579,13580],{"class":68}," 85",[50,13582,83],{"class":64},[50,13584,13585],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,13586,645],{"class":64},[50,13588,13589],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,13590,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,13592,13593,13595,13597,13599,13601,13603],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,13594,12974],{"class":56},[50,13596,61],{"class":60},[50,13598,12979],{"class":56},[50,13600,425],{"class":64},[50,13602,12984],{"class":101},[50,13604,8722],{"class":64},[50,13606,13607],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,13608,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,13610,13611,13613,13615,13617,13619,13621,13624,13627,13629,13632],{"class":52,"line":6503},[50,13612,12999],{"class":56},[50,13614,363],{"class":64},[50,13616,811],{"class":604},[50,13618,13566],{"class":608},[50,13620,811],{"class":604},[50,13622,13623],{"class":64},"].",[50,13625,13626],{"class":101},"append",[50,13628,98],{"class":64},[50,13630,13631],{"class":68},"100",[50,13633,105],{"class":64},[50,13635,13636],{"class":52,"line":6509},[50,13637,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,13639,13640,13642,13644,13646,13648,13650,13652,13654],{"class":52,"line":6514},[50,13641,118],{"class":94},[50,13643,98],{"class":64},[50,13645,811],{"class":604},[50,13647,13367],{"class":608},[50,13649,811],{"class":604},[50,13651,72],{"class":64},[50,13653,12979],{"class":101},[50,13655,105],{"class":64},[50,13657,13658,13660,13662,13664,13666,13668,13670,13673],{"class":52,"line":11669},[50,13659,118],{"class":94},[50,13661,98],{"class":64},[50,13663,811],{"class":604},[50,13665,13386],{"class":608},[50,13667,811],{"class":604},[50,13669,72],{"class":64},[50,13671,13672],{"class":101}," student_copy",[50,13674,105],{"class":64},[50,13676,13678,13680,13682,13684,13686,13688],{"class":52,"line":13677},12,[50,13679,118],{"class":94},[50,13681,98],{"class":64},[50,13683,12937],{"class":101},[50,13685,12268],{"class":3957},[50,13687,13672],{"class":101},[50,13689,105],{"class":64},[50,13691,13693,13695,13697,13700,13702,13704,13706,13708,13710,13712,13714,13716,13718,13720,13722],{"class":52,"line":13692},13,[50,13694,118],{"class":94},[50,13696,98],{"class":64},[50,13698,13699],{"class":101},"student",[50,13701,363],{"class":64},[50,13703,811],{"class":604},[50,13705,13566],{"class":608},[50,13707,811],{"class":604},[50,13709,13346],{"class":64},[50,13711,8175],{"class":3957},[50,13713,13672],{"class":101},[50,13715,363],{"class":64},[50,13717,811],{"class":604},[50,13719,13566],{"class":608},[50,13721,811],{"class":604},[50,13723,3970],{"class":64},[20,13725,13726],{},[3824,13727,353],{},[41,13729,13731],{"className":43,"code":13730,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Original: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nCopy: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,13732,13733,13780,13826,13830],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,13734,13735,13737,13739,13741,13743,13745,13747,13749,13751,13753,13755,13757,13759,13761,13763,13765,13767,13769,13771,13773,13775,13777],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,13736,13409],{"class":56},[50,13738,819],{"class":64},[50,13740,632],{"class":64},[50,13742,611],{"class":604},[50,13744,814],{"class":608},[50,13746,611],{"class":604},[50,13748,819],{"class":64},[50,13750,605],{"class":604},[50,13752,824],{"class":608},[50,13754,611],{"class":604},[50,13756,72],{"class":64},[50,13758,605],{"class":604},[50,13760,13566],{"class":608},[50,13762,611],{"class":604},[50,13764,819],{"class":64},[50,13766,65],{"class":64},[50,13768,13575],{"class":68},[50,13770,72],{"class":64},[50,13772,13580],{"class":68},[50,13774,72],{"class":64},[50,13776,10196],{"class":68},[50,13778,13779],{"class":64},"]}\n",[50,13781,13782,13784,13786,13788,13790,13792,13794,13796,13798,13800,13802,13804,13806,13808,13810,13812,13814,13816,13818,13820,13822,13824],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,13783,13446],{"class":56},[50,13785,819],{"class":64},[50,13787,632],{"class":64},[50,13789,611],{"class":604},[50,13791,814],{"class":608},[50,13793,611],{"class":604},[50,13795,819],{"class":64},[50,13797,605],{"class":604},[50,13799,824],{"class":608},[50,13801,611],{"class":604},[50,13803,72],{"class":64},[50,13805,605],{"class":604},[50,13807,13566],{"class":608},[50,13809,611],{"class":604},[50,13811,819],{"class":64},[50,13813,65],{"class":64},[50,13815,13575],{"class":68},[50,13817,72],{"class":64},[50,13819,13580],{"class":68},[50,13821,72],{"class":64},[50,13823,10196],{"class":68},[50,13825,13779],{"class":64},[50,13827,13828],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,13829,4122],{"class":207},[50,13831,13832],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,13833,4061],{"class":207},[20,13835,404],{},[158,13837,13838,13846],{},[161,13839,13840,4862,13843,13845],{},[15,13841,13842],{},"student is student_copy",[15,13844,218],{},", so they are different dictionaries",[161,13847,13848,4862,13851,13853],{},[15,13849,13850],{},"student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"]",[15,13852,247],{},", so both dictionaries share the same list",[20,13855,13856],{},"Because of that, changing the nested list in the copy also changed the original.",[20,13858,13859,13860,425],{},"If you want to understand this in more detail, see ",[421,13861,13863],{"href":13862},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","Python shallow copy vs deep copy explained",[36,13865,5040,13867],{"id":13866},"when-to-use-copy",[15,13868,12850],{},[20,13870,920,13871,1504],{},[15,13872,12850],{},[158,13874,13875,13878,13881,13884],{},[161,13876,13877],{},"You want to edit a dictionary without changing the original",[161,13879,13880],{},"You need a backup before making updates",[161,13882,13883],{},"You pass a dictionary to code that may modify it",[161,13885,13886],{},"Your dictionary contains only simple values, so a shallow copy is enough",[20,13888,1602],{},[41,13890,13892],{"className":43,"code":13891,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\", \"font_size\": 14}\nsettings_backup = settings.copy()\n\nsettings[\"font_size\"] = 16\n\nprint(\"Current:\", settings)\nprint(\"Backup:\", settings_backup)\n",[15,13893,13894,13933,13949,13953,13973,13977,13996],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,13895,13896,13899,13901,13903,13905,13907,13909,13911,13913,13915,13917,13919,13921,13924,13926,13928,13931],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,13897,13898],{"class":56},"settings ",[50,13900,61],{"class":60},[50,13902,632],{"class":64},[50,13904,811],{"class":604},[50,13906,12569],{"class":608},[50,13908,811],{"class":604},[50,13910,819],{"class":64},[50,13912,700],{"class":604},[50,13914,12578],{"class":608},[50,13916,811],{"class":604},[50,13918,72],{"class":64},[50,13920,700],{"class":604},[50,13922,13923],{"class":608},"font_size",[50,13925,811],{"class":604},[50,13927,819],{"class":64},[50,13929,13930],{"class":68}," 14",[50,13932,645],{"class":64},[50,13934,13935,13938,13940,13943,13945,13947],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,13936,13937],{"class":56},"settings_backup ",[50,13939,61],{"class":60},[50,13941,13942],{"class":56}," settings",[50,13944,425],{"class":64},[50,13946,12984],{"class":101},[50,13948,8722],{"class":64},[50,13950,13951],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,13952,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,13954,13955,13958,13960,13962,13964,13966,13968,13970],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,13956,13957],{"class":56},"settings",[50,13959,363],{"class":64},[50,13961,811],{"class":604},[50,13963,13923],{"class":608},[50,13965,811],{"class":604},[50,13967,13346],{"class":64},[50,13969,13349],{"class":60},[50,13971,13972],{"class":68}," 16\n",[50,13974,13975],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,13976,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,13978,13979,13981,13983,13985,13988,13990,13992,13994],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,13980,118],{"class":94},[50,13982,98],{"class":64},[50,13984,811],{"class":604},[50,13986,13987],{"class":608},"Current:",[50,13989,811],{"class":604},[50,13991,72],{"class":64},[50,13993,13942],{"class":101},[50,13995,105],{"class":64},[50,13997,13998,14000,14002,14004,14007,14009,14011,14014],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,13999,118],{"class":94},[50,14001,98],{"class":64},[50,14003,811],{"class":604},[50,14005,14006],{"class":608},"Backup:",[50,14008,811],{"class":604},[50,14010,72],{"class":64},[50,14012,14013],{"class":101}," settings_backup",[50,14015,105],{"class":64},[20,14017,14018],{},[3824,14019,353],{},[41,14021,14023],{"className":43,"code":14022,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Current: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 16}\nBackup: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 14}\n",[15,14024,14025,14063],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,14026,14027,14030,14032,14034,14036,14038,14040,14042,14044,14046,14048,14050,14052,14054,14056,14058,14061],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,14028,14029],{"class":56},"Current",[50,14031,819],{"class":64},[50,14033,632],{"class":64},[50,14035,611],{"class":604},[50,14037,12569],{"class":608},[50,14039,611],{"class":604},[50,14041,819],{"class":64},[50,14043,605],{"class":604},[50,14045,12578],{"class":608},[50,14047,611],{"class":604},[50,14049,72],{"class":64},[50,14051,605],{"class":604},[50,14053,13923],{"class":608},[50,14055,611],{"class":604},[50,14057,819],{"class":64},[50,14059,14060],{"class":68}," 16",[50,14062,645],{"class":64},[50,14064,14065,14068,14070,14072,14074,14076,14078,14080,14082,14084,14086,14088,14090,14092,14094,14096,14098],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,14066,14067],{"class":56},"Backup",[50,14069,819],{"class":64},[50,14071,632],{"class":64},[50,14073,611],{"class":604},[50,14075,12569],{"class":608},[50,14077,611],{"class":604},[50,14079,819],{"class":64},[50,14081,605],{"class":604},[50,14083,12578],{"class":608},[50,14085,611],{"class":604},[50,14087,72],{"class":64},[50,14089,605],{"class":604},[50,14091,13923],{"class":608},[50,14093,611],{"class":604},[50,14095,819],{"class":64},[50,14097,13930],{"class":68},[50,14099,645],{"class":64},[20,14101,14102,14103,2976,14109,425],{},"This is a common pattern before using methods that change a dictionary, such as ",[421,14104,14106],{"href":14105},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method",[15,14107,14108],{},"dict.update()",[421,14110,14111],{"href":12897},[15,14112,11402],{},[36,14114,14116,14118],{"id":14115},"copy-vs-assignment",[15,14117,12850],{}," vs assignment",[20,14120,14121],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes.",[20,14123,914,14124,14126,14127,14129],{},[15,14125,61],{}," does ",[3824,14128,4709],{}," make a new dictionary. It only creates another variable that refers to the same object.",[222,14131,14133],{"id":14132},"using-assignment","Using assignment",[41,14135,14137],{"className":43,"code":14136,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nassigned = original\n\nassigned[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Assigned:\", assigned)\nprint(original is assigned)\n",[15,14138,14139,14171,14180,14184,14204,14208,14226,14246],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,14140,14141,14143,14145,14147,14149,14151,14153,14155,14157,14159,14161,14163,14165,14167,14169],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,14142,12160],{"class":56},[50,14144,61],{"class":60},[50,14146,632],{"class":64},[50,14148,811],{"class":604},[50,14150,2273],{"class":608},[50,14152,811],{"class":604},[50,14154,819],{"class":64},[50,14156,75],{"class":68},[50,14158,72],{"class":64},[50,14160,700],{"class":604},[50,14162,780],{"class":608},[50,14164,811],{"class":604},[50,14166,819],{"class":64},[50,14168,80],{"class":68},[50,14170,645],{"class":64},[50,14172,14173,14176,14178],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,14174,14175],{"class":56},"assigned ",[50,14177,61],{"class":60},[50,14179,12198],{"class":56},[50,14181,14182],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,14183,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,14185,14186,14189,14191,14193,14195,14197,14199,14201],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,14187,14188],{"class":56},"assigned",[50,14190,363],{"class":64},[50,14192,811],{"class":604},[50,14194,2273],{"class":608},[50,14196,811],{"class":604},[50,14198,13346],{"class":64},[50,14200,13349],{"class":60},[50,14202,14203],{"class":68}," 99\n",[50,14205,14206],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,14207,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,14209,14210,14212,14214,14216,14218,14220,14222,14224],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,14211,118],{"class":94},[50,14213,98],{"class":64},[50,14215,811],{"class":604},[50,14217,13367],{"class":608},[50,14219,811],{"class":604},[50,14221,72],{"class":64},[50,14223,12235],{"class":101},[50,14225,105],{"class":64},[50,14227,14228,14230,14232,14234,14237,14239,14241,14244],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,14229,118],{"class":94},[50,14231,98],{"class":64},[50,14233,811],{"class":604},[50,14235,14236],{"class":608},"Assigned:",[50,14238,811],{"class":604},[50,14240,72],{"class":64},[50,14242,14243],{"class":101}," assigned",[50,14245,105],{"class":64},[50,14247,14248,14250,14252,14254,14256,14258],{"class":52,"line":6503},[50,14249,118],{"class":94},[50,14251,98],{"class":64},[50,14253,12160],{"class":101},[50,14255,12268],{"class":3957},[50,14257,14243],{"class":101},[50,14259,105],{"class":64},[20,14261,14262],{},[3824,14263,353],{},[41,14265,14267],{"className":43,"code":14266,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Original: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nAssigned: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nTrue\n",[15,14268,14269,14301,14334],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,14270,14271,14273,14275,14277,14279,14281,14283,14285,14287,14289,14291,14293,14295,14297,14299],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,14272,13409],{"class":56},[50,14274,819],{"class":64},[50,14276,632],{"class":64},[50,14278,611],{"class":604},[50,14280,2273],{"class":608},[50,14282,611],{"class":604},[50,14284,819],{"class":64},[50,14286,10275],{"class":68},[50,14288,72],{"class":64},[50,14290,605],{"class":604},[50,14292,780],{"class":608},[50,14294,611],{"class":604},[50,14296,819],{"class":64},[50,14298,80],{"class":68},[50,14300,645],{"class":64},[50,14302,14303,14306,14308,14310,14312,14314,14316,14318,14320,14322,14324,14326,14328,14330,14332],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,14304,14305],{"class":56},"Assigned",[50,14307,819],{"class":64},[50,14309,632],{"class":64},[50,14311,611],{"class":604},[50,14313,2273],{"class":608},[50,14315,611],{"class":604},[50,14317,819],{"class":64},[50,14319,10275],{"class":68},[50,14321,72],{"class":64},[50,14323,605],{"class":604},[50,14325,780],{"class":608},[50,14327,611],{"class":604},[50,14329,819],{"class":64},[50,14331,80],{"class":68},[50,14333,645],{"class":64},[50,14335,14336],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,14337,4061],{"class":207},[222,14339,914,14341],{"id":14340},"using-copy",[15,14342,12850],{},[41,14344,14346],{"className":43,"code":14345,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Copied:\", copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,14347,14348,14380,14395,14399,14418,14422,14440,14460],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,14349,14350,14352,14354,14356,14358,14360,14362,14364,14366,14368,14370,14372,14374,14376,14378],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,14351,12160],{"class":56},[50,14353,61],{"class":60},[50,14355,632],{"class":64},[50,14357,811],{"class":604},[50,14359,2273],{"class":608},[50,14361,811],{"class":604},[50,14363,819],{"class":64},[50,14365,75],{"class":68},[50,14367,72],{"class":64},[50,14369,700],{"class":604},[50,14371,780],{"class":608},[50,14373,811],{"class":604},[50,14375,819],{"class":64},[50,14377,80],{"class":68},[50,14379,645],{"class":64},[50,14381,14382,14385,14387,14389,14391,14393],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,14383,14384],{"class":56},"copied ",[50,14386,61],{"class":60},[50,14388,12235],{"class":56},[50,14390,425],{"class":64},[50,14392,12984],{"class":101},[50,14394,8722],{"class":64},[50,14396,14397],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,14398,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,14400,14401,14404,14406,14408,14410,14412,14414,14416],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,14402,14403],{"class":56},"copied",[50,14405,363],{"class":64},[50,14407,811],{"class":604},[50,14409,2273],{"class":608},[50,14411,811],{"class":604},[50,14413,13346],{"class":64},[50,14415,13349],{"class":60},[50,14417,14203],{"class":68},[50,14419,14420],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,14421,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,14423,14424,14426,14428,14430,14432,14434,14436,14438],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,14425,118],{"class":94},[50,14427,98],{"class":64},[50,14429,811],{"class":604},[50,14431,13367],{"class":608},[50,14433,811],{"class":604},[50,14435,72],{"class":64},[50,14437,12235],{"class":101},[50,14439,105],{"class":64},[50,14441,14442,14444,14446,14448,14451,14453,14455,14458],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,14443,118],{"class":94},[50,14445,98],{"class":64},[50,14447,811],{"class":604},[50,14449,14450],{"class":608},"Copied:",[50,14452,811],{"class":604},[50,14454,72],{"class":64},[50,14456,14457],{"class":101}," copied",[50,14459,105],{"class":64},[50,14461,14462,14464,14466,14468,14470,14472],{"class":52,"line":6503},[50,14463,118],{"class":94},[50,14465,98],{"class":64},[50,14467,12160],{"class":101},[50,14469,12268],{"class":3957},[50,14471,14457],{"class":101},[50,14473,105],{"class":64},[20,14475,14476],{},[3824,14477,353],{},[41,14479,14481],{"className":43,"code":14480,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Original: {'x': 1, 'y': 2}\nCopied: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,14482,14483,14515,14548],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,14484,14485,14487,14489,14491,14493,14495,14497,14499,14501,14503,14505,14507,14509,14511,14513],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,14486,13409],{"class":56},[50,14488,819],{"class":64},[50,14490,632],{"class":64},[50,14492,611],{"class":604},[50,14494,2273],{"class":608},[50,14496,611],{"class":604},[50,14498,819],{"class":64},[50,14500,75],{"class":68},[50,14502,72],{"class":64},[50,14504,605],{"class":604},[50,14506,780],{"class":608},[50,14508,611],{"class":604},[50,14510,819],{"class":64},[50,14512,80],{"class":68},[50,14514,645],{"class":64},[50,14516,14517,14520,14522,14524,14526,14528,14530,14532,14534,14536,14538,14540,14542,14544,14546],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,14518,14519],{"class":56},"Copied",[50,14521,819],{"class":64},[50,14523,632],{"class":64},[50,14525,611],{"class":604},[50,14527,2273],{"class":608},[50,14529,611],{"class":604},[50,14531,819],{"class":64},[50,14533,10275],{"class":68},[50,14535,72],{"class":64},[50,14537,605],{"class":604},[50,14539,780],{"class":608},[50,14541,611],{"class":604},[50,14543,819],{"class":64},[50,14545,80],{"class":68},[50,14547,645],{"class":64},[50,14549,14550],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,14551,4122],{"class":207},[20,14553,14554],{},"Summary:",[158,14556,14557,14563],{},[161,14558,14559,14562],{},[15,14560,14561],{},"assigned = original"," → same dictionary",[161,14564,14565,14568],{},[15,14566,14567],{},"copied = original.copy()"," → new dictionary",[36,14570,14572],{"id":14571},"return-value-and-method-behavior","Return value and method behavior",[20,14574,14575,819],{},[15,14576,12850],{},[158,14578,14579,14582,14585,14588],{},[161,14580,14581],{},"Returns a dictionary",[161,14583,14584],{},"Does not modify the original dictionary",[161,14586,14587],{},"Copies the contents as they are at the time of copying",[161,14589,14590],{},"Keeps later top-level changes separate between the two dictionaries",[20,14592,1602],{},[41,14594,14596],{"className":43,"code":14595,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata_copy = data.copy()\n\ndata[\"a\"] = 10\ndata_copy[\"b\"] = 20\n\nprint(\"Original:\", data)\nprint(\"Copy:\", data_copy)\n",[15,14597,14598,14630,14646,14650,14668,14688,14692,14710],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,14599,14600,14602,14604,14606,14608,14610,14612,14614,14616,14618,14620,14622,14624,14626,14628],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,14601,9246],{"class":56},[50,14603,61],{"class":60},[50,14605,632],{"class":64},[50,14607,811],{"class":604},[50,14609,421],{"class":608},[50,14611,811],{"class":604},[50,14613,819],{"class":64},[50,14615,75],{"class":68},[50,14617,72],{"class":64},[50,14619,700],{"class":604},[50,14621,4839],{"class":608},[50,14623,811],{"class":604},[50,14625,819],{"class":64},[50,14627,80],{"class":68},[50,14629,645],{"class":64},[50,14631,14632,14635,14637,14640,14642,14644],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,14633,14634],{"class":56},"data_copy ",[50,14636,61],{"class":60},[50,14638,14639],{"class":56}," data",[50,14641,425],{"class":64},[50,14643,12984],{"class":101},[50,14645,8722],{"class":64},[50,14647,14648],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,14649,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,14651,14652,14654,14656,14658,14660,14662,14664,14666],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,14653,9284],{"class":56},[50,14655,363],{"class":64},[50,14657,811],{"class":604},[50,14659,421],{"class":608},[50,14661,811],{"class":604},[50,14663,13346],{"class":64},[50,14665,13349],{"class":60},[50,14667,2685],{"class":68},[50,14669,14670,14673,14675,14677,14679,14681,14683,14685],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,14671,14672],{"class":56},"data_copy",[50,14674,363],{"class":64},[50,14676,811],{"class":604},[50,14678,4839],{"class":608},[50,14680,811],{"class":604},[50,14682,13346],{"class":64},[50,14684,13349],{"class":60},[50,14686,14687],{"class":68}," 20\n",[50,14689,14690],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,14691,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,14693,14694,14696,14698,14700,14702,14704,14706,14708],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,14695,118],{"class":94},[50,14697,98],{"class":64},[50,14699,811],{"class":604},[50,14701,13367],{"class":608},[50,14703,811],{"class":604},[50,14705,72],{"class":64},[50,14707,14639],{"class":101},[50,14709,105],{"class":64},[50,14711,14712,14714,14716,14718,14720,14722,14724,14727],{"class":52,"line":6503},[50,14713,118],{"class":94},[50,14715,98],{"class":64},[50,14717,811],{"class":604},[50,14719,13386],{"class":608},[50,14721,811],{"class":604},[50,14723,72],{"class":64},[50,14725,14726],{"class":101}," data_copy",[50,14728,105],{"class":64},[20,14730,14731],{},[3824,14732,353],{},[41,14734,14736],{"className":43,"code":14735,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Original: {'a': 10, 'b': 2}\nCopy: {'a': 1, 'b': 20}\n",[15,14737,14738,14770],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,14739,14740,14742,14744,14746,14748,14750,14752,14754,14756,14758,14760,14762,14764,14766,14768],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,14741,13409],{"class":56},[50,14743,819],{"class":64},[50,14745,632],{"class":64},[50,14747,611],{"class":604},[50,14749,421],{"class":608},[50,14751,611],{"class":604},[50,14753,819],{"class":64},[50,14755,6082],{"class":68},[50,14757,72],{"class":64},[50,14759,605],{"class":604},[50,14761,4839],{"class":608},[50,14763,611],{"class":604},[50,14765,819],{"class":64},[50,14767,80],{"class":68},[50,14769,645],{"class":64},[50,14771,14772,14774,14776,14778,14780,14782,14784,14786,14788,14790,14792,14794,14796,14798,14800],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,14773,13446],{"class":56},[50,14775,819],{"class":64},[50,14777,632],{"class":64},[50,14779,611],{"class":604},[50,14781,421],{"class":608},[50,14783,611],{"class":604},[50,14785,819],{"class":64},[50,14787,75],{"class":68},[50,14789,72],{"class":64},[50,14791,605],{"class":604},[50,14793,4839],{"class":608},[50,14795,611],{"class":604},[50,14797,819],{"class":64},[50,14799,840],{"class":68},[50,14801,645],{"class":64},[36,14803,1743],{"id":1742},[20,14805,14806,14807,819],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into with ",[15,14808,12509],{},[158,14810,14811,14818,14823,14828],{},[161,14812,914,14813,1940,14815,14817],{},[15,14814,61],{},[15,14816,12850],{}," and expecting an independent dictionary",[161,14819,1748,14820,14822],{},[15,14821,12850],{}," also duplicates nested lists and nested dictionaries",[161,14824,14825,14826],{},"Forgetting to save the return value of ",[15,14827,12850],{},[161,14829,14830],{},"Changing a nested value in the copied dictionary and being surprised that the original also changes",[20,14832,14833],{},"These print statements can help you debug:",[41,14835,14837],{"className":43,"code":14836,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[\"key\"]))\nprint(id(copied[\"key\"]))\n",[15,14838,14839,14849,14859,14873,14896,14918],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,14840,14841,14843,14845,14847],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,14842,118],{"class":94},[50,14844,98],{"class":64},[50,14846,12207],{"class":101},[50,14848,105],{"class":64},[50,14850,14851,14853,14855,14857],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,14852,118],{"class":94},[50,14854,98],{"class":64},[50,14856,14403],{"class":101},[50,14858,105],{"class":64},[50,14860,14861,14863,14865,14867,14869,14871],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,14862,118],{"class":94},[50,14864,98],{"class":64},[50,14866,12160],{"class":101},[50,14868,12268],{"class":3957},[50,14870,14457],{"class":101},[50,14872,105],{"class":64},[50,14874,14875,14877,14879,14881,14883,14885,14887,14890,14892,14894],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,14876,118],{"class":94},[50,14878,98],{"class":64},[50,14880,12724],{"class":94},[50,14882,98],{"class":64},[50,14884,12207],{"class":101},[50,14886,9313],{"class":64},[50,14888,14889],{"class":94}," id",[50,14891,98],{"class":64},[50,14893,14403],{"class":101},[50,14895,478],{"class":64},[50,14897,14898,14900,14902,14904,14906,14908,14910,14912,14914,14916],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,14899,118],{"class":94},[50,14901,98],{"class":64},[50,14903,12724],{"class":94},[50,14905,98],{"class":64},[50,14907,12207],{"class":101},[50,14909,363],{"class":64},[50,14911,811],{"class":604},[50,14913,237],{"class":608},[50,14915,811],{"class":604},[50,14917,1805],{"class":64},[50,14919,14920,14922,14924,14926,14928,14930,14932,14934,14936,14938],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,14921,118],{"class":94},[50,14923,98],{"class":64},[50,14925,12724],{"class":94},[50,14927,98],{"class":64},[50,14929,14403],{"class":101},[50,14931,363],{"class":64},[50,14933,811],{"class":604},[50,14935,237],{"class":608},[50,14937,811],{"class":604},[50,14939,1805],{"class":64},[20,14941,14942],{},"What these help you check:",[158,14944,14945,14948,14951],{},[161,14946,14947],{},"Whether the dictionaries have the same contents",[161,14949,14950],{},"Whether the two variables point to the same dictionary",[161,14952,14953],{},"Whether a nested value is shared between both dictionaries",[20,14955,14956,14957,425],{},"If you need to copy nested data structures too, you may need a deep copy. A related example is ",[421,14958,14960],{"href":14959},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python","how to copy a list in Python",[36,14962,1913],{"id":1912},[222,14964,1917,14966,14968],{"id":14965},"does-dictcopy-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,14967,12509],{}," change the original dictionary?",[20,14970,14971],{},"No. It returns a new dictionary and leaves the original unchanged.",[222,14973,14975,14976,14978],{"id":14974},"is-dictcopy-a-deep-copy","Is ",[15,14977,12509],{}," a deep copy?",[20,14980,14981],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable objects are still shared.",[222,14983,5258,14985,4472,14987,1943],{"id":14984},"what-is-the-difference-between-copy-and",[15,14986,12850],{},[15,14988,61],{},[20,14990,14991,14993,14994,14996],{},[15,14992,12850],{}," creates a new dictionary object. ",[15,14995,61],{}," makes a new variable name pointing to the same dictionary.",[222,14998,15000],{"id":14999},"when-should-i-use-a-deep-copy-instead","When should I use a deep copy instead?",[20,15002,15003],{},"Use a deep copy when your dictionary contains nested mutable objects and you want fully independent copies.",[36,15005,1975],{"id":1974},[158,15007,15008,15012,15016,15020,15027,15033],{},[161,15009,15010],{},[421,15011,11317],{"href":13099},[161,15013,15014],{},[421,15015,9236],{"href":13096},[161,15017,15018],{},[421,15019,13863],{"href":13862},[161,15021,15022],{},[421,15023,10812,15024,10816],{"href":14105},[15,15025,15026],{},"update()",[161,15028,15029],{},[421,15030,10812,15031,10816],{"href":12897},[15,15032,11396],{},[161,15034,15035],{},[421,15036,15037],{"href":14959},"How to copy a list in Python",[2018,15039,15040],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":15042},[15043,15044,15046,15047,15048,15049,15051,15057,15058,15059,15068],{"id":2104,"depth":86,"text":2105},{"id":13068,"depth":86,"text":15045},"What the copy() method does",{"id":180,"depth":86,"text":181},{"id":270,"depth":86,"text":271},{"id":13506,"depth":86,"text":13507},{"id":13866,"depth":86,"text":15050},"When to use copy()",{"id":14115,"depth":86,"text":15052,"children":15053},"copy() vs assignment",[15054,15055],{"id":14132,"depth":108,"text":14133},{"id":14340,"depth":108,"text":15056},"Using copy()",{"id":14571,"depth":86,"text":14572},{"id":1742,"depth":86,"text":1743},{"id":1912,"depth":86,"text":1913,"children":15060},[15061,15063,15065,15067],{"id":14965,"depth":108,"text":15062},"Does dict.copy() change the original dictionary?",{"id":14974,"depth":108,"text":15064},"Is dict.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":14984,"depth":108,"text":15066},"What is the difference between copy() and =?",{"id":14999,"depth":108,"text":15000},{"id":1974,"depth":86,"text":1975},"Master python dictionary copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method",{"title":12903,"description":15069},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method","b4gPFp73mvuYzt0UIHo5udng8ybOHeuBHmfXr7S8Gq0",{"id":15076,"title":15077,"body":15078,"description":17275,"extension":2064,"meta":17276,"navigation":111,"path":13099,"seo":17277,"stem":17278,"__hash__":17279},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary.md","Python Dictionary: Creating a Dictionary",{"type":7,"value":15079,"toc":17237},[15080,15083,15089,15098,15100,15176,15180,15229,15232,15236,15250,15253,15257,15270,15273,15306,15320,15323,15335,15339,15342,15350,15430,15434,15487,15491,15509,15511,15593,15596,15598,15601,15604,15627,15651,15655,15663,15666,15670,15678,15683,15741,15745,15778,15784,15790,15793,15848,15852,15902,15905,15911,15914,15922,15924,15969,15974,15983,15986,15989,16036,16038,16043,16046,16139,16143,16196,16199,16255,16258,16262,16265,16279,16283,16349,16353,16378,16381,16385,16463,16467,16470,16473,16493,16496,16549,16553,16556,16559,16572,16574,16663,16670,16673,16684,16686,16689,16709,16713,16716,16725,16728,16767,16771,16773,16782,16791,16793,16831,16835,16882,16886,16907,16911,16914,17026,17031,17129,17151,17153,17157,17164,17168,17174,17178,17181,17185,17188,17195,17203,17205,17231,17234],[10,15081,15077],{"id":15082},"python-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[20,15084,15085,15086,15088],{},"A dictionary in Python stores data as ",[3824,15087,9212],{},". This page shows the main ways to create a dictionary, the basic syntax, and a few common beginner mistakes to avoid.",[20,15090,15091,15092,2976,15094,425],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, you may also want to read ",[421,15093,9236],{"href":9235},[421,15095,15097],{"href":15096},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","what is a dictionary in Python",[36,15099,2105],{"id":2104},[41,15101,15103],{"className":43,"code":15102,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"is_active\": True\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,15104,15105,15113,15131,15145,15158,15162,15166],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,15106,15107,15109,15111],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,15108,12937],{"class":56},[50,15110,61],{"class":60},[50,15112,11567],{"class":64},[50,15114,15115,15117,15119,15121,15123,15125,15127,15129],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,15116,11572],{"class":604},[50,15118,814],{"class":608},[50,15120,811],{"class":604},[50,15122,819],{"class":64},[50,15124,700],{"class":604},[50,15126,824],{"class":608},[50,15128,811],{"class":604},[50,15130,11588],{"class":64},[50,15132,15133,15135,15137,15139,15141,15143],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,15134,11572],{"class":604},[50,15136,833],{"class":608},[50,15138,811],{"class":604},[50,15140,819],{"class":64},[50,15142,840],{"class":68},[50,15144,11588],{"class":64},[50,15146,15147,15149,15152,15154,15156],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,15148,11572],{"class":604},[50,15150,15151],{"class":608},"is_active",[50,15153,811],{"class":604},[50,15155,819],{"class":64},[50,15157,6500],{"class":207},[50,15159,15160],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,15161,645],{"class":64},[50,15163,15164],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,15165,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,15167,15168,15170,15172,15174],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,15169,118],{"class":94},[50,15171,98],{"class":64},[50,15173,13699],{"class":101},[50,15175,105],{"class":64},[20,15177,15178],{},[3824,15179,353],{},[41,15181,15183],{"className":43,"code":15182,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'is_active': True}\n",[15,15184,15185],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,15186,15187,15189,15191,15193,15195,15197,15199,15201,15203,15205,15207,15209,15211,15213,15215,15217,15219,15221,15223,15225,15227],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,15188,9357],{"class":64},[50,15190,611],{"class":604},[50,15192,814],{"class":608},[50,15194,611],{"class":604},[50,15196,819],{"class":64},[50,15198,605],{"class":604},[50,15200,824],{"class":608},[50,15202,611],{"class":604},[50,15204,72],{"class":64},[50,15206,605],{"class":604},[50,15208,833],{"class":608},[50,15210,611],{"class":604},[50,15212,819],{"class":64},[50,15214,840],{"class":68},[50,15216,72],{"class":64},[50,15218,605],{"class":604},[50,15220,15151],{"class":608},[50,15222,611],{"class":604},[50,15224,819],{"class":64},[50,15226,3997],{"class":207},[50,15228,645],{"class":64},[20,15230,15231],{},"Use curly braces with key-value pairs separated by commas. Keys and values are joined with a colon.",[36,15233,15235],{"id":15234},"what-this-page-covers","What this page covers",[158,15237,15238,15241,15244,15247],{},[161,15239,15240],{},"What a dictionary is",[161,15242,15243],{},"The basic syntax for creating one",[161,15245,15246],{},"Common ways to make a dictionary",[161,15248,15249],{},"Beginner mistakes to avoid",[36,15251,15240],{"id":15252},"what-a-dictionary-is",[20,15254,9209,15255,425],{},[3824,15256,9212],{},[158,15258,15259,15265],{},[161,15260,15261,15262,15264],{},"A ",[3824,15263,237],{}," is the label",[161,15266,15261,15267,15269],{},[3824,15268,2570],{}," is the data connected to that label",[20,15271,15272],{},"For example, in this dictionary:",[41,15274,15276],{"className":43,"code":15275,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\"\n}\n",[15,15277,15278,15286,15302],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,15279,15280,15282,15284],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,15281,12937],{"class":56},[50,15283,61],{"class":60},[50,15285,11567],{"class":64},[50,15287,15288,15290,15292,15294,15296,15298,15300],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,15289,11572],{"class":604},[50,15291,814],{"class":608},[50,15293,811],{"class":604},[50,15295,819],{"class":64},[50,15297,700],{"class":604},[50,15299,824],{"class":608},[50,15301,705],{"class":604},[50,15303,15304],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,15305,645],{"class":64},[158,15307,15308,15314],{},[161,15309,15310,15313],{},[15,15311,15312],{},"\"name\""," is the key",[161,15315,15316,15319],{},[15,15317,15318],{},"\"Ana\""," is the value",[20,15321,15322],{},"Dictionaries are useful when your data has labels, such as:",[158,15324,15325,15327,15329,15332],{},[161,15326,814],{},[161,15328,833],{},[161,15330,15331],{},"email",[161,15333,15334],{},"country",[36,15336,15338],{"id":15337},"create-a-dictionary-with-curly-braces","Create a dictionary with curly braces",[20,15340,15341],{},"This is the most common way to create a dictionary.",[20,15343,920,15344,15346,15347,425],{},[15,15345,3873],{}," and write each item as ",[15,15348,15349],{},"key: value",[41,15351,15353],{"className":43,"code":15352,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"course\": \"Python\"\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,15354,15355,15363,15381,15395,15412,15416,15420],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,15356,15357,15359,15361],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,15358,12937],{"class":56},[50,15360,61],{"class":60},[50,15362,11567],{"class":64},[50,15364,15365,15367,15369,15371,15373,15375,15377,15379],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,15366,11572],{"class":604},[50,15368,814],{"class":608},[50,15370,811],{"class":604},[50,15372,819],{"class":64},[50,15374,700],{"class":604},[50,15376,824],{"class":608},[50,15378,811],{"class":604},[50,15380,11588],{"class":64},[50,15382,15383,15385,15387,15389,15391,15393],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,15384,11572],{"class":604},[50,15386,833],{"class":608},[50,15388,811],{"class":604},[50,15390,819],{"class":64},[50,15392,840],{"class":68},[50,15394,11588],{"class":64},[50,15396,15397,15399,15402,15404,15406,15408,15410],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,15398,11572],{"class":604},[50,15400,15401],{"class":608},"course",[50,15403,811],{"class":604},[50,15405,819],{"class":64},[50,15407,700],{"class":604},[50,15409,7376],{"class":608},[50,15411,705],{"class":604},[50,15413,15414],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,15415,645],{"class":64},[50,15417,15418],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,15419,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,15421,15422,15424,15426,15428],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,15423,118],{"class":94},[50,15425,98],{"class":64},[50,15427,13699],{"class":101},[50,15429,105],{"class":64},[20,15431,15432],{},[3824,15433,353],{},[41,15435,15437],{"className":43,"code":15436,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'course': 'Python'}\n",[15,15438,15439],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,15440,15441,15443,15445,15447,15449,15451,15453,15455,15457,15459,15461,15463,15465,15467,15469,15471,15473,15475,15477,15479,15481,15483,15485],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,15442,9357],{"class":64},[50,15444,611],{"class":604},[50,15446,814],{"class":608},[50,15448,611],{"class":604},[50,15450,819],{"class":64},[50,15452,605],{"class":604},[50,15454,824],{"class":608},[50,15456,611],{"class":604},[50,15458,72],{"class":64},[50,15460,605],{"class":604},[50,15462,833],{"class":608},[50,15464,611],{"class":604},[50,15466,819],{"class":64},[50,15468,840],{"class":68},[50,15470,72],{"class":64},[50,15472,605],{"class":604},[50,15474,15401],{"class":608},[50,15476,611],{"class":604},[50,15478,819],{"class":64},[50,15480,605],{"class":604},[50,15482,7376],{"class":608},[50,15484,611],{"class":604},[50,15486,645],{"class":64},[222,15488,15490],{"id":15489},"syntax-rules","Syntax rules",[158,15492,15493,15498,15503,15506],{},[161,15494,920,15495,15497],{},[15,15496,3873],{}," to start and end the dictionary",[161,15499,15500,15501],{},"Write each item as ",[15,15502,15349],{},[161,15504,15505],{},"Separate items with commas",[161,15507,15508],{},"String keys are usually written in quotes",[20,15510,1602],{},[41,15512,15514],{"className":43,"code":15513,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"book = {\n    \"title\": \"Python Basics\",\n    \"pages\": 150,\n    \"available\": True\n}\n\nprint(book)\n",[15,15515,15516,15525,15545,15561,15574,15578,15582],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,15517,15518,15521,15523],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,15519,15520],{"class":56},"book ",[50,15522,61],{"class":60},[50,15524,11567],{"class":64},[50,15526,15527,15529,15532,15534,15536,15538,15541,15543],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,15528,11572],{"class":604},[50,15530,15531],{"class":608},"title",[50,15533,811],{"class":604},[50,15535,819],{"class":64},[50,15537,700],{"class":604},[50,15539,15540],{"class":608},"Python Basics",[50,15542,811],{"class":604},[50,15544,11588],{"class":64},[50,15546,15547,15549,15552,15554,15556,15559],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,15548,11572],{"class":604},[50,15550,15551],{"class":608},"pages",[50,15553,811],{"class":604},[50,15555,819],{"class":64},[50,15557,15558],{"class":68}," 150",[50,15560,11588],{"class":64},[50,15562,15563,15565,15568,15570,15572],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,15564,11572],{"class":604},[50,15566,15567],{"class":608},"available",[50,15569,811],{"class":604},[50,15571,819],{"class":64},[50,15573,6500],{"class":207},[50,15575,15576],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,15577,645],{"class":64},[50,15579,15580],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,15581,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,15583,15584,15586,15588,15591],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,15585,118],{"class":94},[50,15587,98],{"class":64},[50,15589,15590],{"class":101},"book",[50,15592,105],{"class":64},[20,15594,15595],{},"This style is best when you already know the keys and values you want to add.",[36,15597,9480],{"id":9479},[20,15599,15600],{},"Sometimes you want to start with an empty dictionary and add items later.",[20,15602,15603],{},"You can create an empty dictionary in two ways:",[41,15605,15607],{"className":43,"code":15606,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {}\nprint(data)\n",[15,15608,15609,15617],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,15610,15611,15613,15615],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,15612,9246],{"class":56},[50,15614,61],{"class":60},[50,15616,9916],{"class":64},[50,15618,15619,15621,15623,15625],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,15620,118],{"class":94},[50,15622,98],{"class":64},[50,15624,9284],{"class":101},[50,15626,105],{"class":64},[41,15628,15629],{"className":43,"code":9483,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,15630,15631,15641],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,15632,15633,15635,15637,15639],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,15634,9246],{"class":56},[50,15636,61],{"class":60},[50,15638,9251],{"class":557},[50,15640,8722],{"class":64},[50,15642,15643,15645,15647,15649],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,15644,118],{"class":94},[50,15646,98],{"class":64},[50,15648,9284],{"class":101},[50,15650,105],{"class":64},[20,15652,15653],{},[3824,15654,353],{},[41,15656,15657],{"className":43,"code":9512,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,15658,15659],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,15660,15661],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,15662,9512],{"class":64},[20,15664,15665],{},"Both are correct.",[222,15667,15669],{"id":15668},"important-beginner-note","Important beginner note",[20,15671,15672,15674,15675,15677],{},[15,15673,3873],{}," creates an empty ",[3824,15676,787],{},", not an empty set.",[20,15679,15680,15681,425],{},"If you want an empty set, you must use ",[15,15682,3878],{},[41,15684,15686],{"className":43,"code":15685,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_dict = {}\nmy_set = set()\n\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(type(my_set))\n",[15,15687,15688,15696,15708,15712,15726],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,15689,15690,15692,15694],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,15691,11799],{"class":56},[50,15693,61],{"class":60},[50,15695,9916],{"class":64},[50,15697,15698,15701,15703,15706],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,15699,15700],{"class":56},"my_set ",[50,15702,61],{"class":60},[50,15704,15705],{"class":557}," set",[50,15707,8722],{"class":64},[50,15709,15710],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,15711,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,15713,15714,15716,15718,15720,15722,15724],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,15715,118],{"class":94},[50,15717,98],{"class":64},[50,15719,558],{"class":557},[50,15721,98],{"class":64},[50,15723,11525],{"class":101},[50,15725,478],{"class":64},[50,15727,15728,15730,15732,15734,15736,15739],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,15729,118],{"class":94},[50,15731,98],{"class":64},[50,15733,558],{"class":557},[50,15735,98],{"class":64},[50,15737,15738],{"class":101},"my_set",[50,15740,478],{"class":64},[20,15742,15743],{},[3824,15744,353],{},[41,15746,15748],{"className":43,"code":15747,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,15749,15750,15764],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,15751,15752,15754,15756,15758,15760,15762],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,15753,597],{"class":60},[50,15755,601],{"class":600},[50,15757,605],{"class":604},[50,15759,8901],{"class":608},[50,15761,611],{"class":604},[50,15763,614],{"class":60},[50,15765,15766,15768,15770,15772,15774,15776],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,15767,597],{"class":60},[50,15769,601],{"class":600},[50,15771,605],{"class":604},[50,15773,617],{"class":608},[50,15775,611],{"class":604},[50,15777,614],{"class":60},[36,15779,15781,15782],{"id":15780},"create-a-dictionary-with-dict","Create a dictionary with ",[15,15783,9200],{},[20,15785,15786,15787,15789],{},"You can also use ",[15,15788,9200],{}," to create a dictionary.",[20,15791,15792],{},"One simple way is with keyword arguments:",[41,15794,15796],{"className":43,"code":15795,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"student = dict(name=\"Ana\", age=20, active=True)\nprint(student)\n",[15,15797,15798,15838],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,15799,15800,15802,15804,15806,15808,15810,15812,15814,15816,15818,15820,15822,15824,15827,15829,15832,15834,15836],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,15801,12937],{"class":56},[50,15803,61],{"class":60},[50,15805,9251],{"class":557},[50,15807,98],{"class":64},[50,15809,814],{"class":201},[50,15811,61],{"class":60},[50,15813,811],{"class":604},[50,15815,824],{"class":608},[50,15817,811],{"class":604},[50,15819,72],{"class":64},[50,15821,9268],{"class":201},[50,15823,61],{"class":60},[50,15825,15826],{"class":68},"20",[50,15828,72],{"class":64},[50,15830,15831],{"class":201}," active",[50,15833,61],{"class":60},[50,15835,247],{"class":207},[50,15837,105],{"class":64},[50,15839,15840,15842,15844,15846],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,15841,118],{"class":94},[50,15843,98],{"class":64},[50,15845,13699],{"class":101},[50,15847,105],{"class":64},[20,15849,15850],{},[3824,15851,353],{},[41,15853,15855],{"className":43,"code":15854,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'active': True}\n",[15,15856,15857],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,15858,15859,15861,15863,15865,15867,15869,15871,15873,15875,15877,15879,15881,15883,15885,15887,15889,15891,15894,15896,15898,15900],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,15860,9357],{"class":64},[50,15862,611],{"class":604},[50,15864,814],{"class":608},[50,15866,611],{"class":604},[50,15868,819],{"class":64},[50,15870,605],{"class":604},[50,15872,824],{"class":608},[50,15874,611],{"class":604},[50,15876,72],{"class":64},[50,15878,605],{"class":604},[50,15880,833],{"class":608},[50,15882,611],{"class":604},[50,15884,819],{"class":64},[50,15886,840],{"class":68},[50,15888,72],{"class":64},[50,15890,605],{"class":604},[50,15892,15893],{"class":608},"active",[50,15895,611],{"class":604},[50,15897,819],{"class":64},[50,15899,3997],{"class":207},[50,15901,645],{"class":64},[20,15903,15904],{},"This can be easy to read for small dictionaries.",[222,15906,15908,15909],{"id":15907},"important-rule-for-dict","Important rule for ",[15,15910,9200],{},[20,15912,15913],{},"When using keyword arguments:",[158,15915,15916,15919],{},[161,15917,15918],{},"keys must be valid Python names",[161,15920,15921],{},"you do not put quotes around the keys",[20,15923,6766],{},[41,15925,15927],{"className":43,"code":15926,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"user = dict(name=\"Sam\", age=25)\nprint(user)\n",[15,15928,15929,15959],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,15930,15931,15933,15935,15937,15939,15941,15943,15945,15947,15949,15951,15953,15955,15957],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,15932,11562],{"class":56},[50,15934,61],{"class":60},[50,15936,9251],{"class":557},[50,15938,98],{"class":64},[50,15940,814],{"class":201},[50,15942,61],{"class":60},[50,15944,811],{"class":604},[50,15946,7756],{"class":608},[50,15948,811],{"class":604},[50,15950,72],{"class":64},[50,15952,9268],{"class":201},[50,15954,61],{"class":60},[50,15956,9273],{"class":68},[50,15958,105],{"class":64},[50,15960,15961,15963,15965,15967],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,15962,118],{"class":94},[50,15964,98],{"class":64},[50,15966,11656],{"class":101},[50,15968,105],{"class":64},[20,15970,4706,15971,15973],{},[3824,15972,4709],{}," work as keyword syntax:",[41,15975,15977],{"className":43,"code":15976,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"# dict(first-name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,15978,15979],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,15980,15981],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,15982,15976],{"class":129},[20,15984,15985],{},"That key is not a valid Python name because it contains a hyphen.",[20,15987,15988],{},"If your keys are not valid Python names, use curly braces instead:",[41,15990,15992],{"className":43,"code":15991,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"user = {\n    \"first-name\": \"Sam\"\n}\n\nprint(user)\n",[15,15993,15994,16002,16018,16022,16026],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,15995,15996,15998,16000],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,15997,11562],{"class":56},[50,15999,61],{"class":60},[50,16001,11567],{"class":64},[50,16003,16004,16006,16008,16010,16012,16014,16016],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,16005,11572],{"class":604},[50,16007,10572],{"class":608},[50,16009,811],{"class":604},[50,16011,819],{"class":64},[50,16013,700],{"class":604},[50,16015,7756],{"class":608},[50,16017,705],{"class":604},[50,16019,16020],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,16021,645],{"class":64},[50,16023,16024],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,16025,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,16027,16028,16030,16032,16034],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,16029,118],{"class":94},[50,16031,98],{"class":64},[50,16033,11656],{"class":101},[50,16035,105],{"class":64},[36,16037,9522],{"id":9521},[20,16039,16040,16042],{},[15,16041,9200],{}," can also build a dictionary from key-value pairs.",[20,16044,16045],{},"This is useful when your data already exists as pairs, such as a list of tuples.",[41,16047,16049],{"className":43,"code":16048,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"pairs = [(\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20), (\"city\", \"Lima\")]\n\nstudent = dict(pairs)\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,16050,16051,16107,16111,16125,16129],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,16052,16053,16055,16057,16059,16061,16063,16065,16067,16069,16071,16073,16075,16077,16079,16081,16083,16085,16087,16089,16091,16093,16095,16097,16099,16101,16103,16105],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,16054,9295],{"class":56},[50,16056,61],{"class":60},[50,16058,9300],{"class":64},[50,16060,811],{"class":604},[50,16062,814],{"class":608},[50,16064,811],{"class":604},[50,16066,72],{"class":64},[50,16068,700],{"class":604},[50,16070,824],{"class":608},[50,16072,811],{"class":604},[50,16074,9313],{"class":64},[50,16076,521],{"class":64},[50,16078,811],{"class":604},[50,16080,833],{"class":608},[50,16082,811],{"class":604},[50,16084,72],{"class":64},[50,16086,840],{"class":68},[50,16088,9313],{"class":64},[50,16090,521],{"class":64},[50,16092,811],{"class":604},[50,16094,847],{"class":608},[50,16096,811],{"class":604},[50,16098,72],{"class":64},[50,16100,700],{"class":604},[50,16102,856],{"class":608},[50,16104,811],{"class":604},[50,16106,9328],{"class":64},[50,16108,16109],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,16110,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,16112,16113,16115,16117,16119,16121,16123],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,16114,12937],{"class":56},[50,16116,61],{"class":60},[50,16118,9251],{"class":557},[50,16120,98],{"class":64},[50,16122,9341],{"class":101},[50,16124,105],{"class":64},[50,16126,16127],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,16128,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,16130,16131,16133,16135,16137],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,16132,118],{"class":94},[50,16134,98],{"class":64},[50,16136,13699],{"class":101},[50,16138,105],{"class":64},[20,16140,16141],{},[3824,16142,353],{},[41,16144,16146],{"className":43,"code":16145,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,16147,16148],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,16149,16150,16152,16154,16156,16158,16160,16162,16164,16166,16168,16170,16172,16174,16176,16178,16180,16182,16184,16186,16188,16190,16192,16194],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,16151,9357],{"class":64},[50,16153,611],{"class":604},[50,16155,814],{"class":608},[50,16157,611],{"class":604},[50,16159,819],{"class":64},[50,16161,605],{"class":604},[50,16163,824],{"class":608},[50,16165,611],{"class":604},[50,16167,72],{"class":64},[50,16169,605],{"class":604},[50,16171,833],{"class":608},[50,16173,611],{"class":604},[50,16175,819],{"class":64},[50,16177,840],{"class":68},[50,16179,72],{"class":64},[50,16181,605],{"class":604},[50,16183,847],{"class":608},[50,16185,611],{"class":604},[50,16187,819],{"class":64},[50,16189,605],{"class":604},[50,16191,856],{"class":608},[50,16193,611],{"class":604},[50,16195,645],{"class":64},[20,16197,16198],{},"You can also use tuples directly:",[41,16200,16202],{"className":43,"code":16201,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"student = dict(((\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20)))\nprint(student)\n",[15,16203,16204,16245],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,16205,16206,16208,16210,16212,16215,16217,16219,16221,16223,16225,16227,16229,16231,16233,16235,16237,16239,16241,16243],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,16207,12937],{"class":56},[50,16209,61],{"class":60},[50,16211,9251],{"class":557},[50,16213,16214],{"class":64},"(((",[50,16216,811],{"class":604},[50,16218,814],{"class":608},[50,16220,811],{"class":604},[50,16222,72],{"class":64},[50,16224,700],{"class":604},[50,16226,824],{"class":608},[50,16228,811],{"class":604},[50,16230,9313],{"class":64},[50,16232,521],{"class":64},[50,16234,811],{"class":604},[50,16236,833],{"class":608},[50,16238,811],{"class":604},[50,16240,72],{"class":64},[50,16242,840],{"class":68},[50,16244,569],{"class":64},[50,16246,16247,16249,16251,16253],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,16248,118],{"class":94},[50,16250,98],{"class":64},[50,16252,13699],{"class":101},[50,16254,105],{"class":64},[20,16256,16257],{},"This approach is helpful when you receive data in pair form and want to turn it into a dictionary.",[36,16259,16261],{"id":16260},"rules-beginners-should-know","Rules beginners should know",[20,16263,16264],{},"Here are a few important dictionary rules:",[158,16266,16267,16270,16273,16276],{},[161,16268,16269],{},"Keys must be unique",[161,16271,16272],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value replaces earlier ones",[161,16274,16275],{},"Values can repeat",[161,16277,16278],{},"Keys are often strings, but other immutable types can also be keys",[222,16280,16282],{"id":16281},"duplicate-key-example","Duplicate key example",[41,16284,16286],{"className":43,"code":16285,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"name\": \"Maria\"\n}\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,16287,16288,16296,16314,16331,16335,16339],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,16289,16290,16292,16294],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,16291,9246],{"class":56},[50,16293,61],{"class":60},[50,16295,11567],{"class":64},[50,16297,16298,16300,16302,16304,16306,16308,16310,16312],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,16299,11572],{"class":604},[50,16301,814],{"class":608},[50,16303,811],{"class":604},[50,16305,819],{"class":64},[50,16307,700],{"class":604},[50,16309,824],{"class":608},[50,16311,811],{"class":604},[50,16313,11588],{"class":64},[50,16315,16316,16318,16320,16322,16324,16326,16329],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,16317,11572],{"class":604},[50,16319,814],{"class":608},[50,16321,811],{"class":604},[50,16323,819],{"class":64},[50,16325,700],{"class":604},[50,16327,16328],{"class":608},"Maria",[50,16330,705],{"class":604},[50,16332,16333],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,16334,645],{"class":64},[50,16336,16337],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,16338,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,16340,16341,16343,16345,16347],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,16342,118],{"class":94},[50,16344,98],{"class":64},[50,16346,9284],{"class":101},[50,16348,105],{"class":64},[20,16350,16351],{},[3824,16352,353],{},[41,16354,16356],{"className":43,"code":16355,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'name': 'Maria'}\n",[15,16357,16358],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,16359,16360,16362,16364,16366,16368,16370,16372,16374,16376],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,16361,9357],{"class":64},[50,16363,611],{"class":604},[50,16365,814],{"class":608},[50,16367,611],{"class":604},[50,16369,819],{"class":64},[50,16371,605],{"class":604},[50,16373,16328],{"class":608},[50,16375,611],{"class":604},[50,16377,645],{"class":64},[20,16379,16380],{},"Only the last value is kept.",[222,16382,16384],{"id":16383},"keys-can-be-numbers-too","Keys can be numbers too",[41,16386,16388],{"className":43,"code":16387,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"scores = {\n    1: \"low\",\n    2: \"medium\",\n    3: \"high\"\n}\n\nprint(scores)\n",[15,16389,16390,16398,16414,16430,16444,16448,16452],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,16391,16392,16394,16396],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,16393,5143],{"class":56},[50,16395,61],{"class":60},[50,16397,11567],{"class":64},[50,16399,16400,16403,16405,16407,16410,16412],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,16401,16402],{"class":68},"    1",[50,16404,819],{"class":64},[50,16406,700],{"class":604},[50,16408,16409],{"class":608},"low",[50,16411,811],{"class":604},[50,16413,11588],{"class":64},[50,16415,16416,16419,16421,16423,16426,16428],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,16417,16418],{"class":68},"    2",[50,16420,819],{"class":64},[50,16422,700],{"class":604},[50,16424,16425],{"class":608},"medium",[50,16427,811],{"class":604},[50,16429,11588],{"class":64},[50,16431,16432,16435,16437,16439,16442],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,16433,16434],{"class":68},"    3",[50,16436,819],{"class":64},[50,16438,700],{"class":604},[50,16440,16441],{"class":608},"high",[50,16443,705],{"class":604},[50,16445,16446],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,16447,645],{"class":64},[50,16449,16450],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,16451,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,16453,16454,16456,16458,16461],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,16455,118],{"class":94},[50,16457,98],{"class":64},[50,16459,16460],{"class":101},"scores",[50,16462,105],{"class":64},[222,16464,16466],{"id":16465},"mutable-types-cannot-be-keys","Mutable types cannot be keys",[20,16468,16469],{},"A list cannot be a dictionary key because lists are mutable.",[20,16471,16472],{},"This will cause an error:",[41,16474,16476],{"className":43,"code":16475,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"# bad = {\n#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n# }\n",[15,16477,16478,16483,16488],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,16479,16480],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,16481,16482],{"class":129},"# bad = {\n",[50,16484,16485],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,16486,16487],{"class":129},"#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n",[50,16489,16490],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,16491,16492],{"class":129},"# }\n",[20,16494,16495],{},"But a tuple can be used as a key because tuples are immutable:",[41,16497,16499],{"className":43,"code":16498,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"good = {\n    (1, 2): \"numbers\"\n}\n\nprint(good)\n",[15,16500,16501,16510,16530,16534,16538],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,16502,16503,16506,16508],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,16504,16505],{"class":56},"good ",[50,16507,61],{"class":60},[50,16509,11567],{"class":64},[50,16511,16512,16515,16517,16519,16521,16524,16526,16528],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,16513,16514],{"class":64},"    (",[50,16516,366],{"class":68},[50,16518,72],{"class":64},[50,16520,80],{"class":68},[50,16522,16523],{"class":64},"):",[50,16525,700],{"class":604},[50,16527,102],{"class":608},[50,16529,705],{"class":604},[50,16531,16532],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,16533,645],{"class":64},[50,16535,16536],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,16537,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,16539,16540,16542,16544,16547],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,16541,118],{"class":94},[50,16543,98],{"class":64},[50,16545,16546],{"class":101},"good",[50,16548,105],{"class":64},[36,16550,16552],{"id":16551},"when-to-use-a-dictionary","When to use a dictionary",[20,16554,16555],{},"Use a dictionary when each value has a label.",[20,16557,16558],{},"Dictionaries are a good choice for:",[158,16560,16561,16564,16566,16569],{},[161,16562,16563],{},"user data",[161,16565,13957],{},[161,16567,16568],{},"counters",[161,16570,16571],{},"lookups",[20,16573,1602],{},[41,16575,16577],{"className":43,"code":16576,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"user = {\n    \"username\": \"ana123\",\n    \"email\": \"ana@example.com\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\nprint(user[\"email\"])\n",[15,16578,16579,16587,16606,16625,16637,16641,16645],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,16580,16581,16583,16585],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,16582,11562],{"class":56},[50,16584,61],{"class":60},[50,16586,11567],{"class":64},[50,16588,16589,16591,16593,16595,16597,16599,16602,16604],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,16590,11572],{"class":604},[50,16592,8064],{"class":608},[50,16594,811],{"class":604},[50,16596,819],{"class":64},[50,16598,700],{"class":604},[50,16600,16601],{"class":608},"ana123",[50,16603,811],{"class":604},[50,16605,11588],{"class":64},[50,16607,16608,16610,16612,16614,16616,16618,16621,16623],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,16609,11572],{"class":604},[50,16611,15331],{"class":608},[50,16613,811],{"class":604},[50,16615,819],{"class":64},[50,16617,700],{"class":604},[50,16619,16620],{"class":608},"ana@example.com",[50,16622,811],{"class":604},[50,16624,11588],{"class":64},[50,16626,16627,16629,16631,16633,16635],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,16628,11572],{"class":604},[50,16630,12589],{"class":608},[50,16632,811],{"class":604},[50,16634,819],{"class":64},[50,16636,6500],{"class":207},[50,16638,16639],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,16640,645],{"class":64},[50,16642,16643],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,16644,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,16646,16647,16649,16651,16653,16655,16657,16659,16661],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,16648,118],{"class":94},[50,16650,98],{"class":64},[50,16652,11656],{"class":101},[50,16654,363],{"class":64},[50,16656,811],{"class":604},[50,16658,15331],{"class":608},[50,16660,811],{"class":604},[50,16662,3970],{"class":64},[20,16664,16665,16666,425],{},"If you want to learn how to read values from a dictionary, see ",[421,16667,16669],{"href":16668},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-access-values-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to access values in a dictionary in Python",[20,16671,16672],{},"A list is usually a better choice when:",[158,16674,16675,16678,16681],{},[161,16676,16677],{},"labels are not needed",[161,16679,16680],{},"you mostly care about position",[161,16682,16683],{},"order matters more than named fields",[36,16685,1743],{"id":1742},[20,16687,16688],{},"Beginners often make these mistakes when creating dictionaries:",[158,16690,16691,16694,16697,16700,16703],{},[161,16692,16693],{},"Using commas instead of colons between keys and values",[161,16695,16696],{},"Forgetting quotes around string keys when needed",[161,16698,16699],{},"Repeating the same key and expecting both values to stay",[161,16701,16702],{},"Using a mutable type like a list as a dictionary key",[161,16704,16705,16706,16708],{},"Mixing up ",[15,16707,3873],{}," for dictionaries and sets",[222,16710,16712],{"id":16711},"mistake-using-a-comma-instead-of-a-colon","Mistake: using a comma instead of a colon",[20,16714,16715],{},"Wrong:",[41,16717,16719],{"className":43,"code":16718,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"# student = {\"name\", \"Ana\"}\n",[15,16720,16721],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,16722,16723],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,16724,16718],{"class":129},[20,16726,16727],{},"Correct:",[41,16729,16731],{"className":43,"code":16730,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student)\n",[15,16732,16733,16757],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,16734,16735,16737,16739,16741,16743,16745,16747,16749,16751,16753,16755],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,16736,12937],{"class":56},[50,16738,61],{"class":60},[50,16740,632],{"class":64},[50,16742,811],{"class":604},[50,16744,814],{"class":608},[50,16746,811],{"class":604},[50,16748,819],{"class":64},[50,16750,700],{"class":604},[50,16752,824],{"class":608},[50,16754,811],{"class":604},[50,16756,645],{"class":64},[50,16758,16759,16761,16763,16765],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,16760,118],{"class":94},[50,16762,98],{"class":64},[50,16764,13699],{"class":101},[50,16766,105],{"class":64},[222,16768,16770],{"id":16769},"mistake-forgetting-quotes-around-a-string-key","Mistake: forgetting quotes around a string key",[20,16772,16715],{},[41,16774,16776],{"className":43,"code":16775,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"# student = {name: \"Ana\"}\n",[15,16777,16778],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,16779,16780],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,16781,16775],{"class":129},[20,16783,16784,16785,16787,16788,16790],{},"This only works if ",[15,16786,814],{}," is already a variable. If you want the key to be the text ",[15,16789,15312],{},", use quotes.",[20,16792,16727],{},[41,16794,16795],{"className":43,"code":16730,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,16796,16797,16821],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,16798,16799,16801,16803,16805,16807,16809,16811,16813,16815,16817,16819],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,16800,12937],{"class":56},[50,16802,61],{"class":60},[50,16804,632],{"class":64},[50,16806,811],{"class":604},[50,16808,814],{"class":608},[50,16810,811],{"class":604},[50,16812,819],{"class":64},[50,16814,700],{"class":604},[50,16816,824],{"class":608},[50,16818,811],{"class":604},[50,16820,645],{"class":64},[50,16822,16823,16825,16827,16829],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,16824,118],{"class":94},[50,16826,98],{"class":64},[50,16828,13699],{"class":101},[50,16830,105],{"class":64},[222,16832,16834],{"id":16833},"mistake-expecting-duplicate-keys-to-stay","Mistake: expecting duplicate keys to stay",[41,16836,16838],{"className":43,"code":16837,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {\"age\": 20, \"age\": 30}\nprint(data)\n",[15,16839,16840,16872],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,16841,16842,16844,16846,16848,16850,16852,16854,16856,16858,16860,16862,16864,16866,16868,16870],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,16843,9246],{"class":56},[50,16845,61],{"class":60},[50,16847,632],{"class":64},[50,16849,811],{"class":604},[50,16851,833],{"class":608},[50,16853,811],{"class":604},[50,16855,819],{"class":64},[50,16857,840],{"class":68},[50,16859,72],{"class":64},[50,16861,700],{"class":604},[50,16863,833],{"class":608},[50,16865,811],{"class":604},[50,16867,819],{"class":64},[50,16869,1627],{"class":68},[50,16871,645],{"class":64},[50,16873,16874,16876,16878,16880],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,16875,118],{"class":94},[50,16877,98],{"class":64},[50,16879,9284],{"class":101},[50,16881,105],{"class":64},[20,16883,16884],{},[3824,16885,353],{},[41,16887,16889],{"className":43,"code":16888,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'age': 30}\n",[15,16890,16891],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,16892,16893,16895,16897,16899,16901,16903,16905],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,16894,9357],{"class":64},[50,16896,611],{"class":604},[50,16898,833],{"class":608},[50,16900,611],{"class":604},[50,16902,819],{"class":64},[50,16904,1627],{"class":68},[50,16906,645],{"class":64},[36,16908,16910],{"id":16909},"helpful-checks-while-learning","Helpful checks while learning",[20,16912,16913],{},"These quick commands can help you inspect a dictionary:",[41,16915,16917],{"className":43,"code":16916,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(len(my_dict))\n",[15,16918,16919,16955,16959,16969,16983,16998,17012],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,16920,16921,16923,16925,16927,16929,16931,16933,16935,16937,16939,16941,16943,16945,16947,16949,16951,16953],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,16922,11799],{"class":56},[50,16924,61],{"class":60},[50,16926,632],{"class":64},[50,16928,811],{"class":604},[50,16930,814],{"class":608},[50,16932,811],{"class":604},[50,16934,819],{"class":64},[50,16936,700],{"class":604},[50,16938,824],{"class":608},[50,16940,811],{"class":604},[50,16942,72],{"class":64},[50,16944,700],{"class":604},[50,16946,833],{"class":608},[50,16948,811],{"class":604},[50,16950,819],{"class":64},[50,16952,840],{"class":68},[50,16954,645],{"class":64},[50,16956,16957],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,16958,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,16960,16961,16963,16965,16967],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,16962,118],{"class":94},[50,16964,98],{"class":64},[50,16966,11525],{"class":101},[50,16968,105],{"class":64},[50,16970,16971,16973,16975,16977,16979,16981],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,16972,118],{"class":94},[50,16974,98],{"class":64},[50,16976,558],{"class":557},[50,16978,98],{"class":64},[50,16980,11525],{"class":101},[50,16982,478],{"class":64},[50,16984,16985,16987,16989,16991,16993,16996],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,16986,118],{"class":94},[50,16988,98],{"class":64},[50,16990,11525],{"class":101},[50,16992,425],{"class":64},[50,16994,16995],{"class":101},"keys",[50,16997,7273],{"class":64},[50,16999,17000,17002,17004,17006,17008,17010],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,17001,118],{"class":94},[50,17003,98],{"class":64},[50,17005,11525],{"class":101},[50,17007,425],{"class":64},[50,17009,546],{"class":101},[50,17011,7273],{"class":64},[50,17013,17014,17016,17018,17020,17022,17024],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,17015,118],{"class":94},[50,17017,98],{"class":64},[50,17019,1267],{"class":94},[50,17021,98],{"class":64},[50,17023,11525],{"class":101},[50,17025,478],{"class":64},[20,17027,17028],{},[3824,17029,17030],{},"Example output:",[41,17032,17034],{"className":43,"code":17033,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\ndict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\n2\n",[15,17035,17036,17068,17082,17105,17124],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,17037,17038,17040,17042,17044,17046,17048,17050,17052,17054,17056,17058,17060,17062,17064,17066],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,17039,9357],{"class":64},[50,17041,611],{"class":604},[50,17043,814],{"class":608},[50,17045,611],{"class":604},[50,17047,819],{"class":64},[50,17049,605],{"class":604},[50,17051,824],{"class":608},[50,17053,611],{"class":604},[50,17055,72],{"class":64},[50,17057,605],{"class":604},[50,17059,833],{"class":608},[50,17061,611],{"class":604},[50,17063,819],{"class":64},[50,17065,840],{"class":68},[50,17067,645],{"class":64},[50,17069,17070,17072,17074,17076,17078,17080],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,17071,597],{"class":60},[50,17073,601],{"class":600},[50,17075,605],{"class":604},[50,17077,8901],{"class":608},[50,17079,611],{"class":604},[50,17081,614],{"class":60},[50,17083,17084,17087,17089,17091,17093,17095,17097,17099,17101,17103],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,17085,17086],{"class":101},"dict_keys",[50,17088,1792],{"class":64},[50,17090,611],{"class":604},[50,17092,814],{"class":608},[50,17094,611],{"class":604},[50,17096,72],{"class":64},[50,17098,605],{"class":604},[50,17100,833],{"class":608},[50,17102,611],{"class":604},[50,17104,3970],{"class":64},[50,17106,17107,17110,17112,17114,17116,17118,17120,17122],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,17108,17109],{"class":101},"dict_values",[50,17111,1792],{"class":64},[50,17113,611],{"class":604},[50,17115,824],{"class":608},[50,17117,611],{"class":604},[50,17119,72],{"class":64},[50,17121,840],{"class":68},[50,17123,3970],{"class":64},[50,17125,17126],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,17127,17128],{"class":68},"2\n",[20,17130,17131,17132,31,17138,17144,17145,425],{},"If you want to learn these methods in more detail, see ",[421,17133,10812,17135],{"href":17134},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method\u002F",[15,17136,17137],{},"keys()",[421,17139,10812,17141],{"href":17140},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method\u002F",[15,17142,17143],{},"values()",", and ",[421,17146,10812,17148],{"href":17147},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method\u002F",[15,17149,17150],{},"items()",[36,17152,1913],{"id":1912},[222,17154,17156],{"id":17155},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-dictionary-in-python","How do I create an empty dictionary in Python?",[20,17158,920,17159,2976,17161,17163],{},[15,17160,3873],{},[15,17162,9200],{},". Both create an empty dictionary.",[222,17165,17167],{"id":17166},"what-is-the-easiest-way-to-create-a-dictionary","What is the easiest way to create a dictionary?",[20,17169,17170,17171,425],{},"The easiest way is usually curly braces with key-value pairs, like ",[15,17172,17173],{},"{\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}",[222,17175,17177],{"id":17176},"can-dictionary-keys-be-numbers","Can dictionary keys be numbers?",[20,17179,17180],{},"Yes. Keys can be numbers, strings, tuples, and other immutable types.",[222,17182,17184],{"id":17183},"can-a-dictionary-have-duplicate-keys","Can a dictionary have duplicate keys?",[20,17186,17187],{},"A dictionary can be written with duplicate keys, but only the last value for that key is kept.",[222,17189,5258,17191,4472,17193,1943],{"id":17190},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-dict",[15,17192,3873],{},[15,17194,9200],{},[20,17196,17197,17199,17200,17202],{},[15,17198,3873],{}," is the most common literal syntax. ",[15,17201,9200],{}," is a constructor and is useful for empty dictionaries, keyword arguments, or key-value pair data.",[36,17204,1975],{"id":1974},[158,17206,17207,17211,17217,17221,17227],{},[161,17208,17209],{},[421,17210,9236],{"href":9235},[161,17212,17213],{},[421,17214,10812,17215,10816],{"href":10811},[15,17216,10815],{},[161,17218,17219],{},[421,17220,11326],{"href":10806},[161,17222,17223],{},[421,17224,17226],{"href":17225},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-key-exists-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[161,17228,17229],{},[421,17230,11337],{"href":11150},[20,17232,17233],{},"Next step: learn how to access, add, and safely read dictionary values.",[2018,17235,17236],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":17238},[17239,17240,17241,17242,17245,17248,17253,17254,17259,17260,17265,17266,17274],{"id":2104,"depth":86,"text":2105},{"id":15234,"depth":86,"text":15235},{"id":15252,"depth":86,"text":15240},{"id":15337,"depth":86,"text":15338,"children":17243},[17244],{"id":15489,"depth":108,"text":15490},{"id":9479,"depth":86,"text":9480,"children":17246},[17247],{"id":15668,"depth":108,"text":15669},{"id":15780,"depth":86,"text":17249,"children":17250},"Create a dictionary with dict()",[17251],{"id":15907,"depth":108,"text":17252},"Important rule for dict()",{"id":9521,"depth":86,"text":9522},{"id":16260,"depth":86,"text":16261,"children":17255},[17256,17257,17258],{"id":16281,"depth":108,"text":16282},{"id":16383,"depth":108,"text":16384},{"id":16465,"depth":108,"text":16466},{"id":16551,"depth":86,"text":16552},{"id":1742,"depth":86,"text":1743,"children":17261},[17262,17263,17264],{"id":16711,"depth":108,"text":16712},{"id":16769,"depth":108,"text":16770},{"id":16833,"depth":108,"text":16834},{"id":16909,"depth":86,"text":16910},{"id":1912,"depth":86,"text":1913,"children":17267},[17268,17269,17270,17271,17272],{"id":17155,"depth":108,"text":17156},{"id":17166,"depth":108,"text":17167},{"id":17176,"depth":108,"text":17177},{"id":17183,"depth":108,"text":17184},{"id":17190,"depth":108,"text":17273},"What is the difference between {} and dict()?",{"id":1974,"depth":86,"text":1975},"Master python dictionary creating a dictionary in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":15077,"description":17275},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary","O7TVqwZDB3TCnmmRLHQ65qMF8VSifRb5cK3N-83y3Fg",{"id":17281,"title":17282,"body":17283,"description":19730,"extension":2064,"meta":19731,"navigation":111,"path":19732,"seo":19733,"stem":19734,"__hash__":19735},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method.md","Python Dictionary fromkeys() Method",{"type":7,"value":17284,"toc":19686},[17285,17291,17297,17300,17303,17305,17386,17392,17397,17401,17419,17431,17436,17440,17463,17465,17477,17485,17489,17495,17497,17500,17575,17577,17622,17624,17641,17646,17652,17657,17731,17733,17778,17781,17792,17794,17913,17915,17968,17975,17979,17982,17999,18005,18009,18107,18109,18160,18167,18171,18177,18180,18183,18210,18215,18219,18222,18326,18328,18373,18376,18379,18384,18389,18400,18402,18463,18523,18529,18537,18543,18548,18553,18613,18617,18684,18687,18691,18762,18765,18778,18785,18787,18791,18795,18866,18868,18905,18908,18911,18974,18981,18984,19026,19036,19039,19108,19114,19119,19203,19205,19254,19261,19267,19312,19314,19347,19352,19356,19362,19401,19445,19513,19556,19558,19564,19567,19571,19576,19580,19583,19587,19589,19650,19652,19678,19683],[10,17286,11393,17288,11397],{"id":17287},"python-dictionary-fromkeys-method",[15,17289,17290],{},"fromkeys()",[20,17292,17293,17296],{},[15,17294,17295],{},"dict.fromkeys()"," creates a new dictionary from a group of keys.",[20,17298,17299],{},"It is useful when you already know the keys you want, and every key should start with the same value.",[20,17301,17302],{},"One important beginner mistake to watch for is using a mutable value like a list or dictionary. In that case, all keys share the same object.",[36,17304,2105],{"id":2104},[41,17306,17308],{"className":43,"code":17307,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nperson = dict.fromkeys(keys, \"unknown\")\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[15,17309,17310,17343,17371,17381],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,17311,17312,17315,17317,17319,17321,17323,17325,17327,17329,17331,17333,17335,17337,17339,17341],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,17313,17314],{"class":56},"keys ",[50,17316,61],{"class":60},[50,17318,65],{"class":64},[50,17320,811],{"class":604},[50,17322,814],{"class":608},[50,17324,811],{"class":604},[50,17326,72],{"class":64},[50,17328,700],{"class":604},[50,17330,833],{"class":608},[50,17332,811],{"class":604},[50,17334,72],{"class":64},[50,17336,700],{"class":604},[50,17338,847],{"class":608},[50,17340,811],{"class":604},[50,17342,83],{"class":64},[50,17344,17345,17347,17349,17351,17353,17356,17358,17360,17362,17364,17367,17369],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,17346,804],{"class":56},[50,17348,61],{"class":60},[50,17350,9251],{"class":557},[50,17352,425],{"class":64},[50,17354,17355],{"class":101},"fromkeys",[50,17357,98],{"class":64},[50,17359,16995],{"class":101},[50,17361,72],{"class":64},[50,17363,700],{"class":604},[50,17365,17366],{"class":608},"unknown",[50,17368,811],{"class":604},[50,17370,105],{"class":64},[50,17372,17373,17375,17377,17379],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,17374,118],{"class":94},[50,17376,98],{"class":64},[50,17378,873],{"class":101},[50,17380,105],{"class":64},[50,17382,17383],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,17384,17385],{"class":129},"# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[20,17387,920,17388,17391],{},[15,17389,17390],{},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)"," to create a new dictionary where each key starts with the same value.",[36,17393,153,17395,156],{"id":17394},"what-dictfromkeys-does",[15,17396,17295],{},[20,17398,17399,819],{},[15,17400,17295],{},[158,17402,17403,17406,17409,17412],{},[161,17404,17405],{},"Creates a new dictionary from a sequence of keys",[161,17407,17408],{},"Assigns the same value to every key",[161,17410,17411],{},"Returns a new dictionary",[161,17413,17414,17415,17418],{},"Is called as ",[15,17416,17417],{},"dict.fromkeys(...)",", not on an existing dictionary",[20,17420,17421,17422,17424,17425,17427,17428,425],{},"This is a class method on ",[15,17423,8901],{},", so you write ",[15,17426,17417],{}," instead of something like ",[15,17429,17430],{},"my_dict.fromkeys(...)",[20,17432,17433,17434,425],{},"If you need a refresher on dictionaries first, see ",[421,17435,9236],{"href":13096},[36,17437,17439],{"id":17438},"syntax-and-parameters","Syntax and parameters",[41,17441,17443],{"className":43,"code":17442,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)\n",[15,17444,17445],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,17446,17447,17449,17451,17453,17455,17457,17459,17461],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,17448,8901],{"class":557},[50,17450,425],{"class":64},[50,17452,17355],{"class":101},[50,17454,98],{"class":64},[50,17456,196],{"class":101},[50,17458,72],{"class":64},[50,17460,8512],{"class":101},[50,17462,105],{"class":64},[222,17464,225],{"id":224},[158,17466,17467,17472],{},[161,17468,17469,17471],{},[15,17470,196],{},": the keys to use",[161,17473,17474,17476],{},[15,17475,2570],{},": optional starting value for every key",[20,17478,17479,17480,17482,17483,425],{},"If you leave out ",[15,17481,2570],{},", each key gets ",[15,17484,208],{},[222,17486,17488],{"id":17487},"return-value","Return value",[20,17490,17491,17492,425],{},"It returns a ",[3824,17493,17494],{},"new dictionary",[36,17496,5864],{"id":5863},[20,17498,17499],{},"Here is a simple example using a list of strings as keys:",[41,17501,17503],{"className":43,"code":17502,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"keys = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,17504,17505,17538,17560,17564],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,17506,17507,17509,17511,17513,17515,17517,17519,17521,17523,17526,17528,17530,17532,17534,17536],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,17508,17314],{"class":56},[50,17510,61],{"class":60},[50,17512,65],{"class":64},[50,17514,811],{"class":604},[50,17516,13166],{"class":608},[50,17518,811],{"class":604},[50,17520,72],{"class":64},[50,17522,700],{"class":604},[50,17524,17525],{"class":608},"green",[50,17527,811],{"class":604},[50,17529,72],{"class":64},[50,17531,700],{"class":604},[50,17533,13183],{"class":608},[50,17535,811],{"class":604},[50,17537,83],{"class":64},[50,17539,17540,17542,17544,17546,17548,17550,17552,17554,17556,17558],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,17541,13149],{"class":56},[50,17543,61],{"class":60},[50,17545,9251],{"class":557},[50,17547,425],{"class":64},[50,17549,17355],{"class":101},[50,17551,98],{"class":64},[50,17553,16995],{"class":101},[50,17555,72],{"class":64},[50,17557,3914],{"class":68},[50,17559,105],{"class":64},[50,17561,17562],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,17563,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,17565,17566,17568,17570,17573],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,17567,118],{"class":94},[50,17569,98],{"class":64},[50,17571,17572],{"class":101},"colors",[50,17574,105],{"class":64},[20,17576,353],{},[41,17578,17580],{"className":43,"code":17579,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'red': 0, 'green': 0, 'blue': 0}\n",[15,17581,17582],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,17583,17584,17586,17588,17590,17592,17594,17596,17598,17600,17602,17604,17606,17608,17610,17612,17614,17616,17618,17620],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,17585,9357],{"class":64},[50,17587,611],{"class":604},[50,17589,13166],{"class":608},[50,17591,611],{"class":604},[50,17593,819],{"class":64},[50,17595,3914],{"class":68},[50,17597,72],{"class":64},[50,17599,605],{"class":604},[50,17601,17525],{"class":608},[50,17603,611],{"class":604},[50,17605,819],{"class":64},[50,17607,3914],{"class":68},[50,17609,72],{"class":64},[50,17611,605],{"class":604},[50,17613,13183],{"class":608},[50,17615,611],{"class":604},[50,17617,819],{"class":64},[50,17619,3914],{"class":68},[50,17621,645],{"class":64},[20,17623,11758],{},[158,17625,17626,17631,17636],{},[161,17627,17628,17630],{},[15,17629,16995],{}," contains the dictionary keys",[161,17632,17633,17635],{},[15,17634,2220],{}," is used as the starting value for every key",[161,17637,17638,17640],{},[15,17639,17295],{}," returns the new dictionary",[20,17642,17643,17644,425],{},"If you want to learn more ways to create dictionaries, see ",[421,17645,9469],{"href":13099},[36,17647,914,17649,17651],{"id":17648},"using-fromkeys-without-a-value",[15,17650,17290],{}," without a value",[20,17653,17654,17655,425],{},"If you do not pass the second argument, the default value is ",[15,17656,208],{},[41,17658,17660],{"className":43,"code":17659,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,17661,17662,17696,17716,17720],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,17663,17664,17667,17669,17671,17673,17675,17677,17679,17681,17683,17685,17687,17689,17692,17694],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,17665,17666],{"class":56},"fields ",[50,17668,61],{"class":60},[50,17670,65],{"class":64},[50,17672,811],{"class":604},[50,17674,8064],{"class":608},[50,17676,811],{"class":604},[50,17678,72],{"class":64},[50,17680,700],{"class":604},[50,17682,15331],{"class":608},[50,17684,811],{"class":604},[50,17686,72],{"class":64},[50,17688,700],{"class":604},[50,17690,17691],{"class":608},"password",[50,17693,811],{"class":604},[50,17695,83],{"class":64},[50,17697,17698,17701,17703,17705,17707,17709,17711,17714],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,17699,17700],{"class":56},"user_data ",[50,17702,61],{"class":60},[50,17704,9251],{"class":557},[50,17706,425],{"class":64},[50,17708,17355],{"class":101},[50,17710,98],{"class":64},[50,17712,17713],{"class":101},"fields",[50,17715,105],{"class":64},[50,17717,17718],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,17719,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,17721,17722,17724,17726,17729],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,17723,118],{"class":94},[50,17725,98],{"class":64},[50,17727,17728],{"class":101},"user_data",[50,17730,105],{"class":64},[20,17732,353],{},[41,17734,17736],{"className":43,"code":17735,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'username': None, 'email': None, 'password': None}\n",[15,17737,17738],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,17739,17740,17742,17744,17746,17748,17750,17752,17754,17756,17758,17760,17762,17764,17766,17768,17770,17772,17774,17776],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,17741,9357],{"class":64},[50,17743,611],{"class":604},[50,17745,8064],{"class":608},[50,17747,611],{"class":604},[50,17749,819],{"class":64},[50,17751,3933],{"class":207},[50,17753,72],{"class":64},[50,17755,605],{"class":604},[50,17757,15331],{"class":608},[50,17759,611],{"class":604},[50,17761,819],{"class":64},[50,17763,3933],{"class":207},[50,17765,72],{"class":64},[50,17767,605],{"class":604},[50,17769,17691],{"class":608},[50,17771,611],{"class":604},[50,17773,819],{"class":64},[50,17775,3933],{"class":207},[50,17777,645],{"class":64},[20,17779,17780],{},"This is useful when:",[158,17782,17783,17786,17789],{},[161,17784,17785],{},"You want to create the keys first",[161,17787,17788],{},"You plan to fill in the real values later",[161,17790,17791],{},"You need placeholder values during setup",[20,17793,1602],{},[41,17795,17797],{"className":43,"code":17796,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nuser_data[\"username\"] = \"alice\"\nuser_data[\"email\"] = \"alice@example.com\"\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,17798,17799,17831,17849,17853,17876,17899,17903],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,17800,17801,17803,17805,17807,17809,17811,17813,17815,17817,17819,17821,17823,17825,17827,17829],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,17802,17666],{"class":56},[50,17804,61],{"class":60},[50,17806,65],{"class":64},[50,17808,811],{"class":604},[50,17810,8064],{"class":608},[50,17812,811],{"class":604},[50,17814,72],{"class":64},[50,17816,700],{"class":604},[50,17818,15331],{"class":608},[50,17820,811],{"class":604},[50,17822,72],{"class":64},[50,17824,700],{"class":604},[50,17826,17691],{"class":608},[50,17828,811],{"class":604},[50,17830,83],{"class":64},[50,17832,17833,17835,17837,17839,17841,17843,17845,17847],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,17834,17700],{"class":56},[50,17836,61],{"class":60},[50,17838,9251],{"class":557},[50,17840,425],{"class":64},[50,17842,17355],{"class":101},[50,17844,98],{"class":64},[50,17846,17713],{"class":101},[50,17848,105],{"class":64},[50,17850,17851],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,17852,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,17854,17855,17857,17859,17861,17863,17865,17867,17869,17871,17874],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,17856,17728],{"class":56},[50,17858,363],{"class":64},[50,17860,811],{"class":604},[50,17862,8064],{"class":608},[50,17864,811],{"class":604},[50,17866,13346],{"class":64},[50,17868,13349],{"class":60},[50,17870,700],{"class":604},[50,17872,17873],{"class":608},"alice",[50,17875,705],{"class":604},[50,17877,17878,17880,17882,17884,17886,17888,17890,17892,17894,17897],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,17879,17728],{"class":56},[50,17881,363],{"class":64},[50,17883,811],{"class":604},[50,17885,15331],{"class":608},[50,17887,811],{"class":604},[50,17889,13346],{"class":64},[50,17891,13349],{"class":60},[50,17893,700],{"class":604},[50,17895,17896],{"class":608},"alice@example.com",[50,17898,705],{"class":604},[50,17900,17901],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,17902,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,17904,17905,17907,17909,17911],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,17906,118],{"class":94},[50,17908,98],{"class":64},[50,17910,17728],{"class":101},[50,17912,105],{"class":64},[20,17914,353],{},[41,17916,17918],{"className":43,"code":17917,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'username': 'alice', 'email': 'alice@example.com', 'password': None}\n",[15,17919,17920],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,17921,17922,17924,17926,17928,17930,17932,17934,17936,17938,17940,17942,17944,17946,17948,17950,17952,17954,17956,17958,17960,17962,17964,17966],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,17923,9357],{"class":64},[50,17925,611],{"class":604},[50,17927,8064],{"class":608},[50,17929,611],{"class":604},[50,17931,819],{"class":64},[50,17933,605],{"class":604},[50,17935,17873],{"class":608},[50,17937,611],{"class":604},[50,17939,72],{"class":64},[50,17941,605],{"class":604},[50,17943,15331],{"class":608},[50,17945,611],{"class":604},[50,17947,819],{"class":64},[50,17949,605],{"class":604},[50,17951,17896],{"class":608},[50,17953,611],{"class":604},[50,17955,72],{"class":64},[50,17957,605],{"class":604},[50,17959,17691],{"class":608},[50,17961,611],{"class":604},[50,17963,819],{"class":64},[50,17965,3933],{"class":207},[50,17967,645],{"class":64},[20,17969,17970,17971,425],{},"If you want to add or change keys later, see ",[421,17972,17974],{"href":17973},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python","how to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[36,17976,17978],{"id":17977},"important-warning-about-mutable-values","Important warning about mutable values",[20,17980,17981],{},"Be careful when using a mutable value such as:",[158,17983,17984,17989,17994],{},[161,17985,17986,17988],{},[15,17987,3868],{}," (list)",[161,17990,17991,17993],{},[15,17992,3873],{}," (dictionary)",[161,17995,17996,17998],{},[15,17997,3878],{}," (set)",[20,18000,18001,18002,425],{},"All keys will point to the ",[3824,18003,18004],{},"same object",[222,18006,18008],{"id":18007},"example-of-the-problem","Example of the problem",[41,18010,18012],{"className":43,"code":18011,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = dict.fromkeys(keys, [])\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,18013,18014,18046,18067,18071,18093,18097],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,18015,18016,18018,18020,18022,18024,18026,18028,18030,18032,18034,18036,18038,18040,18042,18044],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,18017,17314],{"class":56},[50,18019,61],{"class":60},[50,18021,65],{"class":64},[50,18023,811],{"class":604},[50,18025,421],{"class":608},[50,18027,811],{"class":604},[50,18029,72],{"class":64},[50,18031,700],{"class":604},[50,18033,4839],{"class":608},[50,18035,811],{"class":604},[50,18037,72],{"class":64},[50,18039,700],{"class":604},[50,18041,9817],{"class":608},[50,18043,811],{"class":604},[50,18045,83],{"class":64},[50,18047,18048,18050,18052,18054,18056,18058,18060,18062,18064],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,18049,9246],{"class":56},[50,18051,61],{"class":60},[50,18053,9251],{"class":557},[50,18055,425],{"class":64},[50,18057,17355],{"class":101},[50,18059,98],{"class":64},[50,18061,16995],{"class":101},[50,18063,72],{"class":64},[50,18065,18066],{"class":64}," [])\n",[50,18068,18069],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,18070,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,18072,18073,18075,18077,18079,18081,18083,18085,18087,18089,18091],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,18074,9284],{"class":56},[50,18076,363],{"class":64},[50,18078,811],{"class":604},[50,18080,421],{"class":608},[50,18082,811],{"class":604},[50,18084,13623],{"class":64},[50,18086,13626],{"class":101},[50,18088,98],{"class":64},[50,18090,366],{"class":68},[50,18092,105],{"class":64},[50,18094,18095],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,18096,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,18098,18099,18101,18103,18105],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,18100,118],{"class":94},[50,18102,98],{"class":64},[50,18104,9284],{"class":101},[50,18106,105],{"class":64},[20,18108,353],{},[41,18110,18112],{"className":43,"code":18111,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1], 'c': [1]}\n",[15,18113,18114],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,18115,18116,18118,18120,18122,18124,18126,18128,18130,18132,18134,18136,18138,18140,18142,18144,18146,18148,18150,18152,18154,18156,18158],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,18117,9357],{"class":64},[50,18119,611],{"class":604},[50,18121,421],{"class":608},[50,18123,611],{"class":604},[50,18125,819],{"class":64},[50,18127,65],{"class":64},[50,18129,366],{"class":68},[50,18131,1860],{"class":64},[50,18133,605],{"class":604},[50,18135,4839],{"class":608},[50,18137,611],{"class":604},[50,18139,819],{"class":64},[50,18141,65],{"class":64},[50,18143,366],{"class":68},[50,18145,1860],{"class":64},[50,18147,605],{"class":604},[50,18149,9817],{"class":608},[50,18151,611],{"class":604},[50,18153,819],{"class":64},[50,18155,65],{"class":64},[50,18157,366],{"class":68},[50,18159,13779],{"class":64},[20,18161,18162,18163,18166],{},"Many beginners expect only ",[15,18164,18165],{},"\"a\""," to change, but all keys change because they share the same list.",[222,18168,18170],{"id":18169},"why-this-happens","Why this happens",[20,18172,18173,18176],{},[15,18174,18175],{},"dict.fromkeys(keys, [])"," creates one list object.",[20,18178,18179],{},"That same list is then used for every key.",[20,18181,18182],{},"So this:",[41,18184,18186],{"className":43,"code":18185,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data[\"a\"].append(1)\n",[15,18187,18188],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,18189,18190,18192,18194,18196,18198,18200,18202,18204,18206,18208],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,18191,9284],{"class":56},[50,18193,363],{"class":64},[50,18195,811],{"class":604},[50,18197,421],{"class":608},[50,18199,811],{"class":604},[50,18201,13623],{"class":64},[50,18203,13626],{"class":101},[50,18205,98],{"class":64},[50,18207,366],{"class":68},[50,18209,105],{"class":64},[20,18211,18212,18213,425],{},"changes the shared list, not a separate list just for key ",[15,18214,18165],{},[222,18216,18218],{"id":18217},"the-better-way-when-each-key-needs-its-own-list","The better way when each key needs its own list",[20,18220,18221],{},"Use a dictionary comprehension:",[41,18223,18225],{"className":43,"code":18224,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,18226,18227,18259,18286,18290,18312,18316],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,18228,18229,18231,18233,18235,18237,18239,18241,18243,18245,18247,18249,18251,18253,18255,18257],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,18230,17314],{"class":56},[50,18232,61],{"class":60},[50,18234,65],{"class":64},[50,18236,811],{"class":604},[50,18238,421],{"class":608},[50,18240,811],{"class":604},[50,18242,72],{"class":64},[50,18244,700],{"class":604},[50,18246,4839],{"class":608},[50,18248,811],{"class":604},[50,18250,72],{"class":64},[50,18252,700],{"class":604},[50,18254,9817],{"class":608},[50,18256,811],{"class":604},[50,18258,83],{"class":64},[50,18260,18261,18263,18265,18267,18269,18271,18274,18276,18279,18281,18284],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,18262,9246],{"class":56},[50,18264,61],{"class":60},[50,18266,632],{"class":64},[50,18268,237],{"class":56},[50,18270,819],{"class":64},[50,18272,18273],{"class":64}," []",[50,18275,3958],{"class":3957},[50,18277,18278],{"class":56}," key ",[50,18280,3964],{"class":3957},[50,18282,18283],{"class":56}," keys",[50,18285,645],{"class":64},[50,18287,18288],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,18289,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,18291,18292,18294,18296,18298,18300,18302,18304,18306,18308,18310],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,18293,9284],{"class":56},[50,18295,363],{"class":64},[50,18297,811],{"class":604},[50,18299,421],{"class":608},[50,18301,811],{"class":604},[50,18303,13623],{"class":64},[50,18305,13626],{"class":101},[50,18307,98],{"class":64},[50,18309,366],{"class":68},[50,18311,105],{"class":64},[50,18313,18314],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,18315,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,18317,18318,18320,18322,18324],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,18319,118],{"class":94},[50,18321,98],{"class":64},[50,18323,9284],{"class":101},[50,18325,105],{"class":64},[20,18327,353],{},[41,18329,18331],{"className":43,"code":18330,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'a': [1], 'b': [], 'c': []}\n",[15,18332,18333],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,18334,18335,18337,18339,18341,18343,18345,18347,18349,18351,18353,18355,18357,18359,18362,18364,18366,18368,18370],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,18336,9357],{"class":64},[50,18338,611],{"class":604},[50,18340,421],{"class":608},[50,18342,611],{"class":604},[50,18344,819],{"class":64},[50,18346,65],{"class":64},[50,18348,366],{"class":68},[50,18350,1860],{"class":64},[50,18352,605],{"class":604},[50,18354,4839],{"class":608},[50,18356,611],{"class":604},[50,18358,819],{"class":64},[50,18360,18361],{"class":64}," [],",[50,18363,605],{"class":604},[50,18365,9817],{"class":608},[50,18367,611],{"class":604},[50,18369,819],{"class":64},[50,18371,18372],{"class":64}," []}\n",[20,18374,18375],{},"Now each key has its own separate list.",[20,18377,18378],{},"This same rule applies if you want each key to have its own dictionary or set.",[36,18380,5040,18382],{"id":18381},"when-to-use-fromkeys",[15,18383,17290],{},[20,18385,18386,18388],{},[15,18387,17295],{}," is a good choice when:",[158,18390,18391,18394,18397],{},[161,18392,18393],{},"You want to quickly create a dictionary with known keys",[161,18395,18396],{},"Every key should start with the same simple value",[161,18398,18399],{},"You need default flags, counters, or placeholders",[20,18401,2226],{},[41,18403,18405],{"className":43,"code":18404,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"flags = dict.fromkeys([\"is_admin\", \"is_active\", \"is_verified\"], False)\nprint(flags)\n",[15,18406,18407,18452],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,18408,18409,18412,18414,18416,18418,18420,18422,18424,18427,18429,18431,18433,18435,18437,18439,18441,18444,18446,18448,18450],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,18410,18411],{"class":56},"flags ",[50,18413,61],{"class":60},[50,18415,9251],{"class":557},[50,18417,425],{"class":64},[50,18419,17355],{"class":101},[50,18421,1792],{"class":64},[50,18423,811],{"class":604},[50,18425,18426],{"class":608},"is_admin",[50,18428,811],{"class":604},[50,18430,72],{"class":64},[50,18432,700],{"class":604},[50,18434,15151],{"class":608},[50,18436,811],{"class":604},[50,18438,72],{"class":64},[50,18440,700],{"class":604},[50,18442,18443],{"class":608},"is_verified",[50,18445,811],{"class":604},[50,18447,1860],{"class":64},[50,18449,3988],{"class":207},[50,18451,105],{"class":64},[50,18453,18454,18456,18458,18461],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,18455,118],{"class":94},[50,18457,98],{"class":64},[50,18459,18460],{"class":101},"flags",[50,18462,105],{"class":64},[41,18464,18466],{"className":43,"code":18465,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"scores = dict.fromkeys([\"math\", \"science\", \"history\"], 0)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,18467,18468,18513],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,18469,18470,18472,18474,18476,18478,18480,18482,18484,18487,18489,18491,18493,18496,18498,18500,18502,18505,18507,18509,18511],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,18471,5143],{"class":56},[50,18473,61],{"class":60},[50,18475,9251],{"class":557},[50,18477,425],{"class":64},[50,18479,17355],{"class":101},[50,18481,1792],{"class":64},[50,18483,811],{"class":604},[50,18485,18486],{"class":608},"math",[50,18488,811],{"class":604},[50,18490,72],{"class":64},[50,18492,700],{"class":604},[50,18494,18495],{"class":608},"science",[50,18497,811],{"class":604},[50,18499,72],{"class":64},[50,18501,700],{"class":604},[50,18503,18504],{"class":608},"history",[50,18506,811],{"class":604},[50,18508,1860],{"class":64},[50,18510,3914],{"class":68},[50,18512,105],{"class":64},[50,18514,18515,18517,18519,18521],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,18516,118],{"class":94},[50,18518,98],{"class":64},[50,18520,16460],{"class":101},[50,18522,105],{"class":64},[20,18524,18525,18526,18528],{},"It is ",[3824,18527,4709],{}," the best choice when:",[158,18530,18531,18534],{},[161,18532,18533],{},"Each key needs a different starting value",[161,18535,18536],{},"Each key needs its own new list or dictionary",[36,18538,18540,18542],{"id":18539},"fromkeys-vs-creating-a-dictionary-manually",[15,18541,17290],{}," vs creating a dictionary manually",[20,18544,18545,18547],{},[15,18546,17290],{}," is shorter when all keys share the same value.",[222,18549,914,18551],{"id":18550},"using-fromkeys",[15,18552,17290],{},[41,18554,18556],{"className":43,"code":18555,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"settings = dict.fromkeys([\"sound\", \"music\", \"notifications\"], True)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,18557,18558,18603],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,18559,18560,18562,18564,18566,18568,18570,18572,18574,18577,18579,18581,18583,18586,18588,18590,18592,18595,18597,18599,18601],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,18561,13898],{"class":56},[50,18563,61],{"class":60},[50,18565,9251],{"class":557},[50,18567,425],{"class":64},[50,18569,17355],{"class":101},[50,18571,1792],{"class":64},[50,18573,811],{"class":604},[50,18575,18576],{"class":608},"sound",[50,18578,811],{"class":604},[50,18580,72],{"class":64},[50,18582,700],{"class":604},[50,18584,18585],{"class":608},"music",[50,18587,811],{"class":604},[50,18589,72],{"class":64},[50,18591,700],{"class":604},[50,18593,18594],{"class":608},"notifications",[50,18596,811],{"class":604},[50,18598,1860],{"class":64},[50,18600,3997],{"class":207},[50,18602,105],{"class":64},[50,18604,18605,18607,18609,18611],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,18606,118],{"class":94},[50,18608,98],{"class":64},[50,18610,13957],{"class":101},[50,18612,105],{"class":64},[222,18614,18616],{"id":18615},"creating-a-dictionary-manually","Creating a dictionary manually",[41,18618,18620],{"className":43,"code":18619,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"settings = {\n    \"sound\": True,\n    \"music\": False,\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\nprint(settings)\n",[15,18621,18622,18630,18644,18658,18670,18674],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,18623,18624,18626,18628],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,18625,13898],{"class":56},[50,18627,61],{"class":60},[50,18629,11567],{"class":64},[50,18631,18632,18634,18636,18638,18640,18642],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,18633,11572],{"class":604},[50,18635,18576],{"class":608},[50,18637,811],{"class":604},[50,18639,819],{"class":64},[50,18641,3997],{"class":207},[50,18643,11588],{"class":64},[50,18645,18646,18648,18650,18652,18654,18656],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,18647,11572],{"class":604},[50,18649,18585],{"class":608},[50,18651,811],{"class":604},[50,18653,819],{"class":64},[50,18655,3988],{"class":207},[50,18657,11588],{"class":64},[50,18659,18660,18662,18664,18666,18668],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,18661,11572],{"class":604},[50,18663,18594],{"class":608},[50,18665,811],{"class":604},[50,18667,819],{"class":64},[50,18669,6500],{"class":207},[50,18671,18672],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,18673,645],{"class":64},[50,18675,18676,18678,18680,18682],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,18677,118],{"class":94},[50,18679,98],{"class":64},[50,18681,13957],{"class":101},[50,18683,105],{"class":64},[20,18685,18686],{},"Manual creation is clearer when the values are different.",[222,18688,18690],{"id":18689},"using-a-comprehension-for-separate-mutable-values","Using a comprehension for separate mutable values",[41,18692,18694],{"className":43,"code":18693,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(data)\n",[15,18695,18696,18728,18752],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,18697,18698,18700,18702,18704,18706,18708,18710,18712,18714,18716,18718,18720,18722,18724,18726],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,18699,17314],{"class":56},[50,18701,61],{"class":60},[50,18703,65],{"class":64},[50,18705,811],{"class":604},[50,18707,421],{"class":608},[50,18709,811],{"class":604},[50,18711,72],{"class":64},[50,18713,700],{"class":604},[50,18715,4839],{"class":608},[50,18717,811],{"class":604},[50,18719,72],{"class":64},[50,18721,700],{"class":604},[50,18723,9817],{"class":608},[50,18725,811],{"class":604},[50,18727,83],{"class":64},[50,18729,18730,18732,18734,18736,18738,18740,18742,18744,18746,18748,18750],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,18731,9246],{"class":56},[50,18733,61],{"class":60},[50,18735,632],{"class":64},[50,18737,237],{"class":56},[50,18739,819],{"class":64},[50,18741,18273],{"class":64},[50,18743,3958],{"class":3957},[50,18745,18278],{"class":56},[50,18747,3964],{"class":3957},[50,18749,18283],{"class":56},[50,18751,645],{"class":64},[50,18753,18754,18756,18758,18760],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,18755,118],{"class":94},[50,18757,98],{"class":64},[50,18759,9284],{"class":101},[50,18761,105],{"class":64},[20,18763,18764],{},"Use:",[158,18766,18767,18772,18775],{},[161,18768,18769,18771],{},[15,18770,17290],{}," when one shared simple default makes sense",[161,18773,18774],{},"Manual dictionary creation when values differ",[161,18776,18777],{},"A comprehension when each key needs its own new list or dict",[20,18779,18780,18781,425],{},"If you later want to change several values at once, you may also want to learn the ",[421,18782,10812,18783,10816],{"href":14105},[15,18784,15026],{},[36,18786,1743],{"id":1742},[20,18788,14806,18789,425],{},[15,18790,17295],{},[222,18792,18794],{"id":18793},"using-a-mutable-default-value-by-mistake","Using a mutable default value by mistake",[41,18796,18798],{"className":43,"code":18797,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], [])\nd[\"a\"].append(1)\nprint(d)\n",[15,18799,18800,18833,18856],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,18801,18802,18805,18807,18809,18811,18813,18815,18817,18819,18821,18823,18825,18827,18829,18831],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,18803,18804],{"class":56},"d ",[50,18806,61],{"class":60},[50,18808,9251],{"class":557},[50,18810,425],{"class":64},[50,18812,17355],{"class":101},[50,18814,1792],{"class":64},[50,18816,811],{"class":604},[50,18818,421],{"class":608},[50,18820,811],{"class":604},[50,18822,72],{"class":64},[50,18824,700],{"class":604},[50,18826,4839],{"class":608},[50,18828,811],{"class":604},[50,18830,1860],{"class":64},[50,18832,18066],{"class":64},[50,18834,18835,18838,18840,18842,18844,18846,18848,18850,18852,18854],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,18836,18837],{"class":56},"d",[50,18839,363],{"class":64},[50,18841,811],{"class":604},[50,18843,421],{"class":608},[50,18845,811],{"class":604},[50,18847,13623],{"class":64},[50,18849,13626],{"class":101},[50,18851,98],{"class":64},[50,18853,366],{"class":68},[50,18855,105],{"class":64},[50,18857,18858,18860,18862,18864],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,18859,118],{"class":94},[50,18861,98],{"class":64},[50,18863,18837],{"class":101},[50,18865,105],{"class":64},[20,18867,353],{},[41,18869,18871],{"className":43,"code":18870,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1]}\n",[15,18872,18873],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,18874,18875,18877,18879,18881,18883,18885,18887,18889,18891,18893,18895,18897,18899,18901,18903],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,18876,9357],{"class":64},[50,18878,611],{"class":604},[50,18880,421],{"class":608},[50,18882,611],{"class":604},[50,18884,819],{"class":64},[50,18886,65],{"class":64},[50,18888,366],{"class":68},[50,18890,1860],{"class":64},[50,18892,605],{"class":604},[50,18894,4839],{"class":608},[50,18896,611],{"class":604},[50,18898,819],{"class":64},[50,18900,65],{"class":64},[50,18902,366],{"class":68},[50,18904,13779],{"class":64},[20,18906,18907],{},"This happens because both keys share the same list.",[20,18909,18910],{},"Use this instead:",[41,18912,18914],{"className":43,"code":18913,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\"]\nd = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(d)\n",[15,18915,18916,18940,18964],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,18917,18918,18920,18922,18924,18926,18928,18930,18932,18934,18936,18938],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,18919,17314],{"class":56},[50,18921,61],{"class":60},[50,18923,65],{"class":64},[50,18925,811],{"class":604},[50,18927,421],{"class":608},[50,18929,811],{"class":604},[50,18931,72],{"class":64},[50,18933,700],{"class":604},[50,18935,4839],{"class":608},[50,18937,811],{"class":604},[50,18939,83],{"class":64},[50,18941,18942,18944,18946,18948,18950,18952,18954,18956,18958,18960,18962],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,18943,18804],{"class":56},[50,18945,61],{"class":60},[50,18947,632],{"class":64},[50,18949,237],{"class":56},[50,18951,819],{"class":64},[50,18953,18273],{"class":64},[50,18955,3958],{"class":3957},[50,18957,18278],{"class":56},[50,18959,3964],{"class":3957},[50,18961,18283],{"class":56},[50,18963,645],{"class":64},[50,18965,18966,18968,18970,18972],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,18967,118],{"class":94},[50,18969,98],{"class":64},[50,18971,18837],{"class":101},[50,18973,105],{"class":64},[222,18975,18977,18978,18980],{"id":18976},"trying-to-call-fromkeys-on-a-list","Trying to call ",[15,18979,17290],{}," on a list",[20,18982,18983],{},"Wrong idea:",[41,18985,18987],{"className":43,"code":18986,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[15,18988,18989,19021],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,18990,18991,18993,18995,18997,18999,19001,19003,19005,19007,19009,19011,19013,19015,19017,19019],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,18992,17314],{"class":56},[50,18994,61],{"class":60},[50,18996,65],{"class":64},[50,18998,811],{"class":604},[50,19000,421],{"class":608},[50,19002,811],{"class":604},[50,19004,72],{"class":64},[50,19006,700],{"class":604},[50,19008,4839],{"class":608},[50,19010,811],{"class":604},[50,19012,72],{"class":64},[50,19014,700],{"class":604},[50,19016,9817],{"class":608},[50,19018,811],{"class":604},[50,19020,83],{"class":64},[50,19022,19023],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,19024,19025],{"class":129},"# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[20,19027,19028,19030,19031,19033,19034,425],{},[15,19029,17290],{}," belongs to ",[15,19032,8901],{},", not ",[15,19035,437],{},[20,19037,19038],{},"Correct usage:",[41,19040,19042],{"className":43,"code":19041,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nd = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\nprint(d)\n",[15,19043,19044,19076,19098],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,19045,19046,19048,19050,19052,19054,19056,19058,19060,19062,19064,19066,19068,19070,19072,19074],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,19047,17314],{"class":56},[50,19049,61],{"class":60},[50,19051,65],{"class":64},[50,19053,811],{"class":604},[50,19055,421],{"class":608},[50,19057,811],{"class":604},[50,19059,72],{"class":64},[50,19061,700],{"class":604},[50,19063,4839],{"class":608},[50,19065,811],{"class":604},[50,19067,72],{"class":64},[50,19069,700],{"class":604},[50,19071,9817],{"class":608},[50,19073,811],{"class":604},[50,19075,83],{"class":64},[50,19077,19078,19080,19082,19084,19086,19088,19090,19092,19094,19096],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,19079,18804],{"class":56},[50,19081,61],{"class":60},[50,19083,9251],{"class":557},[50,19085,425],{"class":64},[50,19087,17355],{"class":101},[50,19089,98],{"class":64},[50,19091,16995],{"class":101},[50,19093,72],{"class":64},[50,19095,3914],{"class":68},[50,19097,105],{"class":64},[50,19099,19100,19102,19104,19106],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,19101,118],{"class":94},[50,19103,98],{"class":64},[50,19105,18837],{"class":101},[50,19107,105],{"class":64},[222,19109,8532,19111,19113],{"id":19110},"expecting-fromkeys-to-update-an-existing-dictionary",[15,19112,17290],{}," to update an existing dictionary",[20,19115,19116,19118],{},[15,19117,17295],{}," does not change an existing dictionary. It creates a new one.",[41,19120,19122],{"className":43,"code":19121,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"original = {\"x\": 1}\nnew_dict = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(new_dict)\n",[15,19123,19124,19144,19178,19182,19192],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,19125,19126,19128,19130,19132,19134,19136,19138,19140,19142],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,19127,12160],{"class":56},[50,19129,61],{"class":60},[50,19131,632],{"class":64},[50,19133,811],{"class":604},[50,19135,2273],{"class":608},[50,19137,811],{"class":604},[50,19139,819],{"class":64},[50,19141,75],{"class":68},[50,19143,645],{"class":64},[50,19145,19146,19148,19150,19152,19154,19156,19158,19160,19162,19164,19166,19168,19170,19172,19174,19176],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,19147,13111],{"class":56},[50,19149,61],{"class":60},[50,19151,9251],{"class":557},[50,19153,425],{"class":64},[50,19155,17355],{"class":101},[50,19157,1792],{"class":64},[50,19159,811],{"class":604},[50,19161,421],{"class":608},[50,19163,811],{"class":604},[50,19165,72],{"class":64},[50,19167,700],{"class":604},[50,19169,4839],{"class":608},[50,19171,811],{"class":604},[50,19173,1860],{"class":64},[50,19175,3914],{"class":68},[50,19177,105],{"class":64},[50,19179,19180],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,19181,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,19183,19184,19186,19188,19190],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,19185,118],{"class":94},[50,19187,98],{"class":64},[50,19189,12207],{"class":101},[50,19191,105],{"class":64},[50,19193,19194,19196,19198,19201],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,19195,118],{"class":94},[50,19197,98],{"class":64},[50,19199,19200],{"class":101},"new_dict",[50,19202,105],{"class":64},[20,19204,353],{},[41,19206,19208],{"className":43,"code":19207,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'x': 1}\n{'a': 0, 'b': 0}\n",[15,19209,19210,19226],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,19211,19212,19214,19216,19218,19220,19222,19224],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,19213,9357],{"class":64},[50,19215,611],{"class":604},[50,19217,2273],{"class":608},[50,19219,611],{"class":604},[50,19221,819],{"class":64},[50,19223,75],{"class":68},[50,19225,645],{"class":64},[50,19227,19228,19230,19232,19234,19236,19238,19240,19242,19244,19246,19248,19250,19252],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,19229,9357],{"class":64},[50,19231,611],{"class":604},[50,19233,421],{"class":608},[50,19235,611],{"class":604},[50,19237,819],{"class":64},[50,19239,3914],{"class":68},[50,19241,72],{"class":64},[50,19243,605],{"class":604},[50,19245,4839],{"class":608},[50,19247,611],{"class":604},[50,19249,819],{"class":64},[50,19251,3914],{"class":68},[50,19253,645],{"class":64},[20,19255,19256,19257,425],{},"If you want to modify an existing dictionary, see the ",[421,19258,10812,19259,10816],{"href":14105},[15,19260,15026],{},[222,19262,19264,19265],{"id":19263},"forgetting-that-the-default-value-is-none","Forgetting that the default value is ",[15,19266,208],{},[41,19268,19270],{"className":43,"code":19269,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"x\", \"y\"])\nprint(d)\n",[15,19271,19272,19302],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,19273,19274,19276,19278,19280,19282,19284,19286,19288,19290,19292,19294,19296,19298,19300],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,19275,18804],{"class":56},[50,19277,61],{"class":60},[50,19279,9251],{"class":557},[50,19281,425],{"class":64},[50,19283,17355],{"class":101},[50,19285,1792],{"class":64},[50,19287,811],{"class":604},[50,19289,2273],{"class":608},[50,19291,811],{"class":604},[50,19293,72],{"class":64},[50,19295,700],{"class":604},[50,19297,780],{"class":608},[50,19299,811],{"class":604},[50,19301,3970],{"class":64},[50,19303,19304,19306,19308,19310],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,19305,118],{"class":94},[50,19307,98],{"class":64},[50,19309,18837],{"class":101},[50,19311,105],{"class":64},[20,19313,353],{},[41,19315,19317],{"className":43,"code":19316,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'x': None, 'y': None}\n",[15,19318,19319],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,19320,19321,19323,19325,19327,19329,19331,19333,19335,19337,19339,19341,19343,19345],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,19322,9357],{"class":64},[50,19324,611],{"class":604},[50,19326,2273],{"class":608},[50,19328,611],{"class":604},[50,19330,819],{"class":64},[50,19332,3933],{"class":207},[50,19334,72],{"class":64},[50,19336,605],{"class":604},[50,19338,780],{"class":608},[50,19340,611],{"class":604},[50,19342,819],{"class":64},[50,19344,3933],{"class":207},[50,19346,645],{"class":64},[20,19348,19349,19350,425],{},"If you do not pass a second argument, every key gets ",[15,19351,208],{},[36,19353,19355],{"id":19354},"useful-checks","Useful checks",[20,19357,19358,19359,19361],{},"You can run these small examples to understand how ",[15,19360,17290],{}," works.",[41,19363,19365],{"className":43,"code":19364,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0))\n",[15,19366,19367],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,19368,19369,19371,19373,19375,19377,19379,19381,19383,19385,19387,19389,19391,19393,19395,19397,19399],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,19370,118],{"class":94},[50,19372,98],{"class":64},[50,19374,8901],{"class":557},[50,19376,425],{"class":64},[50,19378,17355],{"class":101},[50,19380,1792],{"class":64},[50,19382,811],{"class":604},[50,19384,421],{"class":608},[50,19386,811],{"class":604},[50,19388,72],{"class":64},[50,19390,700],{"class":604},[50,19392,4839],{"class":608},[50,19394,811],{"class":604},[50,19396,1860],{"class":64},[50,19398,3914],{"class":68},[50,19400,478],{"class":64},[41,19402,19403],{"className":43,"code":19269,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,19404,19405,19435],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,19406,19407,19409,19411,19413,19415,19417,19419,19421,19423,19425,19427,19429,19431,19433],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,19408,18804],{"class":56},[50,19410,61],{"class":60},[50,19412,9251],{"class":557},[50,19414,425],{"class":64},[50,19416,17355],{"class":101},[50,19418,1792],{"class":64},[50,19420,811],{"class":604},[50,19422,2273],{"class":608},[50,19424,811],{"class":604},[50,19426,72],{"class":64},[50,19428,700],{"class":604},[50,19430,780],{"class":608},[50,19432,811],{"class":604},[50,19434,3970],{"class":64},[50,19436,19437,19439,19441,19443],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,19438,118],{"class":94},[50,19440,98],{"class":64},[50,19442,18837],{"class":101},[50,19444,105],{"class":64},[41,19446,19447],{"className":43,"code":18797,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,19448,19449,19481,19503],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,19450,19451,19453,19455,19457,19459,19461,19463,19465,19467,19469,19471,19473,19475,19477,19479],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,19452,18804],{"class":56},[50,19454,61],{"class":60},[50,19456,9251],{"class":557},[50,19458,425],{"class":64},[50,19460,17355],{"class":101},[50,19462,1792],{"class":64},[50,19464,811],{"class":604},[50,19466,421],{"class":608},[50,19468,811],{"class":604},[50,19470,72],{"class":64},[50,19472,700],{"class":604},[50,19474,4839],{"class":608},[50,19476,811],{"class":604},[50,19478,1860],{"class":64},[50,19480,18066],{"class":64},[50,19482,19483,19485,19487,19489,19491,19493,19495,19497,19499,19501],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,19484,18837],{"class":56},[50,19486,363],{"class":64},[50,19488,811],{"class":604},[50,19490,421],{"class":608},[50,19492,811],{"class":604},[50,19494,13623],{"class":64},[50,19496,13626],{"class":101},[50,19498,98],{"class":64},[50,19500,366],{"class":68},[50,19502,105],{"class":64},[50,19504,19505,19507,19509,19511],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,19506,118],{"class":94},[50,19508,98],{"class":64},[50,19510,18837],{"class":101},[50,19512,105],{"class":64},[41,19514,19516],{"className":43,"code":19515,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(type(dict.fromkeys([1, 2, 3], \"value\")))\n",[15,19517,19518],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,19519,19520,19522,19524,19526,19528,19530,19532,19534,19536,19538,19540,19542,19544,19546,19548,19550,19552,19554],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,19521,118],{"class":94},[50,19523,98],{"class":64},[50,19525,558],{"class":557},[50,19527,98],{"class":64},[50,19529,8901],{"class":557},[50,19531,425],{"class":64},[50,19533,17355],{"class":101},[50,19535,1792],{"class":64},[50,19537,366],{"class":68},[50,19539,72],{"class":64},[50,19541,80],{"class":68},[50,19543,72],{"class":64},[50,19545,500],{"class":68},[50,19547,1860],{"class":64},[50,19549,700],{"class":604},[50,19551,2570],{"class":608},[50,19553,811],{"class":604},[50,19555,569],{"class":64},[36,19557,1913],{"id":1912},[222,19559,1917,19561,19563],{"id":19560},"does-fromkeys-change-an-existing-dictionary",[15,19562,17290],{}," change an existing dictionary?",[20,19565,19566],{},"No. It creates and returns a new dictionary.",[222,19568,19570],{"id":19569},"what-value-is-used-if-i-do-not-pass-the-second-argument","What value is used if I do not pass the second argument?",[20,19572,19573,19574,425],{},"Each key gets ",[15,19575,208],{},[222,19577,19579],{"id":19578},"can-i-use-a-list-as-the-default-value","Can I use a list as the default value?",[20,19581,19582],{},"Yes, but all keys will share the same list object.",[222,19584,19586],{"id":19585},"how-do-i-give-each-key-its-own-empty-list","How do I give each key its own empty list?",[20,19588,18221],{},[41,19590,19592],{"className":43,"code":19591,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n",[15,19593,19594,19626],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,19595,19596,19598,19600,19602,19604,19606,19608,19610,19612,19614,19616,19618,19620,19622,19624],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,19597,17314],{"class":56},[50,19599,61],{"class":60},[50,19601,65],{"class":64},[50,19603,811],{"class":604},[50,19605,421],{"class":608},[50,19607,811],{"class":604},[50,19609,72],{"class":64},[50,19611,700],{"class":604},[50,19613,4839],{"class":608},[50,19615,811],{"class":604},[50,19617,72],{"class":64},[50,19619,700],{"class":604},[50,19621,9817],{"class":608},[50,19623,811],{"class":604},[50,19625,83],{"class":64},[50,19627,19628,19630,19632,19634,19636,19638,19640,19642,19644,19646,19648],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,19629,9246],{"class":56},[50,19631,61],{"class":60},[50,19633,632],{"class":64},[50,19635,237],{"class":56},[50,19637,819],{"class":64},[50,19639,18273],{"class":64},[50,19641,3958],{"class":3957},[50,19643,18278],{"class":56},[50,19645,3964],{"class":3957},[50,19647,18283],{"class":56},[50,19649,645],{"class":64},[36,19651,1975],{"id":1974},[158,19653,19654,19658,19662,19666,19672],{},[161,19655,19656],{},[421,19657,11317],{"href":13099},[161,19659,19660],{},[421,19661,9236],{"href":13096},[161,19663,19664],{},[421,19665,11326],{"href":17973},[161,19667,19668],{},[421,19669,10812,19670,10816],{"href":14105},[15,19671,15026],{},[161,19673,19674],{},[421,19675,10812,19676,10816],{"href":15071},[15,19677,12850],{},[20,19679,920,19680,19682],{},[15,19681,17295],{}," when all keys should start with the same simple value. If each key needs its own separate list or dictionary, use a dictionary comprehension instead.",[2018,19684,19685],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":19687},[19688,19689,19691,19695,19696,19698,19703,19705,19712,19721,19722,19729],{"id":2104,"depth":86,"text":2105},{"id":17394,"depth":86,"text":19690},"What dict.fromkeys() does",{"id":17438,"depth":86,"text":17439,"children":19692},[19693,19694],{"id":224,"depth":108,"text":225},{"id":17487,"depth":108,"text":17488},{"id":5863,"depth":86,"text":5864},{"id":17648,"depth":86,"text":19697},"Using fromkeys() without a value",{"id":17977,"depth":86,"text":17978,"children":19699},[19700,19701,19702],{"id":18007,"depth":108,"text":18008},{"id":18169,"depth":108,"text":18170},{"id":18217,"depth":108,"text":18218},{"id":18381,"depth":86,"text":19704},"When to use fromkeys()",{"id":18539,"depth":86,"text":19706,"children":19707},"fromkeys() vs creating a dictionary manually",[19708,19710,19711],{"id":18550,"depth":108,"text":19709},"Using fromkeys()",{"id":18615,"depth":108,"text":18616},{"id":18689,"depth":108,"text":18690},{"id":1742,"depth":86,"text":1743,"children":19713},[19714,19715,19717,19719],{"id":18793,"depth":108,"text":18794},{"id":18976,"depth":108,"text":19716},"Trying to call fromkeys() on a list",{"id":19110,"depth":108,"text":19718},"Expecting fromkeys() to update an existing dictionary",{"id":19263,"depth":108,"text":19720},"Forgetting that the default value is None",{"id":19354,"depth":86,"text":19355},{"id":1912,"depth":86,"text":1913,"children":19723},[19724,19726,19727,19728],{"id":19560,"depth":108,"text":19725},"Does fromkeys() change an existing dictionary?",{"id":19569,"depth":108,"text":19570},{"id":19578,"depth":108,"text":19579},{"id":19585,"depth":108,"text":19586},{"id":1974,"depth":86,"text":1975},"Master python dictionary fromkeys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method",{"title":17282,"description":19730},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method","2yJ4KIc9BK_9yVeJ8MeOaa9ypdRp2WVvVsnxvO7dWyw",{"id":19737,"title":19738,"body":19739,"description":21568,"extension":2064,"meta":21569,"navigation":111,"path":21570,"seo":21571,"stem":21572,"__hash__":21573},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method.md","Python Dictionary get() Method",{"type":7,"value":19740,"toc":21535},[19741,19746,19752,19763,19893,19900,19905,19909,19925,19927,20025,20028,20045,20049,20051,20056,20094,20097,20115,20117,20235,20240,20244,20260,20263,20399,20402,20407,20413,20416,20453,20456,20460,20465,20541,20545,20550,20632,20634,20650,20655,20659,20665,20734,20737,20754,20757,20839,20844,20847,20867,20871,20876,20882,20888,20959,20962,20968,20971,21045,21052,21058,21066,21076,21078,21173,21179,21184,21271,21277,21279,21284,21306,21309,21404,21407,21438,21451,21453,21461,21467,21473,21476,21482,21487,21494,21499,21501,21532],[10,19742,11393,19744,11397],{"id":19743},"python-dictionary-get-method",[15,19745,10815],{},[20,19747,19748,19749,19751],{},"The dictionary ",[15,19750,10815],{}," method lets you safely read a value from a dictionary.",[20,19753,19754,19755,31,19758,2494,19760,19762],{},"It is useful when a key might be missing. Instead of crashing with a ",[15,19756,19757],{},"KeyError",[15,19759,10815],{},[15,19761,208],{}," by default, or a custom fallback value if you provide one.",[41,19764,19766],{"className":43,"code":19765,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.get(\"name\"))           # Ana\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))           # None\nprint(person.get(\"city\", \"N\u002FA\"))    # N\u002FA\n",[15,19767,19768,19804,19808,19834,19859],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,19769,19770,19772,19774,19776,19778,19780,19782,19784,19786,19788,19790,19792,19794,19796,19798,19800,19802],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,19771,804],{"class":56},[50,19773,61],{"class":60},[50,19775,632],{"class":64},[50,19777,811],{"class":604},[50,19779,814],{"class":608},[50,19781,811],{"class":604},[50,19783,819],{"class":64},[50,19785,700],{"class":604},[50,19787,824],{"class":608},[50,19789,811],{"class":604},[50,19791,72],{"class":64},[50,19793,700],{"class":604},[50,19795,833],{"class":608},[50,19797,811],{"class":604},[50,19799,819],{"class":64},[50,19801,9384],{"class":68},[50,19803,645],{"class":64},[50,19805,19806],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,19807,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,19809,19810,19812,19814,19816,19818,19821,19823,19825,19827,19829,19831],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,19811,118],{"class":94},[50,19813,98],{"class":64},[50,19815,873],{"class":101},[50,19817,425],{"class":64},[50,19819,19820],{"class":101},"get",[50,19822,98],{"class":64},[50,19824,811],{"class":604},[50,19826,814],{"class":608},[50,19828,811],{"class":604},[50,19830,5440],{"class":64},[50,19832,19833],{"class":129},"           # Ana\n",[50,19835,19836,19838,19840,19842,19844,19846,19848,19850,19852,19854,19856],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,19837,118],{"class":94},[50,19839,98],{"class":64},[50,19841,873],{"class":101},[50,19843,425],{"class":64},[50,19845,19820],{"class":101},[50,19847,98],{"class":64},[50,19849,811],{"class":604},[50,19851,847],{"class":608},[50,19853,811],{"class":604},[50,19855,5440],{"class":64},[50,19857,19858],{"class":129},"           # None\n",[50,19860,19861,19863,19865,19867,19869,19871,19873,19875,19877,19879,19881,19883,19886,19888,19890],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,19862,118],{"class":94},[50,19864,98],{"class":64},[50,19866,873],{"class":101},[50,19868,425],{"class":64},[50,19870,19820],{"class":101},[50,19872,98],{"class":64},[50,19874,811],{"class":604},[50,19876,847],{"class":608},[50,19878,811],{"class":604},[50,19880,72],{"class":64},[50,19882,700],{"class":604},[50,19884,19885],{"class":608},"N\u002FA",[50,19887,811],{"class":604},[50,19889,5440],{"class":64},[50,19891,19892],{"class":129},"    # N\u002FA\n",[20,19894,920,19895,19897,19898,425],{},[15,19896,10815],{}," when a dictionary key may be missing and you want a safe result instead of a ",[15,19899,19757],{},[36,19901,153,19903,156],{"id":19902},"what-get-does",[15,19904,10815],{},[20,19906,1185,19907,11488],{},[15,19908,10815],{},[158,19910,19911,19914,19919,19922],{},[161,19912,19913],{},"Returns the value for a given key",[161,19915,11499,19916,19918],{},[15,19917,208],{}," if the key does not exist",[161,19920,19921],{},"Can return a custom default value instead",[161,19923,19924],{},"Works on dictionary objects only",[20,19926,1602],{},[41,19928,19930],{"className":43,"code":19929,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"student = {\"name\": \"Lina\", \"grade\": 90}\n\nprint(student.get(\"name\"))     # Lina\nprint(student.get(\"email\"))    # None\n",[15,19931,19932,19971,19975,20000],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,19933,19934,19936,19938,19940,19942,19944,19946,19948,19950,19953,19955,19957,19959,19962,19964,19966,19969],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,19935,12937],{"class":56},[50,19937,61],{"class":60},[50,19939,632],{"class":64},[50,19941,811],{"class":604},[50,19943,814],{"class":608},[50,19945,811],{"class":604},[50,19947,819],{"class":64},[50,19949,700],{"class":604},[50,19951,19952],{"class":608},"Lina",[50,19954,811],{"class":604},[50,19956,72],{"class":64},[50,19958,700],{"class":604},[50,19960,19961],{"class":608},"grade",[50,19963,811],{"class":604},[50,19965,819],{"class":64},[50,19967,19968],{"class":68}," 90",[50,19970,645],{"class":64},[50,19972,19973],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,19974,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,19976,19977,19979,19981,19983,19985,19987,19989,19991,19993,19995,19997],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,19978,118],{"class":94},[50,19980,98],{"class":64},[50,19982,13699],{"class":101},[50,19984,425],{"class":64},[50,19986,19820],{"class":101},[50,19988,98],{"class":64},[50,19990,811],{"class":604},[50,19992,814],{"class":608},[50,19994,811],{"class":604},[50,19996,5440],{"class":64},[50,19998,19999],{"class":129},"     # Lina\n",[50,20001,20002,20004,20006,20008,20010,20012,20014,20016,20018,20020,20022],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,20003,118],{"class":94},[50,20005,98],{"class":64},[50,20007,13699],{"class":101},[50,20009,425],{"class":64},[50,20011,19820],{"class":101},[50,20013,98],{"class":64},[50,20015,811],{"class":604},[50,20017,15331],{"class":608},[50,20019,811],{"class":604},[50,20021,5440],{"class":64},[50,20023,20024],{"class":129},"    # None\n",[20,20026,20027],{},"In this example:",[158,20029,20030,20035],{},[161,20031,20032,20034],{},[15,20033,15312],{}," exists, so its value is returned",[161,20036,20037,20040,20041,2494,20043],{},[15,20038,20039],{},"\"email\""," does not exist, so ",[15,20042,10815],{},[15,20044,208],{},[20,20046,13093,20047,425],{},[421,20048,9236],{"href":9235},[36,20050,181],{"id":180},[20,20052,20053,20054,819],{},"There are two common forms of ",[15,20055,10815],{},[41,20057,20059],{"className":43,"code":20058,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"dictionary.get(key)\ndictionary.get(key, default_value)\n",[15,20060,20061,20075],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,20062,20063,20065,20067,20069,20071,20073],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,20064,787],{"class":56},[50,20066,425],{"class":64},[50,20068,19820],{"class":101},[50,20070,98],{"class":64},[50,20072,237],{"class":101},[50,20074,105],{"class":64},[50,20076,20077,20079,20081,20083,20085,20087,20089,20092],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,20078,787],{"class":56},[50,20080,425],{"class":64},[50,20082,19820],{"class":101},[50,20084,98],{"class":64},[50,20086,237],{"class":101},[50,20088,72],{"class":64},[50,20090,20091],{"class":101}," default_value",[50,20093,105],{"class":64},[20,20095,20096],{},"What each part means:",[158,20098,20099,20104,20110],{},[161,20100,20101,20103],{},[15,20102,237],{}," is the dictionary key you want to look up",[161,20105,20106,20109],{},[15,20107,20108],{},"default_value"," is optional",[161,20111,20112,20113],{},"If you do not provide a default, Python uses ",[15,20114,208],{},[20,20116,1602],{},[41,20118,20120],{"className":43,"code":20119,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\"}\n\nprint(settings.get(\"theme\"))            # dark\nprint(settings.get(\"language\"))         # None\nprint(settings.get(\"language\", \"en\"))   # en\n",[15,20121,20122,20146,20150,20175,20201],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,20123,20124,20126,20128,20130,20132,20134,20136,20138,20140,20142,20144],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,20125,13898],{"class":56},[50,20127,61],{"class":60},[50,20129,632],{"class":64},[50,20131,811],{"class":604},[50,20133,12569],{"class":608},[50,20135,811],{"class":604},[50,20137,819],{"class":64},[50,20139,700],{"class":604},[50,20141,12578],{"class":608},[50,20143,811],{"class":604},[50,20145,645],{"class":64},[50,20147,20148],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,20149,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,20151,20152,20154,20156,20158,20160,20162,20164,20166,20168,20170,20172],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,20153,118],{"class":94},[50,20155,98],{"class":64},[50,20157,13957],{"class":101},[50,20159,425],{"class":64},[50,20161,19820],{"class":101},[50,20163,98],{"class":64},[50,20165,811],{"class":604},[50,20167,12569],{"class":608},[50,20169,811],{"class":604},[50,20171,5440],{"class":64},[50,20173,20174],{"class":129},"            # dark\n",[50,20176,20177,20179,20181,20183,20185,20187,20189,20191,20194,20196,20198],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,20178,118],{"class":94},[50,20180,98],{"class":64},[50,20182,13957],{"class":101},[50,20184,425],{"class":64},[50,20186,19820],{"class":101},[50,20188,98],{"class":64},[50,20190,811],{"class":604},[50,20192,20193],{"class":608},"language",[50,20195,811],{"class":604},[50,20197,5440],{"class":64},[50,20199,20200],{"class":129},"         # None\n",[50,20202,20203,20205,20207,20209,20211,20213,20215,20217,20219,20221,20223,20225,20228,20230,20232],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,20204,118],{"class":94},[50,20206,98],{"class":64},[50,20208,13957],{"class":101},[50,20210,425],{"class":64},[50,20212,19820],{"class":101},[50,20214,98],{"class":64},[50,20216,811],{"class":604},[50,20218,20193],{"class":608},[50,20220,811],{"class":604},[50,20222,72],{"class":64},[50,20224,700],{"class":604},[50,20226,20227],{"class":608},"en",[50,20229,811],{"class":604},[50,20231,5440],{"class":64},[50,20233,20234],{"class":129},"   # en\n",[36,20236,5040,20238],{"id":20237},"when-to-use-get",[15,20239,10815],{},[20,20241,920,20242,1504],{},[15,20243,10815],{},[158,20245,20246,20249,20254,20257],{},[161,20247,20248],{},"A key might not exist",[161,20250,20251,20252],{},"You want to avoid ",[15,20253,19757],{},[161,20255,20256],{},"You are reading optional data",[161,20258,20259],{},"You are working with JSON, user input, or config data",[20,20261,20262],{},"Example with optional user data:",[41,20264,20266],{"className":43,"code":20265,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"user = {\"username\": \"sam\", \"email\": \"sam@example.com\"}\n\nprint(user.get(\"username\"))              # sam\nprint(user.get(\"phone\"))                 # None\nprint(user.get(\"phone\", \"Not provided\")) # Not provided\n",[15,20267,20268,20310,20314,20339,20365],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,20269,20270,20272,20274,20276,20278,20280,20282,20284,20286,20289,20291,20293,20295,20297,20299,20301,20303,20306,20308],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,20271,11562],{"class":56},[50,20273,61],{"class":60},[50,20275,632],{"class":64},[50,20277,811],{"class":604},[50,20279,8064],{"class":608},[50,20281,811],{"class":604},[50,20283,819],{"class":64},[50,20285,700],{"class":604},[50,20287,20288],{"class":608},"sam",[50,20290,811],{"class":604},[50,20292,72],{"class":64},[50,20294,700],{"class":604},[50,20296,15331],{"class":608},[50,20298,811],{"class":604},[50,20300,819],{"class":64},[50,20302,700],{"class":604},[50,20304,20305],{"class":608},"sam@example.com",[50,20307,811],{"class":604},[50,20309,645],{"class":64},[50,20311,20312],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,20313,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,20315,20316,20318,20320,20322,20324,20326,20328,20330,20332,20334,20336],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,20317,118],{"class":94},[50,20319,98],{"class":64},[50,20321,11656],{"class":101},[50,20323,425],{"class":64},[50,20325,19820],{"class":101},[50,20327,98],{"class":64},[50,20329,811],{"class":604},[50,20331,8064],{"class":608},[50,20333,811],{"class":604},[50,20335,5440],{"class":64},[50,20337,20338],{"class":129},"              # sam\n",[50,20340,20341,20343,20345,20347,20349,20351,20353,20355,20358,20360,20362],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,20342,118],{"class":94},[50,20344,98],{"class":64},[50,20346,11656],{"class":101},[50,20348,425],{"class":64},[50,20350,19820],{"class":101},[50,20352,98],{"class":64},[50,20354,811],{"class":604},[50,20356,20357],{"class":608},"phone",[50,20359,811],{"class":604},[50,20361,5440],{"class":64},[50,20363,20364],{"class":129},"                 # None\n",[50,20366,20367,20369,20371,20373,20375,20377,20379,20381,20383,20385,20387,20389,20392,20394,20396],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,20368,118],{"class":94},[50,20370,98],{"class":64},[50,20372,11656],{"class":101},[50,20374,425],{"class":64},[50,20376,19820],{"class":101},[50,20378,98],{"class":64},[50,20380,811],{"class":604},[50,20382,20357],{"class":608},[50,20384,811],{"class":604},[50,20386,72],{"class":64},[50,20388,700],{"class":604},[50,20390,20391],{"class":608},"Not provided",[50,20393,811],{"class":604},[50,20395,5440],{"class":64},[50,20397,20398],{"class":129}," # Not provided\n",[20,20400,20401],{},"This is common when some fields are optional.",[20,20403,20404,20405,425],{},"If you want more help with reading dictionary values, see ",[421,20406,16669],{"href":16668},[36,20408,20410,20412],{"id":20409},"get-vs-square-brackets",[15,20411,10815],{}," vs square brackets",[20,20414,20415],{},"You can access dictionary values in two common ways:",[41,20417,20419],{"className":43,"code":20418,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data[\"key\"]\ndata.get(\"key\")\n",[15,20420,20421,20435],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,20422,20423,20425,20427,20429,20431,20433],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,20424,9284],{"class":56},[50,20426,363],{"class":64},[50,20428,811],{"class":604},[50,20430,237],{"class":608},[50,20432,811],{"class":604},[50,20434,83],{"class":64},[50,20436,20437,20439,20441,20443,20445,20447,20449,20451],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,20438,9284],{"class":56},[50,20440,425],{"class":64},[50,20442,19820],{"class":101},[50,20444,98],{"class":64},[50,20446,811],{"class":604},[50,20448,237],{"class":608},[50,20450,811],{"class":604},[50,20452,105],{"class":64},[20,20454,20455],{},"The difference is important.",[222,20457,20459],{"id":20458},"square-brackets","Square brackets",[20,20461,20462,20463,425],{},"Square brackets are strict. If the key is missing, Python raises a ",[15,20464,19757],{},[41,20466,20468],{"className":43,"code":20467,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data[\"name\"])   # Ana\nprint(data[\"city\"])   # KeyError\n",[15,20469,20470,20494,20498,20520],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,20471,20472,20474,20476,20478,20480,20482,20484,20486,20488,20490,20492],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,20473,9246],{"class":56},[50,20475,61],{"class":60},[50,20477,632],{"class":64},[50,20479,811],{"class":604},[50,20481,814],{"class":608},[50,20483,811],{"class":604},[50,20485,819],{"class":64},[50,20487,700],{"class":604},[50,20489,824],{"class":608},[50,20491,811],{"class":604},[50,20493,645],{"class":64},[50,20495,20496],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,20497,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,20499,20500,20502,20504,20506,20508,20510,20512,20514,20517],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,20501,118],{"class":94},[50,20503,98],{"class":64},[50,20505,9284],{"class":101},[50,20507,363],{"class":64},[50,20509,811],{"class":604},[50,20511,814],{"class":608},[50,20513,811],{"class":604},[50,20515,20516],{"class":64},"])",[50,20518,20519],{"class":129},"   # Ana\n",[50,20521,20522,20524,20526,20528,20530,20532,20534,20536,20538],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,20523,118],{"class":94},[50,20525,98],{"class":64},[50,20527,9284],{"class":101},[50,20529,363],{"class":64},[50,20531,811],{"class":604},[50,20533,847],{"class":608},[50,20535,811],{"class":604},[50,20537,20516],{"class":64},[50,20539,20540],{"class":129},"   # KeyError\n",[222,20542,20543],{"id":19820},[15,20544,10815],{},[20,20546,20547,20549],{},[15,20548,10815],{}," is safe for missing keys.",[41,20551,20553],{"className":43,"code":20552,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data.get(\"name\"))   # Ana\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))   # None\n",[15,20554,20555,20579,20583,20607],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,20556,20557,20559,20561,20563,20565,20567,20569,20571,20573,20575,20577],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,20558,9246],{"class":56},[50,20560,61],{"class":60},[50,20562,632],{"class":64},[50,20564,811],{"class":604},[50,20566,814],{"class":608},[50,20568,811],{"class":604},[50,20570,819],{"class":64},[50,20572,700],{"class":604},[50,20574,824],{"class":608},[50,20576,811],{"class":604},[50,20578,645],{"class":64},[50,20580,20581],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,20582,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,20584,20585,20587,20589,20591,20593,20595,20597,20599,20601,20603,20605],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,20586,118],{"class":94},[50,20588,98],{"class":64},[50,20590,9284],{"class":101},[50,20592,425],{"class":64},[50,20594,19820],{"class":101},[50,20596,98],{"class":64},[50,20598,811],{"class":604},[50,20600,814],{"class":608},[50,20602,811],{"class":604},[50,20604,5440],{"class":64},[50,20606,20519],{"class":129},[50,20608,20609,20611,20613,20615,20617,20619,20621,20623,20625,20627,20629],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,20610,118],{"class":94},[50,20612,98],{"class":64},[50,20614,9284],{"class":101},[50,20616,425],{"class":64},[50,20618,19820],{"class":101},[50,20620,98],{"class":64},[50,20622,811],{"class":604},[50,20624,847],{"class":608},[50,20626,811],{"class":604},[50,20628,5440],{"class":64},[50,20630,20631],{"class":129},"   # None\n",[20,20633,18764],{},[158,20635,20636,20642],{},[161,20637,20638,20639],{},"Square brackets when the key ",[3824,20640,20641],{},"must exist",[161,20643,20644,20646,20647],{},[15,20645,10815],{}," when the key is ",[3824,20648,20649],{},"optional",[20,20651,20652,20653,425],{},"If you are seeing crashes from missing keys, read ",[421,20654,11337],{"href":11150},[36,20656,20658],{"id":20657},"using-a-default-value","Using a default value",[20,20660,20661,20662,20664],{},"You can pass a second argument to ",[15,20663,10815],{}," to choose what should be returned if the key is missing.",[41,20666,20668],{"className":43,"code":20667,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"profile = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(profile.get(\"country\", \"Unknown\"))  # Unknown\n",[15,20669,20670,20695,20699],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,20671,20672,20675,20677,20679,20681,20683,20685,20687,20689,20691,20693],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,20673,20674],{"class":56},"profile ",[50,20676,61],{"class":60},[50,20678,632],{"class":64},[50,20680,811],{"class":604},[50,20682,814],{"class":608},[50,20684,811],{"class":604},[50,20686,819],{"class":64},[50,20688,700],{"class":604},[50,20690,8000],{"class":608},[50,20692,811],{"class":604},[50,20694,645],{"class":64},[50,20696,20697],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,20698,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,20700,20701,20703,20705,20708,20710,20712,20714,20716,20718,20720,20722,20724,20727,20729,20731],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,20702,118],{"class":94},[50,20704,98],{"class":64},[50,20706,20707],{"class":101},"profile",[50,20709,425],{"class":64},[50,20711,19820],{"class":101},[50,20713,98],{"class":64},[50,20715,811],{"class":604},[50,20717,15334],{"class":608},[50,20719,811],{"class":604},[50,20721,72],{"class":64},[50,20723,700],{"class":604},[50,20725,20726],{"class":608},"Unknown",[50,20728,811],{"class":604},[50,20730,5440],{"class":64},[50,20732,20733],{"class":129},"  # Unknown\n",[20,20735,20736],{},"This is useful for display text:",[158,20738,20739,20744,20749],{},[161,20740,20741],{},[15,20742,20743],{},"\"Unknown\"",[161,20745,20746],{},[15,20747,20748],{},"\"Not set\"",[161,20750,20751],{},[15,20752,20753],{},"\"N\u002FA\"",[20,20755,20756],{},"It is also useful in calculations:",[41,20758,20760],{"className":43,"code":20759,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"scores = {\"math\": 10, \"science\": 8}\n\ntotal_history = scores.get(\"history\", 0)\nprint(total_history)   # 0\n",[15,20761,20762,20794,20798,20825],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,20763,20764,20766,20768,20770,20772,20774,20776,20778,20780,20782,20784,20786,20788,20790,20792],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,20765,5143],{"class":56},[50,20767,61],{"class":60},[50,20769,632],{"class":64},[50,20771,811],{"class":604},[50,20773,18486],{"class":608},[50,20775,811],{"class":604},[50,20777,819],{"class":64},[50,20779,6082],{"class":68},[50,20781,72],{"class":64},[50,20783,700],{"class":604},[50,20785,18495],{"class":608},[50,20787,811],{"class":604},[50,20789,819],{"class":64},[50,20791,299],{"class":68},[50,20793,645],{"class":64},[50,20795,20796],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,20797,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,20799,20800,20803,20805,20807,20809,20811,20813,20815,20817,20819,20821,20823],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,20801,20802],{"class":56},"total_history ",[50,20804,61],{"class":60},[50,20806,5190],{"class":56},[50,20808,425],{"class":64},[50,20810,19820],{"class":101},[50,20812,98],{"class":64},[50,20814,811],{"class":604},[50,20816,18504],{"class":608},[50,20818,811],{"class":604},[50,20820,72],{"class":64},[50,20822,3914],{"class":68},[50,20824,105],{"class":64},[50,20826,20827,20829,20831,20834,20836],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,20828,118],{"class":94},[50,20830,98],{"class":64},[50,20832,20833],{"class":101},"total_history",[50,20835,126],{"class":64},[50,20837,20838],{"class":129},"   # 0\n",[20,20840,1325,20841,20843],{},[15,20842,2220],{}," is a good default because the code expects a number.",[20,20845,20846],{},"Try to choose a default value that matches the type you expect:",[158,20848,20849,20852,20857,20862],{},[161,20850,20851],{},"Use a string for text",[161,20853,920,20854,20856],{},[15,20855,2220],{}," for numbers",[161,20858,920,20859,20861],{},[15,20860,3868],{}," for lists if needed",[161,20863,920,20864,20866],{},[15,20865,3873],{}," for dictionaries if needed",[36,20868,20870],{"id":20869},"important-beginner-notes","Important beginner notes",[20,20872,20873,20874,425],{},"There are a few things beginners often miss about ",[15,20875,10815],{},[222,20877,20879,20881],{"id":20878},"get-does-not-add-a-missing-key",[15,20880,10815],{}," does not add a missing key",[20,20883,20884,20885,20887],{},"This code does ",[3824,20886,4709],{}," create a new key:",[41,20889,20891],{"className":43,"code":20890,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))  # None\nprint(person)              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,20892,20893,20917,20921,20946],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,20894,20895,20897,20899,20901,20903,20905,20907,20909,20911,20913,20915],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,20896,804],{"class":56},[50,20898,61],{"class":60},[50,20900,632],{"class":64},[50,20902,811],{"class":604},[50,20904,814],{"class":608},[50,20906,811],{"class":604},[50,20908,819],{"class":64},[50,20910,700],{"class":604},[50,20912,824],{"class":608},[50,20914,811],{"class":604},[50,20916,645],{"class":64},[50,20918,20919],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,20920,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,20922,20923,20925,20927,20929,20931,20933,20935,20937,20939,20941,20943],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,20924,118],{"class":94},[50,20926,98],{"class":64},[50,20928,873],{"class":101},[50,20930,425],{"class":64},[50,20932,19820],{"class":101},[50,20934,98],{"class":64},[50,20936,811],{"class":604},[50,20938,847],{"class":608},[50,20940,811],{"class":604},[50,20942,5440],{"class":64},[50,20944,20945],{"class":129},"  # None\n",[50,20947,20948,20950,20952,20954,20956],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,20949,118],{"class":94},[50,20951,98],{"class":64},[50,20953,873],{"class":101},[50,20955,126],{"class":64},[50,20957,20958],{"class":129},"              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[20,20960,20961],{},"The dictionary stays the same.",[222,20963,20965,20967],{"id":20964},"get-does-not-change-the-dictionary",[15,20966,10815],{}," does not change the dictionary",[20,20969,20970],{},"It only reads a value safely.",[41,20972,20974],{"className":43,"code":20973,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"settings = {\"mode\": \"light\"}\n\nsettings.get(\"theme\", \"dark\")\nprint(settings)   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[15,20975,20976,21002,21006,21032],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,20977,20978,20980,20982,20984,20986,20989,20991,20993,20995,20998,21000],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,20979,13898],{"class":56},[50,20981,61],{"class":60},[50,20983,632],{"class":64},[50,20985,811],{"class":604},[50,20987,20988],{"class":608},"mode",[50,20990,811],{"class":604},[50,20992,819],{"class":64},[50,20994,700],{"class":604},[50,20996,20997],{"class":608},"light",[50,20999,811],{"class":604},[50,21001,645],{"class":64},[50,21003,21004],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,21005,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,21007,21008,21010,21012,21014,21016,21018,21020,21022,21024,21026,21028,21030],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,21009,13957],{"class":56},[50,21011,425],{"class":64},[50,21013,19820],{"class":101},[50,21015,98],{"class":64},[50,21017,811],{"class":604},[50,21019,12569],{"class":608},[50,21021,811],{"class":604},[50,21023,72],{"class":64},[50,21025,700],{"class":604},[50,21027,12578],{"class":608},[50,21029,811],{"class":604},[50,21031,105],{"class":64},[50,21033,21034,21036,21038,21040,21042],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,21035,118],{"class":94},[50,21037,98],{"class":64},[50,21039,13957],{"class":101},[50,21041,126],{"class":64},[50,21043,21044],{"class":129},"   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[20,21046,21047,21048,21051],{},"Even though ",[15,21049,21050],{},"\"dark\""," was returned as a default, it was not saved into the dictionary.",[222,21053,21055,21056],{"id":21054},"a-stored-value-can-also-be-none","A stored value can also be ",[15,21057,208],{},[20,21059,21060,21061,2494,21063,21065],{},"Sometimes ",[15,21062,10815],{},[15,21064,208],{}," because:",[158,21067,21068,21071],{},[161,21069,21070],{},"The key is missing, or",[161,21072,21073,21074],{},"The key exists and its value is actually ",[15,21075,208],{},[20,21077,1602],{},[41,21079,21081],{"className":43,"code":21080,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(data.get(\"nickname\"))  # None\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))      # None\n",[15,21082,21083,21120,21124,21148],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,21084,21085,21087,21089,21091,21093,21095,21097,21099,21101,21103,21105,21107,21109,21112,21114,21116,21118],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,21086,9246],{"class":56},[50,21088,61],{"class":60},[50,21090,632],{"class":64},[50,21092,811],{"class":604},[50,21094,814],{"class":608},[50,21096,811],{"class":604},[50,21098,819],{"class":64},[50,21100,700],{"class":604},[50,21102,824],{"class":608},[50,21104,811],{"class":604},[50,21106,72],{"class":64},[50,21108,700],{"class":604},[50,21110,21111],{"class":608},"nickname",[50,21113,811],{"class":604},[50,21115,819],{"class":64},[50,21117,3933],{"class":207},[50,21119,645],{"class":64},[50,21121,21122],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,21123,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,21125,21126,21128,21130,21132,21134,21136,21138,21140,21142,21144,21146],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,21127,118],{"class":94},[50,21129,98],{"class":64},[50,21131,9284],{"class":101},[50,21133,425],{"class":64},[50,21135,19820],{"class":101},[50,21137,98],{"class":64},[50,21139,811],{"class":604},[50,21141,21111],{"class":608},[50,21143,811],{"class":604},[50,21145,5440],{"class":64},[50,21147,20945],{"class":129},[50,21149,21150,21152,21154,21156,21158,21160,21162,21164,21166,21168,21170],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,21151,118],{"class":94},[50,21153,98],{"class":64},[50,21155,9284],{"class":101},[50,21157,425],{"class":64},[50,21159,19820],{"class":101},[50,21161,98],{"class":64},[50,21163,811],{"class":604},[50,21165,847],{"class":608},[50,21167,811],{"class":604},[50,21169,5440],{"class":64},[50,21171,21172],{"class":129},"      # None\n",[20,21174,21175,21176,21178],{},"Both lines print ",[15,21177,208],{},", but they mean different things.",[20,21180,21181,21182,819],{},"If you need to know whether the key exists, check with ",[15,21183,3964],{},[41,21185,21187],{"className":43,"code":21186,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(\"nickname\" in data)  # True\nprint(\"city\" in data)      # False\n",[15,21188,21189,21225,21229,21250],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,21190,21191,21193,21195,21197,21199,21201,21203,21205,21207,21209,21211,21213,21215,21217,21219,21221,21223],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,21192,9246],{"class":56},[50,21194,61],{"class":60},[50,21196,632],{"class":64},[50,21198,811],{"class":604},[50,21200,814],{"class":608},[50,21202,811],{"class":604},[50,21204,819],{"class":64},[50,21206,700],{"class":604},[50,21208,824],{"class":608},[50,21210,811],{"class":604},[50,21212,72],{"class":64},[50,21214,700],{"class":604},[50,21216,21111],{"class":608},[50,21218,811],{"class":604},[50,21220,819],{"class":64},[50,21222,3933],{"class":207},[50,21224,645],{"class":64},[50,21226,21227],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,21228,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,21230,21231,21233,21235,21237,21239,21241,21244,21246,21248],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,21232,118],{"class":94},[50,21234,98],{"class":64},[50,21236,811],{"class":604},[50,21238,21111],{"class":608},[50,21240,811],{"class":604},[50,21242,21243],{"class":3957}," in",[50,21245,14639],{"class":101},[50,21247,126],{"class":64},[50,21249,3747],{"class":129},[50,21251,21252,21254,21256,21258,21260,21262,21264,21266,21268],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,21253,118],{"class":94},[50,21255,98],{"class":64},[50,21257,811],{"class":604},[50,21259,847],{"class":608},[50,21261,811],{"class":604},[50,21263,21243],{"class":3957},[50,21265,14639],{"class":101},[50,21267,126],{"class":64},[50,21269,21270],{"class":129},"      # False\n",[20,21272,21273,21274,425],{},"For a full beginner guide, see ",[421,21275,21276],{"href":17225},"how to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[36,21278,1743],{"id":1742},[20,21280,21281,21282,819],{},"Here are some common problems when using ",[15,21283,10815],{},[158,21285,21286,21291,21298,21303],{},[161,21287,21288,21289],{},"Using square brackets for optional keys and getting a ",[15,21290,19757],{},[161,21292,1756,21293,2494,21295,21297],{},[15,21294,10815],{},[15,21296,208],{}," if no default is provided",[161,21299,1748,21300,21302],{},[15,21301,10815],{}," creates a key automatically",[161,21304,21305],{},"Using a default value of the wrong type",[20,21307,21308],{},"Debugging steps that help:",[41,21310,21312],{"className":43,"code":21311,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.get('name'))\nprint(type(my_dict.get('name')))\n",[15,21313,21314,21324,21338,21356,21378],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,21315,21316,21318,21320,21322],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,21317,118],{"class":94},[50,21319,98],{"class":64},[50,21321,11525],{"class":101},[50,21323,105],{"class":64},[50,21325,21326,21328,21330,21332,21334,21336],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,21327,118],{"class":94},[50,21329,98],{"class":64},[50,21331,11525],{"class":101},[50,21333,425],{"class":64},[50,21335,16995],{"class":101},[50,21337,7273],{"class":64},[50,21339,21340,21342,21344,21346,21348,21350,21352,21354],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,21341,118],{"class":94},[50,21343,98],{"class":64},[50,21345,611],{"class":604},[50,21347,814],{"class":608},[50,21349,611],{"class":604},[50,21351,21243],{"class":3957},[50,21353,11840],{"class":101},[50,21355,105],{"class":64},[50,21357,21358,21360,21362,21364,21366,21368,21370,21372,21374,21376],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,21359,118],{"class":94},[50,21361,98],{"class":64},[50,21363,11525],{"class":101},[50,21365,425],{"class":64},[50,21367,19820],{"class":101},[50,21369,98],{"class":64},[50,21371,611],{"class":604},[50,21373,814],{"class":608},[50,21375,611],{"class":604},[50,21377,478],{"class":64},[50,21379,21380,21382,21384,21386,21388,21390,21392,21394,21396,21398,21400,21402],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,21381,118],{"class":94},[50,21383,98],{"class":64},[50,21385,558],{"class":557},[50,21387,98],{"class":64},[50,21389,11525],{"class":101},[50,21391,425],{"class":64},[50,21393,19820],{"class":101},[50,21395,98],{"class":64},[50,21397,611],{"class":604},[50,21399,814],{"class":608},[50,21401,611],{"class":604},[50,21403,569],{"class":64},[20,21405,21406],{},"What these checks tell you:",[158,21408,21409,21414,21420,21426,21432],{},[161,21410,21411,21413],{},[15,21412,12754],{}," shows the full dictionary",[161,21415,21416,21419],{},[15,21417,21418],{},"print(my_dict.keys())"," shows which keys exist",[161,21421,21422,21425],{},[15,21423,21424],{},"print('name' in my_dict)"," checks if a specific key exists",[161,21427,21428,21431],{},[15,21429,21430],{},"print(my_dict.get('name'))"," shows the returned value",[161,21433,21434,21437],{},[15,21435,21436],{},"print(type(my_dict.get('name')))"," shows the value type",[20,21439,21440,21441,4472,21446,21450],{},"You may also want to learn about ",[421,21442,21443,21444,10816],{"href":17134},"the dictionary ",[15,21445,17137],{},[421,21447,21443,21448,10816],{"href":17147},[15,21449,17150],{}," when inspecting dictionary contents.",[36,21452,1913],{"id":1912},[222,21454,1917,21456,21458,21459,1943],{"id":21455},"does-get-raise-keyerror",[15,21457,10815],{}," raise ",[15,21460,19757],{},[20,21462,21463,21464,21466],{},"No. If the key is missing, it returns ",[15,21465,208],{}," or the default value you provide.",[222,21468,1917,21470,21472],{"id":21469},"does-get-add-a-key-to-the-dictionary",[15,21471,10815],{}," add a key to the dictionary?",[20,21474,21475],{},"No. It only reads a value safely.",[222,21477,21479,21480,1943],{"id":21478},"what-is-the-default-return-value-of-get","What is the default return value of ",[15,21481,10815],{},[20,21483,21484,21486],{},[15,21485,208],{},", unless you pass a second argument.",[222,21488,21490,21491,21493],{"id":21489},"should-i-use-get-or-square-brackets","Should I use ",[15,21492,10815],{}," or square brackets?",[20,21495,920,21496,21498],{},[15,21497,10815],{}," for optional keys. Use square brackets when the key must exist.",[36,21500,1975],{"id":1974},[158,21502,21503,21507,21513,21519,21523,21528],{},[161,21504,21505],{},[421,21506,9236],{"href":9235},[161,21508,21509],{},[421,21510,10812,21511,10816],{"href":17134},[15,21512,17137],{},[161,21514,21515],{},[421,21516,10812,21517,10816],{"href":17147},[15,21518,17150],{},[161,21520,21521],{},[421,21522,17226],{"href":17225},[161,21524,21525],{},[421,21526,21527],{"href":16668},"How to access values in a dictionary in Python",[161,21529,21530],{},[421,21531,11337],{"href":11150},[2018,21533,21534],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":21536},[21537,21539,21540,21542,21547,21548,21556,21557,21567],{"id":19902,"depth":86,"text":21538},"What get() does",{"id":180,"depth":86,"text":181},{"id":20237,"depth":86,"text":21541},"When to use get()",{"id":20409,"depth":86,"text":21543,"children":21544},"get() vs square brackets",[21545,21546],{"id":20458,"depth":108,"text":20459},{"id":19820,"depth":108,"text":10815},{"id":20657,"depth":86,"text":20658},{"id":20869,"depth":86,"text":20870,"children":21549},[21550,21552,21554],{"id":20878,"depth":108,"text":21551},"get() does not add a missing key",{"id":20964,"depth":108,"text":21553},"get() does not change the dictionary",{"id":21054,"depth":108,"text":21555},"A stored value can also be None",{"id":1742,"depth":86,"text":1743},{"id":1912,"depth":86,"text":1913,"children":21558},[21559,21561,21563,21565],{"id":21455,"depth":108,"text":21560},"Does get() raise KeyError?",{"id":21469,"depth":108,"text":21562},"Does get() add a key to the dictionary?",{"id":21478,"depth":108,"text":21564},"What is the default return value of get()?",{"id":21489,"depth":108,"text":21566},"Should I use get() or square brackets?",{"id":1974,"depth":86,"text":1975},"Master python dictionary get method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method",{"title":19738,"description":21568},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method","nLl6HZ6KZg7GUYDF-4amCD2Q5QTayzRXFN3p-YK5PQI",{"id":21575,"title":21576,"body":21577,"description":24132,"extension":2064,"meta":24133,"navigation":111,"path":24134,"seo":24135,"stem":24136,"__hash__":24137},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method.md","Python Dictionary items() Method",{"type":7,"value":21578,"toc":24098},[21579,21584,21590,21596,21598,21679,21683,21700,21705,21710,21715,21717,21731,21733,21796,21800,21840,21848,21850,21852,21867,21870,21883,21885,21964,21968,22034,22036,22040,22048,22050,22061,22063,22173,22177,22256,22262,22268,22273,22386,22390,22422,22425,22532,22538,22545,22549,22552,22655,22659,22720,22723,22726,22737,22746,22749,22766,22768,22867,22871,22946,22949,22972,22977,22982,22999,23001,23122,23126,23160,23162,23167,23173,23183,23185,23263,23266,23337,23347,23350,23382,23385,23424,23430,23437,23440,23531,23535,23616,23622,23625,23628,23733,23736,23739,23861,23865,23868,23935,23939,23976,23982,23984,23990,23995,24001,24008,24014,24017,24056,24062,24065,24067,24095],[10,21580,11393,21582,11397],{"id":21581},"python-dictionary-items-method",[15,21583,17150],{},[20,21585,1185,21586,21589],{},[15,21587,21588],{},"dict.items()"," method lets you get both the keys and values from a dictionary at the same time.",[20,21591,21592,21593,21595],{},"Beginners usually use it when looping through a dictionary. Instead of getting a key first and then looking up its value, ",[15,21594,17150],{}," gives you each key-value pair together.",[36,21597,2105],{"id":2104},[41,21599,21601],{"className":43,"code":21600,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,21602,21603,21639,21643,21665],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,21604,21605,21607,21609,21611,21613,21615,21617,21619,21621,21623,21625,21627,21629,21631,21633,21635,21637],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,21606,804],{"class":56},[50,21608,61],{"class":60},[50,21610,632],{"class":64},[50,21612,811],{"class":604},[50,21614,814],{"class":608},[50,21616,811],{"class":604},[50,21618,819],{"class":64},[50,21620,700],{"class":604},[50,21622,824],{"class":608},[50,21624,811],{"class":604},[50,21626,72],{"class":64},[50,21628,700],{"class":604},[50,21630,833],{"class":608},[50,21632,811],{"class":604},[50,21634,819],{"class":64},[50,21636,9384],{"class":68},[50,21638,645],{"class":64},[50,21640,21641],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,21642,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,21644,21645,21647,21649,21651,21654,21656,21658,21660,21662],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,21646,6035],{"class":3957},[50,21648,202],{"class":56},[50,21650,72],{"class":64},[50,21652,21653],{"class":56}," value ",[50,21655,3964],{"class":3957},[50,21657,13320],{"class":56},[50,21659,425],{"class":64},[50,21661,7888],{"class":101},[50,21663,21664],{"class":64},"():\n",[50,21666,21667,21669,21671,21673,21675,21677],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,21668,8148],{"class":94},[50,21670,98],{"class":64},[50,21672,237],{"class":101},[50,21674,72],{"class":64},[50,21676,8512],{"class":101},[50,21678,105],{"class":64},[20,21680,21681],{},[3824,21682,353],{},[41,21684,21686],{"className":43,"code":21685,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"name Ana\nage 25\n",[15,21687,21688,21693],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,21689,21690],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,21691,21692],{"class":56},"name Ana\n",[50,21694,21695,21698],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,21696,21697],{"class":56},"age ",[50,21699,2807],{"class":68},[20,21701,920,21702,21704],{},[15,21703,17150],{}," when you need both the dictionary key and its value in the same loop.",[36,21706,153,21708,156],{"id":21707},"what-items-does",[15,21709,17150],{},[20,21711,21712,21714],{},[15,21713,17150],{}," returns all key-value pairs from a dictionary.",[20,21716,11534],{},[158,21718,21719,21725,21728],{},[161,21720,21721,21722],{},"Each result is a pair in the form ",[15,21723,21724],{},"(key, value)",[161,21726,21727],{},"Each pair is a tuple",[161,21729,21730],{},"The most common use is looping through a dictionary",[20,21732,1602],{},[41,21734,21736],{"className":43,"code":21735,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,21737,21738,21774,21778],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,21739,21740,21742,21744,21746,21748,21750,21752,21754,21756,21758,21760,21762,21764,21766,21768,21770,21772],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,21741,804],{"class":56},[50,21743,61],{"class":60},[50,21745,632],{"class":64},[50,21747,811],{"class":604},[50,21749,814],{"class":608},[50,21751,811],{"class":604},[50,21753,819],{"class":64},[50,21755,700],{"class":604},[50,21757,824],{"class":608},[50,21759,811],{"class":604},[50,21761,72],{"class":64},[50,21763,700],{"class":604},[50,21765,833],{"class":608},[50,21767,811],{"class":604},[50,21769,819],{"class":64},[50,21771,9384],{"class":68},[50,21773,645],{"class":64},[50,21775,21776],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,21777,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,21779,21780,21782,21784,21786,21788,21790,21792,21794],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,21781,118],{"class":94},[50,21783,98],{"class":64},[50,21785,437],{"class":557},[50,21787,98],{"class":64},[50,21789,873],{"class":101},[50,21791,425],{"class":64},[50,21793,7888],{"class":101},[50,21795,6367],{"class":64},[20,21797,21798],{},[3824,21799,353],{},[41,21801,21803],{"className":43,"code":21802,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,21804,21805],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,21806,21807,21810,21812,21814,21816,21818,21820,21822,21824,21826,21828,21830,21832,21834,21836,21838],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,21808,21809],{"class":64},"[(",[50,21811,611],{"class":604},[50,21813,814],{"class":608},[50,21815,611],{"class":604},[50,21817,72],{"class":64},[50,21819,605],{"class":604},[50,21821,824],{"class":608},[50,21823,611],{"class":604},[50,21825,9313],{"class":64},[50,21827,521],{"class":64},[50,21829,611],{"class":604},[50,21831,833],{"class":608},[50,21833,611],{"class":604},[50,21835,72],{"class":64},[50,21837,9384],{"class":68},[50,21839,9328],{"class":64},[20,21841,21842,21843,2976,21845,425],{},"If you are still learning dictionaries, see ",[421,21844,9236],{"href":13096},[421,21846,15097],{"href":21847},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python",[36,21849,181],{"id":180},[20,21851,5513],{},[41,21853,21855],{"className":43,"code":21854,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_dict.items()\n",[15,21856,21857],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,21858,21859,21861,21863,21865],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,21860,11525],{"class":56},[50,21862,425],{"class":64},[50,21864,7888],{"class":101},[50,21866,8722],{"class":64},[20,21868,21869],{},"Things to remember:",[158,21871,21872,21877,21880],{},[161,21873,21874,21876],{},[15,21875,17150],{}," does not take any arguments",[161,21878,21879],{},"It does not change the original dictionary",[161,21881,21882],{},"It gives you a way to access key-value pairs",[20,21884,1602],{},[41,21886,21888],{"className":43,"code":21887,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"scores = {\"Alice\": 90, \"Bob\": 85}\n\nresult = scores.items()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,21889,21890,21922,21926,21940,21944,21954],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,21891,21892,21894,21896,21898,21900,21902,21904,21906,21908,21910,21912,21914,21916,21918,21920],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,21893,5143],{"class":56},[50,21895,61],{"class":60},[50,21897,632],{"class":64},[50,21899,811],{"class":604},[50,21901,5083],{"class":608},[50,21903,811],{"class":604},[50,21905,819],{"class":64},[50,21907,19968],{"class":68},[50,21909,72],{"class":64},[50,21911,700],{"class":604},[50,21913,5092],{"class":608},[50,21915,811],{"class":604},[50,21917,819],{"class":64},[50,21919,13580],{"class":68},[50,21921,645],{"class":64},[50,21923,21924],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,21925,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,21927,21928,21930,21932,21934,21936,21938],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,21929,89],{"class":56},[50,21931,61],{"class":60},[50,21933,5190],{"class":56},[50,21935,425],{"class":64},[50,21937,7888],{"class":101},[50,21939,8722],{"class":64},[50,21941,21942],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,21943,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,21945,21946,21948,21950,21952],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,21947,118],{"class":94},[50,21949,98],{"class":64},[50,21951,123],{"class":101},[50,21953,105],{"class":64},[50,21955,21956,21958,21960,21962],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,21957,118],{"class":94},[50,21959,98],{"class":64},[50,21961,16460],{"class":101},[50,21963,105],{"class":64},[20,21965,21966],{},[3824,21967,353],{},[41,21969,21971],{"className":43,"code":21970,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"dict_items([('Alice', 90), ('Bob', 85)])\n{'Alice': 90, 'Bob': 85}\n",[15,21972,21973,22006],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,21974,21975,21978,21980,21982,21984,21986,21988,21990,21992,21994,21996,21998,22000,22002,22004],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,21976,21977],{"class":101},"dict_items",[50,21979,9735],{"class":64},[50,21981,611],{"class":604},[50,21983,5083],{"class":608},[50,21985,611],{"class":604},[50,21987,72],{"class":64},[50,21989,19968],{"class":68},[50,21991,9313],{"class":64},[50,21993,521],{"class":64},[50,21995,611],{"class":604},[50,21997,5092],{"class":608},[50,21999,611],{"class":604},[50,22001,72],{"class":64},[50,22003,13580],{"class":68},[50,22005,10754],{"class":64},[50,22007,22008,22010,22012,22014,22016,22018,22020,22022,22024,22026,22028,22030,22032],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,22009,9357],{"class":64},[50,22011,611],{"class":604},[50,22013,5083],{"class":608},[50,22015,611],{"class":604},[50,22017,819],{"class":64},[50,22019,19968],{"class":68},[50,22021,72],{"class":64},[50,22023,605],{"class":604},[50,22025,5092],{"class":608},[50,22027,611],{"class":604},[50,22029,819],{"class":64},[50,22031,13580],{"class":68},[50,22033,645],{"class":64},[20,22035,20961],{},[36,22037,22039],{"id":22038},"what-it-returns","What it returns",[20,22041,22042,22044,22045,22047],{},[15,22043,17150],{}," returns a ",[15,22046,21977],{}," view object.",[20,22049,2207],{},[158,22051,22052,22055,22058],{},[161,22053,22054],{},"You can loop over it",[161,22056,22057],{},"You can convert it to a list if needed",[161,22059,22060],{},"It reflects changes made to the dictionary",[20,22062,1602],{},[41,22064,22066],{"className":43,"code":22065,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\npairs = data.items()\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n\ndata[\"z\"] = 3\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,22067,22068,22100,22114,22118,22132,22136,22155,22159],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,22069,22070,22072,22074,22076,22078,22080,22082,22084,22086,22088,22090,22092,22094,22096,22098],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,22071,9246],{"class":56},[50,22073,61],{"class":60},[50,22075,632],{"class":64},[50,22077,811],{"class":604},[50,22079,2273],{"class":608},[50,22081,811],{"class":604},[50,22083,819],{"class":64},[50,22085,75],{"class":68},[50,22087,72],{"class":64},[50,22089,700],{"class":604},[50,22091,780],{"class":608},[50,22093,811],{"class":604},[50,22095,819],{"class":64},[50,22097,80],{"class":68},[50,22099,645],{"class":64},[50,22101,22102,22104,22106,22108,22110,22112],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,22103,9295],{"class":56},[50,22105,61],{"class":60},[50,22107,14639],{"class":56},[50,22109,425],{"class":64},[50,22111,7888],{"class":101},[50,22113,8722],{"class":64},[50,22115,22116],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,22117,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,22119,22120,22122,22124,22126,22128,22130],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,22121,118],{"class":94},[50,22123,98],{"class":64},[50,22125,437],{"class":557},[50,22127,98],{"class":64},[50,22129,9341],{"class":101},[50,22131,478],{"class":64},[50,22133,22134],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,22135,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,22137,22138,22140,22142,22144,22147,22149,22151,22153],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,22139,9284],{"class":56},[50,22141,363],{"class":64},[50,22143,811],{"class":604},[50,22145,22146],{"class":608},"z",[50,22148,811],{"class":604},[50,22150,13346],{"class":64},[50,22152,13349],{"class":60},[50,22154,2675],{"class":68},[50,22156,22157],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,22158,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,22160,22161,22163,22165,22167,22169,22171],{"class":52,"line":6503},[50,22162,118],{"class":94},[50,22164,98],{"class":64},[50,22166,437],{"class":557},[50,22168,98],{"class":64},[50,22170,9341],{"class":101},[50,22172,478],{"class":64},[20,22174,22175],{},[3824,22176,353],{},[41,22178,22180],{"className":43,"code":22179,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[('x', 1), ('y', 2)]\n[('x', 1), ('y', 2), ('z', 3)]\n",[15,22181,22182,22212],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,22183,22184,22186,22188,22190,22192,22194,22196,22198,22200,22202,22204,22206,22208,22210],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,22185,21809],{"class":64},[50,22187,611],{"class":604},[50,22189,2273],{"class":608},[50,22191,611],{"class":604},[50,22193,72],{"class":64},[50,22195,75],{"class":68},[50,22197,9313],{"class":64},[50,22199,521],{"class":64},[50,22201,611],{"class":604},[50,22203,780],{"class":608},[50,22205,611],{"class":604},[50,22207,72],{"class":64},[50,22209,80],{"class":68},[50,22211,9328],{"class":64},[50,22213,22214,22216,22218,22220,22222,22224,22226,22228,22230,22232,22234,22236,22238,22240,22242,22244,22246,22248,22250,22252,22254],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,22215,21809],{"class":64},[50,22217,611],{"class":604},[50,22219,2273],{"class":608},[50,22221,611],{"class":604},[50,22223,72],{"class":64},[50,22225,75],{"class":68},[50,22227,9313],{"class":64},[50,22229,521],{"class":64},[50,22231,611],{"class":604},[50,22233,780],{"class":608},[50,22235,611],{"class":604},[50,22237,72],{"class":64},[50,22239,80],{"class":68},[50,22241,9313],{"class":64},[50,22243,521],{"class":64},[50,22245,611],{"class":604},[50,22247,22146],{"class":608},[50,22249,611],{"class":604},[50,22251,72],{"class":64},[50,22253,500],{"class":68},[50,22255,9328],{"class":64},[20,22257,22258,22259,22261],{},"This happens because ",[15,22260,9341],{}," is a view of the dictionary data, not a separate copied list.",[36,22263,22265,22266],{"id":22264},"looping-with-items","Looping with ",[15,22267,17150],{},[20,22269,22270,22271,819],{},"This is the most common way beginners use ",[15,22272,17150],{},[41,22274,22276],{"className":43,"code":22275,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key, value in student.items():\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,22277,22278,22331,22335,22355],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,22279,22280,22282,22284,22286,22288,22290,22292,22294,22296,22298,22300,22302,22304,22306,22308,22310,22312,22315,22317,22319,22321,22323,22325,22327,22329],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,22281,12937],{"class":56},[50,22283,61],{"class":60},[50,22285,632],{"class":64},[50,22287,811],{"class":604},[50,22289,814],{"class":608},[50,22291,811],{"class":604},[50,22293,819],{"class":64},[50,22295,700],{"class":604},[50,22297,8000],{"class":608},[50,22299,811],{"class":604},[50,22301,72],{"class":64},[50,22303,700],{"class":604},[50,22305,19961],{"class":608},[50,22307,811],{"class":604},[50,22309,819],{"class":64},[50,22311,700],{"class":604},[50,22313,22314],{"class":608},"A",[50,22316,811],{"class":604},[50,22318,72],{"class":64},[50,22320,700],{"class":604},[50,22322,833],{"class":608},[50,22324,811],{"class":604},[50,22326,819],{"class":64},[50,22328,13930],{"class":68},[50,22330,645],{"class":64},[50,22332,22333],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,22334,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,22336,22337,22339,22341,22343,22345,22347,22349,22351,22353],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,22338,6035],{"class":3957},[50,22340,202],{"class":56},[50,22342,72],{"class":64},[50,22344,21653],{"class":56},[50,22346,3964],{"class":3957},[50,22348,12979],{"class":56},[50,22350,425],{"class":64},[50,22352,7888],{"class":101},[50,22354,21664],{"class":64},[50,22356,22357,22359,22361,22364,22366,22368,22370,22373,22376,22378,22380,22382,22384],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,22358,8148],{"class":94},[50,22360,98],{"class":64},[50,22362,22363],{"class":600},"f",[50,22365,811],{"class":608},[50,22367,9357],{"class":68},[50,22369,237],{"class":101},[50,22371,22372],{"class":68},"}",[50,22374,22375],{"class":608},": ",[50,22377,9357],{"class":68},[50,22379,2570],{"class":101},[50,22381,22372],{"class":68},[50,22383,811],{"class":608},[50,22385,105],{"class":64},[20,22387,22388],{},[3824,22389,353],{},[41,22391,22393],{"className":43,"code":22392,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"name: Mia\ngrade: A\nage: 14\n",[15,22394,22395,22404,22413],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,22396,22397,22399,22401],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,22398,814],{"class":56},[50,22400,819],{"class":64},[50,22402,22403],{"class":56}," Mia\n",[50,22405,22406,22408,22410],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,22407,19961],{"class":56},[50,22409,819],{"class":64},[50,22411,22412],{"class":56}," A\n",[50,22414,22415,22417,22419],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,22416,833],{"class":56},[50,22418,819],{"class":64},[50,22420,22421],{"class":68}," 14\n",[20,22423,22424],{},"This pattern is clearer than looping through keys and then looking up each value:",[41,22426,22428],{"className":43,"code":22427,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key in student:\n    print(f\"{key}: {student[key]}\")\n",[15,22429,22430,22482,22486,22498],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,22431,22432,22434,22436,22438,22440,22442,22444,22446,22448,22450,22452,22454,22456,22458,22460,22462,22464,22466,22468,22470,22472,22474,22476,22478,22480],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,22433,12937],{"class":56},[50,22435,61],{"class":60},[50,22437,632],{"class":64},[50,22439,811],{"class":604},[50,22441,814],{"class":608},[50,22443,811],{"class":604},[50,22445,819],{"class":64},[50,22447,700],{"class":604},[50,22449,8000],{"class":608},[50,22451,811],{"class":604},[50,22453,72],{"class":64},[50,22455,700],{"class":604},[50,22457,19961],{"class":608},[50,22459,811],{"class":604},[50,22461,819],{"class":64},[50,22463,700],{"class":604},[50,22465,22314],{"class":608},[50,22467,811],{"class":604},[50,22469,72],{"class":64},[50,22471,700],{"class":604},[50,22473,833],{"class":608},[50,22475,811],{"class":604},[50,22477,819],{"class":64},[50,22479,13930],{"class":68},[50,22481,645],{"class":64},[50,22483,22484],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,22485,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,22487,22488,22490,22492,22494,22496],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,22489,6035],{"class":3957},[50,22491,18278],{"class":56},[50,22493,3964],{"class":3957},[50,22495,12979],{"class":56},[50,22497,6470],{"class":64},[50,22499,22500,22502,22504,22506,22508,22510,22512,22514,22516,22518,22520,22522,22524,22526,22528,22530],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,22501,8148],{"class":94},[50,22503,98],{"class":64},[50,22505,22363],{"class":600},[50,22507,811],{"class":608},[50,22509,9357],{"class":68},[50,22511,237],{"class":101},[50,22513,22372],{"class":68},[50,22515,22375],{"class":608},[50,22517,9357],{"class":68},[50,22519,13699],{"class":101},[50,22521,363],{"class":64},[50,22523,237],{"class":101},[50,22525,13346],{"class":64},[50,22527,22372],{"class":68},[50,22529,811],{"class":608},[50,22531,105],{"class":64},[20,22533,6588,22534,22537],{},[15,22535,22536],{},"for key, value in student.items()"," is often easier to read when you need both parts.",[20,22539,22540,22541,425],{},"For a full guide, see ",[421,22542,22544],{"href":22543},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python","how to loop through a dictionary in Python",[36,22546,22548],{"id":22547},"converting-the-result","Converting the result",[20,22550,22551],{},"If you want to see all pairs clearly, you can convert the result to a list:",[41,22553,22555],{"className":43,"code":22554,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = {\"apple\": \"red\", \"banana\": \"yellow\", \"grape\": \"purple\"}\n\npairs_list = list(colors.items())\n\nprint(pairs_list)\n",[15,22556,22557,22616,22620,22640,22644],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,22558,22559,22561,22563,22565,22567,22569,22571,22573,22575,22577,22579,22581,22583,22585,22587,22589,22591,22594,22596,22598,22600,22603,22605,22607,22609,22612,22614],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,22560,13149],{"class":56},[50,22562,61],{"class":60},[50,22564,632],{"class":64},[50,22566,811],{"class":604},[50,22568,1049],{"class":608},[50,22570,811],{"class":604},[50,22572,819],{"class":64},[50,22574,700],{"class":604},[50,22576,13166],{"class":608},[50,22578,811],{"class":604},[50,22580,72],{"class":64},[50,22582,700],{"class":604},[50,22584,1058],{"class":608},[50,22586,811],{"class":604},[50,22588,819],{"class":64},[50,22590,700],{"class":604},[50,22592,22593],{"class":608},"yellow",[50,22595,811],{"class":604},[50,22597,72],{"class":64},[50,22599,700],{"class":604},[50,22601,22602],{"class":608},"grape",[50,22604,811],{"class":604},[50,22606,819],{"class":64},[50,22608,700],{"class":604},[50,22610,22611],{"class":608},"purple",[50,22613,811],{"class":604},[50,22615,645],{"class":64},[50,22617,22618],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,22619,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,22621,22622,22625,22627,22630,22632,22634,22636,22638],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,22623,22624],{"class":56},"pairs_list ",[50,22626,61],{"class":60},[50,22628,22629],{"class":557}," list",[50,22631,98],{"class":64},[50,22633,17572],{"class":101},[50,22635,425],{"class":64},[50,22637,7888],{"class":101},[50,22639,7273],{"class":64},[50,22641,22642],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,22643,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,22645,22646,22648,22650,22653],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,22647,118],{"class":94},[50,22649,98],{"class":64},[50,22651,22652],{"class":101},"pairs_list",[50,22654,105],{"class":64},[20,22656,22657],{},[3824,22658,353],{},[41,22660,22662],{"className":43,"code":22661,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[('apple', 'red'), ('banana', 'yellow'), ('grape', 'purple')]\n",[15,22663,22664],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,22665,22666,22668,22670,22672,22674,22676,22678,22680,22682,22684,22686,22688,22690,22692,22694,22696,22698,22700,22702,22704,22706,22708,22710,22712,22714,22716,22718],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,22667,21809],{"class":64},[50,22669,611],{"class":604},[50,22671,1049],{"class":608},[50,22673,611],{"class":604},[50,22675,72],{"class":64},[50,22677,605],{"class":604},[50,22679,13166],{"class":608},[50,22681,611],{"class":604},[50,22683,9313],{"class":64},[50,22685,521],{"class":64},[50,22687,611],{"class":604},[50,22689,1058],{"class":608},[50,22691,611],{"class":604},[50,22693,72],{"class":64},[50,22695,605],{"class":604},[50,22697,22593],{"class":608},[50,22699,611],{"class":604},[50,22701,9313],{"class":64},[50,22703,521],{"class":64},[50,22705,611],{"class":604},[50,22707,22602],{"class":608},[50,22709,611],{"class":604},[50,22711,72],{"class":64},[50,22713,605],{"class":604},[50,22715,22611],{"class":608},[50,22717,611],{"class":604},[50,22719,9328],{"class":64},[20,22721,22722],{},"This creates a list of tuples.",[20,22724,22725],{},"Use this when:",[158,22727,22728,22731,22734],{},[161,22729,22730],{},"You want clearer printed output",[161,22732,22733],{},"You need list behavior",[161,22735,22736],{},"You want to inspect all pairs at once",[36,22738,22740,1467,22742,1467,22744],{"id":22739},"items-vs-keys-vs-values",[15,22741,17150],{},[15,22743,17137],{},[15,22745,17143],{},[20,22747,22748],{},"Dictionary methods give different parts of the dictionary:",[158,22750,22751,22756,22761],{},[161,22752,22753,22755],{},[15,22754,17150],{}," gives both key and value",[161,22757,22758,22760],{},[15,22759,17137],{}," gives only keys",[161,22762,22763,22765],{},[15,22764,17143],{}," gives only values",[20,22767,1602],{},[41,22769,22771],{"className":43,"code":22770,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.keys()))\nprint(list(person.values()))\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,22772,22773,22809,22813,22831,22849],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,22774,22775,22777,22779,22781,22783,22785,22787,22789,22791,22793,22795,22797,22799,22801,22803,22805,22807],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,22776,804],{"class":56},[50,22778,61],{"class":60},[50,22780,632],{"class":64},[50,22782,811],{"class":604},[50,22784,814],{"class":608},[50,22786,811],{"class":604},[50,22788,819],{"class":64},[50,22790,700],{"class":604},[50,22792,824],{"class":608},[50,22794,811],{"class":604},[50,22796,72],{"class":64},[50,22798,700],{"class":604},[50,22800,833],{"class":608},[50,22802,811],{"class":604},[50,22804,819],{"class":64},[50,22806,9384],{"class":68},[50,22808,645],{"class":64},[50,22810,22811],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,22812,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,22814,22815,22817,22819,22821,22823,22825,22827,22829],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,22816,118],{"class":94},[50,22818,98],{"class":64},[50,22820,437],{"class":557},[50,22822,98],{"class":64},[50,22824,873],{"class":101},[50,22826,425],{"class":64},[50,22828,16995],{"class":101},[50,22830,6367],{"class":64},[50,22832,22833,22835,22837,22839,22841,22843,22845,22847],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,22834,118],{"class":94},[50,22836,98],{"class":64},[50,22838,437],{"class":557},[50,22840,98],{"class":64},[50,22842,873],{"class":101},[50,22844,425],{"class":64},[50,22846,546],{"class":101},[50,22848,6367],{"class":64},[50,22850,22851,22853,22855,22857,22859,22861,22863,22865],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,22852,118],{"class":94},[50,22854,98],{"class":64},[50,22856,437],{"class":557},[50,22858,98],{"class":64},[50,22860,873],{"class":101},[50,22862,425],{"class":64},[50,22864,7888],{"class":101},[50,22866,6367],{"class":64},[20,22868,22869],{},[3824,22870,353],{},[41,22872,22874],{"className":43,"code":22873,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['name', 'age']\n['Ana', 25]\n[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,22875,22876,22896,22912],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,22877,22878,22880,22882,22884,22886,22888,22890,22892,22894],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,22879,363],{"class":64},[50,22881,611],{"class":604},[50,22883,814],{"class":608},[50,22885,611],{"class":604},[50,22887,72],{"class":64},[50,22889,605],{"class":604},[50,22891,833],{"class":608},[50,22893,611],{"class":604},[50,22895,83],{"class":64},[50,22897,22898,22900,22902,22904,22906,22908,22910],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,22899,363],{"class":64},[50,22901,611],{"class":604},[50,22903,824],{"class":608},[50,22905,611],{"class":604},[50,22907,72],{"class":64},[50,22909,9384],{"class":68},[50,22911,83],{"class":64},[50,22913,22914,22916,22918,22920,22922,22924,22926,22928,22930,22932,22934,22936,22938,22940,22942,22944],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,22915,21809],{"class":64},[50,22917,611],{"class":604},[50,22919,814],{"class":608},[50,22921,611],{"class":604},[50,22923,72],{"class":64},[50,22925,605],{"class":604},[50,22927,824],{"class":608},[50,22929,611],{"class":604},[50,22931,9313],{"class":64},[50,22933,521],{"class":64},[50,22935,611],{"class":604},[50,22937,833],{"class":608},[50,22939,611],{"class":604},[50,22941,72],{"class":64},[50,22943,9384],{"class":68},[50,22945,9328],{"class":64},[20,22947,22948],{},"Use the method that matches your task:",[158,22950,22951,22959,22967],{},[161,22952,22953,22954],{},"Need just keys? Use ",[421,22955,22957],{"href":22956},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method",[15,22958,17137],{},[161,22960,22961,22962],{},"Need just values? Use ",[421,22963,22965],{"href":22964},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method",[15,22966,17143],{},[161,22968,22969,22970],{},"Need both together? Use ",[15,22971,17150],{},[36,22973,5040,22975],{"id":22974},"when-to-use-items",[15,22976,17150],{},[20,22978,22979,22981],{},[15,22980,17150],{}," is useful for tasks like:",[158,22983,22984,22987,22990,22993,22996],{},[161,22985,22986],{},"Printing dictionary contents",[161,22988,22989],{},"Building formatted output",[161,22991,22992],{},"Looping through settings and values",[161,22994,22995],{},"Showing names with scores",[161,22997,22998],{},"Working with labels and their data",[20,23000,1602],{},[41,23002,23004],{"className":43,"code":23003,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"settings = {\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"language\": \"English\",\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\n\nfor setting, value in settings.items():\n    print(f\"{setting} = {value}\")\n",[15,23005,23006,23014,23032,23051,23063,23067,23071,23092],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,23007,23008,23010,23012],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,23009,13898],{"class":56},[50,23011,61],{"class":60},[50,23013,11567],{"class":64},[50,23015,23016,23018,23020,23022,23024,23026,23028,23030],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,23017,11572],{"class":604},[50,23019,12569],{"class":608},[50,23021,811],{"class":604},[50,23023,819],{"class":64},[50,23025,700],{"class":604},[50,23027,12578],{"class":608},[50,23029,811],{"class":604},[50,23031,11588],{"class":64},[50,23033,23034,23036,23038,23040,23042,23044,23047,23049],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,23035,11572],{"class":604},[50,23037,20193],{"class":608},[50,23039,811],{"class":604},[50,23041,819],{"class":64},[50,23043,700],{"class":604},[50,23045,23046],{"class":608},"English",[50,23048,811],{"class":604},[50,23050,11588],{"class":64},[50,23052,23053,23055,23057,23059,23061],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,23054,11572],{"class":604},[50,23056,18594],{"class":608},[50,23058,811],{"class":604},[50,23060,819],{"class":64},[50,23062,6500],{"class":207},[50,23064,23065],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,23066,645],{"class":64},[50,23068,23069],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,23070,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,23072,23073,23075,23078,23080,23082,23084,23086,23088,23090],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,23074,6035],{"class":3957},[50,23076,23077],{"class":56}," setting",[50,23079,72],{"class":64},[50,23081,21653],{"class":56},[50,23083,3964],{"class":3957},[50,23085,13942],{"class":56},[50,23087,425],{"class":64},[50,23089,7888],{"class":101},[50,23091,21664],{"class":64},[50,23093,23094,23096,23098,23100,23102,23104,23107,23109,23112,23114,23116,23118,23120],{"class":52,"line":6503},[50,23095,8148],{"class":94},[50,23097,98],{"class":64},[50,23099,22363],{"class":600},[50,23101,811],{"class":608},[50,23103,9357],{"class":68},[50,23105,23106],{"class":101},"setting",[50,23108,22372],{"class":68},[50,23110,23111],{"class":608}," = ",[50,23113,9357],{"class":68},[50,23115,2570],{"class":101},[50,23117,22372],{"class":68},[50,23119,811],{"class":608},[50,23121,105],{"class":64},[20,23123,23124],{},[3824,23125,353],{},[41,23127,23129],{"className":43,"code":23128,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"theme = dark\nlanguage = English\nnotifications = True\n",[15,23130,23131,23141,23151],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,23132,23133,23136,23138],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,23134,23135],{"class":56},"theme ",[50,23137,61],{"class":60},[50,23139,23140],{"class":56}," dark\n",[50,23142,23143,23146,23148],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,23144,23145],{"class":56},"language ",[50,23147,61],{"class":60},[50,23149,23150],{"class":56}," English\n",[50,23152,23153,23156,23158],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,23154,23155],{"class":56},"notifications ",[50,23157,61],{"class":60},[50,23159,6500],{"class":207},[36,23161,1743],{"id":1742},[20,23163,23164,23165,425],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,23166,17150],{},[222,23168,23170,23171,1764],{"id":23169},"trying-to-unpack-items-incorrectly","Trying to unpack ",[15,23172,17150],{},[20,23174,23175,23176,23178,23179,23182],{},"Each result from ",[15,23177,17150],{}," has ",[3824,23180,23181],{},"two parts",": a key and a value.",[20,23184,6766],{},[41,23186,23187],{"className":43,"code":21600,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,23188,23189,23225,23229,23249],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,23190,23191,23193,23195,23197,23199,23201,23203,23205,23207,23209,23211,23213,23215,23217,23219,23221,23223],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,23192,804],{"class":56},[50,23194,61],{"class":60},[50,23196,632],{"class":64},[50,23198,811],{"class":604},[50,23200,814],{"class":608},[50,23202,811],{"class":604},[50,23204,819],{"class":64},[50,23206,700],{"class":604},[50,23208,824],{"class":608},[50,23210,811],{"class":604},[50,23212,72],{"class":64},[50,23214,700],{"class":604},[50,23216,833],{"class":608},[50,23218,811],{"class":604},[50,23220,819],{"class":64},[50,23222,9384],{"class":68},[50,23224,645],{"class":64},[50,23226,23227],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,23228,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,23230,23231,23233,23235,23237,23239,23241,23243,23245,23247],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,23232,6035],{"class":3957},[50,23234,202],{"class":56},[50,23236,72],{"class":64},[50,23238,21653],{"class":56},[50,23240,3964],{"class":3957},[50,23242,13320],{"class":56},[50,23244,425],{"class":64},[50,23246,7888],{"class":101},[50,23248,21664],{"class":64},[50,23250,23251,23253,23255,23257,23259,23261],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,23252,8148],{"class":94},[50,23254,98],{"class":64},[50,23256,237],{"class":101},[50,23258,72],{"class":64},[50,23260,8512],{"class":101},[50,23262,105],{"class":64},[20,23264,23265],{},"This is wrong because it tries to unpack into only one variable pattern:",[41,23267,23269],{"className":43,"code":23268,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key in person.items():\n    print(key)\n",[15,23270,23271,23307,23311,23327],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,23272,23273,23275,23277,23279,23281,23283,23285,23287,23289,23291,23293,23295,23297,23299,23301,23303,23305],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,23274,804],{"class":56},[50,23276,61],{"class":60},[50,23278,632],{"class":64},[50,23280,811],{"class":604},[50,23282,814],{"class":608},[50,23284,811],{"class":604},[50,23286,819],{"class":64},[50,23288,700],{"class":604},[50,23290,824],{"class":608},[50,23292,811],{"class":604},[50,23294,72],{"class":64},[50,23296,700],{"class":604},[50,23298,833],{"class":608},[50,23300,811],{"class":604},[50,23302,819],{"class":64},[50,23304,9384],{"class":68},[50,23306,645],{"class":64},[50,23308,23309],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,23310,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,23312,23313,23315,23317,23319,23321,23323,23325],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,23314,6035],{"class":3957},[50,23316,18278],{"class":56},[50,23318,3964],{"class":3957},[50,23320,13320],{"class":56},[50,23322,425],{"class":64},[50,23324,7888],{"class":101},[50,23326,21664],{"class":64},[50,23328,23329,23331,23333,23335],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,23330,8148],{"class":94},[50,23332,98],{"class":64},[50,23334,237],{"class":101},[50,23336,105],{"class":64},[20,23338,23339,23340,23342,23343,23346],{},"This code is not an error, but ",[15,23341,237],{}," is actually the full tuple, such as ",[15,23344,23345],{},"('name', 'Ana')",", not just the key.",[20,23348,23349],{},"If you want the full pair, use one variable:",[41,23351,23353],{"className":43,"code":23352,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"for item in person.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,23354,23355,23371],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,23356,23357,23359,23361,23363,23365,23367,23369],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,23358,6035],{"class":3957},[50,23360,6038],{"class":56},[50,23362,3964],{"class":3957},[50,23364,13320],{"class":56},[50,23366,425],{"class":64},[50,23368,7888],{"class":101},[50,23370,21664],{"class":64},[50,23372,23373,23375,23377,23380],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,23374,8148],{"class":94},[50,23376,98],{"class":64},[50,23378,23379],{"class":101},"item",[50,23381,105],{"class":64},[20,23383,23384],{},"If you want separate key and value, use two variables:",[41,23386,23388],{"className":43,"code":23387,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"for key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,23389,23390,23410],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,23391,23392,23394,23396,23398,23400,23402,23404,23406,23408],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,23393,6035],{"class":3957},[50,23395,202],{"class":56},[50,23397,72],{"class":64},[50,23399,21653],{"class":56},[50,23401,3964],{"class":3957},[50,23403,13320],{"class":56},[50,23405,425],{"class":64},[50,23407,7888],{"class":101},[50,23409,21664],{"class":64},[50,23411,23412,23414,23416,23418,23420,23422],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,23413,8148],{"class":94},[50,23415,98],{"class":64},[50,23417,237],{"class":101},[50,23419,72],{"class":64},[50,23421,8512],{"class":101},[50,23423,105],{"class":64},[222,23425,8532,23427,23429],{"id":23426},"expecting-items-to-return-a-regular-list",[15,23428,17150],{}," to return a regular list",[20,23431,23432,22044,23434,23436],{},[15,23433,17150],{},[15,23435,21977],{}," object, not a list.",[20,23438,23439],{},"Check it:",[41,23441,23443],{"className":43,"code":23442,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(my_dict.items())\nprint(type(my_dict.items()))\nprint(list(my_dict.items()))\n",[15,23444,23445,23477,23481,23495,23513],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,23446,23447,23449,23451,23453,23455,23457,23459,23461,23463,23465,23467,23469,23471,23473,23475],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,23448,11799],{"class":56},[50,23450,61],{"class":60},[50,23452,632],{"class":64},[50,23454,811],{"class":604},[50,23456,421],{"class":608},[50,23458,811],{"class":604},[50,23460,819],{"class":64},[50,23462,75],{"class":68},[50,23464,72],{"class":64},[50,23466,700],{"class":604},[50,23468,4839],{"class":608},[50,23470,811],{"class":604},[50,23472,819],{"class":64},[50,23474,80],{"class":68},[50,23476,645],{"class":64},[50,23478,23479],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,23480,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,23482,23483,23485,23487,23489,23491,23493],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,23484,118],{"class":94},[50,23486,98],{"class":64},[50,23488,11525],{"class":101},[50,23490,425],{"class":64},[50,23492,7888],{"class":101},[50,23494,7273],{"class":64},[50,23496,23497,23499,23501,23503,23505,23507,23509,23511],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,23498,118],{"class":94},[50,23500,98],{"class":64},[50,23502,558],{"class":557},[50,23504,98],{"class":64},[50,23506,11525],{"class":101},[50,23508,425],{"class":64},[50,23510,7888],{"class":101},[50,23512,6367],{"class":64},[50,23514,23515,23517,23519,23521,23523,23525,23527,23529],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,23516,118],{"class":94},[50,23518,98],{"class":64},[50,23520,437],{"class":557},[50,23522,98],{"class":64},[50,23524,11525],{"class":101},[50,23526,425],{"class":64},[50,23528,7888],{"class":101},[50,23530,6367],{"class":64},[20,23532,23533],{},[3824,23534,353],{},[41,23536,23538],{"className":43,"code":23537,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"dict_items([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_items'>\n[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\n",[15,23539,23540,23572,23586],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,23541,23542,23544,23546,23548,23550,23552,23554,23556,23558,23560,23562,23564,23566,23568,23570],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,23543,21977],{"class":101},[50,23545,9735],{"class":64},[50,23547,611],{"class":604},[50,23549,421],{"class":608},[50,23551,611],{"class":604},[50,23553,72],{"class":64},[50,23555,75],{"class":68},[50,23557,9313],{"class":64},[50,23559,521],{"class":64},[50,23561,611],{"class":604},[50,23563,4839],{"class":608},[50,23565,611],{"class":604},[50,23567,72],{"class":64},[50,23569,80],{"class":68},[50,23571,10754],{"class":64},[50,23573,23574,23576,23578,23580,23582,23584],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,23575,597],{"class":60},[50,23577,601],{"class":600},[50,23579,605],{"class":604},[50,23581,21977],{"class":608},[50,23583,611],{"class":604},[50,23585,614],{"class":60},[50,23587,23588,23590,23592,23594,23596,23598,23600,23602,23604,23606,23608,23610,23612,23614],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,23589,21809],{"class":64},[50,23591,611],{"class":604},[50,23593,421],{"class":608},[50,23595,611],{"class":604},[50,23597,72],{"class":64},[50,23599,75],{"class":68},[50,23601,9313],{"class":64},[50,23603,521],{"class":64},[50,23605,611],{"class":604},[50,23607,4839],{"class":608},[50,23609,611],{"class":604},[50,23611,72],{"class":64},[50,23613,80],{"class":68},[50,23615,9328],{"class":64},[222,23617,23619,23620],{"id":23618},"changing-the-dictionary-while-looping-over-items","Changing the dictionary while looping over ",[15,23621,17150],{},[20,23623,23624],{},"Be careful when changing a dictionary during iteration.",[20,23626,23627],{},"Problem example:",[41,23629,23631],{"className":43,"code":23630,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in numbers.items():\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n",[15,23632,23633,23677,23681,23701,23713],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,23634,23635,23637,23639,23641,23643,23645,23647,23649,23651,23653,23655,23657,23659,23661,23663,23665,23667,23669,23671,23673,23675],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,23636,57],{"class":56},[50,23638,61],{"class":60},[50,23640,632],{"class":64},[50,23642,811],{"class":604},[50,23644,421],{"class":608},[50,23646,811],{"class":604},[50,23648,819],{"class":64},[50,23650,75],{"class":68},[50,23652,72],{"class":64},[50,23654,700],{"class":604},[50,23656,4839],{"class":608},[50,23658,811],{"class":604},[50,23660,819],{"class":64},[50,23662,80],{"class":68},[50,23664,72],{"class":64},[50,23666,700],{"class":604},[50,23668,9817],{"class":608},[50,23670,811],{"class":604},[50,23672,819],{"class":64},[50,23674,500],{"class":68},[50,23676,645],{"class":64},[50,23678,23679],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,23680,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,23682,23683,23685,23687,23689,23691,23693,23695,23697,23699],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,23684,6035],{"class":3957},[50,23686,202],{"class":56},[50,23688,72],{"class":64},[50,23690,21653],{"class":56},[50,23692,3964],{"class":3957},[50,23694,4341],{"class":56},[50,23696,425],{"class":64},[50,23698,7888],{"class":101},[50,23700,21664],{"class":64},[50,23702,23703,23705,23707,23709,23711],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,23704,6475],{"class":3957},[50,23706,21653],{"class":56},[50,23708,4767],{"class":60},[50,23710,80],{"class":68},[50,23712,6470],{"class":64},[50,23714,23715,23718,23720,23722,23724,23726,23728,23730],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,23716,23717],{"class":56},"        numbers",[50,23719,363],{"class":64},[50,23721,811],{"class":604},[50,23723,18837],{"class":608},[50,23725,811],{"class":604},[50,23727,13346],{"class":64},[50,23729,13349],{"class":60},[50,23731,23732],{"class":68}," 4\n",[20,23734,23735],{},"Changing the dictionary size while looping can cause errors.",[20,23737,23738],{},"A safer approach is to loop over a copied list of items:",[41,23740,23742],{"className":43,"code":23741,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in list(numbers.items()):\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,23743,23744,23788,23792,23817,23829,23847,23851],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,23745,23746,23748,23750,23752,23754,23756,23758,23760,23762,23764,23766,23768,23770,23772,23774,23776,23778,23780,23782,23784,23786],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,23747,57],{"class":56},[50,23749,61],{"class":60},[50,23751,632],{"class":64},[50,23753,811],{"class":604},[50,23755,421],{"class":608},[50,23757,811],{"class":604},[50,23759,819],{"class":64},[50,23761,75],{"class":68},[50,23763,72],{"class":64},[50,23765,700],{"class":604},[50,23767,4839],{"class":608},[50,23769,811],{"class":604},[50,23771,819],{"class":64},[50,23773,80],{"class":68},[50,23775,72],{"class":64},[50,23777,700],{"class":604},[50,23779,9817],{"class":608},[50,23781,811],{"class":604},[50,23783,819],{"class":64},[50,23785,500],{"class":68},[50,23787,645],{"class":64},[50,23789,23790],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,23791,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,23793,23794,23796,23798,23800,23802,23804,23806,23808,23810,23812,23814],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,23795,6035],{"class":3957},[50,23797,202],{"class":56},[50,23799,72],{"class":64},[50,23801,21653],{"class":56},[50,23803,3964],{"class":3957},[50,23805,22629],{"class":557},[50,23807,98],{"class":64},[50,23809,102],{"class":101},[50,23811,425],{"class":64},[50,23813,7888],{"class":101},[50,23815,23816],{"class":64},"()):\n",[50,23818,23819,23821,23823,23825,23827],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,23820,6475],{"class":3957},[50,23822,21653],{"class":56},[50,23824,4767],{"class":60},[50,23826,80],{"class":68},[50,23828,6470],{"class":64},[50,23830,23831,23833,23835,23837,23839,23841,23843,23845],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,23832,23717],{"class":56},[50,23834,363],{"class":64},[50,23836,811],{"class":604},[50,23838,18837],{"class":608},[50,23840,811],{"class":604},[50,23842,13346],{"class":64},[50,23844,13349],{"class":60},[50,23846,23732],{"class":68},[50,23848,23849],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,23850,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,23852,23853,23855,23857,23859],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,23854,118],{"class":94},[50,23856,98],{"class":64},[50,23858,102],{"class":101},[50,23860,105],{"class":64},[222,23862,23864],{"id":23863},"forgetting-that-each-result-is-a-key-value-pair","Forgetting that each result is a key-value pair",[20,23866,23867],{},"If you print each item directly, you will see tuples:",[41,23869,23871],{"className":43,"code":23870,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {\"x\": 10, \"y\": 20}\n\nfor item in data.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,23872,23873,23905,23909,23925],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,23874,23875,23877,23879,23881,23883,23885,23887,23889,23891,23893,23895,23897,23899,23901,23903],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,23876,9246],{"class":56},[50,23878,61],{"class":60},[50,23880,632],{"class":64},[50,23882,811],{"class":604},[50,23884,2273],{"class":608},[50,23886,811],{"class":604},[50,23888,819],{"class":64},[50,23890,6082],{"class":68},[50,23892,72],{"class":64},[50,23894,700],{"class":604},[50,23896,780],{"class":608},[50,23898,811],{"class":604},[50,23900,819],{"class":64},[50,23902,840],{"class":68},[50,23904,645],{"class":64},[50,23906,23907],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,23908,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,23910,23911,23913,23915,23917,23919,23921,23923],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,23912,6035],{"class":3957},[50,23914,6038],{"class":56},[50,23916,3964],{"class":3957},[50,23918,14639],{"class":56},[50,23920,425],{"class":64},[50,23922,7888],{"class":101},[50,23924,21664],{"class":64},[50,23926,23927,23929,23931,23933],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,23928,8148],{"class":94},[50,23930,98],{"class":64},[50,23932,23379],{"class":101},[50,23934,105],{"class":64},[20,23936,23937],{},[3824,23938,353],{},[41,23940,23942],{"className":43,"code":23941,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"('x', 10)\n('y', 20)\n",[15,23943,23944,23960],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,23945,23946,23948,23950,23952,23954,23956,23958],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,23947,98],{"class":64},[50,23949,611],{"class":604},[50,23951,2273],{"class":608},[50,23953,611],{"class":604},[50,23955,72],{"class":64},[50,23957,6082],{"class":68},[50,23959,105],{"class":64},[50,23961,23962,23964,23966,23968,23970,23972,23974],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,23963,98],{"class":64},[50,23965,611],{"class":604},[50,23967,780],{"class":608},[50,23969,611],{"class":604},[50,23971,72],{"class":64},[50,23973,840],{"class":68},[50,23975,105],{"class":64},[20,23977,23978,23979,23981],{},"That is normal. Each item is one ",[15,23980,21724],{}," pair.",[36,23983,1913],{"id":1912},[222,23985,23987,23988,5224],{"id":23986},"what-does-dictionary-items-return-in-python","What does dictionary ",[15,23989,17150],{},[20,23991,17491,23992,23994],{},[15,23993,21977],{}," view containing key-value pairs as tuples.",[222,23996,1917,23998,24000],{"id":23997},"does-items-return-a-list",[15,23999,17150],{}," return a list?",[20,24002,24003,24004,24007],{},"No. It returns a view object. Use ",[15,24005,24006],{},"list(my_dict.items())"," if you need a list.",[222,24009,24011,24012,1943],{"id":24010},"can-i-loop-through-keys-and-values-with-items","Can I loop through keys and values with ",[15,24013,17150],{},[20,24015,24016],{},"Yes. Use this pattern:",[41,24018,24020],{"className":43,"code":24019,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"for key, value in my_dict.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,24021,24022,24042],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,24023,24024,24026,24028,24030,24032,24034,24036,24038,24040],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,24025,6035],{"class":3957},[50,24027,202],{"class":56},[50,24029,72],{"class":64},[50,24031,21653],{"class":56},[50,24033,3964],{"class":3957},[50,24035,11840],{"class":56},[50,24037,425],{"class":64},[50,24039,7888],{"class":101},[50,24041,21664],{"class":64},[50,24043,24044,24046,24048,24050,24052,24054],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,24045,8148],{"class":94},[50,24047,98],{"class":64},[50,24049,237],{"class":101},[50,24051,72],{"class":64},[50,24053,8512],{"class":101},[50,24055,105],{"class":64},[222,24057,1917,24059,24061],{"id":24058},"does-items-change-the-dictionary",[15,24060,17150],{}," change the dictionary?",[20,24063,24064],{},"No. It only gives you a way to access the pairs.",[36,24066,1975],{"id":1974},[158,24068,24069,24075,24081,24086,24090],{},[161,24070,24071],{},[421,24072,10812,24073,10816],{"href":22956},[15,24074,17137],{},[161,24076,24077],{},[421,24078,10812,24079,10816],{"href":22964},[15,24080,17143],{},[161,24082,24083],{},[421,24084,24085],{"href":22543},"How to loop through a dictionary in Python",[161,24087,24088],{},[421,24089,9236],{"href":13096},[161,24091,24092],{},[421,24093,24094],{"href":21847},"What is a dictionary in Python",[2018,24096,24097],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":24099},[24100,24101,24103,24104,24105,24107,24108,24110,24112,24121,24131],{"id":2104,"depth":86,"text":2105},{"id":21707,"depth":86,"text":24102},"What items() does",{"id":180,"depth":86,"text":181},{"id":22038,"depth":86,"text":22039},{"id":22264,"depth":86,"text":24106},"Looping with items()",{"id":22547,"depth":86,"text":22548},{"id":22739,"depth":86,"text":24109},"items() vs keys() vs values()",{"id":22974,"depth":86,"text":24111},"When to use items()",{"id":1742,"depth":86,"text":1743,"children":24113},[24114,24116,24118,24120],{"id":23169,"depth":108,"text":24115},"Trying to unpack items() incorrectly",{"id":23426,"depth":108,"text":24117},"Expecting items() to return a regular list",{"id":23618,"depth":108,"text":24119},"Changing the dictionary while looping over items()",{"id":23863,"depth":108,"text":23864},{"id":1912,"depth":86,"text":1913,"children":24122},[24123,24125,24127,24129],{"id":23986,"depth":108,"text":24124},"What does dictionary items() return in Python?",{"id":23997,"depth":108,"text":24126},"Does items() return a list?",{"id":24010,"depth":108,"text":24128},"Can I loop through keys and values with items()?",{"id":24058,"depth":108,"text":24130},"Does items() change the dictionary?",{"id":1974,"depth":86,"text":1975},"Master python dictionary items method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method",{"title":21576,"description":24132},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method","dz02pJ9l_vREwqXyX6imIcVo-A5kVMhXWIOii6zXDtM",{"id":24139,"title":24140,"body":24141,"description":26231,"extension":2064,"meta":26232,"navigation":111,"path":22956,"seo":26233,"stem":26234,"__hash__":26235},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method.md","Python Dictionary keys() Method",{"type":7,"value":24142,"toc":26197},[24143,24148,24154,24157,24168,24175,24177,24260,24264,24311,24316,24321,24326,24328,24344,24346,24445,24449,24506,24509,24511,24514,24607,24611,24674,24677,24693,24698,24700,24702,24717,24719,24730,24732,24775,24778,24821,24824,24826,24833,24836,24853,24855,24948,24952,24993,25005,25009,25012,25100,25104,25124,25127,25154,25161,25166,25170,25181,25183,25287,25291,25317,25320,25387,25392,25395,25418,25423,25427,25432,25438,25443,25445,25500,25504,25531,25538,25544,25547,25572,25578,25604,25607,25682,25689,25694,25696,25735,25753,25757,25760,25803,25806,25808,25827,25829,25834,25859,25862,25932,25935,26008,26012,26014,26075,26078,26094,26096,26101,26106,26113,26122,26128,26134,26141,26147,26151,26156,26158,26194],[10,24144,11393,24146,11397],{"id":24145},"python-dictionary-keys-method",[15,24147,17137],{},[20,24149,24150,24151,24153],{},"The Python dictionary ",[15,24152,17137],{}," method returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,24155,24156],{},"It is useful when you want to:",[158,24158,24159,24162,24165],{},[161,24160,24161],{},"view the available keys",[161,24163,24164],{},"loop through dictionary keys",[161,24166,24167],{},"check what fields exist in a dictionary",[20,24169,24170,24172,24173,425],{},[15,24171,17137],{}," does not return a regular list. It returns a special object called ",[15,24174,17086],{},[36,24176,2105],{"id":2104},[41,24178,24180],{"className":43,"code":24179,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkeys = student.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\nprint(list(keys))\n",[15,24181,24182,24218,24232,24236,24246],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,24183,24184,24186,24188,24190,24192,24194,24196,24198,24200,24202,24204,24206,24208,24210,24212,24214,24216],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,24185,12937],{"class":56},[50,24187,61],{"class":60},[50,24189,632],{"class":64},[50,24191,811],{"class":604},[50,24193,814],{"class":608},[50,24195,811],{"class":604},[50,24197,819],{"class":64},[50,24199,700],{"class":604},[50,24201,824],{"class":608},[50,24203,811],{"class":604},[50,24205,72],{"class":64},[50,24207,700],{"class":604},[50,24209,833],{"class":608},[50,24211,811],{"class":604},[50,24213,819],{"class":64},[50,24215,840],{"class":68},[50,24217,645],{"class":64},[50,24219,24220,24222,24224,24226,24228,24230],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,24221,17314],{"class":56},[50,24223,61],{"class":60},[50,24225,12979],{"class":56},[50,24227,425],{"class":64},[50,24229,16995],{"class":101},[50,24231,8722],{"class":64},[50,24233,24234],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,24235,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,24237,24238,24240,24242,24244],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,24239,118],{"class":94},[50,24241,98],{"class":64},[50,24243,16995],{"class":101},[50,24245,105],{"class":64},[50,24247,24248,24250,24252,24254,24256,24258],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,24249,118],{"class":94},[50,24251,98],{"class":64},[50,24253,437],{"class":557},[50,24255,98],{"class":64},[50,24257,16995],{"class":101},[50,24259,478],{"class":64},[20,24261,24262],{},[3824,24263,353],{},[41,24265,24267],{"className":43,"code":24266,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n['name', 'age']\n",[15,24268,24269,24291],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,24270,24271,24273,24275,24277,24279,24281,24283,24285,24287,24289],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,24272,17086],{"class":101},[50,24274,1792],{"class":64},[50,24276,611],{"class":604},[50,24278,814],{"class":608},[50,24280,611],{"class":604},[50,24282,72],{"class":64},[50,24284,605],{"class":604},[50,24286,833],{"class":608},[50,24288,611],{"class":604},[50,24290,3970],{"class":64},[50,24292,24293,24295,24297,24299,24301,24303,24305,24307,24309],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,24294,363],{"class":64},[50,24296,611],{"class":604},[50,24298,814],{"class":608},[50,24300,611],{"class":604},[50,24302,72],{"class":64},[50,24304,605],{"class":604},[50,24306,833],{"class":608},[50,24308,611],{"class":604},[50,24310,83],{"class":64},[20,24312,920,24313,24315],{},[15,24314,17137],{}," to get a view of all dictionary keys. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list output.",[36,24317,153,24319,156],{"id":24318},"what-keys-does",[15,24320,17137],{},[20,24322,24323,24325],{},[15,24324,17137],{}," is a dictionary method that returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,24327,11534],{},[158,24329,24330,24333,24336,24341],{},[161,24331,24332],{},"It returns all keys from a dictionary",[161,24334,24335],{},"It does not need any arguments",[161,24337,17491,24338,24340],{},[15,24339,17086],{}," view object, not a list",[161,24342,24343],{},"The view updates if the dictionary changes",[20,24345,1602],{},[41,24347,24349],{"className":43,"code":24348,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.keys())\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Paris\"\nprint(person.keys())\n",[15,24350,24351,24387,24391,24405,24409,24431],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,24352,24353,24355,24357,24359,24361,24363,24365,24367,24369,24371,24373,24375,24377,24379,24381,24383,24385],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,24354,804],{"class":56},[50,24356,61],{"class":60},[50,24358,632],{"class":64},[50,24360,811],{"class":604},[50,24362,814],{"class":608},[50,24364,811],{"class":604},[50,24366,819],{"class":64},[50,24368,700],{"class":604},[50,24370,13294],{"class":608},[50,24372,811],{"class":604},[50,24374,72],{"class":64},[50,24376,700],{"class":604},[50,24378,833],{"class":608},[50,24380,811],{"class":604},[50,24382,819],{"class":64},[50,24384,9384],{"class":68},[50,24386,645],{"class":64},[50,24388,24389],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,24390,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,24392,24393,24395,24397,24399,24401,24403],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,24394,118],{"class":94},[50,24396,98],{"class":64},[50,24398,873],{"class":101},[50,24400,425],{"class":64},[50,24402,16995],{"class":101},[50,24404,7273],{"class":64},[50,24406,24407],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,24408,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,24410,24411,24413,24415,24417,24419,24421,24423,24425,24427,24429],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,24412,873],{"class":56},[50,24414,363],{"class":64},[50,24416,811],{"class":604},[50,24418,847],{"class":608},[50,24420,811],{"class":604},[50,24422,13346],{"class":64},[50,24424,13349],{"class":60},[50,24426,700],{"class":604},[50,24428,10493],{"class":608},[50,24430,705],{"class":604},[50,24432,24433,24435,24437,24439,24441,24443],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,24434,118],{"class":94},[50,24436,98],{"class":64},[50,24438,873],{"class":101},[50,24440,425],{"class":64},[50,24442,16995],{"class":101},[50,24444,7273],{"class":64},[20,24446,24447],{},[3824,24448,353],{},[41,24450,24452],{"className":43,"code":24451,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_keys(['name', 'age', 'city'])\n",[15,24453,24454,24476],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,24455,24456,24458,24460,24462,24464,24466,24468,24470,24472,24474],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,24457,17086],{"class":101},[50,24459,1792],{"class":64},[50,24461,611],{"class":604},[50,24463,814],{"class":608},[50,24465,611],{"class":604},[50,24467,72],{"class":64},[50,24469,605],{"class":604},[50,24471,833],{"class":608},[50,24473,611],{"class":604},[50,24475,3970],{"class":64},[50,24477,24478,24480,24482,24484,24486,24488,24490,24492,24494,24496,24498,24500,24502,24504],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,24479,17086],{"class":101},[50,24481,1792],{"class":64},[50,24483,611],{"class":604},[50,24485,814],{"class":608},[50,24487,611],{"class":604},[50,24489,72],{"class":64},[50,24491,605],{"class":604},[50,24493,833],{"class":608},[50,24495,611],{"class":604},[50,24497,72],{"class":64},[50,24499,605],{"class":604},[50,24501,847],{"class":608},[50,24503,611],{"class":604},[50,24505,3970],{"class":64},[20,24507,24508],{},"Notice that the result updates after the dictionary changes.",[36,24510,5864],{"id":5863},[20,24512,24513],{},"Here is a simple example with a small dictionary:",[41,24515,24517],{"className":43,"code":24516,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"grade\": \"A\"}\n\nprint(data.keys())\nprint(list(data.keys()))\n",[15,24518,24519,24571,24575,24589],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,24520,24521,24523,24525,24527,24529,24531,24533,24535,24537,24539,24541,24543,24545,24547,24549,24551,24553,24555,24557,24559,24561,24563,24565,24567,24569],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,24522,9246],{"class":56},[50,24524,61],{"class":60},[50,24526,632],{"class":64},[50,24528,811],{"class":604},[50,24530,814],{"class":608},[50,24532,811],{"class":604},[50,24534,819],{"class":64},[50,24536,700],{"class":604},[50,24538,824],{"class":608},[50,24540,811],{"class":604},[50,24542,72],{"class":64},[50,24544,700],{"class":604},[50,24546,833],{"class":608},[50,24548,811],{"class":604},[50,24550,819],{"class":64},[50,24552,840],{"class":68},[50,24554,72],{"class":64},[50,24556,700],{"class":604},[50,24558,19961],{"class":608},[50,24560,811],{"class":604},[50,24562,819],{"class":64},[50,24564,700],{"class":604},[50,24566,22314],{"class":608},[50,24568,811],{"class":604},[50,24570,645],{"class":64},[50,24572,24573],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,24574,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,24576,24577,24579,24581,24583,24585,24587],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,24578,118],{"class":94},[50,24580,98],{"class":64},[50,24582,9284],{"class":101},[50,24584,425],{"class":64},[50,24586,16995],{"class":101},[50,24588,7273],{"class":64},[50,24590,24591,24593,24595,24597,24599,24601,24603,24605],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,24592,118],{"class":94},[50,24594,98],{"class":64},[50,24596,437],{"class":557},[50,24598,98],{"class":64},[50,24600,9284],{"class":101},[50,24602,425],{"class":64},[50,24604,16995],{"class":101},[50,24606,6367],{"class":64},[20,24608,24609],{},[3824,24610,353],{},[41,24612,24614],{"className":43,"code":24613,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"dict_keys(['name', 'age', 'grade'])\n['name', 'age', 'grade']\n",[15,24615,24616,24646],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,24617,24618,24620,24622,24624,24626,24628,24630,24632,24634,24636,24638,24640,24642,24644],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,24619,17086],{"class":101},[50,24621,1792],{"class":64},[50,24623,611],{"class":604},[50,24625,814],{"class":608},[50,24627,611],{"class":604},[50,24629,72],{"class":64},[50,24631,605],{"class":604},[50,24633,833],{"class":608},[50,24635,611],{"class":604},[50,24637,72],{"class":64},[50,24639,605],{"class":604},[50,24641,19961],{"class":608},[50,24643,611],{"class":604},[50,24645,3970],{"class":64},[50,24647,24648,24650,24652,24654,24656,24658,24660,24662,24664,24666,24668,24670,24672],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,24649,363],{"class":64},[50,24651,611],{"class":604},[50,24653,814],{"class":608},[50,24655,611],{"class":604},[50,24657,72],{"class":64},[50,24659,605],{"class":604},[50,24661,833],{"class":608},[50,24663,611],{"class":604},[50,24665,72],{"class":64},[50,24667,605],{"class":604},[50,24669,19961],{"class":608},[50,24671,611],{"class":604},[50,24673,83],{"class":64},[20,24675,24676],{},"This shows two things:",[158,24678,24679,24687],{},[161,24680,24681,22044,24684,24686],{},[15,24682,24683],{},"data.keys()",[15,24685,17086],{}," object",[161,24688,24689,24692],{},[15,24690,24691],{},"list(data.keys())"," converts it into a regular list",[20,24694,9232,24695,425],{},[421,24696,24697],{"href":9468},"how to create a dictionary in Python",[36,24699,5510],{"id":5509},[20,24701,2259],{},[41,24703,24705],{"className":43,"code":24704,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_dict.keys()\n",[15,24706,24707],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,24708,24709,24711,24713,24715],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,24710,11525],{"class":56},[50,24712,425],{"class":64},[50,24714,16995],{"class":101},[50,24716,8722],{"class":64},[20,24718,21869],{},[158,24720,24721,24724,24727],{},[161,24722,24723],{},"It works only on dictionaries",[161,24725,24726],{},"It takes no parameters",[161,24728,24729],{},"You must include the parentheses",[20,24731,16727],{},[41,24733,24735],{"className":43,"code":24734,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys())\n",[15,24736,24737,24761],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,24738,24739,24741,24743,24745,24747,24749,24751,24753,24755,24757,24759],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,24740,12937],{"class":56},[50,24742,61],{"class":60},[50,24744,632],{"class":64},[50,24746,811],{"class":604},[50,24748,814],{"class":608},[50,24750,811],{"class":604},[50,24752,819],{"class":64},[50,24754,700],{"class":604},[50,24756,824],{"class":608},[50,24758,811],{"class":604},[50,24760,645],{"class":64},[50,24762,24763,24765,24767,24769,24771,24773],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,24764,118],{"class":94},[50,24766,98],{"class":64},[50,24768,13699],{"class":101},[50,24770,425],{"class":64},[50,24772,16995],{"class":101},[50,24774,7273],{"class":64},[20,24776,24777],{},"Incorrect:",[41,24779,24781],{"className":43,"code":24780,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys)\n",[15,24782,24783,24807],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,24784,24785,24787,24789,24791,24793,24795,24797,24799,24801,24803,24805],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,24786,12937],{"class":56},[50,24788,61],{"class":60},[50,24790,632],{"class":64},[50,24792,811],{"class":604},[50,24794,814],{"class":608},[50,24796,811],{"class":604},[50,24798,819],{"class":64},[50,24800,700],{"class":604},[50,24802,824],{"class":608},[50,24804,811],{"class":604},[50,24806,645],{"class":64},[50,24808,24809,24811,24813,24815,24817,24819],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,24810,118],{"class":94},[50,24812,98],{"class":64},[50,24814,13699],{"class":101},[50,24816,425],{"class":64},[50,24818,16995],{"class":1400},[50,24820,105],{"class":64},[20,24822,24823],{},"Without parentheses, you are referring to the method itself, not calling it.",[36,24825,17488],{"id":17487},[20,24827,24828,22044,24830,24832],{},[15,24829,17137],{},[15,24831,17086],{}," object.",[20,24834,24835],{},"This object:",[158,24837,24838,24841,24844,24850],{},[161,24839,24840],{},"contains all keys in the dictionary",[161,24842,24843],{},"can be used in a loop",[161,24845,24846,24847],{},"can be converted with ",[15,24848,24849],{},"list()",[161,24851,24852],{},"is useful when checking available keys",[20,24854,1602],{},[41,24856,24858],{"className":43,"code":24857,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2020}\n\nresult = car.keys()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,24859,24860,24901,24905,24920,24924,24934],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,24861,24862,24865,24867,24869,24871,24874,24876,24878,24880,24883,24885,24887,24889,24892,24894,24896,24899],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,24863,24864],{"class":56},"car ",[50,24866,61],{"class":60},[50,24868,632],{"class":64},[50,24870,811],{"class":604},[50,24872,24873],{"class":608},"brand",[50,24875,811],{"class":604},[50,24877,819],{"class":64},[50,24879,700],{"class":604},[50,24881,24882],{"class":608},"Toyota",[50,24884,811],{"class":604},[50,24886,72],{"class":64},[50,24888,700],{"class":604},[50,24890,24891],{"class":608},"year",[50,24893,811],{"class":604},[50,24895,819],{"class":64},[50,24897,24898],{"class":68}," 2020",[50,24900,645],{"class":64},[50,24902,24903],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,24904,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,24906,24907,24909,24911,24914,24916,24918],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,24908,89],{"class":56},[50,24910,61],{"class":60},[50,24912,24913],{"class":56}," car",[50,24915,425],{"class":64},[50,24917,16995],{"class":101},[50,24919,8722],{"class":64},[50,24921,24922],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,24923,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,24925,24926,24928,24930,24932],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,24927,118],{"class":94},[50,24929,98],{"class":64},[50,24931,123],{"class":101},[50,24933,105],{"class":64},[50,24935,24936,24938,24940,24942,24944,24946],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,24937,118],{"class":94},[50,24939,98],{"class":64},[50,24941,558],{"class":557},[50,24943,98],{"class":64},[50,24945,123],{"class":101},[50,24947,478],{"class":64},[20,24949,24950],{},[3824,24951,353],{},[41,24953,24955],{"className":43,"code":24954,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"dict_keys(['brand', 'year'])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_keys'>\n",[15,24956,24957,24979],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,24958,24959,24961,24963,24965,24967,24969,24971,24973,24975,24977],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,24960,17086],{"class":101},[50,24962,1792],{"class":64},[50,24964,611],{"class":604},[50,24966,24873],{"class":608},[50,24968,611],{"class":604},[50,24970,72],{"class":64},[50,24972,605],{"class":604},[50,24974,24891],{"class":608},[50,24976,611],{"class":604},[50,24978,3970],{"class":64},[50,24980,24981,24983,24985,24987,24989,24991],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,24982,597],{"class":60},[50,24984,601],{"class":600},[50,24986,605],{"class":604},[50,24988,17086],{"class":608},[50,24990,611],{"class":604},[50,24992,614],{"class":60},[20,24994,24995,24996,25000,25001,425],{},"If you want dictionary values instead, see the ",[421,24997,10812,24998,10816],{"href":17140},[15,24999,17143],{},". If you want both keys and values together, see the ",[421,25002,10812,25003,10816],{"href":17147},[15,25004,17150],{},[36,25006,25008],{"id":25007},"looping-through-dictionary-keys","Looping through dictionary keys",[20,25010,25011],{},"You can loop through the keys like this:",[41,25013,25015],{"className":43,"code":25014,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"course\": \"Math\"}\n\nfor key in student.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,25016,25017,25070,25074,25090],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,25018,25019,25021,25023,25025,25027,25029,25031,25033,25035,25037,25039,25041,25043,25045,25047,25049,25051,25053,25055,25057,25059,25061,25063,25066,25068],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,25020,12937],{"class":56},[50,25022,61],{"class":60},[50,25024,632],{"class":64},[50,25026,811],{"class":604},[50,25028,814],{"class":608},[50,25030,811],{"class":604},[50,25032,819],{"class":64},[50,25034,700],{"class":604},[50,25036,824],{"class":608},[50,25038,811],{"class":604},[50,25040,72],{"class":64},[50,25042,700],{"class":604},[50,25044,833],{"class":608},[50,25046,811],{"class":604},[50,25048,819],{"class":64},[50,25050,840],{"class":68},[50,25052,72],{"class":64},[50,25054,700],{"class":604},[50,25056,15401],{"class":608},[50,25058,811],{"class":604},[50,25060,819],{"class":64},[50,25062,700],{"class":604},[50,25064,25065],{"class":608},"Math",[50,25067,811],{"class":604},[50,25069,645],{"class":64},[50,25071,25072],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,25073,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,25075,25076,25078,25080,25082,25084,25086,25088],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,25077,6035],{"class":3957},[50,25079,18278],{"class":56},[50,25081,3964],{"class":3957},[50,25083,12979],{"class":56},[50,25085,425],{"class":64},[50,25087,16995],{"class":101},[50,25089,21664],{"class":64},[50,25091,25092,25094,25096,25098],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,25093,8148],{"class":94},[50,25095,98],{"class":64},[50,25097,237],{"class":101},[50,25099,105],{"class":64},[20,25101,25102],{},[3824,25103,353],{},[41,25105,25107],{"className":43,"code":25106,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"name\nage\ncourse\n",[15,25108,25109,25114,25119],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,25110,25111],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,25112,25113],{"class":56},"name\n",[50,25115,25116],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,25117,25118],{"class":56},"age\n",[50,25120,25121],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,25122,25123],{"class":56},"course\n",[20,25125,25126],{},"In most cases, this also works:",[41,25128,25130],{"className":43,"code":25129,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"for key in student:\n    print(key)\n",[15,25131,25132,25144],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,25133,25134,25136,25138,25140,25142],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,25135,6035],{"class":3957},[50,25137,18278],{"class":56},[50,25139,3964],{"class":3957},[50,25141,12979],{"class":56},[50,25143,6470],{"class":64},[50,25145,25146,25148,25150,25152],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,25147,8148],{"class":94},[50,25149,98],{"class":64},[50,25151,237],{"class":101},[50,25153,105],{"class":64},[20,25155,25156,25157,25160],{},"Both are valid. For beginners, ",[15,25158,25159],{},"student.keys()"," is more explicit because it clearly shows that you are looping through keys.",[36,25162,5040,25164],{"id":25163},"when-to-use-keys",[15,25165,17137],{},[20,25167,920,25168,1504],{},[15,25169,17137],{},[158,25171,25172,25175,25178],{},[161,25173,25174],{},"you only need the dictionary keys",[161,25176,25177],{},"you want to display available fields",[161,25179,25180],{},"you want to inspect what keys exist in a dictionary",[20,25182,1602],{},[41,25184,25186],{"className":43,"code":25185,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99, \"stock\": 5}\n\nprint(\"Available fields:\")\nfor key in product.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,25187,25188,25241,25245,25260,25277],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,25189,25190,25193,25195,25197,25199,25201,25203,25205,25207,25210,25212,25214,25216,25219,25221,25223,25226,25228,25230,25233,25235,25237,25239],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,25191,25192],{"class":56},"product ",[50,25194,61],{"class":60},[50,25196,632],{"class":64},[50,25198,811],{"class":604},[50,25200,814],{"class":608},[50,25202,811],{"class":604},[50,25204,819],{"class":64},[50,25206,700],{"class":604},[50,25208,25209],{"class":608},"Book",[50,25211,811],{"class":604},[50,25213,72],{"class":64},[50,25215,700],{"class":604},[50,25217,25218],{"class":608},"price",[50,25220,811],{"class":604},[50,25222,819],{"class":64},[50,25224,25225],{"class":68}," 12.99",[50,25227,72],{"class":64},[50,25229,700],{"class":604},[50,25231,25232],{"class":608},"stock",[50,25234,811],{"class":604},[50,25236,819],{"class":64},[50,25238,375],{"class":68},[50,25240,645],{"class":64},[50,25242,25243],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,25244,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,25246,25247,25249,25251,25253,25256,25258],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,25248,118],{"class":94},[50,25250,98],{"class":64},[50,25252,811],{"class":604},[50,25254,25255],{"class":608},"Available fields:",[50,25257,811],{"class":604},[50,25259,105],{"class":64},[50,25261,25262,25264,25266,25268,25271,25273,25275],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,25263,6035],{"class":3957},[50,25265,18278],{"class":56},[50,25267,3964],{"class":3957},[50,25269,25270],{"class":56}," product",[50,25272,425],{"class":64},[50,25274,16995],{"class":101},[50,25276,21664],{"class":64},[50,25278,25279,25281,25283,25285],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,25280,8148],{"class":94},[50,25282,98],{"class":64},[50,25284,237],{"class":101},[50,25286,105],{"class":64},[20,25288,25289],{},[3824,25290,353],{},[41,25292,25294],{"className":43,"code":25293,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Available fields:\nname\nprice\nstock\n",[15,25295,25296,25303,25307,25312],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,25297,25298,25301],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,25299,25300],{"class":56},"Available fields",[50,25302,6470],{"class":64},[50,25304,25305],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,25306,25113],{"class":56},[50,25308,25309],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,25310,25311],{"class":56},"price\n",[50,25313,25314],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,25315,25316],{"class":56},"stock\n",[20,25318,25319],{},"You may also see membership checks like this:",[41,25321,25323],{"className":43,"code":25322,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99}\n\nprint(\"name\" in product.keys())\n",[15,25324,25325,25361,25365],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,25326,25327,25329,25331,25333,25335,25337,25339,25341,25343,25345,25347,25349,25351,25353,25355,25357,25359],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,25328,25192],{"class":56},[50,25330,61],{"class":60},[50,25332,632],{"class":64},[50,25334,811],{"class":604},[50,25336,814],{"class":608},[50,25338,811],{"class":604},[50,25340,819],{"class":64},[50,25342,700],{"class":604},[50,25344,25209],{"class":608},[50,25346,811],{"class":604},[50,25348,72],{"class":64},[50,25350,700],{"class":604},[50,25352,25218],{"class":608},[50,25354,811],{"class":604},[50,25356,819],{"class":64},[50,25358,25225],{"class":68},[50,25360,645],{"class":64},[50,25362,25363],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,25364,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,25366,25367,25369,25371,25373,25375,25377,25379,25381,25383,25385],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,25368,118],{"class":94},[50,25370,98],{"class":64},[50,25372,811],{"class":604},[50,25374,814],{"class":608},[50,25376,811],{"class":604},[50,25378,21243],{"class":3957},[50,25380,25270],{"class":101},[50,25382,425],{"class":64},[50,25384,16995],{"class":101},[50,25386,7273],{"class":64},[20,25388,25389,25390,425],{},"This works and returns ",[15,25391,247],{},[20,25393,25394],{},"However, this is usually simpler:",[41,25396,25398],{"className":43,"code":25397,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(\"name\" in product)\n",[15,25399,25400],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,25401,25402,25404,25406,25408,25410,25412,25414,25416],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,25403,118],{"class":94},[50,25405,98],{"class":64},[50,25407,811],{"class":604},[50,25409,814],{"class":608},[50,25411,811],{"class":604},[50,25413,21243],{"class":3957},[50,25415,25270],{"class":101},[50,25417,105],{"class":64},[20,25419,25420,25421,425],{},"If you want to learn that pattern, see ",[421,25422,21276],{"href":17225},[36,25424,25426],{"id":25425},"common-beginner-confusion","Common beginner confusion",[20,25428,25429,25430,425],{},"Here are some common mistakes beginners make with ",[15,25431,17137],{},[222,25433,8532,25435,25437],{"id":25434},"expecting-keys-to-return-key-value-pairs",[15,25436,17137],{}," to return key-value pairs",[20,25439,25440,25442],{},[15,25441,17137],{}," returns only the keys.",[20,25444,1602],{},[41,25446,25448],{"className":43,"code":25447,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(data.keys())\n",[15,25449,25450,25486],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,25451,25452,25454,25456,25458,25460,25462,25464,25466,25468,25470,25472,25474,25476,25478,25480,25482,25484],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,25453,9246],{"class":56},[50,25455,61],{"class":60},[50,25457,632],{"class":64},[50,25459,811],{"class":604},[50,25461,814],{"class":608},[50,25463,811],{"class":604},[50,25465,819],{"class":64},[50,25467,700],{"class":604},[50,25469,824],{"class":608},[50,25471,811],{"class":604},[50,25473,72],{"class":64},[50,25475,700],{"class":604},[50,25477,833],{"class":608},[50,25479,811],{"class":604},[50,25481,819],{"class":64},[50,25483,840],{"class":68},[50,25485,645],{"class":64},[50,25487,25488,25490,25492,25494,25496,25498],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,25489,118],{"class":94},[50,25491,98],{"class":64},[50,25493,9284],{"class":101},[50,25495,425],{"class":64},[50,25497,16995],{"class":101},[50,25499,7273],{"class":64},[20,25501,25502],{},[3824,25503,353],{},[41,25505,25507],{"className":43,"code":25506,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n",[15,25508,25509],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,25510,25511,25513,25515,25517,25519,25521,25523,25525,25527,25529],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,25512,17086],{"class":101},[50,25514,1792],{"class":64},[50,25516,611],{"class":604},[50,25518,814],{"class":608},[50,25520,611],{"class":604},[50,25522,72],{"class":64},[50,25524,605],{"class":604},[50,25526,833],{"class":608},[50,25528,611],{"class":604},[50,25530,3970],{"class":64},[20,25532,25533,25534,425],{},"If you want both keys and values, use ",[421,25535,25536],{"href":17147},[15,25537,17150],{},[222,25539,25541,25542],{"id":25540},"expecting-a-list-instead-of-dict_keys","Expecting a list instead of ",[15,25543,17086],{},[20,25545,25546],{},"Many beginners expect this:",[41,25548,25550],{"className":43,"code":25549,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['name', 'age']\n",[15,25551,25552],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,25553,25554,25556,25558,25560,25562,25564,25566,25568,25570],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,25555,363],{"class":64},[50,25557,611],{"class":604},[50,25559,814],{"class":608},[50,25561,611],{"class":604},[50,25563,72],{"class":64},[50,25565,605],{"class":604},[50,25567,833],{"class":608},[50,25569,611],{"class":604},[50,25571,83],{"class":64},[20,25573,25574,25575,25577],{},"But ",[15,25576,17137],{}," returns:",[41,25579,25580],{"className":43,"code":25506,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,25581,25582],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,25583,25584,25586,25588,25590,25592,25594,25596,25598,25600,25602],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,25585,17086],{"class":101},[50,25587,1792],{"class":64},[50,25589,611],{"class":604},[50,25591,814],{"class":608},[50,25593,611],{"class":604},[50,25595,72],{"class":64},[50,25597,605],{"class":604},[50,25599,833],{"class":608},[50,25601,611],{"class":604},[50,25603,3970],{"class":64},[20,25605,25606],{},"If you need a real list, convert it:",[41,25608,25610],{"className":43,"code":25609,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkey_list = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(key_list)\n",[15,25611,25612,25648,25667,25671],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,25613,25614,25616,25618,25620,25622,25624,25626,25628,25630,25632,25634,25636,25638,25640,25642,25644,25646],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,25615,9246],{"class":56},[50,25617,61],{"class":60},[50,25619,632],{"class":64},[50,25621,811],{"class":604},[50,25623,814],{"class":608},[50,25625,811],{"class":604},[50,25627,819],{"class":64},[50,25629,700],{"class":604},[50,25631,824],{"class":608},[50,25633,811],{"class":604},[50,25635,72],{"class":64},[50,25637,700],{"class":604},[50,25639,833],{"class":608},[50,25641,811],{"class":604},[50,25643,819],{"class":64},[50,25645,840],{"class":68},[50,25647,645],{"class":64},[50,25649,25650,25653,25655,25657,25659,25661,25663,25665],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,25651,25652],{"class":56},"key_list ",[50,25654,61],{"class":60},[50,25656,22629],{"class":557},[50,25658,98],{"class":64},[50,25660,9284],{"class":101},[50,25662,425],{"class":64},[50,25664,16995],{"class":101},[50,25666,7273],{"class":64},[50,25668,25669],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,25670,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,25672,25673,25675,25677,25680],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,25674,118],{"class":94},[50,25676,98],{"class":64},[50,25678,25679],{"class":101},"key_list",[50,25681,105],{"class":64},[222,25683,25685,25686,25688],{"id":25684},"trying-to-use-keys-on-a-list-or-string","Trying to use ",[15,25687,17137],{}," on a list or string",[20,25690,25691,25693],{},[15,25692,17137],{}," only works on dictionaries.",[20,25695,2934],{},[41,25697,25699],{"className":43,"code":25698,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.keys())\n",[15,25700,25701,25721],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,25702,25703,25705,25707,25709,25711,25713,25715,25717,25719],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,25704,57],{"class":56},[50,25706,61],{"class":60},[50,25708,65],{"class":64},[50,25710,366],{"class":68},[50,25712,72],{"class":64},[50,25714,80],{"class":68},[50,25716,72],{"class":64},[50,25718,500],{"class":68},[50,25720,83],{"class":64},[50,25722,25723,25725,25727,25729,25731,25733],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,25724,118],{"class":94},[50,25726,98],{"class":64},[50,25728,102],{"class":101},[50,25730,425],{"class":64},[50,25732,16995],{"class":101},[50,25734,7273],{"class":64},[20,25736,25737,25738,25741,25742,25744,25745,425],{},"You may get an ",[15,25739,25740],{},"AttributeError"," because lists do not have a ",[15,25743,17137],{}," method. If that happens, see ",[421,25746,25748,25749,25752],{"href":25747},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","how to fix ",[15,25750,25751],{},"'object has no attribute'"," errors in Python",[222,25754,25756],{"id":25755},"forgetting-parentheses","Forgetting parentheses",[20,25758,25759],{},"This is a very common mistake:",[41,25761,25763],{"className":43,"code":25762,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(data.keys)\n",[15,25764,25765,25789],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,25766,25767,25769,25771,25773,25775,25777,25779,25781,25783,25785,25787],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,25768,9246],{"class":56},[50,25770,61],{"class":60},[50,25772,632],{"class":64},[50,25774,811],{"class":604},[50,25776,814],{"class":608},[50,25778,811],{"class":604},[50,25780,819],{"class":64},[50,25782,700],{"class":604},[50,25784,824],{"class":608},[50,25786,811],{"class":604},[50,25788,645],{"class":64},[50,25790,25791,25793,25795,25797,25799,25801],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,25792,118],{"class":94},[50,25794,98],{"class":64},[50,25796,9284],{"class":101},[50,25798,425],{"class":64},[50,25800,16995],{"class":1400},[50,25802,105],{"class":64},[20,25804,25805],{},"That prints the method object, not the keys.",[20,25807,18764],{},[41,25809,25811],{"className":43,"code":25810,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(data.keys())\n",[15,25812,25813],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,25814,25815,25817,25819,25821,25823,25825],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,25816,118],{"class":94},[50,25818,98],{"class":64},[50,25820,9284],{"class":101},[50,25822,425],{"class":64},[50,25824,16995],{"class":101},[50,25826,7273],{"class":64},[36,25828,1743],{"id":1742},[20,25830,25831,25832,819],{},"These are the most common problems related to ",[15,25833,17137],{},[158,25835,25836,25841,25847,25853],{},[161,25837,914,25838,25840],{},[15,25839,17137],{}," on a non-dictionary object",[161,25842,25843,25844,25846],{},"Thinking ",[15,25845,17137],{}," returns values too",[161,25848,25849,25850,25852],{},"Trying to index ",[15,25851,17086],{}," like a normal list",[161,25854,25855,25856,25858],{},"Forgetting to convert ",[15,25857,17086],{}," to a list when needed",[20,25860,25861],{},"For example, this may not work the way you expect:",[41,25863,25865],{"className":43,"code":25864,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = data.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\n# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[15,25866,25867,25899,25913,25917,25927],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,25868,25869,25871,25873,25875,25877,25879,25881,25883,25885,25887,25889,25891,25893,25895,25897],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,25870,9246],{"class":56},[50,25872,61],{"class":60},[50,25874,632],{"class":64},[50,25876,811],{"class":604},[50,25878,421],{"class":608},[50,25880,811],{"class":604},[50,25882,819],{"class":64},[50,25884,75],{"class":68},[50,25886,72],{"class":64},[50,25888,700],{"class":604},[50,25890,4839],{"class":608},[50,25892,811],{"class":604},[50,25894,819],{"class":64},[50,25896,80],{"class":68},[50,25898,645],{"class":64},[50,25900,25901,25903,25905,25907,25909,25911],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,25902,17314],{"class":56},[50,25904,61],{"class":60},[50,25906,14639],{"class":56},[50,25908,425],{"class":64},[50,25910,16995],{"class":101},[50,25912,8722],{"class":64},[50,25914,25915],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,25916,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,25918,25919,25921,25923,25925],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,25920,118],{"class":94},[50,25922,98],{"class":64},[50,25924,16995],{"class":101},[50,25926,105],{"class":64},[50,25928,25929],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,25930,25931],{"class":129},"# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[20,25933,25934],{},"If you need indexing, convert first:",[41,25936,25938],{"className":43,"code":25937,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(keys[0])\n",[15,25939,25940,25972,25990,25994],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,25941,25942,25944,25946,25948,25950,25952,25954,25956,25958,25960,25962,25964,25966,25968,25970],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,25943,9246],{"class":56},[50,25945,61],{"class":60},[50,25947,632],{"class":64},[50,25949,811],{"class":604},[50,25951,421],{"class":608},[50,25953,811],{"class":604},[50,25955,819],{"class":64},[50,25957,75],{"class":68},[50,25959,72],{"class":64},[50,25961,700],{"class":604},[50,25963,4839],{"class":608},[50,25965,811],{"class":604},[50,25967,819],{"class":64},[50,25969,80],{"class":68},[50,25971,645],{"class":64},[50,25973,25974,25976,25978,25980,25982,25984,25986,25988],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,25975,17314],{"class":56},[50,25977,61],{"class":60},[50,25979,22629],{"class":557},[50,25981,98],{"class":64},[50,25983,9284],{"class":101},[50,25985,425],{"class":64},[50,25987,16995],{"class":101},[50,25989,7273],{"class":64},[50,25991,25992],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,25993,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,25995,25996,25998,26000,26002,26004,26006],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,25997,118],{"class":94},[50,25999,98],{"class":64},[50,26001,16995],{"class":101},[50,26003,363],{"class":64},[50,26005,2220],{"class":68},[50,26007,3970],{"class":64},[36,26009,26011],{"id":26010},"debugging-tips","Debugging tips",[20,26013,11188],{},[41,26015,26017],{"className":43,"code":26016,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(list(my_dict.keys()))\n",[15,26018,26019,26033,26043,26057],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,26020,26021,26023,26025,26027,26029,26031],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,26022,118],{"class":94},[50,26024,98],{"class":64},[50,26026,558],{"class":557},[50,26028,98],{"class":64},[50,26030,11525],{"class":101},[50,26032,478],{"class":64},[50,26034,26035,26037,26039,26041],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,26036,118],{"class":94},[50,26038,98],{"class":64},[50,26040,11525],{"class":101},[50,26042,105],{"class":64},[50,26044,26045,26047,26049,26051,26053,26055],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,26046,118],{"class":94},[50,26048,98],{"class":64},[50,26050,11525],{"class":101},[50,26052,425],{"class":64},[50,26054,16995],{"class":101},[50,26056,7273],{"class":64},[50,26058,26059,26061,26063,26065,26067,26069,26071,26073],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,26060,118],{"class":94},[50,26062,98],{"class":64},[50,26064,437],{"class":557},[50,26066,98],{"class":64},[50,26068,11525],{"class":101},[50,26070,425],{"class":64},[50,26072,16995],{"class":101},[50,26074,6367],{"class":64},[20,26076,26077],{},"These help you confirm:",[158,26079,26080,26083,26086,26091],{},[161,26081,26082],{},"whether the variable is really a dictionary",[161,26084,26085],{},"what data it contains",[161,26087,26088,26089,11780],{},"what ",[15,26090,17137],{},[161,26092,26093],{},"what the keys look like as a list",[36,26095,1913],{"id":1912},[222,26097,23987,26099,5224],{"id":26098},"what-does-dictionary-keys-return-in-python",[15,26100,17137],{},[20,26102,17491,26103,26105],{},[15,26104,17086],{}," view object containing all keys in the dictionary.",[222,26107,14975,26109,26112],{"id":26108},"is-dictkeys-a-list",[15,26110,26111],{},"dict.keys()"," a list?",[20,26114,26115,26116,26118,26119,425],{},"No. It returns a ",[15,26117,17086],{}," object. You can convert it with ",[15,26120,26121],{},"list(dict.keys())",[222,26123,26125,26126,1943],{"id":26124},"can-i-loop-through-dictkeys","Can I loop through ",[15,26127,26111],{},[20,26129,26130,26131,26133],{},"Yes. You can use it in a ",[15,26132,6035],{}," loop.",[222,26135,26137,26138,26140],{"id":26136},"do-i-need-to-use-keys-to-loop-through-a-dictionary","Do I need to use ",[15,26139,17137],{}," to loop through a dictionary?",[20,26142,26143,26144,26146],{},"No. You can loop directly over the dictionary, but ",[15,26145,17137],{}," makes your intent clearer.",[222,26148,26150],{"id":26149},"how-do-i-get-the-keys-as-a-list","How do I get the keys as a list?",[20,26152,920,26153,425],{},[15,26154,26155],{},"list(my_dict.keys())",[36,26157,1975],{"id":1974},[158,26159,26160,26165,26171,26177,26183,26187],{},[161,26161,26162],{},[421,26163,26164],{"href":9468},"How to create a dictionary in Python",[161,26166,26167],{},[421,26168,10812,26169,10816],{"href":17140},[15,26170,17143],{},[161,26172,26173],{},[421,26174,10812,26175,10816],{"href":17147},[15,26176,17150],{},[161,26178,26179],{},[421,26180,26182],{"href":26181},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-keys-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all keys from a dictionary in Python",[161,26184,26185],{},[421,26186,17226],{"href":17225},[161,26188,26189],{},[421,26190,26191,26192,25752],{"href":25747},"How to fix ",[15,26193,25751],{},[2018,26195,26196],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":26198},[26199,26200,26202,26203,26204,26205,26206,26208,26217,26218,26219,26230],{"id":2104,"depth":86,"text":2105},{"id":24318,"depth":86,"text":26201},"What keys() does",{"id":5863,"depth":86,"text":5864},{"id":5509,"depth":86,"text":5510},{"id":17487,"depth":86,"text":17488},{"id":25007,"depth":86,"text":25008},{"id":25163,"depth":86,"text":26207},"When to use keys()",{"id":25425,"depth":86,"text":25426,"children":26209},[26210,26212,26214,26216],{"id":25434,"depth":108,"text":26211},"Expecting keys() to return key-value pairs",{"id":25540,"depth":108,"text":26213},"Expecting a list instead of dict_keys",{"id":25684,"depth":108,"text":26215},"Trying to use keys() on a list or string",{"id":25755,"depth":108,"text":25756},{"id":1742,"depth":86,"text":1743},{"id":26010,"depth":86,"text":26011},{"id":1912,"depth":86,"text":1913,"children":26220},[26221,26223,26225,26227,26229],{"id":26098,"depth":108,"text":26222},"What does dictionary keys() return in Python?",{"id":26108,"depth":108,"text":26224},"Is dict.keys() a list?",{"id":26124,"depth":108,"text":26226},"Can I loop through dict.keys()?",{"id":26136,"depth":108,"text":26228},"Do I need to use keys() to loop through a dictionary?",{"id":26149,"depth":108,"text":26150},{"id":1974,"depth":86,"text":1975},"Master python dictionary keys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":24140,"description":26231},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method","yoVvP2jVvnq--2L4aIR-uzvril2Qb_tpY3cJkvKn9RU",{"id":26237,"title":26238,"body":26239,"description":28512,"extension":2064,"meta":28513,"navigation":111,"path":28514,"seo":28515,"stem":28516,"__hash__":28517},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method.md","Python Dictionary pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":26240,"toc":28465},[26241,26246,26251,26254,26256,26402,26415,26420,26424,26438,26440,26543,26552,26554,26557,26595,26620,26622,26729,26731,26738,26741,26749,26751,26892,26900,26905,26909,26920,26922,27084,27087,27095,27102,27108,27205,27211,27288,27291,27303,27308,27314,27317,27321,27410,27413,27417,27521,27528,27615,27624,27626,27631,27637,27640,27686,27689,27755,27764,27770,27863,27869,27875,27918,27921,27986,27992,28084,28087,28091,28097,28122,28125,28221,28228,28230,28235,28326,28328,28356,28361,28363,28370,28373,28377,28387,28392,28395,28402,28412,28419,28427,28429,28462],[10,26242,11393,26244,11397],{"id":26243},"python-dictionary-pop-method",[15,26245,12836],{},[20,26247,26248,26250],{},[15,26249,12644],{}," removes a key from a dictionary and returns the value that was stored under that key.",[20,26252,26253],{},"This method is useful when you want to delete a key and still keep its value for later use. It is also a common way to remove a key safely when you provide a default value.",[36,26255,39],{"id":38},[41,26257,26259],{"className":43,"code":26258,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nremoved_age = person.pop(\"age\")\nprint(removed_age)   # 25\nprint(person)        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n\n# Safe version with default value\ncountry = person.pop(\"country\", \"Not found\")\nprint(country)       # Not found\n",[15,26260,26261,26297,26321,26335,26348,26352,26357,26389],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,26262,26263,26265,26267,26269,26271,26273,26275,26277,26279,26281,26283,26285,26287,26289,26291,26293,26295],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,26264,804],{"class":56},[50,26266,61],{"class":60},[50,26268,632],{"class":64},[50,26270,811],{"class":604},[50,26272,814],{"class":608},[50,26274,811],{"class":604},[50,26276,819],{"class":64},[50,26278,700],{"class":604},[50,26280,824],{"class":608},[50,26282,811],{"class":604},[50,26284,72],{"class":64},[50,26286,700],{"class":604},[50,26288,833],{"class":608},[50,26290,811],{"class":604},[50,26292,819],{"class":64},[50,26294,9384],{"class":68},[50,26296,645],{"class":64},[50,26298,26299,26302,26304,26306,26308,26311,26313,26315,26317,26319],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,26300,26301],{"class":56},"removed_age ",[50,26303,61],{"class":60},[50,26305,13320],{"class":56},[50,26307,425],{"class":64},[50,26309,26310],{"class":101},"pop",[50,26312,98],{"class":64},[50,26314,811],{"class":604},[50,26316,833],{"class":608},[50,26318,811],{"class":604},[50,26320,105],{"class":64},[50,26322,26323,26325,26327,26330,26332],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,26324,118],{"class":94},[50,26326,98],{"class":64},[50,26328,26329],{"class":101},"removed_age",[50,26331,126],{"class":64},[50,26333,26334],{"class":129},"   # 25\n",[50,26336,26337,26339,26341,26343,26345],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,26338,118],{"class":94},[50,26340,98],{"class":64},[50,26342,873],{"class":101},[50,26344,126],{"class":64},[50,26346,26347],{"class":129},"        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[50,26349,26350],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,26351,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,26353,26354],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,26355,26356],{"class":129},"# Safe version with default value\n",[50,26358,26359,26362,26364,26366,26368,26370,26372,26374,26376,26378,26380,26382,26385,26387],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,26360,26361],{"class":56},"country ",[50,26363,61],{"class":60},[50,26365,13320],{"class":56},[50,26367,425],{"class":64},[50,26369,26310],{"class":101},[50,26371,98],{"class":64},[50,26373,811],{"class":604},[50,26375,15334],{"class":608},[50,26377,811],{"class":604},[50,26379,72],{"class":64},[50,26381,700],{"class":604},[50,26383,26384],{"class":608},"Not found",[50,26386,811],{"class":604},[50,26388,105],{"class":64},[50,26390,26391,26393,26395,26397,26399],{"class":52,"line":6503},[50,26392,118],{"class":94},[50,26394,98],{"class":64},[50,26396,15334],{"class":101},[50,26398,126],{"class":64},[50,26400,26401],{"class":129},"       # Not found\n",[20,26403,920,26404,26407,26408,26411,26412,26414],{},[15,26405,26406],{},"pop(key)"," to remove a key and get its value. Use ",[15,26409,26410],{},"pop(key, default)"," to avoid a ",[15,26413,19757],{}," when the key might not exist.",[36,26416,153,26418,156],{"id":26417},"what-dictpop-does",[15,26419,12644],{},[20,26421,26422,819],{},[15,26423,12644],{},[158,26425,26426,26429,26432,26435],{},[161,26427,26428],{},"Removes one key from a dictionary",[161,26430,26431],{},"Returns the value that belonged to that key",[161,26433,26434],{},"Changes the original dictionary",[161,26436,26437],{},"Works only with dictionary keys, not positions",[20,26439,1602],{},[41,26441,26443],{"className":43,"code":26442,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"user = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"city\": \"Paris\"}\n\nremoved_city = user.pop(\"city\")\n\nprint(removed_city)  # Paris\nprint(user)          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[15,26444,26445,26485,26489,26512,26516,26530],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,26446,26447,26449,26451,26453,26455,26457,26459,26461,26463,26465,26467,26469,26471,26473,26475,26477,26479,26481,26483],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,26448,11562],{"class":56},[50,26450,61],{"class":60},[50,26452,632],{"class":64},[50,26454,811],{"class":604},[50,26456,814],{"class":608},[50,26458,811],{"class":604},[50,26460,819],{"class":64},[50,26462,700],{"class":604},[50,26464,13294],{"class":608},[50,26466,811],{"class":604},[50,26468,72],{"class":64},[50,26470,700],{"class":604},[50,26472,847],{"class":608},[50,26474,811],{"class":604},[50,26476,819],{"class":64},[50,26478,700],{"class":604},[50,26480,10493],{"class":608},[50,26482,811],{"class":604},[50,26484,645],{"class":64},[50,26486,26487],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,26488,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,26490,26491,26494,26496,26498,26500,26502,26504,26506,26508,26510],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,26492,26493],{"class":56},"removed_city ",[50,26495,61],{"class":60},[50,26497,11645],{"class":56},[50,26499,425],{"class":64},[50,26501,26310],{"class":101},[50,26503,98],{"class":64},[50,26505,811],{"class":604},[50,26507,847],{"class":608},[50,26509,811],{"class":604},[50,26511,105],{"class":64},[50,26513,26514],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,26515,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,26517,26518,26520,26522,26525,26527],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,26519,118],{"class":94},[50,26521,98],{"class":64},[50,26523,26524],{"class":101},"removed_city",[50,26526,126],{"class":64},[50,26528,26529],{"class":129},"  # Paris\n",[50,26531,26532,26534,26536,26538,26540],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,26533,118],{"class":94},[50,26535,98],{"class":64},[50,26537,11656],{"class":101},[50,26539,126],{"class":64},[50,26541,26542],{"class":129},"          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[20,26544,1325,26545,26548,26549,425],{},[15,26546,26547],{},"\"city\""," is the key being removed. The method returns its value, which is ",[15,26550,26551],{},"\"Paris\"",[36,26553,181],{"id":180},[20,26555,26556],{},"There are two common forms:",[41,26558,26560],{"className":43,"code":26559,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_dict.pop(key)\nmy_dict.pop(key, default)\n",[15,26561,26562,26576],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,26563,26564,26566,26568,26570,26572,26574],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,26565,11525],{"class":56},[50,26567,425],{"class":64},[50,26569,26310],{"class":101},[50,26571,98],{"class":64},[50,26573,237],{"class":101},[50,26575,105],{"class":64},[50,26577,26578,26580,26582,26584,26586,26588,26590,26593],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,26579,11525],{"class":56},[50,26581,425],{"class":64},[50,26583,26310],{"class":101},[50,26585,98],{"class":64},[50,26587,237],{"class":101},[50,26589,72],{"class":64},[50,26591,26592],{"class":101}," default",[50,26594,105],{"class":64},[158,26596,26597,26603,26611,26617],{},[161,26598,26599,26602],{},[15,26600,26601],{},"dict.pop(key)"," removes the key if it exists",[161,26604,26605,26607,26608,26610],{},[15,26606,26601],{}," raises ",[15,26609,19757],{}," if the key is missing",[161,26612,26613,26616],{},[15,26614,26615],{},"dict.pop(key, default)"," returns the default value if the key is missing",[161,26618,26619],{},"The second form is safer when you are not sure the key exists",[20,26621,1602],{},[41,26623,26625],{"className":43,"code":26624,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"science\": 85}\n\nprint(scores.pop(\"math\"))         # 90\nprint(scores.pop(\"history\", 0))   # 0\nprint(scores)                     # {'science': 85}\n",[15,26626,26627,26659,26663,26688,26716],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,26628,26629,26631,26633,26635,26637,26639,26641,26643,26645,26647,26649,26651,26653,26655,26657],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,26630,5143],{"class":56},[50,26632,61],{"class":60},[50,26634,632],{"class":64},[50,26636,811],{"class":604},[50,26638,18486],{"class":608},[50,26640,811],{"class":604},[50,26642,819],{"class":64},[50,26644,19968],{"class":68},[50,26646,72],{"class":64},[50,26648,700],{"class":604},[50,26650,18495],{"class":608},[50,26652,811],{"class":604},[50,26654,819],{"class":64},[50,26656,13580],{"class":68},[50,26658,645],{"class":64},[50,26660,26661],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,26662,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,26664,26665,26667,26669,26671,26673,26675,26677,26679,26681,26683,26685],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,26666,118],{"class":94},[50,26668,98],{"class":64},[50,26670,16460],{"class":101},[50,26672,425],{"class":64},[50,26674,26310],{"class":101},[50,26676,98],{"class":64},[50,26678,811],{"class":604},[50,26680,18486],{"class":608},[50,26682,811],{"class":604},[50,26684,5440],{"class":64},[50,26686,26687],{"class":129},"         # 90\n",[50,26689,26690,26692,26694,26696,26698,26700,26702,26704,26706,26708,26710,26712,26714],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,26691,118],{"class":94},[50,26693,98],{"class":64},[50,26695,16460],{"class":101},[50,26697,425],{"class":64},[50,26699,26310],{"class":101},[50,26701,98],{"class":64},[50,26703,811],{"class":604},[50,26705,18504],{"class":608},[50,26707,811],{"class":604},[50,26709,72],{"class":64},[50,26711,3914],{"class":68},[50,26713,5440],{"class":64},[50,26715,20838],{"class":129},[50,26717,26718,26720,26722,26724,26726],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,26719,118],{"class":94},[50,26721,98],{"class":64},[50,26723,16460],{"class":101},[50,26725,126],{"class":64},[50,26727,26728],{"class":129},"                     # {'science': 85}\n",[36,26730,17488],{"id":17487},[20,26732,26733,14126,26735,26737],{},[15,26734,12836],{},[3824,26736,4709],{}," return the updated dictionary.",[20,26739,26740],{},"Instead, it returns:",[158,26742,26743,26746],{},[161,26744,26745],{},"The removed value when the key exists",[161,26747,26748],{},"The default value if you provided one and the key is missing",[20,26750,1602],{},[41,26752,26754],{"className":43,"code":26753,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {\"a\": 10, \"b\": 20}\n\nresult1 = data.pop(\"a\")\nresult2 = data.pop(\"c\", \"missing\")\n\nprint(result1)  # 10\nprint(result2)  # missing\nprint(data)     # {'b': 20}\n",[15,26755,26756,26788,26792,26815,26847,26851,26865,26879],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,26757,26758,26760,26762,26764,26766,26768,26770,26772,26774,26776,26778,26780,26782,26784,26786],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,26759,9246],{"class":56},[50,26761,61],{"class":60},[50,26763,632],{"class":64},[50,26765,811],{"class":604},[50,26767,421],{"class":608},[50,26769,811],{"class":604},[50,26771,819],{"class":64},[50,26773,6082],{"class":68},[50,26775,72],{"class":64},[50,26777,700],{"class":604},[50,26779,4839],{"class":608},[50,26781,811],{"class":604},[50,26783,819],{"class":64},[50,26785,840],{"class":68},[50,26787,645],{"class":64},[50,26789,26790],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,26791,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,26793,26794,26797,26799,26801,26803,26805,26807,26809,26811,26813],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,26795,26796],{"class":56},"result1 ",[50,26798,61],{"class":60},[50,26800,14639],{"class":56},[50,26802,425],{"class":64},[50,26804,26310],{"class":101},[50,26806,98],{"class":64},[50,26808,811],{"class":604},[50,26810,421],{"class":608},[50,26812,811],{"class":604},[50,26814,105],{"class":64},[50,26816,26817,26820,26822,26824,26826,26828,26830,26832,26834,26836,26838,26840,26843,26845],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,26818,26819],{"class":56},"result2 ",[50,26821,61],{"class":60},[50,26823,14639],{"class":56},[50,26825,425],{"class":64},[50,26827,26310],{"class":101},[50,26829,98],{"class":64},[50,26831,811],{"class":604},[50,26833,9817],{"class":608},[50,26835,811],{"class":604},[50,26837,72],{"class":64},[50,26839,700],{"class":604},[50,26841,26842],{"class":608},"missing",[50,26844,811],{"class":604},[50,26846,105],{"class":64},[50,26848,26849],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,26850,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,26852,26853,26855,26857,26860,26862],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,26854,118],{"class":94},[50,26856,98],{"class":64},[50,26858,26859],{"class":101},"result1",[50,26861,126],{"class":64},[50,26863,26864],{"class":129},"  # 10\n",[50,26866,26867,26869,26871,26874,26876],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,26868,118],{"class":94},[50,26870,98],{"class":64},[50,26872,26873],{"class":101},"result2",[50,26875,126],{"class":64},[50,26877,26878],{"class":129},"  # missing\n",[50,26880,26881,26883,26885,26887,26889],{"class":52,"line":6503},[50,26882,118],{"class":94},[50,26884,98],{"class":64},[50,26886,9284],{"class":101},[50,26888,126],{"class":64},[50,26890,26891],{"class":129},"     # {'b': 20}\n",[20,26893,26894,26895,6709],{},"If you only want to read a value without removing it, use ",[421,26896,26897],{"href":10811},[15,26898,26899],{},"dict.get()",[36,26901,5040,26903],{"id":26902},"when-to-use-pop",[15,26904,12836],{},[20,26906,920,26907,1504],{},[15,26908,12836],{},[158,26910,26911,26914,26917],{},[161,26912,26913],{},"You want to remove a key and keep its value",[161,26915,26916],{},"You are processing dictionary data step by step",[161,26918,26919],{},"You are cleaning or extracting values from a dictionary",[20,26921,1602],{},[41,26923,26925],{"className":43,"code":26924,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"product = {\"name\": \"Laptop\", \"price\": 1200, \"discount\": 200}\n\ndiscount_amount = product.pop(\"discount\", 0)\n\nfinal_price = product[\"price\"] - discount_amount\n\nprint(discount_amount)  # 200\nprint(final_price)      # 1000\nprint(product)          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[15,26926,26927,26979,26983,27010,27014,27038,27042,27056,27070],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,26928,26929,26931,26933,26935,26937,26939,26941,26943,26945,26948,26950,26952,26954,26956,26958,26960,26963,26965,26967,26970,26972,26974,26977],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,26930,25192],{"class":56},[50,26932,61],{"class":60},[50,26934,632],{"class":64},[50,26936,811],{"class":604},[50,26938,814],{"class":608},[50,26940,811],{"class":604},[50,26942,819],{"class":64},[50,26944,700],{"class":604},[50,26946,26947],{"class":608},"Laptop",[50,26949,811],{"class":604},[50,26951,72],{"class":64},[50,26953,700],{"class":604},[50,26955,25218],{"class":608},[50,26957,811],{"class":604},[50,26959,819],{"class":64},[50,26961,26962],{"class":68}," 1200",[50,26964,72],{"class":64},[50,26966,700],{"class":604},[50,26968,26969],{"class":608},"discount",[50,26971,811],{"class":604},[50,26973,819],{"class":64},[50,26975,26976],{"class":68}," 200",[50,26978,645],{"class":64},[50,26980,26981],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,26982,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,26984,26985,26988,26990,26992,26994,26996,26998,27000,27002,27004,27006,27008],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,26986,26987],{"class":56},"discount_amount ",[50,26989,61],{"class":60},[50,26991,25270],{"class":56},[50,26993,425],{"class":64},[50,26995,26310],{"class":101},[50,26997,98],{"class":64},[50,26999,811],{"class":604},[50,27001,26969],{"class":608},[50,27003,811],{"class":604},[50,27005,72],{"class":64},[50,27007,3914],{"class":68},[50,27009,105],{"class":64},[50,27011,27012],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,27013,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,27015,27016,27019,27021,27023,27025,27027,27029,27031,27033,27035],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,27017,27018],{"class":56},"final_price ",[50,27020,61],{"class":60},[50,27022,25270],{"class":56},[50,27024,363],{"class":64},[50,27026,811],{"class":604},[50,27028,25218],{"class":608},[50,27030,811],{"class":604},[50,27032,13346],{"class":64},[50,27034,2321],{"class":60},[50,27036,27037],{"class":56}," discount_amount\n",[50,27039,27040],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,27041,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,27043,27044,27046,27048,27051,27053],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,27045,118],{"class":94},[50,27047,98],{"class":64},[50,27049,27050],{"class":101},"discount_amount",[50,27052,126],{"class":64},[50,27054,27055],{"class":129},"  # 200\n",[50,27057,27058,27060,27062,27065,27067],{"class":52,"line":6503},[50,27059,118],{"class":94},[50,27061,98],{"class":64},[50,27063,27064],{"class":101},"final_price",[50,27066,126],{"class":64},[50,27068,27069],{"class":129},"      # 1000\n",[50,27071,27072,27074,27076,27079,27081],{"class":52,"line":6509},[50,27073,118],{"class":94},[50,27075,98],{"class":64},[50,27077,27078],{"class":101},"product",[50,27080,126],{"class":64},[50,27082,27083],{"class":129},"          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[20,27085,27086],{},"This is helpful when you want to take one piece of data out and then continue working with the remaining dictionary.",[36,27088,27090,1467,27092],{"id":27089},"pop-vs-del",[15,27091,12836],{},[15,27093,27094],{},"del",[20,27096,10666,27097,4472,27099,27101],{},[15,27098,12836],{},[15,27100,27094],{}," can remove a key from a dictionary, but they are not the same.",[222,27103,920,27105,27107],{"id":27104},"use-pop-when-you-need-the-removed-value",[15,27106,12836],{}," when you need the removed value",[41,27109,27111],{"className":43,"code":27110,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nage = person.pop(\"age\")\n\nprint(age)     # 25\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,27112,27113,27149,27153,27175,27179,27192],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,27114,27115,27117,27119,27121,27123,27125,27127,27129,27131,27133,27135,27137,27139,27141,27143,27145,27147],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,27116,804],{"class":56},[50,27118,61],{"class":60},[50,27120,632],{"class":64},[50,27122,811],{"class":604},[50,27124,814],{"class":608},[50,27126,811],{"class":604},[50,27128,819],{"class":64},[50,27130,700],{"class":604},[50,27132,824],{"class":608},[50,27134,811],{"class":604},[50,27136,72],{"class":64},[50,27138,700],{"class":604},[50,27140,833],{"class":608},[50,27142,811],{"class":604},[50,27144,819],{"class":64},[50,27146,9384],{"class":68},[50,27148,645],{"class":64},[50,27150,27151],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,27152,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,27154,27155,27157,27159,27161,27163,27165,27167,27169,27171,27173],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,27156,21697],{"class":56},[50,27158,61],{"class":60},[50,27160,13320],{"class":56},[50,27162,425],{"class":64},[50,27164,26310],{"class":101},[50,27166,98],{"class":64},[50,27168,811],{"class":604},[50,27170,833],{"class":608},[50,27172,811],{"class":604},[50,27174,105],{"class":64},[50,27176,27177],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,27178,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,27180,27181,27183,27185,27187,27189],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,27182,118],{"class":94},[50,27184,98],{"class":64},[50,27186,833],{"class":101},[50,27188,126],{"class":64},[50,27190,27191],{"class":129},"     # 25\n",[50,27193,27194,27196,27198,27200,27202],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,27195,118],{"class":94},[50,27197,98],{"class":64},[50,27199,873],{"class":101},[50,27201,126],{"class":64},[50,27203,27204],{"class":129},"  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[222,27206,920,27208,27210],{"id":27207},"use-del-when-you-only-want-deletion",[15,27209,27094],{}," when you only want deletion",[41,27212,27214],{"className":43,"code":27213,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\ndel person[\"age\"]\n\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,27215,27216,27252,27256,27272,27276],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,27217,27218,27220,27222,27224,27226,27228,27230,27232,27234,27236,27238,27240,27242,27244,27246,27248,27250],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,27219,804],{"class":56},[50,27221,61],{"class":60},[50,27223,632],{"class":64},[50,27225,811],{"class":604},[50,27227,814],{"class":608},[50,27229,811],{"class":604},[50,27231,819],{"class":64},[50,27233,700],{"class":604},[50,27235,824],{"class":608},[50,27237,811],{"class":604},[50,27239,72],{"class":64},[50,27241,700],{"class":604},[50,27243,833],{"class":608},[50,27245,811],{"class":604},[50,27247,819],{"class":64},[50,27249,9384],{"class":68},[50,27251,645],{"class":64},[50,27253,27254],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,27255,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,27257,27258,27260,27262,27264,27266,27268,27270],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,27259,27094],{"class":3957},[50,27261,13320],{"class":56},[50,27263,363],{"class":64},[50,27265,811],{"class":604},[50,27267,833],{"class":608},[50,27269,811],{"class":604},[50,27271,83],{"class":64},[50,27273,27274],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,27275,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,27277,27278,27280,27282,27284,27286],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,27279,118],{"class":94},[50,27281,98],{"class":64},[50,27283,873],{"class":101},[50,27285,126],{"class":64},[50,27287,27204],{"class":129},[20,27289,27290],{},"Difference:",[158,27292,27293,27298],{},[161,27294,27295,27297],{},[15,27296,12836],{}," removes a key and returns its value",[161,27299,27300,27302],{},[15,27301,27094],{}," removes a key but does not return the value",[20,27304,27305,27306,425],{},"If your goal is simply to remove a key, see ",[421,27307,12649],{"href":12648},[36,27309,27311,27312],{"id":27310},"how-to-avoid-keyerror","How to avoid ",[15,27313,19757],{},[20,27315,27316],{},"A common beginner problem is trying to remove a key that does not exist.",[222,27318,27320],{"id":27319},"option-1-use-a-default-value","Option 1: Use a default value",[41,27322,27324],{"className":43,"code":27323,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.pop(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,27325,27326,27351,27355,27381,27385,27397],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,27327,27328,27330,27332,27334,27336,27338,27340,27342,27344,27347,27349],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,27329,11799],{"class":56},[50,27331,61],{"class":60},[50,27333,632],{"class":64},[50,27335,811],{"class":604},[50,27337,814],{"class":608},[50,27339,811],{"class":604},[50,27341,819],{"class":64},[50,27343,700],{"class":604},[50,27345,27346],{"class":608},"Sara",[50,27348,811],{"class":604},[50,27350,645],{"class":64},[50,27352,27353],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,27354,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,27356,27357,27359,27361,27363,27365,27367,27369,27371,27373,27375,27377,27379],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,27358,2544],{"class":56},[50,27360,61],{"class":60},[50,27362,11840],{"class":56},[50,27364,425],{"class":64},[50,27366,26310],{"class":101},[50,27368,98],{"class":64},[50,27370,811],{"class":604},[50,27372,833],{"class":608},[50,27374,811],{"class":604},[50,27376,72],{"class":64},[50,27378,3933],{"class":207},[50,27380,105],{"class":64},[50,27382,27383],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,27384,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,27386,27387,27389,27391,27393,27395],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,27388,118],{"class":94},[50,27390,98],{"class":64},[50,27392,2570],{"class":101},[50,27394,126],{"class":64},[50,27396,20631],{"class":129},[50,27398,27399,27401,27403,27405,27407],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,27400,118],{"class":94},[50,27402,98],{"class":64},[50,27404,11525],{"class":101},[50,27406,126],{"class":64},[50,27408,27409],{"class":129}," # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[20,27411,27412],{},"This is the safest and shortest option.",[222,27414,27416],{"id":27415},"option-2-check-first","Option 2: Check first",[41,27418,27420],{"className":43,"code":27419,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nif \"age\" in my_dict:\n    value = my_dict.pop(\"age\")\n    print(value)\nelse:\n    print(\"Key not found\")\n",[15,27421,27422,27446,27450,27466,27489,27499,27506],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,27423,27424,27426,27428,27430,27432,27434,27436,27438,27440,27442,27444],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,27425,11799],{"class":56},[50,27427,61],{"class":60},[50,27429,632],{"class":64},[50,27431,811],{"class":604},[50,27433,814],{"class":608},[50,27435,811],{"class":604},[50,27437,819],{"class":64},[50,27439,700],{"class":604},[50,27441,27346],{"class":608},[50,27443,811],{"class":604},[50,27445,645],{"class":64},[50,27447,27448],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,27449,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,27451,27452,27454,27456,27458,27460,27462,27464],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,27453,7076],{"class":3957},[50,27455,700],{"class":604},[50,27457,833],{"class":608},[50,27459,811],{"class":604},[50,27461,21243],{"class":60},[50,27463,11840],{"class":56},[50,27465,6470],{"class":64},[50,27467,27468,27471,27473,27475,27477,27479,27481,27483,27485,27487],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,27469,27470],{"class":56},"    value ",[50,27472,61],{"class":60},[50,27474,11840],{"class":56},[50,27476,425],{"class":64},[50,27478,26310],{"class":101},[50,27480,98],{"class":64},[50,27482,811],{"class":604},[50,27484,833],{"class":608},[50,27486,811],{"class":604},[50,27488,105],{"class":64},[50,27490,27491,27493,27495,27497],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,27492,8148],{"class":94},[50,27494,98],{"class":64},[50,27496,2570],{"class":101},[50,27498,105],{"class":64},[50,27500,27501,27504],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,27502,27503],{"class":3957},"else",[50,27505,6470],{"class":64},[50,27507,27508,27510,27512,27514,27517,27519],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,27509,8148],{"class":94},[50,27511,98],{"class":64},[50,27513,811],{"class":604},[50,27515,27516],{"class":608},"Key not found",[50,27518,811],{"class":604},[50,27520,105],{"class":64},[222,27522,27524,27525,27527],{"id":27523},"option-3-use-get-if-you-do-not-want-to-remove-anything","Option 3: Use ",[15,27526,10815],{}," if you do not want to remove anything",[41,27529,27531],{"className":43,"code":27530,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.get(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,27532,27533,27557,27561,27587,27591,27603],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,27534,27535,27537,27539,27541,27543,27545,27547,27549,27551,27553,27555],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,27536,11799],{"class":56},[50,27538,61],{"class":60},[50,27540,632],{"class":64},[50,27542,811],{"class":604},[50,27544,814],{"class":608},[50,27546,811],{"class":604},[50,27548,819],{"class":64},[50,27550,700],{"class":604},[50,27552,27346],{"class":608},[50,27554,811],{"class":604},[50,27556,645],{"class":64},[50,27558,27559],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,27560,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,27562,27563,27565,27567,27569,27571,27573,27575,27577,27579,27581,27583,27585],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,27564,2544],{"class":56},[50,27566,61],{"class":60},[50,27568,11840],{"class":56},[50,27570,425],{"class":64},[50,27572,19820],{"class":101},[50,27574,98],{"class":64},[50,27576,811],{"class":604},[50,27578,833],{"class":608},[50,27580,811],{"class":604},[50,27582,72],{"class":64},[50,27584,3933],{"class":207},[50,27586,105],{"class":64},[50,27588,27589],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,27590,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,27592,27593,27595,27597,27599,27601],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,27594,118],{"class":94},[50,27596,98],{"class":64},[50,27598,2570],{"class":101},[50,27600,126],{"class":64},[50,27602,20631],{"class":129},[50,27604,27605,27607,27609,27611,27613],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,27606,118],{"class":94},[50,27608,98],{"class":64},[50,27610,11525],{"class":101},[50,27612,126],{"class":64},[50,27614,27409],{"class":129},[20,27616,920,27617,27621,27622,425],{},[421,27618,27619],{"href":10811},[15,27620,26899],{}," when you only need to read a value. If you are seeing this error already, read ",[421,27623,11337],{"href":11150},[36,27625,4598],{"id":4597},[20,27627,27628,27629,425],{},"Here are some mistakes that happen often with ",[15,27630,12644],{},[222,27632,25843,27634,27636],{"id":27633},"thinking-pop-removes-by-position-like-a-list",[15,27635,12836],{}," removes by position like a list",[20,27638,27639],{},"Lists use indexes:",[41,27641,27643],{"className":43,"code":27642,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.pop(1))  # 20\n",[15,27644,27645,27665],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,27646,27647,27649,27651,27653,27655,27657,27659,27661,27663],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,27648,57],{"class":56},[50,27650,61],{"class":60},[50,27652,65],{"class":64},[50,27654,1618],{"class":68},[50,27656,72],{"class":64},[50,27658,840],{"class":68},[50,27660,72],{"class":64},[50,27662,1627],{"class":68},[50,27664,83],{"class":64},[50,27666,27667,27669,27671,27673,27675,27677,27679,27681,27683],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,27668,118],{"class":94},[50,27670,98],{"class":64},[50,27672,102],{"class":101},[50,27674,425],{"class":64},[50,27676,26310],{"class":101},[50,27678,98],{"class":64},[50,27680,366],{"class":68},[50,27682,5440],{"class":64},[50,27684,27685],{"class":129},"  # 20\n",[20,27687,27688],{},"Dictionaries use keys:",[41,27690,27692],{"className":43,"code":27691,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nprint(person.pop(\"age\"))  # 25\n",[15,27693,27694,27730],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,27695,27696,27698,27700,27702,27704,27706,27708,27710,27712,27714,27716,27718,27720,27722,27724,27726,27728],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,27697,804],{"class":56},[50,27699,61],{"class":60},[50,27701,632],{"class":64},[50,27703,811],{"class":604},[50,27705,814],{"class":608},[50,27707,811],{"class":604},[50,27709,819],{"class":64},[50,27711,700],{"class":604},[50,27713,824],{"class":608},[50,27715,811],{"class":604},[50,27717,72],{"class":64},[50,27719,700],{"class":604},[50,27721,833],{"class":608},[50,27723,811],{"class":604},[50,27725,819],{"class":64},[50,27727,9384],{"class":68},[50,27729,645],{"class":64},[50,27731,27732,27734,27736,27738,27740,27742,27744,27746,27748,27750,27752],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,27733,118],{"class":94},[50,27735,98],{"class":64},[50,27737,873],{"class":101},[50,27739,425],{"class":64},[50,27741,26310],{"class":101},[50,27743,98],{"class":64},[50,27745,811],{"class":604},[50,27747,833],{"class":608},[50,27749,811],{"class":604},[50,27751,5440],{"class":64},[50,27753,27754],{"class":129},"  # 25\n",[20,27756,27757,27758,27760,27761,27763],{},"A dictionary does ",[3824,27759,4709],{}," use positions with ",[15,27762,12836],{},". It uses keys.",[222,27765,1756,27767,27769],{"id":27766},"forgetting-that-pop-changes-the-original-dictionary",[15,27768,12836],{}," changes the original dictionary",[41,27771,27773],{"className":43,"code":27772,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"x\")\n\nprint(value)  # 1\nprint(data)   # {'y': 2}\n",[15,27774,27775,27807,27811,27833,27837,27850],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,27776,27777,27779,27781,27783,27785,27787,27789,27791,27793,27795,27797,27799,27801,27803,27805],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,27778,9246],{"class":56},[50,27780,61],{"class":60},[50,27782,632],{"class":64},[50,27784,811],{"class":604},[50,27786,2273],{"class":608},[50,27788,811],{"class":604},[50,27790,819],{"class":64},[50,27792,75],{"class":68},[50,27794,72],{"class":64},[50,27796,700],{"class":604},[50,27798,780],{"class":608},[50,27800,811],{"class":604},[50,27802,819],{"class":64},[50,27804,80],{"class":68},[50,27806,645],{"class":64},[50,27808,27809],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,27810,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,27812,27813,27815,27817,27819,27821,27823,27825,27827,27829,27831],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,27814,2544],{"class":56},[50,27816,61],{"class":60},[50,27818,14639],{"class":56},[50,27820,425],{"class":64},[50,27822,26310],{"class":101},[50,27824,98],{"class":64},[50,27826,811],{"class":604},[50,27828,2273],{"class":608},[50,27830,811],{"class":604},[50,27832,105],{"class":64},[50,27834,27835],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,27836,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,27838,27839,27841,27843,27845,27847],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,27840,118],{"class":94},[50,27842,98],{"class":64},[50,27844,2570],{"class":101},[50,27846,126],{"class":64},[50,27848,27849],{"class":129},"  # 1\n",[50,27851,27852,27854,27856,27858,27860],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,27853,118],{"class":94},[50,27855,98],{"class":64},[50,27857,9284],{"class":101},[50,27859,126],{"class":64},[50,27861,27862],{"class":129},"   # {'y': 2}\n",[20,27864,27865,27866,27868],{},"After ",[15,27867,12836],{},", the key is gone from the same dictionary object.",[222,27870,914,27872,27874],{"id":27871},"using-pop-on-a-missing-key-without-a-default-value",[15,27873,12836],{}," on a missing key without a default value",[41,27876,27878],{"className":43,"code":27877,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\n# This causes an error\n# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[15,27879,27880,27904,27908,27913],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,27881,27882,27884,27886,27888,27890,27892,27894,27896,27898,27900,27902],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,27883,9246],{"class":56},[50,27885,61],{"class":60},[50,27887,632],{"class":64},[50,27889,811],{"class":604},[50,27891,814],{"class":608},[50,27893,811],{"class":604},[50,27895,819],{"class":64},[50,27897,700],{"class":604},[50,27899,8000],{"class":608},[50,27901,811],{"class":604},[50,27903,645],{"class":64},[50,27905,27906],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,27907,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,27909,27910],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,27911,27912],{"class":129},"# This causes an error\n",[50,27914,27915],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,27916,27917],{"class":129},"# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[20,27919,27920],{},"Safer version:",[41,27922,27924],{"className":43,"code":27923,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(\"age\", \"missing\"))  # missing\n",[15,27925,27926,27950,27954],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,27927,27928,27930,27932,27934,27936,27938,27940,27942,27944,27946,27948],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,27929,9246],{"class":56},[50,27931,61],{"class":60},[50,27933,632],{"class":64},[50,27935,811],{"class":604},[50,27937,814],{"class":608},[50,27939,811],{"class":604},[50,27941,819],{"class":64},[50,27943,700],{"class":604},[50,27945,8000],{"class":608},[50,27947,811],{"class":604},[50,27949,645],{"class":64},[50,27951,27952],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,27953,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,27955,27956,27958,27960,27962,27964,27966,27968,27970,27972,27974,27976,27978,27980,27982,27984],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,27957,118],{"class":94},[50,27959,98],{"class":64},[50,27961,9284],{"class":101},[50,27963,425],{"class":64},[50,27965,26310],{"class":101},[50,27967,98],{"class":64},[50,27969,811],{"class":604},[50,27971,833],{"class":608},[50,27973,811],{"class":604},[50,27975,72],{"class":64},[50,27977,700],{"class":604},[50,27979,26842],{"class":608},[50,27981,811],{"class":604},[50,27983,5440],{"class":64},[50,27985,26878],{"class":129},[222,27987,8532,27989,27991],{"id":27988},"expecting-pop-to-return-the-whole-dictionary",[15,27990,12836],{}," to return the whole dictionary",[41,27993,27995],{"className":43,"code":27994,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nresult = data.pop(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 1\nprint(data)    # {'b': 2}\n",[15,27996,27997,28029,28033,28055,28059,28071],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,27998,27999,28001,28003,28005,28007,28009,28011,28013,28015,28017,28019,28021,28023,28025,28027],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,28000,9246],{"class":56},[50,28002,61],{"class":60},[50,28004,632],{"class":64},[50,28006,811],{"class":604},[50,28008,421],{"class":608},[50,28010,811],{"class":604},[50,28012,819],{"class":64},[50,28014,75],{"class":68},[50,28016,72],{"class":64},[50,28018,700],{"class":604},[50,28020,4839],{"class":608},[50,28022,811],{"class":604},[50,28024,819],{"class":64},[50,28026,80],{"class":68},[50,28028,645],{"class":64},[50,28030,28031],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,28032,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,28034,28035,28037,28039,28041,28043,28045,28047,28049,28051,28053],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,28036,89],{"class":56},[50,28038,61],{"class":60},[50,28040,14639],{"class":56},[50,28042,425],{"class":64},[50,28044,26310],{"class":101},[50,28046,98],{"class":64},[50,28048,811],{"class":604},[50,28050,421],{"class":608},[50,28052,811],{"class":604},[50,28054,105],{"class":64},[50,28056,28057],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,28058,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,28060,28061,28063,28065,28067,28069],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,28062,118],{"class":94},[50,28064,98],{"class":64},[50,28066,123],{"class":101},[50,28068,126],{"class":64},[50,28070,27849],{"class":129},[50,28072,28073,28075,28077,28079,28081],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,28074,118],{"class":94},[50,28076,98],{"class":64},[50,28078,9284],{"class":101},[50,28080,126],{"class":64},[50,28082,28083],{"class":129},"    # {'b': 2}\n",[20,28085,28086],{},"The return value is the removed value, not the updated dictionary.",[36,28088,28090],{"id":28089},"common-causes-of-problems","Common causes of problems",[20,28092,28093,28094,28096],{},"Problems with ",[15,28095,12644],{}," often happen because of one of these reasons:",[158,28098,28099,28102,28111,28114],{},[161,28100,28101],{},"Using a key that does not exist in the dictionary",[161,28103,28104,28105,28108,28109],{},"Mixing up list ",[15,28106,28107],{},"pop(index)"," with dictionary ",[15,28110,26406],{},[161,28112,28113],{},"Removing data that is still needed later in the code",[161,28115,28116,28117,1940,28119],{},"Using the wrong key type, such as ",[15,28118,366],{},[15,28120,28121],{},"\"1\"",[20,28123,28124],{},"Example of wrong key type:",[41,28126,28128],{"className":43,"code":28127,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {\"1\": \"one\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(1, \"not found\"))    # not found\nprint(data.pop(\"1\", \"not found\"))  # one\n",[15,28129,28130,28154,28158,28188],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,28131,28132,28134,28136,28138,28140,28142,28144,28146,28148,28150,28152],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,28133,9246],{"class":56},[50,28135,61],{"class":60},[50,28137,632],{"class":64},[50,28139,811],{"class":604},[50,28141,366],{"class":608},[50,28143,811],{"class":604},[50,28145,819],{"class":64},[50,28147,700],{"class":604},[50,28149,6663],{"class":608},[50,28151,811],{"class":604},[50,28153,645],{"class":64},[50,28155,28156],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,28157,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,28159,28160,28162,28164,28166,28168,28170,28172,28174,28176,28178,28181,28183,28185],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,28161,118],{"class":94},[50,28163,98],{"class":64},[50,28165,9284],{"class":101},[50,28167,425],{"class":64},[50,28169,26310],{"class":101},[50,28171,98],{"class":64},[50,28173,366],{"class":68},[50,28175,72],{"class":64},[50,28177,700],{"class":604},[50,28179,28180],{"class":608},"not found",[50,28182,811],{"class":604},[50,28184,5440],{"class":64},[50,28186,28187],{"class":129},"    # not found\n",[50,28189,28190,28192,28194,28196,28198,28200,28202,28204,28206,28208,28210,28212,28214,28216,28218],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,28191,118],{"class":94},[50,28193,98],{"class":64},[50,28195,9284],{"class":101},[50,28197,425],{"class":64},[50,28199,26310],{"class":101},[50,28201,98],{"class":64},[50,28203,811],{"class":604},[50,28205,366],{"class":608},[50,28207,811],{"class":604},[50,28209,72],{"class":64},[50,28211,700],{"class":604},[50,28213,28180],{"class":608},[50,28215,811],{"class":604},[50,28217,5440],{"class":64},[50,28219,28220],{"class":129},"  # one\n",[20,28222,28223,4472,28225,28227],{},[15,28224,366],{},[15,28226,28121],{}," are different keys.",[36,28229,8952],{"id":8951},[20,28231,8955,28232,28234],{},[15,28233,12836],{}," is not working the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[41,28236,28238],{"className":43,"code":28237,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,28239,28240,28250,28264,28282,28312],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,28241,28242,28244,28246,28248],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,28243,118],{"class":94},[50,28245,98],{"class":64},[50,28247,11525],{"class":101},[50,28249,105],{"class":64},[50,28251,28252,28254,28256,28258,28260,28262],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,28253,118],{"class":94},[50,28255,98],{"class":64},[50,28257,11525],{"class":101},[50,28259,425],{"class":64},[50,28261,16995],{"class":101},[50,28263,7273],{"class":64},[50,28265,28266,28268,28270,28272,28274,28276,28278,28280],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,28267,118],{"class":94},[50,28269,98],{"class":64},[50,28271,611],{"class":604},[50,28273,814],{"class":608},[50,28275,611],{"class":604},[50,28277,21243],{"class":3957},[50,28279,11840],{"class":101},[50,28281,105],{"class":64},[50,28283,28284,28286,28288,28290,28292,28294,28296,28298,28300,28302,28304,28306,28308,28310],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,28285,118],{"class":94},[50,28287,98],{"class":64},[50,28289,11525],{"class":101},[50,28291,425],{"class":64},[50,28293,26310],{"class":101},[50,28295,98],{"class":64},[50,28297,611],{"class":604},[50,28299,814],{"class":608},[50,28301,611],{"class":604},[50,28303,72],{"class":64},[50,28305,605],{"class":604},[50,28307,26842],{"class":608},[50,28309,611],{"class":604},[50,28311,478],{"class":64},[50,28313,28314,28316,28318,28320,28322,28324],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,28315,118],{"class":94},[50,28317,98],{"class":64},[50,28319,558],{"class":557},[50,28321,98],{"class":64},[50,28323,11525],{"class":101},[50,28325,478],{"class":64},[20,28327,21406],{},[158,28329,28330,28335,28340,28345,28351],{},[161,28331,28332,28334],{},[15,28333,12754],{}," shows the current dictionary contents",[161,28336,28337,28339],{},[15,28338,21418],{}," shows all available keys",[161,28341,28342,28344],{},[15,28343,21424],{}," checks whether a key exists",[161,28346,28347,28350],{},[15,28348,28349],{},"print(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))"," tests safe removal",[161,28352,28353,28355],{},[15,28354,12760],{}," confirms that the object is really a dictionary",[20,28357,28358,28359,425],{},"If you need to understand dictionary basics first, see ",[421,28360,9469],{"href":9468},[36,28362,1913],{"id":1912},[222,28364,28366,28367,28369],{"id":28365},"does-dictionary-pop-return-the-key-or-the-value","Does dictionary ",[15,28368,12836],{}," return the key or the value?",[20,28371,28372],{},"It returns the value for the removed key.",[222,28374,28376],{"id":28375},"what-happens-if-the-key-does-not-exist","What happens if the key does not exist?",[20,28378,28379,26607,28381,28383,28384,28386],{},[15,28380,26406],{},[15,28382,19757],{},". ",[15,28385,26410],{}," returns the default value instead.",[222,28388,1917,28390,14968],{"id":28389},"does-pop-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,28391,12836],{},[20,28393,28394],{},"Yes. It removes the key from the existing dictionary.",[222,28396,28398,28399,28401],{"id":28397},"can-i-use-pop-to-remove-the-last-item-in-a-dictionary","Can I use ",[15,28400,12836],{}," to remove the last item in a dictionary?",[20,28403,28404,28405,28407,28408,425],{},"Not with ",[15,28406,12644],{},". To remove the last inserted key-value pair, use ",[421,28409,28410],{"href":12655},[15,28411,12843],{},[222,28413,5258,28415,4472,28417,1943],{"id":28414},"what-is-the-difference-between-get-and-pop",[15,28416,10815],{},[15,28418,12836],{},[20,28420,28421,28423,28424,28426],{},[15,28422,10815],{}," reads a value without removing it. ",[15,28425,12836],{}," reads and removes it.",[36,28428,1975],{"id":1974},[158,28430,28431,28437,28444,28448,28452,28456],{},[161,28432,28433],{},[421,28434,28435],{"href":10811},[15,28436,19738],{},[161,28438,28439],{},[421,28440,28441],{"href":12655},[15,28442,28443],{},"Python Dictionary popitem() Method",[161,28445,28446],{},[421,28447,12860],{"href":12648},[161,28449,28450],{},[421,28451,21527],{"href":16668},[161,28453,28454],{},[421,28455,11337],{"href":11150},[161,28457,28458],{},[421,28459,28461],{"href":28460},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-key-not-found-in-dictionary-fix\u002F","KeyError: key not found in dictionary fix",[2018,28463,28464],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":28466},[28467,28468,28470,28471,28472,28474,28481,28488,28498,28499,28500,28511],{"id":38,"depth":86,"text":39},{"id":26417,"depth":86,"text":28469},"What dict.pop() does",{"id":180,"depth":86,"text":181},{"id":17487,"depth":86,"text":17488},{"id":26902,"depth":86,"text":28473},"When to use pop()",{"id":27089,"depth":86,"text":28475,"children":28476},"pop() vs del",[28477,28479],{"id":27104,"depth":108,"text":28478},"Use pop() when you need the removed value",{"id":27207,"depth":108,"text":28480},"Use del when you only want deletion",{"id":27310,"depth":86,"text":28482,"children":28483},"How to avoid KeyError",[28484,28485,28486],{"id":27319,"depth":108,"text":27320},{"id":27415,"depth":108,"text":27416},{"id":27523,"depth":108,"text":28487},"Option 3: Use get() if you do not want to remove anything",{"id":4597,"depth":86,"text":4598,"children":28489},[28490,28492,28494,28496],{"id":27633,"depth":108,"text":28491},"Thinking pop() removes by position like a list",{"id":27766,"depth":108,"text":28493},"Forgetting that pop() changes the original dictionary",{"id":27871,"depth":108,"text":28495},"Using pop() on a missing key without a default value",{"id":27988,"depth":108,"text":28497},"Expecting pop() to return the whole dictionary",{"id":28089,"depth":86,"text":28090},{"id":8951,"depth":86,"text":8952},{"id":1912,"depth":86,"text":1913,"children":28501},[28502,28504,28505,28507,28509],{"id":28365,"depth":108,"text":28503},"Does dictionary pop() return the key or the value?",{"id":28375,"depth":108,"text":28376},{"id":28389,"depth":108,"text":28506},"Does pop() change the original dictionary?",{"id":28397,"depth":108,"text":28508},"Can I use pop() to remove the last item in a dictionary?",{"id":28414,"depth":108,"text":28510},"What is the difference between get() and pop()?",{"id":1974,"depth":86,"text":1975},"Master python dictionary pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method",{"title":26238,"description":28512},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method","covTbfNQY4fVAPAVxk1e0B4DZXBgW5sTT-L3t_ORUSI",{"id":28519,"title":28443,"body":28520,"description":30458,"extension":2064,"meta":30459,"navigation":111,"path":30460,"seo":30461,"stem":30462,"__hash__":30463},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method.md",{"type":7,"value":28521,"toc":30422},[28522,28527,28532,28535,28543,28553,28555,28644,28648,28697,28702,28707,28711,28727,28730,28732,28747,28749,28765,28772,28776,28782,28791,28793,28862,28866,28887,28890,28909,28912,28935,28937,28940,29055,29059,29118,29125,29129,29135,29260,29264,29313,29316,29320,29327,29329,29392,29396,29417,29420,29429,29444,29452,29459,29463,29475,29479,29490,29492,29638,29642,29701,29708,29713,29717,29722,29745,29750,29769,29773,29844,29851,29924,29933,29938,29943,29954,29957,30094,30099,30131,30136,30138,30142,30202,30205,30262,30265,30308,30310,30315,30321,30327,30330,30337,30345,30350,30353,30360,30368,30370,30419],[10,28523,11393,28525,11397],{"id":28524},"python-dictionary-popitem-method",[15,28526,12843],{},[20,28528,1185,28529,28531],{},[15,28530,12843],{}," method removes one item from a dictionary and returns it.",[20,28533,28534],{},"It is useful when you want to both:",[158,28536,28537,28540],{},[161,28538,28539],{},"remove an item",[161,28541,28542],{},"get that removed item at the same time",[20,28544,28545,28546,28548,28549,28552],{},"In modern Python, ",[15,28547,12843],{}," removes the ",[3824,28550,28551],{},"last inserted key-value pair",". It also changes the original dictionary, so the item is no longer there after the method runs.",[36,28554,2105],{"id":2104},[41,28556,28558],{"className":43,"code":28557,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\nitem = data.popitem()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(data)\n",[15,28559,28560,28604,28620,28624,28634],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,28561,28562,28564,28566,28568,28570,28572,28574,28576,28578,28580,28582,28584,28586,28588,28590,28592,28594,28596,28598,28600,28602],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,28563,9246],{"class":56},[50,28565,61],{"class":60},[50,28567,632],{"class":64},[50,28569,811],{"class":604},[50,28571,421],{"class":608},[50,28573,811],{"class":604},[50,28575,819],{"class":64},[50,28577,75],{"class":68},[50,28579,72],{"class":64},[50,28581,700],{"class":604},[50,28583,4839],{"class":608},[50,28585,811],{"class":604},[50,28587,819],{"class":64},[50,28589,80],{"class":68},[50,28591,72],{"class":64},[50,28593,700],{"class":604},[50,28595,9817],{"class":608},[50,28597,811],{"class":604},[50,28599,819],{"class":64},[50,28601,500],{"class":68},[50,28603,645],{"class":64},[50,28605,28606,28609,28611,28613,28615,28618],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,28607,28608],{"class":56},"item ",[50,28610,61],{"class":60},[50,28612,14639],{"class":56},[50,28614,425],{"class":64},[50,28616,28617],{"class":101},"popitem",[50,28619,8722],{"class":64},[50,28621,28622],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,28623,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,28625,28626,28628,28630,28632],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,28627,118],{"class":94},[50,28629,98],{"class":64},[50,28631,23379],{"class":101},[50,28633,105],{"class":64},[50,28635,28636,28638,28640,28642],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,28637,118],{"class":94},[50,28639,98],{"class":64},[50,28641,9284],{"class":101},[50,28643,105],{"class":64},[20,28645,28646],{},[3824,28647,353],{},[41,28649,28651],{"className":43,"code":28650,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"('c', 3)\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,28652,28653,28669],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,28654,28655,28657,28659,28661,28663,28665,28667],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,28656,98],{"class":64},[50,28658,611],{"class":604},[50,28660,9817],{"class":608},[50,28662,611],{"class":604},[50,28664,72],{"class":64},[50,28666,500],{"class":68},[50,28668,105],{"class":64},[50,28670,28671,28673,28675,28677,28679,28681,28683,28685,28687,28689,28691,28693,28695],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,28672,9357],{"class":64},[50,28674,611],{"class":604},[50,28676,421],{"class":608},[50,28678,611],{"class":604},[50,28680,819],{"class":64},[50,28682,75],{"class":68},[50,28684,72],{"class":64},[50,28686,605],{"class":604},[50,28688,4839],{"class":608},[50,28690,611],{"class":604},[50,28692,819],{"class":64},[50,28694,80],{"class":68},[50,28696,645],{"class":64},[20,28698,28699,28701],{},[15,28700,12843],{}," removes and returns the last inserted key-value pair as a tuple.",[36,28703,153,28705,156],{"id":28704},"what-popitem-does",[15,28706,12843],{},[20,28708,28709,819],{},[15,28710,12843],{},[158,28712,28713,28716,28721,28724],{},[161,28714,28715],{},"removes one item from a dictionary",[161,28717,28718,28719],{},"returns the removed item as a tuple: ",[15,28720,21724],{},[161,28722,28723],{},"removes the last inserted item in modern Python",[161,28725,28726],{},"changes the original dictionary",[20,28728,28729],{},"This means the dictionary becomes smaller after you call it.",[36,28731,181],{"id":180},[41,28733,28735],{"className":43,"code":28734,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"dictionary.popitem()\n",[15,28736,28737],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,28738,28739,28741,28743,28745],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,28740,787],{"class":56},[50,28742,425],{"class":64},[50,28744,28617],{"class":101},[50,28746,8722],{"class":64},[20,28748,11534],{},[158,28750,28751,28759,28762],{},[161,28752,28753,28755,28756],{},[15,28754,12843],{}," takes ",[3824,28757,28758],{},"no arguments",[161,28760,28761],{},"it always returns a 2-item tuple",[161,28763,28764],{},"use the returned tuple if you need both the key and the value",[20,28766,28767,28768,6709],{},"If you want to remove a specific key, use ",[421,28769,28770],{"href":12641},[15,28771,12836],{},[36,28773,28775],{"id":28774},"what-gets-returned","What gets returned",[20,28777,28778,28779,28781],{},"The value returned by ",[15,28780,12843],{}," is a tuple with two parts:",[28783,28784,28785,28788],"ol",{},[161,28786,28787],{},"the key",[161,28789,28790],{},"the value",[20,28792,1602],{},[41,28794,28796],{"className":43,"code":28795,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"person = {\"name\": \"Alice\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = person.popitem()\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,28797,28798,28834,28848,28852],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,28799,28800,28802,28804,28806,28808,28810,28812,28814,28816,28818,28820,28822,28824,28826,28828,28830,28832],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,28801,804],{"class":56},[50,28803,61],{"class":60},[50,28805,632],{"class":64},[50,28807,811],{"class":604},[50,28809,814],{"class":608},[50,28811,811],{"class":604},[50,28813,819],{"class":64},[50,28815,700],{"class":604},[50,28817,5083],{"class":608},[50,28819,811],{"class":604},[50,28821,72],{"class":64},[50,28823,700],{"class":604},[50,28825,833],{"class":608},[50,28827,811],{"class":604},[50,28829,819],{"class":64},[50,28831,9384],{"class":68},[50,28833,645],{"class":64},[50,28835,28836,28838,28840,28842,28844,28846],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,28837,89],{"class":56},[50,28839,61],{"class":60},[50,28841,13320],{"class":56},[50,28843,425],{"class":64},[50,28845,28617],{"class":101},[50,28847,8722],{"class":64},[50,28849,28850],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,28851,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,28853,28854,28856,28858,28860],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,28855,118],{"class":94},[50,28857,98],{"class":64},[50,28859,123],{"class":101},[50,28861,105],{"class":64},[20,28863,28864],{},[3824,28865,353],{},[41,28867,28869],{"className":43,"code":28868,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"('age', 25)\n",[15,28870,28871],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,28872,28873,28875,28877,28879,28881,28883,28885],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,28874,98],{"class":64},[50,28876,611],{"class":604},[50,28878,833],{"class":608},[50,28880,611],{"class":604},[50,28882,72],{"class":64},[50,28884,9384],{"class":68},[50,28886,105],{"class":64},[20,28888,28889],{},"You can store the result in one variable:",[41,28891,28893],{"className":43,"code":28892,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"result = person.popitem()\n",[15,28894,28895],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,28896,28897,28899,28901,28903,28905,28907],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,28898,89],{"class":56},[50,28900,61],{"class":60},[50,28902,13320],{"class":56},[50,28904,425],{"class":64},[50,28906,28617],{"class":101},[50,28908,8722],{"class":64},[20,28910,28911],{},"Or unpack it into two variables:",[41,28913,28915],{"className":43,"code":28914,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"key, value = person.popitem()\n",[15,28916,28917],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,28918,28919,28921,28923,28925,28927,28929,28931,28933],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,28920,237],{"class":56},[50,28922,72],{"class":64},[50,28924,21653],{"class":56},[50,28926,61],{"class":60},[50,28928,13320],{"class":56},[50,28930,425],{"class":64},[50,28932,28617],{"class":101},[50,28934,8722],{"class":64},[36,28936,271],{"id":270},[20,28938,28939],{},"Here is a basic example showing what gets removed and what remains in the dictionary:",[41,28941,28943],{"className":43,"code":28942,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"scores = {\"Tom\": 80, \"Ana\": 95, \"Leo\": 88}\n\nremoved_pair = scores.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_pair)\nprint(\"After removal:\", scores)\n",[15,28944,28945,28993,28997,29012,29016,29036],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,28946,28947,28949,28951,28953,28955,28958,28960,28962,28964,28966,28968,28970,28972,28974,28977,28979,28981,28984,28986,28988,28991],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,28948,5143],{"class":56},[50,28950,61],{"class":60},[50,28952,632],{"class":64},[50,28954,811],{"class":604},[50,28956,28957],{"class":608},"Tom",[50,28959,811],{"class":604},[50,28961,819],{"class":64},[50,28963,5155],{"class":68},[50,28965,72],{"class":64},[50,28967,700],{"class":604},[50,28969,824],{"class":608},[50,28971,811],{"class":604},[50,28973,819],{"class":64},[50,28975,28976],{"class":68}," 95",[50,28978,72],{"class":64},[50,28980,700],{"class":604},[50,28982,28983],{"class":608},"Leo",[50,28985,811],{"class":604},[50,28987,819],{"class":64},[50,28989,28990],{"class":68}," 88",[50,28992,645],{"class":64},[50,28994,28995],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,28996,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,28998,28999,29002,29004,29006,29008,29010],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,29000,29001],{"class":56},"removed_pair ",[50,29003,61],{"class":60},[50,29005,5190],{"class":56},[50,29007,425],{"class":64},[50,29009,28617],{"class":101},[50,29011,8722],{"class":64},[50,29013,29014],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,29015,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,29017,29018,29020,29022,29024,29027,29029,29031,29034],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,29019,118],{"class":94},[50,29021,98],{"class":64},[50,29023,811],{"class":604},[50,29025,29026],{"class":608},"Removed:",[50,29028,811],{"class":604},[50,29030,72],{"class":64},[50,29032,29033],{"class":101}," removed_pair",[50,29035,105],{"class":64},[50,29037,29038,29040,29042,29044,29047,29049,29051,29053],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,29039,118],{"class":94},[50,29041,98],{"class":64},[50,29043,811],{"class":604},[50,29045,29046],{"class":608},"After removal:",[50,29048,811],{"class":604},[50,29050,72],{"class":64},[50,29052,5190],{"class":101},[50,29054,105],{"class":64},[20,29056,29057],{},[3824,29058,353],{},[41,29060,29062],{"className":43,"code":29061,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Removed: ('Leo', 88)\nAfter removal: {'Tom': 80, 'Ana': 95}\n",[15,29063,29064,29085],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,29065,29066,29069,29071,29073,29075,29077,29079,29081,29083],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,29067,29068],{"class":56},"Removed",[50,29070,819],{"class":64},[50,29072,521],{"class":64},[50,29074,611],{"class":604},[50,29076,28983],{"class":608},[50,29078,611],{"class":604},[50,29080,72],{"class":64},[50,29082,28990],{"class":68},[50,29084,105],{"class":64},[50,29086,29087,29090,29092,29094,29096,29098,29100,29102,29104,29106,29108,29110,29112,29114,29116],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,29088,29089],{"class":56},"After removal",[50,29091,819],{"class":64},[50,29093,632],{"class":64},[50,29095,611],{"class":604},[50,29097,28957],{"class":608},[50,29099,611],{"class":604},[50,29101,819],{"class":64},[50,29103,5155],{"class":68},[50,29105,72],{"class":64},[50,29107,605],{"class":604},[50,29109,824],{"class":608},[50,29111,611],{"class":604},[50,29113,819],{"class":64},[50,29115,28976],{"class":68},[50,29117,645],{"class":64},[20,29119,29120,29121,29124],{},"The last inserted item was ",[15,29122,29123],{},"\"Leo\": 88",", so that is the pair that gets removed.",[36,29126,29128],{"id":29127},"using-tuple-unpacking","Using tuple unpacking",[20,29130,29131,29132,29134],{},"Because ",[15,29133,12843],{}," returns a tuple, tuple unpacking is often the easiest way to use it.",[41,29136,29138],{"className":43,"code":29137,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"book = {\"title\": \"Python Basics\", \"pages\": 200}\n\nkey, value = book.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Key:\", key)\nprint(\"Value:\", value)\nprint(\"Dictionary:\", book)\n",[15,29139,29140,29176,29180,29199,29203,29222,29241],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,29141,29142,29144,29146,29148,29150,29152,29154,29156,29158,29160,29162,29164,29166,29168,29170,29172,29174],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,29143,15520],{"class":56},[50,29145,61],{"class":60},[50,29147,632],{"class":64},[50,29149,811],{"class":604},[50,29151,15531],{"class":608},[50,29153,811],{"class":604},[50,29155,819],{"class":64},[50,29157,700],{"class":604},[50,29159,15540],{"class":608},[50,29161,811],{"class":604},[50,29163,72],{"class":64},[50,29165,700],{"class":604},[50,29167,15551],{"class":608},[50,29169,811],{"class":604},[50,29171,819],{"class":64},[50,29173,26976],{"class":68},[50,29175,645],{"class":64},[50,29177,29178],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,29179,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,29181,29182,29184,29186,29188,29190,29193,29195,29197],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,29183,237],{"class":56},[50,29185,72],{"class":64},[50,29187,21653],{"class":56},[50,29189,61],{"class":60},[50,29191,29192],{"class":56}," book",[50,29194,425],{"class":64},[50,29196,28617],{"class":101},[50,29198,8722],{"class":64},[50,29200,29201],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,29202,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,29204,29205,29207,29209,29211,29214,29216,29218,29220],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,29206,118],{"class":94},[50,29208,98],{"class":64},[50,29210,811],{"class":604},[50,29212,29213],{"class":608},"Key:",[50,29215,811],{"class":604},[50,29217,72],{"class":64},[50,29219,202],{"class":101},[50,29221,105],{"class":64},[50,29223,29224,29226,29228,29230,29233,29235,29237,29239],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,29225,118],{"class":94},[50,29227,98],{"class":64},[50,29229,811],{"class":604},[50,29231,29232],{"class":608},"Value:",[50,29234,811],{"class":604},[50,29236,72],{"class":64},[50,29238,8512],{"class":101},[50,29240,105],{"class":64},[50,29242,29243,29245,29247,29249,29252,29254,29256,29258],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,29244,118],{"class":94},[50,29246,98],{"class":64},[50,29248,811],{"class":604},[50,29250,29251],{"class":608},"Dictionary:",[50,29253,811],{"class":604},[50,29255,72],{"class":64},[50,29257,29192],{"class":101},[50,29259,105],{"class":64},[20,29261,29262],{},[3824,29263,353],{},[41,29265,29267],{"className":43,"code":29266,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Key: pages\nValue: 200\nDictionary: {'title': 'Python Basics'}\n",[15,29268,29269,29279,29289],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,29270,29271,29274,29276],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,29272,29273],{"class":56},"Key",[50,29275,819],{"class":64},[50,29277,29278],{"class":56}," pages\n",[50,29280,29281,29284,29286],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,29282,29283],{"class":56},"Value",[50,29285,819],{"class":64},[50,29287,29288],{"class":68}," 200\n",[50,29290,29291,29293,29295,29297,29299,29301,29303,29305,29307,29309,29311],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,29292,788],{"class":56},[50,29294,819],{"class":64},[50,29296,632],{"class":64},[50,29298,611],{"class":604},[50,29300,15531],{"class":608},[50,29302,611],{"class":604},[50,29304,819],{"class":64},[50,29306,605],{"class":604},[50,29308,15540],{"class":608},[50,29310,611],{"class":604},[50,29312,645],{"class":64},[20,29314,29315],{},"This is useful when you want to process removed items one at a time.",[36,29317,29319],{"id":29318},"order-behavior","Order behavior",[20,29321,29322,29323,28548,29325,425],{},"In current Python versions, ",[15,29324,12843],{},[3824,29326,28551],{},[20,29328,1602],{},[41,29330,29332],{"className":43,"code":29331,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2, \"z\": 3}\nprint(data.popitem())\n",[15,29333,29334,29378],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,29335,29336,29338,29340,29342,29344,29346,29348,29350,29352,29354,29356,29358,29360,29362,29364,29366,29368,29370,29372,29374,29376],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,29337,9246],{"class":56},[50,29339,61],{"class":60},[50,29341,632],{"class":64},[50,29343,811],{"class":604},[50,29345,2273],{"class":608},[50,29347,811],{"class":604},[50,29349,819],{"class":64},[50,29351,75],{"class":68},[50,29353,72],{"class":64},[50,29355,700],{"class":604},[50,29357,780],{"class":608},[50,29359,811],{"class":604},[50,29361,819],{"class":64},[50,29363,80],{"class":68},[50,29365,72],{"class":64},[50,29367,700],{"class":604},[50,29369,22146],{"class":608},[50,29371,811],{"class":604},[50,29373,819],{"class":64},[50,29375,500],{"class":68},[50,29377,645],{"class":64},[50,29379,29380,29382,29384,29386,29388,29390],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,29381,118],{"class":94},[50,29383,98],{"class":64},[50,29385,9284],{"class":101},[50,29387,425],{"class":64},[50,29389,28617],{"class":101},[50,29391,7273],{"class":64},[20,29393,29394],{},[3824,29395,353],{},[41,29397,29399],{"className":43,"code":29398,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"('z', 3)\n",[15,29400,29401],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,29402,29403,29405,29407,29409,29411,29413,29415],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,29404,98],{"class":64},[50,29406,611],{"class":604},[50,29408,22146],{"class":608},[50,29410,611],{"class":604},[50,29412,72],{"class":64},[50,29414,500],{"class":68},[50,29416,105],{"class":64},[20,29418,29419],{},"This matters because dictionaries keep insertion order in modern Python.",[20,29421,29422,29423,29425,29426,29428],{},"As a beginner, do ",[3824,29424,4709],{}," think of ",[15,29427,12843],{}," as removing a random item. In current Python, it removes the most recently added one.",[20,29430,29431,29432,31,29436,17144,29440,425],{},"If you want to inspect dictionary contents without removing anything, see ",[421,29433,29434],{"href":17147},[15,29435,17150],{},[421,29437,29438],{"href":17134},[15,29439,17137],{},[421,29441,29442],{"href":17140},[15,29443,17143],{},[36,29445,29447,29448,4472,29450],{"id":29446},"difference-between-popitem-and-pop","Difference between ",[15,29449,12843],{},[15,29451,12836],{},[20,29453,29454,4472,29456,29458],{},[15,29455,12843],{},[15,29457,12836],{}," both remove data from a dictionary, but they work differently.",[222,29460,29461],{"id":28617},[15,29462,12843],{},[158,29464,29465,29468,29471],{},[161,29466,29467],{},"removes the last inserted item automatically",[161,29469,29470],{},"does not need a key argument",[161,29472,3773,29473],{},[15,29474,21724],{},[222,29476,29477],{"id":26310},[15,29478,12836],{},[158,29480,29481,29484,29487],{},[161,29482,29483],{},"removes the item for a specific key",[161,29485,29486],{},"needs the key name",[161,29488,29489],{},"returns only the value",[20,29491,1602],{},[41,29493,29495],{"className":43,"code":29494,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nitem = data.popitem()\nprint(\"popitem():\", item)\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"a\")\nprint(\"pop('a'):\", value)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,29496,29497,29541,29545,29559,29579,29583,29605,29624,29628],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,29498,29499,29501,29503,29505,29507,29509,29511,29513,29515,29517,29519,29521,29523,29525,29527,29529,29531,29533,29535,29537,29539],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,29500,9246],{"class":56},[50,29502,61],{"class":60},[50,29504,632],{"class":64},[50,29506,811],{"class":604},[50,29508,421],{"class":608},[50,29510,811],{"class":604},[50,29512,819],{"class":64},[50,29514,75],{"class":68},[50,29516,72],{"class":64},[50,29518,700],{"class":604},[50,29520,4839],{"class":608},[50,29522,811],{"class":604},[50,29524,819],{"class":64},[50,29526,80],{"class":68},[50,29528,72],{"class":64},[50,29530,700],{"class":604},[50,29532,9817],{"class":608},[50,29534,811],{"class":604},[50,29536,819],{"class":64},[50,29538,500],{"class":68},[50,29540,645],{"class":64},[50,29542,29543],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,29544,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,29546,29547,29549,29551,29553,29555,29557],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,29548,28608],{"class":56},[50,29550,61],{"class":60},[50,29552,14639],{"class":56},[50,29554,425],{"class":64},[50,29556,28617],{"class":101},[50,29558,8722],{"class":64},[50,29560,29561,29563,29565,29567,29570,29572,29574,29577],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,29562,118],{"class":94},[50,29564,98],{"class":64},[50,29566,811],{"class":604},[50,29568,29569],{"class":608},"popitem():",[50,29571,811],{"class":604},[50,29573,72],{"class":64},[50,29575,29576],{"class":101}," item",[50,29578,105],{"class":64},[50,29580,29581],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,29582,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,29584,29585,29587,29589,29591,29593,29595,29597,29599,29601,29603],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,29586,2544],{"class":56},[50,29588,61],{"class":60},[50,29590,14639],{"class":56},[50,29592,425],{"class":64},[50,29594,26310],{"class":101},[50,29596,98],{"class":64},[50,29598,811],{"class":604},[50,29600,421],{"class":608},[50,29602,811],{"class":604},[50,29604,105],{"class":64},[50,29606,29607,29609,29611,29613,29616,29618,29620,29622],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,29608,118],{"class":94},[50,29610,98],{"class":64},[50,29612,811],{"class":604},[50,29614,29615],{"class":608},"pop('a'):",[50,29617,811],{"class":604},[50,29619,72],{"class":64},[50,29621,8512],{"class":101},[50,29623,105],{"class":64},[50,29625,29626],{"class":52,"line":6503},[50,29627,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,29629,29630,29632,29634,29636],{"class":52,"line":6509},[50,29631,118],{"class":94},[50,29633,98],{"class":64},[50,29635,9284],{"class":101},[50,29637,105],{"class":64},[20,29639,29640],{},[3824,29641,353],{},[41,29643,29645],{"className":43,"code":29644,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"popitem(): ('c', 3)\npop('a'): 1\n{'b': 2}\n",[15,29646,29647,29668,29685],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,29648,29649,29651,29654,29656,29658,29660,29662,29664,29666],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,29650,28617],{"class":101},[50,29652,29653],{"class":64},"():",[50,29655,521],{"class":64},[50,29657,611],{"class":604},[50,29659,9817],{"class":608},[50,29661,611],{"class":604},[50,29663,72],{"class":64},[50,29665,500],{"class":68},[50,29667,105],{"class":64},[50,29669,29670,29672,29674,29676,29678,29680,29682],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,29671,26310],{"class":101},[50,29673,98],{"class":64},[50,29675,611],{"class":604},[50,29677,421],{"class":608},[50,29679,611],{"class":604},[50,29681,16523],{"class":64},[50,29683,29684],{"class":68}," 1\n",[50,29686,29687,29689,29691,29693,29695,29697,29699],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,29688,9357],{"class":64},[50,29690,611],{"class":604},[50,29692,4839],{"class":608},[50,29694,611],{"class":604},[50,29696,819],{"class":64},[50,29698,80],{"class":68},[50,29700,645],{"class":64},[20,29702,920,29703,29707],{},[421,29704,29705],{"href":12641},[15,29706,12836],{}," when you know the key.",[20,29709,920,29710,29712],{},[15,29711,12843],{}," when you want to remove one item without naming the key.",[36,29714,29716],{"id":29715},"what-happens-if-the-dictionary-is-empty","What happens if the dictionary is empty",[20,29718,1767,29719,29721],{},[15,29720,12843],{}," on an empty dictionary raises an error:",[41,29723,29725],{"className":43,"code":29724,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {}\ndata.popitem()\n",[15,29726,29727,29735],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,29728,29729,29731,29733],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,29730,9246],{"class":56},[50,29732,61],{"class":60},[50,29734,9916],{"class":64},[50,29736,29737,29739,29741,29743],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,29738,9284],{"class":56},[50,29740,425],{"class":64},[50,29742,28617],{"class":101},[50,29744,8722],{"class":64},[20,29746,29747],{},[3824,29748,29749],{},"Error:",[41,29751,29753],{"className":43,"code":29752,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"KeyError: 'popitem(): dictionary is empty'\n",[15,29754,29755],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,29756,29757,29759,29761,29763,29766],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,29758,19757],{"class":557},[50,29760,819],{"class":64},[50,29762,605],{"class":604},[50,29764,29765],{"class":608},"popitem(): dictionary is empty",[50,29767,29768],{"class":604},"'\n",[222,29770,29772],{"id":29771},"fix-1-check-that-the-dictionary-is-not-empty","Fix 1: Check that the dictionary is not empty",[41,29774,29776],{"className":43,"code":29775,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {}\n\nif data:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nelse:\n    print(\"Dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,29777,29778,29786,29790,29798,29813,29823,29829],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,29779,29780,29782,29784],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,29781,9246],{"class":56},[50,29783,61],{"class":60},[50,29785,9916],{"class":64},[50,29787,29788],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,29789,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,29791,29792,29794,29796],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,29793,7076],{"class":3957},[50,29795,14639],{"class":56},[50,29797,6470],{"class":64},[50,29799,29800,29803,29805,29807,29809,29811],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,29801,29802],{"class":56},"    item ",[50,29804,61],{"class":60},[50,29806,14639],{"class":56},[50,29808,425],{"class":64},[50,29810,28617],{"class":101},[50,29812,8722],{"class":64},[50,29814,29815,29817,29819,29821],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,29816,8148],{"class":94},[50,29818,98],{"class":64},[50,29820,23379],{"class":101},[50,29822,105],{"class":64},[50,29824,29825,29827],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,29826,27503],{"class":3957},[50,29828,6470],{"class":64},[50,29830,29831,29833,29835,29837,29840,29842],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,29832,8148],{"class":94},[50,29834,98],{"class":64},[50,29836,811],{"class":604},[50,29838,29839],{"class":608},"Dictionary is empty",[50,29841,811],{"class":604},[50,29843,105],{"class":64},[222,29845,29847,29848],{"id":29846},"fix-2-use-try-except","Fix 2: Use ",[15,29849,29850],{},"try-except",[41,29852,29854],{"className":43,"code":29853,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {}\n\ntry:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary\")\n",[15,29855,29856,29864,29868,29875,29889,29899,29909],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,29857,29858,29860,29862],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,29859,9246],{"class":56},[50,29861,61],{"class":60},[50,29863,9916],{"class":64},[50,29865,29866],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,29867,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,29869,29870,29873],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,29871,29872],{"class":3957},"try",[50,29874,6470],{"class":64},[50,29876,29877,29879,29881,29883,29885,29887],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,29878,29802],{"class":56},[50,29880,61],{"class":60},[50,29882,14639],{"class":56},[50,29884,425],{"class":64},[50,29886,28617],{"class":101},[50,29888,8722],{"class":64},[50,29890,29891,29893,29895,29897],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,29892,8148],{"class":94},[50,29894,98],{"class":64},[50,29896,23379],{"class":101},[50,29898,105],{"class":64},[50,29900,29901,29904,29907],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,29902,29903],{"class":3957},"except",[50,29905,29906],{"class":557}," KeyError",[50,29908,6470],{"class":64},[50,29910,29911,29913,29915,29917,29920,29922],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,29912,8148],{"class":94},[50,29914,98],{"class":64},[50,29916,811],{"class":604},[50,29918,29919],{"class":608},"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary",[50,29921,811],{"class":604},[50,29923,105],{"class":64},[20,29925,29926,29927,425],{},"If you are troubleshooting this error, see ",[421,29928,25748,29930],{"href":29929},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-popitem-dictionary-is-empty-fix\u002F",[15,29931,29932],{},"KeyError: popitem(): dictionary is empty",[36,29934,5040,29936],{"id":29935},"when-to-use-popitem",[15,29937,12843],{},[20,29939,29940,29942],{},[15,29941,12843],{}," is useful when:",[158,29944,29945,29948,29951],{},[161,29946,29947],{},"you want to remove and get one item at the same time",[161,29949,29950],{},"you are processing items until a dictionary becomes empty",[161,29952,29953],{},"dictionary order matters in your program",[20,29955,29956],{},"Example of processing items until the dictionary is empty:",[41,29958,29960],{"className":43,"code":29959,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"tasks = {\n    \"first\": \"wash dishes\",\n    \"second\": \"do homework\",\n    \"third\": \"read book\"\n}\n\nwhile tasks:\n    key, value = tasks.popitem()\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,29961,29962,29971,29991,30011,30029,30033,30037,30047,30066],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,29963,29964,29967,29969],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,29965,29966],{"class":56},"tasks ",[50,29968,61],{"class":60},[50,29970,11567],{"class":64},[50,29972,29973,29975,29978,29980,29982,29984,29987,29989],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,29974,11572],{"class":604},[50,29976,29977],{"class":608},"first",[50,29979,811],{"class":604},[50,29981,819],{"class":64},[50,29983,700],{"class":604},[50,29985,29986],{"class":608},"wash dishes",[50,29988,811],{"class":604},[50,29990,11588],{"class":64},[50,29992,29993,29995,29998,30000,30002,30004,30007,30009],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,29994,11572],{"class":604},[50,29996,29997],{"class":608},"second",[50,29999,811],{"class":604},[50,30001,819],{"class":64},[50,30003,700],{"class":604},[50,30005,30006],{"class":608},"do homework",[50,30008,811],{"class":604},[50,30010,11588],{"class":64},[50,30012,30013,30015,30018,30020,30022,30024,30027],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,30014,11572],{"class":604},[50,30016,30017],{"class":608},"third",[50,30019,811],{"class":604},[50,30021,819],{"class":64},[50,30023,700],{"class":604},[50,30025,30026],{"class":608},"read book",[50,30028,705],{"class":604},[50,30030,30031],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,30032,645],{"class":64},[50,30034,30035],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,30036,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,30038,30039,30042,30045],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,30040,30041],{"class":3957},"while",[50,30043,30044],{"class":56}," tasks",[50,30046,6470],{"class":64},[50,30048,30049,30052,30054,30056,30058,30060,30062,30064],{"class":52,"line":6503},[50,30050,30051],{"class":56},"    key",[50,30053,72],{"class":64},[50,30055,21653],{"class":56},[50,30057,61],{"class":60},[50,30059,30044],{"class":56},[50,30061,425],{"class":64},[50,30063,28617],{"class":101},[50,30065,8722],{"class":64},[50,30067,30068,30070,30072,30074,30076,30078,30080,30082,30084,30086,30088,30090,30092],{"class":52,"line":6509},[50,30069,8148],{"class":94},[50,30071,98],{"class":64},[50,30073,22363],{"class":600},[50,30075,811],{"class":608},[50,30077,9357],{"class":68},[50,30079,237],{"class":101},[50,30081,22372],{"class":68},[50,30083,22375],{"class":608},[50,30085,9357],{"class":68},[50,30087,2570],{"class":101},[50,30089,22372],{"class":68},[50,30091,811],{"class":608},[50,30093,105],{"class":64},[20,30095,30096],{},[3824,30097,30098],{},"Possible output:",[41,30100,30102],{"className":43,"code":30101,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"third: read book\nsecond: do homework\nfirst: wash dishes\n",[15,30103,30104,30113,30122],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,30105,30106,30108,30110],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,30107,30017],{"class":56},[50,30109,819],{"class":64},[50,30111,30112],{"class":56}," read book\n",[50,30114,30115,30117,30119],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,30116,29997],{"class":56},[50,30118,819],{"class":64},[50,30120,30121],{"class":56}," do homework\n",[50,30123,30124,30126,30128],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,30125,29977],{"class":56},[50,30127,819],{"class":64},[50,30129,30130],{"class":56}," wash dishes\n",[20,30132,29131,30133,30135],{},[15,30134,12843],{}," removes the last inserted item, this works like removing items from the end.",[36,30137,1743],{"id":1742},[20,30139,14806,30140,819],{},[15,30141,12843],{},[158,30143,30144,30158,30177,30188],{},[161,30145,30146,30151],{},[3824,30147,1767,30148,30150],{},[15,30149,12843],{}," on an empty dictionary",[158,30152,30153],{},[161,30154,30155,30156,425],{},"This raises ",[15,30157,19757],{},[161,30159,30160,30165],{},[3824,30161,8532,30162,30164],{},[15,30163,12843],{}," to remove a specific key",[158,30166,30167,30170],{},[161,30168,30169],{},"It does not let you choose the key.",[161,30171,920,30172,30176],{},[421,30173,30174],{"href":12641},[15,30175,12836],{}," if you need that.",[161,30178,30179,30183],{},[3824,30180,1756,30181,27769],{},[15,30182,12843],{},[158,30184,30185],{},[161,30186,30187],{},"The removed item is gone after the call.",[161,30189,30190,30193],{},[3824,30191,30192],{},"Assuming the return value is only the value",[158,30194,30195],{},[161,30196,30197,22044,30199,30201],{},[15,30198,12843],{},[15,30200,21724],{}," tuple.",[20,30203,30204],{},"Helpful debugging checks:",[41,30206,30208],{"className":43,"code":30207,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(my_dict)\nprint(len(my_dict))\n\nitem = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(item)\n",[15,30209,30210,30220,30234,30238,30252],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,30211,30212,30214,30216,30218],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,30213,118],{"class":94},[50,30215,98],{"class":64},[50,30217,11525],{"class":101},[50,30219,105],{"class":64},[50,30221,30222,30224,30226,30228,30230,30232],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,30223,118],{"class":94},[50,30225,98],{"class":64},[50,30227,1267],{"class":94},[50,30229,98],{"class":64},[50,30231,11525],{"class":101},[50,30233,478],{"class":64},[50,30235,30236],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,30237,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,30239,30240,30242,30244,30246,30248,30250],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,30241,28608],{"class":56},[50,30243,61],{"class":60},[50,30245,11840],{"class":56},[50,30247,425],{"class":64},[50,30249,28617],{"class":101},[50,30251,8722],{"class":64},[50,30253,30254,30256,30258,30260],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,30255,118],{"class":94},[50,30257,98],{"class":64},[50,30259,23379],{"class":101},[50,30261,105],{"class":64},[20,30263,30264],{},"Or with unpacking:",[41,30266,30268],{"className":43,"code":30267,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"key, value = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(key)\nprint(value)\n",[15,30269,30270,30288,30298],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,30271,30272,30274,30276,30278,30280,30282,30284,30286],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,30273,237],{"class":56},[50,30275,72],{"class":64},[50,30277,21653],{"class":56},[50,30279,61],{"class":60},[50,30281,11840],{"class":56},[50,30283,425],{"class":64},[50,30285,28617],{"class":101},[50,30287,8722],{"class":64},[50,30289,30290,30292,30294,30296],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,30291,118],{"class":94},[50,30293,98],{"class":64},[50,30295,237],{"class":101},[50,30297,105],{"class":64},[50,30299,30300,30302,30304,30306],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,30301,118],{"class":94},[50,30303,98],{"class":64},[50,30305,2570],{"class":101},[50,30307,105],{"class":64},[36,30309,1913],{"id":1912},[222,30311,1927,30313,5224],{"id":30312},"what-does-popitem-return-in-python",[15,30314,12843],{},[20,30316,30317,30318,425],{},"It returns the removed key-value pair as a tuple, such as ",[15,30319,30320],{},"('name', 'Alice')",[222,30322,1917,30324,30326],{"id":30323},"does-popitem-remove-the-last-item",[15,30325,12843],{}," remove the last item?",[20,30328,30329],{},"Yes. In modern Python, it removes the last inserted key-value pair.",[222,30331,30333,30334,30336],{"id":30332},"can-i-choose-which-key-popitem-removes","Can I choose which key ",[15,30335,12843],{}," removes?",[20,30338,30339,30340,30344],{},"No. Use ",[421,30341,30342],{"href":12641},[15,30343,12836],{}," if you want to remove a specific key.",[222,30346,1917,30348,14968],{"id":30347},"does-popitem-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,30349,12843],{},[20,30351,30352],{},"Yes. The item is removed from the dictionary.",[222,30354,30356,30357,30359],{"id":30355},"what-error-does-popitem-raise-on-an-empty-dictionary","What error does ",[15,30358,12843],{}," raise on an empty dictionary?",[20,30361,30362,30363,30365,30366,425],{},"It raises ",[15,30364,19757],{}," with the message ",[15,30367,29765],{},[36,30369,1975],{"id":1974},[158,30371,30372,30379,30385,30391,30397,30404,30408,30412],{},[161,30373,30374],{},[421,30375,30376,30378],{"href":12641},[15,30377,12836],{}," method for dictionaries",[161,30380,30381],{},[421,30382,30383,30378],{"href":17147},[15,30384,17150],{},[161,30386,30387],{},[421,30388,30389,30378],{"href":17134},[15,30390,17137],{},[161,30392,30393],{},[421,30394,30395,30378],{"href":17140},[15,30396,17143],{},[161,30398,30399],{},[421,30400,30402,30378],{"href":30401},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method\u002F",[15,30403,11396],{},[161,30405,30406],{},[421,30407,12860],{"href":12648},[161,30409,30410],{},[421,30411,21527],{"href":16668},[161,30413,30414],{},[421,30415,30416,30417],{"href":29929},"Fix ",[15,30418,29932],{},[2018,30420,30421],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":30423},[30424,30425,30427,30428,30429,30430,30431,30432,30437,30442,30444,30445,30457],{"id":2104,"depth":86,"text":2105},{"id":28704,"depth":86,"text":30426},"What popitem() does",{"id":180,"depth":86,"text":181},{"id":28774,"depth":86,"text":28775},{"id":270,"depth":86,"text":271},{"id":29127,"depth":86,"text":29128},{"id":29318,"depth":86,"text":29319},{"id":29446,"depth":86,"text":30433,"children":30434},"Difference between popitem() and pop()",[30435,30436],{"id":28617,"depth":108,"text":12843},{"id":26310,"depth":108,"text":12836},{"id":29715,"depth":86,"text":29716,"children":30438},[30439,30440],{"id":29771,"depth":108,"text":29772},{"id":29846,"depth":108,"text":30441},"Fix 2: Use try-except",{"id":29935,"depth":86,"text":30443},"When to use popitem()",{"id":1742,"depth":86,"text":1743},{"id":1912,"depth":86,"text":1913,"children":30446},[30447,30449,30451,30453,30455],{"id":30312,"depth":108,"text":30448},"What does popitem() return in Python?",{"id":30323,"depth":108,"text":30450},"Does popitem() remove the last item?",{"id":30332,"depth":108,"text":30452},"Can I choose which key popitem() removes?",{"id":30347,"depth":108,"text":30454},"Does popitem() change the original dictionary?",{"id":30355,"depth":108,"text":30456},"What error does popitem() raise on an empty dictionary?",{"id":1974,"depth":86,"text":1975},"Master python dictionary popitem method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method",{"title":28443,"description":30458},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method","d7cKBI9V3R325yBRPJbIvubWICPrhq9HWsLXK3gZqNw",{"id":30465,"title":30466,"body":30467,"description":32370,"extension":2064,"meta":32371,"navigation":111,"path":14105,"seo":32372,"stem":32373,"__hash__":32374},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method.md","Python Dictionary update() Method",{"type":7,"value":30468,"toc":32342},[30469,30474,30479,30482,30484,30581,30586,30591,30596,30599,30607,30610,30625,30627,30727,30729,30786,30790,30792,30795,30815,30820,30831,30834,30861,30864,30866,30923,30925,30946,30952,30957,30960,30971,30973,31081,31083,31136,31138,31150,31157,31163,31168,31171,31259,31261,31306,31309,31317,31320,31323,31392,31395,31398,31402,31405,31476,31478,31531,31534,31537,31540,31555,31558,31570,31573,31636,31638,31644,31646,31648,31727,31729,31770,31772,31837,31839,31876,31881,31886,31890,31904,31907,32030,32032,32117,32122,32124,32128,32150,32153,32233,32236,32255,32260,32262,32268,32273,32279,32282,32288,32291,32297,32302,32308,32314,32316,32339],[10,30470,11393,30472,11397],{"id":30471},"python-dictionary-update-method",[15,30473,15026],{},[20,30475,1185,30476,30478],{},[15,30477,15026],{}," method changes a dictionary by adding new key-value pairs or replacing existing values.",[20,30480,30481],{},"Use it when you want to modify an existing dictionary instead of creating a new one.",[36,30483,2105],{"id":2104},[41,30485,30487],{"className":43,"code":30486,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nperson.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,30488,30489,30525,30566,30576],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,30490,30491,30493,30495,30497,30499,30501,30503,30505,30507,30509,30511,30513,30515,30517,30519,30521,30523],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,30492,804],{"class":56},[50,30494,61],{"class":60},[50,30496,632],{"class":64},[50,30498,811],{"class":604},[50,30500,814],{"class":608},[50,30502,811],{"class":604},[50,30504,819],{"class":64},[50,30506,700],{"class":604},[50,30508,824],{"class":608},[50,30510,811],{"class":604},[50,30512,72],{"class":64},[50,30514,700],{"class":604},[50,30516,833],{"class":608},[50,30518,811],{"class":604},[50,30520,819],{"class":64},[50,30522,840],{"class":68},[50,30524,645],{"class":64},[50,30526,30527,30529,30531,30534,30536,30538,30540,30542,30544,30547,30549,30551,30553,30555,30557,30559,30561,30563],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,30528,873],{"class":56},[50,30530,425],{"class":64},[50,30532,30533],{"class":101},"update",[50,30535,5607],{"class":64},[50,30537,811],{"class":604},[50,30539,833],{"class":608},[50,30541,811],{"class":604},[50,30543,819],{"class":64},[50,30545,30546],{"class":68}," 21",[50,30548,72],{"class":64},[50,30550,700],{"class":604},[50,30552,847],{"class":608},[50,30554,811],{"class":604},[50,30556,819],{"class":64},[50,30558,700],{"class":604},[50,30560,856],{"class":608},[50,30562,811],{"class":604},[50,30564,30565],{"class":64},"})\n",[50,30567,30568,30570,30572,30574],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,30569,118],{"class":94},[50,30571,98],{"class":64},[50,30573,873],{"class":101},[50,30575,105],{"class":64},[50,30577,30578],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,30579,30580],{"class":129},"# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[20,30582,920,30583,30585],{},[15,30584,15026],{}," to add new keys or overwrite existing keys from another dictionary or iterable of key-value pairs.",[36,30587,153,30589,156],{"id":30588},"what-update-does",[15,30590,15026],{},[20,30592,30593,30595],{},[15,30594,15026],{}," modifies the original dictionary in place.",[20,30597,30598],{},"It can do two main things:",[158,30600,30601,30604],{},[161,30602,30603],{},"Add new key-value pairs",[161,30605,30606],{},"Replace values for keys that already exist",[20,30608,30609],{},"Important things to know:",[158,30611,30612,30615,30618,30622],{},[161,30613,30614],{},"It changes the dictionary directly",[161,30616,30617],{},"It does not sort the dictionary",[161,30619,5227,30620],{},[15,30621,208],{},[161,30623,30624],{},"You should not assign its result to a new variable",[20,30626,1602],{},[41,30628,30630],{"className":43,"code":30629,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"student = {\"name\": \"Mira\", \"grade\": \"B\"}\nstudent.update({\"grade\": \"A\", \"city\": \"Quito\"})\nprint(student)\n",[15,30631,30632,30674,30717],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,30633,30634,30636,30638,30640,30642,30644,30646,30648,30650,30653,30655,30657,30659,30661,30663,30665,30667,30670,30672],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,30635,12937],{"class":56},[50,30637,61],{"class":60},[50,30639,632],{"class":64},[50,30641,811],{"class":604},[50,30643,814],{"class":608},[50,30645,811],{"class":604},[50,30647,819],{"class":64},[50,30649,700],{"class":604},[50,30651,30652],{"class":608},"Mira",[50,30654,811],{"class":604},[50,30656,72],{"class":64},[50,30658,700],{"class":604},[50,30660,19961],{"class":608},[50,30662,811],{"class":604},[50,30664,819],{"class":64},[50,30666,700],{"class":604},[50,30668,30669],{"class":608},"B",[50,30671,811],{"class":604},[50,30673,645],{"class":64},[50,30675,30676,30678,30680,30682,30684,30686,30688,30690,30692,30694,30696,30698,30700,30702,30704,30706,30708,30710,30713,30715],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,30677,13699],{"class":56},[50,30679,425],{"class":64},[50,30681,30533],{"class":101},[50,30683,5607],{"class":64},[50,30685,811],{"class":604},[50,30687,19961],{"class":608},[50,30689,811],{"class":604},[50,30691,819],{"class":64},[50,30693,700],{"class":604},[50,30695,22314],{"class":608},[50,30697,811],{"class":604},[50,30699,72],{"class":64},[50,30701,700],{"class":604},[50,30703,847],{"class":608},[50,30705,811],{"class":604},[50,30707,819],{"class":64},[50,30709,700],{"class":604},[50,30711,30712],{"class":608},"Quito",[50,30714,811],{"class":604},[50,30716,30565],{"class":64},[50,30718,30719,30721,30723,30725],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,30720,118],{"class":94},[50,30722,98],{"class":64},[50,30724,13699],{"class":101},[50,30726,105],{"class":64},[20,30728,353],{},[41,30730,30732],{"className":43,"code":30731,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'name': 'Mira', 'grade': 'A', 'city': 'Quito'}\n",[15,30733,30734],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,30735,30736,30738,30740,30742,30744,30746,30748,30750,30752,30754,30756,30758,30760,30762,30764,30766,30768,30770,30772,30774,30776,30778,30780,30782,30784],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,30737,9357],{"class":64},[50,30739,611],{"class":604},[50,30741,814],{"class":608},[50,30743,611],{"class":604},[50,30745,819],{"class":64},[50,30747,605],{"class":604},[50,30749,30652],{"class":608},[50,30751,611],{"class":604},[50,30753,72],{"class":64},[50,30755,605],{"class":604},[50,30757,19961],{"class":608},[50,30759,611],{"class":604},[50,30761,819],{"class":64},[50,30763,605],{"class":604},[50,30765,22314],{"class":608},[50,30767,611],{"class":604},[50,30769,72],{"class":64},[50,30771,605],{"class":604},[50,30773,847],{"class":608},[50,30775,611],{"class":604},[50,30777,819],{"class":64},[50,30779,605],{"class":604},[50,30781,30712],{"class":608},[50,30783,611],{"class":604},[50,30785,645],{"class":64},[20,30787,9232,30788,425],{},[421,30789,24697],{"href":9468},[36,30791,181],{"id":180},[20,30793,30794],{},"The basic form is:",[41,30796,30798],{"className":43,"code":30797,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"dictionary.update(other)\n",[15,30799,30800],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,30801,30802,30804,30806,30808,30810,30813],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,30803,787],{"class":56},[50,30805,425],{"class":64},[50,30807,30533],{"class":101},[50,30809,98],{"class":64},[50,30811,30812],{"class":101},"other",[50,30814,105],{"class":64},[20,30816,30817,30819],{},[15,30818,30812],{}," can be:",[158,30821,30822,30825,30828],{},[161,30823,30824],{},"Another dictionary",[161,30826,30827],{},"An iterable of key-value pairs",[161,30829,30830],{},"Keyword arguments",[20,30832,30833],{},"You can also use:",[41,30835,30837],{"className":43,"code":30836,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"dictionary.update(name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,30838,30839],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,30840,30841,30843,30845,30847,30849,30851,30853,30855,30857,30859],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,30842,787],{"class":56},[50,30844,425],{"class":64},[50,30846,30533],{"class":101},[50,30848,98],{"class":64},[50,30850,814],{"class":201},[50,30852,61],{"class":60},[50,30854,811],{"class":604},[50,30856,7756],{"class":608},[50,30858,811],{"class":604},[50,30860,105],{"class":64},[20,30862,30863],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins.",[20,30865,1602],{},[41,30867,30869],{"className":43,"code":30868,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {\"a\": 1}\ndata.update({\"a\": 10})\nprint(data)\n",[15,30870,30871,30891,30913],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,30872,30873,30875,30877,30879,30881,30883,30885,30887,30889],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,30874,9246],{"class":56},[50,30876,61],{"class":60},[50,30878,632],{"class":64},[50,30880,811],{"class":604},[50,30882,421],{"class":608},[50,30884,811],{"class":604},[50,30886,819],{"class":64},[50,30888,75],{"class":68},[50,30890,645],{"class":64},[50,30892,30893,30895,30897,30899,30901,30903,30905,30907,30909,30911],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,30894,9284],{"class":56},[50,30896,425],{"class":64},[50,30898,30533],{"class":101},[50,30900,5607],{"class":64},[50,30902,811],{"class":604},[50,30904,421],{"class":608},[50,30906,811],{"class":604},[50,30908,819],{"class":64},[50,30910,6082],{"class":68},[50,30912,30565],{"class":64},[50,30914,30915,30917,30919,30921],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,30916,118],{"class":94},[50,30918,98],{"class":64},[50,30920,9284],{"class":101},[50,30922,105],{"class":64},[20,30924,353],{},[41,30926,30928],{"className":43,"code":30927,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'a': 10}\n",[15,30929,30930],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,30931,30932,30934,30936,30938,30940,30942,30944],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,30933,9357],{"class":64},[50,30935,611],{"class":604},[50,30937,421],{"class":608},[50,30939,611],{"class":604},[50,30941,819],{"class":64},[50,30943,6082],{"class":68},[50,30945,645],{"class":64},[36,30947,914,30949,30951],{"id":30948},"using-update-with-another-dictionary",[15,30950,15026],{}," with another dictionary",[20,30953,30954,30955,425],{},"This is the most common use of ",[15,30956,15026],{},[20,30958,30959],{},"It is useful when:",[158,30961,30962,30965,30968],{},[161,30963,30964],{},"Merging small dictionaries",[161,30966,30967],{},"Adding extra settings",[161,30969,30970],{},"Updating stored data",[20,30972,1602],{},[41,30974,30976],{"className":43,"code":30975,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"settings = {\"theme\": \"light\", \"font_size\": 12}\nnew_settings = {\"font_size\": 14, \"language\": \"en\"}\n\nsettings.update(new_settings)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,30977,30978,31015,31052,31056,31071],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,30979,30980,30982,30984,30986,30988,30990,30992,30994,30996,30998,31000,31002,31004,31006,31008,31010,31013],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,30981,13898],{"class":56},[50,30983,61],{"class":60},[50,30985,632],{"class":64},[50,30987,811],{"class":604},[50,30989,12569],{"class":608},[50,30991,811],{"class":604},[50,30993,819],{"class":64},[50,30995,700],{"class":604},[50,30997,20997],{"class":608},[50,30999,811],{"class":604},[50,31001,72],{"class":64},[50,31003,700],{"class":604},[50,31005,13923],{"class":608},[50,31007,811],{"class":604},[50,31009,819],{"class":64},[50,31011,31012],{"class":68}," 12",[50,31014,645],{"class":64},[50,31016,31017,31020,31022,31024,31026,31028,31030,31032,31034,31036,31038,31040,31042,31044,31046,31048,31050],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,31018,31019],{"class":56},"new_settings ",[50,31021,61],{"class":60},[50,31023,632],{"class":64},[50,31025,811],{"class":604},[50,31027,13923],{"class":608},[50,31029,811],{"class":604},[50,31031,819],{"class":64},[50,31033,13930],{"class":68},[50,31035,72],{"class":64},[50,31037,700],{"class":604},[50,31039,20193],{"class":608},[50,31041,811],{"class":604},[50,31043,819],{"class":64},[50,31045,700],{"class":604},[50,31047,20227],{"class":608},[50,31049,811],{"class":604},[50,31051,645],{"class":64},[50,31053,31054],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,31055,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,31057,31058,31060,31062,31064,31066,31069],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,31059,13957],{"class":56},[50,31061,425],{"class":64},[50,31063,30533],{"class":101},[50,31065,98],{"class":64},[50,31067,31068],{"class":101},"new_settings",[50,31070,105],{"class":64},[50,31072,31073,31075,31077,31079],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,31074,118],{"class":94},[50,31076,98],{"class":64},[50,31078,13957],{"class":101},[50,31080,105],{"class":64},[20,31082,353],{},[41,31084,31086],{"className":43,"code":31085,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'theme': 'light', 'font_size': 14, 'language': 'en'}\n",[15,31087,31088],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,31089,31090,31092,31094,31096,31098,31100,31102,31104,31106,31108,31110,31112,31114,31116,31118,31120,31122,31124,31126,31128,31130,31132,31134],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,31091,9357],{"class":64},[50,31093,611],{"class":604},[50,31095,12569],{"class":608},[50,31097,611],{"class":604},[50,31099,819],{"class":64},[50,31101,605],{"class":604},[50,31103,20997],{"class":608},[50,31105,611],{"class":604},[50,31107,72],{"class":64},[50,31109,605],{"class":604},[50,31111,13923],{"class":608},[50,31113,611],{"class":604},[50,31115,819],{"class":64},[50,31117,13930],{"class":68},[50,31119,72],{"class":64},[50,31121,605],{"class":604},[50,31123,20193],{"class":608},[50,31125,611],{"class":604},[50,31127,819],{"class":64},[50,31129,605],{"class":604},[50,31131,20227],{"class":608},[50,31133,611],{"class":604},[50,31135,645],{"class":64},[20,31137,13482],{},[158,31139,31140,31145],{},[161,31141,31142,31144],{},[15,31143,13923],{}," already existed, so its value was replaced",[161,31146,31147,31149],{},[15,31148,20193],{}," did not exist, so it was added",[20,31151,31152,31153,425],{},"If you want a task-focused guide, see ",[421,31154,31156],{"href":31155},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-merge-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","how to merge dictionaries in Python",[36,31158,914,31160,31162],{"id":31159},"using-update-with-key-value-pairs",[15,31161,15026],{}," with key-value pairs",[20,31164,31165,31167],{},[15,31166,15026],{}," also works with iterables that contain pairs.",[20,31169,31170],{},"For example, you can pass a list of tuples:",[41,31172,31174],{"className":43,"code":31173,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"scores = {\"math\": 90}\npairs = [(\"science\", 85), (\"english\", 88)]\n\nscores.update(pairs)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,31175,31176,31196,31231,31235,31249],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,31177,31178,31180,31182,31184,31186,31188,31190,31192,31194],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,31179,5143],{"class":56},[50,31181,61],{"class":60},[50,31183,632],{"class":64},[50,31185,811],{"class":604},[50,31187,18486],{"class":608},[50,31189,811],{"class":604},[50,31191,819],{"class":64},[50,31193,19968],{"class":68},[50,31195,645],{"class":64},[50,31197,31198,31200,31202,31204,31206,31208,31210,31212,31214,31216,31218,31220,31223,31225,31227,31229],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,31199,9295],{"class":56},[50,31201,61],{"class":60},[50,31203,9300],{"class":64},[50,31205,811],{"class":604},[50,31207,18495],{"class":608},[50,31209,811],{"class":604},[50,31211,72],{"class":64},[50,31213,13580],{"class":68},[50,31215,9313],{"class":64},[50,31217,521],{"class":64},[50,31219,811],{"class":604},[50,31221,31222],{"class":608},"english",[50,31224,811],{"class":604},[50,31226,72],{"class":64},[50,31228,28990],{"class":68},[50,31230,9328],{"class":64},[50,31232,31233],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,31234,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,31236,31237,31239,31241,31243,31245,31247],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,31238,16460],{"class":56},[50,31240,425],{"class":64},[50,31242,30533],{"class":101},[50,31244,98],{"class":64},[50,31246,9341],{"class":101},[50,31248,105],{"class":64},[50,31250,31251,31253,31255,31257],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,31252,118],{"class":94},[50,31254,98],{"class":64},[50,31256,16460],{"class":101},[50,31258,105],{"class":64},[20,31260,353],{},[41,31262,31264],{"className":43,"code":31263,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'math': 90, 'science': 85, 'english': 88}\n",[15,31265,31266],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,31267,31268,31270,31272,31274,31276,31278,31280,31282,31284,31286,31288,31290,31292,31294,31296,31298,31300,31302,31304],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,31269,9357],{"class":64},[50,31271,611],{"class":604},[50,31273,18486],{"class":608},[50,31275,611],{"class":604},[50,31277,819],{"class":64},[50,31279,19968],{"class":68},[50,31281,72],{"class":64},[50,31283,605],{"class":604},[50,31285,18495],{"class":608},[50,31287,611],{"class":604},[50,31289,819],{"class":64},[50,31291,13580],{"class":68},[50,31293,72],{"class":64},[50,31295,605],{"class":604},[50,31297,31222],{"class":608},[50,31299,611],{"class":604},[50,31301,819],{"class":64},[50,31303,28990],{"class":68},[50,31305,645],{"class":64},[20,31307,31308],{},"Each item must contain exactly two values:",[158,31310,31311,31314],{},[161,31312,31313],{},"The key",[161,31315,31316],{},"The value",[20,31318,31319],{},"Bad structure will raise an error.",[20,31321,31322],{},"Example of incorrect data:",[41,31324,31326],{"className":43,"code":31325,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {\"a\": 1}\nbad_pairs = [(\"b\", 2, 3)]\n\ndata.update(bad_pairs)\n",[15,31327,31328,31348,31373,31377],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,31329,31330,31332,31334,31336,31338,31340,31342,31344,31346],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,31331,9246],{"class":56},[50,31333,61],{"class":60},[50,31335,632],{"class":64},[50,31337,811],{"class":604},[50,31339,421],{"class":608},[50,31341,811],{"class":604},[50,31343,819],{"class":64},[50,31345,75],{"class":68},[50,31347,645],{"class":64},[50,31349,31350,31353,31355,31357,31359,31361,31363,31365,31367,31369,31371],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,31351,31352],{"class":56},"bad_pairs ",[50,31354,61],{"class":60},[50,31356,9300],{"class":64},[50,31358,811],{"class":604},[50,31360,4839],{"class":608},[50,31362,811],{"class":604},[50,31364,72],{"class":64},[50,31366,80],{"class":68},[50,31368,72],{"class":64},[50,31370,500],{"class":68},[50,31372,9328],{"class":64},[50,31374,31375],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,31376,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,31378,31379,31381,31383,31385,31387,31390],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,31380,9284],{"class":56},[50,31382,425],{"class":64},[50,31384,30533],{"class":101},[50,31386,98],{"class":64},[50,31388,31389],{"class":101},"bad_pairs",[50,31391,105],{"class":64},[20,31393,31394],{},"This causes an error because each item must be a pair.",[20,31396,31397],{},"This form is useful when you have simple data that needs to become dictionary entries.",[36,31399,31401],{"id":31400},"using-keyword-arguments","Using keyword arguments",[20,31403,31404],{},"You can also pass key-value pairs as keyword arguments:",[41,31406,31408],{"className":43,"code":31407,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"user = {\"name\": \"Leo\"}\nuser.update(age=25, city=\"Madrid\")\nprint(user)\n",[15,31409,31410,31434,31466],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,31411,31412,31414,31416,31418,31420,31422,31424,31426,31428,31430,31432],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,31413,11562],{"class":56},[50,31415,61],{"class":60},[50,31417,632],{"class":64},[50,31419,811],{"class":604},[50,31421,814],{"class":608},[50,31423,811],{"class":604},[50,31425,819],{"class":64},[50,31427,700],{"class":604},[50,31429,28983],{"class":608},[50,31431,811],{"class":604},[50,31433,645],{"class":64},[50,31435,31436,31438,31440,31442,31444,31446,31448,31450,31452,31455,31457,31459,31462,31464],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,31437,11656],{"class":56},[50,31439,425],{"class":64},[50,31441,30533],{"class":101},[50,31443,98],{"class":64},[50,31445,833],{"class":201},[50,31447,61],{"class":60},[50,31449,9273],{"class":68},[50,31451,72],{"class":64},[50,31453,31454],{"class":201}," city",[50,31456,61],{"class":60},[50,31458,811],{"class":604},[50,31460,31461],{"class":608},"Madrid",[50,31463,811],{"class":604},[50,31465,105],{"class":64},[50,31467,31468,31470,31472,31474],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,31469,118],{"class":94},[50,31471,98],{"class":64},[50,31473,11656],{"class":101},[50,31475,105],{"class":64},[20,31477,353],{},[41,31479,31481],{"className":43,"code":31480,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'name': 'Leo', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Madrid'}\n",[15,31482,31483],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,31484,31485,31487,31489,31491,31493,31495,31497,31499,31501,31503,31505,31507,31509,31511,31513,31515,31517,31519,31521,31523,31525,31527,31529],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,31486,9357],{"class":64},[50,31488,611],{"class":604},[50,31490,814],{"class":608},[50,31492,611],{"class":604},[50,31494,819],{"class":64},[50,31496,605],{"class":604},[50,31498,28983],{"class":608},[50,31500,611],{"class":604},[50,31502,72],{"class":64},[50,31504,605],{"class":604},[50,31506,833],{"class":608},[50,31508,611],{"class":604},[50,31510,819],{"class":64},[50,31512,9384],{"class":68},[50,31514,72],{"class":64},[50,31516,605],{"class":604},[50,31518,847],{"class":608},[50,31520,611],{"class":604},[50,31522,819],{"class":64},[50,31524,605],{"class":604},[50,31526,31461],{"class":608},[50,31528,611],{"class":604},[50,31530,645],{"class":64},[20,31532,31533],{},"This is convenient for simple string keys.",[20,31535,31536],{},"But there is one limit: keys must be valid Python identifiers.",[20,31538,31539],{},"These work:",[158,31541,31542,31546,31550],{},[161,31543,31544],{},[15,31545,833],{},[161,31547,31548],{},[15,31549,847],{},[161,31551,31552],{},[15,31553,31554],{},"first_name",[20,31556,31557],{},"These do not work as keyword arguments:",[158,31559,31560,31565],{},[161,31561,31562],{},[15,31563,31564],{},"\"first name\"",[161,31566,31567],{},[15,31568,31569],{},"\"user-id\"",[20,31571,31572],{},"For keys like that, use a dictionary instead:",[41,31574,31576],{"className":43,"code":31575,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"user = {}\nuser.update({\"first name\": \"Leo\", \"user-id\": 1001})\nprint(user)\n",[15,31577,31578,31586,31626],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,31579,31580,31582,31584],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,31581,11562],{"class":56},[50,31583,61],{"class":60},[50,31585,9916],{"class":64},[50,31587,31588,31590,31592,31594,31596,31598,31600,31602,31604,31606,31608,31610,31612,31614,31617,31619,31621,31624],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,31589,11656],{"class":56},[50,31591,425],{"class":64},[50,31593,30533],{"class":101},[50,31595,5607],{"class":64},[50,31597,811],{"class":604},[50,31599,10589],{"class":608},[50,31601,811],{"class":604},[50,31603,819],{"class":64},[50,31605,700],{"class":604},[50,31607,28983],{"class":608},[50,31609,811],{"class":604},[50,31611,72],{"class":64},[50,31613,700],{"class":604},[50,31615,31616],{"class":608},"user-id",[50,31618,811],{"class":604},[50,31620,819],{"class":64},[50,31622,31623],{"class":68}," 1001",[50,31625,30565],{"class":64},[50,31627,31628,31630,31632,31634],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,31629,118],{"class":94},[50,31631,98],{"class":64},[50,31633,11656],{"class":101},[50,31635,105],{"class":64},[36,31637,17488],{"id":17487},[20,31639,31640,2494,31642,425],{},[15,31641,15026],{},[15,31643,208],{},[20,31645,14121],{},[20,31647,24777],{},[41,31649,31651],{"className":43,"code":31650,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nresult = person.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(result)\nprint(person)\n",[15,31652,31653,31677,31703,31707,31717],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,31654,31655,31657,31659,31661,31663,31665,31667,31669,31671,31673,31675],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,31656,804],{"class":56},[50,31658,61],{"class":60},[50,31660,632],{"class":64},[50,31662,811],{"class":604},[50,31664,814],{"class":608},[50,31666,811],{"class":604},[50,31668,819],{"class":64},[50,31670,700],{"class":604},[50,31672,824],{"class":608},[50,31674,811],{"class":604},[50,31676,645],{"class":64},[50,31678,31679,31681,31683,31685,31687,31689,31691,31693,31695,31697,31699,31701],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,31680,89],{"class":56},[50,31682,61],{"class":60},[50,31684,13320],{"class":56},[50,31686,425],{"class":64},[50,31688,30533],{"class":101},[50,31690,5607],{"class":64},[50,31692,811],{"class":604},[50,31694,833],{"class":608},[50,31696,811],{"class":604},[50,31698,819],{"class":64},[50,31700,840],{"class":68},[50,31702,30565],{"class":64},[50,31704,31705],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,31706,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,31708,31709,31711,31713,31715],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,31710,118],{"class":94},[50,31712,98],{"class":64},[50,31714,123],{"class":101},[50,31716,105],{"class":64},[50,31718,31719,31721,31723,31725],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,31720,118],{"class":94},[50,31722,98],{"class":64},[50,31724,873],{"class":101},[50,31726,105],{"class":64},[20,31728,353],{},[41,31730,31732],{"className":43,"code":31731,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"None\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,31733,31734,31738],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,31735,31736],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,31737,11882],{"class":207},[50,31739,31740,31742,31744,31746,31748,31750,31752,31754,31756,31758,31760,31762,31764,31766,31768],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,31741,9357],{"class":64},[50,31743,611],{"class":604},[50,31745,814],{"class":608},[50,31747,611],{"class":604},[50,31749,819],{"class":64},[50,31751,605],{"class":604},[50,31753,824],{"class":608},[50,31755,611],{"class":604},[50,31757,72],{"class":64},[50,31759,605],{"class":604},[50,31761,833],{"class":608},[50,31763,611],{"class":604},[50,31765,819],{"class":64},[50,31767,840],{"class":68},[50,31769,645],{"class":64},[20,31771,16727],{},[41,31773,31775],{"className":43,"code":31774,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nperson.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(person)\n",[15,31776,31777,31801,31823,31827],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,31778,31779,31781,31783,31785,31787,31789,31791,31793,31795,31797,31799],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,31780,804],{"class":56},[50,31782,61],{"class":60},[50,31784,632],{"class":64},[50,31786,811],{"class":604},[50,31788,814],{"class":608},[50,31790,811],{"class":604},[50,31792,819],{"class":64},[50,31794,700],{"class":604},[50,31796,824],{"class":608},[50,31798,811],{"class":604},[50,31800,645],{"class":64},[50,31802,31803,31805,31807,31809,31811,31813,31815,31817,31819,31821],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,31804,873],{"class":56},[50,31806,425],{"class":64},[50,31808,30533],{"class":101},[50,31810,5607],{"class":64},[50,31812,811],{"class":604},[50,31814,833],{"class":608},[50,31816,811],{"class":604},[50,31818,819],{"class":64},[50,31820,840],{"class":68},[50,31822,30565],{"class":64},[50,31824,31825],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,31826,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,31828,31829,31831,31833,31835],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,31830,118],{"class":94},[50,31832,98],{"class":64},[50,31834,873],{"class":101},[50,31836,105],{"class":64},[20,31838,353],{},[41,31840,31842],{"className":43,"code":31841,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,31843,31844],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,31845,31846,31848,31850,31852,31854,31856,31858,31860,31862,31864,31866,31868,31870,31872,31874],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,31847,9357],{"class":64},[50,31849,611],{"class":604},[50,31851,814],{"class":608},[50,31853,611],{"class":604},[50,31855,819],{"class":64},[50,31857,605],{"class":604},[50,31859,824],{"class":608},[50,31861,611],{"class":604},[50,31863,72],{"class":64},[50,31865,605],{"class":604},[50,31867,833],{"class":608},[50,31869,611],{"class":604},[50,31871,819],{"class":64},[50,31873,840],{"class":68},[50,31875,645],{"class":64},[20,31877,31878,31879,425],{},"If you only want to add or change one key, see ",[421,31880,17974],{"href":10806},[36,31882,5040,31884],{"id":31883},"when-to-use-update",[15,31885,15026],{},[20,31887,920,31888,1504],{},[15,31889,15026],{},[158,31891,31892,31895,31898,31901],{},[161,31893,31894],{},"You want to modify an existing dictionary",[161,31896,31897],{},"You want to add several keys at once",[161,31899,31900],{},"You want to merge settings or user data",[161,31902,31903],{},"Overwriting old values is acceptable",[20,31905,31906],{},"If you want to keep the original dictionary unchanged, make a copy first:",[41,31908,31910],{"className":43,"code":31909,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"original = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nupdated = original.copy()\n\nupdated.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\n\nprint(original)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,31911,31912,31948,31963,31967,32006,32010,32020],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,31913,31914,31916,31918,31920,31922,31924,31926,31928,31930,31932,31934,31936,31938,31940,31942,31944,31946],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,31915,12160],{"class":56},[50,31917,61],{"class":60},[50,31919,632],{"class":64},[50,31921,811],{"class":604},[50,31923,814],{"class":608},[50,31925,811],{"class":604},[50,31927,819],{"class":64},[50,31929,700],{"class":604},[50,31931,824],{"class":608},[50,31933,811],{"class":604},[50,31935,72],{"class":64},[50,31937,700],{"class":604},[50,31939,833],{"class":608},[50,31941,811],{"class":604},[50,31943,819],{"class":64},[50,31945,840],{"class":68},[50,31947,645],{"class":64},[50,31949,31950,31953,31955,31957,31959,31961],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,31951,31952],{"class":56},"updated ",[50,31954,61],{"class":60},[50,31956,12235],{"class":56},[50,31958,425],{"class":64},[50,31960,12984],{"class":101},[50,31962,8722],{"class":64},[50,31964,31965],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,31966,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,31968,31969,31972,31974,31976,31978,31980,31982,31984,31986,31988,31990,31992,31994,31996,31998,32000,32002,32004],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,31970,31971],{"class":56},"updated",[50,31973,425],{"class":64},[50,31975,30533],{"class":101},[50,31977,5607],{"class":64},[50,31979,811],{"class":604},[50,31981,833],{"class":608},[50,31983,811],{"class":604},[50,31985,819],{"class":64},[50,31987,30546],{"class":68},[50,31989,72],{"class":64},[50,31991,700],{"class":604},[50,31993,847],{"class":608},[50,31995,811],{"class":604},[50,31997,819],{"class":64},[50,31999,700],{"class":604},[50,32001,856],{"class":608},[50,32003,811],{"class":604},[50,32005,30565],{"class":64},[50,32007,32008],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,32009,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,32011,32012,32014,32016,32018],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,32013,118],{"class":94},[50,32015,98],{"class":64},[50,32017,12207],{"class":101},[50,32019,105],{"class":64},[50,32021,32022,32024,32026,32028],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,32023,118],{"class":94},[50,32025,98],{"class":64},[50,32027,31971],{"class":101},[50,32029,105],{"class":64},[20,32031,353],{},[41,32033,32035],{"className":43,"code":32034,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,32036,32037,32069],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,32038,32039,32041,32043,32045,32047,32049,32051,32053,32055,32057,32059,32061,32063,32065,32067],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,32040,9357],{"class":64},[50,32042,611],{"class":604},[50,32044,814],{"class":608},[50,32046,611],{"class":604},[50,32048,819],{"class":64},[50,32050,605],{"class":604},[50,32052,824],{"class":608},[50,32054,611],{"class":604},[50,32056,72],{"class":64},[50,32058,605],{"class":604},[50,32060,833],{"class":608},[50,32062,611],{"class":604},[50,32064,819],{"class":64},[50,32066,840],{"class":68},[50,32068,645],{"class":64},[50,32070,32071,32073,32075,32077,32079,32081,32083,32085,32087,32089,32091,32093,32095,32097,32099,32101,32103,32105,32107,32109,32111,32113,32115],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,32072,9357],{"class":64},[50,32074,611],{"class":604},[50,32076,814],{"class":608},[50,32078,611],{"class":604},[50,32080,819],{"class":64},[50,32082,605],{"class":604},[50,32084,824],{"class":608},[50,32086,611],{"class":604},[50,32088,72],{"class":64},[50,32090,605],{"class":604},[50,32092,833],{"class":608},[50,32094,611],{"class":604},[50,32096,819],{"class":64},[50,32098,30546],{"class":68},[50,32100,72],{"class":64},[50,32102,605],{"class":604},[50,32104,847],{"class":608},[50,32106,611],{"class":604},[50,32108,819],{"class":64},[50,32110,605],{"class":604},[50,32112,856],{"class":608},[50,32114,611],{"class":604},[50,32116,645],{"class":64},[20,32118,32119,32120,425],{},"After updating a dictionary, you may also want to learn ",[421,32121,16669],{"href":16668},[36,32123,1743],{"id":1742},[20,32125,10823,32126,819],{},[15,32127,15026],{},[158,32129,32130,32137,32141,32144,32147],{},[161,32131,12669,32132,32134,32135],{},[15,32133,15026],{}," to a variable and getting ",[15,32136,208],{},[161,32138,8532,32139,12677],{},[15,32140,15026],{},[161,32142,32143],{},"Passing items that are not key-value pairs",[161,32145,32146],{},"Using keyword arguments for keys that are not valid identifiers",[161,32148,32149],{},"Overwriting existing values by mistake",[20,32151,32152],{},"Useful debugging checks:",[41,32154,32156],{"className":43,"code":32155,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(data))\nprint(list(data))\nprint(my_dict.get('key'))\nhelp(dict.update)\n",[15,32157,32158,32168,32182,32196,32218],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,32159,32160,32162,32164,32166],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,32161,118],{"class":94},[50,32163,98],{"class":64},[50,32165,11525],{"class":101},[50,32167,105],{"class":64},[50,32169,32170,32172,32174,32176,32178,32180],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,32171,118],{"class":94},[50,32173,98],{"class":64},[50,32175,558],{"class":557},[50,32177,98],{"class":64},[50,32179,9284],{"class":101},[50,32181,478],{"class":64},[50,32183,32184,32186,32188,32190,32192,32194],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,32185,118],{"class":94},[50,32187,98],{"class":64},[50,32189,437],{"class":557},[50,32191,98],{"class":64},[50,32193,9284],{"class":101},[50,32195,478],{"class":64},[50,32197,32198,32200,32202,32204,32206,32208,32210,32212,32214,32216],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,32199,118],{"class":94},[50,32201,98],{"class":64},[50,32203,11525],{"class":101},[50,32205,425],{"class":64},[50,32207,19820],{"class":101},[50,32209,98],{"class":64},[50,32211,611],{"class":604},[50,32213,237],{"class":608},[50,32215,611],{"class":604},[50,32217,478],{"class":64},[50,32219,32220,32223,32225,32227,32229,32231],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,32221,32222],{"class":94},"help",[50,32224,98],{"class":64},[50,32226,8901],{"class":557},[50,32228,425],{"class":64},[50,32230,30533],{"class":1400},[50,32232,105],{"class":64},[20,32234,32235],{},"These can help you check:",[158,32237,32238,32241,32246,32249,32252],{},[161,32239,32240],{},"What your dictionary currently contains",[161,32242,32243,32244],{},"What type of data you are passing to ",[15,32245,15026],{},[161,32247,32248],{},"Whether your input really contains pairs",[161,32250,32251],{},"Whether a key exists",[161,32253,32254],{},"The built-in method help text",[20,32256,32257,32258,425],{},"If you are trying to read a missing key after updating, you may also run into ",[421,32259,11337],{"href":11150},[36,32261,1913],{"id":1912},[222,32263,1917,32265,32267],{"id":32264},"does-update-return-a-new-dictionary",[15,32266,15026],{}," return a new dictionary?",[20,32269,32270,32271,425],{},"No. It changes the original dictionary and returns ",[15,32272,208],{},[222,32274,1917,32276,32278],{"id":32275},"does-update-overwrite-existing-keys",[15,32277,15026],{}," overwrite existing keys?",[20,32280,32281],{},"Yes. If a key already exists, its value is replaced.",[222,32283,5248,32285,32287],{"id":32284},"can-update-add-new-keys",[15,32286,15026],{}," add new keys?",[20,32289,32290],{},"Yes. Missing keys are added to the dictionary.",[222,32292,28398,32294,32296],{"id":32293},"can-i-use-update-with-a-list",[15,32295,15026],{}," with a list?",[20,32298,32299,32300,425],{},"Yes, if the list contains key-value pairs like ",[15,32301,11170],{},[222,32303,5258,32305,32307],{"id":32304},"what-is-the-difference-between-update-and-assigning-one-key",[15,32306,15026],{}," and assigning one key?",[20,32309,32310,32311,32313],{},"Single assignment changes one key. ",[15,32312,15026],{}," can change many keys at once.",[36,32315,1975],{"id":1974},[158,32317,32318,32322,32326,32331,32335],{},[161,32319,32320],{},[421,32321,26164],{"href":9468},[161,32323,32324],{},[421,32325,11326],{"href":10806},[161,32327,32328],{},[421,32329,32330],{"href":31155},"How to merge dictionaries in Python",[161,32332,32333],{},[421,32334,21527],{"href":16668},[161,32336,32337],{},[421,32338,11337],{"href":11150},[2018,32340,32341],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":32343},[32344,32345,32347,32348,32350,32352,32353,32354,32356,32357,32369],{"id":2104,"depth":86,"text":2105},{"id":30588,"depth":86,"text":32346},"What update() does",{"id":180,"depth":86,"text":181},{"id":30948,"depth":86,"text":32349},"Using update() with another dictionary",{"id":31159,"depth":86,"text":32351},"Using update() with key-value pairs",{"id":31400,"depth":86,"text":31401},{"id":17487,"depth":86,"text":17488},{"id":31883,"depth":86,"text":32355},"When to use update()",{"id":1742,"depth":86,"text":1743},{"id":1912,"depth":86,"text":1913,"children":32358},[32359,32361,32363,32365,32367],{"id":32264,"depth":108,"text":32360},"Does update() return a new dictionary?",{"id":32275,"depth":108,"text":32362},"Does update() overwrite existing keys?",{"id":32284,"depth":108,"text":32364},"Can update() add new keys?",{"id":32293,"depth":108,"text":32366},"Can I use update() with a list?",{"id":32304,"depth":108,"text":32368},"What is the difference between update() and assigning one key?",{"id":1974,"depth":86,"text":1975},"Master python dictionary update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":30466,"description":32370},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method","njJ700GKZ1TE_XL_n6OM2NaXw_gA2-mTYBWaDLPqKa8",{"id":32376,"title":32377,"body":32378,"description":34367,"extension":2064,"meta":34368,"navigation":111,"path":22964,"seo":34369,"stem":34370,"__hash__":34371},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method.md","Python Dictionary values() Method",{"type":7,"value":32379,"toc":34330},[32380,32385,32392,32395,32397,32496,32498,32553,32558,32563,32577,32582,32584,32599,32601,32615,32628,32633,32639,32646,32648,32755,32757,32806,32812,32887,32889,32910,32912,32915,33020,33022,33077,33079,33107,33111,33116,33195,33197,33217,33219,33230,33240,33244,33249,33353,33355,33380,33383,33394,33399,33408,33411,33428,33430,33517,33519,33582,33584,33607,33609,33614,33620,33625,33627,33666,33672,33675,33694,33705,33711,33714,33787,33789,33808,33813,33816,33839,33845,33848,33912,33915,33992,33999,34002,34061,34067,34069,34088,34092,34095,34146,34149,34169,34171,34232,34234,34239,34244,34249,34254,34259,34264,34270,34273,34282,34290,34292,34327],[10,32381,11393,32383,11397],{"id":32382},"python-dictionary-values-method",[15,32384,17143],{},[20,32386,32387,32388,32391],{},"The Python ",[15,32389,32390],{},"dict.values()"," method returns all values from a dictionary.",[20,32393,32394],{},"It is useful when you want the values only and do not need the keys. A common beginner use case is getting all values from a dictionary so you can print them, loop through them, or convert them to a list.",[36,32396,2105],{"id":2104},[41,32398,32400],{"className":43,"code":32399,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(values)\nprint(list(values))\n",[15,32401,32402,32454,32468,32472,32482],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,32403,32404,32406,32408,32410,32412,32414,32416,32418,32420,32422,32424,32426,32428,32430,32432,32434,32436,32438,32440,32442,32444,32446,32448,32450,32452],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,32405,12937],{"class":56},[50,32407,61],{"class":60},[50,32409,632],{"class":64},[50,32411,811],{"class":604},[50,32413,814],{"class":608},[50,32415,811],{"class":604},[50,32417,819],{"class":64},[50,32419,700],{"class":604},[50,32421,824],{"class":608},[50,32423,811],{"class":604},[50,32425,72],{"class":64},[50,32427,700],{"class":604},[50,32429,833],{"class":608},[50,32431,811],{"class":604},[50,32433,819],{"class":64},[50,32435,840],{"class":68},[50,32437,72],{"class":64},[50,32439,700],{"class":604},[50,32441,847],{"class":608},[50,32443,811],{"class":604},[50,32445,819],{"class":64},[50,32447,700],{"class":604},[50,32449,856],{"class":608},[50,32451,811],{"class":604},[50,32453,645],{"class":64},[50,32455,32456,32458,32460,32462,32464,32466],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,32457,516],{"class":56},[50,32459,61],{"class":60},[50,32461,12979],{"class":56},[50,32463,425],{"class":64},[50,32465,546],{"class":101},[50,32467,8722],{"class":64},[50,32469,32470],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,32471,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,32473,32474,32476,32478,32480],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,32475,118],{"class":94},[50,32477,98],{"class":64},[50,32479,546],{"class":101},[50,32481,105],{"class":64},[50,32483,32484,32486,32488,32490,32492,32494],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,32485,118],{"class":94},[50,32487,98],{"class":64},[50,32489,437],{"class":557},[50,32491,98],{"class":64},[50,32493,546],{"class":101},[50,32495,478],{"class":64},[20,32497,353],{},[41,32499,32501],{"className":43,"code":32500,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"dict_values(['Ana', 20, 'Lima'])\n['Ana', 20, 'Lima']\n",[15,32502,32503,32529],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,32504,32505,32507,32509,32511,32513,32515,32517,32519,32521,32523,32525,32527],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,32506,17109],{"class":101},[50,32508,1792],{"class":64},[50,32510,611],{"class":604},[50,32512,824],{"class":608},[50,32514,611],{"class":604},[50,32516,72],{"class":64},[50,32518,840],{"class":68},[50,32520,72],{"class":64},[50,32522,605],{"class":604},[50,32524,856],{"class":608},[50,32526,611],{"class":604},[50,32528,3970],{"class":64},[50,32530,32531,32533,32535,32537,32539,32541,32543,32545,32547,32549,32551],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,32532,363],{"class":64},[50,32534,611],{"class":604},[50,32536,824],{"class":608},[50,32538,611],{"class":604},[50,32540,72],{"class":64},[50,32542,840],{"class":68},[50,32544,72],{"class":64},[50,32546,605],{"class":604},[50,32548,856],{"class":608},[50,32550,611],{"class":604},[50,32552,83],{"class":64},[20,32554,32555,32557],{},[15,32556,17143],{}," returns a dictionary view object. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list.",[36,32559,153,32561,156],{"id":32560},"what-values-does",[15,32562,17143],{},[158,32564,32565,32568,32571,32574],{},[161,32566,32567],{},"It is used on a dictionary",[161,32569,32570],{},"It returns all dictionary values",[161,32572,32573],{},"It keeps the same order as the dictionary",[161,32575,32576],{},"It returns a view object, not a new list",[20,32578,32579,32580,425],{},"If you already know how to create dictionaries, see ",[421,32581,9469],{"href":9468},[36,32583,181],{"id":180},[41,32585,32587],{"className":43,"code":32586,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_dict.values()\n",[15,32588,32589],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,32590,32591,32593,32595,32597],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,32592,11525],{"class":56},[50,32594,425],{"class":64},[50,32596,546],{"class":101},[50,32598,8722],{"class":64},[20,32600,13125],{},[158,32602,32603,32607,32610],{},[161,32604,32605,11541],{},[15,32606,17143],{},[161,32608,32609],{},"It works only on dictionary objects",[161,32611,32612,32613],{},"You must include the parentheses: ",[15,32614,17143],{},[20,32616,32617,32618,4472,32623,425],{},"This is a dictionary method, similar to ",[421,32619,32620,32622],{"href":17134},[15,32621,17137],{}," for dictionary keys",[421,32624,32625,32627],{"href":17147},[15,32626,17150],{}," for key-value pairs",[36,32629,153,32631,11780],{"id":32630},"what-values-returns",[15,32632,17143],{},[20,32634,32635,22044,32637,24832],{},[15,32636,17143],{},[15,32638,17109],{},[20,32640,32641,32642,32645],{},"This object is a ",[3824,32643,32644],{},"view"," of the dictionary values. That means it shows the current values in the dictionary, and it updates if the dictionary changes.",[20,32647,1602],{},[41,32649,32651],{"className":43,"code":32650,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\n\nvalues_view = person.values()\nprint(values_view)\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Quito\"\nprint(values_view)\n",[15,32652,32653,32689,32693,32708,32719,32723,32745],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,32654,32655,32657,32659,32661,32663,32665,32667,32669,32671,32673,32675,32677,32679,32681,32683,32685,32687],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,32656,804],{"class":56},[50,32658,61],{"class":60},[50,32660,632],{"class":64},[50,32662,811],{"class":604},[50,32664,814],{"class":608},[50,32666,811],{"class":604},[50,32668,819],{"class":64},[50,32670,700],{"class":604},[50,32672,8000],{"class":608},[50,32674,811],{"class":604},[50,32676,72],{"class":64},[50,32678,700],{"class":604},[50,32680,833],{"class":608},[50,32682,811],{"class":604},[50,32684,819],{"class":64},[50,32686,9384],{"class":68},[50,32688,645],{"class":64},[50,32690,32691],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,32692,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,32694,32695,32698,32700,32702,32704,32706],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,32696,32697],{"class":56},"values_view ",[50,32699,61],{"class":60},[50,32701,13320],{"class":56},[50,32703,425],{"class":64},[50,32705,546],{"class":101},[50,32707,8722],{"class":64},[50,32709,32710,32712,32714,32717],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,32711,118],{"class":94},[50,32713,98],{"class":64},[50,32715,32716],{"class":101},"values_view",[50,32718,105],{"class":64},[50,32720,32721],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,32722,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,32724,32725,32727,32729,32731,32733,32735,32737,32739,32741,32743],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,32726,873],{"class":56},[50,32728,363],{"class":64},[50,32730,811],{"class":604},[50,32732,847],{"class":608},[50,32734,811],{"class":604},[50,32736,13346],{"class":64},[50,32738,13349],{"class":60},[50,32740,700],{"class":604},[50,32742,30712],{"class":608},[50,32744,705],{"class":604},[50,32746,32747,32749,32751,32753],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,32748,118],{"class":94},[50,32750,98],{"class":64},[50,32752,32716],{"class":101},[50,32754,105],{"class":64},[20,32756,353],{},[41,32758,32760],{"className":43,"code":32759,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"dict_values(['Mia', 25])\ndict_values(['Mia', 25, 'Quito'])\n",[15,32761,32762,32780],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,32763,32764,32766,32768,32770,32772,32774,32776,32778],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,32765,17109],{"class":101},[50,32767,1792],{"class":64},[50,32769,611],{"class":604},[50,32771,8000],{"class":608},[50,32773,611],{"class":604},[50,32775,72],{"class":64},[50,32777,9384],{"class":68},[50,32779,3970],{"class":64},[50,32781,32782,32784,32786,32788,32790,32792,32794,32796,32798,32800,32802,32804],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,32783,17109],{"class":101},[50,32785,1792],{"class":64},[50,32787,611],{"class":604},[50,32789,8000],{"class":608},[50,32791,611],{"class":604},[50,32793,72],{"class":64},[50,32795,9384],{"class":68},[50,32797,72],{"class":64},[50,32799,605],{"class":604},[50,32801,30712],{"class":608},[50,32803,611],{"class":604},[50,32805,3970],{"class":64},[20,32807,32808,32809,425],{},"If you need a regular list, use ",[15,32810,32811],{},"list(my_dict.values())",[41,32813,32815],{"className":43,"code":32814,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\nvalues_list = list(person.values())\n\nprint(values_list)\n",[15,32816,32817,32853,32872,32876],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,32818,32819,32821,32823,32825,32827,32829,32831,32833,32835,32837,32839,32841,32843,32845,32847,32849,32851],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,32820,804],{"class":56},[50,32822,61],{"class":60},[50,32824,632],{"class":64},[50,32826,811],{"class":604},[50,32828,814],{"class":608},[50,32830,811],{"class":604},[50,32832,819],{"class":64},[50,32834,700],{"class":604},[50,32836,8000],{"class":608},[50,32838,811],{"class":604},[50,32840,72],{"class":64},[50,32842,700],{"class":604},[50,32844,833],{"class":608},[50,32846,811],{"class":604},[50,32848,819],{"class":64},[50,32850,9384],{"class":68},[50,32852,645],{"class":64},[50,32854,32855,32858,32860,32862,32864,32866,32868,32870],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,32856,32857],{"class":56},"values_list ",[50,32859,61],{"class":60},[50,32861,22629],{"class":557},[50,32863,98],{"class":64},[50,32865,873],{"class":101},[50,32867,425],{"class":64},[50,32869,546],{"class":101},[50,32871,7273],{"class":64},[50,32873,32874],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,32875,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,32877,32878,32880,32882,32885],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,32879,118],{"class":94},[50,32881,98],{"class":64},[50,32883,32884],{"class":101},"values_list",[50,32886,105],{"class":64},[20,32888,353],{},[41,32890,32892],{"className":43,"code":32891,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['Mia', 25]\n",[15,32893,32894],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,32895,32896,32898,32900,32902,32904,32906,32908],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,32897,363],{"class":64},[50,32899,611],{"class":604},[50,32901,8000],{"class":608},[50,32903,611],{"class":604},[50,32905,72],{"class":64},[50,32907,9384],{"class":68},[50,32909,83],{"class":64},[36,32911,271],{"id":270},[20,32913,32914],{},"Here is a basic example step by step:",[41,32916,32918],{"className":43,"code":32917,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2022, \"color\": \"blue\"}\n\nresult = car.values()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,32919,32920,32974,32978,32992,32996,33006],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,32921,32922,32924,32926,32928,32930,32932,32934,32936,32938,32940,32942,32944,32946,32948,32950,32952,32955,32957,32959,32962,32964,32966,32968,32970,32972],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,32923,24864],{"class":56},[50,32925,61],{"class":60},[50,32927,632],{"class":64},[50,32929,811],{"class":604},[50,32931,24873],{"class":608},[50,32933,811],{"class":604},[50,32935,819],{"class":64},[50,32937,700],{"class":604},[50,32939,24882],{"class":608},[50,32941,811],{"class":604},[50,32943,72],{"class":64},[50,32945,700],{"class":604},[50,32947,24891],{"class":608},[50,32949,811],{"class":604},[50,32951,819],{"class":64},[50,32953,32954],{"class":68}," 2022",[50,32956,72],{"class":64},[50,32958,700],{"class":604},[50,32960,32961],{"class":608},"color",[50,32963,811],{"class":604},[50,32965,819],{"class":64},[50,32967,700],{"class":604},[50,32969,13183],{"class":608},[50,32971,811],{"class":604},[50,32973,645],{"class":64},[50,32975,32976],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,32977,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,32979,32980,32982,32984,32986,32988,32990],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,32981,89],{"class":56},[50,32983,61],{"class":60},[50,32985,24913],{"class":56},[50,32987,425],{"class":64},[50,32989,546],{"class":101},[50,32991,8722],{"class":64},[50,32993,32994],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,32995,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,32997,32998,33000,33002,33004],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,32999,118],{"class":94},[50,33001,98],{"class":64},[50,33003,123],{"class":101},[50,33005,105],{"class":64},[50,33007,33008,33010,33012,33014,33016,33018],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,33009,118],{"class":94},[50,33011,98],{"class":64},[50,33013,437],{"class":557},[50,33015,98],{"class":64},[50,33017,123],{"class":101},[50,33019,478],{"class":64},[20,33021,353],{},[41,33023,33025],{"className":43,"code":33024,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"dict_values(['Toyota', 2022, 'blue'])\n['Toyota', 2022, 'blue']\n",[15,33026,33027,33053],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,33028,33029,33031,33033,33035,33037,33039,33041,33043,33045,33047,33049,33051],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,33030,17109],{"class":101},[50,33032,1792],{"class":64},[50,33034,611],{"class":604},[50,33036,24882],{"class":608},[50,33038,611],{"class":604},[50,33040,72],{"class":64},[50,33042,32954],{"class":68},[50,33044,72],{"class":64},[50,33046,605],{"class":604},[50,33048,13183],{"class":608},[50,33050,611],{"class":604},[50,33052,3970],{"class":64},[50,33054,33055,33057,33059,33061,33063,33065,33067,33069,33071,33073,33075],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,33056,363],{"class":64},[50,33058,611],{"class":604},[50,33060,24882],{"class":608},[50,33062,611],{"class":604},[50,33064,72],{"class":64},[50,33066,32954],{"class":68},[50,33068,72],{"class":64},[50,33070,605],{"class":604},[50,33072,13183],{"class":608},[50,33074,611],{"class":604},[50,33076,83],{"class":64},[20,33078,11758],{},[158,33080,33081,33087,33093,33101],{},[161,33082,33083,33086],{},[15,33084,33085],{},"car"," is a dictionary",[161,33088,33089,33092],{},[15,33090,33091],{},"car.values()"," gets all values",[161,33094,33095,33098,33099,24686],{},[15,33096,33097],{},"print(result)"," shows the ",[15,33100,17109],{},[161,33102,33103,33106],{},[15,33104,33105],{},"print(list(result))"," shows the same values as a list",[36,33108,33110],{"id":33109},"looping-through-dictionary-values","Looping through dictionary values",[20,33112,33113,33114,26133],{},"You can loop through dictionary values with a ",[15,33115,6035],{},[41,33117,33119],{"className":43,"code":33118,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"english\": 85, \"science\": 88}\n\nfor value in scores.values():\n    print(value)\n",[15,33120,33121,33165,33169,33185],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,33122,33123,33125,33127,33129,33131,33133,33135,33137,33139,33141,33143,33145,33147,33149,33151,33153,33155,33157,33159,33161,33163],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,33124,5143],{"class":56},[50,33126,61],{"class":60},[50,33128,632],{"class":64},[50,33130,811],{"class":604},[50,33132,18486],{"class":608},[50,33134,811],{"class":604},[50,33136,819],{"class":64},[50,33138,19968],{"class":68},[50,33140,72],{"class":64},[50,33142,700],{"class":604},[50,33144,31222],{"class":608},[50,33146,811],{"class":604},[50,33148,819],{"class":64},[50,33150,13580],{"class":68},[50,33152,72],{"class":64},[50,33154,700],{"class":604},[50,33156,18495],{"class":608},[50,33158,811],{"class":604},[50,33160,819],{"class":64},[50,33162,28990],{"class":68},[50,33164,645],{"class":64},[50,33166,33167],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,33168,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,33170,33171,33173,33175,33177,33179,33181,33183],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,33172,6035],{"class":3957},[50,33174,21653],{"class":56},[50,33176,3964],{"class":3957},[50,33178,5190],{"class":56},[50,33180,425],{"class":64},[50,33182,546],{"class":101},[50,33184,21664],{"class":64},[50,33186,33187,33189,33191,33193],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,33188,8148],{"class":94},[50,33190,98],{"class":64},[50,33192,2570],{"class":101},[50,33194,105],{"class":64},[20,33196,353],{},[41,33198,33200],{"className":43,"code":33199,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"90\n85\n88\n",[15,33201,33202,33207,33212],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,33203,33204],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,33205,33206],{"class":68},"90\n",[50,33208,33209],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,33210,33211],{"class":68},"85\n",[50,33213,33214],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,33215,33216],{"class":68},"88\n",[20,33218,17780],{},[158,33220,33221,33224,33227],{},[161,33222,33223],{},"You only need the values",[161,33225,33226],{},"You do not care about the keys",[161,33228,33229],{},"You want simpler code",[20,33231,33232,33233,2976,33237,425],{},"If you want to loop through keys and values together, see ",[421,33234,10812,33235,10816],{"href":17147},[15,33236,17150],{},[421,33238,22544],{"href":33239},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F",[36,33241,33243],{"id":33242},"converting-values-to-a-list","Converting values to a list",[20,33245,920,33246,33248],{},[15,33247,32811],{}," when you need a list.",[41,33250,33252],{"className":43,"code":33251,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"fruit_prices = {\"apple\": 2, \"banana\": 1, \"orange\": 3}\n\nprice_list = list(fruit_prices.values())\n\nprint(price_list)\nprint(price_list[0])\n",[15,33253,33254,33300,33304,33324,33328,33339],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,33255,33256,33259,33261,33263,33265,33267,33269,33271,33273,33275,33277,33279,33281,33283,33285,33287,33289,33292,33294,33296,33298],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,33257,33258],{"class":56},"fruit_prices ",[50,33260,61],{"class":60},[50,33262,632],{"class":64},[50,33264,811],{"class":604},[50,33266,1049],{"class":608},[50,33268,811],{"class":604},[50,33270,819],{"class":64},[50,33272,80],{"class":68},[50,33274,72],{"class":64},[50,33276,700],{"class":604},[50,33278,1058],{"class":608},[50,33280,811],{"class":604},[50,33282,819],{"class":64},[50,33284,75],{"class":68},[50,33286,72],{"class":64},[50,33288,700],{"class":604},[50,33290,33291],{"class":608},"orange",[50,33293,811],{"class":604},[50,33295,819],{"class":64},[50,33297,500],{"class":68},[50,33299,645],{"class":64},[50,33301,33302],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,33303,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,33305,33306,33309,33311,33313,33315,33318,33320,33322],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,33307,33308],{"class":56},"price_list ",[50,33310,61],{"class":60},[50,33312,22629],{"class":557},[50,33314,98],{"class":64},[50,33316,33317],{"class":101},"fruit_prices",[50,33319,425],{"class":64},[50,33321,546],{"class":101},[50,33323,7273],{"class":64},[50,33325,33326],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,33327,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,33329,33330,33332,33334,33337],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,33331,118],{"class":94},[50,33333,98],{"class":64},[50,33335,33336],{"class":101},"price_list",[50,33338,105],{"class":64},[50,33340,33341,33343,33345,33347,33349,33351],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,33342,118],{"class":94},[50,33344,98],{"class":64},[50,33346,33336],{"class":101},[50,33348,363],{"class":64},[50,33350,2220],{"class":68},[50,33352,3970],{"class":64},[20,33354,353],{},[41,33356,33358],{"className":43,"code":33357,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[2, 1, 3]\n2\n",[15,33359,33360,33376],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,33361,33362,33364,33366,33368,33370,33372,33374],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,33363,363],{"class":64},[50,33365,1564],{"class":68},[50,33367,72],{"class":64},[50,33369,75],{"class":68},[50,33371,72],{"class":64},[50,33373,500],{"class":68},[50,33375,83],{"class":64},[50,33377,33378],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,33379,17128],{"class":68},[20,33381,33382],{},"This is helpful for:",[158,33384,33385,33388,33391],{},[161,33386,33387],{},"Displaying the values as a normal list",[161,33389,33390],{},"Accessing values by index",[161,33392,33393],{},"Passing the values to code that expects a list",[20,33395,4006,33396,33398],{},[15,33397,17109],{}," is not the same as a list.",[36,33400,33402,1467,33404,1467,33406],{"id":33401},"values-vs-keys-vs-items",[15,33403,17143],{},[15,33405,17137],{},[15,33407,17150],{},[20,33409,33410],{},"These three dictionary methods are related, but they return different things:",[158,33412,33413,33418,33423],{},[161,33414,33415,33417],{},[15,33416,17143],{}," returns only the values",[161,33419,33420,33422],{},[15,33421,17137],{}," returns only the keys",[161,33424,33425,33427],{},[15,33426,17150],{}," returns key-value pairs",[20,33429,2226],{},[41,33431,33433],{"className":43,"code":33432,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.keys())\nprint(student.values())\nprint(student.items())\n",[15,33434,33435,33471,33475,33489,33503],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,33436,33437,33439,33441,33443,33445,33447,33449,33451,33453,33455,33457,33459,33461,33463,33465,33467,33469],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,33438,12937],{"class":56},[50,33440,61],{"class":60},[50,33442,632],{"class":64},[50,33444,811],{"class":604},[50,33446,814],{"class":608},[50,33448,811],{"class":604},[50,33450,819],{"class":64},[50,33452,700],{"class":604},[50,33454,824],{"class":608},[50,33456,811],{"class":604},[50,33458,72],{"class":64},[50,33460,700],{"class":604},[50,33462,833],{"class":608},[50,33464,811],{"class":604},[50,33466,819],{"class":64},[50,33468,840],{"class":68},[50,33470,645],{"class":64},[50,33472,33473],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,33474,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,33476,33477,33479,33481,33483,33485,33487],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,33478,118],{"class":94},[50,33480,98],{"class":64},[50,33482,13699],{"class":101},[50,33484,425],{"class":64},[50,33486,16995],{"class":101},[50,33488,7273],{"class":64},[50,33490,33491,33493,33495,33497,33499,33501],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,33492,118],{"class":94},[50,33494,98],{"class":64},[50,33496,13699],{"class":101},[50,33498,425],{"class":64},[50,33500,546],{"class":101},[50,33502,7273],{"class":64},[50,33504,33505,33507,33509,33511,33513,33515],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,33506,118],{"class":94},[50,33508,98],{"class":64},[50,33510,13699],{"class":101},[50,33512,425],{"class":64},[50,33514,7888],{"class":101},[50,33516,7273],{"class":64},[20,33518,353],{},[41,33520,33522],{"className":43,"code":33521,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\ndict_items([('name', 20)])\n",[15,33523,33524,33546,33564],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,33525,33526,33528,33530,33532,33534,33536,33538,33540,33542,33544],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,33527,17086],{"class":101},[50,33529,1792],{"class":64},[50,33531,611],{"class":604},[50,33533,814],{"class":608},[50,33535,611],{"class":604},[50,33537,72],{"class":64},[50,33539,605],{"class":604},[50,33541,833],{"class":608},[50,33543,611],{"class":604},[50,33545,3970],{"class":64},[50,33547,33548,33550,33552,33554,33556,33558,33560,33562],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,33549,17109],{"class":101},[50,33551,1792],{"class":64},[50,33553,611],{"class":604},[50,33555,824],{"class":608},[50,33557,611],{"class":604},[50,33559,72],{"class":64},[50,33561,840],{"class":68},[50,33563,3970],{"class":64},[50,33565,33566,33568,33570,33572,33574,33576,33578,33580],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,33567,21977],{"class":101},[50,33569,9735],{"class":64},[50,33571,611],{"class":604},[50,33573,814],{"class":608},[50,33575,611],{"class":604},[50,33577,72],{"class":64},[50,33579,840],{"class":68},[50,33581,10754],{"class":64},[20,33583,18764],{},[158,33585,33586,33593,33600],{},[161,33587,33588,33592],{},[421,33589,33590],{"href":17134},[15,33591,17137],{}," when you need just the keys",[161,33594,33595,33599],{},[421,33596,33597],{"href":17140},[15,33598,17143],{}," when you need just the values",[161,33601,33602,33606],{},[421,33603,33604],{"href":17147},[15,33605,17150],{}," when you need both",[36,33608,4598],{"id":4597},[20,33610,33611,33612,425],{},"Here are some common problems with ",[15,33613,17143],{},[222,33615,1767,33617,33619],{"id":33616},"calling-values-on-the-wrong-type",[15,33618,17143],{}," on the wrong type",[20,33621,33622,33624],{},[15,33623,17143],{}," works on dictionaries only.",[20,33626,16715],{},[41,33628,33630],{"className":43,"code":33629,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(my_list.values())\n",[15,33631,33632,33652],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,33633,33634,33636,33638,33640,33642,33644,33646,33648,33650],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,33635,8387],{"class":56},[50,33637,61],{"class":60},[50,33639,65],{"class":64},[50,33641,366],{"class":68},[50,33643,72],{"class":64},[50,33645,80],{"class":68},[50,33647,72],{"class":64},[50,33649,500],{"class":68},[50,33651,83],{"class":64},[50,33653,33654,33656,33658,33660,33662,33664],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,33655,118],{"class":94},[50,33657,98],{"class":64},[50,33659,8418],{"class":101},[50,33661,425],{"class":64},[50,33663,546],{"class":101},[50,33665,7273],{"class":64},[20,33667,33668,33669,33671],{},"This causes an error because lists do not have a ",[15,33670,17143],{}," method.",[20,33673,33674],{},"To debug this, check the type:",[41,33676,33678],{"className":43,"code":33677,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(type(my_list))\n",[15,33679,33680],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,33681,33682,33684,33686,33688,33690,33692],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,33683,118],{"class":94},[50,33685,98],{"class":64},[50,33687,558],{"class":557},[50,33689,98],{"class":64},[50,33691,8418],{"class":101},[50,33693,478],{"class":64},[20,33695,33696,33697,33699,33700,425],{},"If you get an ",[15,33698,25740],{},", see ",[421,33701,25748,33702,33704],{"href":25747},[15,33703,25751],{}," errors",[222,33706,1748,33708,33710],{"id":33707},"assuming-values-returns-a-list",[15,33709,17143],{}," returns a list",[20,33712,33713],{},"Beginners often expect this:",[41,33715,33717],{"className":43,"code":33716,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,33718,33719,33755,33769,33773],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,33720,33721,33723,33725,33727,33729,33731,33733,33735,33737,33739,33741,33743,33745,33747,33749,33751,33753],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,33722,12937],{"class":56},[50,33724,61],{"class":60},[50,33726,632],{"class":64},[50,33728,811],{"class":604},[50,33730,814],{"class":608},[50,33732,811],{"class":604},[50,33734,819],{"class":64},[50,33736,700],{"class":604},[50,33738,824],{"class":608},[50,33740,811],{"class":604},[50,33742,72],{"class":64},[50,33744,700],{"class":604},[50,33746,833],{"class":608},[50,33748,811],{"class":604},[50,33750,819],{"class":64},[50,33752,840],{"class":68},[50,33754,645],{"class":64},[50,33756,33757,33759,33761,33763,33765,33767],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,33758,516],{"class":56},[50,33760,61],{"class":60},[50,33762,12979],{"class":56},[50,33764,425],{"class":64},[50,33766,546],{"class":101},[50,33768,8722],{"class":64},[50,33770,33771],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,33772,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,33774,33775,33777,33779,33781,33783,33785],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,33776,118],{"class":94},[50,33778,98],{"class":64},[50,33780,558],{"class":557},[50,33782,98],{"class":64},[50,33784,546],{"class":101},[50,33786,478],{"class":64},[20,33788,353],{},[41,33790,33792],{"className":43,"code":33791,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"\u003Cclass 'dict_values'>\n",[15,33793,33794],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,33795,33796,33798,33800,33802,33804,33806],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,33797,597],{"class":60},[50,33799,601],{"class":600},[50,33801,605],{"class":604},[50,33803,17109],{"class":608},[50,33805,611],{"class":604},[50,33807,614],{"class":60},[20,33809,5227,33810,33812],{},[15,33811,17109],{},", not a list.",[20,33814,33815],{},"If you need a list:",[41,33817,33819],{"className":43,"code":33818,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"values = list(student.values())\n",[15,33820,33821],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,33822,33823,33825,33827,33829,33831,33833,33835,33837],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,33824,516],{"class":56},[50,33826,61],{"class":60},[50,33828,22629],{"class":557},[50,33830,98],{"class":64},[50,33832,13699],{"class":101},[50,33834,425],{"class":64},[50,33836,546],{"class":101},[50,33838,7273],{"class":64},[222,33840,33842,33843],{"id":33841},"trying-to-use-an-index-directly-on-dict_values","Trying to use an index directly on ",[15,33844,17109],{},[20,33846,33847],{},"This may not work the way you expect:",[41,33849,33851],{"className":43,"code":33850,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\n# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[15,33852,33853,33889,33903,33907],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,33854,33855,33857,33859,33861,33863,33865,33867,33869,33871,33873,33875,33877,33879,33881,33883,33885,33887],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,33856,12937],{"class":56},[50,33858,61],{"class":60},[50,33860,632],{"class":64},[50,33862,811],{"class":604},[50,33864,814],{"class":608},[50,33866,811],{"class":604},[50,33868,819],{"class":64},[50,33870,700],{"class":604},[50,33872,824],{"class":608},[50,33874,811],{"class":604},[50,33876,72],{"class":64},[50,33878,700],{"class":604},[50,33880,833],{"class":608},[50,33882,811],{"class":604},[50,33884,819],{"class":64},[50,33886,840],{"class":68},[50,33888,645],{"class":64},[50,33890,33891,33893,33895,33897,33899,33901],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,33892,516],{"class":56},[50,33894,61],{"class":60},[50,33896,12979],{"class":56},[50,33898,425],{"class":64},[50,33900,546],{"class":101},[50,33902,8722],{"class":64},[50,33904,33905],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,33906,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,33908,33909],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,33910,33911],{"class":129},"# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[20,33913,33914],{},"Convert to a list first:",[41,33916,33918],{"className":43,"code":33917,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = list(student.values())\n\nprint(values[0])\n",[15,33919,33920,33956,33974,33978],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,33921,33922,33924,33926,33928,33930,33932,33934,33936,33938,33940,33942,33944,33946,33948,33950,33952,33954],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,33923,12937],{"class":56},[50,33925,61],{"class":60},[50,33927,632],{"class":64},[50,33929,811],{"class":604},[50,33931,814],{"class":608},[50,33933,811],{"class":604},[50,33935,819],{"class":64},[50,33937,700],{"class":604},[50,33939,824],{"class":608},[50,33941,811],{"class":604},[50,33943,72],{"class":64},[50,33945,700],{"class":604},[50,33947,833],{"class":608},[50,33949,811],{"class":604},[50,33951,819],{"class":64},[50,33953,840],{"class":68},[50,33955,645],{"class":64},[50,33957,33958,33960,33962,33964,33966,33968,33970,33972],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,33959,516],{"class":56},[50,33961,61],{"class":60},[50,33963,22629],{"class":557},[50,33965,98],{"class":64},[50,33967,13699],{"class":101},[50,33969,425],{"class":64},[50,33971,546],{"class":101},[50,33973,7273],{"class":64},[50,33975,33976],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,33977,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,33979,33980,33982,33984,33986,33988,33990],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,33981,118],{"class":94},[50,33983,98],{"class":64},[50,33985,546],{"class":101},[50,33987,363],{"class":64},[50,33989,2220],{"class":68},[50,33991,3970],{"class":64},[222,33993,914,33995,1940,33997],{"id":33994},"using-values-instead-of-values",[15,33996,546],{},[15,33998,17143],{},[20,34000,34001],{},"This is also a common mistake:",[41,34003,34005],{"className":43,"code":34004,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.values)\n",[15,34006,34007,34043,34047],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,34008,34009,34011,34013,34015,34017,34019,34021,34023,34025,34027,34029,34031,34033,34035,34037,34039,34041],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,34010,12937],{"class":56},[50,34012,61],{"class":60},[50,34014,632],{"class":64},[50,34016,811],{"class":604},[50,34018,814],{"class":608},[50,34020,811],{"class":604},[50,34022,819],{"class":64},[50,34024,700],{"class":604},[50,34026,824],{"class":608},[50,34028,811],{"class":604},[50,34030,72],{"class":64},[50,34032,700],{"class":604},[50,34034,833],{"class":608},[50,34036,811],{"class":604},[50,34038,819],{"class":64},[50,34040,840],{"class":68},[50,34042,645],{"class":64},[50,34044,34045],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,34046,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,34048,34049,34051,34053,34055,34057,34059],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,34050,118],{"class":94},[50,34052,98],{"class":64},[50,34054,13699],{"class":101},[50,34056,425],{"class":64},[50,34058,546],{"class":1400},[50,34060,105],{"class":64},[20,34062,34063,34066],{},[15,34064,34065],{},"student.values"," refers to the method itself, not the result.",[20,34068,18764],{},[41,34070,34072],{"className":43,"code":34071,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(student.values())\n",[15,34073,34074],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,34075,34076,34078,34080,34082,34084,34086],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,34077,118],{"class":94},[50,34079,98],{"class":64},[50,34081,13699],{"class":101},[50,34083,425],{"class":64},[50,34085,546],{"class":101},[50,34087,7273],{"class":64},[222,34089,34091],{"id":34090},"using-parentheses-incorrectly-on-the-dictionary-variable","Using parentheses incorrectly on the dictionary variable",[20,34093,34094],{},"Make sure the method is called on the dictionary:",[41,34096,34098],{"className":43,"code":34097,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(data.values())\n",[15,34099,34100,34132],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,34101,34102,34104,34106,34108,34110,34112,34114,34116,34118,34120,34122,34124,34126,34128,34130],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,34103,9246],{"class":56},[50,34105,61],{"class":60},[50,34107,632],{"class":64},[50,34109,811],{"class":604},[50,34111,421],{"class":608},[50,34113,811],{"class":604},[50,34115,819],{"class":64},[50,34117,75],{"class":68},[50,34119,72],{"class":64},[50,34121,700],{"class":604},[50,34123,4839],{"class":608},[50,34125,811],{"class":604},[50,34127,819],{"class":64},[50,34129,80],{"class":68},[50,34131,645],{"class":64},[50,34133,34134,34136,34138,34140,34142,34144],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,34135,118],{"class":94},[50,34137,98],{"class":64},[50,34139,9284],{"class":101},[50,34141,425],{"class":64},[50,34143,546],{"class":101},[50,34145,7273],{"class":64},[20,34147,34148],{},"Not like this:",[41,34150,34152],{"className":43,"code":34151,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"# Wrong examples:\n# data().values()\n# values(data)\n",[15,34153,34154,34159,34164],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,34155,34156],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,34157,34158],{"class":129},"# Wrong examples:\n",[50,34160,34161],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,34162,34163],{"class":129},"# data().values()\n",[50,34165,34166],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,34167,34168],{"class":129},"# values(data)\n",[20,34170,3431],{},[41,34172,34174],{"className":43,"code":34173,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(list(my_dict.values()))\n",[15,34175,34176,34190,34200,34214],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,34177,34178,34180,34182,34184,34186,34188],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,34179,118],{"class":94},[50,34181,98],{"class":64},[50,34183,558],{"class":557},[50,34185,98],{"class":64},[50,34187,11525],{"class":101},[50,34189,478],{"class":64},[50,34191,34192,34194,34196,34198],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,34193,118],{"class":94},[50,34195,98],{"class":64},[50,34197,11525],{"class":101},[50,34199,105],{"class":64},[50,34201,34202,34204,34206,34208,34210,34212],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,34203,118],{"class":94},[50,34205,98],{"class":64},[50,34207,11525],{"class":101},[50,34209,425],{"class":64},[50,34211,546],{"class":101},[50,34213,7273],{"class":64},[50,34215,34216,34218,34220,34222,34224,34226,34228,34230],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,34217,118],{"class":94},[50,34219,98],{"class":64},[50,34221,437],{"class":557},[50,34223,98],{"class":64},[50,34225,11525],{"class":101},[50,34227,425],{"class":64},[50,34229,546],{"class":101},[50,34231,6367],{"class":64},[36,34233,1913],{"id":1912},[222,34235,1927,34237,5224],{"id":34236},"what-does-dictvalues-return-in-python",[15,34238,32390],{},[20,34240,17491,34241,34243],{},[15,34242,17109],{}," view object containing the dictionary's values.",[222,34245,1917,34247,24000],{"id":34246},"does-values-return-a-list",[15,34248,17143],{},[20,34250,24003,34251,24007],{},[15,34252,34253],{},"list(...)",[222,34255,26125,34257,1943],{"id":34256},"can-i-loop-through-dictvalues",[15,34258,32390],{},[20,34260,34261,34262,26133],{},"Yes. It is iterable, so you can use it in a ",[15,34263,6035],{},[222,34265,1917,34267,34269],{"id":34266},"does-dictvalues-change-if-the-dictionary-changes",[15,34268,32390],{}," change if the dictionary changes?",[20,34271,34272],{},"Yes. The returned view reflects updates to the dictionary.",[222,34274,34276,34277,34279,34280,1943],{"id":34275},"how-is-values-different-from-items","How is ",[15,34278,17143],{}," different from ",[15,34281,17150],{},[20,34283,34284,34286,34287,34289],{},[15,34285,17143],{}," returns only values. ",[15,34288,17150],{}," returns key-value pairs.",[36,34291,1975],{"id":1974},[158,34293,34294,34300,34306,34310,34316,34320],{},[161,34295,34296],{},[421,34297,10812,34298,10816],{"href":17134},[15,34299,17137],{},[161,34301,34302],{},[421,34303,10812,34304,10816],{"href":17147},[15,34305,17150],{},[161,34307,34308],{},[421,34309,11317],{"href":9468},[161,34311,34312],{},[421,34313,34315],{"href":34314},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-values-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all values from a dictionary in Python",[161,34317,34318],{},[421,34319,24085],{"href":33239},[161,34321,34322],{},[421,34323,30416,34324],{"href":25747},[15,34325,34326],{},"AttributeError: object has no attribute",[2018,34328,34329],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":34331},[34332,34333,34335,34336,34338,34339,34340,34341,34343,34354,34366],{"id":2104,"depth":86,"text":2105},{"id":32560,"depth":86,"text":34334},"What values() does",{"id":180,"depth":86,"text":181},{"id":32630,"depth":86,"text":34337},"What values() returns",{"id":270,"depth":86,"text":271},{"id":33109,"depth":86,"text":33110},{"id":33242,"depth":86,"text":33243},{"id":33401,"depth":86,"text":34342},"values() vs keys() vs items()",{"id":4597,"depth":86,"text":4598,"children":34344},[34345,34347,34349,34351,34353],{"id":33616,"depth":108,"text":34346},"Calling values() on the wrong type",{"id":33707,"depth":108,"text":34348},"Assuming values() returns a list",{"id":33841,"depth":108,"text":34350},"Trying to use an index directly on dict_values",{"id":33994,"depth":108,"text":34352},"Using values instead of values()",{"id":34090,"depth":108,"text":34091},{"id":1912,"depth":86,"text":1913,"children":34355},[34356,34358,34360,34362,34364],{"id":34236,"depth":108,"text":34357},"What does dict.values() return in Python?",{"id":34246,"depth":108,"text":34359},"Does values() return a list?",{"id":34256,"depth":108,"text":34361},"Can I loop through dict.values()?",{"id":34266,"depth":108,"text":34363},"Does dict.values() change if the dictionary changes?",{"id":34275,"depth":108,"text":34365},"How is values() different from items()?",{"id":1974,"depth":86,"text":1975},"Master python dictionary values method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":32377,"description":34367},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method","C7FI1a366YPc1nISHwbHD3SBOEKiby2QGVuyezuVqKU",{"id":34373,"title":34374,"body":34375,"description":35803,"extension":2064,"meta":35804,"navigation":111,"path":35805,"seo":35806,"stem":35807,"__hash__":35808},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained.md","Python dir() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":34376,"toc":35755},[34377,34383,34388,34391,34407,34416,34418,34450,34456,34459,34554,34557,34562,34567,34570,34581,34583,34597,34603,34605,34610,34616,34619,34658,34666,34671,34674,34719,34722,34734,34740,34746,34750,34781,34784,34802,34805,34809,34848,34850,34870,34873,34885,34890,34896,34899,34954,34957,34968,34971,34982,34985,34989,34995,34997,35027,35030,35045,35048,35051,35070,35073,35089,35098,35100,35131,35137,35142,35145,35152,35183,35186,35208,35211,35214,35228,35232,35263,35278,35285,35292,35296,35304,35308,35316,35319,35368,35379,35381,35384,35390,35395,35404,35408,35411,35414,35418,35421,35423,35444,35448,35454,35465,35471,35473,35479,35503,35506,35569,35572,35600,35603,35665,35667,35672,35675,35682,35690,35697,35700,35708,35714,35716,35743,35752],[10,34378,13,34380,18],{"id":34379},"python-dir-function-explained",[15,34381,34382],{},"dir()",[20,34384,32387,34385,34387],{},[15,34386,34382],{}," function is a simple inspection tool. It helps you see what names are available on an object, module, or in the current scope.",[20,34389,34390],{},"This is especially useful when you are:",[158,34392,34393,34396,34399,34404],{},[161,34394,34395],{},"learning Python",[161,34397,34398],{},"exploring a new object",[161,34400,34401,34402],{},"debugging an ",[15,34403,25740],{},[161,34405,34406],{},"checking what methods exist on a value",[20,34408,34409,34410,34412,34413],{},"In short, ",[15,34411,34382],{}," helps you answer the question: ",[3824,34414,34415],{},"“What can I use here?”",[36,34417,2105],{"id":2104},[41,34419,34421],{"className":43,"code":34420,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"name = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(name))\n",[15,34422,34423,34435],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,34424,34425,34427,34429,34431,34433],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,34426,7955],{"class":56},[50,34428,61],{"class":60},[50,34430,700],{"class":604},[50,34432,3926],{"class":608},[50,34434,705],{"class":604},[50,34436,34437,34439,34441,34444,34446,34448],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,34438,118],{"class":94},[50,34440,98],{"class":64},[50,34442,34443],{"class":94},"dir",[50,34445,98],{"class":64},[50,34447,814],{"class":101},[50,34449,478],{"class":64},[20,34451,920,34452,34455],{},[15,34453,34454],{},"dir(object)"," to see the attributes and methods available on that object.",[20,34457,34458],{},"Example output will include names such as:",[41,34460,34462],{"className":43,"code":34461,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__doc__', ..., 'lower', 'split', 'upper']\n",[15,34463,34464],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,34465,34466,34468,34470,34473,34475,34477,34479,34482,34484,34486,34488,34491,34493,34495,34497,34500,34502,34504,34506,34509,34511,34513,34515,34518,34520,34522,34526,34528,34530,34532,34534,34536,34538,34541,34543,34545,34547,34550,34552],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,34467,363],{"class":64},[50,34469,611],{"class":604},[50,34471,34472],{"class":608},"__add__",[50,34474,611],{"class":604},[50,34476,72],{"class":64},[50,34478,605],{"class":604},[50,34480,34481],{"class":608},"__class__",[50,34483,611],{"class":604},[50,34485,72],{"class":64},[50,34487,605],{"class":604},[50,34489,34490],{"class":608},"__contains__",[50,34492,611],{"class":604},[50,34494,72],{"class":64},[50,34496,605],{"class":604},[50,34498,34499],{"class":608},"__delattr__",[50,34501,611],{"class":604},[50,34503,72],{"class":64},[50,34505,605],{"class":604},[50,34507,34508],{"class":608},"__dir__",[50,34510,611],{"class":604},[50,34512,72],{"class":64},[50,34514,605],{"class":604},[50,34516,34517],{"class":608},"__doc__",[50,34519,611],{"class":604},[50,34521,72],{"class":64},[50,34523,34525],{"class":34524},"s_hVV"," ...",[50,34527,72],{"class":64},[50,34529,605],{"class":604},[50,34531,1401],{"class":608},[50,34533,611],{"class":604},[50,34535,72],{"class":64},[50,34537,605],{"class":604},[50,34539,34540],{"class":608},"split",[50,34542,611],{"class":604},[50,34544,72],{"class":64},[50,34546,605],{"class":604},[50,34548,34549],{"class":608},"upper",[50,34551,611],{"class":604},[50,34553,83],{"class":64},[20,34555,34556],{},"Notice that the result is a list of strings.",[36,34558,153,34560,156],{"id":34559},"what-dir-does",[15,34561,34382],{},[20,34563,34564,34566],{},[15,34565,34382],{}," shows the names available on an object.",[20,34568,34569],{},"It usually includes:",[158,34571,34572,34575,34578],{},[161,34573,34574],{},"attributes",[161,34576,34577],{},"methods",[161,34579,34580],{},"special Python names",[20,34582,11534],{},[158,34584,34585,34591,34594],{},[161,34586,34587,34588],{},"The result is a ",[3824,34589,34590],{},"list of strings",[161,34592,34593],{},"Each string is the name of something available on that object",[161,34595,34596],{},"It is often used for exploration and debugging",[20,34598,34599,34600,34602],{},"For example, if you want to know what you can do with a string, ",[15,34601,34382],{}," gives you a list of available names.",[36,34604,181],{"id":180},[20,34606,34607,34609],{},[15,34608,34382],{}," can be used in two main ways.",[222,34611,34613,34615],{"id":34612},"dir-with-no-argument",[15,34614,34382],{}," with no argument",[20,34617,34618],{},"This shows names in the current scope.",[41,34620,34622],{"className":43,"code":34621,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"x = 10\nname = \"Sam\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,34623,34624,34632,34644,34648],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,34625,34626,34628,34630],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,34627,3119],{"class":56},[50,34629,61],{"class":60},[50,34631,2685],{"class":68},[50,34633,34634,34636,34638,34640,34642],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,34635,7955],{"class":56},[50,34637,61],{"class":60},[50,34639,700],{"class":604},[50,34641,7756],{"class":608},[50,34643,705],{"class":604},[50,34645,34646],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,34647,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,34649,34650,34652,34654,34656],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,34651,118],{"class":94},[50,34653,98],{"class":64},[50,34655,34443],{"class":94},[50,34657,7273],{"class":64},[20,34659,34660,34661,4472,34663,34665],{},"This will show names such as ",[15,34662,2273],{},[15,34664,814],{},", along with other names available in that scope.",[222,34667,34669],{"id":34668},"dirobject",[15,34670,34454],{},[20,34672,34673],{},"This shows names related to a specific object.",[41,34675,34677],{"className":43,"code":34676,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(dir(\"hello\"))\nprint(dir([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,34678,34679,34697],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,34680,34681,34683,34685,34687,34689,34691,34693,34695],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,34682,118],{"class":94},[50,34684,98],{"class":64},[50,34686,34443],{"class":94},[50,34688,98],{"class":64},[50,34690,811],{"class":604},[50,34692,3926],{"class":608},[50,34694,811],{"class":604},[50,34696,478],{"class":64},[50,34698,34699,34701,34703,34705,34707,34709,34711,34713,34715,34717],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,34700,118],{"class":94},[50,34702,98],{"class":64},[50,34704,34443],{"class":94},[50,34706,1792],{"class":64},[50,34708,366],{"class":68},[50,34710,72],{"class":64},[50,34712,80],{"class":68},[50,34714,72],{"class":64},[50,34716,500],{"class":68},[50,34718,1805],{"class":64},[20,34720,34721],{},"Common objects you might inspect:",[158,34723,34724,34726,34728,34731],{},[161,34725,5388],{},[161,34727,5379],{},[161,34729,34730],{},"modules",[161,34732,34733],{},"custom objects",[36,34735,914,34737,34739],{"id":34736},"using-dir-with-a-value",[15,34738,34382],{}," with a value",[20,34741,34742,34743,34745],{},"A common use of ",[15,34744,34382],{}," is passing in a value to see what methods it has.",[222,34747,34749],{"id":34748},"example-string-methods","Example: string methods",[41,34751,34753],{"className":43,"code":34752,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(text))\n",[15,34754,34755,34767],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,34756,34757,34759,34761,34763,34765],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,34758,695],{"class":56},[50,34760,61],{"class":60},[50,34762,700],{"class":604},[50,34764,3926],{"class":608},[50,34766,705],{"class":604},[50,34768,34769,34771,34773,34775,34777,34779],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,34770,118],{"class":94},[50,34772,98],{"class":64},[50,34774,34443],{"class":94},[50,34776,98],{"class":64},[50,34778,718],{"class":101},[50,34780,478],{"class":64},[20,34782,34783],{},"You will see method names like:",[158,34785,34786,34790,34794,34798],{},[161,34787,34788],{},[15,34789,1401],{},[161,34791,34792],{},[15,34793,34549],{},[161,34795,34796],{},[15,34797,34540],{},[161,34799,34800],{},[15,34801,8714],{},[20,34803,34804],{},"This tells you what operations are available for strings.",[222,34806,34808],{"id":34807},"example-list-methods","Example: list methods",[41,34810,34812],{"className":43,"code":34811,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(dir(numbers))\n",[15,34813,34814,34834],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,34815,34816,34818,34820,34822,34824,34826,34828,34830,34832],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,34817,57],{"class":56},[50,34819,61],{"class":60},[50,34821,65],{"class":64},[50,34823,366],{"class":68},[50,34825,72],{"class":64},[50,34827,80],{"class":68},[50,34829,72],{"class":64},[50,34831,500],{"class":68},[50,34833,83],{"class":64},[50,34835,34836,34838,34840,34842,34844,34846],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,34837,118],{"class":94},[50,34839,98],{"class":64},[50,34841,34443],{"class":94},[50,34843,98],{"class":64},[50,34845,102],{"class":101},[50,34847,478],{"class":64},[20,34849,34783],{},[158,34851,34852,34856,34860,34865],{},[161,34853,34854],{},[15,34855,13626],{},[161,34857,34858],{},[15,34859,26310],{},[161,34861,34862],{},[15,34863,34864],{},"remove",[161,34866,34867],{},[15,34868,34869],{},"sort",[20,34871,34872],{},"This is a good way to discover what you can do with a list.",[20,34874,34875,34876,34881,34882,34884],{},"If you are not sure what kind of object you have, ",[421,34877,34879],{"href":34878},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained",[15,34880,2400],{}," can help first. Then ",[15,34883,34382],{}," can show what names are available on that object.",[36,34886,914,34888,34615],{"id":34887},"using-dir-with-no-argument",[15,34889,34382],{},[20,34891,34892,34893,34895],{},"When used with no argument, ",[15,34894,34382],{}," shows names currently defined in your local scope.",[20,34897,34898],{},"This is useful when working in the Python shell.",[41,34900,34902],{"className":43,"code":34901,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"x = 5\n\ndef greet():\n    return \"Hello\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,34903,34904,34913,34917,34928,34940,34944],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,34905,34906,34908,34910],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,34907,3119],{"class":56},[50,34909,61],{"class":60},[50,34911,34912],{"class":68}," 5\n",[50,34914,34915],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,34916,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,34918,34919,34922,34926],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,34920,34921],{"class":600},"def",[50,34923,34925],{"class":34924},"sGLFI"," greet",[50,34927,21664],{"class":64},[50,34929,34930,34933,34935,34938],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,34931,34932],{"class":3957},"    return",[50,34934,700],{"class":604},[50,34936,34937],{"class":608},"Hello",[50,34939,705],{"class":604},[50,34941,34942],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,34943,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,34945,34946,34948,34950,34952],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,34947,118],{"class":94},[50,34949,98],{"class":64},[50,34951,34443],{"class":94},[50,34953,7273],{"class":64},[20,34955,34956],{},"The output will include names like:",[158,34958,34959,34963],{},[161,34960,34961],{},[15,34962,2273],{},[161,34964,34965],{},[15,34966,34967],{},"greet",[20,34969,34970],{},"This is helpful for checking:",[158,34972,34973,34976,34979],{},[161,34974,34975],{},"what variables exist",[161,34977,34978],{},"what functions you have defined",[161,34980,34981],{},"what names are currently available",[20,34983,34984],{},"It is especially useful while experimenting in the interactive Python shell.",[36,34986,34988],{"id":34987},"how-to-read-the-output","How to read the output",[20,34990,34991,34992,34994],{},"When you first use ",[15,34993,34382],{},", the output can look overwhelming.",[20,34996,1602],{},[41,34998,34999],{"className":43,"code":34752,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,35000,35001,35013],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,35002,35003,35005,35007,35009,35011],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,35004,695],{"class":56},[50,35006,61],{"class":60},[50,35008,700],{"class":604},[50,35010,3926],{"class":608},[50,35012,705],{"class":604},[50,35014,35015,35017,35019,35021,35023,35025],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,35016,118],{"class":94},[50,35018,98],{"class":64},[50,35020,34443],{"class":94},[50,35022,98],{"class":64},[50,35024,718],{"class":101},[50,35026,478],{"class":64},[20,35028,35029],{},"You will probably see many names that start and end with double underscores, such as:",[158,35031,35032,35036,35040],{},[161,35033,35034],{},[15,35035,34481],{},[161,35037,35038],{},[15,35039,34517],{},[161,35041,35042],{},[15,35043,35044],{},"__len__",[20,35046,35047],{},"These are special Python names used by the language itself.",[20,35049,35050],{},"As a beginner, it is usually better to focus first on regular method names such as:",[158,35052,35053,35057,35061,35065],{},[161,35054,35055],{},[15,35056,34549],{},[161,35058,35059],{},[15,35060,1401],{},[161,35062,35063],{},[15,35064,34540],{},[161,35066,35067],{},[15,35068,35069],{},"replace",[20,35071,35072],{},"A key point to remember:",[158,35074,35075,35083],{},[161,35076,35077,35079,35080],{},[15,35078,34382],{}," lists ",[3824,35081,35082],{},"names only",[161,35084,35085,35086,35088],{},"it does ",[3824,35087,4709],{}," explain what each name does",[20,35090,35091,35092,425],{},"If you want an explanation of a method, use ",[421,35093,35095],{"href":35094},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained",[15,35096,35097],{},"help()",[20,35099,5551],{},[41,35101,35103],{"className":43,"code":35102,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"name = \"hello\"\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35104,35105,35117],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,35106,35107,35109,35111,35113,35115],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,35108,7955],{"class":56},[50,35110,61],{"class":60},[50,35112,700],{"class":604},[50,35114,3926],{"class":608},[50,35116,705],{"class":604},[50,35118,35119,35121,35123,35125,35127,35129],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,35120,32222],{"class":94},[50,35122,98],{"class":64},[50,35124,814],{"class":101},[50,35126,425],{"class":64},[50,35128,34549],{"class":1400},[50,35130,105],{"class":64},[36,35132,35134,35136],{"id":35133},"dir-on-modules",[15,35135,34382],{}," on modules",[20,35138,15786,35139,35141],{},[15,35140,34382],{}," on modules after importing them.",[20,35143,35144],{},"This is useful when you want to explore what a module provides.",[222,35146,35148,35149,35151],{"id":35147},"example-math-module","Example: ",[15,35150,18486],{}," module",[41,35153,35155],{"className":43,"code":35154,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"import math\n\nprint(dir(math))\n",[15,35156,35157,35165,35169],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,35158,35159,35162],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,35160,35161],{"class":3957},"import",[50,35163,35164],{"class":56}," math\n",[50,35166,35167],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,35168,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,35170,35171,35173,35175,35177,35179,35181],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,35172,118],{"class":94},[50,35174,98],{"class":64},[50,35176,34443],{"class":94},[50,35178,98],{"class":64},[50,35180,18486],{"class":101},[50,35182,478],{"class":64},[20,35184,35185],{},"You may see names like:",[158,35187,35188,35193,35198,35203],{},[161,35189,35190],{},[15,35191,35192],{},"sqrt",[161,35194,35195],{},[15,35196,35197],{},"ceil",[161,35199,35200],{},[15,35201,35202],{},"floor",[161,35204,35205],{},[15,35206,35207],{},"pi",[20,35209,35210],{},"This helps you discover available functions and constants.",[20,35212,35213],{},"If you are exploring modules, these pages may help too:",[158,35215,35216,35222],{},[161,35217,35218],{},[421,35219,35221],{"href":35220},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-modules-explained","Python modules explained",[161,35223,35224],{},[421,35225,35227],{"href":35226},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview","Python math module overview",[222,35229,35231],{"id":35230},"another-example","Another example",[41,35233,35235],{"className":43,"code":35234,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"import json\n\nprint(dir(json))\n",[15,35236,35237,35244,35248],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,35238,35239,35241],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,35240,35161],{"class":3957},[50,35242,35243],{"class":56}," json\n",[50,35245,35246],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,35247,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,35249,35250,35252,35254,35256,35258,35261],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,35251,118],{"class":94},[50,35253,98],{"class":64},[50,35255,34443],{"class":94},[50,35257,98],{"class":64},[50,35259,35260],{"class":101},"json",[50,35262,478],{"class":64},[20,35264,35265,35266,31,35269,31,35272,17144,35275,425],{},"This can help you quickly spot useful names such as ",[15,35267,35268],{},"dump",[15,35270,35271],{},"dumps",[15,35273,35274],{},"load",[15,35276,35277],{},"loads",[36,35279,35281,1467,35283],{"id":35280},"dir-vs-help",[15,35282,34382],{},[15,35284,35097],{},[20,35286,35287,4472,35289,35291],{},[15,35288,34382],{},[15,35290,35097],{}," are often used together.",[222,35293,35294],{"id":34443},[15,35295,34382],{},[158,35297,35298,35301],{},[161,35299,35300],{},"shows available names",[161,35302,35303],{},"helps you discover methods and attributes",[222,35305,35306],{"id":32222},[15,35307,35097],{},[158,35309,35310,35313],{},[161,35311,35312],{},"explains what an object or function does",[161,35314,35315],{},"shows usage details and documentation",[20,35317,35318],{},"A common beginner workflow looks like this:",[41,35320,35322],{"className":43,"code":35321,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35323,35324,35336,35340,35354],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,35325,35326,35328,35330,35332,35334],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,35327,7955],{"class":56},[50,35329,61],{"class":60},[50,35331,700],{"class":604},[50,35333,3926],{"class":608},[50,35335,705],{"class":604},[50,35337,35338],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,35339,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,35341,35342,35344,35346,35348,35350,35352],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,35343,118],{"class":94},[50,35345,98],{"class":64},[50,35347,34443],{"class":94},[50,35349,98],{"class":64},[50,35351,814],{"class":101},[50,35353,478],{"class":64},[50,35355,35356,35358,35360,35362,35364,35366],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,35357,32222],{"class":94},[50,35359,98],{"class":64},[50,35361,814],{"class":101},[50,35363,425],{"class":64},[50,35365,34549],{"class":1400},[50,35367,105],{"class":64},[20,35369,920,35370,35372,35373,35375,35376,35378],{},[15,35371,34382],{}," first to find a method name.",[9924,35374],{},"\nThen use ",[15,35377,35097],{}," to understand how to use it.",[36,35380,25426],{"id":25425},[20,35382,35383],{},"Here are a few things that often confuse beginners.",[222,35385,35387,35389],{"id":35386},"dir-returns-names-not-values",[15,35388,34382],{}," returns names, not values",[20,35391,35392,35394],{},[15,35393,34382],{}," does not give you the actual value of an attribute. It only gives you its name.",[20,35396,35397,35398,1455,35400,35403],{},"For example, seeing ",[15,35399,34549],{},[15,35401,35402],{},"dir(\"hello\")"," does not run the method. It only tells you the method exists.",[222,35405,35407],{"id":35406},"not-every-name-is-for-everyday-use","Not every name is for everyday use",[20,35409,35410],{},"Many names in the output are special Python internals, especially names with double underscores.",[20,35412,35413],{},"Beginners usually do not need most of these right away.",[222,35415,35417],{"id":35416},"output-can-vary","Output can vary",[20,35419,35420],{},"The exact output depends on the object type.",[20,35422,5551],{},[158,35424,35425,35430,35436],{},[161,35426,35427,35429],{},[15,35428,35402],{}," shows string-related names",[161,35431,35432,35435],{},[15,35433,35434],{},"dir([1, 2, 3])"," shows list-related names",[161,35437,35438,35441,35442,35151],{},[15,35439,35440],{},"dir(math)"," shows names from the ",[15,35443,18486],{},[222,35445,35447],{"id":35446},"a-name-existing-does-not-mean-you-know-how-to-call-it","A name existing does not mean you know how to call it",[20,35449,35450,35451,35453],{},"Just because a method appears in ",[15,35452,34382],{}," does not mean you already know:",[158,35455,35456,35459,35462],{},[161,35457,35458],{},"what it does",[161,35460,35461],{},"what arguments it needs",[161,35463,35464],{},"what it returns",[20,35466,35467,35468,35470],{},"That is why ",[15,35469,35097],{}," is the natural next step.",[36,35472,1743],{"id":1742},[20,35474,35475,35476,35478],{},"Beginners often use ",[15,35477,34382],{}," in these situations:",[158,35480,35481,35484,35493,35496],{},[161,35482,35483],{},"Trying to understand what methods are available on a string, list, or dictionary",[161,35485,35486,35487,35492],{},"Seeing an ",[421,35488,35490],{"href":35489},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix",[15,35491,25740],{}," and wanting to check valid attribute names",[161,35494,35495],{},"Exploring a module without knowing its functions",[161,35497,914,35498,35500,35501],{},[15,35499,34382],{}," output without following up with documentation or ",[15,35502,35097],{},[20,35504,35505],{},"A simple debugging workflow is:",[41,35507,35509],{"className":43,"code":35508,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(type(name))\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35510,35511,35523,35527,35541,35555],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,35512,35513,35515,35517,35519,35521],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,35514,7955],{"class":56},[50,35516,61],{"class":60},[50,35518,700],{"class":604},[50,35520,3926],{"class":608},[50,35522,705],{"class":604},[50,35524,35525],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,35526,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,35528,35529,35531,35533,35535,35537,35539],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,35530,118],{"class":94},[50,35532,98],{"class":64},[50,35534,558],{"class":557},[50,35536,98],{"class":64},[50,35538,814],{"class":101},[50,35540,478],{"class":64},[50,35542,35543,35545,35547,35549,35551,35553],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,35544,118],{"class":94},[50,35546,98],{"class":64},[50,35548,34443],{"class":94},[50,35550,98],{"class":64},[50,35552,814],{"class":101},[50,35554,478],{"class":64},[50,35556,35557,35559,35561,35563,35565,35567],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,35558,32222],{"class":94},[50,35560,98],{"class":64},[50,35562,814],{"class":101},[50,35564,425],{"class":64},[50,35566,34549],{"class":1400},[50,35568,105],{"class":64},[20,35570,35571],{},"And for modules:",[41,35573,35574],{"className":43,"code":35154,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,35575,35576,35582,35586],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,35577,35578,35580],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,35579,35161],{"class":3957},[50,35581,35164],{"class":56},[50,35583,35584],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,35585,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,35587,35588,35590,35592,35594,35596,35598],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,35589,118],{"class":94},[50,35591,98],{"class":64},[50,35593,34443],{"class":94},[50,35595,98],{"class":64},[50,35597,18486],{"class":101},[50,35599,478],{"class":64},[20,35601,35602],{},"You can try the same commands in the Python shell:",[41,35604,35606],{"className":43,"code":35605,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"python\nname = \"hello\"\ndir(name)\nhelp(name.upper)\nimport math\ndir(math)\n",[15,35607,35608,35613,35625,35635,35649,35655],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,35609,35610],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,35611,35612],{"class":56},"python\n",[50,35614,35615,35617,35619,35621,35623],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,35616,7955],{"class":56},[50,35618,61],{"class":60},[50,35620,700],{"class":604},[50,35622,3926],{"class":608},[50,35624,705],{"class":604},[50,35626,35627,35629,35631,35633],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,35628,34443],{"class":94},[50,35630,98],{"class":64},[50,35632,814],{"class":101},[50,35634,105],{"class":64},[50,35636,35637,35639,35641,35643,35645,35647],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,35638,32222],{"class":94},[50,35640,98],{"class":64},[50,35642,814],{"class":101},[50,35644,425],{"class":64},[50,35646,34549],{"class":1400},[50,35648,105],{"class":64},[50,35650,35651,35653],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,35652,35161],{"class":3957},[50,35654,35164],{"class":56},[50,35656,35657,35659,35661,35663],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,35658,34443],{"class":94},[50,35660,98],{"class":64},[50,35662,18486],{"class":101},[50,35664,105],{"class":64},[36,35666,1913],{"id":1912},[222,35668,1927,35670,5224],{"id":35669},"what-does-dir-return-in-python",[15,35671,34382],{},[20,35673,35674],{},"It returns a list of strings containing attribute and method names for an object, or names in the current scope when called with no argument.",[222,35676,5258,35678,4472,35680,1943],{"id":35677},"what-is-the-difference-between-dir-and-help",[15,35679,34382],{},[15,35681,35097],{},[20,35683,35684,35686,35687,35689],{},[15,35685,34382],{}," lists available names. ",[15,35688,35097],{}," gives documentation and usage details.",[222,35691,35693,35694,35696],{"id":35692},"why-do-i-see-names-with-double-underscores-in-dir-output","Why do I see names with double underscores in ",[15,35695,34382],{}," output?",[20,35698,35699],{},"Those are special Python attributes and methods used internally by the language.",[222,35701,5248,35703,35705,35706,1943],{"id":35702},"can-dir-help-fix-attributeerror",[15,35704,34382],{}," help fix ",[15,35707,25740],{},[20,35709,35710,35711,425],{},"Yes. It can show which attribute names actually exist on an object. This makes it useful when debugging an error like ",[421,35712,35713],{"href":35489},"object has no attribute",[36,35715,1975],{"id":1974},[158,35717,35718,35724,35729,35733,35737],{},[161,35719,35720],{},[421,35721,13,35722,1461],{"href":35094},[15,35723,35097],{},[161,35725,35726],{},[421,35727,35728],{"href":35489},"AttributeError: object has no attribute fix",[161,35730,35731],{},[421,35732,35221],{"href":35220},[161,35734,35735],{},[421,35736,35227],{"href":35226},[161,35738,35739],{},[421,35740,13,35741,1461],{"href":34878},[15,35742,2400],{},[20,35744,35745,35746,35748,35749,35751],{},"A good habit is to use ",[15,35747,34382],{}," together with ",[15,35750,35097],{}," in the Python shell. It is one of the fastest ways to explore objects and learn Python methods as you go.",[2018,35753,35754],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":35756},[35757,35758,35760,35765,35770,35772,35773,35779,35784,35791,35792,35802],{"id":2104,"depth":86,"text":2105},{"id":34559,"depth":86,"text":35759},"What dir() does",{"id":180,"depth":86,"text":181,"children":35761},[35762,35764],{"id":34612,"depth":108,"text":35763},"dir() with no argument",{"id":34668,"depth":108,"text":34454},{"id":34736,"depth":86,"text":35766,"children":35767},"Using dir() with a value",[35768,35769],{"id":34748,"depth":108,"text":34749},{"id":34807,"depth":108,"text":34808},{"id":34887,"depth":86,"text":35771},"Using dir() with no argument",{"id":34987,"depth":86,"text":34988},{"id":35133,"depth":86,"text":35774,"children":35775},"dir() on modules",[35776,35778],{"id":35147,"depth":108,"text":35777},"Example: math module",{"id":35230,"depth":108,"text":35231},{"id":35280,"depth":86,"text":35780,"children":35781},"dir() vs help()",[35782,35783],{"id":34443,"depth":108,"text":34382},{"id":32222,"depth":108,"text":35097},{"id":25425,"depth":86,"text":25426,"children":35785},[35786,35788,35789,35790],{"id":35386,"depth":108,"text":35787},"dir() returns names, not values",{"id":35406,"depth":108,"text":35407},{"id":35416,"depth":108,"text":35417},{"id":35446,"depth":108,"text":35447},{"id":1742,"depth":86,"text":1743},{"id":1912,"depth":86,"text":1913,"children":35793},[35794,35796,35798,35800],{"id":35669,"depth":108,"text":35795},"What does dir() return in Python?",{"id":35677,"depth":108,"text":35797},"What is the difference between dir() and help()?",{"id":35692,"depth":108,"text":35799},"Why do I see names with double underscores in dir() output?",{"id":35702,"depth":108,"text":35801},"Can dir() help fix AttributeError?",{"id":1974,"depth":86,"text":1975},"Master python dir function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained",{"title":34374,"description":35803},"reference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained","GdcucA4RY69afXDO9saBTHeJ2twMUyCItdFzeLoSsyo",{"id":35810,"title":35811,"body":35812,"description":37629,"extension":2064,"meta":37630,"navigation":111,"path":37631,"seo":37632,"stem":37633,"__hash__":37634},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained.md","Python enumerate() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":35813,"toc":37598},[35814,35819,35824,35827,35835,35841,35843,35923,35925,35951,35956,35961,35966,35969,35980,35983,35985,36064,36066,36092,36099,36101,36103,36128,36131,36144,36149,36151,36232,36234,36260,36267,36272,36280,36286,36293,36296,36298,36377,36380,36437,36439,36476,36482,36487,36492,36495,36509,36511,36614,36616,36659,36668,36678,36685,36691,36698,36781,36783,36806,36809,36812,36814,36818,36822,36825,36888,36911,36914,36918,36924,36926,36993,36996,37073,37078,37084,37087,37090,37136,37138,37162,37167,37171,37176,37182,37245,37248,37250,37253,37278,37281,37416,37418,37519,37521,37526,37529,37535,37545,37553,37558,37564,37570,37572,37595],[10,35815,13,35817,18],{"id":35816},"python-enumerate-function-explained",[15,35818,2008],{},[20,35820,35821,35823],{},[15,35822,2008],{}," is a built-in Python function that helps you loop through items while also keeping track of their position.",[20,35825,35826],{},"It is useful when you need both:",[158,35828,35829,35832],{},[161,35830,35831],{},"the item itself",[161,35833,35834],{},"its index in the loop",[20,35836,35837,35838,35840],{},"Beginners often use a manual counter variable for this, but ",[15,35839,2008],{}," is usually cleaner and easier to read.",[36,35842,2105],{"id":2104},[41,35844,35846],{"className":43,"code":35845,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,35847,35848,35880,35884,35907],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,35849,35850,35852,35854,35856,35858,35860,35862,35864,35866,35868,35870,35872,35874,35876,35878],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,35851,13149],{"class":56},[50,35853,61],{"class":60},[50,35855,65],{"class":64},[50,35857,811],{"class":604},[50,35859,13166],{"class":608},[50,35861,811],{"class":604},[50,35863,72],{"class":64},[50,35865,700],{"class":604},[50,35867,17525],{"class":608},[50,35869,811],{"class":604},[50,35871,72],{"class":64},[50,35873,700],{"class":604},[50,35875,13183],{"class":608},[50,35877,811],{"class":604},[50,35879,83],{"class":64},[50,35881,35882],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,35883,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,35885,35886,35888,35891,35893,35896,35898,35901,35903,35905],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,35887,6035],{"class":3957},[50,35889,35890],{"class":56}," index",[50,35892,72],{"class":64},[50,35894,35895],{"class":56}," color ",[50,35897,3964],{"class":3957},[50,35899,35900],{"class":94}," enumerate",[50,35902,98],{"class":64},[50,35904,17572],{"class":101},[50,35906,8421],{"class":64},[50,35908,35909,35911,35913,35916,35918,35921],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,35910,8148],{"class":94},[50,35912,98],{"class":64},[50,35914,35915],{"class":101},"index",[50,35917,72],{"class":64},[50,35919,35920],{"class":101}," color",[50,35922,105],{"class":64},[20,35924,353],{},[41,35926,35928],{"className":43,"code":35927,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"0 red\n1 green\n2 blue\n",[15,35929,35930,35937,35944],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,35931,35932,35934],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,35933,2220],{"class":68},[50,35935,35936],{"class":56}," red\n",[50,35938,35939,35941],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,35940,366],{"class":68},[50,35942,35943],{"class":56}," green\n",[50,35945,35946,35948],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,35947,1564],{"class":68},[50,35949,35950],{"class":56}," blue\n",[20,35952,920,35953,35955],{},[15,35954,2008],{}," when you need both the item and its position in a loop.",[36,35957,153,35959,156],{"id":35958},"what-enumerate-does",[15,35960,2008],{},[20,35962,35963,35965],{},[15,35964,2008],{}," lets you loop over an iterable and get both the index and the value at the same time.",[20,35967,35968],{},"It is commonly used with:",[158,35970,35971,35973,35975,35977],{},[161,35972,5379],{},[161,35974,5382],{},[161,35976,5388],{},[161,35978,35979],{},"other iterable objects",[20,35981,35982],{},"This helps you avoid writing and updating your own counter variable.",[20,35984,1602],{},[41,35986,35988],{"className":43,"code":35987,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor index, name in enumerate(names):\n    print(index, name)\n",[15,35989,35990,36024,36028,36049],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,35991,35992,35994,35996,35998,36000,36002,36004,36006,36008,36011,36013,36015,36017,36020,36022],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,35993,5074],{"class":56},[50,35995,61],{"class":60},[50,35997,65],{"class":64},[50,35999,811],{"class":604},[50,36001,824],{"class":608},[50,36003,811],{"class":604},[50,36005,72],{"class":64},[50,36007,700],{"class":604},[50,36009,36010],{"class":608},"Ben",[50,36012,811],{"class":604},[50,36014,72],{"class":64},[50,36016,700],{"class":604},[50,36018,36019],{"class":608},"Cara",[50,36021,811],{"class":604},[50,36023,83],{"class":64},[50,36025,36026],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,36027,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,36029,36030,36032,36034,36036,36039,36041,36043,36045,36047],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,36031,6035],{"class":3957},[50,36033,35890],{"class":56},[50,36035,72],{"class":64},[50,36037,36038],{"class":56}," name ",[50,36040,3964],{"class":3957},[50,36042,35900],{"class":94},[50,36044,98],{"class":64},[50,36046,5118],{"class":101},[50,36048,8421],{"class":64},[50,36050,36051,36053,36055,36057,36059,36062],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,36052,8148],{"class":94},[50,36054,98],{"class":64},[50,36056,35915],{"class":101},[50,36058,72],{"class":64},[50,36060,36061],{"class":101}," name",[50,36063,105],{"class":64},[20,36065,353],{},[41,36067,36069],{"className":43,"code":36068,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"0 Ana\n1 Ben\n2 Cara\n",[15,36070,36071,36078,36085],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,36072,36073,36075],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,36074,2220],{"class":68},[50,36076,36077],{"class":56}," Ana\n",[50,36079,36080,36082],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,36081,366],{"class":68},[50,36083,36084],{"class":56}," Ben\n",[50,36086,36087,36089],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,36088,1564],{"class":68},[50,36090,36091],{"class":56}," Cara\n",[20,36093,36094,36095,425],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with loops, see ",[421,36096,36098],{"href":36097},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained\u002F","Python for loops explained",[36,36100,181],{"id":180},[20,36102,2259],{},[41,36104,36106],{"className":43,"code":36105,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"enumerate(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,36107,36108],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,36109,36110,36113,36115,36117,36119,36122,36124,36126],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,36111,36112],{"class":94},"enumerate",[50,36114,98],{"class":64},[50,36116,196],{"class":101},[50,36118,72],{"class":64},[50,36120,36121],{"class":201}," start",[50,36123,61],{"class":60},[50,36125,2220],{"class":68},[50,36127,105],{"class":64},[20,36129,36130],{},"It has two parts:",[158,36132,36133,36138],{},[161,36134,36135,36137],{},[15,36136,196],{},": the object you want to loop through",[161,36139,36140,36143],{},[15,36141,36142],{},"start",": the number to begin counting from",[20,36145,36146,36147,425],{},"By default, counting starts at ",[15,36148,2220],{},[20,36150,1602],{},[41,36152,36154],{"className":43,"code":36153,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i, letter in enumerate(letters):\n    print(i, letter)\n",[15,36155,36156,36189,36193,36216],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,36157,36158,36161,36163,36165,36167,36169,36171,36173,36175,36177,36179,36181,36183,36185,36187],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,36159,36160],{"class":56},"letters ",[50,36162,61],{"class":60},[50,36164,65],{"class":64},[50,36166,811],{"class":604},[50,36168,421],{"class":608},[50,36170,811],{"class":604},[50,36172,72],{"class":64},[50,36174,700],{"class":604},[50,36176,4839],{"class":608},[50,36178,811],{"class":604},[50,36180,72],{"class":64},[50,36182,700],{"class":604},[50,36184,9817],{"class":608},[50,36186,811],{"class":604},[50,36188,83],{"class":64},[50,36190,36191],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,36192,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,36194,36195,36197,36200,36202,36205,36207,36209,36211,36214],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,36196,6035],{"class":3957},[50,36198,36199],{"class":56}," i",[50,36201,72],{"class":64},[50,36203,36204],{"class":56}," letter ",[50,36206,3964],{"class":3957},[50,36208,35900],{"class":94},[50,36210,98],{"class":64},[50,36212,36213],{"class":101},"letters",[50,36215,8421],{"class":64},[50,36217,36218,36220,36222,36225,36227,36230],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,36219,8148],{"class":94},[50,36221,98],{"class":64},[50,36223,36224],{"class":101},"i",[50,36226,72],{"class":64},[50,36228,36229],{"class":101}," letter",[50,36231,105],{"class":64},[20,36233,353],{},[41,36235,36237],{"className":43,"code":36236,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"0 a\n1 b\n2 c\n",[15,36238,36239,36246,36253],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,36240,36241,36243],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,36242,2220],{"class":68},[50,36244,36245],{"class":56}," a\n",[50,36247,36248,36250],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,36249,366],{"class":68},[50,36251,36252],{"class":56}," b\n",[50,36254,36255,36257],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,36256,1564],{"class":68},[50,36258,36259],{"class":56}," c\n",[20,36261,36262,36263,425],{},"If you want to compare this with another counting tool, see the ",[421,36264,13,36265,1461],{"href":2013},[15,36266,2016],{},[36,36268,153,36270,11780],{"id":36269},"what-enumerate-returns",[15,36271,2008],{},[20,36273,36274,36276,36277,425],{},[15,36275,2008],{}," returns an ",[3824,36278,36279],{},"enumerate object",[20,36281,36282,36283,36285],{},"In most cases, you use it directly in a ",[15,36284,6035],{}," loop. Each step of the loop gives you a pair:",[158,36287,36288],{},[161,36289,36290],{},[15,36291,36292],{},"(index, item)",[20,36294,36295],{},"You usually unpack that pair into two variables.",[20,36297,1602],{},[41,36299,36301],{"className":43,"code":36300,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\n\nfor index, fruit in enumerate(fruits):\n    print(index, fruit)\n",[15,36302,36303,36336,36340,36362],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,36304,36305,36308,36310,36312,36314,36316,36318,36320,36322,36324,36326,36328,36330,36332,36334],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,36306,36307],{"class":56},"fruits ",[50,36309,61],{"class":60},[50,36311,65],{"class":64},[50,36313,811],{"class":604},[50,36315,1049],{"class":608},[50,36317,811],{"class":604},[50,36319,72],{"class":64},[50,36321,700],{"class":604},[50,36323,1058],{"class":608},[50,36325,811],{"class":604},[50,36327,72],{"class":64},[50,36329,700],{"class":604},[50,36331,33291],{"class":608},[50,36333,811],{"class":604},[50,36335,83],{"class":64},[50,36337,36338],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,36339,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,36341,36342,36344,36346,36348,36351,36353,36355,36357,36360],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,36343,6035],{"class":3957},[50,36345,35890],{"class":56},[50,36347,72],{"class":64},[50,36349,36350],{"class":56}," fruit ",[50,36352,3964],{"class":3957},[50,36354,35900],{"class":94},[50,36356,98],{"class":64},[50,36358,36359],{"class":101},"fruits",[50,36361,8421],{"class":64},[50,36363,36364,36366,36368,36370,36372,36375],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,36365,8148],{"class":94},[50,36367,98],{"class":64},[50,36369,35915],{"class":101},[50,36371,72],{"class":64},[50,36373,36374],{"class":101}," fruit",[50,36376,105],{"class":64},[20,36378,36379],{},"You can also convert the result to a list if you want to see all the pairs at once:",[41,36381,36383],{"className":43,"code":36382,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = list(enumerate(numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,36384,36385,36405,36409,36427],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,36386,36387,36389,36391,36393,36395,36397,36399,36401,36403],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,36388,57],{"class":56},[50,36390,61],{"class":60},[50,36392,65],{"class":64},[50,36394,1618],{"class":68},[50,36396,72],{"class":64},[50,36398,840],{"class":68},[50,36400,72],{"class":64},[50,36402,1627],{"class":68},[50,36404,83],{"class":64},[50,36406,36407],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,36408,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,36410,36411,36413,36415,36417,36419,36421,36423,36425],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,36412,89],{"class":56},[50,36414,61],{"class":60},[50,36416,22629],{"class":557},[50,36418,98],{"class":64},[50,36420,36112],{"class":94},[50,36422,98],{"class":64},[50,36424,102],{"class":101},[50,36426,478],{"class":64},[50,36428,36429,36431,36433,36435],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,36430,118],{"class":94},[50,36432,98],{"class":64},[50,36434,123],{"class":101},[50,36436,105],{"class":64},[20,36438,353],{},[41,36440,36442],{"className":43,"code":36441,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n",[15,36443,36444],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,36445,36446,36448,36450,36452,36454,36456,36458,36460,36462,36464,36466,36468,36470,36472,36474],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,36447,21809],{"class":64},[50,36449,2220],{"class":68},[50,36451,72],{"class":64},[50,36453,6082],{"class":68},[50,36455,9313],{"class":64},[50,36457,521],{"class":64},[50,36459,366],{"class":68},[50,36461,72],{"class":64},[50,36463,840],{"class":68},[50,36465,9313],{"class":64},[50,36467,521],{"class":64},[50,36469,1564],{"class":68},[50,36471,72],{"class":64},[50,36473,1627],{"class":68},[50,36475,9328],{"class":64},[20,36477,36478,36479,36481],{},"This is a good way to understand what ",[15,36480,2008],{}," produces.",[36,36483,5040,36485],{"id":36484},"when-to-use-enumerate",[15,36486,2008],{},[20,36488,920,36489,36491],{},[15,36490,2008],{}," when you need the item number while looping.",[20,36493,36494],{},"Common cases:",[158,36496,36497,36500,36503,36506],{},[161,36498,36499],{},"printing numbered output",[161,36501,36502],{},"building menus",[161,36504,36505],{},"showing positions in a list",[161,36507,36508],{},"looping over both index and value together",[20,36510,1602],{},[41,36512,36514],{"className":43,"code":36513,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"tasks = [\"Wash dishes\", \"Study Python\", \"Go for a walk\"]\n\nfor number, task in enumerate(tasks, start=1):\n    print(f\"{number}. {task}\")\n",[15,36515,36516,36551,36555,36585],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,36517,36518,36520,36522,36524,36526,36529,36531,36533,36535,36538,36540,36542,36544,36547,36549],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,36519,29966],{"class":56},[50,36521,61],{"class":60},[50,36523,65],{"class":64},[50,36525,811],{"class":604},[50,36527,36528],{"class":608},"Wash dishes",[50,36530,811],{"class":604},[50,36532,72],{"class":64},[50,36534,700],{"class":604},[50,36536,36537],{"class":608},"Study Python",[50,36539,811],{"class":604},[50,36541,72],{"class":64},[50,36543,700],{"class":604},[50,36545,36546],{"class":608},"Go for a walk",[50,36548,811],{"class":604},[50,36550,83],{"class":64},[50,36552,36553],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,36554,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,36556,36557,36559,36561,36563,36566,36568,36570,36572,36575,36577,36579,36581,36583],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,36558,6035],{"class":3957},[50,36560,2296],{"class":56},[50,36562,72],{"class":64},[50,36564,36565],{"class":56}," task ",[50,36567,3964],{"class":3957},[50,36569,35900],{"class":94},[50,36571,98],{"class":64},[50,36573,36574],{"class":101},"tasks",[50,36576,72],{"class":64},[50,36578,36121],{"class":201},[50,36580,61],{"class":60},[50,36582,366],{"class":68},[50,36584,8421],{"class":64},[50,36586,36587,36589,36591,36593,36595,36597,36599,36601,36603,36605,36608,36610,36612],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,36588,8148],{"class":94},[50,36590,98],{"class":64},[50,36592,22363],{"class":600},[50,36594,811],{"class":608},[50,36596,9357],{"class":68},[50,36598,2338],{"class":101},[50,36600,22372],{"class":68},[50,36602,28383],{"class":608},[50,36604,9357],{"class":68},[50,36606,36607],{"class":101},"task",[50,36609,22372],{"class":68},[50,36611,811],{"class":608},[50,36613,105],{"class":64},[20,36615,353],{},[41,36617,36619],{"className":43,"code":36618,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"1. Wash dishes\n2. Study Python\n3. Go for a walk\n",[15,36620,36621,36633,36645],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,36622,36623,36625,36627,36630],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,36624,366],{"class":68},[50,36626,425],{"class":64},[50,36628,36629],{"class":1400}," Wash",[50,36631,36632],{"class":56}," dishes\n",[50,36634,36635,36637,36639,36642],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,36636,1564],{"class":68},[50,36638,425],{"class":64},[50,36640,36641],{"class":1400}," Study",[50,36643,36644],{"class":56}," Python\n",[50,36646,36647,36649,36651,36654,36656],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,36648,69],{"class":68},[50,36650,425],{"class":64},[50,36652,36653],{"class":1400}," Go",[50,36655,3958],{"class":3957},[50,36657,36658],{"class":56}," a walk\n",[20,36660,36661,36662,36664,36665,425],{},"If you need both the index and the value, ",[15,36663,2008],{}," is usually easier to read than ",[15,36666,36667],{},"range(len(...))",[20,36669,36670,36671,425],{},"If you want more practical examples, see ",[421,36672,36674,36675,36677],{"href":36673},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python\u002F","how to use ",[15,36676,2008],{}," in Python",[36,36679,36681,36682,36684],{"id":36680},"using-the-start-argument","Using the ",[15,36683,36142],{}," argument",[20,36686,36687,36688,36690],{},"You can change where counting begins by passing the ",[15,36689,36142],{}," argument.",[20,36692,36693,36694,1940,36696,819],{},"For example, if you want counting to start at ",[15,36695,366],{},[15,36697,2220],{},[41,36699,36701],{"className":43,"code":36700,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors, start=1):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,36702,36703,36735,36739,36767],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,36704,36705,36707,36709,36711,36713,36715,36717,36719,36721,36723,36725,36727,36729,36731,36733],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,36706,13149],{"class":56},[50,36708,61],{"class":60},[50,36710,65],{"class":64},[50,36712,811],{"class":604},[50,36714,13166],{"class":608},[50,36716,811],{"class":604},[50,36718,72],{"class":64},[50,36720,700],{"class":604},[50,36722,17525],{"class":608},[50,36724,811],{"class":604},[50,36726,72],{"class":64},[50,36728,700],{"class":604},[50,36730,13183],{"class":608},[50,36732,811],{"class":604},[50,36734,83],{"class":64},[50,36736,36737],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,36738,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,36740,36741,36743,36745,36747,36749,36751,36753,36755,36757,36759,36761,36763,36765],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,36742,6035],{"class":3957},[50,36744,35890],{"class":56},[50,36746,72],{"class":64},[50,36748,35895],{"class":56},[50,36750,3964],{"class":3957},[50,36752,35900],{"class":94},[50,36754,98],{"class":64},[50,36756,17572],{"class":101},[50,36758,72],{"class":64},[50,36760,36121],{"class":201},[50,36762,61],{"class":60},[50,36764,366],{"class":68},[50,36766,8421],{"class":64},[50,36768,36769,36771,36773,36775,36777,36779],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,36770,8148],{"class":94},[50,36772,98],{"class":64},[50,36774,35915],{"class":101},[50,36776,72],{"class":64},[50,36778,35920],{"class":101},[50,36780,105],{"class":64},[20,36782,353],{},[41,36784,36786],{"className":43,"code":36785,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"1 red\n2 green\n3 blue\n",[15,36787,36788,36794,36800],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,36789,36790,36792],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,36791,366],{"class":68},[50,36793,35936],{"class":56},[50,36795,36796,36798],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,36797,1564],{"class":68},[50,36799,35943],{"class":56},[50,36801,36802,36804],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,36803,69],{"class":68},[50,36805,35950],{"class":56},[20,36807,36808],{},"This is especially useful for user-facing output, such as menus or numbered lists.",[20,36810,36811],{},"The original iterable does not change. Only the counting value changes.",[36,36813,25426],{"id":25425},[20,36815,25429,36816,425],{},[15,36817,2008],{},[222,36819,36821],{"id":36820},"the-index-is-not-the-same-as-the-value","The index is not the same as the value",[20,36823,36824],{},"In this loop:",[41,36826,36828],{"className":43,"code":36827,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nfor index, value in enumerate(numbers):\n    print(index, value)\n",[15,36829,36830,36850,36854,36874],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,36831,36832,36834,36836,36838,36840,36842,36844,36846,36848],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,36833,57],{"class":56},[50,36835,61],{"class":60},[50,36837,65],{"class":64},[50,36839,1618],{"class":68},[50,36841,72],{"class":64},[50,36843,840],{"class":68},[50,36845,72],{"class":64},[50,36847,1627],{"class":68},[50,36849,83],{"class":64},[50,36851,36852],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,36853,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,36855,36856,36858,36860,36862,36864,36866,36868,36870,36872],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,36857,6035],{"class":3957},[50,36859,35890],{"class":56},[50,36861,72],{"class":64},[50,36863,21653],{"class":56},[50,36865,3964],{"class":3957},[50,36867,35900],{"class":94},[50,36869,98],{"class":64},[50,36871,102],{"class":101},[50,36873,8421],{"class":64},[50,36875,36876,36878,36880,36882,36884,36886],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,36877,8148],{"class":94},[50,36879,98],{"class":64},[50,36881,35915],{"class":101},[50,36883,72],{"class":64},[50,36885,8512],{"class":101},[50,36887,105],{"class":64},[158,36889,36890,36900],{},[161,36891,36892,4862,36894,31,36896,31,36898],{},[15,36893,35915],{},[15,36895,2220],{},[15,36897,366],{},[15,36899,1564],{},[161,36901,36902,4862,36904,31,36906,31,36908],{},[15,36903,2570],{},[15,36905,1618],{},[15,36907,15826],{},[15,36909,36910],{},"30",[20,36912,36913],{},"These are different things.",[222,36915,36917],{"id":36916},"you-must-unpack-into-two-variables","You must unpack into two variables",[20,36919,36920,36921,36923],{},"Each item from ",[15,36922,2008],{}," is a pair.",[20,36925,6766],{},[41,36927,36929],{"className":43,"code":36928,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item)\n",[15,36930,36931,36955,36959,36979],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,36932,36933,36935,36937,36939,36941,36943,36945,36947,36949,36951,36953],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,36934,7859],{"class":56},[50,36936,61],{"class":60},[50,36938,65],{"class":64},[50,36940,811],{"class":604},[50,36942,2273],{"class":608},[50,36944,811],{"class":604},[50,36946,72],{"class":64},[50,36948,700],{"class":604},[50,36950,780],{"class":608},[50,36952,811],{"class":604},[50,36954,83],{"class":64},[50,36956,36957],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,36958,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,36960,36961,36963,36965,36967,36969,36971,36973,36975,36977],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,36962,6035],{"class":3957},[50,36964,36199],{"class":56},[50,36966,72],{"class":64},[50,36968,6038],{"class":56},[50,36970,3964],{"class":3957},[50,36972,35900],{"class":94},[50,36974,98],{"class":64},[50,36976,7888],{"class":101},[50,36978,8421],{"class":64},[50,36980,36981,36983,36985,36987,36989,36991],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,36982,8148],{"class":94},[50,36984,98],{"class":64},[50,36986,36224],{"class":101},[50,36988,72],{"class":64},[50,36990,29576],{"class":101},[50,36992,105],{"class":64},[20,36994,36995],{},"But this causes an error:",[41,36997,36999],{"className":43,"code":36998,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item, extra in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item, extra)\n",[15,37000,37001,37025,37029,37054],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,37002,37003,37005,37007,37009,37011,37013,37015,37017,37019,37021,37023],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,37004,7859],{"class":56},[50,37006,61],{"class":60},[50,37008,65],{"class":64},[50,37010,811],{"class":604},[50,37012,2273],{"class":608},[50,37014,811],{"class":604},[50,37016,72],{"class":64},[50,37018,700],{"class":604},[50,37020,780],{"class":608},[50,37022,811],{"class":604},[50,37024,83],{"class":64},[50,37026,37027],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,37028,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,37030,37031,37033,37035,37037,37039,37041,37044,37046,37048,37050,37052],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,37032,6035],{"class":3957},[50,37034,36199],{"class":56},[50,37036,72],{"class":64},[50,37038,29576],{"class":56},[50,37040,72],{"class":64},[50,37042,37043],{"class":56}," extra ",[50,37045,3964],{"class":3957},[50,37047,35900],{"class":94},[50,37049,98],{"class":64},[50,37051,7888],{"class":101},[50,37053,8421],{"class":64},[50,37055,37056,37058,37060,37062,37064,37066,37068,37071],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,37057,8148],{"class":94},[50,37059,98],{"class":64},[50,37061,36224],{"class":101},[50,37063,72],{"class":64},[50,37065,29576],{"class":101},[50,37067,72],{"class":64},[50,37069,37070],{"class":101}," extra",[50,37072,105],{"class":64},[20,37074,29131,37075,37077],{},[15,37076,2008],{}," only gives two values each time: the index and the item.",[222,37079,37081,37083],{"id":37080},"enumerate-only-works-with-iterable-objects",[15,37082,2008],{}," only works with iterable objects",[20,37085,37086],{},"You can use it with things like lists, strings, and tuples.",[20,37088,37089],{},"Example with a string:",[41,37091,37093],{"className":43,"code":37092,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"for index, char in enumerate(\"cat\"):\n    print(index, char)\n",[15,37094,37095,37121],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,37096,37097,37099,37101,37103,37106,37108,37110,37112,37114,37117,37119],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,37098,6035],{"class":3957},[50,37100,35890],{"class":56},[50,37102,72],{"class":64},[50,37104,37105],{"class":56}," char ",[50,37107,3964],{"class":3957},[50,37109,35900],{"class":94},[50,37111,98],{"class":64},[50,37113,811],{"class":604},[50,37115,37116],{"class":608},"cat",[50,37118,811],{"class":604},[50,37120,8421],{"class":64},[50,37122,37123,37125,37127,37129,37131,37134],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,37124,8148],{"class":94},[50,37126,98],{"class":64},[50,37128,35915],{"class":101},[50,37130,72],{"class":64},[50,37132,37133],{"class":101}," char",[50,37135,105],{"class":64},[20,37137,353],{},[41,37139,37141],{"className":43,"code":37140,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"0 c\n1 a\n2 t\n",[15,37142,37143,37149,37155],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,37144,37145,37147],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,37146,2220],{"class":68},[50,37148,36259],{"class":56},[50,37150,37151,37153],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,37152,366],{"class":68},[50,37154,36245],{"class":56},[50,37156,37157,37159],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,37158,1564],{"class":68},[50,37160,37161],{"class":56}," t\n",[20,37163,37164,37165,425],{},"To understand why this works, see ",[421,37166,5216],{"href":5664},[222,37168,37170],{"id":37169},"if-you-only-need-values-a-normal-loop-is-enough","If you only need values, a normal loop is enough",[20,37172,37173,37174,425],{},"You do not always need ",[15,37175,2008],{},[20,37177,37178,37179,37181],{},"If you only need the items, use a normal ",[15,37180,6035],{}," loop:",[41,37183,37185],{"className":43,"code":37184,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor color in colors:\n    print(color)\n",[15,37186,37187,37219,37223,37235],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,37188,37189,37191,37193,37195,37197,37199,37201,37203,37205,37207,37209,37211,37213,37215,37217],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,37190,13149],{"class":56},[50,37192,61],{"class":60},[50,37194,65],{"class":64},[50,37196,811],{"class":604},[50,37198,13166],{"class":608},[50,37200,811],{"class":604},[50,37202,72],{"class":64},[50,37204,700],{"class":604},[50,37206,17525],{"class":608},[50,37208,811],{"class":604},[50,37210,72],{"class":64},[50,37212,700],{"class":604},[50,37214,13183],{"class":608},[50,37216,811],{"class":604},[50,37218,83],{"class":64},[50,37220,37221],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,37222,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,37224,37225,37227,37229,37231,37233],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,37226,6035],{"class":3957},[50,37228,35895],{"class":56},[50,37230,3964],{"class":3957},[50,37232,13197],{"class":56},[50,37234,6470],{"class":64},[50,37236,37237,37239,37241,37243],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,37238,8148],{"class":94},[50,37240,98],{"class":64},[50,37242,32961],{"class":101},[50,37244,105],{"class":64},[20,37246,37247],{},"That is simpler when the index is not needed.",[36,37249,1743],{"id":1742},[20,37251,37252],{},"Watch out for these common problems:",[158,37254,37255,37260,37266,37271],{},[161,37256,23170,37257,37259],{},[15,37258,2008],{}," into the wrong number of variables",[161,37261,37262,37263,37265],{},"Forgetting that counting starts at ",[15,37264,2220],{}," by default",[161,37267,914,37268,37270],{},[15,37269,2008],{}," when only values are needed",[161,37272,37273,37274,8784,37276],{},"Confusing ",[15,37275,2008],{},[15,37277,2016],{},[20,37279,37280],{},"These quick checks can help you understand what is happening:",[41,37282,37284],{"className":43,"code":37283,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(enumerate([10, 20, 30]))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30])))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30], start=1)))\nfor i, value in enumerate(['a', 'b']):\n    print(i, value)\n",[15,37285,37286,37308,37335,37369,37402],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,37287,37288,37290,37292,37294,37296,37298,37300,37302,37304,37306],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,37289,118],{"class":94},[50,37291,98],{"class":64},[50,37293,36112],{"class":94},[50,37295,1792],{"class":64},[50,37297,1618],{"class":68},[50,37299,72],{"class":64},[50,37301,840],{"class":68},[50,37303,72],{"class":64},[50,37305,1627],{"class":68},[50,37307,1805],{"class":64},[50,37309,37310,37312,37314,37316,37318,37320,37322,37324,37326,37328,37330,37332],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,37311,118],{"class":94},[50,37313,98],{"class":64},[50,37315,437],{"class":557},[50,37317,98],{"class":64},[50,37319,36112],{"class":94},[50,37321,1792],{"class":64},[50,37323,1618],{"class":68},[50,37325,72],{"class":64},[50,37327,840],{"class":68},[50,37329,72],{"class":64},[50,37331,1627],{"class":68},[50,37333,37334],{"class":64},"])))\n",[50,37336,37337,37339,37341,37343,37345,37347,37349,37351,37353,37355,37357,37359,37361,37363,37365,37367],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,37338,118],{"class":94},[50,37340,98],{"class":64},[50,37342,437],{"class":557},[50,37344,98],{"class":64},[50,37346,36112],{"class":94},[50,37348,1792],{"class":64},[50,37350,1618],{"class":68},[50,37352,72],{"class":64},[50,37354,840],{"class":68},[50,37356,72],{"class":64},[50,37358,1627],{"class":68},[50,37360,1860],{"class":64},[50,37362,36121],{"class":201},[50,37364,61],{"class":60},[50,37366,366],{"class":68},[50,37368,569],{"class":64},[50,37370,37371,37373,37375,37377,37379,37381,37383,37385,37387,37389,37391,37393,37395,37397,37399],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,37372,6035],{"class":3957},[50,37374,36199],{"class":56},[50,37376,72],{"class":64},[50,37378,21653],{"class":56},[50,37380,3964],{"class":3957},[50,37382,35900],{"class":94},[50,37384,1792],{"class":64},[50,37386,611],{"class":604},[50,37388,421],{"class":608},[50,37390,611],{"class":604},[50,37392,72],{"class":64},[50,37394,605],{"class":604},[50,37396,4839],{"class":608},[50,37398,611],{"class":604},[50,37400,37401],{"class":64},"]):\n",[50,37403,37404,37406,37408,37410,37412,37414],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,37405,8148],{"class":94},[50,37407,98],{"class":64},[50,37409,36224],{"class":101},[50,37411,72],{"class":64},[50,37413,8512],{"class":101},[50,37415,105],{"class":64},[20,37417,17030],{},[41,37419,37421],{"className":43,"code":37420,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"\u003Cenumerate object at 0x...>\n[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n[(1, 10), (2, 20), (3, 30)]\n0 a\n1 b\n",[15,37422,37423,37443,37475,37507,37513],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,37424,37425,37427,37429,37431,37434,37438,37441],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,37426,597],{"class":60},[50,37428,36112],{"class":94},[50,37430,24686],{"class":557},[50,37432,37433],{"class":56}," at ",[50,37435,37437],{"class":37436},"srjyR","0x",[50,37439,37440],{"class":34524},"...",[50,37442,614],{"class":60},[50,37444,37445,37447,37449,37451,37453,37455,37457,37459,37461,37463,37465,37467,37469,37471,37473],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,37446,21809],{"class":64},[50,37448,2220],{"class":68},[50,37450,72],{"class":64},[50,37452,6082],{"class":68},[50,37454,9313],{"class":64},[50,37456,521],{"class":64},[50,37458,366],{"class":68},[50,37460,72],{"class":64},[50,37462,840],{"class":68},[50,37464,9313],{"class":64},[50,37466,521],{"class":64},[50,37468,1564],{"class":68},[50,37470,72],{"class":64},[50,37472,1627],{"class":68},[50,37474,9328],{"class":64},[50,37476,37477,37479,37481,37483,37485,37487,37489,37491,37493,37495,37497,37499,37501,37503,37505],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,37478,21809],{"class":64},[50,37480,366],{"class":68},[50,37482,72],{"class":64},[50,37484,6082],{"class":68},[50,37486,9313],{"class":64},[50,37488,521],{"class":64},[50,37490,1564],{"class":68},[50,37492,72],{"class":64},[50,37494,840],{"class":68},[50,37496,9313],{"class":64},[50,37498,521],{"class":64},[50,37500,69],{"class":68},[50,37502,72],{"class":64},[50,37504,1627],{"class":68},[50,37506,9328],{"class":64},[50,37508,37509,37511],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,37510,2220],{"class":68},[50,37512,36245],{"class":56},[50,37514,37515,37517],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,37516,366],{"class":68},[50,37518,36252],{"class":56},[36,37520,1913],{"id":1912},[222,37522,1927,37524,5224],{"id":37523},"what-does-enumerate-return-in-python",[15,37525,2008],{},[20,37527,37528],{},"It returns an enumerate object that produces pairs of index and value.",[222,37530,1917,37532,37534],{"id":37531},"does-enumerate-start-at-0-or-1",[15,37533,2008],{}," start at 0 or 1?",[20,37536,37537,37538,37540,37541,37544],{},"It starts at ",[15,37539,2220],{}," by default, but you can change that with ",[15,37542,37543],{},"start=1"," or another number.",[222,37546,21490,37548,1940,37550,1943],{"id":37547},"should-i-use-enumerate-instead-of-rangelenlist",[15,37549,2008],{},[15,37551,37552],{},"range(len(list))",[20,37554,36661,37555,37557],{},[15,37556,2008],{}," is usually clearer and easier to read.",[222,37559,5248,37561,37563],{"id":37560},"can-enumerate-be-used-with-strings",[15,37562,2008],{}," be used with strings?",[20,37565,37566,37567,37569],{},"Yes. A string is iterable, so ",[15,37568,2008],{}," can return each character with its index.",[36,37571,1975],{"id":1974},[158,37573,37574,37578,37584,37591],{},[161,37575,37576],{},[421,37577,36098],{"href":36097},[161,37579,37580],{},[421,37581,13,37582,1461],{"href":2013},[15,37583,2016],{},[161,37585,37586],{},[421,37587,37588,37589,36677],{"href":36673},"How to use ",[15,37590,2008],{},[161,37592,37593],{},[421,37594,5295],{"href":5664},[2018,37596,37597],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":37599},[37600,37601,37603,37604,37606,37608,37610,37617,37618,37628],{"id":2104,"depth":86,"text":2105},{"id":35958,"depth":86,"text":37602},"What enumerate() does",{"id":180,"depth":86,"text":181},{"id":36269,"depth":86,"text":37605},"What enumerate() returns",{"id":36484,"depth":86,"text":37607},"When to use enumerate()",{"id":36680,"depth":86,"text":37609},"Using the start argument",{"id":25425,"depth":86,"text":25426,"children":37611},[37612,37613,37614,37616],{"id":36820,"depth":108,"text":36821},{"id":36916,"depth":108,"text":36917},{"id":37080,"depth":108,"text":37615},"enumerate() only works with iterable objects",{"id":37169,"depth":108,"text":37170},{"id":1742,"depth":86,"text":1743},{"id":1912,"depth":86,"text":1913,"children":37619},[37620,37622,37624,37626],{"id":37523,"depth":108,"text":37621},"What does enumerate() return in Python?",{"id":37531,"depth":108,"text":37623},"Does enumerate() start at 0 or 1?",{"id":37547,"depth":108,"text":37625},"Should I use enumerate() instead of range(len(list))?",{"id":37560,"depth":108,"text":37627},"Can enumerate() be used with strings?",{"id":1974,"depth":86,"text":1975},"Master python enumerate function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained",{"title":35811,"description":37629},"reference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained","tP2Z_ots0Xqf_GFLRq6dqpNDnPiE1yGUJYT2Z9er6Qs",{"id":37636,"title":37637,"body":37638,"description":40152,"extension":2064,"meta":40153,"navigation":111,"path":40154,"seo":40155,"stem":40156,"__hash__":40157},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained.md","Python filter() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":37639,"toc":40109},[37640,37646,37651,37654,37662,37676,37678,37769,37777,37782,37787,37789,37805,37807,37886,37888,37905,37911,37915,37917,37938,37942,37945,37957,37961,37964,37967,37984,37987,38063,38065,38082,38087,38091,38099,38102,38117,38119,38208,38210,38255,38258,38262,38265,38344,38346,38368,38371,38378,38383,38386,38487,38489,38514,38517,38524,38530,38535,38538,38549,38655,38657,38678,38686,38693,38699,38718,38723,38726,38745,38747,38832,38834,38863,38866,38871,38876,38879,38890,38892,38981,38983,39003,39009,39115,39117,39137,39140,39224,39226,39246,39253,39255,39259,39265,39268,39325,39328,39331,39392,39401,39404,39407,39435,39438,39498,39500,39517,39521,39524,39602,39604,39624,39627,39702,39706,39709,39711,39720,39725,39727,39778,39786,39798,39803,39864,39866,39883,39887,39950,39952,39977,39985,39987,39993,39999,40006,40014,40020,40023,40030,40040,40046,40052,40055,40072,40078,40080,40106],[10,37641,13,37643,18],{"id":37642},"python-filter-function-explained",[15,37644,37645],{},"filter()",[20,37647,37648,37650],{},[15,37649,37645],{}," is used to keep only the items that pass a test.",[20,37652,37653],{},"It takes:",[158,37655,37656,37659],{},[161,37657,37658],{},"a function that checks each item",[161,37660,37661],{},"an iterable such as a list, tuple, or string",[20,37663,37664,37665,37668,37669,37672,37673,37675],{},"The result is ",[3824,37666,37667],{},"not a list"," in Python 3. It returns a ",[15,37670,37671],{},"filter"," object, so beginners often convert it with ",[15,37674,24849],{}," to see the values.",[36,37677,2105],{"id":2104},[41,37679,37681],{"className":43,"code":37680,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\nprint(list(result))  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[15,37682,37683,37716,37752],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,37684,37685,37687,37689,37691,37693,37695,37697,37699,37701,37703,37705,37707,37709,37711,37714],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,37686,57],{"class":56},[50,37688,61],{"class":60},[50,37690,65],{"class":64},[50,37692,366],{"class":68},[50,37694,72],{"class":64},[50,37696,80],{"class":68},[50,37698,72],{"class":64},[50,37700,500],{"class":68},[50,37702,72],{"class":64},[50,37704,2554],{"class":68},[50,37706,72],{"class":64},[50,37708,375],{"class":68},[50,37710,72],{"class":64},[50,37712,37713],{"class":68}," 6",[50,37715,83],{"class":64},[50,37717,37718,37720,37722,37725,37727,37730,37734,37736,37738,37740,37742,37744,37746,37748,37750],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,37719,89],{"class":56},[50,37721,61],{"class":60},[50,37723,37724],{"class":94}," filter",[50,37726,98],{"class":64},[50,37728,37729],{"class":600},"lambda",[50,37731,37733],{"class":37732},"sFwrP"," x",[50,37735,819],{"class":64},[50,37737,3961],{"class":101},[50,37739,6480],{"class":60},[50,37741,80],{"class":68},[50,37743,6485],{"class":60},[50,37745,3914],{"class":68},[50,37747,72],{"class":64},[50,37749,4341],{"class":101},[50,37751,105],{"class":64},[50,37753,37754,37756,37758,37760,37762,37764,37766],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,37755,118],{"class":94},[50,37757,98],{"class":64},[50,37759,437],{"class":557},[50,37761,98],{"class":64},[50,37763,123],{"class":101},[50,37765,5440],{"class":64},[50,37767,37768],{"class":129},"  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[20,37770,37771,37773,37774,37776],{},[15,37772,37645],{}," returns a filter object, so beginners often wrap it with ",[15,37775,24849],{}," to see the results.",[36,37778,153,37780,156],{"id":37779},"what-filter-does",[15,37781,37645],{},[20,37783,37784,37786],{},[15,37785,37645],{}," keeps items that pass a test.",[20,37788,2207],{},[158,37790,37791,37794,37800],{},[161,37792,37793],{},"each item is checked one at a time",[161,37795,37796,37797,37799],{},"if the test returns ",[15,37798,247],{},", the item is kept",[161,37801,37796,37802,37804],{},[15,37803,218],{},", the item is removed",[20,37806,1602],{},[41,37808,37810],{"className":43,"code":37809,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x > 3, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37811,37812,37840,37844,37872],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,37813,37814,37816,37818,37820,37822,37824,37826,37828,37830,37832,37834,37836,37838],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,37815,57],{"class":56},[50,37817,61],{"class":60},[50,37819,65],{"class":64},[50,37821,366],{"class":68},[50,37823,72],{"class":64},[50,37825,80],{"class":68},[50,37827,72],{"class":64},[50,37829,500],{"class":68},[50,37831,72],{"class":64},[50,37833,2554],{"class":68},[50,37835,72],{"class":64},[50,37837,375],{"class":68},[50,37839,83],{"class":64},[50,37841,37842],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,37843,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,37845,37846,37848,37850,37852,37854,37856,37858,37860,37862,37864,37866,37868,37870],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,37847,89],{"class":56},[50,37849,61],{"class":60},[50,37851,37724],{"class":94},[50,37853,98],{"class":64},[50,37855,37729],{"class":600},[50,37857,37733],{"class":37732},[50,37859,819],{"class":64},[50,37861,3961],{"class":101},[50,37863,4330],{"class":60},[50,37865,500],{"class":68},[50,37867,72],{"class":64},[50,37869,4341],{"class":101},[50,37871,105],{"class":64},[50,37873,37874,37876,37878,37880,37882,37884],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,37875,118],{"class":94},[50,37877,98],{"class":64},[50,37879,437],{"class":557},[50,37881,98],{"class":64},[50,37883,123],{"class":101},[50,37885,478],{"class":64},[20,37887,353],{},[41,37889,37891],{"className":43,"code":37890,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[4, 5]\n",[15,37892,37893],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,37894,37895,37897,37899,37901,37903],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,37896,363],{"class":64},[50,37898,2602],{"class":68},[50,37900,72],{"class":64},[50,37902,375],{"class":68},[50,37904,83],{"class":64},[20,37906,37907,37908,37910],{},"Here, only numbers greater than ",[15,37909,69],{}," are kept.",[36,37912,37914],{"id":37913},"syntax-and-arguments","Syntax and arguments",[20,37916,2259],{},[41,37918,37920],{"className":43,"code":37919,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"filter(function, iterable)\n",[15,37921,37922],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,37923,37924,37926,37928,37931,37933,37936],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,37925,37671],{"class":94},[50,37927,98],{"class":64},[50,37929,37930],{"class":101},"function",[50,37932,72],{"class":64},[50,37934,37935],{"class":101}," iterable",[50,37937,105],{"class":64},[222,37939,37940],{"id":37930},[15,37941,37930],{},[20,37943,37944],{},"This is the test function.",[158,37946,37947,37950],{},[161,37948,37949],{},"It receives one item at a time",[161,37951,37952,37953,2976,37955],{},"It should return ",[15,37954,247],{},[15,37956,218],{},[222,37958,37959],{"id":196},[15,37960,196],{},[20,37962,37963],{},"This is the group of values to check.",[20,37965,37966],{},"It can be:",[158,37968,37969,37972,37975,37978,37981],{},[161,37970,37971],{},"a list",[161,37973,37974],{},"a tuple",[161,37976,37977],{},"a string",[161,37979,37980],{},"a set",[161,37982,37983],{},"another iterable object",[20,37985,37986],{},"Example with a tuple:",[41,37988,37990],{"className":43,"code":37989,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = (10, 15, 20, 25)\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x >= 20, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37991,37992,38017,38021,38049],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,37993,37994,37996,37998,38000,38002,38004,38007,38009,38011,38013,38015],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,37995,57],{"class":56},[50,37997,61],{"class":60},[50,37999,521],{"class":64},[50,38001,1618],{"class":68},[50,38003,72],{"class":64},[50,38005,38006],{"class":68}," 15",[50,38008,72],{"class":64},[50,38010,840],{"class":68},[50,38012,72],{"class":64},[50,38014,9384],{"class":68},[50,38016,105],{"class":64},[50,38018,38019],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,38020,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,38022,38023,38025,38027,38029,38031,38033,38035,38037,38039,38041,38043,38045,38047],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,38024,89],{"class":56},[50,38026,61],{"class":60},[50,38028,37724],{"class":94},[50,38030,98],{"class":64},[50,38032,37729],{"class":600},[50,38034,37733],{"class":37732},[50,38036,819],{"class":64},[50,38038,3961],{"class":101},[50,38040,5178],{"class":60},[50,38042,840],{"class":68},[50,38044,72],{"class":64},[50,38046,4341],{"class":101},[50,38048,105],{"class":64},[50,38050,38051,38053,38055,38057,38059,38061],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,38052,118],{"class":94},[50,38054,98],{"class":64},[50,38056,437],{"class":557},[50,38058,98],{"class":64},[50,38060,123],{"class":101},[50,38062,478],{"class":64},[20,38064,353],{},[41,38066,38068],{"className":43,"code":38067,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[20, 25]\n",[15,38069,38070],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,38071,38072,38074,38076,38078,38080],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,38073,363],{"class":64},[50,38075,15826],{"class":68},[50,38077,72],{"class":64},[50,38079,9384],{"class":68},[50,38081,83],{"class":64},[20,38083,38084,38085,425],{},"If you are new to iterables, see ",[421,38086,5216],{"href":5664},[36,38088,38090],{"id":38089},"what-the-return-value-means","What the return value means",[20,38092,38093,38094,22044,38096,425],{},"In Python 3, ",[15,38095,37645],{},[3824,38097,38098],{},"filter object",[20,38100,38101],{},"This is an iterator-like object. You can:",[158,38103,38104,38107,38112],{},[161,38105,38106],{},"loop through it",[161,38108,38109,38110],{},"convert it with ",[15,38111,24849],{},[161,38113,38109,38114],{},[15,38115,38116],{},"tuple()",[20,38118,1602],{},[41,38120,38122],{"className":43,"code":38121,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38123,38124,38166,38170,38180,38194],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,38125,38126,38128,38130,38132,38134,38136,38138,38140,38142,38144,38146,38148,38150,38152,38154,38156,38158,38160,38162,38164],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,38127,89],{"class":56},[50,38129,61],{"class":60},[50,38131,37724],{"class":94},[50,38133,98],{"class":64},[50,38135,37729],{"class":600},[50,38137,37733],{"class":37732},[50,38139,819],{"class":64},[50,38141,3961],{"class":101},[50,38143,4330],{"class":60},[50,38145,80],{"class":68},[50,38147,72],{"class":64},[50,38149,65],{"class":64},[50,38151,366],{"class":68},[50,38153,72],{"class":64},[50,38155,80],{"class":68},[50,38157,72],{"class":64},[50,38159,500],{"class":68},[50,38161,72],{"class":64},[50,38163,2554],{"class":68},[50,38165,3970],{"class":64},[50,38167,38168],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,38169,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,38171,38172,38174,38176,38178],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,38173,118],{"class":94},[50,38175,98],{"class":64},[50,38177,123],{"class":101},[50,38179,105],{"class":64},[50,38181,38182,38184,38186,38188,38190,38192],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,38183,118],{"class":94},[50,38185,98],{"class":64},[50,38187,558],{"class":557},[50,38189,98],{"class":64},[50,38191,123],{"class":101},[50,38193,478],{"class":64},[50,38195,38196,38198,38200,38202,38204,38206],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,38197,118],{"class":94},[50,38199,98],{"class":64},[50,38201,437],{"class":557},[50,38203,98],{"class":64},[50,38205,123],{"class":101},[50,38207,478],{"class":64},[20,38209,353],{},[41,38211,38213],{"className":43,"code":38212,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"\u003Cfilter object at ...>\n\u003Cclass 'filter'>\n[3, 4]\n",[15,38214,38215,38229,38243],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,38216,38217,38219,38221,38223,38225,38227],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,38218,597],{"class":60},[50,38220,37671],{"class":94},[50,38222,24686],{"class":557},[50,38224,37433],{"class":56},[50,38226,37440],{"class":34524},[50,38228,614],{"class":60},[50,38230,38231,38233,38235,38237,38239,38241],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,38232,597],{"class":60},[50,38234,601],{"class":600},[50,38236,605],{"class":604},[50,38238,37671],{"class":608},[50,38240,611],{"class":604},[50,38242,614],{"class":60},[50,38244,38245,38247,38249,38251,38253],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,38246,363],{"class":64},[50,38248,69],{"class":68},[50,38250,72],{"class":64},[50,38252,2554],{"class":68},[50,38254,83],{"class":64},[20,38256,38257],{},"If you print the filter object directly, you will not see the filtered items.",[222,38259,38261],{"id":38260},"important-a-filter-object-is-consumed-as-you-use-it","Important: a filter object is consumed as you use it",[20,38263,38264],{},"Once you loop through it or convert it to a list, the items are used up.",[41,38266,38268],{"className":43,"code":38267,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38269,38270,38312,38316,38330],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,38271,38272,38274,38276,38278,38280,38282,38284,38286,38288,38290,38292,38294,38296,38298,38300,38302,38304,38306,38308,38310],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,38273,89],{"class":56},[50,38275,61],{"class":60},[50,38277,37724],{"class":94},[50,38279,98],{"class":64},[50,38281,37729],{"class":600},[50,38283,37733],{"class":37732},[50,38285,819],{"class":64},[50,38287,3961],{"class":101},[50,38289,4330],{"class":60},[50,38291,80],{"class":68},[50,38293,72],{"class":64},[50,38295,65],{"class":64},[50,38297,366],{"class":68},[50,38299,72],{"class":64},[50,38301,80],{"class":68},[50,38303,72],{"class":64},[50,38305,500],{"class":68},[50,38307,72],{"class":64},[50,38309,2554],{"class":68},[50,38311,3970],{"class":64},[50,38313,38314],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,38315,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,38317,38318,38320,38322,38324,38326,38328],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,38319,118],{"class":94},[50,38321,98],{"class":64},[50,38323,437],{"class":557},[50,38325,98],{"class":64},[50,38327,123],{"class":101},[50,38329,478],{"class":64},[50,38331,38332,38334,38336,38338,38340,38342],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,38333,118],{"class":94},[50,38335,98],{"class":64},[50,38337,437],{"class":557},[50,38339,98],{"class":64},[50,38341,123],{"class":101},[50,38343,478],{"class":64},[20,38345,353],{},[41,38347,38349],{"className":43,"code":38348,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[3, 4]\n[]\n",[15,38350,38351,38363],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,38352,38353,38355,38357,38359,38361],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,38354,363],{"class":64},[50,38356,69],{"class":68},[50,38358,72],{"class":64},[50,38360,2554],{"class":68},[50,38362,83],{"class":64},[50,38364,38365],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,38366,38367],{"class":64},"[]\n",[20,38369,38370],{},"The second result is empty because the filter object was already consumed.",[36,38372,914,38374,8784,38376],{"id":38373},"using-filter-with-lambda",[15,38375,37645],{},[15,38377,37729],{},[20,38379,15261,38380,38382],{},[15,38381,37729],{}," is a short anonymous function.",[20,38384,38385],{},"It is useful for simple filtering rules that fit on one line.",[41,38387,38389],{"className":43,"code":38388,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"apple\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\", \"fig\"]\n\nresult = filter(lambda word: len(word) > 4, words)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38390,38391,38431,38435,38473],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,38392,38393,38395,38397,38399,38401,38403,38405,38407,38409,38411,38413,38415,38417,38419,38421,38423,38425,38427,38429],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,38394,1040],{"class":56},[50,38396,61],{"class":60},[50,38398,65],{"class":64},[50,38400,811],{"class":604},[50,38402,1049],{"class":608},[50,38404,811],{"class":604},[50,38406,72],{"class":64},[50,38408,700],{"class":604},[50,38410,1238],{"class":608},[50,38412,811],{"class":604},[50,38414,72],{"class":64},[50,38416,700],{"class":604},[50,38418,1058],{"class":608},[50,38420,811],{"class":604},[50,38422,72],{"class":64},[50,38424,700],{"class":604},[50,38426,1221],{"class":608},[50,38428,811],{"class":604},[50,38430,83],{"class":64},[50,38432,38433],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,38434,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,38436,38437,38439,38441,38443,38445,38447,38450,38452,38455,38457,38460,38462,38465,38467,38469,38471],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,38438,89],{"class":56},[50,38440,61],{"class":60},[50,38442,37724],{"class":94},[50,38444,98],{"class":64},[50,38446,37729],{"class":600},[50,38448,38449],{"class":37732}," word",[50,38451,819],{"class":64},[50,38453,38454],{"class":94}," len",[50,38456,98],{"class":64},[50,38458,38459],{"class":101},"word",[50,38461,126],{"class":64},[50,38463,38464],{"class":60}," >",[50,38466,2554],{"class":68},[50,38468,72],{"class":64},[50,38470,6246],{"class":101},[50,38472,105],{"class":64},[50,38474,38475,38477,38479,38481,38483,38485],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,38476,118],{"class":94},[50,38478,98],{"class":64},[50,38480,437],{"class":557},[50,38482,98],{"class":64},[50,38484,123],{"class":101},[50,38486,478],{"class":64},[20,38488,353],{},[41,38490,38492],{"className":43,"code":38491,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,38493,38494],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,38495,38496,38498,38500,38502,38504,38506,38508,38510,38512],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,38497,363],{"class":64},[50,38499,611],{"class":604},[50,38501,1049],{"class":608},[50,38503,611],{"class":604},[50,38505,72],{"class":64},[50,38507,605],{"class":604},[50,38509,1058],{"class":608},[50,38511,611],{"class":604},[50,38513,83],{"class":64},[20,38515,38516],{},"This keeps only words with more than 4 characters.",[20,38518,38519,38520,425],{},"If you want to learn this syntax more clearly, see ",[421,38521,38523],{"href":38522},"\u002Flearn\u002Flambda-functions-in-python-explained\u002F","lambda functions in Python explained",[36,38525,914,38527,38529],{"id":38526},"using-filter-with-a-named-function",[15,38528,37645],{}," with a named function",[20,38531,38532,38533,425],{},"A named function is often easier to read than a complex ",[15,38534,37729],{},[20,38536,38537],{},"This is especially helpful when:",[158,38539,38540,38543,38546],{},[161,38541,38542],{},"the logic needs a clear name",[161,38544,38545],{},"the rule is more than a very short check",[161,38547,38548],{},"you want beginner-friendly code",[41,38550,38552],{"className":43,"code":38551,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"def is_even(number):\n    return number % 2 == 0\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(is_even, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38553,38554,38567,38582,38586,38618,38637,38641],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,38555,38556,38558,38561,38563,38565],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,38557,34921],{"class":600},[50,38559,38560],{"class":34924}," is_even",[50,38562,98],{"class":64},[50,38564,2338],{"class":37732},[50,38566,8421],{"class":64},[50,38568,38569,38571,38573,38575,38577,38579],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,38570,34932],{"class":3957},[50,38572,6463],{"class":56},[50,38574,6480],{"class":60},[50,38576,80],{"class":68},[50,38578,6485],{"class":60},[50,38580,38581],{"class":68}," 0\n",[50,38583,38584],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,38585,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,38587,38588,38590,38592,38594,38596,38598,38600,38602,38604,38606,38608,38610,38612,38614,38616],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,38589,57],{"class":56},[50,38591,61],{"class":60},[50,38593,65],{"class":64},[50,38595,366],{"class":68},[50,38597,72],{"class":64},[50,38599,80],{"class":68},[50,38601,72],{"class":64},[50,38603,500],{"class":68},[50,38605,72],{"class":64},[50,38607,2554],{"class":68},[50,38609,72],{"class":64},[50,38611,375],{"class":68},[50,38613,72],{"class":64},[50,38615,37713],{"class":68},[50,38617,83],{"class":64},[50,38619,38620,38622,38624,38626,38628,38631,38633,38635],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,38621,89],{"class":56},[50,38623,61],{"class":60},[50,38625,37724],{"class":94},[50,38627,98],{"class":64},[50,38629,38630],{"class":101},"is_even",[50,38632,72],{"class":64},[50,38634,4341],{"class":101},[50,38636,105],{"class":64},[50,38638,38639],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,38640,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,38642,38643,38645,38647,38649,38651,38653],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,38644,118],{"class":94},[50,38646,98],{"class":64},[50,38648,437],{"class":557},[50,38650,98],{"class":64},[50,38652,123],{"class":101},[50,38654,478],{"class":64},[20,38656,353],{},[41,38658,38660],{"className":43,"code":38659,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[2, 4, 6]\n",[15,38661,38662],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,38663,38664,38666,38668,38670,38672,38674,38676],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,38665,363],{"class":64},[50,38667,1564],{"class":68},[50,38669,72],{"class":64},[50,38671,2554],{"class":68},[50,38673,72],{"class":64},[50,38675,37713],{"class":68},[50,38677,83],{"class":64},[20,38679,1325,38680,2494,38683,38685],{},[15,38681,38682],{},"is_even()",[15,38684,247],{}," for even numbers, so those numbers are kept.",[36,38687,914,38689,8784,38691],{"id":38688},"using-none-with-filter",[15,38690,208],{},[15,38692,37645],{},[20,38694,38695,38696,38698],{},"You can pass ",[15,38697,208],{}," as the first argument:",[41,38700,38702],{"className":43,"code":38701,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"filter(None, iterable)\n",[15,38703,38704],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,38705,38706,38708,38710,38712,38714,38716],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,38707,37671],{"class":94},[50,38709,98],{"class":64},[50,38711,208],{"class":207},[50,38713,72],{"class":64},[50,38715,37935],{"class":101},[50,38717,105],{"class":64},[20,38719,38720,38721,7419],{},"In this case, Python removes ",[3824,38722,5674],{},[20,38724,38725],{},"Falsy values include:",[158,38727,38728,38732,38737,38741],{},[161,38729,38730],{},[15,38731,2220],{},[161,38733,38734,38736],{},[15,38735,3855],{}," (empty string)",[161,38738,38739],{},[15,38740,208],{},[161,38742,38743],{},[15,38744,218],{},[20,38746,1602],{},[41,38748,38750],{"className":43,"code":38749,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [0, 1, \"\", \"hello\", None, True, False, 5]\n\nresult = filter(None, items)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38751,38752,38796,38800,38818],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,38753,38754,38756,38758,38760,38762,38764,38766,38768,38770,38772,38774,38776,38778,38780,38782,38784,38786,38788,38790,38792,38794],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,38755,7859],{"class":56},[50,38757,61],{"class":60},[50,38759,65],{"class":64},[50,38761,2220],{"class":68},[50,38763,72],{"class":64},[50,38765,75],{"class":68},[50,38767,72],{"class":64},[50,38769,6204],{"class":604},[50,38771,72],{"class":64},[50,38773,700],{"class":604},[50,38775,3926],{"class":608},[50,38777,811],{"class":604},[50,38779,72],{"class":64},[50,38781,3933],{"class":207},[50,38783,72],{"class":64},[50,38785,3997],{"class":207},[50,38787,72],{"class":64},[50,38789,3988],{"class":207},[50,38791,72],{"class":64},[50,38793,375],{"class":68},[50,38795,83],{"class":64},[50,38797,38798],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,38799,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,38801,38802,38804,38806,38808,38810,38812,38814,38816],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,38803,89],{"class":56},[50,38805,61],{"class":60},[50,38807,37724],{"class":94},[50,38809,98],{"class":64},[50,38811,208],{"class":207},[50,38813,72],{"class":64},[50,38815,6043],{"class":101},[50,38817,105],{"class":64},[50,38819,38820,38822,38824,38826,38828,38830],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,38821,118],{"class":94},[50,38823,98],{"class":64},[50,38825,437],{"class":557},[50,38827,98],{"class":64},[50,38829,123],{"class":101},[50,38831,478],{"class":64},[20,38833,353],{},[41,38835,38837],{"className":43,"code":38836,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[1, 'hello', True, 5]\n",[15,38838,38839],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,38840,38841,38843,38845,38847,38849,38851,38853,38855,38857,38859,38861],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,38842,363],{"class":64},[50,38844,366],{"class":68},[50,38846,72],{"class":64},[50,38848,605],{"class":604},[50,38850,3926],{"class":608},[50,38852,611],{"class":604},[50,38854,72],{"class":64},[50,38856,3997],{"class":207},[50,38858,72],{"class":64},[50,38860,375],{"class":68},[50,38862,83],{"class":64},[20,38864,38865],{},"This is useful when you want to remove empty or false-like values from data.",[36,38867,5040,38869],{"id":38868},"when-to-use-filter",[15,38870,37645],{},[20,38872,920,38873,38875],{},[15,38874,37645],{}," when you want to keep only matching items.",[20,38877,38878],{},"It works well for:",[158,38880,38881,38884,38887],{},[161,38882,38883],{},"simple filtering rules",[161,38885,38886],{},"quick data cleaning",[161,38888,38889],{},"cases where a function already exists for the test",[20,38891,1602],{},[41,38893,38895],{"className":43,"code":38894,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\n\nprint(list(evens))\n",[15,38896,38897,38929,38962,38966],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,38898,38899,38901,38903,38905,38907,38909,38911,38913,38915,38917,38919,38921,38923,38925,38927],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,38900,57],{"class":56},[50,38902,61],{"class":60},[50,38904,65],{"class":64},[50,38906,366],{"class":68},[50,38908,72],{"class":64},[50,38910,80],{"class":68},[50,38912,72],{"class":64},[50,38914,500],{"class":68},[50,38916,72],{"class":64},[50,38918,2554],{"class":68},[50,38920,72],{"class":64},[50,38922,375],{"class":68},[50,38924,72],{"class":64},[50,38926,37713],{"class":68},[50,38928,83],{"class":64},[50,38930,38931,38934,38936,38938,38940,38942,38944,38946,38948,38950,38952,38954,38956,38958,38960],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,38932,38933],{"class":56},"evens ",[50,38935,61],{"class":60},[50,38937,37724],{"class":94},[50,38939,98],{"class":64},[50,38941,37729],{"class":600},[50,38943,37733],{"class":37732},[50,38945,819],{"class":64},[50,38947,3961],{"class":101},[50,38949,6480],{"class":60},[50,38951,80],{"class":68},[50,38953,6485],{"class":60},[50,38955,3914],{"class":68},[50,38957,72],{"class":64},[50,38959,4341],{"class":101},[50,38961,105],{"class":64},[50,38963,38964],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,38965,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,38967,38968,38970,38972,38974,38976,38979],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,38969,118],{"class":94},[50,38971,98],{"class":64},[50,38973,437],{"class":557},[50,38975,98],{"class":64},[50,38977,38978],{"class":101},"evens",[50,38980,478],{"class":64},[20,38982,353],{},[41,38984,38985],{"className":43,"code":38659,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,38986,38987],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,38988,38989,38991,38993,38995,38997,38999,39001],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,38990,363],{"class":64},[50,38992,1564],{"class":68},[50,38994,72],{"class":64},[50,38996,2554],{"class":68},[50,38998,72],{"class":64},[50,39000,37713],{"class":68},[50,39002,83],{"class":64},[20,39004,39005,39006,39008],{},"For beginners, though, a ",[15,39007,6035],{}," loop may be easier to understand.",[41,39010,39012],{"className":43,"code":39011,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = []\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        evens.append(number)\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,39013,39014,39046,39054,39058,39070,39086,39101,39105],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,39015,39016,39018,39020,39022,39024,39026,39028,39030,39032,39034,39036,39038,39040,39042,39044],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,39017,57],{"class":56},[50,39019,61],{"class":60},[50,39021,65],{"class":64},[50,39023,366],{"class":68},[50,39025,72],{"class":64},[50,39027,80],{"class":68},[50,39029,72],{"class":64},[50,39031,500],{"class":68},[50,39033,72],{"class":64},[50,39035,2554],{"class":68},[50,39037,72],{"class":64},[50,39039,375],{"class":68},[50,39041,72],{"class":64},[50,39043,37713],{"class":68},[50,39045,83],{"class":64},[50,39047,39048,39050,39052],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,39049,38933],{"class":56},[50,39051,61],{"class":60},[50,39053,7917],{"class":64},[50,39055,39056],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,39057,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,39059,39060,39062,39064,39066,39068],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,39061,6035],{"class":3957},[50,39063,6463],{"class":56},[50,39065,3964],{"class":3957},[50,39067,4341],{"class":56},[50,39069,6470],{"class":64},[50,39071,39072,39074,39076,39078,39080,39082,39084],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,39073,6475],{"class":3957},[50,39075,6463],{"class":56},[50,39077,6480],{"class":60},[50,39079,80],{"class":68},[50,39081,6485],{"class":60},[50,39083,3914],{"class":68},[50,39085,6470],{"class":64},[50,39087,39088,39091,39093,39095,39097,39099],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,39089,39090],{"class":56},"        evens",[50,39092,425],{"class":64},[50,39094,13626],{"class":101},[50,39096,98],{"class":64},[50,39098,2338],{"class":101},[50,39100,105],{"class":64},[50,39102,39103],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,39104,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,39106,39107,39109,39111,39113],{"class":52,"line":6503},[50,39108,118],{"class":94},[50,39110,98],{"class":64},[50,39112,38978],{"class":101},[50,39114,105],{"class":64},[20,39116,353],{},[41,39118,39119],{"className":43,"code":38659,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,39120,39121],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,39122,39123,39125,39127,39129,39131,39133,39135],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,39124,363],{"class":64},[50,39126,1564],{"class":68},[50,39128,72],{"class":64},[50,39130,2554],{"class":68},[50,39132,72],{"class":64},[50,39134,37713],{"class":68},[50,39136,83],{"class":64},[20,39138,39139],{},"A list comprehension is also a common alternative:",[41,39141,39143],{"className":43,"code":39142,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = [number for number in numbers if number % 2 == 0]\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,39144,39145,39177,39210,39214],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,39146,39147,39149,39151,39153,39155,39157,39159,39161,39163,39165,39167,39169,39171,39173,39175],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,39148,57],{"class":56},[50,39150,61],{"class":60},[50,39152,65],{"class":64},[50,39154,366],{"class":68},[50,39156,72],{"class":64},[50,39158,80],{"class":68},[50,39160,72],{"class":64},[50,39162,500],{"class":68},[50,39164,72],{"class":64},[50,39166,2554],{"class":68},[50,39168,72],{"class":64},[50,39170,375],{"class":68},[50,39172,72],{"class":64},[50,39174,37713],{"class":68},[50,39176,83],{"class":64},[50,39178,39179,39181,39183,39185,39187,39189,39191,39193,39196,39198,39200,39202,39204,39206,39208],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,39180,38933],{"class":56},[50,39182,61],{"class":60},[50,39184,65],{"class":64},[50,39186,2316],{"class":56},[50,39188,6035],{"class":3957},[50,39190,6463],{"class":56},[50,39192,3964],{"class":3957},[50,39194,39195],{"class":56}," numbers ",[50,39197,7076],{"class":3957},[50,39199,6463],{"class":56},[50,39201,6480],{"class":60},[50,39203,80],{"class":68},[50,39205,6485],{"class":60},[50,39207,3914],{"class":68},[50,39209,83],{"class":64},[50,39211,39212],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,39213,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,39215,39216,39218,39220,39222],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,39217,118],{"class":94},[50,39219,98],{"class":64},[50,39221,38978],{"class":101},[50,39223,105],{"class":64},[20,39225,353],{},[41,39227,39228],{"className":43,"code":38659,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,39229,39230],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,39231,39232,39234,39236,39238,39240,39242,39244],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,39233,363],{"class":64},[50,39235,1564],{"class":68},[50,39237,72],{"class":64},[50,39239,2554],{"class":68},[50,39241,72],{"class":64},[50,39243,37713],{"class":68},[50,39245,83],{"class":64},[20,39247,39248,39249,425],{},"If you want another common filtering style, see ",[421,39250,39252],{"href":39251},"\u002Flearn\u002Flist-comprehensions-in-python-explained\u002F","list comprehensions in Python explained",[36,39254,1743],{"id":1742},[20,39256,14806,39257,425],{},[15,39258,37645],{},[222,39260,8532,39262,39264],{"id":39261},"expecting-filter-to-return-a-list",[15,39263,37645],{}," to return a list",[20,39266,39267],{},"This is the most common mistake.",[41,39269,39271],{"className":43,"code":39270,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,39272,39273,39315],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,39274,39275,39277,39279,39281,39283,39285,39287,39289,39291,39293,39295,39297,39299,39301,39303,39305,39307,39309,39311,39313],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,39276,89],{"class":56},[50,39278,61],{"class":60},[50,39280,37724],{"class":94},[50,39282,98],{"class":64},[50,39284,37729],{"class":600},[50,39286,37733],{"class":37732},[50,39288,819],{"class":64},[50,39290,3961],{"class":101},[50,39292,4330],{"class":60},[50,39294,80],{"class":68},[50,39296,72],{"class":64},[50,39298,65],{"class":64},[50,39300,366],{"class":68},[50,39302,72],{"class":64},[50,39304,80],{"class":68},[50,39306,72],{"class":64},[50,39308,500],{"class":68},[50,39310,72],{"class":64},[50,39312,2554],{"class":68},[50,39314,3970],{"class":64},[50,39316,39317,39319,39321,39323],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,39318,118],{"class":94},[50,39320,98],{"class":64},[50,39322,123],{"class":101},[50,39324,105],{"class":64},[20,39326,39327],{},"This prints a filter object, not the values.",[20,39329,39330],{},"Fix:",[41,39332,39334],{"className":43,"code":39333,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,39335,39336,39378],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,39337,39338,39340,39342,39344,39346,39348,39350,39352,39354,39356,39358,39360,39362,39364,39366,39368,39370,39372,39374,39376],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,39339,89],{"class":56},[50,39341,61],{"class":60},[50,39343,37724],{"class":94},[50,39345,98],{"class":64},[50,39347,37729],{"class":600},[50,39349,37733],{"class":37732},[50,39351,819],{"class":64},[50,39353,3961],{"class":101},[50,39355,4330],{"class":60},[50,39357,80],{"class":68},[50,39359,72],{"class":64},[50,39361,65],{"class":64},[50,39363,366],{"class":68},[50,39365,72],{"class":64},[50,39367,80],{"class":68},[50,39369,72],{"class":64},[50,39371,500],{"class":68},[50,39373,72],{"class":64},[50,39375,2554],{"class":68},[50,39377,3970],{"class":64},[50,39379,39380,39382,39384,39386,39388,39390],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,39381,118],{"class":94},[50,39383,98],{"class":64},[50,39385,437],{"class":557},[50,39387,98],{"class":64},[50,39389,123],{"class":101},[50,39391,478],{"class":64},[222,39393,39395,39396,2976,39398,39400],{"id":39394},"using-a-test-function-that-does-not-return-true-or-false-clearly","Using a test function that does not return ",[15,39397,247],{},[15,39399,218],{}," clearly",[20,39402,39403],{},"Your function should make it obvious whether an item should stay.",[20,39405,39406],{},"Good example:",[41,39408,39410],{"className":43,"code":39409,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"def is_positive(number):\n    return number > 0\n",[15,39411,39412,39425],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,39413,39414,39416,39419,39421,39423],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,39415,34921],{"class":600},[50,39417,39418],{"class":34924}," is_positive",[50,39420,98],{"class":64},[50,39422,2338],{"class":37732},[50,39424,8421],{"class":64},[50,39426,39427,39429,39431,39433],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,39428,34932],{"class":3957},[50,39430,6463],{"class":56},[50,39432,4330],{"class":60},[50,39434,38581],{"class":68},[20,39436,39437],{},"Then use it with:",[41,39439,39441],{"className":43,"code":39440,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [-2, -1, 0, 1, 2]\nprint(list(filter(is_positive, numbers)))\n",[15,39442,39443,39475],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,39444,39445,39447,39449,39451,39453,39455,39457,39459,39461,39463,39465,39467,39469,39471,39473],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,39446,57],{"class":56},[50,39448,61],{"class":60},[50,39450,65],{"class":64},[50,39452,2124],{"class":60},[50,39454,1564],{"class":68},[50,39456,72],{"class":64},[50,39458,2321],{"class":60},[50,39460,366],{"class":68},[50,39462,72],{"class":64},[50,39464,3914],{"class":68},[50,39466,72],{"class":64},[50,39468,75],{"class":68},[50,39470,72],{"class":64},[50,39472,80],{"class":68},[50,39474,83],{"class":64},[50,39476,39477,39479,39481,39483,39485,39487,39489,39492,39494,39496],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,39478,118],{"class":94},[50,39480,98],{"class":64},[50,39482,437],{"class":557},[50,39484,98],{"class":64},[50,39486,37671],{"class":94},[50,39488,98],{"class":64},[50,39490,39491],{"class":101},"is_positive",[50,39493,72],{"class":64},[50,39495,4341],{"class":101},[50,39497,569],{"class":64},[20,39499,353],{},[41,39501,39503],{"className":43,"code":39502,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[1, 2]\n",[15,39504,39505],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,39506,39507,39509,39511,39513,39515],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,39508,363],{"class":64},[50,39510,366],{"class":68},[50,39512,72],{"class":64},[50,39514,80],{"class":68},[50,39516,83],{"class":64},[222,39518,39520],{"id":39519},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-filter-object-after-it-has-been-consumed","Trying to reuse the same filter object after it has been consumed",[20,39522,39523],{},"A filter object is not stored like a list.",[41,39525,39526],{"className":43,"code":38267,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,39527,39528,39570,39574,39588],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,39529,39530,39532,39534,39536,39538,39540,39542,39544,39546,39548,39550,39552,39554,39556,39558,39560,39562,39564,39566,39568],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,39531,89],{"class":56},[50,39533,61],{"class":60},[50,39535,37724],{"class":94},[50,39537,98],{"class":64},[50,39539,37729],{"class":600},[50,39541,37733],{"class":37732},[50,39543,819],{"class":64},[50,39545,3961],{"class":101},[50,39547,4330],{"class":60},[50,39549,80],{"class":68},[50,39551,72],{"class":64},[50,39553,65],{"class":64},[50,39555,366],{"class":68},[50,39557,72],{"class":64},[50,39559,80],{"class":68},[50,39561,72],{"class":64},[50,39563,500],{"class":68},[50,39565,72],{"class":64},[50,39567,2554],{"class":68},[50,39569,3970],{"class":64},[50,39571,39572],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,39573,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,39575,39576,39578,39580,39582,39584,39586],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,39577,118],{"class":94},[50,39579,98],{"class":64},[50,39581,437],{"class":557},[50,39583,98],{"class":64},[50,39585,123],{"class":101},[50,39587,478],{"class":64},[50,39589,39590,39592,39594,39596,39598,39600],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,39591,118],{"class":94},[50,39593,98],{"class":64},[50,39595,437],{"class":557},[50,39597,98],{"class":64},[50,39599,123],{"class":101},[50,39601,478],{"class":64},[20,39603,353],{},[41,39605,39606],{"className":43,"code":38348,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,39607,39608,39620],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,39609,39610,39612,39614,39616,39618],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,39611,363],{"class":64},[50,39613,69],{"class":68},[50,39615,72],{"class":64},[50,39617,2554],{"class":68},[50,39619,83],{"class":64},[50,39621,39622],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,39623,38367],{"class":64},[20,39625,39626],{},"If you need to use the values again, convert once and save them:",[41,39628,39630],{"className":43,"code":39629,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"result = list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4]))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,39631,39632,39678,39682,39692],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,39633,39634,39636,39638,39640,39642,39644,39646,39648,39650,39652,39654,39656,39658,39660,39662,39664,39666,39668,39670,39672,39674,39676],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,39635,89],{"class":56},[50,39637,61],{"class":60},[50,39639,22629],{"class":557},[50,39641,98],{"class":64},[50,39643,37671],{"class":94},[50,39645,98],{"class":64},[50,39647,37729],{"class":600},[50,39649,37733],{"class":37732},[50,39651,819],{"class":64},[50,39653,3961],{"class":101},[50,39655,4330],{"class":60},[50,39657,80],{"class":68},[50,39659,72],{"class":64},[50,39661,65],{"class":64},[50,39663,366],{"class":68},[50,39665,72],{"class":64},[50,39667,80],{"class":68},[50,39669,72],{"class":64},[50,39671,500],{"class":68},[50,39673,72],{"class":64},[50,39675,2554],{"class":68},[50,39677,1805],{"class":64},[50,39679,39680],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,39681,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,39683,39684,39686,39688,39690],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,39685,118],{"class":94},[50,39687,98],{"class":64},[50,39689,123],{"class":101},[50,39691,105],{"class":64},[50,39693,39694,39696,39698,39700],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,39695,118],{"class":94},[50,39697,98],{"class":64},[50,39699,123],{"class":101},[50,39701,105],{"class":64},[222,39703,39705],{"id":39704},"passing-a-non-iterable-as-the-second-argument","Passing a non-iterable as the second argument",[20,39707,39708],{},"The second argument must be something you can loop over.",[20,39710,16715],{},[41,39712,39714],{"className":43,"code":39713,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"# filter(lambda x: x > 2, 10)\n",[15,39715,39716],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,39717,39718],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,39719,39713],{"class":129},[20,39721,39722,39723,6629],{},"This causes an error because ",[15,39724,1618],{},[20,39726,16727],{},[41,39728,39730],{"className":43,"code":39729,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])))\n",[15,39731,39732],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,39733,39734,39736,39738,39740,39742,39744,39746,39748,39750,39752,39754,39756,39758,39760,39762,39764,39766,39768,39770,39772,39774,39776],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,39735,118],{"class":94},[50,39737,98],{"class":64},[50,39739,437],{"class":557},[50,39741,98],{"class":64},[50,39743,37671],{"class":94},[50,39745,98],{"class":64},[50,39747,37729],{"class":600},[50,39749,37733],{"class":37732},[50,39751,819],{"class":64},[50,39753,3961],{"class":101},[50,39755,4330],{"class":60},[50,39757,80],{"class":68},[50,39759,72],{"class":64},[50,39761,65],{"class":64},[50,39763,366],{"class":68},[50,39765,72],{"class":64},[50,39767,80],{"class":68},[50,39769,72],{"class":64},[50,39771,500],{"class":68},[50,39773,72],{"class":64},[50,39775,2554],{"class":68},[50,39777,37334],{"class":64},[222,39779,37273,39781,8784,39783],{"id":39780},"confusing-filter-with-map",[15,39782,37645],{},[15,39784,39785],{},"map()",[158,39787,39788,39793],{},[161,39789,39790,39792],{},[15,39791,37645],{}," keeps or removes items",[161,39794,39795,39797],{},[15,39796,39785],{}," changes each item into a new value",[20,39799,39800,39801,819],{},"Example of ",[15,39802,37645],{},[41,39804,39806],{"className":43,"code":39805,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, numbers)))\n",[15,39807,39808,39832],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,39809,39810,39812,39814,39816,39818,39820,39822,39824,39826,39828,39830],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,39811,57],{"class":56},[50,39813,61],{"class":60},[50,39815,65],{"class":64},[50,39817,366],{"class":68},[50,39819,72],{"class":64},[50,39821,80],{"class":68},[50,39823,72],{"class":64},[50,39825,500],{"class":68},[50,39827,72],{"class":64},[50,39829,2554],{"class":68},[50,39831,83],{"class":64},[50,39833,39834,39836,39838,39840,39842,39844,39846,39848,39850,39852,39854,39856,39858,39860,39862],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,39835,118],{"class":94},[50,39837,98],{"class":64},[50,39839,437],{"class":557},[50,39841,98],{"class":64},[50,39843,37671],{"class":94},[50,39845,98],{"class":64},[50,39847,37729],{"class":600},[50,39849,37733],{"class":37732},[50,39851,819],{"class":64},[50,39853,3961],{"class":101},[50,39855,4330],{"class":60},[50,39857,80],{"class":68},[50,39859,72],{"class":64},[50,39861,4341],{"class":101},[50,39863,569],{"class":64},[20,39865,353],{},[41,39867,39869],{"className":43,"code":39868,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[3, 4]\n",[15,39870,39871],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,39872,39873,39875,39877,39879,39881],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,39874,363],{"class":64},[50,39876,69],{"class":68},[50,39878,72],{"class":64},[50,39880,2554],{"class":68},[50,39882,83],{"class":64},[20,39884,39800,39885,819],{},[15,39886,39785],{},[41,39888,39890],{"className":43,"code":39889,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(map(lambda x: x * 2, numbers)))\n",[15,39891,39892,39916],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,39893,39894,39896,39898,39900,39902,39904,39906,39908,39910,39912,39914],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,39895,57],{"class":56},[50,39897,61],{"class":60},[50,39899,65],{"class":64},[50,39901,366],{"class":68},[50,39903,72],{"class":64},[50,39905,80],{"class":68},[50,39907,72],{"class":64},[50,39909,500],{"class":68},[50,39911,72],{"class":64},[50,39913,2554],{"class":68},[50,39915,83],{"class":64},[50,39917,39918,39920,39922,39924,39926,39929,39931,39933,39935,39937,39939,39942,39944,39946,39948],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,39919,118],{"class":94},[50,39921,98],{"class":64},[50,39923,437],{"class":557},[50,39925,98],{"class":64},[50,39927,39928],{"class":94},"map",[50,39930,98],{"class":64},[50,39932,37729],{"class":600},[50,39934,37733],{"class":37732},[50,39936,819],{"class":64},[50,39938,3961],{"class":101},[50,39940,39941],{"class":60},"*",[50,39943,80],{"class":68},[50,39945,72],{"class":64},[50,39947,4341],{"class":101},[50,39949,569],{"class":64},[20,39951,353],{},[41,39953,39955],{"className":43,"code":39954,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[2, 4, 6, 8]\n",[15,39956,39957],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,39958,39959,39961,39963,39965,39967,39969,39971,39973,39975],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,39960,363],{"class":64},[50,39962,1564],{"class":68},[50,39964,72],{"class":64},[50,39966,2554],{"class":68},[50,39968,72],{"class":64},[50,39970,37713],{"class":68},[50,39972,72],{"class":64},[50,39974,299],{"class":68},[50,39976,83],{"class":64},[20,39978,39979,39980,425],{},"For the related function, see ",[421,39981,13,39983,1461],{"href":39982},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained\u002F",[15,39984,39785],{},[36,39986,1913],{"id":1912},[222,39988,1917,39990,39992],{"id":39989},"does-filter-return-a-list-in-python-3",[15,39991,37645],{}," return a list in Python 3?",[20,39994,39995,39996,39998],{},"No. In Python 3, it returns a filter object. Convert it with ",[15,39997,24849],{}," if needed.",[222,40000,40002,40003,40005],{"id":40001},"what-does-the-function-inside-filter-need-to-return","What does the function inside ",[15,40004,37645],{}," need to return?",[20,40007,37952,40008,40010,40011,40013],{},[15,40009,247],{}," to keep an item and ",[15,40012,218],{}," to remove it.",[222,40015,28398,40017,40019],{"id":40016},"can-i-use-filter-without-lambda",[15,40018,37645],{}," without lambda?",[20,40021,40022],{},"Yes. You can pass a regular named function.",[222,40024,1927,40026,40029],{"id":40025},"what-does-filternone-items-do",[15,40027,40028],{},"filter(None, items)"," do?",[20,40031,40032,40033,40035,40036,17144,40038,425],{},"It removes falsy values such as ",[15,40034,2220],{},", empty strings, ",[15,40037,208],{},[15,40039,218],{},[222,40041,21490,40043,40045],{"id":40042},"should-i-use-filter-or-a-list-comprehension",[15,40044,37645],{}," or a list comprehension?",[20,40047,40048,40049,40051],{},"Both work. Many beginners find list comprehensions or ",[15,40050,6035],{}," loops easier to read.",[20,40053,40054],{},"If your goal is simple filtering:",[158,40056,40057,40063,40069],{},[161,40058,40059,40060,40062],{},"use ",[15,40061,37645],{}," when you already have a test function or want a functional style",[161,40064,40065,40066,40068],{},"use a ",[15,40067,6035],{}," loop when you want the clearest step-by-step logic",[161,40070,40071],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a short and readable result list",[20,40073,40074,40075,425],{},"For a task-based example, see ",[421,40076,5212],{"href":40077},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python\u002F",[36,40079,1975],{"id":1974},[158,40081,40082,40087,40091,40096,40102],{},[161,40083,40084],{},[421,40085,40086],{"href":38522},"Lambda functions in Python explained",[161,40088,40089],{},[421,40090,5300],{"href":40077},[161,40092,40093],{},[421,40094,40095],{"href":39251},"List comprehensions in Python explained",[161,40097,40098],{},[421,40099,13,40100,1461],{"href":39982},[15,40101,39785],{},[161,40103,40104],{},[421,40105,5295],{"href":5664},[2018,40107,40108],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":40110},[40111,40112,40114,40118,40121,40123,40125,40127,40129,40139,40151],{"id":2104,"depth":86,"text":2105},{"id":37779,"depth":86,"text":40113},"What filter() does",{"id":37913,"depth":86,"text":37914,"children":40115},[40116,40117],{"id":37930,"depth":108,"text":37930},{"id":196,"depth":108,"text":196},{"id":38089,"depth":86,"text":38090,"children":40119},[40120],{"id":38260,"depth":108,"text":38261},{"id":38373,"depth":86,"text":40122},"Using filter() with lambda",{"id":38526,"depth":86,"text":40124},"Using filter() with a named function",{"id":38688,"depth":86,"text":40126},"Using None with filter()",{"id":38868,"depth":86,"text":40128},"When to use filter()",{"id":1742,"depth":86,"text":1743,"children":40130},[40131,40133,40135,40136,40137],{"id":39261,"depth":108,"text":40132},"Expecting filter() to return a list",{"id":39394,"depth":108,"text":40134},"Using a test function that does not return True or False clearly",{"id":39519,"depth":108,"text":39520},{"id":39704,"depth":108,"text":39705},{"id":39780,"depth":108,"text":40138},"Confusing filter() with map()",{"id":1912,"depth":86,"text":1913,"children":40140},[40141,40143,40145,40147,40149],{"id":39989,"depth":108,"text":40142},"Does filter() return a list in Python 3?",{"id":40001,"depth":108,"text":40144},"What does the function inside filter() need to return?",{"id":40016,"depth":108,"text":40146},"Can I use filter() without lambda?",{"id":40025,"depth":108,"text":40148},"What does filter(None, items) do?",{"id":40042,"depth":108,"text":40150},"Should I use filter() or a list comprehension?",{"id":1974,"depth":86,"text":1975},"Master python filter function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained",{"title":37637,"description":40152},"reference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained","J9FdKm1wa-c3gDwJ_QQuBfzCHZa4aHKoE2spSvz7L8I",{"id":40159,"title":40160,"body":40161,"description":42314,"extension":2064,"meta":42315,"navigation":111,"path":42316,"seo":42317,"stem":42318,"__hash__":42319},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained.md","Python float() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":40162,"toc":42268},[40163,40166,40171,40177,40179,40231,40233,40252,40257,40261,40266,40269,40284,40287,40309,40311,40360,40362,40386,40388,40390,40405,40410,40418,40433,40435,40444,40447,40482,40486,40491,40495,40502,40537,40539,40555,40559,40562,40603,40605,40619,40623,40626,40650,40652,40661,40665,40668,40701,40703,40716,40720,40726,40745,40747,40755,40759,40764,40768,40774,40797,40799,40828,40831,40850,40854,40857,40884,40886,40920,40924,40927,40951,40955,40966,40968,40973,40979,40981,41065,41067,41109,41112,41116,41123,41132,41188,41195,41204,41209,41213,41284,41286,41295,41299,41302,41346,41348,41357,41361,41367,41417,41421,41426,41430,41454,41456,41465,41469,41493,41495,41506,41510,41534,41536,41545,41548,41565,41571,41575,41581,41584,41589,41592,41613,41615,41647,41650,41655,41657,41668,41670,41714,41718,41725,41777,41779,41788,41792,41795,41888,41891,41915,41919,41922,42014,42019,42023,42030,42035,42059,42061,42070,42075,42098,42100,42108,42115,42138,42146,42148,42161,42171,42173,42177,42184,42188,42197,42201,42208,42212,42216,42220,42233,42235,42265],[10,40164,40160],{"id":40165},"python-float-function-explained",[20,40167,9203,40168,40170],{},[15,40169,2982],{}," function converts a value into a floating-point number.",[20,40172,40173,40174,40176],{},"This is useful when you need decimal numbers in Python, especially when working with user input, file data, or numeric strings. In this guide, you will learn what ",[15,40175,2982],{}," does, what values it accepts, what errors it can raise, and how to use it safely.",[36,40178,2105],{"id":2104},[41,40180,40182],{"className":43,"code":40181,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(True))\n",[15,40183,40184,40198,40217],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,40185,40186,40188,40190,40192,40194,40196],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,40187,118],{"class":94},[50,40189,98],{"class":64},[50,40191,2291],{"class":557},[50,40193,98],{"class":64},[50,40195,290],{"class":68},[50,40197,478],{"class":64},[50,40199,40200,40202,40204,40206,40208,40210,40213,40215],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,40201,118],{"class":94},[50,40203,98],{"class":64},[50,40205,2291],{"class":557},[50,40207,98],{"class":64},[50,40209,811],{"class":604},[50,40211,40212],{"class":608},"3.14",[50,40214,811],{"class":604},[50,40216,478],{"class":64},[50,40218,40219,40221,40223,40225,40227,40229],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,40220,118],{"class":94},[50,40222,98],{"class":64},[50,40224,2291],{"class":557},[50,40226,98],{"class":64},[50,40228,247],{"class":207},[50,40230,478],{"class":64},[20,40232,353],{},[41,40234,40236],{"className":43,"code":40235,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"5.0\n3.14\n1.0\n",[15,40237,40238,40242,40247],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,40239,40240],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,40241,2577],{"class":68},[50,40243,40244],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,40245,40246],{"class":68},"3.14\n",[50,40248,40249],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,40250,40251],{"class":68},"1.0\n",[20,40253,920,40254,40256],{},[15,40255,2982],{}," to convert compatible values like integers, numeric strings, and booleans into floating-point numbers.",[36,40258,40260],{"id":40259},"what-float-does","What float() does",[20,40262,40263,40265],{},[15,40264,2982],{}," converts a value to a floating-point number.",[20,40267,40268],{},"A floating-point number is a number that can contain a decimal part, such as:",[158,40270,40271,40275,40279],{},[161,40272,40273],{},[15,40274,2589],{},[161,40276,40277],{},[15,40278,40212],{},[161,40280,40281],{},[15,40282,40283],{},"0.5",[20,40285,40286],{},"A few key points:",[158,40288,40289,40296,40299,40302],{},[161,40290,40291,40293,40294],{},[15,40292,2982],{}," returns a value of type ",[15,40295,2291],{},[161,40297,40298],{},"The result is always a floating-point number",[161,40300,40301],{},"It is often used to turn text into a number",[161,40303,40304,40305],{},"It is especially useful with values returned by ",[421,40306,40307],{"href":8298},[15,40308,3055],{},[20,40310,1602],{},[41,40312,40314],{"className":43,"code":40313,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"number = float(\"2.75\")\nprint(number)\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,40315,40316,40336,40346],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,40317,40318,40320,40322,40325,40327,40329,40332,40334],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,40319,2316],{"class":56},[50,40321,61],{"class":60},[50,40323,40324],{"class":557}," float",[50,40326,98],{"class":64},[50,40328,811],{"class":604},[50,40330,40331],{"class":608},"2.75",[50,40333,811],{"class":604},[50,40335,105],{"class":64},[50,40337,40338,40340,40342,40344],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,40339,118],{"class":94},[50,40341,98],{"class":64},[50,40343,2338],{"class":101},[50,40345,105],{"class":64},[50,40347,40348,40350,40352,40354,40356,40358],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,40349,118],{"class":94},[50,40351,98],{"class":64},[50,40353,558],{"class":557},[50,40355,98],{"class":64},[50,40357,2338],{"class":101},[50,40359,478],{"class":64},[20,40361,353],{},[41,40363,40365],{"className":43,"code":40364,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"2.75\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,40366,40367,40372],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,40368,40369],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,40370,40371],{"class":68},"2.75\n",[50,40373,40374,40376,40378,40380,40382,40384],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,40375,597],{"class":60},[50,40377,601],{"class":600},[50,40379,605],{"class":604},[50,40381,2291],{"class":608},[50,40383,611],{"class":604},[50,40385,614],{"class":60},[36,40387,181],{"id":180},[20,40389,7297],{},[41,40391,40393],{"className":43,"code":40392,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"float(value)\n",[15,40394,40395],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,40396,40397,40399,40401,40403],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,40398,2291],{"class":557},[50,40400,98],{"class":64},[50,40402,2570],{"class":101},[50,40404,105],{"class":64},[20,40406,40407,40408,425],{},"In most code, you pass one argument to ",[15,40409,2982],{},[20,40411,40412,40413,40415,40416,819],{},"If you call ",[15,40414,2982],{}," with no argument, Python returns ",[15,40417,3850],{},[41,40419,40421],{"className":43,"code":40420,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(float())\n",[15,40422,40423],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,40424,40425,40427,40429,40431],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,40426,118],{"class":94},[50,40428,98],{"class":64},[50,40430,2291],{"class":557},[50,40432,7273],{"class":64},[20,40434,353],{},[41,40436,40438],{"className":43,"code":40437,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"0.0\n",[15,40439,40440],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,40441,40442],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,40443,40437],{"class":68},[20,40445,40446],{},"You can print the result directly or store it in a variable:",[41,40448,40450],{"className":43,"code":40449,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"price = float(\"19.99\")\nprint(price)\n",[15,40451,40452,40472],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,40453,40454,40457,40459,40461,40463,40465,40468,40470],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,40455,40456],{"class":56},"price ",[50,40458,61],{"class":60},[50,40460,40324],{"class":557},[50,40462,98],{"class":64},[50,40464,811],{"class":604},[50,40466,40467],{"class":608},"19.99",[50,40469,811],{"class":604},[50,40471,105],{"class":64},[50,40473,40474,40476,40478,40480],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,40475,118],{"class":94},[50,40477,98],{"class":64},[50,40479,25218],{"class":101},[50,40481,105],{"class":64},[36,40483,40485],{"id":40484},"values-float-can-convert","Values float() can convert",[20,40487,40488,40490],{},[15,40489,2982],{}," can convert several common value types.",[222,40492,40494],{"id":40493},"integers","Integers",[20,40496,40497,40498,40501],{},"An integer becomes a float with ",[15,40499,40500],{},".0"," added:",[41,40503,40505],{"className":43,"code":40504,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(-2))\n",[15,40506,40507,40521],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,40508,40509,40511,40513,40515,40517,40519],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,40510,118],{"class":94},[50,40512,98],{"class":64},[50,40514,2291],{"class":557},[50,40516,98],{"class":64},[50,40518,290],{"class":68},[50,40520,478],{"class":64},[50,40522,40523,40525,40527,40529,40531,40533,40535],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,40524,118],{"class":94},[50,40526,98],{"class":64},[50,40528,2291],{"class":557},[50,40530,98],{"class":64},[50,40532,2124],{"class":60},[50,40534,1564],{"class":68},[50,40536,478],{"class":64},[20,40538,353],{},[41,40540,40542],{"className":43,"code":40541,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"5.0\n-2.0\n",[15,40543,40544,40548],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,40545,40546],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,40547,2577],{"class":68},[50,40549,40550,40552],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,40551,2124],{"class":60},[50,40553,40554],{"class":68},"2.0\n",[222,40556,40558],{"id":40557},"numeric-strings","Numeric strings",[20,40560,40561],{},"Strings containing valid numbers can be converted:",[41,40563,40565],{"className":43,"code":40564,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(\"10\"))\n",[15,40566,40567,40585],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,40568,40569,40571,40573,40575,40577,40579,40581,40583],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,40570,118],{"class":94},[50,40572,98],{"class":64},[50,40574,2291],{"class":557},[50,40576,98],{"class":64},[50,40578,811],{"class":604},[50,40580,40212],{"class":608},[50,40582,811],{"class":604},[50,40584,478],{"class":64},[50,40586,40587,40589,40591,40593,40595,40597,40599,40601],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,40588,118],{"class":94},[50,40590,98],{"class":64},[50,40592,2291],{"class":557},[50,40594,98],{"class":64},[50,40596,811],{"class":604},[50,40598,1618],{"class":608},[50,40600,811],{"class":604},[50,40602,478],{"class":64},[20,40604,353],{},[41,40606,40608],{"className":43,"code":40607,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"3.14\n10.0\n",[15,40609,40610,40614],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,40611,40612],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,40613,40246],{"class":68},[50,40615,40616],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,40617,40618],{"class":68},"10.0\n",[222,40620,40622],{"id":40621},"strings-with-spaces","Strings with spaces",[20,40624,40625],{},"Extra spaces around the number are usually fine:",[41,40627,40629],{"className":43,"code":40628,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(float(\"  8.5  \"))\n",[15,40630,40631],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,40632,40633,40635,40637,40639,40641,40643,40646,40648],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,40634,118],{"class":94},[50,40636,98],{"class":64},[50,40638,2291],{"class":557},[50,40640,98],{"class":64},[50,40642,811],{"class":604},[50,40644,40645],{"class":608},"  8.5  ",[50,40647,811],{"class":604},[50,40649,478],{"class":64},[20,40651,353],{},[41,40653,40655],{"className":43,"code":40654,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"8.5\n",[15,40656,40657],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,40658,40659],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,40660,40654],{"class":68},[222,40662,40664],{"id":40663},"booleans","Booleans",[20,40666,40667],{},"Boolean values also work:",[41,40669,40671],{"className":43,"code":40670,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(float(True))\nprint(float(False))\n",[15,40672,40673,40687],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,40674,40675,40677,40679,40681,40683,40685],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,40676,118],{"class":94},[50,40678,98],{"class":64},[50,40680,2291],{"class":557},[50,40682,98],{"class":64},[50,40684,247],{"class":207},[50,40686,478],{"class":64},[50,40688,40689,40691,40693,40695,40697,40699],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,40690,118],{"class":94},[50,40692,98],{"class":64},[50,40694,2291],{"class":557},[50,40696,98],{"class":64},[50,40698,218],{"class":207},[50,40700,478],{"class":64},[20,40702,353],{},[41,40704,40706],{"className":43,"code":40705,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"1.0\n0.0\n",[15,40707,40708,40712],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,40709,40710],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,40711,40251],{"class":68},[50,40713,40714],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,40715,40437],{"class":68},[222,40717,40719],{"id":40718},"existing-floats","Existing floats",[20,40721,40722,40723,40725],{},"If the value is already a float, ",[15,40724,2982],{}," returns a float version of it:",[41,40727,40729],{"className":43,"code":40728,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(float(4.2))\n",[15,40730,40731],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,40732,40733,40735,40737,40739,40741,40743],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,40734,118],{"class":94},[50,40736,98],{"class":64},[50,40738,2291],{"class":557},[50,40740,98],{"class":64},[50,40742,2459],{"class":68},[50,40744,478],{"class":64},[20,40746,353],{},[41,40748,40749],{"className":43,"code":2483,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,40750,40751],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,40752,40753],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,40754,2483],{"class":68},[36,40756,40758],{"id":40757},"values-that-cause-errors","Values that cause errors",[20,40760,40761,40762,425],{},"Some values cannot be converted by ",[15,40763,2982],{},[222,40765,40767],{"id":40766},"non-numeric-text","Non-numeric text",[20,40769,40770,40771,819],{},"If the string does not contain a valid number, Python raises a ",[15,40772,40773],{},"ValueError",[41,40775,40777],{"className":43,"code":40776,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(float(\"hello\"))\n",[15,40778,40779],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,40780,40781,40783,40785,40787,40789,40791,40793,40795],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,40782,118],{"class":94},[50,40784,98],{"class":64},[50,40786,2291],{"class":557},[50,40788,98],{"class":64},[50,40790,811],{"class":604},[50,40792,3926],{"class":608},[50,40794,811],{"class":604},[50,40796,478],{"class":64},[20,40798,29749],{},[41,40800,40802],{"className":43,"code":40801,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"ValueError: could not convert string to float: 'hello'\n",[15,40803,40804],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,40805,40806,40808,40810,40813,40815,40818,40820,40822,40824,40826],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,40807,40773],{"class":557},[50,40809,819],{"class":64},[50,40811,40812],{"class":56}," could ",[50,40814,4709],{"class":60},[50,40816,40817],{"class":56}," convert string to ",[50,40819,2291],{"class":557},[50,40821,819],{"class":64},[50,40823,605],{"class":604},[50,40825,3926],{"class":608},[50,40827,29768],{"class":604},[20,40829,40830],{},"This also happens with an empty string:",[41,40832,40834],{"className":43,"code":40833,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(float(\"\"))\n",[15,40835,40836],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,40837,40838,40840,40842,40844,40846,40848],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,40839,118],{"class":94},[50,40841,98],{"class":64},[50,40843,2291],{"class":557},[50,40845,98],{"class":64},[50,40847,6350],{"class":604},[50,40849,478],{"class":64},[222,40851,40853],{"id":40852},"unsupported-types","Unsupported types",[20,40855,40856],{},"Some types are not accepted directly, such as lists and dictionaries:",[41,40858,40860],{"className":43,"code":40859,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(float([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,40861,40862],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,40863,40864,40866,40868,40870,40872,40874,40876,40878,40880,40882],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,40865,118],{"class":94},[50,40867,98],{"class":64},[50,40869,2291],{"class":557},[50,40871,1792],{"class":64},[50,40873,366],{"class":68},[50,40875,72],{"class":64},[50,40877,80],{"class":68},[50,40879,72],{"class":64},[50,40881,500],{"class":68},[50,40883,1805],{"class":64},[20,40885,29749],{},[41,40887,40889],{"className":43,"code":40888,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"TypeError: float() argument must be a string or a real number, not 'list'\n",[15,40890,40891],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,40892,40893,40895,40897,40899,40901,40904,40907,40910,40912,40914,40916,40918],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,40894,1542],{"class":557},[50,40896,819],{"class":64},[50,40898,40324],{"class":557},[50,40900,7445],{"class":64},[50,40902,40903],{"class":56}," argument must be a string ",[50,40905,40906],{"class":60},"or",[50,40908,40909],{"class":56}," a real number",[50,40911,72],{"class":64},[50,40913,8178],{"class":60},[50,40915,605],{"class":604},[50,40917,437],{"class":608},[50,40919,29768],{"class":604},[222,40921,40923],{"id":40922},"strings-with-commas","Strings with commas",[20,40925,40926],{},"In normal Python code, a comma is not treated as a decimal point:",[41,40928,40930],{"className":43,"code":40929,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(float(\"3,14\"))\n",[15,40931,40932],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,40933,40934,40936,40938,40940,40942,40944,40947,40949],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,40935,118],{"class":94},[50,40937,98],{"class":64},[50,40939,2291],{"class":557},[50,40941,98],{"class":64},[50,40943,811],{"class":604},[50,40945,40946],{"class":608},"3,14",[50,40948,811],{"class":604},[50,40950,478],{"class":64},[20,40952,3097,40953,425],{},[15,40954,40773],{},[20,40956,40957,40958,4472,40962,425],{},"If you are fixing this specific problem, see ",[421,40959,40961],{"href":40960},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-float-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to float in Python",[421,40963,40965],{"href":40964},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-could-not-convert-string-to-float-fix\u002F","ValueError: could not convert string to float",[36,40967,17488],{"id":17487},[20,40969,40970,40972],{},[15,40971,2982],{}," returns a new float value.",[20,40974,40975,40976,40978],{},"It does ",[3824,40977,4709],{}," change the original value in place.",[20,40980,1602],{},[41,40982,40984],{"className":43,"code":40983,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"6.5\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,40985,40986,40999,41013,41017,41027,41037,41051],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,40987,40988,40990,40992,40994,40997],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,40989,695],{"class":56},[50,40991,61],{"class":60},[50,40993,700],{"class":604},[50,40995,40996],{"class":608},"6.5",[50,40998,705],{"class":604},[50,41000,41001,41003,41005,41007,41009,41011],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,41002,2316],{"class":56},[50,41004,61],{"class":60},[50,41006,40324],{"class":557},[50,41008,98],{"class":64},[50,41010,718],{"class":101},[50,41012,105],{"class":64},[50,41014,41015],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,41016,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,41018,41019,41021,41023,41025],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,41020,118],{"class":94},[50,41022,98],{"class":64},[50,41024,718],{"class":101},[50,41026,105],{"class":64},[50,41028,41029,41031,41033,41035],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,41030,118],{"class":94},[50,41032,98],{"class":64},[50,41034,2338],{"class":101},[50,41036,105],{"class":64},[50,41038,41039,41041,41043,41045,41047,41049],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,41040,118],{"class":94},[50,41042,98],{"class":64},[50,41044,558],{"class":557},[50,41046,98],{"class":64},[50,41048,718],{"class":101},[50,41050,478],{"class":64},[50,41052,41053,41055,41057,41059,41061,41063],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,41054,118],{"class":94},[50,41056,98],{"class":64},[50,41058,558],{"class":557},[50,41060,98],{"class":64},[50,41062,2338],{"class":101},[50,41064,478],{"class":64},[20,41066,353],{},[41,41068,41070],{"className":43,"code":41069,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"6.5\n6.5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,41071,41072,41077,41081,41095],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,41073,41074],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,41075,41076],{"class":68},"6.5\n",[50,41078,41079],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,41080,41076],{"class":68},[50,41082,41083,41085,41087,41089,41091,41093],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,41084,597],{"class":60},[50,41086,601],{"class":600},[50,41088,605],{"class":604},[50,41090,1395],{"class":608},[50,41092,611],{"class":604},[50,41094,614],{"class":60},[50,41096,41097,41099,41101,41103,41105,41107],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,41098,597],{"class":60},[50,41100,601],{"class":600},[50,41102,605],{"class":604},[50,41104,2291],{"class":608},[50,41106,611],{"class":604},[50,41108,614],{"class":60},[20,41110,41111],{},"In real programs, you usually assign the result to a variable so you can use it later.",[36,41113,41115],{"id":41114},"common-beginner-use-cases","Common beginner use cases",[222,41117,41119,41120,41122],{"id":41118},"convert-input-text-into-a-decimal-number","Convert ",[15,41121,3055],{}," text into a decimal number",[20,41124,1185,41125,41129,41130,425],{},[421,41126,41127,1596],{"href":8298},[15,41128,3055],{}," always returns a string. If you want to do math, you often need ",[15,41131,2982],{},[41,41133,41135],{"className":43,"code":41134,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"user_value = input(\"Enter a price: \")\nprice = float(user_value)\n\nprint(price * 2)\n",[15,41136,41137,41156,41170,41174],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,41138,41139,41141,41143,41145,41147,41149,41152,41154],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,41140,8316],{"class":56},[50,41142,61],{"class":60},[50,41144,8321],{"class":94},[50,41146,98],{"class":64},[50,41148,811],{"class":604},[50,41150,41151],{"class":608},"Enter a price: ",[50,41153,811],{"class":604},[50,41155,105],{"class":64},[50,41157,41158,41160,41162,41164,41166,41168],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,41159,40456],{"class":56},[50,41161,61],{"class":60},[50,41163,40324],{"class":557},[50,41165,98],{"class":64},[50,41167,8345],{"class":101},[50,41169,105],{"class":64},[50,41171,41172],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,41173,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,41175,41176,41178,41180,41182,41184,41186],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,41177,118],{"class":94},[50,41179,98],{"class":64},[50,41181,40456],{"class":101},[50,41183,39941],{"class":60},[50,41185,80],{"class":68},[50,41187,105],{"class":64},[20,41189,41190,41191,41194],{},"If the user enters ",[15,41192,41193],{},"4.5",", the output will be:",[41,41196,41198],{"className":43,"code":41197,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"9.0\n",[15,41199,41200],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,41201,41202],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,41203,41197],{"class":68},[20,41205,41206,41207,425],{},"For more help with this, see ",[421,41208,9061],{"href":9060},[222,41210,41212],{"id":41211},"prepare-values-for-math","Prepare values for math",[41,41214,41216],{"className":43,"code":41215,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = \"2.5\"\nb = \"1.5\"\n\ntotal = float(a) + float(b)\nprint(total)\n",[15,41217,41218,41231,41244,41248,41273],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,41219,41220,41222,41224,41226,41229],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,41221,2652],{"class":56},[50,41223,61],{"class":60},[50,41225,700],{"class":604},[50,41227,41228],{"class":608},"2.5",[50,41230,705],{"class":604},[50,41232,41233,41235,41237,41239,41242],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,41234,2680],{"class":56},[50,41236,61],{"class":60},[50,41238,700],{"class":604},[50,41240,41241],{"class":608},"1.5",[50,41243,705],{"class":604},[50,41245,41246],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,41247,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,41249,41250,41253,41255,41257,41259,41261,41263,41265,41267,41269,41271],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,41251,41252],{"class":56},"total ",[50,41254,61],{"class":60},[50,41256,40324],{"class":557},[50,41258,98],{"class":64},[50,41260,421],{"class":101},[50,41262,126],{"class":64},[50,41264,2551],{"class":60},[50,41266,40324],{"class":557},[50,41268,98],{"class":64},[50,41270,4839],{"class":101},[50,41272,105],{"class":64},[50,41274,41275,41277,41279,41282],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,41276,118],{"class":94},[50,41278,98],{"class":64},[50,41280,41281],{"class":101},"total",[50,41283,105],{"class":64},[20,41285,353],{},[41,41287,41289],{"className":43,"code":41288,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"4.0\n",[15,41290,41291],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,41292,41293],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,41294,41288],{"class":68},[222,41296,41298],{"id":41297},"convert-whole-numbers-to-floats","Convert whole numbers to floats",[20,41300,41301],{},"Sometimes a function or calculation expects float values:",[41,41303,41305],{"className":43,"code":41304,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"count = 7\nresult = float(count)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,41306,41307,41317,41332,41336],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,41308,41309,41312,41314],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,41310,41311],{"class":56},"count ",[50,41313,61],{"class":60},[50,41315,41316],{"class":68}," 7\n",[50,41318,41319,41321,41323,41325,41327,41330],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,41320,89],{"class":56},[50,41322,61],{"class":60},[50,41324,40324],{"class":557},[50,41326,98],{"class":64},[50,41328,41329],{"class":101},"count",[50,41331,105],{"class":64},[50,41333,41334],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,41335,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,41337,41338,41340,41342,41344],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,41339,118],{"class":94},[50,41341,98],{"class":64},[50,41343,123],{"class":101},[50,41345,105],{"class":64},[20,41347,353],{},[41,41349,41351],{"className":43,"code":41350,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"7.0\n",[15,41352,41353],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,41354,41355],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,41356,41350],{"class":68},[222,41358,41360],{"id":41359},"convert-numbers-read-from-files-or-apis","Convert numbers read from files or APIs",[20,41362,41363,41364,41366],{},"Data often arrives as strings. ",[15,41365,2982],{}," helps turn that text into usable numbers.",[41,41368,41370],{"className":43,"code":41369,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"temperature_text = \"21.8\"\ntemperature = float(temperature_text)\n\nprint(temperature)\n",[15,41371,41372,41386,41402,41406],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,41373,41374,41377,41379,41381,41384],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,41375,41376],{"class":56},"temperature_text ",[50,41378,61],{"class":60},[50,41380,700],{"class":604},[50,41382,41383],{"class":608},"21.8",[50,41385,705],{"class":604},[50,41387,41388,41391,41393,41395,41397,41400],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,41389,41390],{"class":56},"temperature ",[50,41392,61],{"class":60},[50,41394,40324],{"class":557},[50,41396,98],{"class":64},[50,41398,41399],{"class":101},"temperature_text",[50,41401,105],{"class":64},[50,41403,41404],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,41405,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,41407,41408,41410,41412,41415],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,41409,118],{"class":94},[50,41411,98],{"class":64},[50,41413,41414],{"class":101},"temperature",[50,41416,105],{"class":64},[36,41418,41420],{"id":41419},"special-values","Special values",[20,41422,41423,41425],{},[15,41424,2982],{}," can also create some special floating-point values.",[222,41427,41429],{"id":41428},"positive-infinity","Positive infinity",[41,41431,41433],{"className":43,"code":41432,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(float(\"inf\"))\n",[15,41434,41435],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,41436,41437,41439,41441,41443,41445,41447,41450,41452],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,41438,118],{"class":94},[50,41440,98],{"class":64},[50,41442,2291],{"class":557},[50,41444,98],{"class":64},[50,41446,811],{"class":604},[50,41448,41449],{"class":608},"inf",[50,41451,811],{"class":604},[50,41453,478],{"class":64},[20,41455,353],{},[41,41457,41459],{"className":43,"code":41458,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"inf\n",[15,41460,41461],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,41462,41463],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,41464,41458],{"class":56},[222,41466,41468],{"id":41467},"negative-infinity","Negative infinity",[41,41470,41472],{"className":43,"code":41471,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(float(\"-inf\"))\n",[15,41473,41474],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,41475,41476,41478,41480,41482,41484,41486,41489,41491],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,41477,118],{"class":94},[50,41479,98],{"class":64},[50,41481,2291],{"class":557},[50,41483,98],{"class":64},[50,41485,811],{"class":604},[50,41487,41488],{"class":608},"-inf",[50,41490,811],{"class":604},[50,41492,478],{"class":64},[20,41494,353],{},[41,41496,41498],{"className":43,"code":41497,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"-inf\n",[15,41499,41500],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,41501,41502,41504],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,41503,2124],{"class":60},[50,41505,41458],{"class":56},[222,41507,41509],{"id":41508},"not-a-number","Not a number",[41,41511,41513],{"className":43,"code":41512,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(float(\"nan\"))\n",[15,41514,41515],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,41516,41517,41519,41521,41523,41525,41527,41530,41532],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,41518,118],{"class":94},[50,41520,98],{"class":64},[50,41522,2291],{"class":557},[50,41524,98],{"class":64},[50,41526,811],{"class":604},[50,41528,41529],{"class":608},"nan",[50,41531,811],{"class":604},[50,41533,478],{"class":64},[20,41535,353],{},[41,41537,41539],{"className":43,"code":41538,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"nan\n",[15,41540,41541],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,41542,41543],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,41544,41538],{"class":56},[20,41546,41547],{},"These values are valid floats, but they can be confusing at first:",[158,41549,41550,41555,41560],{},[161,41551,41552,41554],{},[15,41553,41449],{}," means positive infinity",[161,41556,41557,41559],{},[15,41558,41488],{}," means negative infinity",[161,41561,41562,41564],{},[15,41563,41529],{}," means “not a number”",[20,41566,41567,41568,41570],{},"Beginners usually do not need these right away, but it is helpful to know that ",[15,41569,2982],{}," accepts them.",[36,41572,41574],{"id":41573},"common-errors-and-fixes","Common errors and fixes",[20,41576,41577,41578,41580],{},"The most common problems with ",[15,41579,2982],{}," happen when the value is not in the right format.",[222,41582,40773],{"id":41583},"valueerror",[20,41585,15261,41586,41588],{},[15,41587,40773],{}," happens when the value is the right general type, usually a string, but the string is not a valid number.",[20,41590,41591],{},"Common causes:",[158,41593,41594,41600,41603,41606],{},[161,41595,41596,41597],{},"Passing non-numeric text like ",[15,41598,41599],{},"\"abc\"",[161,41601,41602],{},"Trying to convert an empty string",[161,41604,41605],{},"Using a comma instead of a decimal point",[161,41607,1756,41608],{},[421,41609,41610,41612],{"href":8298},[15,41611,3055],{}," returns a string",[20,41614,1602],{},[41,41616,41618],{"className":43,"code":41617,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = \"abc\"\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,41619,41620,41633],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,41621,41622,41624,41626,41628,41631],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,41623,2544],{"class":56},[50,41625,61],{"class":60},[50,41627,700],{"class":604},[50,41629,41630],{"class":608},"abc",[50,41632,705],{"class":604},[50,41634,41635,41637,41639,41641,41643,41645],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,41636,118],{"class":94},[50,41638,98],{"class":64},[50,41640,2291],{"class":557},[50,41642,98],{"class":64},[50,41644,2570],{"class":101},[50,41646,478],{"class":64},[222,41648,1542],{"id":41649},"typeerror",[20,41651,15261,41652,41654],{},[15,41653,1542],{}," happens when the value type cannot be converted directly.",[20,41656,41591],{},[158,41658,41659,41662,41665],{},[161,41660,41661],{},"Passing a list",[161,41663,41664],{},"Passing a dictionary",[161,41666,41667],{},"Passing another unsupported type",[20,41669,1602],{},[41,41671,41673],{"className":43,"code":41672,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = {\"price\": \"9.99\"}\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,41674,41675,41700],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,41676,41677,41679,41681,41683,41685,41687,41689,41691,41693,41696,41698],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,41678,2544],{"class":56},[50,41680,61],{"class":60},[50,41682,632],{"class":64},[50,41684,811],{"class":604},[50,41686,25218],{"class":608},[50,41688,811],{"class":604},[50,41690,819],{"class":64},[50,41692,700],{"class":604},[50,41694,41695],{"class":608},"9.99",[50,41697,811],{"class":604},[50,41699,645],{"class":64},[50,41701,41702,41704,41706,41708,41710,41712],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,41703,118],{"class":94},[50,41705,98],{"class":64},[50,41707,2291],{"class":557},[50,41709,98],{"class":64},[50,41711,2570],{"class":101},[50,41713,478],{"class":64},[222,41715,41717],{"id":41716},"clean-the-string-first","Clean the string first",[20,41719,41720,41721,41724],{},"If the string may contain extra spaces, ",[15,41722,41723],{},"strip()"," can help:",[41,41726,41728],{"className":43,"code":41727,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = \"  7.25  \"\nclean_value = value.strip()\n\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41729,41730,41743,41758,41762],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,41731,41732,41734,41736,41738,41741],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,41733,2544],{"class":56},[50,41735,61],{"class":60},[50,41737,700],{"class":604},[50,41739,41740],{"class":608},"  7.25  ",[50,41742,705],{"class":604},[50,41744,41745,41748,41750,41752,41754,41756],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,41746,41747],{"class":56},"clean_value ",[50,41749,61],{"class":60},[50,41751,8512],{"class":56},[50,41753,425],{"class":64},[50,41755,8714],{"class":101},[50,41757,8722],{"class":64},[50,41759,41760],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,41761,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,41763,41764,41766,41768,41770,41772,41775],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,41765,118],{"class":94},[50,41767,98],{"class":64},[50,41769,2291],{"class":557},[50,41771,98],{"class":64},[50,41773,41774],{"class":101},"clean_value",[50,41776,478],{"class":64},[20,41778,353],{},[41,41780,41782],{"className":43,"code":41781,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"7.25\n",[15,41783,41784],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,41785,41786],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,41787,41781],{"class":68},[222,41789,41791],{"id":41790},"use-debugging-prints","Use debugging prints",[20,41793,41794],{},"If conversion fails, these checks are useful:",[41,41796,41798],{"className":43,"code":41797,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = \" 3.5 \"\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n\nclean_value = value.strip()\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41799,41800,41813,41817,41827,41841,41856,41860,41874],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,41801,41802,41804,41806,41808,41811],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,41803,2544],{"class":56},[50,41805,61],{"class":60},[50,41807,700],{"class":604},[50,41809,41810],{"class":608}," 3.5 ",[50,41812,705],{"class":604},[50,41814,41815],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,41816,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,41818,41819,41821,41823,41825],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,41820,118],{"class":94},[50,41822,98],{"class":64},[50,41824,2570],{"class":101},[50,41826,105],{"class":64},[50,41828,41829,41831,41833,41835,41837,41839],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,41830,118],{"class":94},[50,41832,98],{"class":64},[50,41834,558],{"class":557},[50,41836,98],{"class":64},[50,41838,2570],{"class":101},[50,41840,478],{"class":64},[50,41842,41843,41845,41847,41850,41852,41854],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,41844,118],{"class":94},[50,41846,98],{"class":64},[50,41848,41849],{"class":94},"repr",[50,41851,98],{"class":64},[50,41853,2570],{"class":101},[50,41855,478],{"class":64},[50,41857,41858],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,41859,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,41861,41862,41864,41866,41868,41870,41872],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,41863,41747],{"class":56},[50,41865,61],{"class":60},[50,41867,8512],{"class":56},[50,41869,425],{"class":64},[50,41871,8714],{"class":101},[50,41873,8722],{"class":64},[50,41875,41876,41878,41880,41882,41884,41886],{"class":52,"line":6503},[50,41877,118],{"class":94},[50,41879,98],{"class":64},[50,41881,2291],{"class":557},[50,41883,98],{"class":64},[50,41885,41774],{"class":101},[50,41887,478],{"class":64},[20,41889,41890],{},"Why this helps:",[158,41892,41893,41899,41904,41910],{},[161,41894,41895,41898],{},[15,41896,41897],{},"print(value)"," shows the visible content",[161,41900,41901,21437],{},[15,41902,41903],{},"print(type(value))",[161,41905,41906,41909],{},[15,41907,41908],{},"print(repr(value))"," reveals hidden spaces or characters",[161,41911,41912,41914],{},[15,41913,41723],{}," removes spaces at the start and end",[222,41916,41918],{"id":41917},"use-try-except-for-unsafe-input","Use try-except for unsafe input",[20,41920,41921],{},"If the value may not be valid, handle the error safely:",[41,41923,41925],{"className":43,"code":41924,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\ntry:\n    number = float(value)\n    print(\"Converted:\", number)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"That is not a valid number.\")\n",[15,41926,41927,41946,41950,41956,41971,41990,41999],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,41928,41929,41931,41933,41935,41937,41939,41942,41944],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,41930,2544],{"class":56},[50,41932,61],{"class":60},[50,41934,8321],{"class":94},[50,41936,98],{"class":64},[50,41938,811],{"class":604},[50,41940,41941],{"class":608},"Enter a number: ",[50,41943,811],{"class":604},[50,41945,105],{"class":64},[50,41947,41948],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,41949,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,41951,41952,41954],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,41953,29872],{"class":3957},[50,41955,6470],{"class":64},[50,41957,41958,41961,41963,41965,41967,41969],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,41959,41960],{"class":56},"    number ",[50,41962,61],{"class":60},[50,41964,40324],{"class":557},[50,41966,98],{"class":64},[50,41968,2570],{"class":101},[50,41970,105],{"class":64},[50,41972,41973,41975,41977,41979,41982,41984,41986,41988],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,41974,8148],{"class":94},[50,41976,98],{"class":64},[50,41978,811],{"class":604},[50,41980,41981],{"class":608},"Converted:",[50,41983,811],{"class":604},[50,41985,72],{"class":64},[50,41987,2296],{"class":101},[50,41989,105],{"class":64},[50,41991,41992,41994,41997],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,41993,29903],{"class":3957},[50,41995,41996],{"class":557}," ValueError",[50,41998,6470],{"class":64},[50,42000,42001,42003,42005,42007,42010,42012],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,42002,8148],{"class":94},[50,42004,98],{"class":64},[50,42006,811],{"class":604},[50,42008,42009],{"class":608},"That is not a valid number.",[50,42011,811],{"class":604},[50,42013,105],{"class":64},[20,42015,42016,42017,425],{},"If you are dealing with this exact error, see ",[421,42018,40965],{"href":40964},[36,42020,42022],{"id":42021},"float-vs-int","float() vs int()",[20,42024,10666,42025,4472,42027,42029],{},[15,42026,2982],{},[15,42028,2975],{}," convert values to numbers, but they do not behave the same way.",[20,42031,42032,42034],{},[15,42033,2982],{}," creates decimal numbers:",[41,42036,42038],{"className":43,"code":42037,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(float(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,42039,42040],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,42041,42042,42044,42046,42048,42050,42052,42055,42057],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,42043,118],{"class":94},[50,42045,98],{"class":64},[50,42047,2291],{"class":557},[50,42049,98],{"class":64},[50,42051,811],{"class":604},[50,42053,42054],{"class":608},"3.9",[50,42056,811],{"class":604},[50,42058,478],{"class":64},[20,42060,353],{},[41,42062,42064],{"className":43,"code":42063,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"3.9\n",[15,42065,42066],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,42067,42068],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,42069,42063],{"class":68},[20,42071,42072,42074],{},[15,42073,2975],{}," creates whole numbers:",[41,42076,42078],{"className":43,"code":42077,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(int(\"10\"))\n",[15,42079,42080],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,42081,42082,42084,42086,42088,42090,42092,42094,42096],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,42083,118],{"class":94},[50,42085,98],{"class":64},[50,42087,2288],{"class":557},[50,42089,98],{"class":64},[50,42091,811],{"class":604},[50,42093,1618],{"class":608},[50,42095,811],{"class":604},[50,42097,478],{"class":64},[20,42099,353],{},[41,42101,42102],{"className":43,"code":2473,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,42103,42104],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,42105,42106],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,42107,2473],{"class":68},[20,42109,42110,42111,42114],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,42112,42113],{},"int(\"3.9\")"," to work:",[41,42116,42118],{"className":43,"code":42117,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(int(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,42119,42120],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,42121,42122,42124,42126,42128,42130,42132,42134,42136],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,42123,118],{"class":94},[50,42125,98],{"class":64},[50,42127,2288],{"class":557},[50,42129,98],{"class":64},[50,42131,811],{"class":604},[50,42133,42054],{"class":608},[50,42135,811],{"class":604},[50,42137,478],{"class":64},[20,42139,3097,42140,8681,42142,42145],{},[15,42141,40773],{},[15,42143,42144],{},"\"3.9\""," is not a valid integer string.",[20,42147,10788],{},[158,42149,42150,42156],{},[161,42151,42152,42155],{},[15,42153,42154],{},"float(\"3.9\")"," works",[161,42157,42158,42160],{},[15,42159,42113],{}," fails",[20,42162,42163,42164,42167,42168,42170],{},"If you want a full comparison, see ",[421,42165,42166],{"href":2972},"Python int() Function Explained",". You may also find ",[421,42169,2517],{"href":2516}," helpful.",[36,42172,1913],{"id":1912},[222,42174,42176],{"id":42175},"what-does-float-return-in-python","What does float() return in Python?",[20,42178,42179,42180,2976,42182,425],{},"It returns a floating-point number, such as ",[15,42181,2589],{},[15,42183,40212],{},[222,42185,42187],{"id":42186},"can-float-convert-a-string","Can float() convert a string?",[20,42189,42190,42191,2976,42194,425],{},"Yes, if the string contains a valid number like ",[15,42192,42193],{},"\"2.5\"",[15,42195,42196],{},"\"10\"",[222,42198,42200],{"id":42199},"why-does-floatabc-fail","Why does float(\"abc\") fail?",[20,42202,29131,42203,42205,42206,425],{},[15,42204,41599],{}," is not a valid numeric string, so Python raises a ",[15,42207,40773],{},[222,42209,42211],{"id":42210},"what-does-float-with-no-argument-return","What does float() with no argument return?",[20,42213,5227,42214,425],{},[15,42215,3850],{},[222,42217,42219],{"id":42218},"can-float-convert-true-and-false","Can float() convert True and False?",[20,42221,42222,42223,42225,42226,4472,42229,42225,42231,425],{},"Yes. ",[15,42224,247],{}," becomes ",[15,42227,42228],{},"1.0",[15,42230,218],{},[15,42232,3850],{},[36,42234,1975],{"id":1974},[158,42236,42237,42241,42247,42252,42256,42260],{},[161,42238,42239],{},[421,42240,42166],{"href":2972},[161,42242,42243],{},[421,42244,42246],{"href":42245},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained\u002F","Python str() Function Explained",[161,42248,42249],{},[421,42250,42251],{"href":40960},"How to convert a string to float in Python",[161,42253,42254],{},[421,42255,9138],{"href":9060},[161,42257,42258],{},[421,42259,40965],{"href":40964},[161,42261,42262],{},[421,42263,42264],{"href":8298},"Python input() Function Explained",[2018,42266,42267],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":42269},[42270,42271,42272,42273,42280,42285,42286,42293,42298,42305,42306,42313],{"id":2104,"depth":86,"text":2105},{"id":40259,"depth":86,"text":40260},{"id":180,"depth":86,"text":181},{"id":40484,"depth":86,"text":40485,"children":42274},[42275,42276,42277,42278,42279],{"id":40493,"depth":108,"text":40494},{"id":40557,"depth":108,"text":40558},{"id":40621,"depth":108,"text":40622},{"id":40663,"depth":108,"text":40664},{"id":40718,"depth":108,"text":40719},{"id":40757,"depth":86,"text":40758,"children":42281},[42282,42283,42284],{"id":40766,"depth":108,"text":40767},{"id":40852,"depth":108,"text":40853},{"id":40922,"depth":108,"text":40923},{"id":17487,"depth":86,"text":17488},{"id":41114,"depth":86,"text":41115,"children":42287},[42288,42290,42291,42292],{"id":41118,"depth":108,"text":42289},"Convert input() text into a decimal number",{"id":41211,"depth":108,"text":41212},{"id":41297,"depth":108,"text":41298},{"id":41359,"depth":108,"text":41360},{"id":41419,"depth":86,"text":41420,"children":42294},[42295,42296,42297],{"id":41428,"depth":108,"text":41429},{"id":41467,"depth":108,"text":41468},{"id":41508,"depth":108,"text":41509},{"id":41573,"depth":86,"text":41574,"children":42299},[42300,42301,42302,42303,42304],{"id":41583,"depth":108,"text":40773},{"id":41649,"depth":108,"text":1542},{"id":41716,"depth":108,"text":41717},{"id":41790,"depth":108,"text":41791},{"id":41917,"depth":108,"text":41918},{"id":42021,"depth":86,"text":42022},{"id":1912,"depth":86,"text":1913,"children":42307},[42308,42309,42310,42311,42312],{"id":42175,"depth":108,"text":42176},{"id":42186,"depth":108,"text":42187},{"id":42199,"depth":108,"text":42200},{"id":42210,"depth":108,"text":42211},{"id":42218,"depth":108,"text":42219},{"id":1974,"depth":86,"text":1975},"Master python float function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained",{"title":40160,"description":42314},"reference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained","QDhcZeHPZNHjvzUBG1y5YosAc2zbXVrHayPblHEmejE",{"id":42321,"title":42322,"body":42323,"description":43542,"extension":2064,"meta":43543,"navigation":111,"path":35094,"seo":43544,"stem":43545,"__hash__":43546},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained.md","Python help() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":42324,"toc":43508},[42325,42328,42333,42336,42338,42377,42391,42395,42400,42403,42420,42423,42431,42446,42449,42451,42454,42470,42473,42476,42496,42500,42511,42514,42518,42522,42536,42571,42575,42586,42621,42624,42626,42634,42667,42683,42685,42695,42716,42727,42729,42734,42737,42751,42753,42772,42775,42788,42791,42795,42799,42813,42816,42834,42837,42852,42856,42861,42875,42881,42883,42940,42942,42975,42978,42994,42998,43005,43009,43014,43017,43028,43032,43037,43052,43061,43066,43085,43088,43100,43102,43107,43117,43120,43149,43154,43163,43167,43172,43175,43179,43184,43186,43216,43219,43226,43231,43236,43240,43243,43251,43254,43332,43335,43357,43359,43363,43366,43370,43376,43439,43443,43451,43455,43458,43460,43485,43505],[10,42326,42322],{"id":42327},"python-help-function-explained",[20,42329,3670,42330,42332],{},[15,42331,35097],{}," function shows built-in documentation inside Python.",[20,42334,42335],{},"It is useful when you want to quickly inspect a function, class, method, or module without leaving the Python shell. For beginners, it is a simple way to check what something does, what arguments it accepts, and how it is meant to be used.",[36,42337,2105],{"id":2104},[41,42339,42341],{"className":43,"code":42340,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"help(len)\nhelp(str)\nhelp('modules')\n",[15,42342,42343,42353,42363],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,42344,42345,42347,42349,42351],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,42346,32222],{"class":94},[50,42348,98],{"class":64},[50,42350,1267],{"class":94},[50,42352,105],{"class":64},[50,42354,42355,42357,42359,42361],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,42356,32222],{"class":94},[50,42358,98],{"class":64},[50,42360,1395],{"class":557},[50,42362,105],{"class":64},[50,42364,42365,42367,42369,42371,42373,42375],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,42366,32222],{"class":94},[50,42368,98],{"class":64},[50,42370,611],{"class":604},[50,42372,34730],{"class":608},[50,42374,611],{"class":604},[50,42376,105],{"class":64},[20,42378,920,42379,42381,42382,2976,42384,42386,42387,42390],{},[15,42380,35097],{}," to view built-in documentation in the Python shell. Pass an object like ",[15,42383,1267],{},[15,42385,1395],{},", or use a string such as ",[15,42388,42389],{},"'modules'"," for special interactive help topics.",[36,42392,42394],{"id":42393},"what-help-does","What help() does",[20,42396,42397,42399],{},[15,42398,35097],{}," displays Python’s built-in documentation.",[20,42401,42402],{},"You can use it to inspect:",[158,42404,42405,42408,42411,42414,42417],{},[161,42406,42407],{},"Functions",[161,42409,42410],{},"Classes",[161,42412,42413],{},"Methods",[161,42415,42416],{},"Modules",[161,42418,42419],{},"Some Python keywords and help topics",[20,42421,42422],{},"It is most useful in the Python shell, IDLE, or another interactive environment.",[20,42424,42425,42426,42430],{},"For example, if you forget how ",[421,42427,42428],{"href":1458},[15,42429,1454],{}," works, you can ask Python directly:",[41,42432,42434],{"className":43,"code":42433,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"help(len)\n",[15,42435,42436],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,42437,42438,42440,42442,42444],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,42439,32222],{"class":94},[50,42441,98],{"class":64},[50,42443,1267],{"class":94},[50,42445,105],{"class":64},[20,42447,42448],{},"This is helpful when you are learning because you can explore Python while you code.",[36,42450,181],{"id":180},[20,42452,42453],{},"The main form is:",[41,42455,42457],{"className":43,"code":42456,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"help(object)\n",[15,42458,42459],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,42460,42461,42463,42465,42468],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,42462,32222],{"class":94},[50,42464,98],{"class":64},[50,42466,42467],{"class":557},"object",[50,42469,105],{"class":64},[20,42471,42472],{},"You pass in the thing you want to learn about.",[20,42474,42475],{},"Common examples include:",[158,42477,42478,42482,42487,42491],{},[161,42479,42480],{},[15,42481,1267],{},[161,42483,42484],{},[15,42485,42486],{},"list.append",[161,42488,42489],{},[15,42490,1395],{},[161,42492,42493],{},[15,42494,42495],{},"open",[20,42497,7254,42498,7257],{},[15,42499,35097],{},[41,42501,42503],{"className":43,"code":42502,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"help()\n",[15,42504,42505],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,42506,42507,42509],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,42508,32222],{"class":94},[50,42510,8722],{"class":64},[20,42512,42513],{},"This opens interactive help mode, where you can type help topics and search for information from inside Python.",[36,42515,42517],{"id":42516},"common-things-you-can-inspect","Common things you can inspect",[222,42519,42521],{"id":42520},"built-in-functions","Built-in functions",[20,42523,42524,42525,31,42527,31,42529,17144,42532,425],{},"You can inspect built-in functions such as ",[15,42526,1267],{},[15,42528,118],{},[15,42530,42531],{},"input",[421,42533,42534],{"href":2397},[15,42535,2400],{},[41,42537,42539],{"className":43,"code":42538,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"help(print)\nhelp(input)\nhelp(type)\n",[15,42540,42541,42551,42561],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,42542,42543,42545,42547,42549],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,42544,32222],{"class":94},[50,42546,98],{"class":64},[50,42548,118],{"class":94},[50,42550,105],{"class":64},[50,42552,42553,42555,42557,42559],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,42554,32222],{"class":94},[50,42556,98],{"class":64},[50,42558,42531],{"class":94},[50,42560,105],{"class":64},[50,42562,42563,42565,42567,42569],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,42564,32222],{"class":94},[50,42566,98],{"class":64},[50,42568,558],{"class":557},[50,42570,105],{"class":64},[222,42572,42574],{"id":42573},"data-types","Data types",[20,42576,42577,42578,31,42580,31,42582,17144,42584,425],{},"You can inspect types such as ",[15,42579,1395],{},[15,42581,437],{},[15,42583,8901],{},[15,42585,617],{},[41,42587,42589],{"className":43,"code":42588,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"help(str)\nhelp(list)\nhelp(dict)\n",[15,42590,42591,42601,42611],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,42592,42593,42595,42597,42599],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,42594,32222],{"class":94},[50,42596,98],{"class":64},[50,42598,1395],{"class":557},[50,42600,105],{"class":64},[50,42602,42603,42605,42607,42609],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,42604,32222],{"class":94},[50,42606,98],{"class":64},[50,42608,437],{"class":557},[50,42610,105],{"class":64},[50,42612,42613,42615,42617,42619],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,42614,32222],{"class":94},[50,42616,98],{"class":64},[50,42618,8901],{"class":557},[50,42620,105],{"class":64},[20,42622,42623],{},"This is useful when you want to see available methods and basic behavior for a type.",[222,42625,42413],{"id":34577},[20,42627,42628,42629,4472,42632,425],{},"You can inspect methods such as ",[15,42630,42631],{},"str.split",[15,42633,42486],{},[41,42635,42637],{"className":43,"code":42636,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"help(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\n",[15,42638,42639,42653],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,42640,42641,42643,42645,42647,42649,42651],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,42642,32222],{"class":94},[50,42644,98],{"class":64},[50,42646,1395],{"class":557},[50,42648,425],{"class":64},[50,42650,34540],{"class":1400},[50,42652,105],{"class":64},[50,42654,42655,42657,42659,42661,42663,42665],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,42656,32222],{"class":94},[50,42658,98],{"class":64},[50,42660,437],{"class":557},[50,42662,425],{"class":64},[50,42664,13626],{"class":1400},[50,42666,105],{"class":64},[20,42668,42669,42670,8784,42672,28383,42677,42679,42680,42682],{},"If you are not sure what methods a type has, compare ",[15,42671,35097],{},[421,42673,42675],{"href":42674},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained\u002F",[15,42676,34382],{},[15,42678,34382],{}," shows available names, while ",[15,42681,35097],{}," explains one of them.",[222,42684,42416],{"id":34730},[20,42686,42687,42688,31,42690,17144,42692,425],{},"You can inspect modules such as ",[15,42689,18486],{},[15,42691,35260],{},[15,42693,42694],{},"os",[41,42696,42698],{"className":43,"code":42697,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"import math\nhelp(math)\n",[15,42699,42700,42706],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,42701,42702,42704],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,42703,35161],{"class":3957},[50,42705,35164],{"class":56},[50,42707,42708,42710,42712,42714],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,42709,32222],{"class":94},[50,42711,98],{"class":64},[50,42713,18486],{"class":101},[50,42715,105],{"class":64},[20,42717,42718,42719,42723,42724,425],{},"If you are still learning imports, see ",[421,42720,42722],{"href":42721},"\u002Flearn\u002Fhow-import-works-in-python\u002F","how import works in Python",". For a beginner-friendly module example, see the ",[421,42725,35227],{"href":42726},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview\u002F",[36,42728,34988],{"id":34987},[20,42730,42731,42733],{},[15,42732,35097],{}," output can look long at first. Do not try to read everything.",[20,42735,42736],{},"Focus on these parts first:",[158,42738,42739,42742,42745,42748],{},[161,42740,42741],{},"The function signature",[161,42743,42744],{},"The short description",[161,42746,42747],{},"Parameter names",[161,42749,42750],{},"Return value details, when shown",[20,42752,5551],{},[41,42754,42756],{"className":43,"code":42755,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"help(str.split)\n",[15,42757,42758],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,42759,42760,42762,42764,42766,42768,42770],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,42761,32222],{"class":94},[50,42763,98],{"class":64},[50,42765,1395],{"class":557},[50,42767,425],{"class":64},[50,42769,34540],{"class":1400},[50,42771,105],{"class":64},[20,42773,42774],{},"When you read the output, look for:",[158,42776,42777,42780,42783,42785],{},[161,42778,42779],{},"What object this is",[161,42781,42782],{},"What arguments it accepts",[161,42784,22039],{},[161,42786,42787],{},"Short notes about how it behaves",[20,42789,42790],{},"A good beginner habit is to read the first few useful lines, then test the function yourself with a small example.",[36,42792,42794],{"id":42793},"when-help-is-useful","When help() is useful",[20,42796,42797,29942],{},[15,42798,35097],{},[158,42800,42801,42804,42807,42810],{},[161,42802,42803],{},"You forget how a built-in function works",[161,42805,42806],{},"You want to check method names on a type",[161,42808,42809],{},"You are exploring a new module",[161,42811,42812],{},"You want quick documentation while coding",[20,42814,42815],{},"For example, if you remember that strings have a method for splitting text but forget the exact details, you can run:",[41,42817,42818],{"className":43,"code":42755,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,42819,42820],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,42821,42822,42824,42826,42828,42830,42832],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,42823,32222],{"class":94},[50,42825,98],{"class":64},[50,42827,1395],{"class":557},[50,42829,425],{"class":64},[50,42831,34540],{"class":1400},[50,42833,105],{"class":64},[20,42835,42836],{},"If you want to inspect file handling, you can also check:",[41,42838,42840],{"className":43,"code":42839,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"help(open)\n",[15,42841,42842],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,42843,42844,42846,42848,42850],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,42845,32222],{"class":94},[50,42847,98],{"class":64},[50,42849,42495],{"class":94},[50,42851,105],{"class":64},[36,42853,42855],{"id":42854},"limits-of-help","Limits of help()",[20,42857,42858,42860],{},[15,42859,35097],{}," is useful, but it has limits.",[158,42862,42863,42866,42869,42872],{},[161,42864,42865],{},"The output can feel dense for beginners",[161,42867,42868],{},"Some third-party libraries may have unclear or incomplete help text",[161,42870,42871],{},"It does not replace simple examples",[161,42873,42874],{},"It works best when combined with small practice programs",[20,42876,42877,42878,42880],{},"So, ",[15,42879,35097],{}," is great for quick checking, but you will usually learn faster if you also test what you read in short code examples.",[20,42882,5551],{},[41,42884,42886],{"className":43,"code":42885,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"a,b,c\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,42887,42888,42901,42925,42929],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,42889,42890,42892,42894,42896,42899],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,42891,695],{"class":56},[50,42893,61],{"class":60},[50,42895,700],{"class":604},[50,42897,42898],{"class":608},"a,b,c",[50,42900,705],{"class":604},[50,42902,42903,42906,42908,42911,42913,42915,42917,42919,42921,42923],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,42904,42905],{"class":56},"parts ",[50,42907,61],{"class":60},[50,42909,42910],{"class":56}," text",[50,42912,425],{"class":64},[50,42914,34540],{"class":101},[50,42916,98],{"class":64},[50,42918,811],{"class":604},[50,42920,72],{"class":608},[50,42922,811],{"class":604},[50,42924,105],{"class":64},[50,42926,42927],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,42928,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,42930,42931,42933,42935,42938],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,42932,118],{"class":94},[50,42934,98],{"class":64},[50,42936,42937],{"class":101},"parts",[50,42939,105],{"class":64},[20,42941,5637],{},[41,42943,42945],{"className":43,"code":42944,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,42946,42947],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,42948,42949,42951,42953,42955,42957,42959,42961,42963,42965,42967,42969,42971,42973],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,42950,363],{"class":64},[50,42952,611],{"class":604},[50,42954,421],{"class":608},[50,42956,611],{"class":604},[50,42958,72],{"class":64},[50,42960,605],{"class":604},[50,42962,4839],{"class":608},[50,42964,611],{"class":604},[50,42966,72],{"class":64},[50,42968,605],{"class":604},[50,42970,9817],{"class":608},[50,42972,611],{"class":604},[50,42974,83],{"class":64},[20,42976,42977],{},"A good workflow is:",[28783,42979,42980,42985,42988,42991],{},[161,42981,920,42982,42984],{},[15,42983,35097],{}," to inspect something",[161,42986,42987],{},"Write a tiny example",[161,42989,42990],{},"Check the result",[161,42992,42993],{},"Repeat",[36,42995,42997],{"id":42996},"difference-between-help-and-dir","Difference between help() and dir()",[20,42999,43000,4472,43002,43004],{},[15,43001,35097],{},[15,43003,34382],{}," are often used together, but they do different jobs.",[222,43006,43007],{"id":32222},[15,43008,35097],{},[20,43010,920,43011,43013],{},[15,43012,35097],{}," when you want an explanation.",[20,43015,43016],{},"It tells you:",[158,43018,43019,43022,43025],{},[161,43020,43021],{},"What something is",[161,43023,43024],{},"How to use it",[161,43026,43027],{},"What parameters it accepts",[222,43029,43030],{"id":34443},[15,43031,34382],{},[20,43033,920,43034,43036],{},[15,43035,34382],{}," when you want a list of available names or attributes.",[41,43038,43040],{"className":43,"code":43039,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"dir(str)\n",[15,43041,43042],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,43043,43044,43046,43048,43050],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,43045,34443],{"class":94},[50,43047,98],{"class":64},[50,43049,1395],{"class":557},[50,43051,105],{"class":64},[20,43053,43054,43055,31,43057,17144,43059,425],{},"This shows many string methods, such as ",[15,43056,34540],{},[15,43058,8714],{},[15,43060,1401],{},[20,43062,43063,43064,819],{},"Then you can inspect one of them with ",[15,43065,35097],{},[41,43067,43069],{"className":43,"code":43068,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"help(str.lower)\n",[15,43070,43071],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,43072,43073,43075,43077,43079,43081,43083],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,43074,32222],{"class":94},[50,43076,98],{"class":64},[50,43078,1395],{"class":557},[50,43080,425],{"class":64},[50,43082,1401],{"class":1400},[50,43084,105],{"class":64},[20,43086,43087],{},"A simple way to remember the difference:",[158,43089,43090,43095],{},[161,43091,920,43092,43094],{},[15,43093,34382],{}," to discover options",[161,43096,920,43097,43099],{},[15,43098,35097],{}," to understand one option",[36,43101,1743],{"id":1742},[20,43103,43104,43105,425],{},"Beginners often run into these small problems when using ",[15,43106,35097],{},[222,43108,914,43110,43113,43114],{"id":43109},"using-helplen-when-you-meant-helplen",[15,43111,43112],{},"help('len')"," when you meant ",[15,43115,43116],{},"help(len)",[20,43118,43119],{},"These are not always the same.",[41,43121,43123],{"className":43,"code":43122,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"help(len)\nhelp('len')\n",[15,43124,43125,43135],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,43126,43127,43129,43131,43133],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,43128,32222],{"class":94},[50,43130,98],{"class":64},[50,43132,1267],{"class":94},[50,43134,105],{"class":64},[50,43136,43137,43139,43141,43143,43145,43147],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,43138,32222],{"class":94},[50,43140,98],{"class":64},[50,43142,611],{"class":604},[50,43144,1267],{"class":608},[50,43146,611],{"class":604},[50,43148,105],{"class":64},[20,43150,43151,43153],{},[15,43152,43116],{}," asks for help on the actual function object.",[20,43155,43156,43158,43159,43162],{},[15,43157,43112],{}," treats ",[15,43160,43161],{},"'len'"," as a help topic string. That can work differently, so when you want to inspect a real function, use the function name without quotes.",[222,43164,43166],{"id":43165},"expecting-short-example-based-output","Expecting short, example-based output",[20,43168,43169,43171],{},[15,43170,35097],{}," is documentation, not a tutorial.",[20,43173,43174],{},"The text may be longer and more technical than you expect. Start with the first lines, then test the function yourself.",[222,43176,43178],{"id":43177},"running-help-in-a-script-and-not-noticing-where-output-goes","Running help() in a script and not noticing where output goes",[20,43180,40412,43181,43183],{},[15,43182,35097],{}," in a normal Python script, the documentation text is printed to the terminal or console.",[20,43185,1602],{},[41,43187,43189],{"className":43,"code":43188,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"help(len)\nprint(\"Done\")\n",[15,43190,43191,43201],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,43192,43193,43195,43197,43199],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,43194,32222],{"class":94},[50,43196,98],{"class":64},[50,43198,1267],{"class":94},[50,43200,105],{"class":64},[50,43202,43203,43205,43207,43209,43212,43214],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,43204,118],{"class":94},[50,43206,98],{"class":64},[50,43208,811],{"class":604},[50,43210,43211],{"class":608},"Done",[50,43213,811],{"class":604},[50,43215,105],{"class":64},[20,43217,43218],{},"You may not see a neat interactive display like you do in the Python shell.",[222,43220,37273,43222,8784,43224],{"id":43221},"confusing-help-with-dir",[15,43223,35097],{},[15,43225,34382],{},[20,43227,43228,43229,425],{},"If you want a list of methods, use ",[15,43230,34382],{},[20,43232,43233,43234,425],{},"If you want an explanation of one method, use ",[15,43235,35097],{},[36,43237,43239],{"id":43238},"useful-commands-to-try","Useful commands to try",[20,43241,43242],{},"Open Python:",[41,43244,43245],{"className":43,"code":35612,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,43246,43247],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,43248,43249],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,43250,35612],{"class":56},[20,43252,43253],{},"Then test these commands:",[41,43255,43257],{"className":43,"code":43256,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"help(len)\nhelp(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\nhelp(open)\nhelp('keywords')\ndir(str)\n",[15,43258,43259,43269,43283,43297,43307,43322],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,43260,43261,43263,43265,43267],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,43262,32222],{"class":94},[50,43264,98],{"class":64},[50,43266,1267],{"class":94},[50,43268,105],{"class":64},[50,43270,43271,43273,43275,43277,43279,43281],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,43272,32222],{"class":94},[50,43274,98],{"class":64},[50,43276,1395],{"class":557},[50,43278,425],{"class":64},[50,43280,34540],{"class":1400},[50,43282,105],{"class":64},[50,43284,43285,43287,43289,43291,43293,43295],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,43286,32222],{"class":94},[50,43288,98],{"class":64},[50,43290,437],{"class":557},[50,43292,425],{"class":64},[50,43294,13626],{"class":1400},[50,43296,105],{"class":64},[50,43298,43299,43301,43303,43305],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,43300,32222],{"class":94},[50,43302,98],{"class":64},[50,43304,42495],{"class":94},[50,43306,105],{"class":64},[50,43308,43309,43311,43313,43315,43318,43320],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,43310,32222],{"class":94},[50,43312,98],{"class":64},[50,43314,611],{"class":604},[50,43316,43317],{"class":608},"keywords",[50,43319,611],{"class":604},[50,43321,105],{"class":64},[50,43323,43324,43326,43328,43330],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,43325,34443],{"class":94},[50,43327,98],{"class":64},[50,43329,1395],{"class":557},[50,43331,105],{"class":64},[20,43333,43334],{},"These are good starting points because they show different kinds of objects:",[158,43336,43337,43340,43343,43346,43349,43352],{},[161,43338,43339],{},"A built-in function",[161,43341,43342],{},"A string method",[161,43344,43345],{},"A list method",[161,43347,43348],{},"A built-in file function",[161,43350,43351],{},"A special help topic",[161,43353,15261,43354,43356],{},[15,43355,34382],{}," example for comparison",[36,43358,1913],{"id":1912},[222,43360,43362],{"id":43361},"what-does-help-return-in-python","What does help() return in Python?",[20,43364,43365],{},"It mainly prints documentation text to the screen. It is used for inspection, not for producing a useful return value in normal beginner code.",[222,43367,43369],{"id":43368},"can-i-use-help-on-my-own-functions","Can I use help() on my own functions?",[20,43371,43372,43373,43375],{},"Yes. You can pass your own function to ",[15,43374,35097],{}," to see its name, parameters, and docstring if it has one.",[41,43377,43379],{"className":43,"code":43378,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"def greet(name):\n    \"\"\"Return a friendly greeting.\"\"\"\n    return f\"Hello, {name}!\"\n\nhelp(greet)\n",[15,43380,43381,43393,43406,43425,43429],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,43382,43383,43385,43387,43389,43391],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,43384,34921],{"class":600},[50,43386,34925],{"class":34924},[50,43388,98],{"class":64},[50,43390,814],{"class":37732},[50,43392,8421],{"class":64},[50,43394,43395,43399,43403],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,43396,43398],{"class":43397},"s2W-s","    \"\"\"",[50,43400,43402],{"class":43401},"sithA","Return a friendly greeting.",[50,43404,43405],{"class":43397},"\"\"\"\n",[50,43407,43408,43410,43413,43416,43418,43420,43422],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,43409,34932],{"class":3957},[50,43411,43412],{"class":600}," f",[50,43414,43415],{"class":608},"\"Hello, ",[50,43417,9357],{"class":68},[50,43419,814],{"class":56},[50,43421,22372],{"class":68},[50,43423,43424],{"class":608},"!\"\n",[50,43426,43427],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,43428,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,43430,43431,43433,43435,43437],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,43432,32222],{"class":94},[50,43434,98],{"class":64},[50,43436,34967],{"class":101},[50,43438,105],{"class":64},[222,43440,43442],{"id":43441},"what-is-the-difference-between-helplen-and-helplen","What is the difference between help(len) and help('len')?",[20,43444,43445,43447,43448,43450],{},[15,43446,43116],{}," asks for documentation for the actual function object. ",[15,43449,43112],{}," treats the value as a help topic string, which is a different lookup style.",[222,43452,43454],{"id":43453},"why-is-help-useful-for-beginners","Why is help() useful for beginners?",[20,43456,43457],{},"It gives quick built-in documentation inside Python, so you can check how something works without searching elsewhere first.",[36,43459,1975],{"id":1974},[158,43461,43462,43467,43471,43476,43481],{},[161,43463,43464],{},[421,43465,43466],{"href":42674},"Python dir() function explained",[161,43468,43469],{},[421,43470,8521],{"href":2397},[161,43472,43473],{},[421,43474,43475],{"href":1458},"Python len() function explained",[161,43477,43478],{},[421,43479,43480],{"href":42721},"How import works in Python",[161,43482,43483],{},[421,43484,35227],{"href":42726},[20,43486,43487,43488,43490,43491,31,43493,17144,43495,43497,43498,2976,43501,43504],{},"Try ",[15,43489,35097],{}," on three built-in functions you already know, such as ",[15,43492,1267],{},[15,43494,118],{},[15,43496,42531],{},". Then compare what you learn with ",[15,43499,43500],{},"dir(str)",[15,43502,43503],{},"dir(list)"," to build confidence exploring Python on your own.",[2018,43506,43507],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":43509},[43510,43511,43512,43513,43519,43520,43521,43522,43526,43534,43535,43541],{"id":2104,"depth":86,"text":2105},{"id":42393,"depth":86,"text":42394},{"id":180,"depth":86,"text":181},{"id":42516,"depth":86,"text":42517,"children":43514},[43515,43516,43517,43518],{"id":42520,"depth":108,"text":42521},{"id":42573,"depth":108,"text":42574},{"id":34577,"depth":108,"text":42413},{"id":34730,"depth":108,"text":42416},{"id":34987,"depth":86,"text":34988},{"id":42793,"depth":86,"text":42794},{"id":42854,"depth":86,"text":42855},{"id":42996,"depth":86,"text":42997,"children":43523},[43524,43525],{"id":32222,"depth":108,"text":35097},{"id":34443,"depth":108,"text":34382},{"id":1742,"depth":86,"text":1743,"children":43527},[43528,43530,43531,43532],{"id":43109,"depth":108,"text":43529},"Using help('len') when you meant help(len)",{"id":43165,"depth":108,"text":43166},{"id":43177,"depth":108,"text":43178},{"id":43221,"depth":108,"text":43533},"Confusing help() with dir()",{"id":43238,"depth":86,"text":43239},{"id":1912,"depth":86,"text":1913,"children":43536},[43537,43538,43539,43540],{"id":43361,"depth":108,"text":43362},{"id":43368,"depth":108,"text":43369},{"id":43441,"depth":108,"text":43442},{"id":43453,"depth":108,"text":43454},{"id":1974,"depth":86,"text":1975},"Master python help function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":42322,"description":43542},"reference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained","Vhkt5jzLBPMaA5aqAyYPSa-k-XAlASN-1vUAx7Hvu5k",{"id":43548,"title":43549,"body":43550,"description":44912,"extension":2064,"meta":44913,"navigation":111,"path":44914,"seo":44915,"stem":44916,"__hash__":44917},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained.md","Python id() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":43551,"toc":44885},[43552,43558,43563,43569,43579,43638,43648,43659,43664,43670,43672,43690,43698,43700,43702,43717,43720,43731,43733,43824,43827,43831,43836,43857,43859,43970,43972,43999,44010,44014,44017,44100,44102,44110,44116,44122,44126,44129,44239,44241,44254,44257,44271,44279,44286,44291,44305,44311,44424,44426,44487,44490,44496,44502,44505,44527,44530,44600,44603,44635,44642,44644,44647,44665,44668,44680,44686,44688,44693,44719,44722,44794,44796,44802,44805,44811,44814,44820,44830,44836,44839,44846,44849,44851,44882],[10,43553,13,43555,18],{"id":43554},"python-id-function-explained",[15,43556,43557],{},"id()",[20,43559,32387,43560,43562],{},[15,43561,43557],{}," function returns a number that identifies an object while that object exists.",[20,43564,43565,43566,43568],{},"Beginners usually see ",[15,43567,43557],{}," when learning how variables and objects work in Python. It can help you understand whether two variables point to the same object, especially with mutable objects like lists and dictionaries.",[20,43570,920,43571,43573,43574,43576,43577,425],{},[15,43572,43557],{}," for inspection and debugging. Do ",[3824,43575,4709],{}," use it to compare normal values. For value comparison, use ",[15,43578,4767],{},[41,43580,43582],{"className":43,"code":43581,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"name = \"Python\"\nprint(id(name))\n\nother = name\nprint(id(other))\n",[15,43583,43584,43596,43610,43614,43624],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,43585,43586,43588,43590,43592,43594],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,43587,7955],{"class":56},[50,43589,61],{"class":60},[50,43591,700],{"class":604},[50,43593,7376],{"class":608},[50,43595,705],{"class":604},[50,43597,43598,43600,43602,43604,43606,43608],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,43599,118],{"class":94},[50,43601,98],{"class":64},[50,43603,12724],{"class":94},[50,43605,98],{"class":64},[50,43607,814],{"class":101},[50,43609,478],{"class":64},[50,43611,43612],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,43613,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,43615,43616,43619,43621],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,43617,43618],{"class":56},"other ",[50,43620,61],{"class":60},[50,43622,43623],{"class":56}," name\n",[50,43625,43626,43628,43630,43632,43634,43636],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,43627,118],{"class":94},[50,43629,98],{"class":64},[50,43631,12724],{"class":94},[50,43633,98],{"class":64},[50,43635,30812],{"class":101},[50,43637,478],{"class":64},[20,43639,43640,43641,43644,43645,43647],{},"In this example, ",[15,43642,43643],{},"other = name"," makes both variables refer to the same object, so the two ",[15,43646,43557],{}," values match.",[43649,43650,43651],"blockquote",{},[20,43652,920,43653,43655,43656,43658],{},[15,43654,43557],{}," to inspect object identity. Do not use it to check whether two values are equal. Use ",[15,43657,4767],{}," for value comparison.",[36,43660,153,43662,156],{"id":43661},"what-id-does",[15,43663,43557],{},[20,43665,43666,43669],{},[15,43667,43668],{},"id(obj)"," returns an integer that identifies an object during its lifetime.",[20,43671,13125],{},[158,43673,43674,43677,43684,43687],{},[161,43675,43676],{},"The returned value is unique for that object while it exists",[161,43678,43679,43680,43683],{},"It shows ",[3824,43681,43682],{},"object identity",", not object value",[161,43685,43686],{},"Beginners mostly use it for learning and debugging",[161,43688,43689],{},"It is helpful when you want to see whether two names refer to the same object",[20,43691,43692,43693,43697],{},"This is closely related to how ",[421,43694,43696],{"href":43695},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-variables-explained-for-beginners","Python variables work",". A variable does not store a value in the same way a box stores an item. Instead, it refers to an object.",[36,43699,181],{"id":180},[20,43701,5513],{},[41,43703,43705],{"className":43,"code":43704,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"id(object)\n",[15,43706,43707],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,43708,43709,43711,43713,43715],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,43710,12724],{"class":94},[50,43712,98],{"class":64},[50,43714,42467],{"class":557},[50,43716,105],{"class":64},[20,43718,43719],{},"Important details:",[158,43721,43722,43725,43728],{},[161,43723,43724],{},"It takes one argument",[161,43726,43727],{},"It returns an integer",[161,43729,43730],{},"It works with strings, numbers, lists, dictionaries, functions, and other objects",[20,43732,1602],{},[41,43734,43736],{"className":43,"code":43735,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"hello\"\nnumber = 42\nitems = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(id(text))\nprint(id(number))\nprint(id(items))\n",[15,43737,43738,43750,43758,43778,43782,43796,43810],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,43739,43740,43742,43744,43746,43748],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,43741,695],{"class":56},[50,43743,61],{"class":60},[50,43745,700],{"class":604},[50,43747,3926],{"class":608},[50,43749,705],{"class":604},[50,43751,43752,43754,43756],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,43753,2316],{"class":56},[50,43755,61],{"class":60},[50,43757,2867],{"class":68},[50,43759,43760,43762,43764,43766,43768,43770,43772,43774,43776],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,43761,7859],{"class":56},[50,43763,61],{"class":60},[50,43765,65],{"class":64},[50,43767,366],{"class":68},[50,43769,72],{"class":64},[50,43771,80],{"class":68},[50,43773,72],{"class":64},[50,43775,500],{"class":68},[50,43777,83],{"class":64},[50,43779,43780],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,43781,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,43783,43784,43786,43788,43790,43792,43794],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,43785,118],{"class":94},[50,43787,98],{"class":64},[50,43789,12724],{"class":94},[50,43791,98],{"class":64},[50,43793,718],{"class":101},[50,43795,478],{"class":64},[50,43797,43798,43800,43802,43804,43806,43808],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,43799,118],{"class":94},[50,43801,98],{"class":64},[50,43803,12724],{"class":94},[50,43805,98],{"class":64},[50,43807,2338],{"class":101},[50,43809,478],{"class":64},[50,43811,43812,43814,43816,43818,43820,43822],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,43813,118],{"class":94},[50,43815,98],{"class":64},[50,43817,12724],{"class":94},[50,43819,98],{"class":64},[50,43821,7888],{"class":101},[50,43823,478],{"class":64},[20,43825,43826],{},"Expected output will be three integers. The exact numbers will be different on your computer.",[36,43828,43830],{"id":43829},"object-identity-vs-value","Object identity vs value",[20,43832,43833,43834,425],{},"This is the most important idea behind ",[15,43835,43557],{},[158,43837,43838,43845,43852],{},[161,43839,43840,43842,43843],{},[15,43841,4767],{}," checks whether two objects have the same ",[3824,43844,2570],{},[161,43846,43847,43849,43850],{},[15,43848,12268],{}," checks whether two variables refer to the same ",[3824,43851,42467],{},[161,43853,43854,43856],{},[15,43855,43557],{}," lets you inspect that identity as an integer",[20,43858,1602],{},[41,43860,43862],{"className":43,"code":43861,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(a == b)   # True\nprint(a is b)   # False\nprint(id(a))\nprint(id(b))\n",[15,43863,43864,43884,43904,43908,43925,43942,43956],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,43865,43866,43868,43870,43872,43874,43876,43878,43880,43882],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,43867,2652],{"class":56},[50,43869,61],{"class":60},[50,43871,65],{"class":64},[50,43873,366],{"class":68},[50,43875,72],{"class":64},[50,43877,80],{"class":68},[50,43879,72],{"class":64},[50,43881,500],{"class":68},[50,43883,83],{"class":64},[50,43885,43886,43888,43890,43892,43894,43896,43898,43900,43902],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,43887,2680],{"class":56},[50,43889,61],{"class":60},[50,43891,65],{"class":64},[50,43893,366],{"class":68},[50,43895,72],{"class":64},[50,43897,80],{"class":68},[50,43899,72],{"class":64},[50,43901,500],{"class":68},[50,43903,83],{"class":64},[50,43905,43906],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,43907,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,43909,43910,43912,43914,43916,43918,43920,43922],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,43911,118],{"class":94},[50,43913,98],{"class":64},[50,43915,2652],{"class":101},[50,43917,4767],{"class":60},[50,43919,2657],{"class":101},[50,43921,126],{"class":64},[50,43923,43924],{"class":129},"   # True\n",[50,43926,43927,43929,43931,43933,43935,43937,43939],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,43928,118],{"class":94},[50,43930,98],{"class":64},[50,43932,2652],{"class":101},[50,43934,12268],{"class":3957},[50,43936,2657],{"class":101},[50,43938,126],{"class":64},[50,43940,43941],{"class":129},"   # False\n",[50,43943,43944,43946,43948,43950,43952,43954],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,43945,118],{"class":94},[50,43947,98],{"class":64},[50,43949,12724],{"class":94},[50,43951,98],{"class":64},[50,43953,421],{"class":101},[50,43955,478],{"class":64},[50,43957,43958,43960,43962,43964,43966,43968],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,43959,118],{"class":94},[50,43961,98],{"class":64},[50,43963,12724],{"class":94},[50,43965,98],{"class":64},[50,43967,4839],{"class":101},[50,43969,478],{"class":64},[20,43971,2278],{},[158,43973,43974,43982,43990],{},[161,43975,43976,4862,43979,43981],{},[15,43977,43978],{},"a == b",[15,43980,247],{}," because both lists contain the same values",[161,43983,43984,4862,43987,43989],{},[15,43985,43986],{},"a is b",[15,43988,218],{}," because they are different list objects",[161,43991,43992,4472,43995,43998],{},[15,43993,43994],{},"id(a)",[15,43996,43997],{},"id(b)"," are usually different",[20,44000,44001,44002,4472,44006,425],{},"If this topic feels confusing, it helps to read about ",[421,44003,44005],{"href":44004},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types","mutability in Python",[421,44007,44009],{"href":44008},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview","Python data types",[36,44011,44013],{"id":44012},"simple-example-with-shared-references","Simple example with shared references",[20,44015,44016],{},"When you assign one variable to another, both names can refer to the same object.",[41,44018,44020],{"className":43,"code":44019,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nother_numbers = numbers\n\nprint(id(numbers))\nprint(id(other_numbers))\nprint(numbers is other_numbers)\n",[15,44021,44022,44042,44052,44056,44070,44085],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,44023,44024,44026,44028,44030,44032,44034,44036,44038,44040],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,44025,57],{"class":56},[50,44027,61],{"class":60},[50,44029,65],{"class":64},[50,44031,1618],{"class":68},[50,44033,72],{"class":64},[50,44035,840],{"class":68},[50,44037,72],{"class":64},[50,44039,1627],{"class":68},[50,44041,83],{"class":64},[50,44043,44044,44047,44049],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,44045,44046],{"class":56},"other_numbers ",[50,44048,61],{"class":60},[50,44050,44051],{"class":56}," numbers\n",[50,44053,44054],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,44055,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,44057,44058,44060,44062,44064,44066,44068],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,44059,118],{"class":94},[50,44061,98],{"class":64},[50,44063,12724],{"class":94},[50,44065,98],{"class":64},[50,44067,102],{"class":101},[50,44069,478],{"class":64},[50,44071,44072,44074,44076,44078,44080,44083],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,44073,118],{"class":94},[50,44075,98],{"class":64},[50,44077,12724],{"class":94},[50,44079,98],{"class":64},[50,44081,44082],{"class":101},"other_numbers",[50,44084,478],{"class":64},[50,44086,44087,44089,44091,44093,44095,44098],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,44088,118],{"class":94},[50,44090,98],{"class":64},[50,44092,57],{"class":101},[50,44094,12268],{"class":3957},[50,44096,44097],{"class":101}," other_numbers",[50,44099,105],{"class":64},[20,44101,5637],{},[41,44103,44104],{"className":43,"code":4061,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,44105,44106],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,44107,44108],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,44109,4061],{"class":207},[20,44111,44112,44113,44115],{},"The two ",[15,44114,43557],{}," values will also match.",[20,44117,22258,44118,44121],{},[15,44119,44120],{},"other_numbers = numbers"," does not create a new list. It creates a second reference to the same list.",[36,44123,44125],{"id":44124},"example-with-separate-objects","Example with separate objects",[20,44127,44128],{},"Now compare that with two separate lists that contain the same values.",[41,44130,44132],{"className":43,"code":44131,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"list_a = [1, 2, 3]\nlist_b = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(list_a == list_b)\nprint(list_a is list_b)\nprint(id(list_a))\nprint(id(list_b))\n",[15,44133,44134,44155,44176,44180,44195,44209,44224],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,44135,44136,44139,44141,44143,44145,44147,44149,44151,44153],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,44137,44138],{"class":56},"list_a ",[50,44140,61],{"class":60},[50,44142,65],{"class":64},[50,44144,366],{"class":68},[50,44146,72],{"class":64},[50,44148,80],{"class":68},[50,44150,72],{"class":64},[50,44152,500],{"class":68},[50,44154,83],{"class":64},[50,44156,44157,44160,44162,44164,44166,44168,44170,44172,44174],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,44158,44159],{"class":56},"list_b ",[50,44161,61],{"class":60},[50,44163,65],{"class":64},[50,44165,366],{"class":68},[50,44167,72],{"class":64},[50,44169,80],{"class":68},[50,44171,72],{"class":64},[50,44173,500],{"class":68},[50,44175,83],{"class":64},[50,44177,44178],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,44179,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,44181,44182,44184,44186,44188,44190,44193],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,44183,118],{"class":94},[50,44185,98],{"class":64},[50,44187,44138],{"class":101},[50,44189,4767],{"class":60},[50,44191,44192],{"class":101}," list_b",[50,44194,105],{"class":64},[50,44196,44197,44199,44201,44203,44205,44207],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,44198,118],{"class":94},[50,44200,98],{"class":64},[50,44202,44138],{"class":101},[50,44204,12268],{"class":3957},[50,44206,44192],{"class":101},[50,44208,105],{"class":64},[50,44210,44211,44213,44215,44217,44219,44222],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,44212,118],{"class":94},[50,44214,98],{"class":64},[50,44216,12724],{"class":94},[50,44218,98],{"class":64},[50,44220,44221],{"class":101},"list_a",[50,44223,478],{"class":64},[50,44225,44226,44228,44230,44232,44234,44237],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,44227,118],{"class":94},[50,44229,98],{"class":64},[50,44231,12724],{"class":94},[50,44233,98],{"class":64},[50,44235,44236],{"class":101},"list_b",[50,44238,478],{"class":64},[20,44240,5637],{},[41,44242,44244],{"className":43,"code":44243,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"True\nFalse\n",[15,44245,44246,44250],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,44247,44248],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,44249,4061],{"class":207},[50,44251,44252],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,44253,4122],{"class":207},[20,44255,44256],{},"What this means:",[158,44258,44259,44262,44265],{},[161,44260,44261],{},"The lists are equal in value",[161,44263,44264],{},"They are not the same object",[161,44266,44267,44268,44270],{},"Their ",[15,44269,43557],{}," values are usually different",[20,44272,44273,44274,44276,44277,425],{},"This is why ",[15,44275,43557],{}," should not replace ",[15,44278,4767],{},[36,44280,44282,44283,44285],{"id":44281},"when-id-is-useful","When ",[15,44284,43557],{}," is useful",[20,44287,44288,44290],{},[15,44289,43557],{}," can be useful in a few situations:",[158,44292,44293,44296,44299,44302],{},[161,44294,44295],{},"Checking whether two variables refer to the same object",[161,44297,44298],{},"Understanding mutable objects like lists and dictionaries",[161,44300,44301],{},"Debugging code that changes data in place",[161,44303,44304],{},"Learning how assignment works in Python",[20,44306,44307,44308,44310],{},"For example, if a list changes unexpectedly, ",[15,44309,43557],{}," can help you see whether two variables point to the same list:",[41,44312,44314],{"className":43,"code":44313,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"original = [\"a\", \"b\"]\ncopy_ref = original\n\ncopy_ref.append(\"c\")\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copy_ref)\nprint(id(original))\nprint(id(copy_ref))\n",[15,44315,44316,44340,44349,44353,44372,44376,44386,44396,44410],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,44317,44318,44320,44322,44324,44326,44328,44330,44332,44334,44336,44338],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,44319,12160],{"class":56},[50,44321,61],{"class":60},[50,44323,65],{"class":64},[50,44325,811],{"class":604},[50,44327,421],{"class":608},[50,44329,811],{"class":604},[50,44331,72],{"class":64},[50,44333,700],{"class":604},[50,44335,4839],{"class":608},[50,44337,811],{"class":604},[50,44339,83],{"class":64},[50,44341,44342,44345,44347],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,44343,44344],{"class":56},"copy_ref ",[50,44346,61],{"class":60},[50,44348,12198],{"class":56},[50,44350,44351],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,44352,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,44354,44355,44358,44360,44362,44364,44366,44368,44370],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,44356,44357],{"class":56},"copy_ref",[50,44359,425],{"class":64},[50,44361,13626],{"class":101},[50,44363,98],{"class":64},[50,44365,811],{"class":604},[50,44367,9817],{"class":608},[50,44369,811],{"class":604},[50,44371,105],{"class":64},[50,44373,44374],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,44375,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,44377,44378,44380,44382,44384],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,44379,118],{"class":94},[50,44381,98],{"class":64},[50,44383,12207],{"class":101},[50,44385,105],{"class":64},[50,44387,44388,44390,44392,44394],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,44389,118],{"class":94},[50,44391,98],{"class":64},[50,44393,44357],{"class":101},[50,44395,105],{"class":64},[50,44397,44398,44400,44402,44404,44406,44408],{"class":52,"line":6503},[50,44399,118],{"class":94},[50,44401,98],{"class":64},[50,44403,12724],{"class":94},[50,44405,98],{"class":64},[50,44407,12207],{"class":101},[50,44409,478],{"class":64},[50,44411,44412,44414,44416,44418,44420,44422],{"class":52,"line":6509},[50,44413,118],{"class":94},[50,44415,98],{"class":64},[50,44417,12724],{"class":94},[50,44419,98],{"class":64},[50,44421,44357],{"class":101},[50,44423,478],{"class":64},[20,44425,5637],{},[41,44427,44429],{"className":43,"code":44428,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,44430,44431,44459],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,44432,44433,44435,44437,44439,44441,44443,44445,44447,44449,44451,44453,44455,44457],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,44434,363],{"class":64},[50,44436,611],{"class":604},[50,44438,421],{"class":608},[50,44440,611],{"class":604},[50,44442,72],{"class":64},[50,44444,605],{"class":604},[50,44446,4839],{"class":608},[50,44448,611],{"class":604},[50,44450,72],{"class":64},[50,44452,605],{"class":604},[50,44454,9817],{"class":608},[50,44456,611],{"class":604},[50,44458,83],{"class":64},[50,44460,44461,44463,44465,44467,44469,44471,44473,44475,44477,44479,44481,44483,44485],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,44462,363],{"class":64},[50,44464,611],{"class":604},[50,44466,421],{"class":608},[50,44468,611],{"class":604},[50,44470,72],{"class":64},[50,44472,605],{"class":604},[50,44474,4839],{"class":608},[50,44476,611],{"class":604},[50,44478,72],{"class":64},[50,44480,605],{"class":604},[50,44482,9817],{"class":608},[50,44484,611],{"class":604},[50,44486,83],{"class":64},[20,44488,44489],{},"Both variables show the same updated list because they refer to the same object.",[36,44491,44493,44494],{"id":44492},"when-not-to-use-id","When not to use ",[15,44495,43557],{},[20,44497,44498,44499,44501],{},"Do not use ",[15,44500,43557],{}," as a normal comparison tool.",[20,44503,44504],{},"Avoid these mistakes:",[158,44506,44507,44513,44519,44522],{},[161,44508,44509,44510,44512],{},"Do not use it instead of ",[15,44511,4767],{}," for strings, numbers, lists, or other normal values",[161,44514,44515,44516,44518],{},"Do not store or depend on ",[15,44517,43557],{}," values across program runs",[161,44520,44521],{},"Do not assume the integer has a meaning you should interpret",[161,44523,44524,44525],{},"Do not build unnecessary program logic around ",[15,44526,43557],{},[20,44528,44529],{},"Bad example:",[41,44531,44533],{"className":43,"code":44532,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = \"cat\"\nb = \"cat\"\n\nif id(a) == id(b):\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,44534,44535,44547,44559,44563,44585],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,44536,44537,44539,44541,44543,44545],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,44538,2652],{"class":56},[50,44540,61],{"class":60},[50,44542,700],{"class":604},[50,44544,37116],{"class":608},[50,44546,705],{"class":604},[50,44548,44549,44551,44553,44555,44557],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,44550,2680],{"class":56},[50,44552,61],{"class":60},[50,44554,700],{"class":604},[50,44556,37116],{"class":608},[50,44558,705],{"class":604},[50,44560,44561],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,44562,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,44564,44565,44567,44569,44571,44573,44575,44577,44579,44581,44583],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,44566,7076],{"class":3957},[50,44568,14889],{"class":94},[50,44570,98],{"class":64},[50,44572,421],{"class":101},[50,44574,126],{"class":64},[50,44576,6485],{"class":60},[50,44578,14889],{"class":94},[50,44580,98],{"class":64},[50,44582,4839],{"class":101},[50,44584,8421],{"class":64},[50,44586,44587,44589,44591,44593,44596,44598],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,44588,8148],{"class":94},[50,44590,98],{"class":64},[50,44592,811],{"class":604},[50,44594,44595],{"class":608},"The values are equal",[50,44597,811],{"class":604},[50,44599,105],{"class":64},[20,44601,44602],{},"This is the wrong test. Use:",[41,44604,44606],{"className":43,"code":44605,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"if a == b:\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,44607,44608,44621],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,44609,44610,44612,44615,44617,44619],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,44611,7076],{"class":3957},[50,44613,44614],{"class":56}," a ",[50,44616,4767],{"class":60},[50,44618,2657],{"class":56},[50,44620,6470],{"class":64},[50,44622,44623,44625,44627,44629,44631,44633],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,44624,8148],{"class":94},[50,44626,98],{"class":64},[50,44628,811],{"class":604},[50,44630,44595],{"class":608},[50,44632,811],{"class":604},[50,44634,105],{"class":64},[20,44636,920,44637,2976,44639,44641],{},[15,44638,12268],{},[15,44640,43557],{}," only when identity actually matters.",[36,44643,20870],{"id":20869},[20,44645,44646],{},"There are a few details that can confuse beginners:",[158,44648,44649,44652,44655,44660],{},[161,44650,44651],{},"Some small values may appear to share identities because Python can reuse objects",[161,44653,44654],{},"That behavior can vary between Python implementations",[161,44656,44657,44658],{},"Do not assume equal immutable values always have the same ",[15,44659,43557],{},[161,44661,44662,44663],{},"Do not assume they always have different ",[15,44664,43557],{},[20,44666,44667],{},"The important rule is:",[158,44669,44670,44675],{},[161,44671,920,44672,44674],{},[15,44673,4767],{}," to check value",[161,44676,920,44677,44679],{},[15,44678,12268],{}," to check identity",[20,44681,44682,44683,44685],{},"In everyday Python code, ",[15,44684,43557],{}," is mainly an inspection tool. It is not something you use all the time.",[36,44687,1743],{"id":1742},[20,44689,44690,44691,819],{},"Here are common beginner mistakes with ",[15,44692,43557],{},[158,44694,44695,44703,44706,44709,44714],{},[161,44696,914,44697,44699,44700,44702],{},[15,44698,43557],{}," when ",[15,44701,4767],{}," should be used",[161,44704,44705],{},"Confusing identity with equality",[161,44707,44708],{},"Thinking the returned integer is a memory address you should rely on",[161,44710,44711,44712],{},"Assuming equal immutable values always have different or always have the same ",[15,44713,43557],{},[161,44715,914,44716,44718],{},[15,44717,43557],{}," to make program logic decisions unnecessarily",[20,44720,44721],{},"If you are debugging, these commands are often helpful:",[41,44723,44725],{"className":43,"code":44724,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(id(my_object))\nprint(a == b)\nprint(a is b)\nprint(type(my_object))\nhelp(id)\n",[15,44726,44727,44742,44756,44770,44784],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,44728,44729,44731,44733,44735,44737,44740],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,44730,118],{"class":94},[50,44732,98],{"class":64},[50,44734,12724],{"class":94},[50,44736,98],{"class":64},[50,44738,44739],{"class":101},"my_object",[50,44741,478],{"class":64},[50,44743,44744,44746,44748,44750,44752,44754],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,44745,118],{"class":94},[50,44747,98],{"class":64},[50,44749,2652],{"class":101},[50,44751,4767],{"class":60},[50,44753,2657],{"class":101},[50,44755,105],{"class":64},[50,44757,44758,44760,44762,44764,44766,44768],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,44759,118],{"class":94},[50,44761,98],{"class":64},[50,44763,2652],{"class":101},[50,44765,12268],{"class":3957},[50,44767,2657],{"class":101},[50,44769,105],{"class":64},[50,44771,44772,44774,44776,44778,44780,44782],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,44773,118],{"class":94},[50,44775,98],{"class":64},[50,44777,558],{"class":557},[50,44779,98],{"class":64},[50,44781,44739],{"class":101},[50,44783,478],{"class":64},[50,44785,44786,44788,44790,44792],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,44787,32222],{"class":94},[50,44789,98],{"class":64},[50,44791,12724],{"class":94},[50,44793,105],{"class":64},[36,44795,1913],{"id":1912},[222,44797,44799,44800,1930],{"id":44798},"what-does-python-id-return","What does Python ",[15,44801,43557],{},[20,44803,44804],{},"It returns an integer that identifies an object for as long as that object exists.",[222,44806,14975,44808,44810],{"id":44807},"is-id-the-same-as-a-memory-address",[15,44809,43557],{}," the same as a memory address?",[20,44812,44813],{},"In CPython, it is often related to the memory address, but beginners should treat it as an identity value, not as something to depend on.",[222,44815,21490,44817,44819],{"id":44816},"should-i-use-id-to-compare-two-values",[15,44818,43557],{}," to compare two values?",[20,44821,30339,44822,44824,44825,2976,44827,44829],{},[15,44823,4767],{}," to compare values. Use ",[15,44826,43557],{},[15,44828,12268],{}," only when you need to know whether two variables refer to the same object.",[222,44831,44833,44834,1943],{"id":44832},"why-do-two-variables-sometimes-have-the-same-id","Why do two variables sometimes have the same ",[15,44835,43557],{},[20,44837,44838],{},"Because they can point to the same object.",[222,44840,44842,44843,44845],{"id":44841},"why-do-equal-lists-have-different-id-values","Why do equal lists have different ",[15,44844,43557],{}," values?",[20,44847,44848],{},"Because they can store the same values but still be separate objects.",[36,44850,1975],{"id":1974},[158,44852,44853,44858,44863,44868,44876],{},[161,44854,44855],{},[421,44856,44857],{"href":43695},"Python variables explained for beginners",[161,44859,44860],{},[421,44861,44862],{"href":44004},"Mutability in Python: mutable vs immutable types",[161,44864,44865],{},[421,44866,44867],{"href":44008},"Python data types overview",[161,44869,44870],{},[421,44871,13,44873,1461],{"href":44872},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained",[15,44874,44875],{},"isinstance()",[161,44877,44878],{},[421,44879,44881],{"href":44880},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-functions-explained","Python functions explained",[2018,44883,44884],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":44886},[44887,44889,44890,44891,44892,44893,44895,44897,44898,44899,44911],{"id":43661,"depth":86,"text":44888},"What id() does",{"id":180,"depth":86,"text":181},{"id":43829,"depth":86,"text":43830},{"id":44012,"depth":86,"text":44013},{"id":44124,"depth":86,"text":44125},{"id":44281,"depth":86,"text":44894},"When id() is useful",{"id":44492,"depth":86,"text":44896},"When not to use id()",{"id":20869,"depth":86,"text":20870},{"id":1742,"depth":86,"text":1743},{"id":1912,"depth":86,"text":1913,"children":44900},[44901,44903,44905,44907,44909],{"id":44798,"depth":108,"text":44902},"What does Python id() return?",{"id":44807,"depth":108,"text":44904},"Is id() the same as a memory address?",{"id":44816,"depth":108,"text":44906},"Should I use id() to compare two values?",{"id":44832,"depth":108,"text":44908},"Why do two variables sometimes have the same id()?",{"id":44841,"depth":108,"text":44910},"Why do equal lists have different id() values?",{"id":1974,"depth":86,"text":1975},"Master python id function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained",{"title":43549,"description":44912},"reference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained","urpvIG90OiBF3OAxMd-CGWa-9xnfjJsWk0ZM8U_FOZA",{"id":44919,"title":42264,"body":44920,"description":46560,"extension":2064,"meta":46561,"navigation":111,"path":46562,"seo":46563,"stem":46564,"__hash__":46565},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":44921,"toc":46526},[44922,44927,44932,44935,44937,44980,44985,44988,44993,44998,45001,45017,45019,45063,45065,45092,45094,45109,45111,45113,45115,45131,45133,45145,45148,45182,45185,45210,45215,45217,45222,45226,45229,45231,45279,45281,45314,45320,45331,45333,45385,45387,45418,45420,45424,45428,45471,45477,45483,45535,45543,45548,45552,45643,45645,45678,45681,45683,45743,45745,45771,45781,45783,45787,45792,45797,45799,45836,45838,45857,45860,45864,45867,45923,45935,45944,45946,45973,45981,45988,45992,45995,46032,46035,46041,46078,46080,46084,46090,46108,46113,46161,46165,46254,46257,46264,46266,46268,46273,46291,46293,46336,46342,46359,46361,46423,46425,46427,46433,46441,46447,46453,46462,46472,46476,46484,46486,46488,46523],[10,44923,13,44925,18],{"id":44924},"python-input-function-explained",[15,44926,3055],{},[20,44928,1185,44929,44931],{},[15,44930,3055],{}," function lets your Python program receive text from the user.",[20,44933,44934],{},"It is one of the most common beginner tools in Python because it makes programs interactive. You can use it to ask for a name, an age, a number, or any other value the user types.",[36,44936,2105],{"id":2104},[41,44938,44940],{"className":43,"code":44939,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(\"Hello, \" + name)\n",[15,44941,44942,44961],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,44943,44944,44946,44948,44950,44952,44954,44957,44959],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,44945,7955],{"class":56},[50,44947,61],{"class":60},[50,44949,8321],{"class":94},[50,44951,98],{"class":64},[50,44953,811],{"class":604},[50,44955,44956],{"class":608},"Enter your name: ",[50,44958,811],{"class":604},[50,44960,105],{"class":64},[50,44962,44963,44965,44967,44969,44972,44974,44976,44978],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,44964,118],{"class":94},[50,44966,98],{"class":64},[50,44968,811],{"class":604},[50,44970,44971],{"class":608},"Hello, ",[50,44973,811],{"class":604},[50,44975,2551],{"class":60},[50,44977,36061],{"class":101},[50,44979,105],{"class":64},[20,44981,920,44982,44984],{},[15,44983,3055],{}," to get text from the user. It always returns a string.",[44986,44987],"hr",{},[36,44989,153,44991,156],{"id":44990},"what-input-does",[15,44992,3055],{},[20,44994,44995,44997],{},[15,44996,3055],{}," pauses the program and waits for the user to type something.",[20,44999,45000],{},"Here is what happens:",[158,45002,45003,45008,45011,45014],{},[161,45004,45005,45007],{},[15,45006,3055],{}," waits for the user to type",[161,45009,45010],{},"It reads text from the keyboard",[161,45012,45013],{},"It returns the typed value as a string",[161,45015,45016],{},"The program continues after the user presses Enter",[20,45018,1602],{},[41,45020,45022],{"className":43,"code":45021,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\nprint(\"Your favorite color is\", color)\n",[15,45023,45024,45044],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,45025,45026,45029,45031,45033,45035,45037,45040,45042],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,45027,45028],{"class":56},"color ",[50,45030,61],{"class":60},[50,45032,8321],{"class":94},[50,45034,98],{"class":64},[50,45036,811],{"class":604},[50,45038,45039],{"class":608},"What is your favorite color? ",[50,45041,811],{"class":604},[50,45043,105],{"class":64},[50,45045,45046,45048,45050,45052,45055,45057,45059,45061],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,45047,118],{"class":94},[50,45049,98],{"class":64},[50,45051,811],{"class":604},[50,45053,45054],{"class":608},"Your favorite color is",[50,45056,811],{"class":604},[50,45058,72],{"class":64},[50,45060,35920],{"class":101},[50,45062,105],{"class":64},[20,45064,30098],{},[41,45066,45068],{"className":43,"code":45067,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"What is your favorite color? blue\nYour favorite color is blue\n",[15,45069,45070,45083],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,45071,45072,45074,45076,45079,45081],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,45073,153],{"class":56},[50,45075,12268],{"class":60},[50,45077,45078],{"class":56}," your favorite color",[50,45080,1943],{"class":37436},[50,45082,35950],{"class":56},[50,45084,45085,45088,45090],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,45086,45087],{"class":56},"Your favorite color ",[50,45089,12268],{"class":60},[50,45091,35950],{"class":56},[20,45093,20027],{},[158,45095,45096,45101,45106],{},[161,45097,45098,45099],{},"The prompt is ",[15,45100,45039],{},[161,45102,45103,45104],{},"The user's answer is stored in ",[15,45105,32961],{},[161,45107,45108],{},"That value is then printed",[44986,45110],{},[36,45112,181],{"id":180},[20,45114,7297],{},[41,45116,45118],{"className":43,"code":45117,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"input(prompt)\n",[15,45119,45120],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,45121,45122,45124,45126,45129],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,45123,42531],{"class":94},[50,45125,98],{"class":64},[50,45127,45128],{"class":101},"prompt",[50,45130,105],{"class":64},[20,45132,11534],{},[158,45134,45135,45139,45142],{},[161,45136,1185,45137,20109],{},[15,45138,45128],{},[161,45140,45141],{},"The prompt appears before the user types",[161,45143,45144],{},"You usually store the result in a variable",[20,45146,45147],{},"Example with a prompt:",[41,45149,45151],{"className":43,"code":45150,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"username = input(\"Enter your username: \")\nprint(username)\n",[15,45152,45153,45172],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,45154,45155,45157,45159,45161,45163,45165,45168,45170],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,45156,8040],{"class":56},[50,45158,61],{"class":60},[50,45160,8321],{"class":94},[50,45162,98],{"class":64},[50,45164,811],{"class":604},[50,45166,45167],{"class":608},"Enter your username: ",[50,45169,811],{"class":604},[50,45171,105],{"class":64},[50,45173,45174,45176,45178,45180],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,45175,118],{"class":94},[50,45177,98],{"class":64},[50,45179,8064],{"class":101},[50,45181,105],{"class":64},[20,45183,45184],{},"Example without a prompt:",[41,45186,45188],{"className":43,"code":45187,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = input()\nprint(value)\n",[15,45189,45190,45200],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,45191,45192,45194,45196,45198],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,45193,2544],{"class":56},[50,45195,61],{"class":60},[50,45197,8321],{"class":94},[50,45199,8722],{"class":64},[50,45201,45202,45204,45206,45208],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,45203,118],{"class":94},[50,45205,98],{"class":64},[50,45207,2570],{"class":101},[50,45209,105],{"class":64},[20,45211,7842,45212,45214],{},[15,45213,3055],{}," without a prompt, but a clear prompt is usually better. It helps the user know what to enter.",[44986,45216],{},[36,45218,153,45220,11780],{"id":45219},"what-input-returns",[15,45221,3055],{},[20,45223,45224,8304],{},[15,45225,3055],{},[20,45227,45228],{},"That is true even if the user types a number.",[20,45230,1602],{},[41,45232,45234],{"className":43,"code":45233,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"age = input(\"Enter your age: \")\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,45235,45236,45255,45265],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,45237,45238,45240,45242,45244,45246,45248,45251,45253],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,45239,21697],{"class":56},[50,45241,61],{"class":60},[50,45243,8321],{"class":94},[50,45245,98],{"class":64},[50,45247,811],{"class":604},[50,45249,45250],{"class":608},"Enter your age: ",[50,45252,811],{"class":604},[50,45254,105],{"class":64},[50,45256,45257,45259,45261,45263],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,45258,118],{"class":94},[50,45260,98],{"class":64},[50,45262,833],{"class":101},[50,45264,105],{"class":64},[50,45266,45267,45269,45271,45273,45275,45277],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,45268,118],{"class":94},[50,45270,98],{"class":64},[50,45272,558],{"class":557},[50,45274,98],{"class":64},[50,45276,833],{"class":101},[50,45278,478],{"class":64},[20,45280,30098],{},[41,45282,45284],{"className":43,"code":45283,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,45285,45286,45296,45300],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,45287,45288,45291,45293],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,45289,45290],{"class":56},"Enter your age",[50,45292,819],{"class":64},[50,45294,45295],{"class":68}," 25\n",[50,45297,45298],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,45299,2807],{"class":68},[50,45301,45302,45304,45306,45308,45310,45312],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,45303,597],{"class":60},[50,45305,601],{"class":600},[50,45307,605],{"class":604},[50,45309,1395],{"class":608},[50,45311,611],{"class":604},[50,45313,614],{"class":60},[20,45315,45316,45317,45319],{},"Even though the user typed ",[15,45318,9273],{},", Python treats it as text.",[20,45321,45322,45323,2976,45327,425],{},"If you need a number, convert it with ",[421,45324,45325],{"href":2972},[15,45326,2975],{},[421,45328,45329],{"href":2979},[15,45330,2982],{},[20,45332,1602],{},[41,45334,45336],{"className":43,"code":45335,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,45337,45338,45361,45371],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,45339,45340,45342,45344,45347,45349,45351,45353,45355,45357,45359],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,45341,21697],{"class":56},[50,45343,61],{"class":60},[50,45345,45346],{"class":557}," int",[50,45348,98],{"class":64},[50,45350,42531],{"class":94},[50,45352,98],{"class":64},[50,45354,811],{"class":604},[50,45356,45250],{"class":608},[50,45358,811],{"class":604},[50,45360,478],{"class":64},[50,45362,45363,45365,45367,45369],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,45364,118],{"class":94},[50,45366,98],{"class":64},[50,45368,833],{"class":101},[50,45370,105],{"class":64},[50,45372,45373,45375,45377,45379,45381,45383],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,45374,118],{"class":94},[50,45376,98],{"class":64},[50,45378,558],{"class":557},[50,45380,98],{"class":64},[50,45382,833],{"class":101},[50,45384,478],{"class":64},[20,45386,30098],{},[41,45388,45390],{"className":43,"code":45389,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,45391,45392,45400,45404],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,45393,45394,45396,45398],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,45395,45290],{"class":56},[50,45397,819],{"class":64},[50,45399,45295],{"class":68},[50,45401,45402],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,45403,2807],{"class":68},[50,45405,45406,45408,45410,45412,45414,45416],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,45407,597],{"class":60},[50,45409,601],{"class":600},[50,45411,605],{"class":604},[50,45413,2288],{"class":608},[50,45415,611],{"class":604},[50,45417,614],{"class":60},[44986,45419],{},[36,45421,45423],{"id":45422},"simple-examples-beginners-need","Simple examples beginners need",[222,45425,45427],{"id":45426},"ask-for-a-name-and-print-it","Ask for a name and print it",[41,45429,45431],{"className":43,"code":45430,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"name = input(\"What is your name? \")\nprint(\"Hello,\", name)\n",[15,45432,45433,45452],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,45434,45435,45437,45439,45441,45443,45445,45448,45450],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,45436,7955],{"class":56},[50,45438,61],{"class":60},[50,45440,8321],{"class":94},[50,45442,98],{"class":64},[50,45444,811],{"class":604},[50,45446,45447],{"class":608},"What is your name? ",[50,45449,811],{"class":604},[50,45451,105],{"class":64},[50,45453,45454,45456,45458,45460,45463,45465,45467,45469],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,45455,118],{"class":94},[50,45457,98],{"class":64},[50,45459,811],{"class":604},[50,45461,45462],{"class":608},"Hello,",[50,45464,811],{"class":604},[50,45466,72],{"class":64},[50,45468,36061],{"class":101},[50,45470,105],{"class":64},[20,45472,45473,45474,45476],{},"This stores the user's answer in ",[15,45475,814],{}," and prints it.",[222,45478,45480,45481],{"id":45479},"ask-for-age-and-convert-it-with-int","Ask for age and convert it with ",[15,45482,2975],{},[41,45484,45486],{"className":43,"code":45485,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"age = int(input(\"How old are you? \"))\nprint(\"Next year you will be\", age + 1)\n",[15,45487,45488,45511],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,45489,45490,45492,45494,45496,45498,45500,45502,45504,45507,45509],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,45491,21697],{"class":56},[50,45493,61],{"class":60},[50,45495,45346],{"class":557},[50,45497,98],{"class":64},[50,45499,42531],{"class":94},[50,45501,98],{"class":64},[50,45503,811],{"class":604},[50,45505,45506],{"class":608},"How old are you? ",[50,45508,811],{"class":604},[50,45510,478],{"class":64},[50,45512,45513,45515,45517,45519,45522,45524,45526,45529,45531,45533],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,45514,118],{"class":94},[50,45516,98],{"class":64},[50,45518,811],{"class":604},[50,45520,45521],{"class":608},"Next year you will be",[50,45523,811],{"class":604},[50,45525,72],{"class":64},[50,45527,45528],{"class":101}," age ",[50,45530,2161],{"class":60},[50,45532,75],{"class":68},[50,45534,105],{"class":64},[20,45536,6138,45537,45539,45540,45542],{},[15,45538,2975],{}," converts the text from ",[15,45541,3055],{}," into a whole number.",[20,45544,45545,45546,425],{},"If you want more help with this step, see ",[421,45547,9061],{"href":9060},[222,45549,45551],{"id":45550},"ask-for-two-numbers-and-add-them-after-conversion","Ask for two numbers and add them after conversion",[41,45553,45555],{"className":43,"code":45554,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"num1 = int(input(\"Enter the first number: \"))\nnum2 = int(input(\"Enter the second number: \"))\ntotal = num1 + num2\n\nprint(\"Total:\", total)\n",[15,45556,45557,45581,45605,45619,45623],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,45558,45559,45562,45564,45566,45568,45570,45572,45574,45577,45579],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,45560,45561],{"class":56},"num1 ",[50,45563,61],{"class":60},[50,45565,45346],{"class":557},[50,45567,98],{"class":64},[50,45569,42531],{"class":94},[50,45571,98],{"class":64},[50,45573,811],{"class":604},[50,45575,45576],{"class":608},"Enter the first number: ",[50,45578,811],{"class":604},[50,45580,478],{"class":64},[50,45582,45583,45586,45588,45590,45592,45594,45596,45598,45601,45603],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,45584,45585],{"class":56},"num2 ",[50,45587,61],{"class":60},[50,45589,45346],{"class":557},[50,45591,98],{"class":64},[50,45593,42531],{"class":94},[50,45595,98],{"class":64},[50,45597,811],{"class":604},[50,45599,45600],{"class":608},"Enter the second number: ",[50,45602,811],{"class":604},[50,45604,478],{"class":64},[50,45606,45607,45609,45611,45614,45616],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,45608,41252],{"class":56},[50,45610,61],{"class":60},[50,45612,45613],{"class":56}," num1 ",[50,45615,2161],{"class":60},[50,45617,45618],{"class":56}," num2\n",[50,45620,45621],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,45622,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,45624,45625,45627,45629,45631,45634,45636,45638,45641],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,45626,118],{"class":94},[50,45628,98],{"class":64},[50,45630,811],{"class":604},[50,45632,45633],{"class":608},"Total:",[50,45635,811],{"class":604},[50,45637,72],{"class":64},[50,45639,45640],{"class":101}," total",[50,45642,105],{"class":64},[20,45644,30098],{},[41,45646,45648],{"className":43,"code":45647,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\nTotal: 5\n",[15,45649,45650,45660,45669],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,45651,45652,45655,45657],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,45653,45654],{"class":56},"Enter the first number",[50,45656,819],{"class":64},[50,45658,45659],{"class":68}," 2\n",[50,45661,45662,45665,45667],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,45663,45664],{"class":56},"Enter the second number",[50,45666,819],{"class":64},[50,45668,2675],{"class":68},[50,45670,45671,45674,45676],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,45672,45673],{"class":56},"Total",[50,45675,819],{"class":64},[50,45677,34912],{"class":68},[20,45679,45680],{},"If you skip the conversion, Python joins the values as strings instead of adding them as numbers.",[20,45682,1602],{},[41,45684,45686],{"className":43,"code":45685,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"num1 = input(\"Enter the first number: \")\nnum2 = input(\"Enter the second number: \")\n\nprint(num1 + num2)\n",[15,45687,45688,45706,45724,45728],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,45689,45690,45692,45694,45696,45698,45700,45702,45704],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,45691,45561],{"class":56},[50,45693,61],{"class":60},[50,45695,8321],{"class":94},[50,45697,98],{"class":64},[50,45699,811],{"class":604},[50,45701,45576],{"class":608},[50,45703,811],{"class":604},[50,45705,105],{"class":64},[50,45707,45708,45710,45712,45714,45716,45718,45720,45722],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,45709,45585],{"class":56},[50,45711,61],{"class":60},[50,45713,8321],{"class":94},[50,45715,98],{"class":64},[50,45717,811],{"class":604},[50,45719,45600],{"class":608},[50,45721,811],{"class":604},[50,45723,105],{"class":64},[50,45725,45726],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,45727,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,45729,45730,45732,45734,45736,45738,45741],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,45731,118],{"class":94},[50,45733,98],{"class":64},[50,45735,45561],{"class":101},[50,45737,2161],{"class":60},[50,45739,45740],{"class":101}," num2",[50,45742,105],{"class":64},[20,45744,30098],{},[41,45746,45748],{"className":43,"code":45747,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\n23\n",[15,45749,45750,45758,45766],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,45751,45752,45754,45756],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,45753,45654],{"class":56},[50,45755,819],{"class":64},[50,45757,45659],{"class":68},[50,45759,45760,45762,45764],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,45761,45664],{"class":56},[50,45763,819],{"class":64},[50,45765,2675],{"class":68},[50,45767,45768],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,45769,45770],{"class":68},"23\n",[20,45772,45773,45774,45777,45778,425],{},"That happens because ",[15,45775,45776],{},"\"2\" + \"3\""," creates ",[15,45779,45780],{},"\"23\"",[44986,45782],{},[36,45784,45786],{"id":45785},"common-beginner-problems","Common beginner problems",[20,45788,45789,45790,425],{},"Beginners often run into the same few issues with ",[15,45791,3055],{},[222,45793,1756,45795,41612],{"id":45794},"forgetting-that-input-returns-a-string",[15,45796,3055],{},[20,45798,39267],{},[41,45800,45802],{"className":43,"code":45801,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,45803,45804,45822],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,45805,45806,45808,45810,45812,45814,45816,45818,45820],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,45807,2544],{"class":56},[50,45809,61],{"class":60},[50,45811,8321],{"class":94},[50,45813,98],{"class":64},[50,45815,811],{"class":604},[50,45817,41941],{"class":608},[50,45819,811],{"class":604},[50,45821,105],{"class":64},[50,45823,45824,45826,45828,45830,45832,45834],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,45825,118],{"class":94},[50,45827,98],{"class":64},[50,45829,558],{"class":557},[50,45831,98],{"class":64},[50,45833,2570],{"class":101},[50,45835,478],{"class":64},[20,45837,353],{},[41,45839,45841],{"className":43,"code":45840,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,45842,45843],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,45844,45845,45847,45849,45851,45853,45855],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,45846,597],{"class":60},[50,45848,601],{"class":600},[50,45850,605],{"class":604},[50,45852,1395],{"class":608},[50,45854,611],{"class":604},[50,45856,614],{"class":60},[20,45858,45859],{},"If you need a number, convert it first.",[222,45861,45863],{"id":45862},"trying-to-add-numbers-without-converting-them","Trying to add numbers without converting them",[20,45865,45866],{},"This gives string joining, not math.",[41,45868,45870],{"className":43,"code":45869,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nb = input(\"Enter another number: \")\nprint(a + b)\n",[15,45871,45872,45890,45909],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,45873,45874,45876,45878,45880,45882,45884,45886,45888],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,45875,2652],{"class":56},[50,45877,61],{"class":60},[50,45879,8321],{"class":94},[50,45881,98],{"class":64},[50,45883,811],{"class":604},[50,45885,41941],{"class":608},[50,45887,811],{"class":604},[50,45889,105],{"class":64},[50,45891,45892,45894,45896,45898,45900,45902,45905,45907],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,45893,2680],{"class":56},[50,45895,61],{"class":60},[50,45897,8321],{"class":94},[50,45899,98],{"class":64},[50,45901,811],{"class":604},[50,45903,45904],{"class":608},"Enter another number: ",[50,45906,811],{"class":604},[50,45908,105],{"class":64},[50,45910,45911,45913,45915,45917,45919,45921],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,45912,118],{"class":94},[50,45914,98],{"class":64},[50,45916,2652],{"class":101},[50,45918,2161],{"class":60},[50,45920,2657],{"class":101},[50,45922,105],{"class":64},[20,45924,41190,45925,4472,45927,45929,45930,19033,45933,425],{},[15,45926,2602],{},[15,45928,290],{},", the result is ",[15,45931,45932],{},"45",[15,45934,2244],{},[222,45936,45938,45939,45941,45942],{"id":45937},"getting-valueerror-when-converting-invalid-text-to-int","Getting ",[15,45940,40773],{}," when converting invalid text to ",[15,45943,2975],{},[20,45945,1602],{},[41,45947,45949],{"className":43,"code":45948,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n",[15,45950,45951],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,45952,45953,45955,45957,45959,45961,45963,45965,45967,45969,45971],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,45954,21697],{"class":56},[50,45956,61],{"class":60},[50,45958,45346],{"class":557},[50,45960,98],{"class":64},[50,45962,42531],{"class":94},[50,45964,98],{"class":64},[50,45966,811],{"class":604},[50,45968,45250],{"class":608},[50,45970,811],{"class":604},[50,45972,478],{"class":64},[20,45974,8350,45975,45978,45979,425],{},[15,45976,45977],{},"ten",", Python raises a ",[15,45980,40773],{},[20,45982,45983,45984,425],{},"If you see this problem, read ",[421,45985,45987],{"href":45986},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-invalid-literal-for-int-with-base-10-fix\u002F","ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10",[222,45989,45991],{"id":45990},"leaving-extra-spaces-in-user-input","Leaving extra spaces in user input",[20,45993,45994],{},"Users sometimes type extra spaces before or after their answer.",[41,45996,45998],{"className":43,"code":45997,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(repr(name))\n",[15,45999,46000,46018],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,46001,46002,46004,46006,46008,46010,46012,46014,46016],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,46003,7955],{"class":56},[50,46005,61],{"class":60},[50,46007,8321],{"class":94},[50,46009,98],{"class":64},[50,46011,811],{"class":604},[50,46013,44956],{"class":608},[50,46015,811],{"class":604},[50,46017,105],{"class":64},[50,46019,46020,46022,46024,46026,46028,46030],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,46021,118],{"class":94},[50,46023,98],{"class":64},[50,46025,41849],{"class":94},[50,46027,98],{"class":64},[50,46029,814],{"class":101},[50,46031,478],{"class":64},[20,46033,46034],{},"If the user enters spaces, those spaces become part of the string.",[20,46036,46037,46038,819],{},"You can remove them with ",[15,46039,46040],{},".strip()",[41,46042,46044],{"className":43,"code":46043,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \").strip()\nprint(name)\n",[15,46045,46046,46068],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,46047,46048,46050,46052,46054,46056,46058,46060,46062,46064,46066],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,46049,7955],{"class":56},[50,46051,61],{"class":60},[50,46053,8321],{"class":94},[50,46055,98],{"class":64},[50,46057,811],{"class":604},[50,46059,44956],{"class":608},[50,46061,811],{"class":604},[50,46063,8711],{"class":64},[50,46065,8714],{"class":101},[50,46067,8722],{"class":64},[50,46069,46070,46072,46074,46076],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,46071,118],{"class":94},[50,46073,98],{"class":64},[50,46075,814],{"class":101},[50,46077,105],{"class":64},[44986,46079],{},[36,46081,46083],{"id":46082},"helpful-tips","Helpful tips",[20,46085,46086,46087,46089],{},"These habits make ",[15,46088,3055],{}," easier and safer to use.",[158,46091,46092,46095,46100,46103],{},[161,46093,46094],{},"Use clear prompts so users know what to enter",[161,46096,920,46097,46099],{},[15,46098,46040],{}," to remove extra spaces when needed",[161,46101,46102],{},"Validate input before using it in larger programs",[161,46104,920,46105,46107],{},[15,46106,29850],{}," when converting input to numbers",[20,46109,46110,46111,819],{},"Example with ",[15,46112,46040],{},[41,46114,46116],{"className":43,"code":46115,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"city = input(\"Enter your city: \").strip()\nprint(\"City:\", city)\n",[15,46117,46118,46142],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,46119,46120,46123,46125,46127,46129,46131,46134,46136,46138,46140],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,46121,46122],{"class":56},"city ",[50,46124,61],{"class":60},[50,46126,8321],{"class":94},[50,46128,98],{"class":64},[50,46130,811],{"class":604},[50,46132,46133],{"class":608},"Enter your city: ",[50,46135,811],{"class":604},[50,46137,8711],{"class":64},[50,46139,8714],{"class":101},[50,46141,8722],{"class":64},[50,46143,46144,46146,46148,46150,46153,46155,46157,46159],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,46145,118],{"class":94},[50,46147,98],{"class":64},[50,46149,811],{"class":604},[50,46151,46152],{"class":608},"City:",[50,46154,811],{"class":604},[50,46156,72],{"class":64},[50,46158,31454],{"class":101},[50,46160,105],{"class":64},[20,46162,46110,46163,819],{},[15,46164,29850],{},[41,46166,46168],{"className":43,"code":46167,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"try:\n    age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n    print(\"You will be\", age + 1, \"next year\")\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Please enter a whole number.\")\n",[15,46169,46170,46176,46199,46231,46239],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,46171,46172,46174],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,46173,29872],{"class":3957},[50,46175,6470],{"class":64},[50,46177,46178,46181,46183,46185,46187,46189,46191,46193,46195,46197],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,46179,46180],{"class":56},"    age ",[50,46182,61],{"class":60},[50,46184,45346],{"class":557},[50,46186,98],{"class":64},[50,46188,42531],{"class":94},[50,46190,98],{"class":64},[50,46192,811],{"class":604},[50,46194,45250],{"class":608},[50,46196,811],{"class":604},[50,46198,478],{"class":64},[50,46200,46201,46203,46205,46207,46210,46212,46214,46216,46218,46220,46222,46224,46227,46229],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,46202,8148],{"class":94},[50,46204,98],{"class":64},[50,46206,811],{"class":604},[50,46208,46209],{"class":608},"You will be",[50,46211,811],{"class":604},[50,46213,72],{"class":64},[50,46215,45528],{"class":101},[50,46217,2161],{"class":60},[50,46219,75],{"class":68},[50,46221,72],{"class":64},[50,46223,700],{"class":604},[50,46225,46226],{"class":608},"next year",[50,46228,811],{"class":604},[50,46230,105],{"class":64},[50,46232,46233,46235,46237],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,46234,29903],{"class":3957},[50,46236,41996],{"class":557},[50,46238,6470],{"class":64},[50,46240,46241,46243,46245,46247,46250,46252],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,46242,8148],{"class":94},[50,46244,98],{"class":64},[50,46246,811],{"class":604},[50,46248,46249],{"class":608},"Please enter a whole number.",[50,46251,811],{"class":604},[50,46253,105],{"class":64},[20,46255,46256],{},"This prevents the program from crashing when the user enters invalid text.",[20,46258,46259,46260,425],{},"If you are new to interactive programs, see ",[421,46261,46263],{"href":46262},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-user-input-in-python\u002F","how to get user input in Python",[44986,46265],{},[36,46267,1743],{"id":1742},[20,46269,46270,46271,819],{},"These are the most common causes of problems when using ",[15,46272,3055],{},[158,46274,46275,46282,46285,46288],{},[161,46276,46277,46278,2976,46280],{},"Treating user input as a number without using ",[15,46279,2975],{},[15,46281,2982],{},[161,46283,46284],{},"Concatenating strings and numbers together incorrectly",[161,46286,46287],{},"Entering non-numeric text when the program expects a number",[161,46289,46290],{},"Assuming pressing Enter gives a number instead of an empty string",[20,46292,32152],{},[41,46294,46296],{"className":43,"code":46295,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,46297,46298,46308,46322],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,46299,46300,46302,46304,46306],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,46301,118],{"class":94},[50,46303,98],{"class":64},[50,46305,2570],{"class":101},[50,46307,105],{"class":64},[50,46309,46310,46312,46314,46316,46318,46320],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,46311,118],{"class":94},[50,46313,98],{"class":64},[50,46315,558],{"class":557},[50,46317,98],{"class":64},[50,46319,2570],{"class":101},[50,46321,478],{"class":64},[50,46323,46324,46326,46328,46330,46332,46334],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,46325,118],{"class":94},[50,46327,98],{"class":64},[50,46329,41849],{"class":94},[50,46331,98],{"class":64},[50,46333,2570],{"class":101},[50,46335,478],{"class":64},[20,46337,46338,46339,46341],{},"These help you inspect what ",[15,46340,3055],{}," actually returned:",[158,46343,46344,46349,46354],{},[161,46345,46346,46348],{},[15,46347,41897],{}," shows the value",[161,46350,46351,46353],{},[15,46352,41903],{}," shows the data type",[161,46355,46356,46358],{},[15,46357,41908],{}," shows hidden spaces and special characters",[20,46360,1602],{},[41,46362,46364],{"className":43,"code":46363,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,46365,46366,46385,46395,46409],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,46367,46368,46370,46372,46374,46376,46378,46381,46383],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,46369,2544],{"class":56},[50,46371,61],{"class":60},[50,46373,8321],{"class":94},[50,46375,98],{"class":64},[50,46377,811],{"class":604},[50,46379,46380],{"class":608},"Enter something: ",[50,46382,811],{"class":604},[50,46384,105],{"class":64},[50,46386,46387,46389,46391,46393],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,46388,118],{"class":94},[50,46390,98],{"class":64},[50,46392,2570],{"class":101},[50,46394,105],{"class":64},[50,46396,46397,46399,46401,46403,46405,46407],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,46398,118],{"class":94},[50,46400,98],{"class":64},[50,46402,558],{"class":557},[50,46404,98],{"class":64},[50,46406,2570],{"class":101},[50,46408,478],{"class":64},[50,46410,46411,46413,46415,46417,46419,46421],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,46412,118],{"class":94},[50,46414,98],{"class":64},[50,46416,41849],{"class":94},[50,46418,98],{"class":64},[50,46420,2570],{"class":101},[50,46422,478],{"class":64},[44986,46424],{},[36,46426,1913],{"id":1912},[222,46428,1917,46430,46432],{"id":46429},"does-input-return-an-integer",[15,46431,3055],{}," return an integer?",[20,46434,46435,46436,46438,46439,39998],{},"No. ",[15,46437,3055],{}," always returns a string. Convert it with ",[15,46440,2975],{},[222,46442,46444,46445,1943],{"id":46443},"is-the-prompt-required-in-input","Is the prompt required in ",[15,46446,3055],{},[20,46448,46449,46450,46452],{},"No. You can call ",[15,46451,3055],{}," with no prompt, but prompts help users know what to type.",[222,46454,1963,46456,46459,46460,1943],{"id":46455},"why-does-2-3-not-work-correctly-with-input",[15,46457,46458],{},"2 + 3"," not work correctly with ",[15,46461,3055],{},[20,46463,29131,46464,46466,46467,42225,46469,46471],{},[15,46465,3055],{}," returns strings. ",[15,46468,45776],{},[15,46470,45780],{}," unless you convert both values to numbers.",[222,46473,46475],{"id":46474},"how-do-i-remove-spaces-from-input","How do I remove spaces from input?",[20,46477,920,46478,46480,46481,425],{},[15,46479,46040],{}," on the returned string, such as ",[15,46482,46483],{},"input(\"Name: \").strip()",[44986,46485],{},[36,46487,1975],{"id":1974},[158,46489,46490,46495,46499,46505,46511,46515],{},[161,46491,46492],{},[421,46493,46494],{"href":46262},"How to get user input in Python",[161,46496,46497],{},[421,46498,9138],{"href":9060},[161,46500,46501],{},[421,46502,13,46503,1461],{"href":2972},[15,46504,2975],{},[161,46506,46507],{},[421,46508,13,46509,1461],{"href":2979},[15,46510,2982],{},[161,46512,46513],{},[421,46514,45987],{"href":45986},[161,46516,46517],{},[421,46518,13,46520,1461],{"href":46519},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained\u002F",[15,46521,46522],{},"print()",[2018,46524,46525],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":46527},[46528,46529,46531,46532,46534,46540,46548,46549,46550,46559],{"id":2104,"depth":86,"text":2105},{"id":44990,"depth":86,"text":46530},"What input() does",{"id":180,"depth":86,"text":181},{"id":45219,"depth":86,"text":46533},"What input() returns",{"id":45422,"depth":86,"text":45423,"children":46535},[46536,46537,46539],{"id":45426,"depth":108,"text":45427},{"id":45479,"depth":108,"text":46538},"Ask for age and convert it with int()",{"id":45550,"depth":108,"text":45551},{"id":45785,"depth":86,"text":45786,"children":46541},[46542,46544,46545,46547],{"id":45794,"depth":108,"text":46543},"Forgetting that input() returns a string",{"id":45862,"depth":108,"text":45863},{"id":45937,"depth":108,"text":46546},"Getting ValueError when converting invalid text to int()",{"id":45990,"depth":108,"text":45991},{"id":46082,"depth":86,"text":46083},{"id":1742,"depth":86,"text":1743},{"id":1912,"depth":86,"text":1913,"children":46551},[46552,46554,46556,46558],{"id":46429,"depth":108,"text":46553},"Does input() return an integer?",{"id":46443,"depth":108,"text":46555},"Is the prompt required in input()?",{"id":46455,"depth":108,"text":46557},"Why does 2 + 3 not work correctly with input()?",{"id":46474,"depth":108,"text":46475},{"id":1974,"depth":86,"text":1975},"Master python input function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained",{"title":42264,"description":46560},"reference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained","mgCYTLqY7_xdXYb-uIqvqqWNrZiPlmc9q8zaEr1fEyw",{"id":46567,"title":42166,"body":46568,"description":48880,"extension":2064,"meta":48881,"navigation":111,"path":48882,"seo":48883,"stem":48884,"__hash__":48885},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":46569,"toc":48832},[46570,46575,46580,46585,46606,46609,46611,46671,46673,46692,46697,46702,46707,46709,46722,46724,46807,46809,46850,46856,46858,46888,46894,46897,46914,46916,46968,46970,46988,46994,47000,47003,47021,47023,47096,47098,47117,47124,47130,47135,47138,47198,47200,47219,47222,47225,47240,47246,47250,47311,47313,47334,47338,47467,47469,47599,47609,47615,47621,47629,47695,47697,47722,47725,47742,47755,47761,47764,47797,47799,47812,47815,47858,47860,47868,47875,47879,47886,47890,47917,47919,47927,47933,47950,47955,47959,47986,47988,47996,48000,48005,48008,48034,48037,48046,48054,48058,48068,48072,48075,48077,48128,48130,48160,48170,48197,48199,48207,48217,48221,48224,48226,48274,48276,48320,48326,48377,48379,48398,48403,48408,48411,48430,48433,48485,48487,48496,48498,48502,48506,48509,48518,48525,48527,48554,48558,48560,48569,48572,48579,48584,48644,48648,48650,48658,48661,48687,48693,48696,48716,48718,48727,48735,48737,48743,48748,48755,48765,48771,48779,48783,48786,48788,48829],[10,46571,13,46573,18],{"id":46572},"python-int-function-explained",[15,46574,2975],{},[20,46576,32387,46577,46579],{},[15,46578,2975],{}," function converts a value into an integer.",[20,46581,35475,46582,46584],{},[15,46583,2975],{}," when they want to:",[158,46586,46587,46597,46600,46603],{},[161,46588,46589,46590,46593,46594],{},"turn text like ",[15,46591,46592],{},"\"42\""," into the number ",[15,46595,46596],{},"42",[161,46598,46599],{},"convert user input into a whole number",[161,46601,46602],{},"remove the decimal part from a float",[161,46604,46605],{},"read numbers written in binary or hexadecimal",[20,46607,46608],{},"It is a built-in function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[36,46610,2105],{"id":2104},[41,46612,46614],{"className":43,"code":46613,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(int(\"42\"))\nprint(int(3.9))\nprint(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,46615,46616,46634,46648],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,46617,46618,46620,46622,46624,46626,46628,46630,46632],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,46619,118],{"class":94},[50,46621,98],{"class":64},[50,46623,2288],{"class":557},[50,46625,98],{"class":64},[50,46627,811],{"class":604},[50,46629,46596],{"class":608},[50,46631,811],{"class":604},[50,46633,478],{"class":64},[50,46635,46636,46638,46640,46642,46644,46646],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,46637,118],{"class":94},[50,46639,98],{"class":64},[50,46641,2288],{"class":557},[50,46643,98],{"class":64},[50,46645,42054],{"class":68},[50,46647,478],{"class":64},[50,46649,46650,46652,46654,46656,46658,46660,46663,46665,46667,46669],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,46651,118],{"class":94},[50,46653,98],{"class":64},[50,46655,2288],{"class":557},[50,46657,98],{"class":64},[50,46659,811],{"class":604},[50,46661,46662],{"class":608},"101",[50,46664,811],{"class":604},[50,46666,72],{"class":64},[50,46668,80],{"class":68},[50,46670,478],{"class":64},[20,46672,353],{},[41,46674,46676],{"className":43,"code":46675,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"42\n3\n5\n",[15,46677,46678,46683,46688],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,46679,46680],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,46681,46682],{"class":68},"42\n",[50,46684,46685],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,46686,46687],{"class":68},"3\n",[50,46689,46690],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,46691,3044],{"class":68},[20,46693,920,46694,46696],{},[15,46695,2975],{}," to convert a number-like value to an integer. Strings must contain a valid whole number unless you also provide a base.",[36,46698,153,46700,156],{"id":46699},"what-int-does",[15,46701,2975],{},[20,46703,46704,46706],{},[15,46705,2975],{}," converts a value into an integer.",[20,46708,13125],{},[158,46710,46711,46716,46719],{},[161,46712,46713,46714,7419],{},"It can turn strings, floats, and booleans into ",[15,46715,2288],{},[161,46717,46718],{},"It returns a new integer value.",[161,46720,46721],{},"It does not change the original object.",[20,46723,1602],{},[41,46725,46727],{"className":43,"code":46726,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"25\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,46728,46729,46741,46755,46759,46769,46779,46793],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,46730,46731,46733,46735,46737,46739],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,46732,695],{"class":56},[50,46734,61],{"class":60},[50,46736,700],{"class":604},[50,46738,9273],{"class":608},[50,46740,705],{"class":604},[50,46742,46743,46745,46747,46749,46751,46753],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,46744,2316],{"class":56},[50,46746,61],{"class":60},[50,46748,45346],{"class":557},[50,46750,98],{"class":64},[50,46752,718],{"class":101},[50,46754,105],{"class":64},[50,46756,46757],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,46758,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,46760,46761,46763,46765,46767],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,46762,118],{"class":94},[50,46764,98],{"class":64},[50,46766,718],{"class":101},[50,46768,105],{"class":64},[50,46770,46771,46773,46775,46777],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,46772,118],{"class":94},[50,46774,98],{"class":64},[50,46776,2338],{"class":101},[50,46778,105],{"class":64},[50,46780,46781,46783,46785,46787,46789,46791],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,46782,118],{"class":94},[50,46784,98],{"class":64},[50,46786,558],{"class":557},[50,46788,98],{"class":64},[50,46790,718],{"class":101},[50,46792,478],{"class":64},[50,46794,46795,46797,46799,46801,46803,46805],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,46796,118],{"class":94},[50,46798,98],{"class":64},[50,46800,558],{"class":557},[50,46802,98],{"class":64},[50,46804,2338],{"class":101},[50,46806,478],{"class":64},[20,46808,353],{},[41,46810,46812],{"className":43,"code":46811,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,46813,46814,46818,46822,46836],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,46815,46816],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,46817,2807],{"class":68},[50,46819,46820],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,46821,2807],{"class":68},[50,46823,46824,46826,46828,46830,46832,46834],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,46825,597],{"class":60},[50,46827,601],{"class":600},[50,46829,605],{"class":604},[50,46831,1395],{"class":608},[50,46833,611],{"class":604},[50,46835,614],{"class":60},[50,46837,46838,46840,46842,46844,46846,46848],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,46839,597],{"class":60},[50,46841,601],{"class":600},[50,46843,605],{"class":604},[50,46845,2288],{"class":608},[50,46847,611],{"class":604},[50,46849,614],{"class":60},[20,46851,46852,46853,46855],{},"The original string stays a string. ",[15,46854,2975],{}," creates a new integer from it.",[36,46857,181],{"id":180},[41,46859,46861],{"className":43,"code":46860,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"int(x)\nint(x, base)\n",[15,46862,46863,46873],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,46864,46865,46867,46869,46871],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,46866,2288],{"class":557},[50,46868,98],{"class":64},[50,46870,2273],{"class":101},[50,46872,105],{"class":64},[50,46874,46875,46877,46879,46881,46883,46886],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,46876,2288],{"class":557},[50,46878,98],{"class":64},[50,46880,2273],{"class":101},[50,46882,72],{"class":64},[50,46884,46885],{"class":101}," base",[50,46887,105],{"class":64},[222,46889,46891],{"id":46890},"intx",[15,46892,46893],{},"int(x)",[20,46895,46896],{},"Use this form when you want to convert a value like:",[158,46898,46899,46904,46909],{},[161,46900,46901,46902],{},"a string such as ",[15,46903,42196],{},[161,46905,46906,46907],{},"a float such as ",[15,46908,42054],{},[161,46910,46911,46912],{},"a boolean such as ",[15,46913,247],{},[20,46915,1602],{},[41,46917,46919],{"className":43,"code":46918,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(int(\"10\"))\nprint(int(8.7))\nprint(int(True))\n",[15,46920,46921,46939,46954],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,46922,46923,46925,46927,46929,46931,46933,46935,46937],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,46924,118],{"class":94},[50,46926,98],{"class":64},[50,46928,2288],{"class":557},[50,46930,98],{"class":64},[50,46932,811],{"class":604},[50,46934,1618],{"class":608},[50,46936,811],{"class":604},[50,46938,478],{"class":64},[50,46940,46941,46943,46945,46947,46949,46952],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,46942,118],{"class":94},[50,46944,98],{"class":64},[50,46946,2288],{"class":557},[50,46948,98],{"class":64},[50,46950,46951],{"class":68},"8.7",[50,46953,478],{"class":64},[50,46955,46956,46958,46960,46962,46964,46966],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,46957,118],{"class":94},[50,46959,98],{"class":64},[50,46961,2288],{"class":557},[50,46963,98],{"class":64},[50,46965,247],{"class":207},[50,46967,478],{"class":64},[20,46969,353],{},[41,46971,46973],{"className":43,"code":46972,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"10\n8\n1\n",[15,46974,46975,46979,46983],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,46976,46977],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,46978,2473],{"class":68},[50,46980,46981],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,46982,2478],{"class":68},[50,46984,46985],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,46986,46987],{"class":68},"1\n",[222,46989,46991],{"id":46990},"intx-base",[15,46992,46993],{},"int(x, base)",[20,46995,46996,46997,46999],{},"Use this form when ",[15,46998,2273],{}," is a string that represents a number in another base.",[20,47001,47002],{},"Common bases:",[158,47004,47005,47010,47015],{},[161,47006,47007,47009],{},[15,47008,1564],{}," for binary",[161,47011,47012,47014],{},[15,47013,2442],{}," for octal",[161,47016,47017,47020],{},[15,47018,47019],{},"16"," for hexadecimal",[20,47022,1602],{},[41,47024,47026],{"className":43,"code":47025,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\nprint(int(\"17\", 8))\nprint(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,47027,47028,47050,47073],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,47029,47030,47032,47034,47036,47038,47040,47042,47044,47046,47048],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,47031,118],{"class":94},[50,47033,98],{"class":64},[50,47035,2288],{"class":557},[50,47037,98],{"class":64},[50,47039,811],{"class":604},[50,47041,46662],{"class":608},[50,47043,811],{"class":604},[50,47045,72],{"class":64},[50,47047,80],{"class":68},[50,47049,478],{"class":64},[50,47051,47052,47054,47056,47058,47060,47062,47065,47067,47069,47071],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,47053,118],{"class":94},[50,47055,98],{"class":64},[50,47057,2288],{"class":557},[50,47059,98],{"class":64},[50,47061,811],{"class":604},[50,47063,47064],{"class":608},"17",[50,47066,811],{"class":604},[50,47068,72],{"class":64},[50,47070,299],{"class":68},[50,47072,478],{"class":64},[50,47074,47075,47077,47079,47081,47083,47085,47088,47090,47092,47094],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,47076,118],{"class":94},[50,47078,98],{"class":64},[50,47080,2288],{"class":557},[50,47082,98],{"class":64},[50,47084,811],{"class":604},[50,47086,47087],{"class":608},"1A",[50,47089,811],{"class":604},[50,47091,72],{"class":64},[50,47093,14060],{"class":68},[50,47095,478],{"class":64},[20,47097,353],{},[41,47099,47101],{"className":43,"code":47100,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"5\n15\n26\n",[15,47102,47103,47107,47112],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,47104,47105],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,47106,3044],{"class":68},[50,47108,47109],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,47110,47111],{"class":68},"15\n",[50,47113,47114],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,47115,47116],{"class":68},"26\n",[20,47118,47119,47120,425],{},"If you want to compare integer conversion with decimal conversion, see the ",[421,47121,47122,1596],{"href":2979},[15,47123,2982],{},[36,47125,914,47127,47129],{"id":47126},"using-int-with-strings",[15,47128,2975],{}," with strings",[20,47131,47132,47134],{},[15,47133,2975],{}," works with strings that contain a valid integer.",[20,47136,47137],{},"Examples that work:",[41,47139,47141],{"className":43,"code":47140,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(int(\"5\"))\nprint(int(\"-12\"))\nprint(int(\"  42  \"))\n",[15,47142,47143,47161,47179],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,47144,47145,47147,47149,47151,47153,47155,47157,47159],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,47146,118],{"class":94},[50,47148,98],{"class":64},[50,47150,2288],{"class":557},[50,47152,98],{"class":64},[50,47154,811],{"class":604},[50,47156,290],{"class":608},[50,47158,811],{"class":604},[50,47160,478],{"class":64},[50,47162,47163,47165,47167,47169,47171,47173,47175,47177],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,47164,118],{"class":94},[50,47166,98],{"class":64},[50,47168,2288],{"class":557},[50,47170,98],{"class":64},[50,47172,811],{"class":604},[50,47174,2390],{"class":608},[50,47176,811],{"class":604},[50,47178,478],{"class":64},[50,47180,47181,47183,47185,47187,47189,47191,47194,47196],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,47182,118],{"class":94},[50,47184,98],{"class":64},[50,47186,2288],{"class":557},[50,47188,98],{"class":64},[50,47190,811],{"class":604},[50,47192,47193],{"class":608},"  42  ",[50,47195,811],{"class":604},[50,47197,478],{"class":64},[20,47199,353],{},[41,47201,47203],{"className":43,"code":47202,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"5\n-12\n42\n",[15,47204,47205,47209,47215],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,47206,47207],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,47208,3044],{"class":68},[50,47210,47211,47213],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,47212,2124],{"class":60},[50,47214,2324],{"class":68},[50,47216,47217],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,47218,46682],{"class":68},[20,47220,47221],{},"This works because each string contains valid whole-number text. Leading and trailing spaces are usually allowed.",[20,47223,47224],{},"Examples that fail:",[41,47226,47228],{"className":43,"code":47227,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[15,47229,47230,47235],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,47231,47232],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,47233,47234],{"class":129},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n",[50,47236,47237],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,47238,47239],{"class":129},"# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[20,47241,47242,47243,47245],{},"These raise ",[15,47244,40773],{}," because the strings are not valid integer text.",[222,47247,47249],{"id":47248},"valid-string-examples","Valid string examples",[41,47251,47253],{"className":43,"code":47252,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(int(\"0\"))\nprint(int(\"+7\"))\nprint(int(\"-100\"))\n",[15,47254,47255,47273,47292],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,47256,47257,47259,47261,47263,47265,47267,47269,47271],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,47258,118],{"class":94},[50,47260,98],{"class":64},[50,47262,2288],{"class":557},[50,47264,98],{"class":64},[50,47266,811],{"class":604},[50,47268,2220],{"class":608},[50,47270,811],{"class":604},[50,47272,478],{"class":64},[50,47274,47275,47277,47279,47281,47283,47285,47288,47290],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,47276,118],{"class":94},[50,47278,98],{"class":64},[50,47280,2288],{"class":557},[50,47282,98],{"class":64},[50,47284,811],{"class":604},[50,47286,47287],{"class":608},"+7",[50,47289,811],{"class":604},[50,47291,478],{"class":64},[50,47293,47294,47296,47298,47300,47302,47304,47307,47309],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,47295,118],{"class":94},[50,47297,98],{"class":64},[50,47299,2288],{"class":557},[50,47301,98],{"class":64},[50,47303,811],{"class":604},[50,47305,47306],{"class":608},"-100",[50,47308,811],{"class":604},[50,47310,478],{"class":64},[20,47312,353],{},[41,47314,47316],{"className":43,"code":47315,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"0\n7\n-100\n",[15,47317,47318,47323,47327],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,47319,47320],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,47321,47322],{"class":68},"0\n",[50,47324,47325],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,47326,2180],{"class":68},[50,47328,47329,47331],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,47330,2124],{"class":60},[50,47332,47333],{"class":68},"100\n",[222,47335,47337],{"id":47336},"invalid-string-examples","Invalid string examples",[41,47339,47341],{"className":43,"code":47340,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"values = [\"3.14\", \"12abc\", \"\", \"seven\"]\n\nfor value in values:\n    try:\n        print(int(value))\n    except ValueError as error:\n        print(f\"{value!r} -> {error}\")\n",[15,47342,47343,47381,47385,47397,47404,47419,47434],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,47344,47345,47347,47349,47351,47353,47355,47357,47359,47361,47364,47366,47368,47370,47372,47374,47377,47379],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,47346,516],{"class":56},[50,47348,61],{"class":60},[50,47350,65],{"class":64},[50,47352,811],{"class":604},[50,47354,40212],{"class":608},[50,47356,811],{"class":604},[50,47358,72],{"class":64},[50,47360,700],{"class":604},[50,47362,47363],{"class":608},"12abc",[50,47365,811],{"class":604},[50,47367,72],{"class":64},[50,47369,6204],{"class":604},[50,47371,72],{"class":64},[50,47373,700],{"class":604},[50,47375,47376],{"class":608},"seven",[50,47378,811],{"class":604},[50,47380,83],{"class":64},[50,47382,47383],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,47384,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,47386,47387,47389,47391,47393,47395],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,47388,6035],{"class":3957},[50,47390,21653],{"class":56},[50,47392,3964],{"class":3957},[50,47394,3967],{"class":56},[50,47396,6470],{"class":64},[50,47398,47399,47402],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,47400,47401],{"class":3957},"    try",[50,47403,6470],{"class":64},[50,47405,47406,47409,47411,47413,47415,47417],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,47407,47408],{"class":94},"        print",[50,47410,98],{"class":64},[50,47412,2288],{"class":557},[50,47414,98],{"class":64},[50,47416,2570],{"class":101},[50,47418,478],{"class":64},[50,47420,47421,47424,47426,47429,47432],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,47422,47423],{"class":3957},"    except",[50,47425,41996],{"class":557},[50,47427,47428],{"class":3957}," as",[50,47430,47431],{"class":56}," error",[50,47433,6470],{"class":64},[50,47435,47436,47438,47440,47442,47444,47446,47448,47451,47453,47456,47458,47461,47463,47465],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,47437,47408],{"class":94},[50,47439,98],{"class":64},[50,47441,22363],{"class":600},[50,47443,811],{"class":608},[50,47445,9357],{"class":68},[50,47447,2570],{"class":101},[50,47449,47450],{"class":600},"!r",[50,47452,22372],{"class":68},[50,47454,47455],{"class":608}," -> ",[50,47457,9357],{"class":68},[50,47459,47460],{"class":101},"error",[50,47462,22372],{"class":68},[50,47464,811],{"class":608},[50,47466,105],{"class":64},[20,47468,353],{},[41,47470,47472],{"className":43,"code":47471,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"'3.14' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n'12abc' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '12abc'\n'' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: ''\n'seven' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'seven'\n",[15,47473,47474,47510,47542,47567],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,47475,47476,47478,47480,47482,47485,47488,47490,47492,47494,47497,47500,47502,47504,47506,47508],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,47477,611],{"class":43397},[50,47479,40212],{"class":43401},[50,47481,611],{"class":43397},[50,47483,47484],{"class":37436}," ->",[50,47486,47487],{"class":56}," invalid literal ",[50,47489,6035],{"class":3957},[50,47491,45346],{"class":557},[50,47493,7445],{"class":64},[50,47495,47496],{"class":3957}," with",[50,47498,47499],{"class":56}," base ",[50,47501,1618],{"class":68},[50,47503,819],{"class":64},[50,47505,605],{"class":604},[50,47507,40212],{"class":608},[50,47509,29768],{"class":604},[50,47511,47512,47514,47516,47518,47520,47522,47524,47526,47528,47530,47532,47534,47536,47538,47540],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,47513,611],{"class":604},[50,47515,47363],{"class":608},[50,47517,611],{"class":604},[50,47519,47484],{"class":37436},[50,47521,47487],{"class":56},[50,47523,6035],{"class":3957},[50,47525,45346],{"class":557},[50,47527,7445],{"class":64},[50,47529,47496],{"class":3957},[50,47531,47499],{"class":56},[50,47533,1618],{"class":68},[50,47535,819],{"class":64},[50,47537,605],{"class":604},[50,47539,47363],{"class":608},[50,47541,29768],{"class":604},[50,47543,47544,47546,47548,47550,47552,47554,47556,47558,47560,47562,47564],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,47545,3855],{"class":604},[50,47547,47484],{"class":37436},[50,47549,47487],{"class":56},[50,47551,6035],{"class":3957},[50,47553,45346],{"class":557},[50,47555,7445],{"class":64},[50,47557,47496],{"class":3957},[50,47559,47499],{"class":56},[50,47561,1618],{"class":68},[50,47563,819],{"class":64},[50,47565,47566],{"class":604}," ''\n",[50,47568,47569,47571,47573,47575,47577,47579,47581,47583,47585,47587,47589,47591,47593,47595,47597],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,47570,611],{"class":604},[50,47572,47376],{"class":608},[50,47574,611],{"class":604},[50,47576,47484],{"class":37436},[50,47578,47487],{"class":56},[50,47580,6035],{"class":3957},[50,47582,45346],{"class":557},[50,47584,7445],{"class":64},[50,47586,47496],{"class":3957},[50,47588,47499],{"class":56},[50,47590,1618],{"class":68},[50,47592,819],{"class":64},[50,47594,605],{"class":604},[50,47596,47376],{"class":608},[50,47598,29768],{"class":604},[20,47600,47601,47602,47604,47605,425],{},"If you are working with user input, see ",[421,47603,9061],{"href":9060}," and the ",[421,47606,47607,1596],{"href":8298},[15,47608,3055],{},[36,47610,914,47612,47614],{"id":47611},"using-int-with-floats",[15,47613,2975],{}," with floats",[20,47616,47617,47618,47620],{},"When you pass a float to ",[15,47619,2975],{},", Python removes the decimal part.",[20,47622,47623,47624,14126,47626,47628],{},"Important: ",[15,47625,2975],{},[3824,47627,4709],{}," round. It truncates toward zero.",[41,47630,47632],{"className":43,"code":47631,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(int(3.9))\nprint(int(3.1))\nprint(int(-3.9))\nprint(int(-3.1))\n",[15,47633,47634,47648,47663,47679],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,47635,47636,47638,47640,47642,47644,47646],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,47637,118],{"class":94},[50,47639,98],{"class":64},[50,47641,2288],{"class":557},[50,47643,98],{"class":64},[50,47645,42054],{"class":68},[50,47647,478],{"class":64},[50,47649,47650,47652,47654,47656,47658,47661],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,47651,118],{"class":94},[50,47653,98],{"class":64},[50,47655,2288],{"class":557},[50,47657,98],{"class":64},[50,47659,47660],{"class":68},"3.1",[50,47662,478],{"class":64},[50,47664,47665,47667,47669,47671,47673,47675,47677],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,47666,118],{"class":94},[50,47668,98],{"class":64},[50,47670,2288],{"class":557},[50,47672,98],{"class":64},[50,47674,2124],{"class":60},[50,47676,42054],{"class":68},[50,47678,478],{"class":64},[50,47680,47681,47683,47685,47687,47689,47691,47693],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,47682,118],{"class":94},[50,47684,98],{"class":64},[50,47686,2288],{"class":557},[50,47688,98],{"class":64},[50,47690,2124],{"class":60},[50,47692,47660],{"class":68},[50,47694,478],{"class":64},[20,47696,353],{},[41,47698,47700],{"className":43,"code":47699,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"3\n3\n-3\n-3\n",[15,47701,47702,47706,47710,47716],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,47703,47704],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,47705,46687],{"class":68},[50,47707,47708],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,47709,46687],{"class":68},[50,47711,47712,47714],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,47713,2124],{"class":60},[50,47715,46687],{"class":68},[50,47717,47718,47720],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,47719,2124],{"class":60},[50,47721,46687],{"class":68},[20,47723,47724],{},"This behavior matters with negative numbers.",[158,47726,47727,47734],{},[161,47728,47729,42225,47732],{},[15,47730,47731],{},"int(3.9)",[15,47733,69],{},[161,47735,47736,42225,47739],{},[15,47737,47738],{},"int(-3.9)",[15,47740,47741],{},"-3",[20,47743,47744,47745,47749,47750,425],{},"If you want decimal conversion instead, use ",[421,47746,47747],{"href":2979},[15,47748,2982],{},". If you want text conversion, use ",[421,47751,47752],{"href":42245},[15,47753,47754],{},"str()",[36,47756,914,47758,47760],{"id":47757},"using-int-with-booleans",[15,47759,2975],{}," with booleans",[20,47762,47763],{},"Booleans can also be converted to integers.",[41,47765,47767],{"className":43,"code":47766,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(int(True))\nprint(int(False))\n",[15,47768,47769,47783],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,47770,47771,47773,47775,47777,47779,47781],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,47772,118],{"class":94},[50,47774,98],{"class":64},[50,47776,2288],{"class":557},[50,47778,98],{"class":64},[50,47780,247],{"class":207},[50,47782,478],{"class":64},[50,47784,47785,47787,47789,47791,47793,47795],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,47786,118],{"class":94},[50,47788,98],{"class":64},[50,47790,2288],{"class":557},[50,47792,98],{"class":64},[50,47794,218],{"class":207},[50,47796,478],{"class":64},[20,47798,353],{},[41,47800,47802],{"className":43,"code":47801,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"1\n0\n",[15,47803,47804,47808],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,47805,47806],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,47807,46987],{"class":68},[50,47809,47810],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,47811,47322],{"class":68},[20,47813,47814],{},"This can be useful in simple counting logic:",[41,47816,47818],{"className":43,"code":47817,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"passed = True\ntotal = int(passed)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,47819,47820,47829,47844,47848],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,47821,47822,47825,47827],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,47823,47824],{"class":56},"passed ",[50,47826,61],{"class":60},[50,47828,6500],{"class":207},[50,47830,47831,47833,47835,47837,47839,47842],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,47832,41252],{"class":56},[50,47834,61],{"class":60},[50,47836,45346],{"class":557},[50,47838,98],{"class":64},[50,47840,47841],{"class":101},"passed",[50,47843,105],{"class":64},[50,47845,47846],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,47847,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,47849,47850,47852,47854,47856],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,47851,118],{"class":94},[50,47853,98],{"class":64},[50,47855,41281],{"class":101},[50,47857,105],{"class":64},[20,47859,353],{},[41,47861,47862],{"className":43,"code":46987,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,47863,47864],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,47865,47866],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,47867,46987],{"class":68},[20,47869,47870,47871,425],{},"If you want to learn more about boolean values, see the ",[421,47872,47873,1596],{"href":5858},[15,47874,3894],{},[36,47876,47878],{"id":47877},"using-the-base-argument","Using the base argument",[20,47880,47881,47882,47885],{},"Use the ",[15,47883,47884],{},"base"," argument when a string represents a number in a different number system.",[222,47887,47889],{"id":47888},"binary-example","Binary example",[41,47891,47893],{"className":43,"code":47892,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,47894,47895],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,47896,47897,47899,47901,47903,47905,47907,47909,47911,47913,47915],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,47898,118],{"class":94},[50,47900,98],{"class":64},[50,47902,2288],{"class":557},[50,47904,98],{"class":64},[50,47906,811],{"class":604},[50,47908,46662],{"class":608},[50,47910,811],{"class":604},[50,47912,72],{"class":64},[50,47914,80],{"class":68},[50,47916,478],{"class":64},[20,47918,353],{},[41,47920,47921],{"className":43,"code":3044,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,47922,47923],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,47924,47925],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,47926,3044],{"class":68},[20,47928,47929,47932],{},[15,47930,47931],{},"\"101\""," in binary means:",[158,47934,47935,47940,47945],{},[161,47936,47937],{},[15,47938,47939],{},"1 × 4",[161,47941,47942],{},[15,47943,47944],{},"0 × 2",[161,47946,47947],{},[15,47948,47949],{},"1 × 1",[20,47951,47952,47953,425],{},"So the result is ",[15,47954,290],{},[222,47956,47958],{"id":47957},"hexadecimal-example","Hexadecimal example",[41,47960,47962],{"className":43,"code":47961,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,47963,47964],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,47965,47966,47968,47970,47972,47974,47976,47978,47980,47982,47984],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,47967,118],{"class":94},[50,47969,98],{"class":64},[50,47971,2288],{"class":557},[50,47973,98],{"class":64},[50,47975,811],{"class":604},[50,47977,47087],{"class":608},[50,47979,811],{"class":604},[50,47981,72],{"class":64},[50,47983,14060],{"class":68},[50,47985,478],{"class":64},[20,47987,353],{},[41,47989,47990],{"className":43,"code":47116,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,47991,47992],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,47993,47994],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,47995,47116],{"class":68},[222,47997,47999],{"id":47998},"important-rule","Important rule",[20,48001,1185,48002,48004],{},[15,48003,47884],{}," argument is for string-like input, not normal numeric values.",[20,48006,48007],{},"Good:",[41,48009,48010],{"className":43,"code":47892,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,48011,48012],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,48013,48014,48016,48018,48020,48022,48024,48026,48028,48030,48032],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,48015,118],{"class":94},[50,48017,98],{"class":64},[50,48019,2288],{"class":557},[50,48021,98],{"class":64},[50,48023,811],{"class":604},[50,48025,46662],{"class":608},[50,48027,811],{"class":604},[50,48029,72],{"class":64},[50,48031,80],{"class":68},[50,48033,478],{"class":64},[20,48035,48036],{},"Not correct:",[41,48038,48040],{"className":43,"code":48039,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"# int(101, 2)\n",[15,48041,48042],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,48043,48044],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,48045,48039],{"class":129},[20,48047,48048,48049,8681,48051,48053],{},"That causes a ",[15,48050,1542],{},[15,48052,47884],{}," should not be used with a normal integer value.",[36,48055,48057],{"id":48056},"what-errors-can-happen","What errors can happen",[20,48059,48060,48061,48063,48064,4472,48066,425],{},"Two common errors with ",[15,48062,2975],{}," are ",[15,48065,40773],{},[15,48067,1542],{},[222,48069,48070],{"id":41583},[15,48071,40773],{},[20,48073,48074],{},"This happens when a string is not a valid integer.",[20,48076,1602],{},[41,48078,48080],{"className":43,"code":48079,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"try:\n    print(int(\"3.14\"))\nexcept ValueError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48081,48082,48088,48106,48118],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,48083,48084,48086],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,48085,29872],{"class":3957},[50,48087,6470],{"class":64},[50,48089,48090,48092,48094,48096,48098,48100,48102,48104],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,48091,8148],{"class":94},[50,48093,98],{"class":64},[50,48095,2288],{"class":557},[50,48097,98],{"class":64},[50,48099,811],{"class":604},[50,48101,40212],{"class":608},[50,48103,811],{"class":604},[50,48105,478],{"class":64},[50,48107,48108,48110,48112,48114,48116],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,48109,29903],{"class":3957},[50,48111,41996],{"class":557},[50,48113,47428],{"class":3957},[50,48115,47431],{"class":56},[50,48117,6470],{"class":64},[50,48119,48120,48122,48124,48126],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,48121,8148],{"class":94},[50,48123,98],{"class":64},[50,48125,47460],{"class":101},[50,48127,105],{"class":64},[20,48129,353],{},[41,48131,48133],{"className":43,"code":48132,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n",[15,48134,48135],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,48136,48137,48140,48142,48144,48146,48148,48150,48152,48154,48156,48158],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,48138,48139],{"class":56},"invalid literal ",[50,48141,6035],{"class":3957},[50,48143,45346],{"class":557},[50,48145,7445],{"class":64},[50,48147,47496],{"class":3957},[50,48149,47499],{"class":56},[50,48151,1618],{"class":68},[50,48153,819],{"class":64},[50,48155,605],{"class":604},[50,48157,40212],{"class":608},[50,48159,29768],{"class":604},[20,48161,48162,48163,48166,48167,48169],{},"A decimal string like ",[15,48164,48165],{},"\"3.14\""," does not work directly with ",[15,48168,2975],{},". You need to convert it to a float first:",[41,48171,48173],{"className":43,"code":48172,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(int(float(\"3.14\")))\n",[15,48174,48175],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,48176,48177,48179,48181,48183,48185,48187,48189,48191,48193,48195],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,48178,118],{"class":94},[50,48180,98],{"class":64},[50,48182,2288],{"class":557},[50,48184,98],{"class":64},[50,48186,2291],{"class":557},[50,48188,98],{"class":64},[50,48190,811],{"class":604},[50,48192,40212],{"class":608},[50,48194,811],{"class":604},[50,48196,569],{"class":64},[20,48198,353],{},[41,48200,48201],{"className":43,"code":46687,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,48202,48203],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,48204,48205],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,48206,46687],{"class":68},[20,48208,48209,48210,4472,48213,425],{},"If you see this often, read ",[421,48211,48212],{"href":3059},"how to convert string to int in Python",[421,48214,25748,48215],{"href":45986},[15,48216,45987],{},[222,48218,48219],{"id":41649},[15,48220,1542],{},[20,48222,48223],{},"This can happen with unsupported input types.",[20,48225,1602],{},[41,48227,48229],{"className":43,"code":48228,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"try:\n    print(int(None))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48230,48231,48237,48251,48264],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,48232,48233,48235],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,48234,29872],{"class":3957},[50,48236,6470],{"class":64},[50,48238,48239,48241,48243,48245,48247,48249],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,48240,8148],{"class":94},[50,48242,98],{"class":64},[50,48244,2288],{"class":557},[50,48246,98],{"class":64},[50,48248,208],{"class":207},[50,48250,478],{"class":64},[50,48252,48253,48255,48258,48260,48262],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,48254,29903],{"class":3957},[50,48256,48257],{"class":557}," TypeError",[50,48259,47428],{"class":3957},[50,48261,47431],{"class":56},[50,48263,6470],{"class":64},[50,48265,48266,48268,48270,48272],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,48267,8148],{"class":94},[50,48269,98],{"class":64},[50,48271,47460],{"class":101},[50,48273,105],{"class":64},[20,48275,353],{},[41,48277,48279],{"className":43,"code":48278,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"int() argument must be a string, a bytes-like object or a real number, not 'NoneType'\n",[15,48280,48281],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,48282,48283,48285,48287,48290,48292,48294,48297,48299,48302,48304,48307,48309,48311,48313,48315,48318],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,48284,2288],{"class":557},[50,48286,7445],{"class":64},[50,48288,48289],{"class":56}," argument must be a string",[50,48291,72],{"class":64},[50,48293,44614],{"class":56},[50,48295,48296],{"class":557},"bytes",[50,48298,2124],{"class":60},[50,48300,48301],{"class":56},"like ",[50,48303,42467],{"class":557},[50,48305,48306],{"class":60}," or",[50,48308,40909],{"class":56},[50,48310,72],{"class":64},[50,48312,8178],{"class":60},[50,48314,605],{"class":604},[50,48316,48317],{"class":608},"NoneType",[50,48319,29768],{"class":604},[20,48321,48322,48323,48325],{},"Another example is using the ",[15,48324,47884],{}," argument with a non-string numeric value:",[41,48327,48329],{"className":43,"code":48328,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"try:\n    print(int(101, 2))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48330,48331,48337,48355,48367],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,48332,48333,48335],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,48334,29872],{"class":3957},[50,48336,6470],{"class":64},[50,48338,48339,48341,48343,48345,48347,48349,48351,48353],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,48340,8148],{"class":94},[50,48342,98],{"class":64},[50,48344,2288],{"class":557},[50,48346,98],{"class":64},[50,48348,46662],{"class":68},[50,48350,72],{"class":64},[50,48352,80],{"class":68},[50,48354,478],{"class":64},[50,48356,48357,48359,48361,48363,48365],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,48358,29903],{"class":3957},[50,48360,48257],{"class":557},[50,48362,47428],{"class":3957},[50,48364,47431],{"class":56},[50,48366,6470],{"class":64},[50,48368,48369,48371,48373,48375],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,48370,8148],{"class":94},[50,48372,98],{"class":64},[50,48374,47460],{"class":101},[50,48376,105],{"class":64},[20,48378,353],{},[41,48380,48382],{"className":43,"code":48381,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"int() can't convert non-string with explicit base\n",[15,48383,48384],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,48385,48386,48388,48390,48393,48395],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,48387,2288],{"class":557},[50,48389,7445],{"class":64},[50,48391,48392],{"class":56}," can",[50,48394,611],{"class":604},[50,48396,48397],{"class":608},"t convert non-string with explicit base\n",[36,48399,5040,48401],{"id":48400},"when-to-use-int",[15,48402,2975],{},[20,48404,920,48405,48407],{},[15,48406,2975],{}," when you need a whole number.",[20,48409,48410],{},"Common uses:",[158,48412,48413,48419,48422,48425],{},[161,48414,48415,48416,48418],{},"Convert user input from ",[15,48417,3055],{}," into integers",[161,48420,48421],{},"Turn float results into integers when truncation is acceptable",[161,48423,48424],{},"Parse numeric strings from files or APIs",[161,48426,48427,48428,36684],{},"Convert binary or hexadecimal strings with the ",[15,48429,47884],{},[20,48431,48432],{},"Example with user input:",[41,48434,48436],{"className":43,"code":48435,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"age_text = \"18\"\nage = int(age_text)\n\nprint(age + 1)\n",[15,48437,48438,48452,48467,48471],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,48439,48440,48443,48445,48447,48450],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,48441,48442],{"class":56},"age_text ",[50,48444,61],{"class":60},[50,48446,700],{"class":604},[50,48448,48449],{"class":608},"18",[50,48451,705],{"class":604},[50,48453,48454,48456,48458,48460,48462,48465],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,48455,21697],{"class":56},[50,48457,61],{"class":60},[50,48459,45346],{"class":557},[50,48461,98],{"class":64},[50,48463,48464],{"class":101},"age_text",[50,48466,105],{"class":64},[50,48468,48469],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,48470,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,48472,48473,48475,48477,48479,48481,48483],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,48474,118],{"class":94},[50,48476,98],{"class":64},[50,48478,21697],{"class":101},[50,48480,2161],{"class":60},[50,48482,75],{"class":68},[50,48484,105],{"class":64},[20,48486,353],{},[41,48488,48490],{"className":43,"code":48489,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"19\n",[15,48491,48492],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,48493,48494],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,48495,48489],{"class":68},[36,48497,1743],{"id":1742},[20,48499,14806,48500,425],{},[15,48501,2975],{},[222,48503,48505],{"id":48504},"passing-a-string-with-decimal-text","Passing a string with decimal text",[20,48507,48508],{},"This fails:",[41,48510,48512],{"className":43,"code":48511,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"# int(\"4.5\")\n",[15,48513,48514],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,48515,48516],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,48517,48511],{"class":129},[20,48519,48520,48521,48524],{},"Why: ",[15,48522,48523],{},"\"4.5\""," is not an integer string.",[20,48526,18910],{},[41,48528,48530],{"className":43,"code":48529,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(int(float(\"4.5\")))\n",[15,48531,48532],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,48533,48534,48536,48538,48540,48542,48544,48546,48548,48550,48552],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,48535,118],{"class":94},[50,48537,98],{"class":64},[50,48539,2288],{"class":557},[50,48541,98],{"class":64},[50,48543,2291],{"class":557},[50,48545,98],{"class":64},[50,48547,811],{"class":604},[50,48549,41193],{"class":608},[50,48551,811],{"class":604},[50,48553,569],{"class":64},[222,48555,48557],{"id":48556},"passing-text-with-letters","Passing text with letters",[20,48559,48508],{},[41,48561,48563],{"className":43,"code":48562,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"# int(\"12abc\")\n",[15,48564,48565],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,48566,48567],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,48568,48562],{"class":129},[20,48570,48571],{},"Why: the string contains non-numeric characters.",[222,48573,48575,48576],{"id":48574},"trying-intnone","Trying ",[15,48577,48578],{},"int(None)",[20,48580,1654,48581,48583],{},[15,48582,208],{}," is not a number or numeric string.",[41,48585,48587],{"className":43,"code":48586,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = None\n\ntry:\n    print(int(value))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48588,48589,48598,48602,48608,48622,48634],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,48590,48591,48593,48595],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,48592,2544],{"class":56},[50,48594,61],{"class":60},[50,48596,48597],{"class":207}," None\n",[50,48599,48600],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,48601,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,48603,48604,48606],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,48605,29872],{"class":3957},[50,48607,6470],{"class":64},[50,48609,48610,48612,48614,48616,48618,48620],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,48611,8148],{"class":94},[50,48613,98],{"class":64},[50,48615,2288],{"class":557},[50,48617,98],{"class":64},[50,48619,2570],{"class":101},[50,48621,478],{"class":64},[50,48623,48624,48626,48628,48630,48632],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,48625,29903],{"class":3957},[50,48627,48257],{"class":557},[50,48629,47428],{"class":3957},[50,48631,47431],{"class":56},[50,48633,6470],{"class":64},[50,48635,48636,48638,48640,48642],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,48637,8148],{"class":94},[50,48639,98],{"class":64},[50,48641,47460],{"class":101},[50,48643,105],{"class":64},[222,48645,48647],{"id":48646},"using-the-base-argument-with-a-non-string","Using the base argument with a non-string",[20,48649,48508],{},[41,48651,48652],{"className":43,"code":48039,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,48653,48654],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,48655,48656],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,48657,48039],{"class":129},[20,48659,48660],{},"Use a string instead:",[41,48662,48663],{"className":43,"code":47892,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,48664,48665],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,48666,48667,48669,48671,48673,48675,48677,48679,48681,48683,48685],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,48668,118],{"class":94},[50,48670,98],{"class":64},[50,48672,2288],{"class":557},[50,48674,98],{"class":64},[50,48676,811],{"class":604},[50,48678,46662],{"class":608},[50,48680,811],{"class":604},[50,48682,72],{"class":64},[50,48684,80],{"class":68},[50,48686,478],{"class":64},[222,48688,8532,48690,48692],{"id":48689},"expecting-int-to-round",[15,48691,2975],{}," to round",[20,48694,48695],{},"This is a very common misunderstanding.",[41,48697,48699],{"className":43,"code":48698,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(int(4.9))\n",[15,48700,48701],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,48702,48703,48705,48707,48709,48711,48714],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,48704,118],{"class":94},[50,48706,98],{"class":64},[50,48708,2288],{"class":557},[50,48710,98],{"class":64},[50,48712,48713],{"class":68},"4.9",[50,48715,478],{"class":64},[20,48717,353],{},[41,48719,48721],{"className":43,"code":48720,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"4\n",[15,48722,48723],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,48724,48725],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,48726,48720],{"class":68},[20,48728,3264,48729,48731,48732,48734],{},[15,48730,290],{},", remember that ",[15,48733,2975],{}," truncates. It does not round.",[36,48736,1913],{"id":1912},[222,48738,1917,48740,48742],{"id":48739},"does-int-round-numbers",[15,48741,2975],{}," round numbers?",[20,48744,46435,48745,48747],{},[15,48746,2975],{}," removes the decimal part. It does not round to the nearest whole number.",[222,48749,1963,48751,48754],{"id":48750},"why-does-int314-fail",[15,48752,48753],{},"int(\"3.14\")"," fail?",[20,48756,29131,48757,48759,48760,48762,48763,39998],{},[15,48758,48165],{}," is not an integer string. Convert it with ",[15,48761,2982],{}," first, then use ",[15,48764,2975],{},[222,48766,1927,48768,1930],{"id":48767},"what-does-inttrue-return",[15,48769,48770],{},"int(True)",[20,48772,5227,48773,28383,48775,42225,48777,425],{},[15,48774,366],{},[15,48776,218],{},[15,48778,2220],{},[222,48780,48782],{"id":48781},"when-should-i-use-the-base-argument","When should I use the base argument?",[20,48784,48785],{},"Use it when the input string is written in another base, such as binary or hexadecimal.",[36,48787,1975],{"id":1974},[158,48789,48790,48796,48802,48808,48813,48817,48823],{},[161,48791,48792],{},[421,48793,48794,1461],{"href":2979},[15,48795,2982],{},[161,48797,48798],{},[421,48799,48800,1461],{"href":42245},[15,48801,47754],{},[161,48803,48804],{},[421,48805,48806,1461],{"href":5858},[15,48807,3894],{},[161,48809,48810],{},[421,48811,48812],{"href":3059},"How to convert string to int in Python",[161,48814,48815],{},[421,48816,9138],{"href":9060},[161,48818,48819],{},[421,48820,48821,1461],{"href":8298},[15,48822,3055],{},[161,48824,48825],{},[421,48826,30416,48827],{"href":45986},[15,48828,45987],{},[2018,48830,48831],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":48833},[48834,48835,48837,48841,48846,48848,48850,48855,48859,48861,48870,48879],{"id":2104,"depth":86,"text":2105},{"id":46699,"depth":86,"text":48836},"What int() does",{"id":180,"depth":86,"text":181,"children":48838},[48839,48840],{"id":46890,"depth":108,"text":46893},{"id":46990,"depth":108,"text":46993},{"id":47126,"depth":86,"text":48842,"children":48843},"Using int() with strings",[48844,48845],{"id":47248,"depth":108,"text":47249},{"id":47336,"depth":108,"text":47337},{"id":47611,"depth":86,"text":48847},"Using int() with floats",{"id":47757,"depth":86,"text":48849},"Using int() with booleans",{"id":47877,"depth":86,"text":47878,"children":48851},[48852,48853,48854],{"id":47888,"depth":108,"text":47889},{"id":47957,"depth":108,"text":47958},{"id":47998,"depth":108,"text":47999},{"id":48056,"depth":86,"text":48057,"children":48856},[48857,48858],{"id":41583,"depth":108,"text":40773},{"id":41649,"depth":108,"text":1542},{"id":48400,"depth":86,"text":48860},"When to use int()",{"id":1742,"depth":86,"text":1743,"children":48862},[48863,48864,48865,48867,48868],{"id":48504,"depth":108,"text":48505},{"id":48556,"depth":108,"text":48557},{"id":48574,"depth":108,"text":48866},"Trying int(None)",{"id":48646,"depth":108,"text":48647},{"id":48689,"depth":108,"text":48869},"Expecting int() to round",{"id":1912,"depth":86,"text":1913,"children":48871},[48872,48874,48876,48878],{"id":48739,"depth":108,"text":48873},"Does int() round numbers?",{"id":48750,"depth":108,"text":48875},"Why does int(\"3.14\") fail?",{"id":48767,"depth":108,"text":48877},"What does int(True) return?",{"id":48781,"depth":108,"text":48782},{"id":1974,"depth":86,"text":1975},"Master python int function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained",{"title":42166,"description":48880},"reference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained","kWr352mNCnbYYS6Ka2UotgJ1vPfx2o66tzsvdXJo79A",{"id":48887,"title":48888,"body":48889,"description":50724,"extension":2064,"meta":50725,"navigation":111,"path":44872,"seo":50726,"stem":50727,"__hash__":50728},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained.md","Python isinstance() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":48890,"toc":50680},[48891,48896,48901,48909,48918,48920,48979,48985,48990,48995,48998,49025,49028,49031,49042,49052,49054,49056,49076,49080,49108,49110,49149,49151,49159,49161,49164,49168,49221,49223,49235,49239,49296,49298,49310,49316,49322,49326,49329,49332,49398,49400,49412,49418,49420,49472,49475,49516,49519,49526,49535,49541,49544,49577,49583,49586,49617,49623,49626,49638,49642,49647,49651,49809,49811,49826,49829,49833,49937,49939,49956,49960,50021,50023,50031,50034,50038,50105,50107,50116,50122,50124,50133,50135,50170,50175,50177,50207,50211,50213,50250,50253,50255,50292,50298,50300,50350,50352,50360,50370,50376,50380,50385,50434,50436,50449,50452,50454,50457,50532,50535,50554,50557,50587,50597,50599,50604,50611,50617,50623,50630,50638,50644,50647,50649,50677],[10,48892,13,48894,18],{"id":48893},"python-isinstance-function-explained",[15,48895,44875],{},[20,48897,48898,48900],{},[15,48899,44875],{}," checks whether a value matches a type.",[20,48902,48903,48904,2976,48906,48908],{},"It is a built-in Python function that returns either ",[15,48905,247],{},[15,48907,218],{},". It is often used before running code that depends on a value being a string, number, list, tuple, or dictionary.",[20,48910,48911,48912,48914,48915,48917],{},"In many cases, ",[15,48913,44875],{}," is a better choice than checking ",[15,48916,2400],{}," directly because it also works with parent and child types.",[36,48919,39],{"id":38},[41,48921,48923],{"className":43,"code":48922,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = 10\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))   # True\nprint(isinstance(value, str))   # False\n",[15,48924,48925,48933,48937,48958],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,48926,48927,48929,48931],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,48928,2544],{"class":56},[50,48930,61],{"class":60},[50,48932,2685],{"class":68},[50,48934,48935],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,48936,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,48938,48939,48941,48943,48946,48948,48950,48952,48954,48956],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,48940,118],{"class":94},[50,48942,98],{"class":64},[50,48944,48945],{"class":94},"isinstance",[50,48947,98],{"class":64},[50,48949,2570],{"class":101},[50,48951,72],{"class":64},[50,48953,45346],{"class":557},[50,48955,5440],{"class":64},[50,48957,43924],{"class":129},[50,48959,48960,48962,48964,48966,48968,48970,48972,48975,48977],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,48961,118],{"class":94},[50,48963,98],{"class":64},[50,48965,48945],{"class":94},[50,48967,98],{"class":64},[50,48969,2570],{"class":101},[50,48971,72],{"class":64},[50,48973,48974],{"class":557}," str",[50,48976,5440],{"class":64},[50,48978,43941],{"class":129},[20,48980,920,48981,48984],{},[15,48982,48983],{},"isinstance(object, classinfo)"," to check whether a value matches a type or one of its parent types.",[36,48986,153,48988,156],{"id":48987},"what-isinstance-does",[15,48989,44875],{},[20,48991,48992,48994],{},[15,48993,44875],{}," is used to test a value against a type.",[20,48996,48997],{},"It:",[158,48999,49000,49003,49009,49012],{},[161,49001,49002],{},"Checks whether a value is an instance of a type",[161,49004,11499,49005,2976,49007],{},[15,49006,247],{},[15,49008,218],{},[161,49010,49011],{},"Helps you safely run type-specific code",[161,49013,49014,49015,31,49017,31,49019,31,49021,17144,49023],{},"Is commonly used with ",[15,49016,1395],{},[15,49018,2288],{},[15,49020,437],{},[15,49022,505],{},[15,49024,8901],{},[20,49026,49027],{},"This is useful when your code needs to behave differently for different kinds of data.",[20,49029,49030],{},"For example, you might want to:",[158,49032,49033,49036,49039],{},[161,49034,49035],{},"loop through a list",[161,49037,49038],{},"join text only if a value is a string",[161,49040,49041],{},"do math only if a value is a number",[20,49043,49044,49045,2976,49048,425],{},"If you need a refresher on Python types, see ",[421,49046,44867],{"href":49047},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview\u002F",[421,49049,49051],{"href":49050},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-data-type-in-python\u002F","what a data type means in Python",[36,49053,181],{"id":180},[20,49055,2259],{},[41,49057,49059],{"className":43,"code":49058,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"isinstance(object, classinfo)\n",[15,49060,49061],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,49062,49063,49065,49067,49069,49071,49074],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,49064,48945],{"class":94},[50,49066,98],{"class":64},[50,49068,42467],{"class":557},[50,49070,72],{"class":64},[50,49072,49073],{"class":101}," classinfo",[50,49075,105],{"class":64},[222,49077,49079],{"id":49078},"parts-of-the-syntax","Parts of the syntax",[158,49081,49082,49087,49101],{},[161,49083,49084,49086],{},[15,49085,42467],{}," is the value you want to test",[161,49088,49089,49092,49093,31,49095,31,49097,2292,49099],{},[15,49090,49091],{},"classinfo"," is the type to check against, such as ",[15,49094,2288],{},[15,49096,1395],{},[15,49098,437],{},[15,49100,8901],{},[161,49102,49103,49104,2976,49106],{},"The result is always a Boolean value: ",[15,49105,247],{},[15,49107,218],{},[20,49109,1602],{},[41,49111,49113],{"className":43,"code":49112,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"name = \"Maya\"\n\nprint(isinstance(name, str))\n",[15,49114,49115,49127,49131],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,49116,49117,49119,49121,49123,49125],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,49118,7955],{"class":56},[50,49120,61],{"class":60},[50,49122,700],{"class":604},[50,49124,11583],{"class":608},[50,49126,705],{"class":604},[50,49128,49129],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,49130,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,49132,49133,49135,49137,49139,49141,49143,49145,49147],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,49134,118],{"class":94},[50,49136,98],{"class":64},[50,49138,48945],{"class":94},[50,49140,98],{"class":64},[50,49142,814],{"class":101},[50,49144,72],{"class":64},[50,49146,48974],{"class":557},[50,49148,478],{"class":64},[20,49150,353],{},[41,49152,49153],{"className":43,"code":4061,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,49154,49155],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,49156,49157],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,49158,4061],{"class":207},[36,49160,271],{"id":270},[20,49162,49163],{},"Here is a small example that checks one value at a time.",[222,49165,49167],{"id":49166},"check-an-integer","Check an integer",[41,49169,49171],{"className":43,"code":49170,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = 25\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\n",[15,49172,49173,49181,49185,49203],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,49174,49175,49177,49179],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,49176,2544],{"class":56},[50,49178,61],{"class":60},[50,49180,45295],{"class":68},[50,49182,49183],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,49184,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,49186,49187,49189,49191,49193,49195,49197,49199,49201],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,49188,118],{"class":94},[50,49190,98],{"class":64},[50,49192,48945],{"class":94},[50,49194,98],{"class":64},[50,49196,2570],{"class":101},[50,49198,72],{"class":64},[50,49200,45346],{"class":557},[50,49202,478],{"class":64},[50,49204,49205,49207,49209,49211,49213,49215,49217,49219],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,49206,118],{"class":94},[50,49208,98],{"class":64},[50,49210,48945],{"class":94},[50,49212,98],{"class":64},[50,49214,2570],{"class":101},[50,49216,72],{"class":64},[50,49218,48974],{"class":557},[50,49220,478],{"class":64},[20,49222,353],{},[41,49224,49225],{"className":43,"code":44243,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,49226,49227,49231],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,49228,49229],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,49230,4061],{"class":207},[50,49232,49233],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,49234,4122],{"class":207},[222,49236,49238],{"id":49237},"check-text","Check text",[41,49240,49242],{"className":43,"code":49241,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(isinstance(text, str))\nprint(isinstance(text, int))\n",[15,49243,49244,49256,49260,49278],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,49245,49246,49248,49250,49252,49254],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,49247,695],{"class":56},[50,49249,61],{"class":60},[50,49251,700],{"class":604},[50,49253,3926],{"class":608},[50,49255,705],{"class":604},[50,49257,49258],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,49259,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,49261,49262,49264,49266,49268,49270,49272,49274,49276],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,49263,118],{"class":94},[50,49265,98],{"class":64},[50,49267,48945],{"class":94},[50,49269,98],{"class":64},[50,49271,718],{"class":101},[50,49273,72],{"class":64},[50,49275,48974],{"class":557},[50,49277,478],{"class":64},[50,49279,49280,49282,49284,49286,49288,49290,49292,49294],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,49281,118],{"class":94},[50,49283,98],{"class":64},[50,49285,48945],{"class":94},[50,49287,98],{"class":64},[50,49289,718],{"class":101},[50,49291,72],{"class":64},[50,49293,45346],{"class":557},[50,49295,478],{"class":64},[20,49297,353],{},[41,49299,49300],{"className":43,"code":44243,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,49301,49302,49306],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,49303,49304],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,49305,4061],{"class":207},[50,49307,49308],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,49309,4122],{"class":207},[20,49311,49312,49313,49315],{},"In both examples, ",[15,49314,44875],{}," only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[20,49317,49318,49319,425],{},"If you want to change a value from one type to another, that is conversion, not type checking. For example, see ",[421,49320,49321],{"href":3059},"how to convert a string to an integer in Python",[36,49323,49325],{"id":49324},"checking-against-multiple-types","Checking against multiple types",[20,49327,49328],{},"The second argument can be a tuple of types.",[20,49330,49331],{},"This is helpful when more than one type is acceptable.",[41,49333,49335],{"className":43,"code":49334,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(isinstance(value, (str, list)))\n",[15,49336,49337,49346,49350,49374],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,49338,49339,49341,49343],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,49340,2544],{"class":56},[50,49342,61],{"class":60},[50,49344,49345],{"class":68}," 3.5\n",[50,49347,49348],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,49349,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,49351,49352,49354,49356,49358,49360,49362,49364,49366,49368,49370,49372],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,49353,118],{"class":94},[50,49355,98],{"class":64},[50,49357,48945],{"class":94},[50,49359,98],{"class":64},[50,49361,2570],{"class":101},[50,49363,72],{"class":64},[50,49365,521],{"class":64},[50,49367,2288],{"class":557},[50,49369,72],{"class":64},[50,49371,40324],{"class":557},[50,49373,569],{"class":64},[50,49375,49376,49378,49380,49382,49384,49386,49388,49390,49392,49394,49396],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,49377,118],{"class":94},[50,49379,98],{"class":64},[50,49381,48945],{"class":94},[50,49383,98],{"class":64},[50,49385,2570],{"class":101},[50,49387,72],{"class":64},[50,49389,521],{"class":64},[50,49391,1395],{"class":557},[50,49393,72],{"class":64},[50,49395,22629],{"class":557},[50,49397,569],{"class":64},[20,49399,353],{},[41,49401,49402],{"className":43,"code":44243,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,49403,49404,49408],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,49405,49406],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,49407,4061],{"class":207},[50,49409,49410],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,49411,4122],{"class":207},[20,49413,49414,49415,49417],{},"This is much cleaner than writing long ",[15,49416,40906],{}," conditions.",[20,49419,8377],{},[41,49421,49423],{"className":43,"code":49422,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(type(value) == int or type(value) == float)\n",[15,49424,49425,49433,49437],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,49426,49427,49429,49431],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,49428,2544],{"class":56},[50,49430,61],{"class":60},[50,49432,49345],{"class":68},[50,49434,49435],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,49436,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,49438,49439,49441,49443,49445,49447,49449,49451,49453,49455,49457,49460,49462,49464,49466,49468,49470],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,49440,118],{"class":94},[50,49442,98],{"class":64},[50,49444,558],{"class":557},[50,49446,98],{"class":64},[50,49448,2570],{"class":101},[50,49450,126],{"class":64},[50,49452,6485],{"class":60},[50,49454,45346],{"class":557},[50,49456,48306],{"class":3957},[50,49458,49459],{"class":557}," type",[50,49461,98],{"class":64},[50,49463,2570],{"class":101},[50,49465,126],{"class":64},[50,49467,6485],{"class":60},[50,49469,40324],{"class":557},[50,49471,105],{"class":64},[20,49473,49474],{},"you can write this:",[41,49476,49478],{"className":43,"code":49477,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,49479,49480,49488,49492],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,49481,49482,49484,49486],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,49483,2544],{"class":56},[50,49485,61],{"class":60},[50,49487,49345],{"class":68},[50,49489,49490],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,49491,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,49493,49494,49496,49498,49500,49502,49504,49506,49508,49510,49512,49514],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,49495,118],{"class":94},[50,49497,98],{"class":64},[50,49499,48945],{"class":94},[50,49501,98],{"class":64},[50,49503,2570],{"class":101},[50,49505,72],{"class":64},[50,49507,521],{"class":64},[50,49509,2288],{"class":557},[50,49511,72],{"class":64},[50,49513,40324],{"class":557},[50,49515,569],{"class":64},[20,49517,49518],{},"A common use case is accepting both integers and decimal numbers as numeric input.",[36,49520,49522,1467,49524],{"id":49521},"isinstance-vs-type",[15,49523,44875],{},[15,49525,2400],{},[20,49527,10666,49528,4472,49530,49534],{},[15,49529,44875],{},[421,49531,49532],{"href":2397},[15,49533,2400],{}," are related to types, but they are not the same.",[222,49536,49538],{"id":49537},"typevalue-int",[15,49539,49540],{},"type(value) == int",[20,49542,49543],{},"This checks for one exact type.",[41,49545,49547],{"className":43,"code":49546,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = 10\nprint(type(value) == int)\n",[15,49548,49549,49557],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,49550,49551,49553,49555],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,49552,2544],{"class":56},[50,49554,61],{"class":60},[50,49556,2685],{"class":68},[50,49558,49559,49561,49563,49565,49567,49569,49571,49573,49575],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,49560,118],{"class":94},[50,49562,98],{"class":64},[50,49564,558],{"class":557},[50,49566,98],{"class":64},[50,49568,2570],{"class":101},[50,49570,126],{"class":64},[50,49572,6485],{"class":60},[50,49574,45346],{"class":557},[50,49576,105],{"class":64},[222,49578,49580],{"id":49579},"isinstancevalue-int",[15,49581,49582],{},"isinstance(value, int)",[20,49584,49585],{},"This checks whether the value matches that type, including inherited types.",[41,49587,49589],{"className":43,"code":49588,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,49590,49591,49599],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,49592,49593,49595,49597],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,49594,2544],{"class":56},[50,49596,61],{"class":60},[50,49598,2685],{"class":68},[50,49600,49601,49603,49605,49607,49609,49611,49613,49615],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,49602,118],{"class":94},[50,49604,98],{"class":64},[50,49606,48945],{"class":94},[50,49608,98],{"class":64},[50,49610,2570],{"class":101},[50,49612,72],{"class":64},[50,49614,45346],{"class":557},[50,49616,478],{"class":64},[20,49618,49619,49620,49622],{},"For beginners, ",[15,49621,44875],{}," is usually the safer choice when you want to know whether a value can be treated like a certain type.",[20,49624,49625],{},"In everyday code:",[158,49627,49628,49633],{},[161,49629,40059,49630,49632],{},[15,49631,2400],{}," when you need the exact type",[161,49634,40059,49635,49637],{},[15,49636,44875],{}," when you want a practical type check",[36,49639,49641],{"id":49640},"common-real-uses","Common real uses",[20,49643,49644,49645,425],{},"Here are some common beginner-friendly uses for ",[15,49646,44875],{},[222,49648,49650],{"id":49649},"validate-function-inputs","Validate function inputs",[41,49652,49654],{"className":43,"code":49653,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"def repeat_text(text, count):\n    if not isinstance(text, str):\n        return \"text must be a string\"\n    \n    if not isinstance(count, int):\n        return \"count must be an integer\"\n    \n    return text * count\n\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", 3))\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", \"3\"))\n",[15,49655,49656,49674,49693,49705,49710,49728,49739,49743,49755,49759,49783],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,49657,49658,49660,49663,49665,49667,49669,49672],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,49659,34921],{"class":600},[50,49661,49662],{"class":34924}," repeat_text",[50,49664,98],{"class":64},[50,49666,718],{"class":37732},[50,49668,72],{"class":64},[50,49670,49671],{"class":37732}," count",[50,49673,8421],{"class":64},[50,49675,49676,49678,49680,49683,49685,49687,49689,49691],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,49677,6475],{"class":3957},[50,49679,8178],{"class":60},[50,49681,49682],{"class":94}," isinstance",[50,49684,98],{"class":64},[50,49686,718],{"class":101},[50,49688,72],{"class":64},[50,49690,48974],{"class":557},[50,49692,8421],{"class":64},[50,49694,49695,49698,49700,49703],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,49696,49697],{"class":3957},"        return",[50,49699,700],{"class":604},[50,49701,49702],{"class":608},"text must be a string",[50,49704,705],{"class":604},[50,49706,49707],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,49708,49709],{"class":56},"    \n",[50,49711,49712,49714,49716,49718,49720,49722,49724,49726],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,49713,6475],{"class":3957},[50,49715,8178],{"class":60},[50,49717,49682],{"class":94},[50,49719,98],{"class":64},[50,49721,41329],{"class":101},[50,49723,72],{"class":64},[50,49725,45346],{"class":557},[50,49727,8421],{"class":64},[50,49729,49730,49732,49734,49737],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,49731,49697],{"class":3957},[50,49733,700],{"class":604},[50,49735,49736],{"class":608},"count must be an integer",[50,49738,705],{"class":604},[50,49740,49741],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,49742,49709],{"class":56},[50,49744,49745,49747,49750,49752],{"class":52,"line":6503},[50,49746,34932],{"class":3957},[50,49748,49749],{"class":56}," text ",[50,49751,39941],{"class":60},[50,49753,49754],{"class":56}," count\n",[50,49756,49757],{"class":52,"line":6509},[50,49758,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,49760,49761,49763,49765,49768,49770,49772,49775,49777,49779,49781],{"class":52,"line":6514},[50,49762,118],{"class":94},[50,49764,98],{"class":64},[50,49766,49767],{"class":101},"repeat_text",[50,49769,98],{"class":64},[50,49771,811],{"class":604},[50,49773,49774],{"class":608},"Hi ",[50,49776,811],{"class":604},[50,49778,72],{"class":64},[50,49780,500],{"class":68},[50,49782,478],{"class":64},[50,49784,49785,49787,49789,49791,49793,49795,49797,49799,49801,49803,49805,49807],{"class":52,"line":11669},[50,49786,118],{"class":94},[50,49788,98],{"class":64},[50,49790,49767],{"class":101},[50,49792,98],{"class":64},[50,49794,811],{"class":604},[50,49796,49774],{"class":608},[50,49798,811],{"class":604},[50,49800,72],{"class":64},[50,49802,700],{"class":604},[50,49804,69],{"class":608},[50,49806,811],{"class":604},[50,49808,478],{"class":64},[20,49810,353],{},[41,49812,49814],{"className":43,"code":49813,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Hi Hi Hi \ncount must be an integer\n",[15,49815,49816,49821],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,49817,49818],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,49819,49820],{"class":56},"Hi Hi Hi \n",[50,49822,49823],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,49824,49825],{"class":56},"count must be an integer\n",[20,49827,49828],{},"This can help prevent errors such as unsupported operand type errors.",[222,49830,49832],{"id":49831},"handle-strings-and-lists-differently","Handle strings and lists differently",[41,49834,49836],{"className":43,"code":49835,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    print(\"This is text\")\nelif isinstance(value, list):\n    print(\"This is a list\")\n",[15,49837,49838,49870,49874,49890,49905,49922],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,49839,49840,49842,49844,49846,49848,49850,49852,49854,49856,49858,49860,49862,49864,49866,49868],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,49841,2544],{"class":56},[50,49843,61],{"class":60},[50,49845,65],{"class":64},[50,49847,811],{"class":604},[50,49849,421],{"class":608},[50,49851,811],{"class":604},[50,49853,72],{"class":64},[50,49855,700],{"class":604},[50,49857,4839],{"class":608},[50,49859,811],{"class":604},[50,49861,72],{"class":64},[50,49863,700],{"class":604},[50,49865,9817],{"class":608},[50,49867,811],{"class":604},[50,49869,83],{"class":64},[50,49871,49872],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,49873,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,49875,49876,49878,49880,49882,49884,49886,49888],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,49877,7076],{"class":3957},[50,49879,49682],{"class":94},[50,49881,98],{"class":64},[50,49883,2570],{"class":101},[50,49885,72],{"class":64},[50,49887,48974],{"class":557},[50,49889,8421],{"class":64},[50,49891,49892,49894,49896,49898,49901,49903],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,49893,8148],{"class":94},[50,49895,98],{"class":64},[50,49897,811],{"class":604},[50,49899,49900],{"class":608},"This is text",[50,49902,811],{"class":604},[50,49904,105],{"class":64},[50,49906,49907,49910,49912,49914,49916,49918,49920],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,49908,49909],{"class":3957},"elif",[50,49911,49682],{"class":94},[50,49913,98],{"class":64},[50,49915,2570],{"class":101},[50,49917,72],{"class":64},[50,49919,22629],{"class":557},[50,49921,8421],{"class":64},[50,49923,49924,49926,49928,49930,49933,49935],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,49925,8148],{"class":94},[50,49927,98],{"class":64},[50,49929,811],{"class":604},[50,49931,49932],{"class":608},"This is a list",[50,49934,811],{"class":604},[50,49936,105],{"class":64},[20,49938,353],{},[41,49940,49942],{"className":43,"code":49941,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"This is a list\n",[15,49943,49944],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,49945,49946,49949,49951,49953],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,49947,49948],{"class":56},"This ",[50,49950,12268],{"class":60},[50,49952,44614],{"class":56},[50,49954,49955],{"class":557},"list\n",[222,49957,49959],{"id":49958},"check-data-before-converting","Check data before converting",[41,49961,49963],{"className":43,"code":49962,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = \"42\"\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    number = int(value)\n    print(number)\n",[15,49964,49965,49977,49981,49997,50011],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,49966,49967,49969,49971,49973,49975],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,49968,2544],{"class":56},[50,49970,61],{"class":60},[50,49972,700],{"class":604},[50,49974,46596],{"class":608},[50,49976,705],{"class":604},[50,49978,49979],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,49980,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,49982,49983,49985,49987,49989,49991,49993,49995],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,49984,7076],{"class":3957},[50,49986,49682],{"class":94},[50,49988,98],{"class":64},[50,49990,2570],{"class":101},[50,49992,72],{"class":64},[50,49994,48974],{"class":557},[50,49996,8421],{"class":64},[50,49998,49999,50001,50003,50005,50007,50009],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,50000,41960],{"class":56},[50,50002,61],{"class":60},[50,50004,45346],{"class":557},[50,50006,98],{"class":64},[50,50008,2570],{"class":101},[50,50010,105],{"class":64},[50,50012,50013,50015,50017,50019],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,50014,8148],{"class":94},[50,50016,98],{"class":64},[50,50018,2338],{"class":101},[50,50020,105],{"class":64},[20,50022,353],{},[41,50024,50025],{"className":43,"code":46682,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,50026,50027],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,50028,50029],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,50030,46682],{"class":68},[20,50032,50033],{},"This is useful when working with user input, since input often starts as text.",[222,50035,50037],{"id":50036},"prevent-errors-before-using-methods-or-loops","Prevent errors before using methods or loops",[41,50039,50041],{"className":43,"code":50040,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nif isinstance(value, dict):\n    print(value[\"name\"])\n",[15,50042,50043,50067,50071,50087],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,50044,50045,50047,50049,50051,50053,50055,50057,50059,50061,50063,50065],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,50046,2544],{"class":56},[50,50048,61],{"class":60},[50,50050,632],{"class":64},[50,50052,811],{"class":604},[50,50054,814],{"class":608},[50,50056,811],{"class":604},[50,50058,819],{"class":64},[50,50060,700],{"class":604},[50,50062,824],{"class":608},[50,50064,811],{"class":604},[50,50066,645],{"class":64},[50,50068,50069],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,50070,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,50072,50073,50075,50077,50079,50081,50083,50085],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,50074,7076],{"class":3957},[50,50076,49682],{"class":94},[50,50078,98],{"class":64},[50,50080,2570],{"class":101},[50,50082,72],{"class":64},[50,50084,9251],{"class":557},[50,50086,8421],{"class":64},[50,50088,50089,50091,50093,50095,50097,50099,50101,50103],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,50090,8148],{"class":94},[50,50092,98],{"class":64},[50,50094,2570],{"class":101},[50,50096,363],{"class":64},[50,50098,811],{"class":604},[50,50100,814],{"class":608},[50,50102,811],{"class":604},[50,50104,3970],{"class":64},[20,50106,353],{},[41,50108,50110],{"className":43,"code":50109,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Ana\n",[15,50111,50112],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,50113,50114],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,50115,50109],{"class":56},[20,50117,50118,50119,50121],{},"Checking first can help you avoid confusing ",[15,50120,1542],{}," messages later.",[36,50123,4598],{"id":4597},[222,50125,50127,50128,1940,50131],{"id":50126},"passing-int-instead-of-int","Passing ",[15,50129,50130],{},"\"int\"",[15,50132,2288],{},[20,50134,16715],{},[41,50136,50138],{"className":43,"code":50137,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, \"int\"))\n",[15,50139,50140,50148],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,50141,50142,50144,50146],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,50143,2544],{"class":56},[50,50145,61],{"class":60},[50,50147,2685],{"class":68},[50,50149,50150,50152,50154,50156,50158,50160,50162,50164,50166,50168],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,50151,118],{"class":94},[50,50153,98],{"class":64},[50,50155,48945],{"class":94},[50,50157,98],{"class":64},[50,50159,2570],{"class":101},[50,50161,72],{"class":64},[50,50163,700],{"class":604},[50,50165,2288],{"class":608},[50,50167,811],{"class":604},[50,50169,478],{"class":64},[20,50171,50172,50174],{},[15,50173,50130],{}," is a string, not a type.",[20,50176,16727],{},[41,50178,50179],{"className":43,"code":49588,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,50180,50181,50189],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,50182,50183,50185,50187],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,50184,2544],{"class":56},[50,50186,61],{"class":60},[50,50188,2685],{"class":68},[50,50190,50191,50193,50195,50197,50199,50201,50203,50205],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,50192,118],{"class":94},[50,50194,98],{"class":64},[50,50196,48945],{"class":94},[50,50198,98],{"class":64},[50,50200,2570],{"class":101},[50,50202,72],{"class":64},[50,50204,45346],{"class":557},[50,50206,478],{"class":64},[222,50208,50210],{"id":50209},"using-square-brackets-for-multiple-types","Using square brackets for multiple types",[20,50212,16715],{},[41,50214,50216],{"className":43,"code":50215,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, [int, float]))\n",[15,50217,50218,50226],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,50219,50220,50222,50224],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,50221,2544],{"class":56},[50,50223,61],{"class":60},[50,50225,34912],{"class":68},[50,50227,50228,50230,50232,50234,50236,50238,50240,50242,50244,50246,50248],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,50229,118],{"class":94},[50,50231,98],{"class":64},[50,50233,48945],{"class":94},[50,50235,98],{"class":64},[50,50237,2570],{"class":101},[50,50239,72],{"class":64},[50,50241,65],{"class":64},[50,50243,2288],{"class":557},[50,50245,72],{"class":64},[50,50247,40324],{"class":557},[50,50249,1805],{"class":64},[20,50251,50252],{},"The second argument should be a type or a tuple of types.",[20,50254,16727],{},[41,50256,50258],{"className":43,"code":50257,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,50259,50260,50268],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,50261,50262,50264,50266],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,50263,2544],{"class":56},[50,50265,61],{"class":60},[50,50267,34912],{"class":68},[50,50269,50270,50272,50274,50276,50278,50280,50282,50284,50286,50288,50290],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,50271,118],{"class":94},[50,50273,98],{"class":64},[50,50275,48945],{"class":94},[50,50277,98],{"class":64},[50,50279,2570],{"class":101},[50,50281,72],{"class":64},[50,50283,521],{"class":64},[50,50285,2288],{"class":557},[50,50287,72],{"class":64},[50,50289,40324],{"class":557},[50,50291,569],{"class":64},[222,50293,25843,50295,50297],{"id":50294},"thinking-isinstance-converts-a-value",[15,50296,44875],{}," converts a value",[20,50299,18983],{},[41,50301,50303],{"className":43,"code":50302,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = \"123\"\nresult = isinstance(value, int)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,50304,50305,50318,50336,50340],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,50306,50307,50309,50311,50313,50316],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,50308,2544],{"class":56},[50,50310,61],{"class":60},[50,50312,700],{"class":604},[50,50314,50315],{"class":608},"123",[50,50317,705],{"class":604},[50,50319,50320,50322,50324,50326,50328,50330,50332,50334],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,50321,89],{"class":56},[50,50323,61],{"class":60},[50,50325,49682],{"class":94},[50,50327,98],{"class":64},[50,50329,2570],{"class":101},[50,50331,72],{"class":64},[50,50333,45346],{"class":557},[50,50335,105],{"class":64},[50,50337,50338],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,50339,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,50341,50342,50344,50346,50348],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,50343,118],{"class":94},[50,50345,98],{"class":64},[50,50347,123],{"class":101},[50,50349,105],{"class":64},[20,50351,353],{},[41,50353,50354],{"className":43,"code":4122,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,50355,50356],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,50357,50358],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,50359,4122],{"class":207},[20,50361,50362,50363,50366,50367,50369],{},"This does not convert ",[15,50364,50365],{},"\"123\""," into ",[15,50368,50315],{},". It only checks the type.",[20,50371,50372,50373,6709],{},"If your goal is conversion, use ",[15,50374,50375],{},"int(value)",[222,50377,50379],{"id":50378},"assuming-it-changes-the-value","Assuming it changes the value",[20,50381,50382,50384],{},[15,50383,44875],{}," does not modify anything.",[41,50386,50388],{"className":43,"code":50387,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = \"100\"\n\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(value)\n",[15,50389,50390,50402,50406,50424],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,50391,50392,50394,50396,50398,50400],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,50393,2544],{"class":56},[50,50395,61],{"class":60},[50,50397,700],{"class":604},[50,50399,13631],{"class":608},[50,50401,705],{"class":604},[50,50403,50404],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,50405,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,50407,50408,50410,50412,50414,50416,50418,50420,50422],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,50409,118],{"class":94},[50,50411,98],{"class":64},[50,50413,48945],{"class":94},[50,50415,98],{"class":64},[50,50417,2570],{"class":101},[50,50419,72],{"class":64},[50,50421,48974],{"class":557},[50,50423,478],{"class":64},[50,50425,50426,50428,50430,50432],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,50427,118],{"class":94},[50,50429,98],{"class":64},[50,50431,2570],{"class":101},[50,50433,105],{"class":64},[20,50435,353],{},[41,50437,50439],{"className":43,"code":50438,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"True\n100\n",[15,50440,50441,50445],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,50442,50443],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,50444,4061],{"class":207},[50,50446,50447],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,50448,47333],{"class":68},[20,50450,50451],{},"The value stays the same.",[36,50453,26011],{"id":26010},[20,50455,50456],{},"If you are not sure what kind of value you have, these checks are useful:",[41,50458,50460],{"className":43,"code":50459,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,50461,50462,50476,50494,50518],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,50463,50464,50466,50468,50470,50472,50474],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,50465,118],{"class":94},[50,50467,98],{"class":64},[50,50469,558],{"class":557},[50,50471,98],{"class":64},[50,50473,2570],{"class":101},[50,50475,478],{"class":64},[50,50477,50478,50480,50482,50484,50486,50488,50490,50492],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,50479,118],{"class":94},[50,50481,98],{"class":64},[50,50483,48945],{"class":94},[50,50485,98],{"class":64},[50,50487,2570],{"class":101},[50,50489,72],{"class":64},[50,50491,45346],{"class":557},[50,50493,478],{"class":64},[50,50495,50496,50498,50500,50502,50504,50506,50508,50510,50512,50514,50516],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,50497,118],{"class":94},[50,50499,98],{"class":64},[50,50501,48945],{"class":94},[50,50503,98],{"class":64},[50,50505,2570],{"class":101},[50,50507,72],{"class":64},[50,50509,521],{"class":64},[50,50511,2288],{"class":557},[50,50513,72],{"class":64},[50,50515,40324],{"class":557},[50,50517,569],{"class":64},[50,50519,50520,50522,50524,50526,50528,50530],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,50521,118],{"class":94},[50,50523,98],{"class":64},[50,50525,41849],{"class":94},[50,50527,98],{"class":64},[50,50529,2570],{"class":101},[50,50531,478],{"class":64},[20,50533,50534],{},"These can help when:",[158,50536,50537,50540,50545,50548],{},[161,50538,50539],{},"a value looks like a number but is actually a string",[161,50541,50542,50543],{},"you are getting a ",[15,50544,1542],{},[161,50546,50547],{},"your condition is not behaving as expected",[161,50549,50550,50551,50553],{},"the second argument to ",[15,50552,44875],{}," is invalid",[20,50555,50556],{},"Common causes of mistakes include:",[158,50558,50559,50573,50579,50584],{},[161,50560,50561,50562,2976,50565,50568,50569,2976,50571],{},"using ",[15,50563,50564],{},"'int'",[15,50566,50567],{},"'str'"," as text instead of ",[15,50570,2288],{},[15,50572,1395],{},[161,50574,50575,50576,50578],{},"expecting ",[15,50577,44875],{}," to convert a value",[161,50580,50561,50581,50583],{},[15,50582,2400],{}," when inherited types should also match",[161,50585,50586],{},"passing an invalid second argument",[20,50588,50589,50590,425],{},"If you get an error because Python expected a number but found text, see ",[421,50591,50593,50594],{"href":50592},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-str-object-cannot-be-interpreted-as-an-integer-fix\u002F","TypeError: ",[15,50595,50596],{},"'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer",[36,50598,1913],{"id":1912},[222,50600,1927,50602,5224],{"id":50601},"what-does-isinstance-return-in-python",[15,50603,44875],{},[20,50605,5227,50606,50608,50609,425],{},[15,50607,247],{}," if the value matches the given type, otherwise ",[15,50610,218],{},[222,50612,5248,50614,50616],{"id":50613},"can-isinstance-check-more-than-one-type",[15,50615,44875],{}," check more than one type?",[20,50618,50619,50620,425],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of types, such as ",[15,50621,50622],{},"isinstance(x, (int, float))",[222,50624,5258,50626,4472,50628,1943],{"id":50625},"what-is-the-difference-between-isinstance-and-type",[15,50627,44875],{},[15,50629,2400],{},[20,50631,50632,50634,50635,50637],{},[15,50633,2400],{}," gives the exact type. ",[15,50636,44875],{}," checks whether a value matches a type and also supports inheritance.",[222,50639,1917,50641,50643],{"id":50640},"does-isinstance-convert-a-value",[15,50642,44875],{}," convert a value?",[20,50645,50646],{},"No. It only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[36,50648,1975],{"id":1974},[158,50650,50651,50657,50661,50666,50671],{},[161,50652,50653],{},[421,50654,13,50655,1461],{"href":2397},[15,50656,2400],{},[161,50658,50659],{},[421,50660,44867],{"href":49047},[161,50662,50663],{},[421,50664,50665],{"href":3059},"How to convert a string to an integer in Python",[161,50667,50668],{},[421,50669,50670],{"href":49050},"What is a data type in Python?",[161,50672,50673],{},[421,50674,50593,50675],{"href":50592},[15,50676,50596],{},[2018,50678,50679],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":50681},[50682,50683,50685,50688,50692,50693,50698,50704,50712,50713,50723],{"id":38,"depth":86,"text":39},{"id":48987,"depth":86,"text":50684},"What isinstance() does",{"id":180,"depth":86,"text":181,"children":50686},[50687],{"id":49078,"depth":108,"text":49079},{"id":270,"depth":86,"text":271,"children":50689},[50690,50691],{"id":49166,"depth":108,"text":49167},{"id":49237,"depth":108,"text":49238},{"id":49324,"depth":86,"text":49325},{"id":49521,"depth":86,"text":50694,"children":50695},"isinstance() vs type()",[50696,50697],{"id":49537,"depth":108,"text":49540},{"id":49579,"depth":108,"text":49582},{"id":49640,"depth":86,"text":49641,"children":50699},[50700,50701,50702,50703],{"id":49649,"depth":108,"text":49650},{"id":49831,"depth":108,"text":49832},{"id":49958,"depth":108,"text":49959},{"id":50036,"depth":108,"text":50037},{"id":4597,"depth":86,"text":4598,"children":50705},[50706,50708,50709,50711],{"id":50126,"depth":108,"text":50707},"Passing \"int\" instead of int",{"id":50209,"depth":108,"text":50210},{"id":50294,"depth":108,"text":50710},"Thinking isinstance() converts a value",{"id":50378,"depth":108,"text":50379},{"id":26010,"depth":86,"text":26011},{"id":1912,"depth":86,"text":1913,"children":50714},[50715,50717,50719,50721],{"id":50601,"depth":108,"text":50716},"What does isinstance() return in Python?",{"id":50613,"depth":108,"text":50718},"Can isinstance() check more than one type?",{"id":50625,"depth":108,"text":50720},"What is the difference between isinstance() and type()?",{"id":50640,"depth":108,"text":50722},"Does isinstance() convert a value?",{"id":1974,"depth":86,"text":1975},"Master python isinstance function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":48888,"description":50724},"reference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained","iF3_lagEov6vfWHAzwGq_MdJMAghMPTpi88oMC-pOfw",{"id":50730,"title":50731,"body":50732,"description":52704,"extension":2064,"meta":52705,"navigation":111,"path":52706,"seo":52707,"stem":52708,"__hash__":52709},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained.md","Python len() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":50733,"toc":52679},[50734,50737,50742,50747,50761,50764,50766,50841,50846,50850,50855,50858,50872,50874,51040,51052,51054,51056,51071,51074,51077,51090,51092,51190,51194,51200,51203,51212,51214,51249,51254,51275,51280,51285,51317,51320,51377,51381,51387,51390,51443,51445,51485,51488,51556,51559,51610,51617,51621,51627,51712,51718,51724,51773,51776,51779,51829,51831,51836,51840,51890,51894,51941,51945,52022,52026,52091,52094,52098,52103,52108,52120,52122,52141,52147,52150,52169,52174,52201,52208,52212,52218,52221,52316,52319,52322,52371,52376,52378,52382,52417,52420,52477,52487,52490,52524,52527,52529,52533,52536,52540,52543,52547,52550,52554,52567,52571,52576,52578,52628,52640,52642,52676],[10,50735,50731],{"id":50736},"python-len-function-explained",[20,50738,9203,50739,50741],{},[15,50740,1454],{}," function returns the size of an object.",[20,50743,35475,50744,50746],{},[15,50745,1454],{}," to count:",[158,50748,50749,50752,50755,50758],{},[161,50750,50751],{},"characters in a string",[161,50753,50754],{},"items in a list or tuple",[161,50756,50757],{},"keys in a dictionary",[161,50759,50760],{},"unique items in a set",[20,50762,50763],{},"It is a simple but very useful function. You will use it often when checking if something is empty, validating input, or counting stored values safely.",[36,50765,2105],{"id":2104},[41,50767,50769],{"className":43,"code":50768,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"hello\"\nitems = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(len(text))   # 5\nprint(len(items))  # 3\n",[15,50770,50771,50783,50803,50807,50824],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,50772,50773,50775,50777,50779,50781],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,50774,695],{"class":56},[50,50776,61],{"class":60},[50,50778,700],{"class":604},[50,50780,3926],{"class":608},[50,50782,705],{"class":604},[50,50784,50785,50787,50789,50791,50793,50795,50797,50799,50801],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,50786,7859],{"class":56},[50,50788,61],{"class":60},[50,50790,65],{"class":64},[50,50792,1618],{"class":68},[50,50794,72],{"class":64},[50,50796,840],{"class":68},[50,50798,72],{"class":64},[50,50800,1627],{"class":68},[50,50802,83],{"class":64},[50,50804,50805],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,50806,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,50808,50809,50811,50813,50815,50817,50819,50821],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,50810,118],{"class":94},[50,50812,98],{"class":64},[50,50814,1267],{"class":94},[50,50816,98],{"class":64},[50,50818,718],{"class":101},[50,50820,5440],{"class":64},[50,50822,50823],{"class":129},"   # 5\n",[50,50825,50826,50828,50830,50832,50834,50836,50838],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,50827,118],{"class":94},[50,50829,98],{"class":64},[50,50831,1267],{"class":94},[50,50833,98],{"class":64},[50,50835,7888],{"class":101},[50,50837,5440],{"class":64},[50,50839,50840],{"class":129},"  # 3\n",[20,50842,920,50843,50845],{},[15,50844,1454],{}," to get the number of characters in a string or the number of items in a container like a list, tuple, set, or dictionary.",[36,50847,50849],{"id":50848},"what-len-does","What len() does",[20,50851,50852,50854],{},[15,50853,1454],{}," returns the size of an object.",[20,50856,50857],{},"Here is what that means for common Python types:",[158,50859,50860,50863,50866,50869],{},[161,50861,50862],{},"For strings, it counts characters",[161,50864,50865],{},"For lists, tuples, and sets, it counts items",[161,50867,50868],{},"For dictionaries, it counts keys",[161,50870,50871],{},"It always returns an integer",[20,50873,1602],{},[41,50875,50877],{"className":43,"code":50876,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"name = \"Sam\"\nnumbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\ndata = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nvalues = {5, 6, 7}\n\nprint(len(name))     # 3\nprint(len(numbers))  # 4\nprint(len(data))     # 2\nprint(len(values))   # 3\n",[15,50878,50879,50891,50916,50948,50968,50972,50989,51006,51023],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,50880,50881,50883,50885,50887,50889],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,50882,7955],{"class":56},[50,50884,61],{"class":60},[50,50886,700],{"class":604},[50,50888,7756],{"class":608},[50,50890,705],{"class":604},[50,50892,50893,50895,50897,50899,50901,50903,50905,50907,50909,50911,50914],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,50894,57],{"class":56},[50,50896,61],{"class":60},[50,50898,65],{"class":64},[50,50900,1618],{"class":68},[50,50902,72],{"class":64},[50,50904,840],{"class":68},[50,50906,72],{"class":64},[50,50908,1627],{"class":68},[50,50910,72],{"class":64},[50,50912,50913],{"class":68}," 40",[50,50915,83],{"class":64},[50,50917,50918,50920,50922,50924,50926,50928,50930,50932,50934,50936,50938,50940,50942,50944,50946],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,50919,9246],{"class":56},[50,50921,61],{"class":60},[50,50923,632],{"class":64},[50,50925,811],{"class":604},[50,50927,421],{"class":608},[50,50929,811],{"class":604},[50,50931,819],{"class":64},[50,50933,75],{"class":68},[50,50935,72],{"class":64},[50,50937,700],{"class":604},[50,50939,4839],{"class":608},[50,50941,811],{"class":604},[50,50943,819],{"class":64},[50,50945,80],{"class":68},[50,50947,645],{"class":64},[50,50949,50950,50952,50954,50956,50958,50960,50962,50964,50966],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,50951,516],{"class":56},[50,50953,61],{"class":60},[50,50955,632],{"class":64},[50,50957,290],{"class":68},[50,50959,72],{"class":64},[50,50961,37713],{"class":68},[50,50963,72],{"class":64},[50,50965,6071],{"class":68},[50,50967,645],{"class":64},[50,50969,50970],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,50971,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,50973,50974,50976,50978,50980,50982,50984,50986],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,50975,118],{"class":94},[50,50977,98],{"class":64},[50,50979,1267],{"class":94},[50,50981,98],{"class":64},[50,50983,814],{"class":101},[50,50985,5440],{"class":64},[50,50987,50988],{"class":129},"     # 3\n",[50,50990,50991,50993,50995,50997,50999,51001,51003],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,50992,118],{"class":94},[50,50994,98],{"class":64},[50,50996,1267],{"class":94},[50,50998,98],{"class":64},[50,51000,102],{"class":101},[50,51002,5440],{"class":64},[50,51004,51005],{"class":129},"  # 4\n",[50,51007,51008,51010,51012,51014,51016,51018,51020],{"class":52,"line":6503},[50,51009,118],{"class":94},[50,51011,98],{"class":64},[50,51013,1267],{"class":94},[50,51015,98],{"class":64},[50,51017,9284],{"class":101},[50,51019,5440],{"class":64},[50,51021,51022],{"class":129},"     # 2\n",[50,51024,51025,51027,51029,51031,51033,51035,51037],{"class":52,"line":6509},[50,51026,118],{"class":94},[50,51028,98],{"class":64},[50,51030,1267],{"class":94},[50,51032,98],{"class":64},[50,51034,546],{"class":101},[50,51036,5440],{"class":64},[50,51038,51039],{"class":129},"   # 3\n",[20,51041,51042,51043,31,51047,17144,51050,425],{},"If you are still learning these data types, see ",[421,51044,51046],{"href":51045},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-strings-explained-basics-and-examples\u002F","Python strings explained",[421,51048,51049],{"href":1908},"Python lists explained",[421,51051,9236],{"href":9235},[36,51053,181],{"id":180},[20,51055,2259],{},[41,51057,51059],{"className":43,"code":51058,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"len(object)\n",[15,51060,51061],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,51062,51063,51065,51067,51069],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,51064,1267],{"class":94},[50,51066,98],{"class":64},[50,51068,42467],{"class":557},[50,51070,105],{"class":64},[20,51072,51073],{},"You pass one object inside the parentheses.",[20,51075,51076],{},"That object must be something that has a length, such as:",[158,51078,51079,51081,51083,51085,51087],{},[161,51080,37977],{},[161,51082,37971],{},[161,51084,37974],{},[161,51086,37980],{},[161,51088,51089],{},"a dictionary",[20,51091,1602],{},[41,51093,51095],{"className":43,"code":51094,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(len(\"python\"))      # 6\nprint(len([1, 2, 3]))     # 3\nprint(len((10, 20)))      # 2\nprint(len({\"x\": 1}))      # 1\n",[15,51096,51097,51118,51142,51164],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,51098,51099,51101,51103,51105,51107,51109,51111,51113,51115],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,51100,118],{"class":94},[50,51102,98],{"class":64},[50,51104,1267],{"class":94},[50,51106,98],{"class":64},[50,51108,811],{"class":604},[50,51110,45],{"class":608},[50,51112,811],{"class":604},[50,51114,5440],{"class":64},[50,51116,51117],{"class":129},"      # 6\n",[50,51119,51120,51122,51124,51126,51128,51130,51132,51134,51136,51138,51140],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,51121,118],{"class":94},[50,51123,98],{"class":64},[50,51125,1267],{"class":94},[50,51127,1792],{"class":64},[50,51129,366],{"class":68},[50,51131,72],{"class":64},[50,51133,80],{"class":68},[50,51135,72],{"class":64},[50,51137,500],{"class":68},[50,51139,4813],{"class":64},[50,51141,50988],{"class":129},[50,51143,51144,51146,51148,51150,51152,51154,51156,51158,51161],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,51145,118],{"class":94},[50,51147,98],{"class":64},[50,51149,1267],{"class":94},[50,51151,1820],{"class":64},[50,51153,1618],{"class":68},[50,51155,72],{"class":64},[50,51157,840],{"class":68},[50,51159,51160],{"class":64},")))",[50,51162,51163],{"class":129},"      # 2\n",[50,51165,51166,51168,51170,51172,51174,51176,51178,51180,51182,51184,51187],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,51167,118],{"class":94},[50,51169,98],{"class":64},[50,51171,1267],{"class":94},[50,51173,5607],{"class":64},[50,51175,811],{"class":604},[50,51177,2273],{"class":608},[50,51179,811],{"class":604},[50,51181,819],{"class":64},[50,51183,75],{"class":68},[50,51185,51186],{"class":64},"}))",[50,51188,51189],{"class":129},"      # 1\n",[36,51191,51193],{"id":51192},"using-len-with-strings","Using len() with strings",[20,51195,51196,51197,51199],{},"When you use ",[15,51198,1454],{}," on a string, Python counts every character.",[20,51201,51202],{},"That includes:",[158,51204,51205,51207,51209],{},[161,51206,36213],{},[161,51208,10529],{},[161,51210,51211],{},"punctuation",[20,51213,1602],{},[41,51215,51217],{"className":43,"code":51216,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"Hi there!\"\nprint(len(text))  # 9\n",[15,51218,51219,51232],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,51220,51221,51223,51225,51227,51230],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,51222,695],{"class":56},[50,51224,61],{"class":60},[50,51226,700],{"class":604},[50,51228,51229],{"class":608},"Hi there!",[50,51231,705],{"class":604},[50,51233,51234,51236,51238,51240,51242,51244,51246],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,51235,118],{"class":94},[50,51237,98],{"class":64},[50,51239,1267],{"class":94},[50,51241,98],{"class":64},[50,51243,718],{"class":101},[50,51245,5440],{"class":64},[50,51247,51248],{"class":129},"  # 9\n",[20,51250,51251,51252,1943],{},"Why is the result ",[15,51253,2244],{},[158,51255,51256,51262,51266,51269],{},[161,51257,51258,51261],{},[15,51259,51260],{},"H"," = 1",[161,51263,51264,51261],{},[15,51265,36224],{},[161,51267,51268],{},"space = 1",[161,51270,51271,51274],{},[15,51272,51273],{},"t h e r e !"," = 6",[20,51276,51277,51278],{},"Total: ",[15,51279,2244],{},[20,51281,51282,51283,819],{},"An empty string has length ",[15,51284,2220],{},[41,51286,51288],{"className":43,"code":51287,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"empty_text = \"\"\nprint(len(empty_text))  # 0\n",[15,51289,51290,51299],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,51291,51292,51295,51297],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,51293,51294],{"class":56},"empty_text ",[50,51296,61],{"class":60},[50,51298,7960],{"class":604},[50,51300,51301,51303,51305,51307,51309,51312,51314],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,51302,118],{"class":94},[50,51304,98],{"class":64},[50,51306,1267],{"class":94},[50,51308,98],{"class":64},[50,51310,51311],{"class":101},"empty_text",[50,51313,5440],{"class":64},[50,51315,51316],{"class":129},"  # 0\n",[20,51318,51319],{},"This matters when checking user input:",[41,51321,51323],{"className":43,"code":51322,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"user_name = \"Alice\"\n\nif len(user_name) >= 3:\n    print(\"Name is long enough\")\n",[15,51324,51325,51338,51342,51362],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,51326,51327,51330,51332,51334,51336],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,51328,51329],{"class":56},"user_name ",[50,51331,61],{"class":60},[50,51333,700],{"class":604},[50,51335,5083],{"class":608},[50,51337,705],{"class":604},[50,51339,51340],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,51341,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,51343,51344,51346,51348,51350,51353,51355,51358,51360],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,51345,7076],{"class":3957},[50,51347,38454],{"class":94},[50,51349,98],{"class":64},[50,51351,51352],{"class":101},"user_name",[50,51354,126],{"class":64},[50,51356,51357],{"class":60}," >=",[50,51359,500],{"class":68},[50,51361,6470],{"class":64},[50,51363,51364,51366,51368,51370,51373,51375],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,51365,8148],{"class":94},[50,51367,98],{"class":64},[50,51369,811],{"class":604},[50,51371,51372],{"class":608},"Name is long enough",[50,51374,811],{"class":604},[50,51376,105],{"class":64},[36,51378,51380],{"id":51379},"using-len-with-lists-and-tuples","Using len() with lists and tuples",[20,51382,51383,51384,51386],{},"For lists and tuples, ",[15,51385,1454],{}," counts how many elements are stored.",[20,51388,51389],{},"Example with a list:",[41,51391,51393],{"className":43,"code":51392,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))  # 3\n",[15,51394,51395,51427],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,51396,51397,51399,51401,51403,51405,51407,51409,51411,51413,51415,51417,51419,51421,51423,51425],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,51398,13149],{"class":56},[50,51400,61],{"class":60},[50,51402,65],{"class":64},[50,51404,811],{"class":604},[50,51406,13166],{"class":608},[50,51408,811],{"class":604},[50,51410,72],{"class":64},[50,51412,700],{"class":604},[50,51414,17525],{"class":608},[50,51416,811],{"class":604},[50,51418,72],{"class":64},[50,51420,700],{"class":604},[50,51422,13183],{"class":608},[50,51424,811],{"class":604},[50,51426,83],{"class":64},[50,51428,51429,51431,51433,51435,51437,51439,51441],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,51430,118],{"class":94},[50,51432,98],{"class":64},[50,51434,1267],{"class":94},[50,51436,98],{"class":64},[50,51438,17572],{"class":101},[50,51440,5440],{"class":64},[50,51442,50840],{"class":129},[20,51444,37986],{},[41,51446,51448],{"className":43,"code":51447,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"point = (10, 20)\nprint(len(point))  # 2\n",[15,51449,51450,51467],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,51451,51452,51455,51457,51459,51461,51463,51465],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,51453,51454],{"class":56},"point ",[50,51456,61],{"class":60},[50,51458,521],{"class":64},[50,51460,1618],{"class":68},[50,51462,72],{"class":64},[50,51464,840],{"class":68},[50,51466,105],{"class":64},[50,51468,51469,51471,51473,51475,51477,51480,51482],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,51470,118],{"class":94},[50,51472,98],{"class":64},[50,51474,1267],{"class":94},[50,51476,98],{"class":64},[50,51478,51479],{"class":101},"point",[50,51481,5440],{"class":64},[50,51483,51484],{"class":129},"  # 2\n",[20,51486,51487],{},"This is useful before indexing so you do not try to access an item that is not there:",[41,51489,51491],{"className":43,"code":51490,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\n\nif len(items) > 1:\n    print(items[1])  # banana\n",[15,51492,51493,51517,51521,51539],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,51494,51495,51497,51499,51501,51503,51505,51507,51509,51511,51513,51515],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,51496,7859],{"class":56},[50,51498,61],{"class":60},[50,51500,65],{"class":64},[50,51502,811],{"class":604},[50,51504,1049],{"class":608},[50,51506,811],{"class":604},[50,51508,72],{"class":64},[50,51510,700],{"class":604},[50,51512,1058],{"class":608},[50,51514,811],{"class":604},[50,51516,83],{"class":64},[50,51518,51519],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,51520,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,51522,51523,51525,51527,51529,51531,51533,51535,51537],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,51524,7076],{"class":3957},[50,51526,38454],{"class":94},[50,51528,98],{"class":64},[50,51530,7888],{"class":101},[50,51532,126],{"class":64},[50,51534,38464],{"class":60},[50,51536,75],{"class":68},[50,51538,6470],{"class":64},[50,51540,51541,51543,51545,51547,51549,51551,51553],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,51542,8148],{"class":94},[50,51544,98],{"class":64},[50,51546,7888],{"class":101},[50,51548,363],{"class":64},[50,51550,366],{"class":68},[50,51552,20516],{"class":64},[50,51554,51555],{"class":129},"  # banana\n",[20,51557,51558],{},"It is also common in loops and checks:",[41,51560,51562],{"className":43,"code":51561,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"scores = [88, 91, 75]\nprint(\"Number of scores:\", len(scores))\n",[15,51563,51564,51587],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,51565,51566,51568,51570,51572,51575,51577,51580,51582,51585],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,51567,5143],{"class":56},[50,51569,61],{"class":60},[50,51571,65],{"class":64},[50,51573,51574],{"class":68},"88",[50,51576,72],{"class":64},[50,51578,51579],{"class":68}," 91",[50,51581,72],{"class":64},[50,51583,51584],{"class":68}," 75",[50,51586,83],{"class":64},[50,51588,51589,51591,51593,51595,51598,51600,51602,51604,51606,51608],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,51590,118],{"class":94},[50,51592,98],{"class":64},[50,51594,811],{"class":604},[50,51596,51597],{"class":608},"Number of scores:",[50,51599,811],{"class":604},[50,51601,72],{"class":64},[50,51603,38454],{"class":94},[50,51605,98],{"class":64},[50,51607,16460],{"class":101},[50,51609,478],{"class":64},[20,51611,51612,51613,425],{},"If you want a task-focused example, see ",[421,51614,51616],{"href":51615},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to get the length of a list in Python",[36,51618,51620],{"id":51619},"using-len-with-dictionaries-and-sets","Using len() with dictionaries and sets",[20,51622,51623,51624,51626],{},"For dictionaries, ",[15,51625,1454],{}," counts keys.",[41,51628,51630],{"className":43,"code":51629,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Mia\",\n    \"age\": 12,\n    \"grade\": \"A\"\n}\n\nprint(len(student))  # 3\n",[15,51631,51632,51640,51658,51672,51688,51692,51696],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,51633,51634,51636,51638],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,51635,12937],{"class":56},[50,51637,61],{"class":60},[50,51639,11567],{"class":64},[50,51641,51642,51644,51646,51648,51650,51652,51654,51656],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,51643,11572],{"class":604},[50,51645,814],{"class":608},[50,51647,811],{"class":604},[50,51649,819],{"class":64},[50,51651,700],{"class":604},[50,51653,8000],{"class":608},[50,51655,811],{"class":604},[50,51657,11588],{"class":64},[50,51659,51660,51662,51664,51666,51668,51670],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,51661,11572],{"class":604},[50,51663,833],{"class":608},[50,51665,811],{"class":604},[50,51667,819],{"class":64},[50,51669,31012],{"class":68},[50,51671,11588],{"class":64},[50,51673,51674,51676,51678,51680,51682,51684,51686],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,51675,11572],{"class":604},[50,51677,19961],{"class":608},[50,51679,811],{"class":604},[50,51681,819],{"class":64},[50,51683,700],{"class":604},[50,51685,22314],{"class":608},[50,51687,705],{"class":604},[50,51689,51690],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,51691,645],{"class":64},[50,51693,51694],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,51695,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,51697,51698,51700,51702,51704,51706,51708,51710],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,51699,118],{"class":94},[50,51701,98],{"class":64},[50,51703,1267],{"class":94},[50,51705,98],{"class":64},[50,51707,13699],{"class":101},[50,51709,5440],{"class":64},[50,51711,50840],{"class":129},[20,51713,51714,51715,51717],{},"Even though the dictionary has keys and values, ",[15,51716,1454],{}," returns the number of keys.",[20,51719,51720,51721,51723],{},"For sets, ",[15,51722,1454],{}," counts unique items:",[41,51725,51727],{"className":43,"code":51726,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 3, 2}\nprint(len(numbers))  # 3\n",[15,51728,51729,51757],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,51730,51731,51733,51735,51737,51739,51741,51743,51745,51747,51749,51751,51753,51755],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,51732,57],{"class":56},[50,51734,61],{"class":60},[50,51736,632],{"class":64},[50,51738,366],{"class":68},[50,51740,72],{"class":64},[50,51742,80],{"class":68},[50,51744,72],{"class":64},[50,51746,500],{"class":68},[50,51748,72],{"class":64},[50,51750,500],{"class":68},[50,51752,72],{"class":64},[50,51754,80],{"class":68},[50,51756,645],{"class":64},[50,51758,51759,51761,51763,51765,51767,51769,51771],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,51760,118],{"class":94},[50,51762,98],{"class":64},[50,51764,1267],{"class":94},[50,51766,98],{"class":64},[50,51768,102],{"class":101},[50,51770,5440],{"class":64},[50,51772,50840],{"class":129},[20,51774,51775],{},"The repeated values are removed in a set, so only unique items are counted.",[20,51777,51778],{},"This is useful when checking if a collection is empty:",[41,51780,51782],{"className":43,"code":51781,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {}\n\nif len(data) == 0:\n    print(\"The dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,51783,51784,51792,51796,51814],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,51785,51786,51788,51790],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,51787,9246],{"class":56},[50,51789,61],{"class":60},[50,51791,9916],{"class":64},[50,51793,51794],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,51795,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,51797,51798,51800,51802,51804,51806,51808,51810,51812],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,51799,7076],{"class":3957},[50,51801,38454],{"class":94},[50,51803,98],{"class":64},[50,51805,9284],{"class":101},[50,51807,126],{"class":64},[50,51809,6485],{"class":60},[50,51811,3914],{"class":68},[50,51813,6470],{"class":64},[50,51815,51816,51818,51820,51822,51825,51827],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,51817,8148],{"class":94},[50,51819,98],{"class":64},[50,51821,811],{"class":604},[50,51823,51824],{"class":608},"The dictionary is empty",[50,51826,811],{"class":604},[50,51828,105],{"class":64},[36,51830,41115],{"id":41114},[20,51832,51833,51834,425],{},"Here are some practical ways beginners use ",[15,51835,1454],{},[222,51837,51839],{"id":51838},"check-if-a-list-is-empty","Check if a list is empty",[41,51841,51843],{"className":43,"code":51842,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = []\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,51844,51845,51853,51857,51875],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,51846,51847,51849,51851],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,51848,7859],{"class":56},[50,51850,61],{"class":60},[50,51852,7917],{"class":64},[50,51854,51855],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,51856,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,51858,51859,51861,51863,51865,51867,51869,51871,51873],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,51860,7076],{"class":3957},[50,51862,38454],{"class":94},[50,51864,98],{"class":64},[50,51866,7888],{"class":101},[50,51868,126],{"class":64},[50,51870,6485],{"class":60},[50,51872,3914],{"class":68},[50,51874,6470],{"class":64},[50,51876,51877,51879,51881,51883,51886,51888],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,51878,8148],{"class":94},[50,51880,98],{"class":64},[50,51882,811],{"class":604},[50,51884,51885],{"class":608},"The list is empty",[50,51887,811],{"class":604},[50,51889,105],{"class":64},[222,51891,51893],{"id":51892},"count-letters-in-user-input","Count letters in user input",[41,51895,51897],{"className":43,"code":51896,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"word = input(\"Enter a word: \")\nprint(\"Number of characters:\", len(word))\n",[15,51898,51899,51918],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,51900,51901,51903,51905,51907,51909,51911,51914,51916],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,51902,6232],{"class":56},[50,51904,61],{"class":60},[50,51906,8321],{"class":94},[50,51908,98],{"class":64},[50,51910,811],{"class":604},[50,51912,51913],{"class":608},"Enter a word: ",[50,51915,811],{"class":604},[50,51917,105],{"class":64},[50,51919,51920,51922,51924,51926,51929,51931,51933,51935,51937,51939],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,51921,118],{"class":94},[50,51923,98],{"class":64},[50,51925,811],{"class":604},[50,51927,51928],{"class":608},"Number of characters:",[50,51930,811],{"class":604},[50,51932,72],{"class":64},[50,51934,38454],{"class":94},[50,51936,98],{"class":64},[50,51938,38459],{"class":101},[50,51940,478],{"class":64},[222,51942,51944],{"id":51943},"validate-minimum-password-length","Validate minimum password length",[41,51946,51948],{"className":43,"code":51947,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"password = \"secret123\"\n\nif len(password) >= 8:\n    print(\"Password length is valid\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Password is too short\")\n",[15,51949,51950,51964,51968,51986,52001,52007],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,51951,51952,51955,51957,51959,51962],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,51953,51954],{"class":56},"password ",[50,51956,61],{"class":60},[50,51958,700],{"class":604},[50,51960,51961],{"class":608},"secret123",[50,51963,705],{"class":604},[50,51965,51966],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,51967,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,51969,51970,51972,51974,51976,51978,51980,51982,51984],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,51971,7076],{"class":3957},[50,51973,38454],{"class":94},[50,51975,98],{"class":64},[50,51977,17691],{"class":101},[50,51979,126],{"class":64},[50,51981,51357],{"class":60},[50,51983,299],{"class":68},[50,51985,6470],{"class":64},[50,51987,51988,51990,51992,51994,51997,51999],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,51989,8148],{"class":94},[50,51991,98],{"class":64},[50,51993,811],{"class":604},[50,51995,51996],{"class":608},"Password length is valid",[50,51998,811],{"class":604},[50,52000,105],{"class":64},[50,52002,52003,52005],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,52004,27503],{"class":3957},[50,52006,6470],{"class":64},[50,52008,52009,52011,52013,52015,52018,52020],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,52010,8148],{"class":94},[50,52012,98],{"class":64},[50,52014,811],{"class":604},[50,52016,52017],{"class":608},"Password is too short",[50,52019,811],{"class":604},[50,52021,105],{"class":64},[222,52023,52025],{"id":52024},"check-how-many-items-were-read","Check how many items were read",[41,52027,52029],{"className":43,"code":52028,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"results = [\"item1\", \"item2\", \"item3\"]\nprint(\"Items found:\", len(results))\n",[15,52030,52031,52067],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,52032,52033,52036,52038,52040,52042,52045,52047,52049,52051,52054,52056,52058,52060,52063,52065],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,52034,52035],{"class":56},"results ",[50,52037,61],{"class":60},[50,52039,65],{"class":64},[50,52041,811],{"class":604},[50,52043,52044],{"class":608},"item1",[50,52046,811],{"class":604},[50,52048,72],{"class":64},[50,52050,700],{"class":604},[50,52052,52053],{"class":608},"item2",[50,52055,811],{"class":604},[50,52057,72],{"class":64},[50,52059,700],{"class":604},[50,52061,52062],{"class":608},"item3",[50,52064,811],{"class":604},[50,52066,83],{"class":64},[50,52068,52069,52071,52073,52075,52078,52080,52082,52084,52086,52089],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,52070,118],{"class":94},[50,52072,98],{"class":64},[50,52074,811],{"class":604},[50,52076,52077],{"class":608},"Items found:",[50,52079,811],{"class":604},[50,52081,72],{"class":64},[50,52083,38454],{"class":94},[50,52085,98],{"class":64},[50,52087,52088],{"class":101},"results",[50,52090,478],{"class":64},[20,52092,52093],{},"These are the kinds of small checks that make programs safer and easier to debug.",[36,52095,52097],{"id":52096},"objects-that-can-cause-errors","Objects that can cause errors",[20,52099,52100,52102],{},[15,52101,1454],{}," does not work on every value.",[20,52104,52105,52106,819],{},"These will raise a ",[15,52107,1542],{},[158,52109,52110,52113,52116],{},[161,52111,52112],{},"plain integers",[161,52114,52115],{},"floats",[161,52117,52118],{},[15,52119,208],{},[20,52121,1602],{},[41,52123,52125],{"className":43,"code":52124,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(len(5))\n",[15,52126,52127],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,52128,52129,52131,52133,52135,52137,52139],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,52130,118],{"class":94},[50,52132,98],{"class":64},[50,52134,1267],{"class":94},[50,52136,98],{"class":64},[50,52138,290],{"class":68},[50,52140,478],{"class":64},[20,52142,52143,52144,52146],{},"This causes an error because the integer ",[15,52145,290],{}," does not have a length.",[20,52148,52149],{},"Another example:",[41,52151,52153],{"className":43,"code":52152,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(len(3.14))\n",[15,52154,52155],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,52156,52157,52159,52161,52163,52165,52167],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,52158,118],{"class":94},[50,52160,98],{"class":64},[50,52162,1267],{"class":94},[50,52164,98],{"class":64},[50,52166,40212],{"class":68},[50,52168,478],{"class":64},[20,52170,52171,52172,819],{},"And with ",[15,52173,208],{},[41,52175,52177],{"className":43,"code":52176,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = None\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,52178,52179,52187],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,52180,52181,52183,52185],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,52182,2544],{"class":56},[50,52184,61],{"class":60},[50,52186,48597],{"class":207},[50,52188,52189,52191,52193,52195,52197,52199],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,52190,118],{"class":94},[50,52192,98],{"class":64},[50,52194,1267],{"class":94},[50,52196,98],{"class":64},[50,52198,2570],{"class":101},[50,52200,478],{"class":64},[20,52202,52203,52204,425],{},"If your code fails because a value is missing, it may help to read ",[421,52205,52207],{"href":52206},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-nonetype-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable",[36,52209,52211],{"id":52210},"how-to-avoid-mistakes","How to avoid mistakes",[20,52213,52214,52215,52217],{},"Before using ",[15,52216,1454],{},", make sure the value is a string or collection.",[20,52219,52220],{},"Helpful debugging steps:",[41,52222,52224],{"className":43,"code":52223,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = None\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(isinstance(value, list))\nprint(isinstance(value, dict))\n",[15,52225,52226,52234,52238,52248,52262,52280,52298],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,52227,52228,52230,52232],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,52229,2544],{"class":56},[50,52231,61],{"class":60},[50,52233,48597],{"class":207},[50,52235,52236],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,52237,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,52239,52240,52242,52244,52246],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,52241,118],{"class":94},[50,52243,98],{"class":64},[50,52245,2570],{"class":101},[50,52247,105],{"class":64},[50,52249,52250,52252,52254,52256,52258,52260],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,52251,118],{"class":94},[50,52253,98],{"class":64},[50,52255,558],{"class":557},[50,52257,98],{"class":64},[50,52259,2570],{"class":101},[50,52261,478],{"class":64},[50,52263,52264,52266,52268,52270,52272,52274,52276,52278],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,52265,118],{"class":94},[50,52267,98],{"class":64},[50,52269,48945],{"class":94},[50,52271,98],{"class":64},[50,52273,2570],{"class":101},[50,52275,72],{"class":64},[50,52277,48974],{"class":557},[50,52279,478],{"class":64},[50,52281,52282,52284,52286,52288,52290,52292,52294,52296],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,52283,118],{"class":94},[50,52285,98],{"class":64},[50,52287,48945],{"class":94},[50,52289,98],{"class":64},[50,52291,2570],{"class":101},[50,52293,72],{"class":64},[50,52295,22629],{"class":557},[50,52297,478],{"class":64},[50,52299,52300,52302,52304,52306,52308,52310,52312,52314],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,52301,118],{"class":94},[50,52303,98],{"class":64},[50,52305,48945],{"class":94},[50,52307,98],{"class":64},[50,52309,2570],{"class":101},[50,52311,72],{"class":64},[50,52313,9251],{"class":557},[50,52315,478],{"class":64},[20,52317,52318],{},"This helps you see what the variable actually contains.",[20,52320,52321],{},"You can also use a safe check:",[41,52323,52325],{"className":43,"code":52324,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = \"hello\"\n\nif value is not None:\n    print(len(value))\n",[15,52326,52327,52339,52343,52357],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,52328,52329,52331,52333,52335,52337],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,52330,2544],{"class":56},[50,52332,61],{"class":60},[50,52334,700],{"class":604},[50,52336,3926],{"class":608},[50,52338,705],{"class":604},[50,52340,52341],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,52342,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,52344,52345,52347,52349,52351,52353,52355],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,52346,7076],{"class":3957},[50,52348,21653],{"class":56},[50,52350,12268],{"class":60},[50,52352,8178],{"class":60},[50,52354,3933],{"class":207},[50,52356,6470],{"class":64},[50,52358,52359,52361,52363,52365,52367,52369],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,52360,8148],{"class":94},[50,52362,98],{"class":64},[50,52364,1267],{"class":94},[50,52366,98],{"class":64},[50,52368,2570],{"class":101},[50,52370,478],{"class":64},[20,52372,52373,52374,425],{},"If you are learning how to inspect values, see ",[421,52375,8521],{"href":2397},[36,52377,1743],{"id":1742},[20,52379,23164,52380,819],{},[15,52381,1454],{},[158,52383,52384,52392,52400,52408,52414],{},[161,52385,914,52386,52388,52389],{},[15,52387,1454],{}," on an integer like ",[15,52390,52391],{},"len(5)",[161,52393,914,52394,52396,52397],{},[15,52395,1454],{}," on a float like ",[15,52398,52399],{},"len(3.14)",[161,52401,914,52402,52404,52405,52407],{},[15,52403,1454],{}," on ",[15,52406,208],{}," after a function returns nothing",[161,52409,1748,52410,52413],{},[15,52411,52412],{},"len(dictionary)"," counts values instead of keys",[161,52415,52416],{},"Forgetting that spaces count in string length",[20,52418,52419],{},"Example of a dictionary misunderstanding:",[41,52421,52423],{"className":43,"code":52422,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(len(person))  # 2\n",[15,52424,52425,52461],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,52426,52427,52429,52431,52433,52435,52437,52439,52441,52443,52445,52447,52449,52451,52453,52455,52457,52459],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,52428,804],{"class":56},[50,52430,61],{"class":60},[50,52432,632],{"class":64},[50,52434,811],{"class":604},[50,52436,814],{"class":608},[50,52438,811],{"class":604},[50,52440,819],{"class":64},[50,52442,700],{"class":604},[50,52444,824],{"class":608},[50,52446,811],{"class":604},[50,52448,72],{"class":64},[50,52450,700],{"class":604},[50,52452,833],{"class":608},[50,52454,811],{"class":604},[50,52456,819],{"class":64},[50,52458,840],{"class":68},[50,52460,645],{"class":64},[50,52462,52463,52465,52467,52469,52471,52473,52475],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,52464,118],{"class":94},[50,52466,98],{"class":64},[50,52468,1267],{"class":94},[50,52470,98],{"class":64},[50,52472,873],{"class":101},[50,52474,5440],{"class":64},[50,52476,51484],{"class":129},[20,52478,37664,52479,52481,52482,4472,52484,425],{},[15,52480,1564],{}," because there are two keys: ",[15,52483,15312],{},[15,52485,52486],{},"\"age\"",[20,52488,52489],{},"Example showing that spaces count:",[41,52491,52493],{"className":43,"code":52492,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"a b\"\nprint(len(text))  # 3\n",[15,52494,52495,52508],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,52496,52497,52499,52501,52503,52506],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,52498,695],{"class":56},[50,52500,61],{"class":60},[50,52502,700],{"class":604},[50,52504,52505],{"class":608},"a b",[50,52507,705],{"class":604},[50,52509,52510,52512,52514,52516,52518,52520,52522],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,52511,118],{"class":94},[50,52513,98],{"class":64},[50,52515,1267],{"class":94},[50,52517,98],{"class":64},[50,52519,718],{"class":101},[50,52521,5440],{"class":64},[50,52523,50840],{"class":129},[20,52525,52526],{},"The space in the middle is counted as a character.",[36,52528,1913],{"id":1912},[222,52530,52532],{"id":52531},"what-does-len-return-in-python","What does len() return in Python?",[20,52534,52535],{},"It returns an integer that shows how many characters or items an object contains.",[222,52537,52539],{"id":52538},"does-len-count-spaces-in-a-string","Does len() count spaces in a string?",[20,52541,52542],{},"Yes. Spaces are characters, so they are included.",[222,52544,52546],{"id":52545},"what-does-len-return-for-a-dictionary","What does len() return for a dictionary?",[20,52548,52549],{},"It returns the number of keys in the dictionary.",[222,52551,52553],{"id":52552},"can-i-use-len-on-a-number","Can I use len() on a number?",[20,52555,52556,52557,52559,52560,2976,52562,52564,52565,425],{},"No. Using ",[15,52558,1454],{}," on an ",[15,52561,2288],{},[15,52563,2291],{}," raises a ",[15,52566,1542],{},[222,52568,52570],{"id":52569},"how-do-i-check-if-a-list-is-empty","How do I check if a list is empty?",[20,52572,7842,52573,425],{},[15,52574,52575],{},"len(my_list) == 0",[20,52577,1602],{},[41,52579,52581],{"className":43,"code":52580,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_list = []\n\nif len(my_list) == 0:\n    print(\"Empty list\")\n",[15,52582,52583,52591,52595,52613],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,52584,52585,52587,52589],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,52586,8387],{"class":56},[50,52588,61],{"class":60},[50,52590,7917],{"class":64},[50,52592,52593],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,52594,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,52596,52597,52599,52601,52603,52605,52607,52609,52611],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,52598,7076],{"class":3957},[50,52600,38454],{"class":94},[50,52602,98],{"class":64},[50,52604,8418],{"class":101},[50,52606,126],{"class":64},[50,52608,6485],{"class":60},[50,52610,3914],{"class":68},[50,52612,6470],{"class":64},[50,52614,52615,52617,52619,52621,52624,52626],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,52616,8148],{"class":94},[50,52618,98],{"class":64},[50,52620,811],{"class":604},[50,52622,52623],{"class":608},"Empty list",[50,52625,811],{"class":604},[50,52627,105],{"class":64},[20,52629,52630,52631,52633,52634,52636,52637,52639],{},"You should also learn that an empty list is treated as ",[15,52632,218],{}," in an ",[15,52635,7076],{}," statement, but ",[15,52638,1454],{}," is often clearer for beginners.",[36,52641,1975],{"id":1974},[158,52643,52644,52648,52652,52656,52661,52665,52671],{},[161,52645,52646],{},[421,52647,51046],{"href":51045},[161,52649,52650],{},[421,52651,51049],{"href":1908},[161,52653,52654],{},[421,52655,9236],{"href":9235},[161,52657,52658],{},[421,52659,52660],{"href":51615},"How to get the length of a list in Python",[161,52662,52663],{},[421,52664,8521],{"href":2397},[161,52666,52667],{},[421,52668,52670],{"href":52669},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable fix",[161,52672,52673],{},[421,52674,52675],{"href":52206},"TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable fix",[2018,52677,52678],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":52680},[52681,52682,52683,52684,52685,52686,52687,52693,52694,52695,52696,52703],{"id":2104,"depth":86,"text":2105},{"id":50848,"depth":86,"text":50849},{"id":180,"depth":86,"text":181},{"id":51192,"depth":86,"text":51193},{"id":51379,"depth":86,"text":51380},{"id":51619,"depth":86,"text":51620},{"id":41114,"depth":86,"text":41115,"children":52688},[52689,52690,52691,52692],{"id":51838,"depth":108,"text":51839},{"id":51892,"depth":108,"text":51893},{"id":51943,"depth":108,"text":51944},{"id":52024,"depth":108,"text":52025},{"id":52096,"depth":86,"text":52097},{"id":52210,"depth":86,"text":52211},{"id":1742,"depth":86,"text":1743},{"id":1912,"depth":86,"text":1913,"children":52697},[52698,52699,52700,52701,52702],{"id":52531,"depth":108,"text":52532},{"id":52538,"depth":108,"text":52539},{"id":52545,"depth":108,"text":52546},{"id":52552,"depth":108,"text":52553},{"id":52569,"depth":108,"text":52570},{"id":1974,"depth":86,"text":1975},"Master python len function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained",{"title":50731,"description":52704},"reference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained","du6gacH3zkUY8V4BWqahXrJZO1Il9uelaQIY05kGhk4",{"id":52711,"title":52712,"body":52713,"description":54397,"extension":2064,"meta":54398,"navigation":111,"path":54399,"seo":54400,"stem":54401,"__hash__":54402},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method.md","Python List append() Method",{"type":7,"value":52714,"toc":54370},[52715,52718,52732,52738,52740,52794,52799,52803,52819,52822,52836,52841,52843,52846,52865,52881,52883,52959,52961,52998,53009,53011,53014,53075,53077,53110,53113,53119,53123,53126,53251,53253,53312,53320,53373,53375,53402,53408,53418,53422,53425,53430,53482,53484,53510,53516,53570,53572,53597,53600,53624,53630,53632,53636,53638,53695,53697,53705,53707,53729,53731,53784,53786,53810,53814,53816,53855,53857,53865,53871,53875,53927,53929,53955,53963,53967,53972,53981,53983,54049,54051,54083,54087,54092,54094,54108,54111,54184,54186,54212,54214,54218,54225,54229,54236,54240,54243,54245,54298,54300,54326,54330,54339,54341,54367],[10,52716,52712],{"id":52717},"python-list-append-method",[20,52719,1185,52720,52723,52724,52727,52728,52731],{},[15,52721,52722],{},"append()"," method adds ",[3824,52725,52726],{},"one item"," to the ",[3824,52729,52730],{},"end"," of a Python list.",[20,52733,52734,52735,52737],{},"Use it when you want to grow a list step by step. This method changes the original list directly, so it does ",[3824,52736,4709],{}," create a new list.",[36,52739,39],{"id":38},[41,52741,52743],{"className":43,"code":52742,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.append(4)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,52744,52745,52765,52779,52789],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,52746,52747,52749,52751,52753,52755,52757,52759,52761,52763],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,52748,57],{"class":56},[50,52750,61],{"class":60},[50,52752,65],{"class":64},[50,52754,366],{"class":68},[50,52756,72],{"class":64},[50,52758,80],{"class":68},[50,52760,72],{"class":64},[50,52762,500],{"class":68},[50,52764,83],{"class":64},[50,52766,52767,52769,52771,52773,52775,52777],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,52768,102],{"class":56},[50,52770,425],{"class":64},[50,52772,13626],{"class":101},[50,52774,98],{"class":64},[50,52776,2602],{"class":68},[50,52778,105],{"class":64},[50,52780,52781,52783,52785,52787],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,52782,118],{"class":94},[50,52784,98],{"class":64},[50,52786,102],{"class":101},[50,52788,105],{"class":64},[50,52790,52791],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,52792,52793],{"class":129},"# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,52795,920,52796,52798],{},[15,52797,52722],{}," to add one item to the end of a list. It changes the original list.",[36,52800,52802],{"id":52801},"what-append-does","What append() does",[158,52804,52805,52810,52813,52816],{},[161,52806,52807,52809],{},[15,52808,52722],{}," adds one item to the end of a list",[161,52811,52812],{},"It changes the existing list in place",[161,52814,52815],{},"It does not create a new list",[161,52817,52818],{},"It can add any Python object as one item",[20,52820,52821],{},"This means you can append:",[158,52823,52824,52826,52828,52830,52832,52834],{},[161,52825,102],{},[161,52827,5388],{},[161,52829,40663],{},[161,52831,5379],{},[161,52833,7330],{},[161,52835,34733],{},[20,52837,52838,52839,425],{},"If you need a broader introduction to lists first, see ",[421,52840,1909],{"href":1908},[36,52842,5510],{"id":5509},[20,52844,52845],{},"Basic form:",[41,52847,52849],{"className":43,"code":52848,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_list.append(item)\n",[15,52850,52851],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,52852,52853,52855,52857,52859,52861,52863],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,52854,8418],{"class":56},[50,52856,425],{"class":64},[50,52858,13626],{"class":101},[50,52860,98],{"class":64},[50,52862,23379],{"class":101},[50,52864,105],{"class":64},[158,52866,52867,52872,52877],{},[161,52868,52869,52871],{},[15,52870,8418],{}," is the list you want to change",[161,52873,52874,52876],{},[15,52875,23379],{}," is the value or object to add",[161,52878,11985,52879],{},[15,52880,208],{},[20,52882,1602],{},[41,52884,52886],{"className":43,"code":52885,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nresult = fruits.append(\"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(result)\n",[15,52887,52888,52912,52935,52939,52949],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,52889,52890,52892,52894,52896,52898,52900,52902,52904,52906,52908,52910],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,52891,36307],{"class":56},[50,52893,61],{"class":60},[50,52895,65],{"class":64},[50,52897,811],{"class":604},[50,52899,1049],{"class":608},[50,52901,811],{"class":604},[50,52903,72],{"class":64},[50,52905,700],{"class":604},[50,52907,1058],{"class":608},[50,52909,811],{"class":604},[50,52911,83],{"class":64},[50,52913,52914,52916,52918,52921,52923,52925,52927,52929,52931,52933],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,52915,89],{"class":56},[50,52917,61],{"class":60},[50,52919,52920],{"class":56}," fruits",[50,52922,425],{"class":64},[50,52924,13626],{"class":101},[50,52926,98],{"class":64},[50,52928,811],{"class":604},[50,52930,33291],{"class":608},[50,52932,811],{"class":604},[50,52934,105],{"class":64},[50,52936,52937],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,52938,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,52940,52941,52943,52945,52947],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,52942,118],{"class":94},[50,52944,98],{"class":64},[50,52946,36359],{"class":101},[50,52948,105],{"class":64},[50,52950,52951,52953,52955,52957],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,52952,118],{"class":94},[50,52954,98],{"class":64},[50,52956,123],{"class":101},[50,52958,105],{"class":64},[20,52960,353],{},[41,52962,52964],{"className":43,"code":52963,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\nNone\n",[15,52965,52966,52994],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,52967,52968,52970,52972,52974,52976,52978,52980,52982,52984,52986,52988,52990,52992],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,52969,363],{"class":64},[50,52971,611],{"class":604},[50,52973,1049],{"class":608},[50,52975,611],{"class":604},[50,52977,72],{"class":64},[50,52979,605],{"class":604},[50,52981,1058],{"class":608},[50,52983,611],{"class":604},[50,52985,72],{"class":64},[50,52987,605],{"class":604},[50,52989,33291],{"class":608},[50,52991,611],{"class":604},[50,52993,83],{"class":64},[50,52995,52996],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,52997,11882],{"class":207},[20,52999,53000,53001,53003,53004,53006,53007,425],{},"The important detail is that ",[15,53002,52722],{}," updates ",[15,53005,36359],{},", but the method itself returns ",[15,53008,208],{},[36,53010,271],{"id":270},[20,53012,53013],{},"Start with a short list, append one value, then print the list.",[41,53015,53017],{"className":43,"code":53016,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.append(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,53018,53019,53043,53061,53065],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,53020,53021,53023,53025,53027,53029,53031,53033,53035,53037,53039,53041],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,53022,13149],{"class":56},[50,53024,61],{"class":60},[50,53026,65],{"class":64},[50,53028,811],{"class":604},[50,53030,13166],{"class":608},[50,53032,811],{"class":604},[50,53034,72],{"class":64},[50,53036,700],{"class":604},[50,53038,13183],{"class":608},[50,53040,811],{"class":604},[50,53042,83],{"class":64},[50,53044,53045,53047,53049,53051,53053,53055,53057,53059],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,53046,17572],{"class":56},[50,53048,425],{"class":64},[50,53050,13626],{"class":101},[50,53052,98],{"class":64},[50,53054,811],{"class":604},[50,53056,17525],{"class":608},[50,53058,811],{"class":604},[50,53060,105],{"class":64},[50,53062,53063],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,53064,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,53066,53067,53069,53071,53073],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,53068,118],{"class":94},[50,53070,98],{"class":64},[50,53072,17572],{"class":101},[50,53074,105],{"class":64},[20,53076,353],{},[41,53078,53080],{"className":43,"code":53079,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,53081,53082],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,53083,53084,53086,53088,53090,53092,53094,53096,53098,53100,53102,53104,53106,53108],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,53085,363],{"class":64},[50,53087,611],{"class":604},[50,53089,13166],{"class":608},[50,53091,611],{"class":604},[50,53093,72],{"class":64},[50,53095,605],{"class":604},[50,53097,13183],{"class":608},[50,53099,611],{"class":604},[50,53101,72],{"class":64},[50,53103,605],{"class":604},[50,53105,17525],{"class":608},[50,53107,611],{"class":604},[50,53109,83],{"class":64},[20,53111,53112],{},"The new item becomes the last item in the list.",[20,53114,31152,53115,425],{},[421,53116,53118],{"href":53117},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to add an item to a list in Python",[36,53120,53122],{"id":53121},"appending-different-data-types","Appending different data types",[20,53124,53125],{},"You can append many kinds of values.",[41,53127,53129],{"className":43,"code":53128,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = []\n\nitems.append(10)\nitems.append(\"hello\")\nitems.append(True)\nitems.append({\"name\": \"Sam\"})\nitems.append([1, 2, 3])\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53130,53131,53139,53143,53157,53175,53189,53215,53237,53241],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,53132,53133,53135,53137],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,53134,7859],{"class":56},[50,53136,61],{"class":60},[50,53138,7917],{"class":64},[50,53140,53141],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,53142,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,53144,53145,53147,53149,53151,53153,53155],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,53146,7888],{"class":56},[50,53148,425],{"class":64},[50,53150,13626],{"class":101},[50,53152,98],{"class":64},[50,53154,1618],{"class":68},[50,53156,105],{"class":64},[50,53158,53159,53161,53163,53165,53167,53169,53171,53173],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,53160,7888],{"class":56},[50,53162,425],{"class":64},[50,53164,13626],{"class":101},[50,53166,98],{"class":64},[50,53168,811],{"class":604},[50,53170,3926],{"class":608},[50,53172,811],{"class":604},[50,53174,105],{"class":64},[50,53176,53177,53179,53181,53183,53185,53187],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,53178,7888],{"class":56},[50,53180,425],{"class":64},[50,53182,13626],{"class":101},[50,53184,98],{"class":64},[50,53186,247],{"class":207},[50,53188,105],{"class":64},[50,53190,53191,53193,53195,53197,53199,53201,53203,53205,53207,53209,53211,53213],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,53192,7888],{"class":56},[50,53194,425],{"class":64},[50,53196,13626],{"class":101},[50,53198,5607],{"class":64},[50,53200,811],{"class":604},[50,53202,814],{"class":608},[50,53204,811],{"class":604},[50,53206,819],{"class":64},[50,53208,700],{"class":604},[50,53210,7756],{"class":608},[50,53212,811],{"class":604},[50,53214,30565],{"class":64},[50,53216,53217,53219,53221,53223,53225,53227,53229,53231,53233,53235],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,53218,7888],{"class":56},[50,53220,425],{"class":64},[50,53222,13626],{"class":101},[50,53224,1792],{"class":64},[50,53226,366],{"class":68},[50,53228,72],{"class":64},[50,53230,80],{"class":68},[50,53232,72],{"class":64},[50,53234,500],{"class":68},[50,53236,3970],{"class":64},[50,53238,53239],{"class":52,"line":6503},[50,53240,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,53242,53243,53245,53247,53249],{"class":52,"line":6509},[50,53244,118],{"class":94},[50,53246,98],{"class":64},[50,53248,7888],{"class":101},[50,53250,105],{"class":64},[20,53252,353],{},[41,53254,53256],{"className":43,"code":53255,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[10, 'hello', True, {'name': 'Sam'}, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,53257,53258],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,53259,53260,53262,53264,53266,53268,53270,53272,53274,53276,53278,53280,53282,53284,53286,53288,53290,53292,53294,53297,53299,53301,53303,53305,53307,53309],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,53261,363],{"class":64},[50,53263,1618],{"class":68},[50,53265,72],{"class":64},[50,53267,605],{"class":604},[50,53269,3926],{"class":608},[50,53271,611],{"class":604},[50,53273,72],{"class":64},[50,53275,3997],{"class":207},[50,53277,72],{"class":64},[50,53279,632],{"class":64},[50,53281,611],{"class":604},[50,53283,814],{"class":608},[50,53285,611],{"class":604},[50,53287,819],{"class":64},[50,53289,605],{"class":604},[50,53291,7756],{"class":608},[50,53293,611],{"class":604},[50,53295,53296],{"class":64},"},",[50,53298,65],{"class":64},[50,53300,366],{"class":68},[50,53302,72],{"class":64},[50,53304,80],{"class":68},[50,53306,72],{"class":64},[50,53308,500],{"class":68},[50,53310,53311],{"class":64},"]]\n",[20,53313,53314,53315,42225,53317,425],{},"A list added with ",[15,53316,52722],{},[3824,53318,53319],{},"one single item",[41,53321,53323],{"className":43,"code":53322,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,53324,53325,53341,53359,53363],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,53326,53327,53329,53331,53333,53335,53337,53339],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,53328,57],{"class":56},[50,53330,61],{"class":60},[50,53332,65],{"class":64},[50,53334,366],{"class":68},[50,53336,72],{"class":64},[50,53338,80],{"class":68},[50,53340,83],{"class":64},[50,53342,53343,53345,53347,53349,53351,53353,53355,53357],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,53344,102],{"class":56},[50,53346,425],{"class":64},[50,53348,13626],{"class":101},[50,53350,1792],{"class":64},[50,53352,69],{"class":68},[50,53354,72],{"class":64},[50,53356,2554],{"class":68},[50,53358,3970],{"class":64},[50,53360,53361],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,53362,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,53364,53365,53367,53369,53371],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,53366,118],{"class":94},[50,53368,98],{"class":64},[50,53370,102],{"class":101},[50,53372,105],{"class":64},[20,53374,353],{},[41,53376,53378],{"className":43,"code":53377,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,53379,53380],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,53381,53382,53384,53386,53388,53390,53392,53394,53396,53398,53400],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,53383,363],{"class":64},[50,53385,366],{"class":68},[50,53387,72],{"class":64},[50,53389,80],{"class":68},[50,53391,72],{"class":64},[50,53393,65],{"class":64},[50,53395,69],{"class":68},[50,53397,72],{"class":64},[50,53399,2554],{"class":68},[50,53401,53311],{"class":64},[20,53403,2384,53404,53407],{},[15,53405,53406],{},"[3, 4]"," was added as one nested list item.",[20,53409,53410,53411,53417],{},"This is different from ",[421,53412,53414],{"href":53413},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method\u002F",[15,53415,53416],{},"list.extend()",", which adds items one by one from another iterable.",[36,53419,53421],{"id":53420},"append-vs-extend","append() vs extend()",[20,53423,53424],{},"This is one of the most common beginner questions.",[222,53426,914,53428],{"id":53427},"using-append",[15,53429,52722],{},[41,53431,53432],{"className":43,"code":53322,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,53433,53434,53450,53468,53472],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,53435,53436,53438,53440,53442,53444,53446,53448],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,53437,57],{"class":56},[50,53439,61],{"class":60},[50,53441,65],{"class":64},[50,53443,366],{"class":68},[50,53445,72],{"class":64},[50,53447,80],{"class":68},[50,53449,83],{"class":64},[50,53451,53452,53454,53456,53458,53460,53462,53464,53466],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,53453,102],{"class":56},[50,53455,425],{"class":64},[50,53457,13626],{"class":101},[50,53459,1792],{"class":64},[50,53461,69],{"class":68},[50,53463,72],{"class":64},[50,53465,2554],{"class":68},[50,53467,3970],{"class":64},[50,53469,53470],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,53471,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,53473,53474,53476,53478,53480],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,53475,118],{"class":94},[50,53477,98],{"class":64},[50,53479,102],{"class":101},[50,53481,105],{"class":64},[20,53483,353],{},[41,53485,53486],{"className":43,"code":53377,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,53487,53488],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,53489,53490,53492,53494,53496,53498,53500,53502,53504,53506,53508],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,53491,363],{"class":64},[50,53493,366],{"class":68},[50,53495,72],{"class":64},[50,53497,80],{"class":68},[50,53499,72],{"class":64},[50,53501,65],{"class":64},[50,53503,69],{"class":68},[50,53505,72],{"class":64},[50,53507,2554],{"class":68},[50,53509,53311],{"class":64},[222,53511,914,53513],{"id":53512},"using-extend",[15,53514,53515],{},"extend()",[41,53517,53519],{"className":43,"code":53518,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,53520,53521,53537,53556,53560],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,53522,53523,53525,53527,53529,53531,53533,53535],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,53524,57],{"class":56},[50,53526,61],{"class":60},[50,53528,65],{"class":64},[50,53530,366],{"class":68},[50,53532,72],{"class":64},[50,53534,80],{"class":68},[50,53536,83],{"class":64},[50,53538,53539,53541,53543,53546,53548,53550,53552,53554],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,53540,102],{"class":56},[50,53542,425],{"class":64},[50,53544,53545],{"class":101},"extend",[50,53547,1792],{"class":64},[50,53549,69],{"class":68},[50,53551,72],{"class":64},[50,53553,2554],{"class":68},[50,53555,3970],{"class":64},[50,53557,53558],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,53559,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,53561,53562,53564,53566,53568],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,53563,118],{"class":94},[50,53565,98],{"class":64},[50,53567,102],{"class":101},[50,53569,105],{"class":64},[20,53571,353],{},[41,53573,53575],{"className":43,"code":53574,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,53576,53577],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,53578,53579,53581,53583,53585,53587,53589,53591,53593,53595],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,53580,363],{"class":64},[50,53582,366],{"class":68},[50,53584,72],{"class":64},[50,53586,80],{"class":68},[50,53588,72],{"class":64},[50,53590,500],{"class":68},[50,53592,72],{"class":64},[50,53594,2554],{"class":68},[50,53596,83],{"class":64},[20,53598,53599],{},"The difference:",[158,53601,53602,53608,53614,53619],{},[161,53603,53604,53607],{},[15,53605,53606],{},"append([3, 4])"," adds one item: the whole list",[161,53609,53610,53613],{},[15,53611,53612],{},"extend([3, 4])"," adds two separate items",[161,53615,920,53616,53618],{},[15,53617,52722],{}," for one item",[161,53620,920,53621,53623],{},[15,53622,53515],{}," for multiple items from another iterable",[20,53625,53626,53627,425],{},"For the full method reference, see ",[421,53628,53629],{"href":53413},"Python list extend() method",[36,53631,4598],{"id":4597},[222,53633,53635],{"id":53634},"assigning-the-result-of-append","Assigning the result of append()",[20,53637,25759],{},[41,53639,53641],{"className":43,"code":53640,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53642,53643,53663,53681,53685],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,53644,53645,53647,53649,53651,53653,53655,53657,53659,53661],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,53646,7859],{"class":56},[50,53648,61],{"class":60},[50,53650,65],{"class":64},[50,53652,366],{"class":68},[50,53654,72],{"class":64},[50,53656,80],{"class":68},[50,53658,72],{"class":64},[50,53660,500],{"class":68},[50,53662,83],{"class":64},[50,53664,53665,53667,53669,53671,53673,53675,53677,53679],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,53666,7859],{"class":56},[50,53668,61],{"class":60},[50,53670,6043],{"class":56},[50,53672,425],{"class":64},[50,53674,13626],{"class":101},[50,53676,98],{"class":64},[50,53678,2602],{"class":68},[50,53680,105],{"class":64},[50,53682,53683],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,53684,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,53686,53687,53689,53691,53693],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,53688,118],{"class":94},[50,53690,98],{"class":64},[50,53692,7888],{"class":101},[50,53694,105],{"class":64},[20,53696,353],{},[41,53698,53699],{"className":43,"code":11882,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,53700,53701],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,53702,53703],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,53704,11882],{"class":207},[20,53706,11974],{},[158,53708,53709,53714,53720],{},[161,53710,53711,53713],{},[15,53712,52722],{}," changes the list in place",[161,53715,53716,2494,53718],{},[15,53717,52722],{},[15,53719,208],{},[161,53721,53722,53723,53726,53727],{},"So ",[15,53724,53725],{},"items = items.append(4)"," replaces your list with ",[15,53728,208],{},[20,53730,10883],{},[41,53732,53734],{"className":43,"code":53733,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53735,53736,53756,53770,53774],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,53737,53738,53740,53742,53744,53746,53748,53750,53752,53754],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,53739,7859],{"class":56},[50,53741,61],{"class":60},[50,53743,65],{"class":64},[50,53745,366],{"class":68},[50,53747,72],{"class":64},[50,53749,80],{"class":68},[50,53751,72],{"class":64},[50,53753,500],{"class":68},[50,53755,83],{"class":64},[50,53757,53758,53760,53762,53764,53766,53768],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,53759,7888],{"class":56},[50,53761,425],{"class":64},[50,53763,13626],{"class":101},[50,53765,98],{"class":64},[50,53767,2602],{"class":68},[50,53769,105],{"class":64},[50,53771,53772],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,53773,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,53775,53776,53778,53780,53782],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,53777,118],{"class":94},[50,53779,98],{"class":64},[50,53781,7888],{"class":101},[50,53783,105],{"class":64},[20,53785,353],{},[41,53787,53788],{"className":43,"code":53574,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,53789,53790],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,53791,53792,53794,53796,53798,53800,53802,53804,53806,53808],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,53793,363],{"class":64},[50,53795,366],{"class":68},[50,53797,72],{"class":64},[50,53799,80],{"class":68},[50,53801,72],{"class":64},[50,53803,500],{"class":68},[50,53805,72],{"class":64},[50,53807,2554],{"class":68},[50,53809,83],{"class":64},[222,53811,53813],{"id":53812},"expecting-append-to-return-the-updated-list","Expecting append() to return the updated list",[20,53815,18983],{},[41,53817,53819],{"className":43,"code":53818,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"updated = [1, 2].append(3)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,53820,53821,53845],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,53822,53823,53825,53827,53829,53831,53833,53835,53837,53839,53841,53843],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,53824,31952],{"class":56},[50,53826,61],{"class":60},[50,53828,65],{"class":64},[50,53830,366],{"class":68},[50,53832,72],{"class":64},[50,53834,80],{"class":68},[50,53836,13623],{"class":64},[50,53838,13626],{"class":101},[50,53840,98],{"class":64},[50,53842,69],{"class":68},[50,53844,105],{"class":64},[50,53846,53847,53849,53851,53853],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,53848,118],{"class":94},[50,53850,98],{"class":64},[50,53852,31971],{"class":101},[50,53854,105],{"class":64},[20,53856,353],{},[41,53858,53859],{"className":43,"code":11882,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,53860,53861],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,53862,53863],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,53864,11882],{"class":207},[20,53866,53867,53868,53870],{},"Remember: ",[15,53869,52722],{}," updates the list you already have.",[222,53872,53874],{"id":53873},"using-append-when-extend-is-needed","Using append() when extend() is needed",[41,53876,53877],{"className":43,"code":53322,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,53878,53879,53895,53913,53917],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,53880,53881,53883,53885,53887,53889,53891,53893],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,53882,57],{"class":56},[50,53884,61],{"class":60},[50,53886,65],{"class":64},[50,53888,366],{"class":68},[50,53890,72],{"class":64},[50,53892,80],{"class":68},[50,53894,83],{"class":64},[50,53896,53897,53899,53901,53903,53905,53907,53909,53911],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,53898,102],{"class":56},[50,53900,425],{"class":64},[50,53902,13626],{"class":101},[50,53904,1792],{"class":64},[50,53906,69],{"class":68},[50,53908,72],{"class":64},[50,53910,2554],{"class":68},[50,53912,3970],{"class":64},[50,53914,53915],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,53916,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,53918,53919,53921,53923,53925],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,53920,118],{"class":94},[50,53922,98],{"class":64},[50,53924,102],{"class":101},[50,53926,105],{"class":64},[20,53928,353],{},[41,53930,53931],{"className":43,"code":53377,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,53932,53933],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,53934,53935,53937,53939,53941,53943,53945,53947,53949,53951,53953],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,53936,363],{"class":64},[50,53938,366],{"class":68},[50,53940,72],{"class":64},[50,53942,80],{"class":68},[50,53944,72],{"class":64},[50,53946,65],{"class":64},[50,53948,69],{"class":68},[50,53950,72],{"class":64},[50,53952,2554],{"class":68},[50,53954,53311],{"class":64},[20,53956,3264,53957,53960,53961,6709],{},[15,53958,53959],{},"[1, 2, 3, 4]",", use ",[15,53962,53515],{},[222,53964,53966],{"id":53965},"forgetting-that-append-always-adds-at-the-end","Forgetting that append() always adds at the end",[20,53968,53969,53971],{},[15,53970,52722],{}," cannot choose a position. It always adds the new item at the end of the list.",[20,53973,53974,53975,425],{},"If you need to add an item at a specific index, use ",[421,53976,53978],{"href":53977},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method\u002F",[15,53979,53980],{},"list.insert()",[20,53982,1602],{},[41,53984,53986],{"className":43,"code":53985,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,53987,53988,54012,54035,54039],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,53989,53990,53992,53994,53996,53998,54000,54002,54004,54006,54008,54010],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,53991,36160],{"class":56},[50,53993,61],{"class":60},[50,53995,65],{"class":64},[50,53997,811],{"class":604},[50,53999,421],{"class":608},[50,54001,811],{"class":604},[50,54003,72],{"class":64},[50,54005,700],{"class":604},[50,54007,9817],{"class":608},[50,54009,811],{"class":604},[50,54011,83],{"class":64},[50,54013,54014,54016,54018,54021,54023,54025,54027,54029,54031,54033],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,54015,36213],{"class":56},[50,54017,425],{"class":64},[50,54019,54020],{"class":101},"insert",[50,54022,98],{"class":64},[50,54024,366],{"class":68},[50,54026,72],{"class":64},[50,54028,700],{"class":604},[50,54030,4839],{"class":608},[50,54032,811],{"class":604},[50,54034,105],{"class":64},[50,54036,54037],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,54038,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,54040,54041,54043,54045,54047],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,54042,118],{"class":94},[50,54044,98],{"class":64},[50,54046,36213],{"class":101},[50,54048,105],{"class":64},[20,54050,353],{},[41,54052,54053],{"className":43,"code":42944,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,54054,54055],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,54056,54057,54059,54061,54063,54065,54067,54069,54071,54073,54075,54077,54079,54081],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,54058,363],{"class":64},[50,54060,611],{"class":604},[50,54062,421],{"class":608},[50,54064,611],{"class":604},[50,54066,72],{"class":64},[50,54068,605],{"class":604},[50,54070,4839],{"class":608},[50,54072,611],{"class":604},[50,54074,72],{"class":64},[50,54076,605],{"class":604},[50,54078,9817],{"class":608},[50,54080,611],{"class":604},[50,54082,83],{"class":64},[36,54084,54086],{"id":54085},"when-to-use-append","When to use append()",[20,54088,54089,54091],{},[15,54090,52722],{}," is useful when you are adding items one at a time.",[20,54093,36494],{},[158,54095,54096,54099,54102,54105],{},[161,54097,54098],{},"building a list in a loop",[161,54100,54101],{},"collecting user input",[161,54103,54104],{},"storing results step by step",[161,54106,54107],{},"adding one new item to existing data",[20,54109,54110],{},"Example with a loop:",[41,54112,54114],{"className":43,"code":54113,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"squares = []\n\nfor number in range(1, 5):\n    squares.append(number * number)\n\nprint(squares)\n",[15,54115,54116,54125,54129,54150,54169,54173],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,54117,54118,54121,54123],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,54119,54120],{"class":56},"squares ",[50,54122,61],{"class":60},[50,54124,7917],{"class":64},[50,54126,54127],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,54128,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,54130,54131,54133,54135,54137,54140,54142,54144,54146,54148],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,54132,6035],{"class":3957},[50,54134,6463],{"class":56},[50,54136,3964],{"class":3957},[50,54138,54139],{"class":94}," range",[50,54141,98],{"class":64},[50,54143,366],{"class":68},[50,54145,72],{"class":64},[50,54147,375],{"class":68},[50,54149,8421],{"class":64},[50,54151,54152,54155,54157,54159,54161,54163,54165,54167],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,54153,54154],{"class":56},"    squares",[50,54156,425],{"class":64},[50,54158,13626],{"class":101},[50,54160,98],{"class":64},[50,54162,2316],{"class":101},[50,54164,39941],{"class":60},[50,54166,2296],{"class":101},[50,54168,105],{"class":64},[50,54170,54171],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,54172,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,54174,54175,54177,54179,54182],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,54176,118],{"class":94},[50,54178,98],{"class":64},[50,54180,54181],{"class":101},"squares",[50,54183,105],{"class":64},[20,54185,353],{},[41,54187,54189],{"className":43,"code":54188,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[1, 4, 9, 16]\n",[15,54190,54191],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,54192,54193,54195,54197,54199,54201,54203,54206,54208,54210],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,54194,363],{"class":64},[50,54196,366],{"class":68},[50,54198,72],{"class":64},[50,54200,2554],{"class":68},[50,54202,72],{"class":64},[50,54204,54205],{"class":68}," 9",[50,54207,72],{"class":64},[50,54209,14060],{"class":68},[50,54211,83],{"class":64},[36,54213,1913],{"id":1912},[222,54215,54217],{"id":54216},"does-append-return-a-new-list","Does append() return a new list?",[20,54219,46435,54220,54222,54223,425],{},[15,54221,52722],{}," changes the original list and returns ",[15,54224,208],{},[222,54226,54228],{"id":54227},"can-append-add-multiple-items-at-once","Can append() add multiple items at once?",[20,54230,54231,54232,425],{},"No. It adds one item. To add multiple items from another iterable, use ",[421,54233,54234],{"href":53413},[15,54235,53515],{},[222,54237,54239],{"id":54238},"what-happens-if-i-append-a-list","What happens if I append a list?",[20,54241,54242],{},"The whole list is added as one item at the end, creating a nested list.",[20,54244,1602],{},[41,54246,54248],{"className":43,"code":54247,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = [1, 2]\ndata.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,54249,54250,54266,54284,54288],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,54251,54252,54254,54256,54258,54260,54262,54264],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,54253,9246],{"class":56},[50,54255,61],{"class":60},[50,54257,65],{"class":64},[50,54259,366],{"class":68},[50,54261,72],{"class":64},[50,54263,80],{"class":68},[50,54265,83],{"class":64},[50,54267,54268,54270,54272,54274,54276,54278,54280,54282],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,54269,9284],{"class":56},[50,54271,425],{"class":64},[50,54273,13626],{"class":101},[50,54275,1792],{"class":64},[50,54277,69],{"class":68},[50,54279,72],{"class":64},[50,54281,2554],{"class":68},[50,54283,3970],{"class":64},[50,54285,54286],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,54287,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,54289,54290,54292,54294,54296],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,54291,118],{"class":94},[50,54293,98],{"class":64},[50,54295,9284],{"class":101},[50,54297,105],{"class":64},[20,54299,353],{},[41,54301,54302],{"className":43,"code":53377,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,54303,54304],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,54305,54306,54308,54310,54312,54314,54316,54318,54320,54322,54324],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,54307,363],{"class":64},[50,54309,366],{"class":68},[50,54311,72],{"class":64},[50,54313,80],{"class":68},[50,54315,72],{"class":64},[50,54317,65],{"class":64},[50,54319,69],{"class":68},[50,54321,72],{"class":64},[50,54323,2554],{"class":68},[50,54325,53311],{"class":64},[222,54327,54329],{"id":54328},"what-is-the-difference-between-append-and-insert","What is the difference between append() and insert()?",[20,54331,54332,54334,54335,54338],{},[15,54333,52722],{}," adds at the end. ",[15,54336,54337],{},"insert()"," adds at a specific position.",[36,54340,1975],{"id":1974},[158,54342,54343,54348,54352,54357,54361],{},[161,54344,54345],{},[421,54346,54347],{"href":53117},"How to add an item to a list in Python",[161,54349,54350],{},[421,54351,53629],{"href":53413},[161,54353,54354],{},[421,54355,54356],{"href":53977},"Python list insert() method",[161,54358,54359],{},[421,54360,1909],{"href":1908},[161,54362,54363],{},[421,54364,54366],{"href":54365},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-list-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","Fix list-related AttributeError problems",[2018,54368,54369],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":54371},[54372,54373,54374,54375,54376,54377,54383,54389,54390,54396],{"id":38,"depth":86,"text":39},{"id":52801,"depth":86,"text":52802},{"id":5509,"depth":86,"text":5510},{"id":270,"depth":86,"text":271},{"id":53121,"depth":86,"text":53122},{"id":53420,"depth":86,"text":53421,"children":54378},[54379,54381],{"id":53427,"depth":108,"text":54380},"Using append()",{"id":53512,"depth":108,"text":54382},"Using extend()",{"id":4597,"depth":86,"text":4598,"children":54384},[54385,54386,54387,54388],{"id":53634,"depth":108,"text":53635},{"id":53812,"depth":108,"text":53813},{"id":53873,"depth":108,"text":53874},{"id":53965,"depth":108,"text":53966},{"id":54085,"depth":86,"text":54086},{"id":1912,"depth":86,"text":1913,"children":54391},[54392,54393,54394,54395],{"id":54216,"depth":108,"text":54217},{"id":54227,"depth":108,"text":54228},{"id":54238,"depth":108,"text":54239},{"id":54328,"depth":108,"text":54329},{"id":1974,"depth":86,"text":1975},"Master python list append method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method",{"title":52712,"description":54397},"reference\u002Fpython-list-append-method","cBBksi6Gcs0V4z_ykk5oU9TSrL_TTVPGb-hIaffmg1I",{"id":54404,"title":54405,"body":54406,"description":55649,"extension":2064,"meta":55650,"navigation":111,"path":55651,"seo":55652,"stem":55653,"__hash__":55654},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method.md","Python List clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":54407,"toc":55614},[54408,54414,54420,54426,54428,54476,54481,54486,54490,54506,54512,54514,54517,54532,54534,54545,54547,54549,54606,54608,54616,54618,54634,54640,54642,54648,54652,54736,54739,54788,54795,54803,54806,54820,54833,54839,54914,54921,54928,55002,55010,55013,55024,55033,55037,55041,55052,55054,55131,55152,55154,55164,55167,55215,55217,55237,55240,55242,55293,55299,55306,55373,55379,55385,55388,55415,55420,55426,55429,55501,55504,55515,55521,55523,55529,55532,55538,55544,55551,55559,55565,55571,55573,55611],[10,54409,54411,54412,11397],{"id":54410},"python-list-clear-method","Python List ",[15,54413,11396],{},[20,54415,54416,54419],{},[15,54417,54418],{},"list.clear()"," removes every item from a list.",[20,54421,54422,54423,54425],{},"Use it when you want to empty an existing list ",[3824,54424,11409],{},". This is useful when you want to keep using the same list object, but remove all of its contents.",[36,54427,39],{"id":38},[41,54429,54431],{"className":43,"code":54430,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,54432,54433,54453,54463],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,54434,54435,54437,54439,54441,54443,54445,54447,54449,54451],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,54436,7859],{"class":56},[50,54438,61],{"class":60},[50,54440,65],{"class":64},[50,54442,366],{"class":68},[50,54444,72],{"class":64},[50,54446,80],{"class":68},[50,54448,72],{"class":64},[50,54450,500],{"class":68},[50,54452,83],{"class":64},[50,54454,54455,54457,54459,54461],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,54456,7888],{"class":56},[50,54458,425],{"class":64},[50,54460,11458],{"class":101},[50,54462,8722],{"class":64},[50,54464,54465,54467,54469,54471,54473],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,54466,118],{"class":94},[50,54468,98],{"class":64},[50,54470,7888],{"class":101},[50,54472,126],{"class":64},[50,54474,54475],{"class":129},"  # []\n",[20,54477,920,54478,54480],{},[15,54479,11396],{}," to remove all items from an existing list in place.",[36,54482,153,54484,156],{"id":54483},"what-listclear-does",[15,54485,54418],{},[20,54487,54488,819],{},[15,54489,54418],{},[158,54491,54492,54495,54498,54503],{},[161,54493,54494],{},"Removes every item from a list",[161,54496,54497],{},"Changes the original list in place",[161,54499,54500,54501],{},"Leaves you with an empty list: ",[15,54502,3868],{},[161,54504,54505],{},"Takes no arguments",[20,54507,54508,54509,54511],{},"This means the list still exists after calling ",[15,54510,11396],{},", but it contains no values.",[36,54513,181],{"id":180},[20,54515,54516],{},"Syntax:",[41,54518,54520],{"className":43,"code":54519,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_list.clear()\n",[15,54521,54522],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,54523,54524,54526,54528,54530],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,54525,8418],{"class":56},[50,54527,425],{"class":64},[50,54529,11458],{"class":101},[50,54531,8722],{"class":64},[20,54533,11534],{},[158,54535,54536,54539,54542],{},[161,54537,54538],{},"Call it on a list object",[161,54540,54541],{},"Do not pass values inside the parentheses",[161,54543,54544],{},"Include the parentheses so the method actually runs",[36,54546,271],{"id":270},[20,54548,11552],{},[41,54550,54552],{"className":43,"code":54551,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nnumbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,54553,54554,54578,54582,54592,54596],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,54555,54556,54558,54560,54562,54564,54566,54568,54570,54572,54574,54576],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,54557,57],{"class":56},[50,54559,61],{"class":60},[50,54561,65],{"class":64},[50,54563,1618],{"class":68},[50,54565,72],{"class":64},[50,54567,840],{"class":68},[50,54569,72],{"class":64},[50,54571,1627],{"class":68},[50,54573,72],{"class":64},[50,54575,50913],{"class":68},[50,54577,83],{"class":64},[50,54579,54580],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,54581,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,54583,54584,54586,54588,54590],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,54585,102],{"class":56},[50,54587,425],{"class":64},[50,54589,11458],{"class":101},[50,54591,8722],{"class":64},[50,54593,54594],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,54595,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,54597,54598,54600,54602,54604],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,54599,118],{"class":94},[50,54601,98],{"class":64},[50,54603,102],{"class":101},[50,54605,105],{"class":64},[20,54607,353],{},[41,54609,54610],{"className":43,"code":38367,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,54611,54612],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,54613,54614],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,54615,38367],{"class":64},[20,54617,11758],{},[158,54619,54620,54625,54631],{},[161,54621,54622,54624],{},[15,54623,102],{}," starts with four items",[161,54626,54627,54630],{},[15,54628,54629],{},"numbers.clear()"," removes all of them",[161,54632,54633],{},"Printing the list shows that it is now empty",[20,54635,54636,54637,425],{},"If you are new to lists, see ",[421,54638,1909],{"href":54639},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide",[36,54641,17488],{"id":17487},[20,54643,54644,2494,54646,425],{},[15,54645,11396],{},[15,54647,208],{},[20,54649,40975,54650,52737],{},[3824,54651,4709],{},[41,54653,54655],{"className":43,"code":54654,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(items)   # []\nprint(result)  # None\n",[15,54656,54657,54689,54693,54707,54711,54724],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,54658,54659,54661,54663,54665,54667,54669,54671,54673,54675,54677,54679,54681,54683,54685,54687],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,54660,7859],{"class":56},[50,54662,61],{"class":60},[50,54664,65],{"class":64},[50,54666,811],{"class":604},[50,54668,421],{"class":608},[50,54670,811],{"class":604},[50,54672,72],{"class":64},[50,54674,700],{"class":604},[50,54676,4839],{"class":608},[50,54678,811],{"class":604},[50,54680,72],{"class":64},[50,54682,700],{"class":604},[50,54684,9817],{"class":608},[50,54686,811],{"class":604},[50,54688,83],{"class":64},[50,54690,54691],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,54692,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,54694,54695,54697,54699,54701,54703,54705],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,54696,89],{"class":56},[50,54698,61],{"class":60},[50,54700,6043],{"class":56},[50,54702,425],{"class":64},[50,54704,11458],{"class":101},[50,54706,8722],{"class":64},[50,54708,54709],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,54710,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,54712,54713,54715,54717,54719,54721],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,54714,118],{"class":94},[50,54716,98],{"class":64},[50,54718,7888],{"class":101},[50,54720,126],{"class":64},[50,54722,54723],{"class":129},"   # []\n",[50,54725,54726,54728,54730,54732,54734],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,54727,118],{"class":94},[50,54729,98],{"class":64},[50,54731,123],{"class":101},[50,54733,126],{"class":64},[50,54735,20945],{"class":129},[20,54737,54738],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. If you write:",[41,54740,54742],{"className":43,"code":54741,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.clear()\nprint(items)\n",[15,54743,54744,54764,54778],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,54745,54746,54748,54750,54752,54754,54756,54758,54760,54762],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,54747,7859],{"class":56},[50,54749,61],{"class":60},[50,54751,65],{"class":64},[50,54753,366],{"class":68},[50,54755,72],{"class":64},[50,54757,80],{"class":68},[50,54759,72],{"class":64},[50,54761,500],{"class":68},[50,54763,83],{"class":64},[50,54765,54766,54768,54770,54772,54774,54776],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,54767,7859],{"class":56},[50,54769,61],{"class":60},[50,54771,6043],{"class":56},[50,54773,425],{"class":64},[50,54775,11458],{"class":101},[50,54777,8722],{"class":64},[50,54779,54780,54782,54784,54786],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,54781,118],{"class":94},[50,54783,98],{"class":64},[50,54785,7888],{"class":101},[50,54787,105],{"class":64},[20,54789,11990,54790,42225,54792,54794],{},[15,54791,7888],{},[15,54793,208],{},", not an empty list.",[36,54796,54798,54800,54801],{"id":54797},"clear-vs-assigning",[15,54799,11396],{}," vs assigning ",[15,54802,3868],{},[20,54804,54805],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they are not the same:",[41,54807,54808],{"className":43,"code":54519,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,54809,54810],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,54811,54812,54814,54816,54818],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,54813,8418],{"class":56},[50,54815,425],{"class":64},[50,54817,11458],{"class":101},[50,54819,8722],{"class":64},[41,54821,54823],{"className":43,"code":54822,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_list = []\n",[15,54824,54825],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,54826,54827,54829,54831],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,54828,8387],{"class":56},[50,54830,61],{"class":60},[50,54832,7917],{"class":64},[222,54834,54836,54838],{"id":54835},"clear-empties-the-same-list-object",[15,54837,11396],{}," empties the same list object",[41,54840,54842],{"className":43,"code":54841,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # []\n",[15,54843,54844,54864,54872,54876,54886,54890,54902],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,54845,54846,54848,54850,54852,54854,54856,54858,54860,54862],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,54847,2652],{"class":56},[50,54849,61],{"class":60},[50,54851,65],{"class":64},[50,54853,366],{"class":68},[50,54855,72],{"class":64},[50,54857,80],{"class":68},[50,54859,72],{"class":64},[50,54861,500],{"class":68},[50,54863,83],{"class":64},[50,54865,54866,54868,54870],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,54867,2680],{"class":56},[50,54869,61],{"class":60},[50,54871,36245],{"class":56},[50,54873,54874],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,54875,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,54877,54878,54880,54882,54884],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,54879,421],{"class":56},[50,54881,425],{"class":64},[50,54883,11458],{"class":101},[50,54885,8722],{"class":64},[50,54887,54888],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,54889,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,54891,54892,54894,54896,54898,54900],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,54893,118],{"class":94},[50,54895,98],{"class":64},[50,54897,421],{"class":101},[50,54899,126],{"class":64},[50,54901,54475],{"class":129},[50,54903,54904,54906,54908,54910,54912],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,54905,118],{"class":94},[50,54907,98],{"class":64},[50,54909,4839],{"class":101},[50,54911,126],{"class":64},[50,54913,54475],{"class":129},[20,54915,10666,54916,4472,54918,54920],{},[15,54917,421],{},[15,54919,4839],{}," point to the same list, so clearing it affects both variables.",[222,54922,54924,54927],{"id":54923},"my_list-creates-a-new-empty-list",[15,54925,54926],{},"my_list = []"," creates a new empty list",[41,54929,54931],{"className":43,"code":54930,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na = []\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,54932,54933,54953,54961,54965,54973,54977,54989],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,54934,54935,54937,54939,54941,54943,54945,54947,54949,54951],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,54936,2652],{"class":56},[50,54938,61],{"class":60},[50,54940,65],{"class":64},[50,54942,366],{"class":68},[50,54944,72],{"class":64},[50,54946,80],{"class":68},[50,54948,72],{"class":64},[50,54950,500],{"class":68},[50,54952,83],{"class":64},[50,54954,54955,54957,54959],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,54956,2680],{"class":56},[50,54958,61],{"class":60},[50,54960,36245],{"class":56},[50,54962,54963],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,54964,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,54966,54967,54969,54971],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,54968,2652],{"class":56},[50,54970,61],{"class":60},[50,54972,7917],{"class":64},[50,54974,54975],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,54976,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,54978,54979,54981,54983,54985,54987],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,54980,118],{"class":94},[50,54982,98],{"class":64},[50,54984,421],{"class":101},[50,54986,126],{"class":64},[50,54988,54475],{"class":129},[50,54990,54991,54993,54995,54997,54999],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,54992,118],{"class":94},[50,54994,98],{"class":64},[50,54996,4839],{"class":101},[50,54998,126],{"class":64},[50,55000,55001],{"class":129},"  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[20,55003,1325,55004,55006,55007,55009],{},[15,55005,421],{}," now points to a new empty list. But ",[15,55008,4839],{}," still points to the original list.",[20,55011,55012],{},"This difference matters when:",[158,55014,55015,55018,55021],{},[161,55016,55017],{},"Two variables refer to the same list",[161,55019,55020],{},"A list is shared between parts of a program",[161,55022,55023],{},"You want to empty the original list instead of replacing it",[20,55025,55026,55027,425],{},"This idea is also helpful when learning ",[421,55028,55030,55031,10816],{"href":55029},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method\u002F","the list ",[15,55032,12850],{},[36,55034,5040,55035],{"id":12512},[15,55036,11396],{},[20,55038,920,55039,6395],{},[15,55040,11396],{},[158,55042,55043,55046,55049],{},[161,55044,55045],{},"Reset a list before reusing it",[161,55047,55048],{},"Empty shared list data in place",[161,55050,55051],{},"Remove all items without deleting the list variable",[20,55053,1602],{},[41,55055,55057],{"className":43,"code":55056,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"shopping_cart = [\"milk\", \"bread\", \"eggs\"]\n\n# Order completed, reuse the same list\nshopping_cart.clear()\n\nprint(shopping_cart)  # []\n",[15,55058,55059,55095,55099,55104,55115,55119],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,55060,55061,55064,55066,55068,55070,55073,55075,55077,55079,55082,55084,55086,55088,55091,55093],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,55062,55063],{"class":56},"shopping_cart ",[50,55065,61],{"class":60},[50,55067,65],{"class":64},[50,55069,811],{"class":604},[50,55071,55072],{"class":608},"milk",[50,55074,811],{"class":604},[50,55076,72],{"class":64},[50,55078,700],{"class":604},[50,55080,55081],{"class":608},"bread",[50,55083,811],{"class":604},[50,55085,72],{"class":64},[50,55087,700],{"class":604},[50,55089,55090],{"class":608},"eggs",[50,55092,811],{"class":604},[50,55094,83],{"class":64},[50,55096,55097],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,55098,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,55100,55101],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,55102,55103],{"class":129},"# Order completed, reuse the same list\n",[50,55105,55106,55109,55111,55113],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,55107,55108],{"class":56},"shopping_cart",[50,55110,425],{"class":64},[50,55112,11458],{"class":101},[50,55114,8722],{"class":64},[50,55116,55117],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,55118,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,55120,55121,55123,55125,55127,55129],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,55122,118],{"class":94},[50,55124,98],{"class":64},[50,55126,55108],{"class":101},[50,55128,126],{"class":64},[50,55130,54475],{"class":129},[20,55132,55133,55134,55138,55139,55145,55146,425],{},"If you only want to remove one item, see ",[421,55135,55137],{"href":55136},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-an-item-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove an item from a list in Python"," or the ",[421,55140,55142,10816],{"href":55141},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method\u002F",[15,55143,55144],{},"list.remove()",". If you want to remove and return one item, see the ",[421,55147,55149,10816],{"href":55148},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method\u002F",[15,55150,55151],{},"list.pop()",[36,55153,4598],{"id":4597},[222,55155,55157,55158,1940,55161],{"id":55156},"writing-my_listclear-instead-of-my_listclear","Writing ",[15,55159,55160],{},"my_list.clear",[15,55162,55163],{},"my_list.clear()",[20,55165,55166],{},"This does not call the method.",[41,55168,55170],{"className":43,"code":55169,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear\nprint(items)\n",[15,55171,55172,55192,55196,55205],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,55173,55174,55176,55178,55180,55182,55184,55186,55188,55190],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,55175,7859],{"class":56},[50,55177,61],{"class":60},[50,55179,65],{"class":64},[50,55181,366],{"class":68},[50,55183,72],{"class":64},[50,55185,80],{"class":68},[50,55187,72],{"class":64},[50,55189,500],{"class":68},[50,55191,83],{"class":64},[50,55193,55194],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,55195,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,55197,55198,55200,55202],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,55199,7888],{"class":56},[50,55201,425],{"class":64},[50,55203,55204],{"class":1400},"clear\n",[50,55206,55207,55209,55211,55213],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,55208,118],{"class":94},[50,55210,98],{"class":64},[50,55212,7888],{"class":101},[50,55214,105],{"class":64},[20,55216,353],{},[41,55218,55219],{"className":43,"code":483,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,55220,55221],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,55222,55223,55225,55227,55229,55231,55233,55235],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,55224,363],{"class":64},[50,55226,366],{"class":68},[50,55228,72],{"class":64},[50,55230,80],{"class":68},[50,55232,72],{"class":64},[50,55234,500],{"class":68},[50,55236,83],{"class":64},[20,55238,55239],{},"Nothing changes because the method was not run.",[20,55241,10883],{},[41,55243,55245],{"className":43,"code":55244,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,55246,55247,55267,55271,55281],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,55248,55249,55251,55253,55255,55257,55259,55261,55263,55265],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,55250,7859],{"class":56},[50,55252,61],{"class":60},[50,55254,65],{"class":64},[50,55256,366],{"class":68},[50,55258,72],{"class":64},[50,55260,80],{"class":68},[50,55262,72],{"class":64},[50,55264,500],{"class":68},[50,55266,83],{"class":64},[50,55268,55269],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,55270,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,55272,55273,55275,55277,55279],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,55274,7888],{"class":56},[50,55276,425],{"class":64},[50,55278,11458],{"class":101},[50,55280,8722],{"class":64},[50,55282,55283,55285,55287,55289,55291],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,55284,118],{"class":94},[50,55286,98],{"class":64},[50,55288,7888],{"class":101},[50,55290,126],{"class":64},[50,55292,54475],{"class":129},[222,55294,8532,55296,55298],{"id":55295},"expecting-clear-to-return-the-emptied-list",[15,55297,11396],{}," to return the emptied list",[20,55300,55301,2494,55303,55305],{},[15,55302,11396],{},[15,55304,208],{},", not the list.",[41,55307,55309],{"className":43,"code":55308,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(result)  # None\nprint(items)   # []\n",[15,55310,55311,55331,55345,55349,55361],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,55312,55313,55315,55317,55319,55321,55323,55325,55327,55329],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,55314,7859],{"class":56},[50,55316,61],{"class":60},[50,55318,65],{"class":64},[50,55320,366],{"class":68},[50,55322,72],{"class":64},[50,55324,80],{"class":68},[50,55326,72],{"class":64},[50,55328,500],{"class":68},[50,55330,83],{"class":64},[50,55332,55333,55335,55337,55339,55341,55343],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,55334,89],{"class":56},[50,55336,61],{"class":60},[50,55338,6043],{"class":56},[50,55340,425],{"class":64},[50,55342,11458],{"class":101},[50,55344,8722],{"class":64},[50,55346,55347],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,55348,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,55350,55351,55353,55355,55357,55359],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,55352,118],{"class":94},[50,55354,98],{"class":64},[50,55356,123],{"class":101},[50,55358,126],{"class":64},[50,55360,20945],{"class":129},[50,55362,55363,55365,55367,55369,55371],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,55364,118],{"class":94},[50,55366,98],{"class":64},[50,55368,7888],{"class":101},[50,55370,126],{"class":64},[50,55372,54723],{"class":129},[222,55374,914,55376,55378],{"id":55375},"using-clear-on-a-value-that-is-not-a-list",[15,55377,11396],{}," on a value that is not a list",[20,55380,55381,55382,55384],{},"Some types have a ",[15,55383,11396],{}," method, but not all of them.",[20,55386,55387],{},"This will fail:",[41,55389,55391],{"className":43,"code":55390,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.clear()\n",[15,55392,55393,55405],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,55394,55395,55397,55399,55401,55403],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,55396,695],{"class":56},[50,55398,61],{"class":60},[50,55400,700],{"class":604},[50,55402,3926],{"class":608},[50,55404,705],{"class":604},[50,55406,55407,55409,55411,55413],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,55408,718],{"class":56},[50,55410,425],{"class":64},[50,55412,11458],{"class":101},[50,55414,8722],{"class":64},[20,55416,55417,55418,33671],{},"A string does not have a ",[15,55419,11396],{},[20,55421,55422,55423,55425],{},"You may also get errors if your variable is ",[15,55424,208],{}," or another unexpected type. If that happens, print the type first.",[20,55427,55428],{},"Useful checks:",[41,55430,55432],{"className":43,"code":55431,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(id(my_list))\nother = my_list\nmy_list.clear()\nprint(other)\n",[15,55433,55434,55444,55458,55472,55481,55491],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,55435,55436,55438,55440,55442],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,55437,118],{"class":94},[50,55439,98],{"class":64},[50,55441,8418],{"class":101},[50,55443,105],{"class":64},[50,55445,55446,55448,55450,55452,55454,55456],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,55447,118],{"class":94},[50,55449,98],{"class":64},[50,55451,558],{"class":557},[50,55453,98],{"class":64},[50,55455,8418],{"class":101},[50,55457,478],{"class":64},[50,55459,55460,55462,55464,55466,55468,55470],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,55461,118],{"class":94},[50,55463,98],{"class":64},[50,55465,12724],{"class":94},[50,55467,98],{"class":64},[50,55469,8418],{"class":101},[50,55471,478],{"class":64},[50,55473,55474,55476,55478],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,55475,43618],{"class":56},[50,55477,61],{"class":60},[50,55479,55480],{"class":56}," my_list\n",[50,55482,55483,55485,55487,55489],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,55484,8418],{"class":56},[50,55486,425],{"class":64},[50,55488,11458],{"class":101},[50,55490,8722],{"class":64},[50,55492,55493,55495,55497,55499],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,55494,118],{"class":94},[50,55496,98],{"class":64},[50,55498,30812],{"class":101},[50,55500,105],{"class":64},[20,55502,55503],{},"These can help you see:",[158,55505,55506,55509,55512],{},[161,55507,55508],{},"What the variable currently contains",[161,55510,55511],{},"Whether it is really a list",[161,55513,55514],{},"Whether two variables point to the same object",[20,55516,55517,55518,425],{},"If you run into method-related problems, you may also need help with ",[421,55519,55520],{"href":54365},"fixing attribute errors in Python",[36,55522,1913],{"id":1912},[222,55524,1917,55526,55528],{"id":55525},"does-listclear-delete-the-list",[15,55527,54418],{}," delete the list?",[20,55530,55531],{},"No. It keeps the list object but removes all items from it.",[222,55533,1917,55535,55537],{"id":55534},"does-listclear-return-a-new-list",[15,55536,54418],{}," return a new list?",[20,55539,55540,55541,55543],{},"No. It returns ",[15,55542,208],{}," and changes the existing list in place.",[222,55545,5258,55547,4472,55549,1943],{"id":55546},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-my_list",[15,55548,11396],{},[15,55550,54926],{},[20,55552,55553,55555,55556,55558],{},[15,55554,11396],{}," empties the same list object. ",[15,55557,54926],{}," points the variable to a new empty list.",[222,55560,28398,55562,55564],{"id":55561},"can-i-use-clear-on-other-types",[15,55563,11396],{}," on other types?",[20,55566,55567,55568,55570],{},"Some types like dictionaries and sets also have ",[15,55569,11396],{},", but strings and tuples do not.",[36,55572,1975],{"id":1974},[158,55574,55575,55579,55584,55591,55598,55604],{},[161,55576,55577],{},[421,55578,1909],{"href":54639},[161,55580,55581],{},[421,55582,55583],{"href":55136},"How to remove an item from a list in Python",[161,55585,55586],{},[421,55587,55588,55589,10816],{"href":55148},"Python list ",[15,55590,12836],{},[161,55592,55593],{},[421,55594,55588,55595,10816],{"href":55141},[15,55596,55597],{},"remove()",[161,55599,55600],{},[421,55601,55588,55602,10816],{"href":55029},[15,55603,12850],{},[161,55605,55606],{},[421,55607,30416,55608,33704],{"href":54365},[15,55609,55610],{},"'list' object has no attribute",[2018,55612,55613],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":55615},[55616,55617,55619,55620,55621,55622,55629,55630,55638,55648],{"id":38,"depth":86,"text":39},{"id":54483,"depth":86,"text":55618},"What list.clear() does",{"id":180,"depth":86,"text":181},{"id":270,"depth":86,"text":271},{"id":17487,"depth":86,"text":17488},{"id":54797,"depth":86,"text":55623,"children":55624},"clear() vs assigning []",[55625,55627],{"id":54835,"depth":108,"text":55626},"clear() empties the same list object",{"id":54923,"depth":108,"text":55628},"my_list = [] creates a new empty list",{"id":12512,"depth":86,"text":12882},{"id":4597,"depth":86,"text":4598,"children":55631},[55632,55634,55636],{"id":55156,"depth":108,"text":55633},"Writing my_list.clear instead of my_list.clear()",{"id":55295,"depth":108,"text":55635},"Expecting clear() to return the emptied list",{"id":55375,"depth":108,"text":55637},"Using clear() on a value that is not a list",{"id":1912,"depth":86,"text":1913,"children":55639},[55640,55642,55644,55646],{"id":55525,"depth":108,"text":55641},"Does list.clear() delete the list?",{"id":55534,"depth":108,"text":55643},"Does list.clear() return a new list?",{"id":55546,"depth":108,"text":55645},"What is the difference between clear() and my_list = []?",{"id":55561,"depth":108,"text":55647},"Can I use clear() on other types?",{"id":1974,"depth":86,"text":1975},"Master python list clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method",{"title":54405,"description":55649},"reference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method","99lr7F7Fwd7-AwSOSGz-bBA8zQ5YwXwJzSYBs0JP2O4",{"id":55656,"title":55657,"body":55658,"description":57341,"extension":2064,"meta":57342,"navigation":111,"path":57343,"seo":57344,"stem":57345,"__hash__":57346},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method.md","Python List copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":55659,"toc":57309},[55660,55665,55671,55679,55681,55769,55776,55781,55785,55799,55801,55878,55880,55941,55944,55946,55948,55969,55972,55986,55989,56034,56036,56044,56047,56053,56059,56062,56139,56141,56186,56189,56194,56277,56279,56320,56325,56329,56335,56337,56345,56348,56441,56443,56501,56504,56520,56525,56535,56540,56542,56547,56552,56555,56557,56614,56617,56670,56676,56681,56685,56702,56704,56788,56790,56831,56839,56841,56846,56852,56854,56917,56922,56992,56996,57031,57034,57036,57075,57079,57155,57161,57167,57172,57194,57197,57216,57224,57226,57231,57234,57241,57249,57254,57257,57261,57267,57275,57278,57280,57306],[10,55661,54411,55663,11397],{"id":55662},"python-list-copy-method",[15,55664,12850],{},[20,55666,55667,55670],{},[15,55668,55669],{},"list.copy()"," creates a new list with the same items as an existing list.",[20,55672,55673,55674,14126,55676,55678],{},"This method is useful when you want to work with a list without changing the original one. It is especially important for beginners because using ",[15,55675,61],{},[3824,55677,4709],{}," make a real copy.",[36,55680,2105],{"id":2104},[41,55682,55684],{"className":43,"code":55683,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\nnew_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(new_numbers)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,55685,55686,55706,55721,55725,55740,55744,55756],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,55687,55688,55690,55692,55694,55696,55698,55700,55702,55704],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,55689,57],{"class":56},[50,55691,61],{"class":60},[50,55693,65],{"class":64},[50,55695,366],{"class":68},[50,55697,72],{"class":64},[50,55699,80],{"class":68},[50,55701,72],{"class":64},[50,55703,500],{"class":68},[50,55705,83],{"class":64},[50,55707,55708,55711,55713,55715,55717,55719],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,55709,55710],{"class":56},"new_numbers ",[50,55712,61],{"class":60},[50,55714,4341],{"class":56},[50,55716,425],{"class":64},[50,55718,12984],{"class":101},[50,55720,8722],{"class":64},[50,55722,55723],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,55724,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,55726,55727,55730,55732,55734,55736,55738],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,55728,55729],{"class":56},"new_numbers",[50,55731,425],{"class":64},[50,55733,13626],{"class":101},[50,55735,98],{"class":64},[50,55737,2602],{"class":68},[50,55739,105],{"class":64},[50,55741,55742],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,55743,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,55745,55746,55748,55750,55752,55754],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,55747,118],{"class":94},[50,55749,98],{"class":64},[50,55751,102],{"class":101},[50,55753,126],{"class":64},[50,55755,130],{"class":129},[50,55757,55758,55760,55762,55764,55766],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,55759,118],{"class":94},[50,55761,98],{"class":64},[50,55763,55729],{"class":101},[50,55765,126],{"class":64},[50,55767,55768],{"class":129},"  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,55770,920,55771,55773,55774,425],{},[15,55772,55669],{}," when you want a new list object with the same items. This is a ",[3824,55775,12924],{},[36,55777,153,55779,156],{"id":55778},"what-listcopy-does",[15,55780,55669],{},[20,55782,55783,819],{},[15,55784,55669],{},[158,55786,55787,55790,55793,55796],{},[161,55788,55789],{},"Creates a new list with the same items as the original list",[161,55791,55792],{},"Returns that new list",[161,55794,55795],{},"Makes the original list and copied list different objects",[161,55797,55798],{},"Lets you change the new list without affecting the original list when the list contains simple values like numbers or strings",[20,55800,1602],{},[41,55802,55804],{"className":43,"code":55803,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ncopied_fruits = fruits.copy()\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(copied_fruits)\n",[15,55805,55806,55838,55853,55857,55867],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,55807,55808,55810,55812,55814,55816,55818,55820,55822,55824,55826,55828,55830,55832,55834,55836],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,55809,36307],{"class":56},[50,55811,61],{"class":60},[50,55813,65],{"class":64},[50,55815,811],{"class":604},[50,55817,1049],{"class":608},[50,55819,811],{"class":604},[50,55821,72],{"class":64},[50,55823,700],{"class":604},[50,55825,1058],{"class":608},[50,55827,811],{"class":604},[50,55829,72],{"class":64},[50,55831,700],{"class":604},[50,55833,33291],{"class":608},[50,55835,811],{"class":604},[50,55837,83],{"class":64},[50,55839,55840,55843,55845,55847,55849,55851],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,55841,55842],{"class":56},"copied_fruits ",[50,55844,61],{"class":60},[50,55846,52920],{"class":56},[50,55848,425],{"class":64},[50,55850,12984],{"class":101},[50,55852,8722],{"class":64},[50,55854,55855],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,55856,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,55858,55859,55861,55863,55865],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,55860,118],{"class":94},[50,55862,98],{"class":64},[50,55864,36359],{"class":101},[50,55866,105],{"class":64},[50,55868,55869,55871,55873,55876],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,55870,118],{"class":94},[50,55872,98],{"class":64},[50,55874,55875],{"class":101},"copied_fruits",[50,55877,105],{"class":64},[20,55879,353],{},[41,55881,55883],{"className":43,"code":55882,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,55884,55885,55913],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,55886,55887,55889,55891,55893,55895,55897,55899,55901,55903,55905,55907,55909,55911],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,55888,363],{"class":64},[50,55890,611],{"class":604},[50,55892,1049],{"class":608},[50,55894,611],{"class":604},[50,55896,72],{"class":64},[50,55898,605],{"class":604},[50,55900,1058],{"class":608},[50,55902,611],{"class":604},[50,55904,72],{"class":64},[50,55906,605],{"class":604},[50,55908,33291],{"class":608},[50,55910,611],{"class":604},[50,55912,83],{"class":64},[50,55914,55915,55917,55919,55921,55923,55925,55927,55929,55931,55933,55935,55937,55939],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,55916,363],{"class":64},[50,55918,611],{"class":604},[50,55920,1049],{"class":608},[50,55922,611],{"class":604},[50,55924,72],{"class":64},[50,55926,605],{"class":604},[50,55928,1058],{"class":608},[50,55930,611],{"class":604},[50,55932,72],{"class":64},[50,55934,605],{"class":604},[50,55936,33291],{"class":608},[50,55938,611],{"class":604},[50,55940,83],{"class":64},[20,55942,55943],{},"Even though the contents are the same, these are two different lists.",[36,55945,181],{"id":180},[20,55947,2259],{},[41,55949,55951],{"className":43,"code":55950,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"new_list = old_list.copy()\n",[15,55952,55953],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,55954,55955,55958,55960,55963,55965,55967],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,55956,55957],{"class":56},"new_list ",[50,55959,61],{"class":60},[50,55961,55962],{"class":56}," old_list",[50,55964,425],{"class":64},[50,55966,12984],{"class":101},[50,55968,8722],{"class":64},[20,55970,55971],{},"How it works:",[158,55973,55974,55980,55983],{},[161,55975,55976,55977,55979],{},"Call ",[15,55978,12850],{}," on an existing list",[161,55981,55982],{},"Save the returned value in a new variable",[161,55984,55985],{},"Use the new variable as your copied list",[20,55987,55988],{},"Example with an empty list:",[41,55990,55992],{"className":43,"code":55991,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"empty_list = []\nnew_empty_list = empty_list.copy()\n\nprint(new_empty_list)\n",[15,55993,55994,56003,56019,56023],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,55995,55996,55999,56001],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,55997,55998],{"class":56},"empty_list ",[50,56000,61],{"class":60},[50,56002,7917],{"class":64},[50,56004,56005,56008,56010,56013,56015,56017],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,56006,56007],{"class":56},"new_empty_list ",[50,56009,61],{"class":60},[50,56011,56012],{"class":56}," empty_list",[50,56014,425],{"class":64},[50,56016,12984],{"class":101},[50,56018,8722],{"class":64},[50,56020,56021],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,56022,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,56024,56025,56027,56029,56032],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,56026,118],{"class":94},[50,56028,98],{"class":64},[50,56030,56031],{"class":101},"new_empty_list",[50,56033,105],{"class":64},[20,56035,353],{},[41,56037,56038],{"className":43,"code":38367,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,56039,56040],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,56041,56042],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,56043,38367],{"class":64},[20,56045,56046],{},"This works for both empty and non-empty lists.",[36,56048,56050,56051],{"id":56049},"why-not-use","Why not use ",[15,56052,61],{},[20,56054,914,56055,14126,56057,52737],{},[15,56056,61],{},[3824,56058,4709],{},[20,56060,56061],{},"It only creates a new variable that points to the same list in memory.",[41,56063,56065],{"className":43,"code":56064,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nsame_list = numbers\n\nsame_list.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(same_list)\n",[15,56066,56067,56087,56096,56100,56115,56119,56129],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,56068,56069,56071,56073,56075,56077,56079,56081,56083,56085],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,56070,57],{"class":56},[50,56072,61],{"class":60},[50,56074,65],{"class":64},[50,56076,366],{"class":68},[50,56078,72],{"class":64},[50,56080,80],{"class":68},[50,56082,72],{"class":64},[50,56084,500],{"class":68},[50,56086,83],{"class":64},[50,56088,56089,56092,56094],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,56090,56091],{"class":56},"same_list ",[50,56093,61],{"class":60},[50,56095,44051],{"class":56},[50,56097,56098],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,56099,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,56101,56102,56105,56107,56109,56111,56113],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,56103,56104],{"class":56},"same_list",[50,56106,425],{"class":64},[50,56108,13626],{"class":101},[50,56110,98],{"class":64},[50,56112,2602],{"class":68},[50,56114,105],{"class":64},[50,56116,56117],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,56118,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,56120,56121,56123,56125,56127],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,56122,118],{"class":94},[50,56124,98],{"class":64},[50,56126,102],{"class":101},[50,56128,105],{"class":64},[50,56130,56131,56133,56135,56137],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,56132,118],{"class":94},[50,56134,98],{"class":64},[50,56136,56104],{"class":101},[50,56138,105],{"class":64},[20,56140,353],{},[41,56142,56144],{"className":43,"code":56143,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56145,56146,56166],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,56147,56148,56150,56152,56154,56156,56158,56160,56162,56164],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,56149,363],{"class":64},[50,56151,366],{"class":68},[50,56153,72],{"class":64},[50,56155,80],{"class":68},[50,56157,72],{"class":64},[50,56159,500],{"class":68},[50,56161,72],{"class":64},[50,56163,2554],{"class":68},[50,56165,83],{"class":64},[50,56167,56168,56170,56172,56174,56176,56178,56180,56182,56184],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,56169,363],{"class":64},[50,56171,366],{"class":68},[50,56173,72],{"class":64},[50,56175,80],{"class":68},[50,56177,72],{"class":64},[50,56179,500],{"class":68},[50,56181,72],{"class":64},[50,56183,2554],{"class":68},[50,56185,83],{"class":64},[20,56187,56188],{},"Both variables refer to the same list, so changing one also changes the other.",[20,56190,56191,56192,819],{},"Now compare that with ",[15,56193,12850],{},[41,56195,56197],{"className":43,"code":56196,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\ncopied_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(copied_numbers)\n",[15,56198,56199,56219,56234,56238,56253,56257,56267],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,56200,56201,56203,56205,56207,56209,56211,56213,56215,56217],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,56202,57],{"class":56},[50,56204,61],{"class":60},[50,56206,65],{"class":64},[50,56208,366],{"class":68},[50,56210,72],{"class":64},[50,56212,80],{"class":68},[50,56214,72],{"class":64},[50,56216,500],{"class":68},[50,56218,83],{"class":64},[50,56220,56221,56224,56226,56228,56230,56232],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,56222,56223],{"class":56},"copied_numbers ",[50,56225,61],{"class":60},[50,56227,4341],{"class":56},[50,56229,425],{"class":64},[50,56231,12984],{"class":101},[50,56233,8722],{"class":64},[50,56235,56236],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,56237,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,56239,56240,56243,56245,56247,56249,56251],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,56241,56242],{"class":56},"copied_numbers",[50,56244,425],{"class":64},[50,56246,13626],{"class":101},[50,56248,98],{"class":64},[50,56250,2602],{"class":68},[50,56252,105],{"class":64},[50,56254,56255],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,56256,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,56258,56259,56261,56263,56265],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,56260,118],{"class":94},[50,56262,98],{"class":64},[50,56264,102],{"class":101},[50,56266,105],{"class":64},[50,56268,56269,56271,56273,56275],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,56270,118],{"class":94},[50,56272,98],{"class":64},[50,56274,56242],{"class":101},[50,56276,105],{"class":64},[20,56278,353],{},[41,56280,56282],{"className":43,"code":56281,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56283,56284,56300],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,56285,56286,56288,56290,56292,56294,56296,56298],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,56287,363],{"class":64},[50,56289,366],{"class":68},[50,56291,72],{"class":64},[50,56293,80],{"class":68},[50,56295,72],{"class":64},[50,56297,500],{"class":68},[50,56299,83],{"class":64},[50,56301,56302,56304,56306,56308,56310,56312,56314,56316,56318],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,56303,363],{"class":64},[50,56305,366],{"class":68},[50,56307,72],{"class":64},[50,56309,80],{"class":68},[50,56311,72],{"class":64},[50,56313,500],{"class":68},[50,56315,72],{"class":64},[50,56317,2554],{"class":68},[50,56319,83],{"class":64},[20,56321,56322,56323,425],{},"If you want to learn more about creating and working with lists, see ",[421,56324,1909],{"href":1908},[36,56326,56328],{"id":56327},"shallow-copy-meaning","Shallow copy meaning",[20,56330,56331,12921,56333,425],{},[15,56332,55669],{},[3824,56334,12924],{},[20,56336,2207],{},[158,56338,56339,56342],{},[161,56340,56341],{},"The outer list is new",[161,56343,56344],{},"But nested mutable items inside it can still be shared",[20,56346,56347],{},"This matters when your list contains other lists.",[41,56349,56351],{"className":43,"code":56350,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,56352,56353,56380,56394,56398,56417,56421,56431],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,56354,56355,56357,56359,56362,56364,56366,56368,56370,56372,56374,56376,56378],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,56356,12160],{"class":56},[50,56358,61],{"class":60},[50,56360,56361],{"class":64}," [[",[50,56363,366],{"class":68},[50,56365,72],{"class":64},[50,56367,80],{"class":68},[50,56369,1860],{"class":64},[50,56371,65],{"class":64},[50,56373,69],{"class":68},[50,56375,72],{"class":64},[50,56377,2554],{"class":68},[50,56379,53311],{"class":64},[50,56381,56382,56384,56386,56388,56390,56392],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,56383,14384],{"class":56},[50,56385,61],{"class":60},[50,56387,12235],{"class":56},[50,56389,425],{"class":64},[50,56391,12984],{"class":101},[50,56393,8722],{"class":64},[50,56395,56396],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,56397,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,56399,56400,56402,56404,56406,56408,56410,56412,56415],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,56401,14403],{"class":56},[50,56403,363],{"class":64},[50,56405,2220],{"class":68},[50,56407,13623],{"class":64},[50,56409,13626],{"class":101},[50,56411,98],{"class":64},[50,56413,56414],{"class":68},"99",[50,56416,105],{"class":64},[50,56418,56419],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,56420,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,56422,56423,56425,56427,56429],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,56424,118],{"class":94},[50,56426,98],{"class":64},[50,56428,12207],{"class":101},[50,56430,105],{"class":64},[50,56432,56433,56435,56437,56439],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,56434,118],{"class":94},[50,56436,98],{"class":64},[50,56438,14403],{"class":101},[50,56440,105],{"class":64},[20,56442,353],{},[41,56444,56446],{"className":43,"code":56445,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,56447,56448,56475],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,56449,56450,56453,56455,56457,56459,56461,56463,56465,56467,56469,56471,56473],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,56451,56452],{"class":64},"[[",[50,56454,366],{"class":68},[50,56456,72],{"class":64},[50,56458,80],{"class":68},[50,56460,72],{"class":64},[50,56462,10275],{"class":68},[50,56464,1860],{"class":64},[50,56466,65],{"class":64},[50,56468,69],{"class":68},[50,56470,72],{"class":64},[50,56472,2554],{"class":68},[50,56474,53311],{"class":64},[50,56476,56477,56479,56481,56483,56485,56487,56489,56491,56493,56495,56497,56499],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,56478,56452],{"class":64},[50,56480,366],{"class":68},[50,56482,72],{"class":64},[50,56484,80],{"class":68},[50,56486,72],{"class":64},[50,56488,10275],{"class":68},[50,56490,1860],{"class":64},[50,56492,65],{"class":64},[50,56494,69],{"class":68},[50,56496,72],{"class":64},[50,56498,2554],{"class":68},[50,56500,53311],{"class":64},[20,56502,56503],{},"Why did both change?",[158,56505,56506,56513],{},[161,56507,56508,4472,56510,56512],{},[15,56509,12207],{},[15,56511,14403],{}," are different outer lists",[161,56514,56515,56516,56519],{},"But the inner list ",[15,56517,56518],{},"original[0]"," is the same object in both lists",[20,56521,53722,56522,56524],{},[15,56523,12850],{}," is usually safe for simple lists like:",[158,56526,56527,56530,56533],{},[161,56528,56529],{},"Numbers",[161,56531,56532],{},"Strings",[161,56534,40664],{},[20,56536,56537,56538,425],{},"If you need to understand this better, read ",[421,56539,13863],{"href":13862},[36,56541,17488],{"id":17487},[20,56543,56544,56546],{},[15,56545,55669],{}," returns a new list.",[20,56548,40975,56549,56551],{},[3824,56550,4709],{}," change the original list by itself.",[20,56553,56554],{},"You must save the result if you want to use the copied list.",[20,56556,16727],{},[41,56558,56560],{"className":43,"code":56559,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,56561,56562,56586,56600,56604],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,56563,56564,56566,56568,56570,56572,56574,56576,56578,56580,56582,56584],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,56565,13149],{"class":56},[50,56567,61],{"class":60},[50,56569,65],{"class":64},[50,56571,811],{"class":604},[50,56573,13166],{"class":608},[50,56575,811],{"class":604},[50,56577,72],{"class":64},[50,56579,700],{"class":604},[50,56581,13183],{"class":608},[50,56583,811],{"class":604},[50,56585,83],{"class":64},[50,56587,56588,56590,56592,56594,56596,56598],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,56589,13192],{"class":56},[50,56591,61],{"class":60},[50,56593,13197],{"class":56},[50,56595,425],{"class":64},[50,56597,12984],{"class":101},[50,56599,8722],{"class":64},[50,56601,56602],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,56603,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,56605,56606,56608,56610,56612],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,56607,118],{"class":94},[50,56609,98],{"class":64},[50,56611,13216],{"class":101},[50,56613,105],{"class":64},[20,56615,56616],{},"Incorrect if you expected a saved copy:",[41,56618,56620],{"className":43,"code":56619,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.copy()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,56621,56622,56646,56656,56660],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,56623,56624,56626,56628,56630,56632,56634,56636,56638,56640,56642,56644],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,56625,13149],{"class":56},[50,56627,61],{"class":60},[50,56629,65],{"class":64},[50,56631,811],{"class":604},[50,56633,13166],{"class":608},[50,56635,811],{"class":604},[50,56637,72],{"class":64},[50,56639,700],{"class":604},[50,56641,13183],{"class":608},[50,56643,811],{"class":604},[50,56645,83],{"class":64},[50,56647,56648,56650,56652,56654],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,56649,17572],{"class":56},[50,56651,425],{"class":64},[50,56653,12984],{"class":101},[50,56655,8722],{"class":64},[50,56657,56658],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,56659,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,56661,56662,56664,56666,56668],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,56663,118],{"class":94},[50,56665,98],{"class":64},[50,56667,17572],{"class":101},[50,56669,105],{"class":64},[20,56671,56672,56673,56675],{},"In the second example, ",[15,56674,12850],{}," runs, but the returned list is not stored anywhere.",[36,56677,5040,56679],{"id":56678},"when-to-use-listcopy",[15,56680,55669],{},[20,56682,920,56683,1504],{},[15,56684,55669],{},[158,56686,56687,56690,56693,56696],{},[161,56688,56689],{},"You want to edit a list without changing the original",[161,56691,56692],{},"You want to pass a list to code that may modify it",[161,56694,56695],{},"You want a simple backup before making changes",[161,56697,56698,56699],{},"You want a clear alternative to slicing with ",[15,56700,56701],{},"[:]",[20,56703,1602],{},[41,56705,56707],{"className":43,"code":56706,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"scores = [10, 20, 30]\nbackup_scores = scores.copy()\n\nscores.append(40)\n\nprint(scores)\nprint(backup_scores)\n",[15,56708,56709,56729,56744,56748,56763,56767,56777],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,56710,56711,56713,56715,56717,56719,56721,56723,56725,56727],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,56712,5143],{"class":56},[50,56714,61],{"class":60},[50,56716,65],{"class":64},[50,56718,1618],{"class":68},[50,56720,72],{"class":64},[50,56722,840],{"class":68},[50,56724,72],{"class":64},[50,56726,1627],{"class":68},[50,56728,83],{"class":64},[50,56730,56731,56734,56736,56738,56740,56742],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,56732,56733],{"class":56},"backup_scores ",[50,56735,61],{"class":60},[50,56737,5190],{"class":56},[50,56739,425],{"class":64},[50,56741,12984],{"class":101},[50,56743,8722],{"class":64},[50,56745,56746],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,56747,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,56749,56750,56752,56754,56756,56758,56761],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,56751,16460],{"class":56},[50,56753,425],{"class":64},[50,56755,13626],{"class":101},[50,56757,98],{"class":64},[50,56759,56760],{"class":68},"40",[50,56762,105],{"class":64},[50,56764,56765],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,56766,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,56768,56769,56771,56773,56775],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,56770,118],{"class":94},[50,56772,98],{"class":64},[50,56774,16460],{"class":101},[50,56776,105],{"class":64},[50,56778,56779,56781,56783,56786],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,56780,118],{"class":94},[50,56782,98],{"class":64},[50,56784,56785],{"class":101},"backup_scores",[50,56787,105],{"class":64},[20,56789,353],{},[41,56791,56793],{"className":43,"code":56792,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[10, 20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,56794,56795,56815],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,56796,56797,56799,56801,56803,56805,56807,56809,56811,56813],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,56798,363],{"class":64},[50,56800,1618],{"class":68},[50,56802,72],{"class":64},[50,56804,840],{"class":68},[50,56806,72],{"class":64},[50,56808,1627],{"class":68},[50,56810,72],{"class":64},[50,56812,50913],{"class":68},[50,56814,83],{"class":64},[50,56816,56817,56819,56821,56823,56825,56827,56829],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,56818,363],{"class":64},[50,56820,1618],{"class":68},[50,56822,72],{"class":64},[50,56824,840],{"class":68},[50,56826,72],{"class":64},[50,56828,1627],{"class":68},[50,56830,83],{"class":64},[20,56832,56833,56834,425],{},"If you want to add items after copying, see ",[421,56835,55588,56837,10816],{"href":56836},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method\u002F",[15,56838,52722],{},[36,56840,4598],{"id":4597},[20,56842,56843,56844,425],{},"Here are the most common problems with ",[15,56845,55669],{},[222,56847,914,56849,56851],{"id":56848},"using-and-expecting-a-real-copy",[15,56850,61],{}," and expecting a real copy",[20,56853,39267],{},[41,56855,56857],{"className":43,"code":56856,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56858,56859,56879,56887,56901,56905],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,56860,56861,56863,56865,56867,56869,56871,56873,56875,56877],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,56862,2652],{"class":56},[50,56864,61],{"class":60},[50,56866,65],{"class":64},[50,56868,366],{"class":68},[50,56870,72],{"class":64},[50,56872,80],{"class":68},[50,56874,72],{"class":64},[50,56876,500],{"class":68},[50,56878,83],{"class":64},[50,56880,56881,56883,56885],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,56882,2680],{"class":56},[50,56884,61],{"class":60},[50,56886,36245],{"class":56},[50,56888,56889,56891,56893,56895,56897,56899],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,56890,4839],{"class":56},[50,56892,425],{"class":64},[50,56894,13626],{"class":101},[50,56896,98],{"class":64},[50,56898,2602],{"class":68},[50,56900,105],{"class":64},[50,56902,56903],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,56904,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,56906,56907,56909,56911,56913,56915],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,56908,118],{"class":94},[50,56910,98],{"class":64},[50,56912,421],{"class":101},[50,56914,126],{"class":64},[50,56916,55768],{"class":129},[20,56918,56919,56920,6709],{},"Fix: use ",[15,56921,12850],{},[41,56923,56925],{"className":43,"code":56924,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a.copy()\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,56926,56927,56947,56962,56976,56980],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,56928,56929,56931,56933,56935,56937,56939,56941,56943,56945],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,56930,2652],{"class":56},[50,56932,61],{"class":60},[50,56934,65],{"class":64},[50,56936,366],{"class":68},[50,56938,72],{"class":64},[50,56940,80],{"class":68},[50,56942,72],{"class":64},[50,56944,500],{"class":68},[50,56946,83],{"class":64},[50,56948,56949,56951,56953,56956,56958,56960],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,56950,2680],{"class":56},[50,56952,61],{"class":60},[50,56954,56955],{"class":56}," a",[50,56957,425],{"class":64},[50,56959,12984],{"class":101},[50,56961,8722],{"class":64},[50,56963,56964,56966,56968,56970,56972,56974],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,56965,4839],{"class":56},[50,56967,425],{"class":64},[50,56969,13626],{"class":101},[50,56971,98],{"class":64},[50,56973,2602],{"class":68},[50,56975,105],{"class":64},[50,56977,56978],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,56979,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,56981,56982,56984,56986,56988,56990],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,56983,118],{"class":94},[50,56985,98],{"class":64},[50,56987,421],{"class":101},[50,56989,126],{"class":64},[50,56991,55001],{"class":129},[222,56993,56995],{"id":56994},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-list","Forgetting to save the returned list",[41,56997,56999],{"className":43,"code":56998,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.copy()\n",[15,57000,57001,57021],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,57002,57003,57005,57007,57009,57011,57013,57015,57017,57019],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,57004,57],{"class":56},[50,57006,61],{"class":60},[50,57008,65],{"class":64},[50,57010,366],{"class":68},[50,57012,72],{"class":64},[50,57014,80],{"class":68},[50,57016,72],{"class":64},[50,57018,500],{"class":68},[50,57020,83],{"class":64},[50,57022,57023,57025,57027,57029],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,57024,102],{"class":56},[50,57026,425],{"class":64},[50,57028,12984],{"class":101},[50,57030,8722],{"class":64},[20,57032,57033],{},"This creates a copy, but you do not keep it.",[20,57035,39330],{},[41,57037,57039],{"className":43,"code":57038,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n",[15,57040,57041,57061],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,57042,57043,57045,57047,57049,57051,57053,57055,57057,57059],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,57044,57],{"class":56},[50,57046,61],{"class":60},[50,57048,65],{"class":64},[50,57050,366],{"class":68},[50,57052,72],{"class":64},[50,57054,80],{"class":68},[50,57056,72],{"class":64},[50,57058,500],{"class":68},[50,57060,83],{"class":64},[50,57062,57063,57065,57067,57069,57071,57073],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,57064,56223],{"class":56},[50,57066,61],{"class":60},[50,57068,4341],{"class":56},[50,57070,425],{"class":64},[50,57072,12984],{"class":101},[50,57074,8722],{"class":64},[222,57076,57078],{"id":57077},"assuming-nested-lists-are-fully-copied","Assuming nested lists are fully copied",[41,57080,57082],{"className":43,"code":57081,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = [[1], [2]]\nb = a.copy()\n\nb[0].append(99)\n\nprint(a)  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[15,57083,57084,57102,57116,57120,57138,57142],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,57085,57086,57088,57090,57092,57094,57096,57098,57100],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,57087,2652],{"class":56},[50,57089,61],{"class":60},[50,57091,56361],{"class":64},[50,57093,366],{"class":68},[50,57095,1860],{"class":64},[50,57097,65],{"class":64},[50,57099,1564],{"class":68},[50,57101,53311],{"class":64},[50,57103,57104,57106,57108,57110,57112,57114],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,57105,2680],{"class":56},[50,57107,61],{"class":60},[50,57109,56955],{"class":56},[50,57111,425],{"class":64},[50,57113,12984],{"class":101},[50,57115,8722],{"class":64},[50,57117,57118],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,57119,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,57121,57122,57124,57126,57128,57130,57132,57134,57136],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,57123,4839],{"class":56},[50,57125,363],{"class":64},[50,57127,2220],{"class":68},[50,57129,13623],{"class":64},[50,57131,13626],{"class":101},[50,57133,98],{"class":64},[50,57135,56414],{"class":68},[50,57137,105],{"class":64},[50,57139,57140],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,57141,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,57143,57144,57146,57148,57150,57152],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,57145,118],{"class":94},[50,57147,98],{"class":64},[50,57149,421],{"class":101},[50,57151,126],{"class":64},[50,57153,57154],{"class":129},"  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[20,57156,57157,57158,57160],{},"Fix: remember that ",[15,57159,55669],{}," is shallow.",[222,57162,25685,57164,57166],{"id":57163},"trying-to-use-copy-on-the-wrong-data-type",[15,57165,12850],{}," on the wrong data type",[20,57168,57169,57171],{},[15,57170,12850],{}," here is a list method, so the value must be a list.",[41,57173,57175],{"className":43,"code":57174,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"name = \"Alice\"\n# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[15,57176,57177,57189],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,57178,57179,57181,57183,57185,57187],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,57180,7955],{"class":56},[50,57182,61],{"class":60},[50,57184,700],{"class":604},[50,57186,5083],{"class":608},[50,57188,705],{"class":604},[50,57190,57191],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,57192,57193],{"class":129},"# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[20,57195,57196],{},"If you are not sure what the variable contains, check its type:",[41,57198,57200],{"className":43,"code":57199,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(type(name))\n",[15,57201,57202],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,57203,57204,57206,57208,57210,57212,57214],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,57205,118],{"class":94},[50,57207,98],{"class":64},[50,57209,558],{"class":557},[50,57211,98],{"class":64},[50,57213,814],{"class":101},[50,57215,478],{"class":64},[20,57217,57218,57219,57223],{},"You can also review ",[421,57220,57222],{"href":57221},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list\u002F","creating a list in Python"," if you need a quick refresher.",[36,57225,1913],{"id":1912},[222,57227,1917,57229,1920],{"id":57228},"does-listcopy-change-the-original-list",[15,57230,55669],{},[20,57232,57233],{},"No. It returns a new list. The original list stays the same unless you change it separately.",[222,57235,5258,57237,4472,57239,1943],{"id":57236},"what-is-the-difference-between-listcopy-and",[15,57238,55669],{},[15,57240,61],{},[20,57242,57243,57245,57246,57248],{},[15,57244,12850],{}," creates a new list. ",[15,57247,61],{}," creates another reference to the same list.",[222,57250,14975,57252,14978],{"id":57251},"is-listcopy-a-deep-copy",[15,57253,55669],{},[20,57255,57256],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable items are still shared.",[222,57258,57260],{"id":57259},"can-i-copy-an-empty-list","Can I copy an empty list?",[20,57262,42222,57263,57266],{},[15,57264,57265],{},"empty_list.copy()"," returns another empty list.",[222,57268,14975,57270,57272,57273,1943],{"id":57269},"is-listcopy-the-same-as",[15,57271,55669],{}," the same as ",[15,57274,56701],{},[20,57276,57277],{},"For basic list copying, yes. Both create a shallow copy of the list.",[36,57279,1975],{"id":1974},[158,57281,57282,57287,57291,57296,57302],{},[161,57283,57284],{},[421,57285,15037],{"href":57286},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python\u002F",[161,57288,57289],{},[421,57290,1909],{"href":1908},[161,57292,57293],{},[421,57294,57295],{"href":57221},"Creating a list in Python",[161,57297,57298],{},[421,57299,55588,57300,10816],{"href":56836},[15,57301,52722],{},[161,57303,57304],{},[421,57305,13863],{"href":13862},[2018,57307,57308],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":57310},[57311,57312,57314,57315,57317,57318,57319,57321,57329,57340],{"id":2104,"depth":86,"text":2105},{"id":55778,"depth":86,"text":57313},"What list.copy() does",{"id":180,"depth":86,"text":181},{"id":56049,"depth":86,"text":57316},"Why not use =",{"id":56327,"depth":86,"text":56328},{"id":17487,"depth":86,"text":17488},{"id":56678,"depth":86,"text":57320},"When to use list.copy()",{"id":4597,"depth":86,"text":4598,"children":57322},[57323,57325,57326,57327],{"id":56848,"depth":108,"text":57324},"Using = and expecting a real copy",{"id":56994,"depth":108,"text":56995},{"id":57077,"depth":108,"text":57078},{"id":57163,"depth":108,"text":57328},"Trying to use copy() on the wrong data type",{"id":1912,"depth":86,"text":1913,"children":57330},[57331,57333,57335,57337,57338],{"id":57228,"depth":108,"text":57332},"Does list.copy() change the original list?",{"id":57236,"depth":108,"text":57334},"What is the difference between list.copy() and =?",{"id":57251,"depth":108,"text":57336},"Is list.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":57259,"depth":108,"text":57260},{"id":57269,"depth":108,"text":57339},"Is list.copy() the same as [:]?",{"id":1974,"depth":86,"text":1975},"Master python list copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method",{"title":55657,"description":57341},"reference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method","11yUo2QbfqRZ7h2dQr_jV0K1th-3cpd3G63JAUj7QoI",{"id":57348,"title":57349,"body":57350,"description":59092,"extension":2064,"meta":59093,"navigation":111,"path":59094,"seo":59095,"stem":59096,"__hash__":59097},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method.md","Python List count() Method",{"type":7,"value":57351,"toc":59051},[57352,57358,57364,57367,57378,57381,57383,57446,57452,57457,57461,57475,57478,57483,57488,57490,57492,57511,57523,57525,57592,57594,57602,57607,57609,57617,57620,57637,57639,57763,57774,57778,57783,57786,57788,57806,57810,57896,57905,57913,57982,57984,57987,57999,58004,58008,58079,58082,58086,58090,58155,58157,58165,58169,58252,58254,58262,58266,58327,58329,58337,58341,58428,58430,58438,58443,58448,58451,58462,58464,58549,58554,58563,58565,58569,58573,58578,58640,58644,58652,58658,58667,58672,58721,58724,58745,58749,58811,58818,58823,58826,58913,58916,58927,58930,58950,58952,58958,58961,58965,58969,58975,58978,58984,58991,58999,59010,59012,59048],[10,57353,54411,57355,11397],{"id":57354},"python-list-count-method",[15,57356,57357],{},"count()",[20,57359,57360,57363],{},[15,57361,57362],{},"list.count()"," tells you how many times one value appears in a list.",[20,57365,57366],{},"It is a useful method when you want to:",[158,57368,57369,57372,57375],{},[161,57370,57371],{},"count one specific item",[161,57373,57374],{},"check whether a value appears more than once",[161,57376,57377],{},"quickly see how many matches exist",[20,57379,57380],{},"It returns a number and does not change the original list.",[36,57382,39],{"id":38},[41,57384,57386],{"className":43,"code":57385,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 2]\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,57387,57388,57416,57434],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,57389,57390,57392,57394,57396,57398,57400,57402,57404,57406,57408,57410,57412,57414],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,57391,57],{"class":56},[50,57393,61],{"class":60},[50,57395,65],{"class":64},[50,57397,366],{"class":68},[50,57399,72],{"class":64},[50,57401,80],{"class":68},[50,57403,72],{"class":64},[50,57405,80],{"class":68},[50,57407,72],{"class":64},[50,57409,500],{"class":68},[50,57411,72],{"class":64},[50,57413,80],{"class":68},[50,57415,83],{"class":64},[50,57417,57418,57420,57422,57424,57426,57428,57430,57432],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,57419,89],{"class":56},[50,57421,61],{"class":60},[50,57423,4341],{"class":56},[50,57425,425],{"class":64},[50,57427,41329],{"class":101},[50,57429,98],{"class":64},[50,57431,1564],{"class":68},[50,57433,105],{"class":64},[50,57435,57436,57438,57440,57442,57444],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,57437,118],{"class":94},[50,57439,98],{"class":64},[50,57441,123],{"class":101},[50,57443,126],{"class":64},[50,57445,50840],{"class":129},[20,57447,920,57448,57451],{},[15,57449,57450],{},"list.count(value)"," to count how many times one value appears in a list.",[36,57453,153,57455,156],{"id":57454},"what-listcount-does",[15,57456,57362],{},[20,57458,57459,819],{},[15,57460,57362],{},[158,57462,57463,57466,57469,57472],{},[161,57464,57465],{},"counts how many times a given value appears in a list",[161,57467,57468],{},"returns an integer",[161,57470,57471],{},"does not change the original list",[161,57473,57474],{},"checks for exact matches",[20,57476,57477],{},"This means Python looks through the whole list and compares each item to the value you gave it.",[20,57479,57480,57481,425],{},"If the value appears 3 times, the method returns ",[15,57482,69],{},[20,57484,57485,57486,425],{},"If it does not appear at all, the method returns ",[15,57487,2220],{},[36,57489,181],{"id":180},[20,57491,2259],{},[41,57493,57495],{"className":43,"code":57494,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_list.count(value)\n",[15,57496,57497],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,57498,57499,57501,57503,57505,57507,57509],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,57500,8418],{"class":56},[50,57502,425],{"class":64},[50,57504,41329],{"class":101},[50,57506,98],{"class":64},[50,57508,2570],{"class":101},[50,57510,105],{"class":64},[158,57512,57513,57518],{},[161,57514,57515,57517],{},[15,57516,8418],{}," is the list you want to search",[161,57519,57520,57522],{},[15,57521,2570],{}," is the item you want to count",[20,57524,1602],{},[41,57526,57528],{"className":43,"code":57527,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"a\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,57529,57530,57570],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,57531,57532,57534,57536,57538,57540,57542,57544,57546,57548,57550,57552,57554,57556,57558,57560,57562,57564,57566,57568],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,57533,36160],{"class":56},[50,57535,61],{"class":60},[50,57537,65],{"class":64},[50,57539,811],{"class":604},[50,57541,421],{"class":608},[50,57543,811],{"class":604},[50,57545,72],{"class":64},[50,57547,700],{"class":604},[50,57549,4839],{"class":608},[50,57551,811],{"class":604},[50,57553,72],{"class":64},[50,57555,700],{"class":604},[50,57557,421],{"class":608},[50,57559,811],{"class":604},[50,57561,72],{"class":64},[50,57563,700],{"class":604},[50,57565,9817],{"class":608},[50,57567,811],{"class":604},[50,57569,83],{"class":64},[50,57571,57572,57574,57576,57578,57580,57582,57584,57586,57588,57590],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,57573,118],{"class":94},[50,57575,98],{"class":64},[50,57577,36213],{"class":101},[50,57579,425],{"class":64},[50,57581,41329],{"class":101},[50,57583,98],{"class":64},[50,57585,811],{"class":604},[50,57587,421],{"class":608},[50,57589,811],{"class":604},[50,57591,478],{"class":64},[20,57593,353],{},[41,57595,57596],{"className":43,"code":17128,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,57597,57598],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,57599,57600],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,57601,17128],{"class":68},[20,57603,57604,57605,425],{},"Python checks the whole list. If the value is not found, it returns ",[15,57606,2220],{},[36,57608,38090],{"id":38089},[20,57610,57611,57612,57614,57615,425],{},"The return value from ",[15,57613,57357],{}," is always an ",[15,57616,2288],{},[20,57618,57619],{},"Possible results:",[158,57621,57622,57627,57632],{},[161,57623,57624,57626],{},[15,57625,2220],{}," if the value does not exist in the list",[161,57628,57629,57631],{},[15,57630,366],{}," if it appears once",[161,57633,57634,57636],{},[15,57635,1564],{}," or more if it appears multiple times",[20,57638,1602],{},[41,57640,57642],{"className":43,"code":57641,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nprint(colors.count(\"blue\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))    # 1\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\")) # 0\n",[15,57643,57644,57684,57688,57713,57738],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,57645,57646,57648,57650,57652,57654,57656,57658,57660,57662,57664,57666,57668,57670,57672,57674,57676,57678,57680,57682],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,57647,13149],{"class":56},[50,57649,61],{"class":60},[50,57651,65],{"class":64},[50,57653,811],{"class":604},[50,57655,13166],{"class":608},[50,57657,811],{"class":604},[50,57659,72],{"class":64},[50,57661,700],{"class":604},[50,57663,13183],{"class":608},[50,57665,811],{"class":604},[50,57667,72],{"class":64},[50,57669,700],{"class":604},[50,57671,17525],{"class":608},[50,57673,811],{"class":604},[50,57675,72],{"class":64},[50,57677,700],{"class":604},[50,57679,13183],{"class":608},[50,57681,811],{"class":604},[50,57683,83],{"class":64},[50,57685,57686],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,57687,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,57689,57690,57692,57694,57696,57698,57700,57702,57704,57706,57708,57710],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,57691,118],{"class":94},[50,57693,98],{"class":64},[50,57695,17572],{"class":101},[50,57697,425],{"class":64},[50,57699,41329],{"class":101},[50,57701,98],{"class":64},[50,57703,811],{"class":604},[50,57705,13183],{"class":608},[50,57707,811],{"class":604},[50,57709,5440],{"class":64},[50,57711,57712],{"class":129},"   # 2\n",[50,57714,57715,57717,57719,57721,57723,57725,57727,57729,57731,57733,57735],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,57716,118],{"class":94},[50,57718,98],{"class":64},[50,57720,17572],{"class":101},[50,57722,425],{"class":64},[50,57724,41329],{"class":101},[50,57726,98],{"class":64},[50,57728,811],{"class":604},[50,57730,13166],{"class":608},[50,57732,811],{"class":604},[50,57734,5440],{"class":64},[50,57736,57737],{"class":129},"    # 1\n",[50,57739,57740,57742,57744,57746,57748,57750,57752,57754,57756,57758,57760],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,57741,118],{"class":94},[50,57743,98],{"class":64},[50,57745,17572],{"class":101},[50,57747,425],{"class":64},[50,57749,41329],{"class":101},[50,57751,98],{"class":64},[50,57753,811],{"class":604},[50,57755,22593],{"class":608},[50,57757,811],{"class":604},[50,57759,5440],{"class":64},[50,57761,57762],{"class":129}," # 0\n",[20,57764,57765,57766,57768,57769,57771,57772,425],{},"If you only want to know whether a value exists, ",[15,57767,57357],{}," works, but using ",[15,57770,3964],{}," is often simpler. See ",[421,57773,6276],{"href":6275},[36,57775,57777],{"id":57776},"how-matching-works","How matching works",[20,57779,57780,57782],{},[15,57781,57362],{}," uses equality matching.",[20,57784,57785],{},"That means Python checks whether each item is equal to the value you passed in.",[20,57787,43719],{},[158,57789,57790,57793,57796,57803],{},[161,57791,57792],{},"matches are based on equality",[161,57794,57795],{},"strings are case-sensitive",[161,57797,57798,4472,57800,57802],{},[15,57799,366],{},[15,57801,247],{}," may compare as equal in Python",[161,57804,57805],{},"nested lists can be counted if the entire nested list matches",[222,57807,57809],{"id":57808},"strings-are-case-sensitive","Strings are case-sensitive",[41,57811,57813],{"className":43,"code":57812,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"apple\", \"Apple\", \"apple\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\nprint(words.count(\"Apple\"))  # 1\n",[15,57814,57815,57848,57872],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,57816,57817,57819,57821,57823,57825,57827,57829,57831,57833,57836,57838,57840,57842,57844,57846],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,57818,1040],{"class":56},[50,57820,61],{"class":60},[50,57822,65],{"class":64},[50,57824,811],{"class":604},[50,57826,1049],{"class":608},[50,57828,811],{"class":604},[50,57830,72],{"class":64},[50,57832,700],{"class":604},[50,57834,57835],{"class":608},"Apple",[50,57837,811],{"class":604},[50,57839,72],{"class":64},[50,57841,700],{"class":604},[50,57843,1049],{"class":608},[50,57845,811],{"class":604},[50,57847,83],{"class":64},[50,57849,57850,57852,57854,57856,57858,57860,57862,57864,57866,57868,57870],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,57851,118],{"class":94},[50,57853,98],{"class":64},[50,57855,1088],{"class":101},[50,57857,425],{"class":64},[50,57859,41329],{"class":101},[50,57861,98],{"class":64},[50,57863,811],{"class":604},[50,57865,1049],{"class":608},[50,57867,811],{"class":604},[50,57869,5440],{"class":64},[50,57871,51484],{"class":129},[50,57873,57874,57876,57878,57880,57882,57884,57886,57888,57890,57892,57894],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,57875,118],{"class":94},[50,57877,98],{"class":64},[50,57879,1088],{"class":101},[50,57881,425],{"class":64},[50,57883,41329],{"class":101},[50,57885,98],{"class":64},[50,57887,811],{"class":604},[50,57889,57835],{"class":608},[50,57891,811],{"class":604},[50,57893,5440],{"class":64},[50,57895,27849],{"class":129},[20,57897,57898,4472,57901,57904],{},[15,57899,57900],{},"\"apple\"",[15,57902,57903],{},"\"Apple\""," are different strings.",[222,57906,57908,4472,57910,57912],{"id":57907},"_1-and-true-can-match",[15,57909,366],{},[15,57911,247],{}," can match",[41,57914,57916],{"className":43,"code":57915,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"values = [1, True, 2, 1]\nprint(values.count(1))     # 3\nprint(values.count(True))  # 3\n",[15,57917,57918,57942,57962],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,57919,57920,57922,57924,57926,57928,57930,57932,57934,57936,57938,57940],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,57921,516],{"class":56},[50,57923,61],{"class":60},[50,57925,65],{"class":64},[50,57927,366],{"class":68},[50,57929,72],{"class":64},[50,57931,3997],{"class":207},[50,57933,72],{"class":64},[50,57935,80],{"class":68},[50,57937,72],{"class":64},[50,57939,75],{"class":68},[50,57941,83],{"class":64},[50,57943,57944,57946,57948,57950,57952,57954,57956,57958,57960],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,57945,118],{"class":94},[50,57947,98],{"class":64},[50,57949,546],{"class":101},[50,57951,425],{"class":64},[50,57953,41329],{"class":101},[50,57955,98],{"class":64},[50,57957,366],{"class":68},[50,57959,5440],{"class":64},[50,57961,50988],{"class":129},[50,57963,57964,57966,57968,57970,57972,57974,57976,57978,57980],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,57965,118],{"class":94},[50,57967,98],{"class":64},[50,57969,546],{"class":101},[50,57971,425],{"class":64},[50,57973,41329],{"class":101},[50,57975,98],{"class":64},[50,57977,247],{"class":207},[50,57979,5440],{"class":64},[50,57981,50840],{"class":129},[20,57983,4489],{},[20,57985,57986],{},"In Python:",[158,57988,57989,57994],{},[161,57990,57991],{},[15,57992,57993],{},"True == 1",[161,57995,57996],{},[15,57997,57998],{},"False == 0",[20,58000,53722,58001,58003],{},[15,58002,57357],{}," may include both booleans and integers when they compare as equal.",[222,58005,58007],{"id":58006},"nested-lists-must-match-exactly","Nested lists must match exactly",[41,58009,58011],{"className":43,"code":58010,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [1, 2], [1]]\nprint(items.count([1, 2]))  # 2\n",[15,58012,58013,58055],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,58014,58015,58017,58019,58021,58023,58025,58027,58029,58031,58033,58035,58037,58039,58041,58043,58045,58047,58049,58051,58053],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,58016,7859],{"class":56},[50,58018,61],{"class":60},[50,58020,56361],{"class":64},[50,58022,366],{"class":68},[50,58024,72],{"class":64},[50,58026,80],{"class":68},[50,58028,1860],{"class":64},[50,58030,65],{"class":64},[50,58032,69],{"class":68},[50,58034,72],{"class":64},[50,58036,2554],{"class":68},[50,58038,1860],{"class":64},[50,58040,65],{"class":64},[50,58042,366],{"class":68},[50,58044,72],{"class":64},[50,58046,80],{"class":68},[50,58048,1860],{"class":64},[50,58050,65],{"class":64},[50,58052,366],{"class":68},[50,58054,53311],{"class":64},[50,58056,58057,58059,58061,58063,58065,58067,58069,58071,58073,58075,58077],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,58058,118],{"class":94},[50,58060,98],{"class":64},[50,58062,7888],{"class":101},[50,58064,425],{"class":64},[50,58066,41329],{"class":101},[50,58068,1792],{"class":64},[50,58070,366],{"class":68},[50,58072,72],{"class":64},[50,58074,80],{"class":68},[50,58076,4813],{"class":64},[50,58078,51484],{"class":129},[20,58080,58081],{},"Python counts only exact matches of the full nested list.",[36,58083,58085],{"id":58084},"beginner-examples-to-include","Beginner examples to include",[222,58087,58089],{"id":58088},"count-a-number-in-a-list-of-numbers","Count a number in a list of numbers",[41,58091,58093],{"className":43,"code":58092,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [10, 20, 10, 30, 10]\nresult = numbers.count(10)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58094,58095,58123,58141,58145],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,58096,58097,58099,58101,58103,58105,58107,58109,58111,58113,58115,58117,58119,58121],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,58098,57],{"class":56},[50,58100,61],{"class":60},[50,58102,65],{"class":64},[50,58104,1618],{"class":68},[50,58106,72],{"class":64},[50,58108,840],{"class":68},[50,58110,72],{"class":64},[50,58112,6082],{"class":68},[50,58114,72],{"class":64},[50,58116,1627],{"class":68},[50,58118,72],{"class":64},[50,58120,6082],{"class":68},[50,58122,83],{"class":64},[50,58124,58125,58127,58129,58131,58133,58135,58137,58139],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,58126,89],{"class":56},[50,58128,61],{"class":60},[50,58130,4341],{"class":56},[50,58132,425],{"class":64},[50,58134,41329],{"class":101},[50,58136,98],{"class":64},[50,58138,1618],{"class":68},[50,58140,105],{"class":64},[50,58142,58143],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,58144,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,58146,58147,58149,58151,58153],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,58148,118],{"class":94},[50,58150,98],{"class":64},[50,58152,123],{"class":101},[50,58154,105],{"class":64},[20,58156,353],{},[41,58158,58159],{"className":43,"code":46687,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,58160,58161],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,58162,58163],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,58164,46687],{"class":68},[222,58166,58168],{"id":58167},"count-a-word-in-a-list-of-strings","Count a word in a list of strings",[41,58170,58172],{"className":43,"code":58171,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"cat\", \"dog\", \"cat\", \"bird\"]\nresult = words.count(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58173,58174,58216,58238,58242],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,58175,58176,58178,58180,58182,58184,58186,58188,58190,58192,58195,58197,58199,58201,58203,58205,58207,58209,58212,58214],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,58177,1040],{"class":56},[50,58179,61],{"class":60},[50,58181,65],{"class":64},[50,58183,811],{"class":604},[50,58185,37116],{"class":608},[50,58187,811],{"class":604},[50,58189,72],{"class":64},[50,58191,700],{"class":604},[50,58193,58194],{"class":608},"dog",[50,58196,811],{"class":604},[50,58198,72],{"class":64},[50,58200,700],{"class":604},[50,58202,37116],{"class":608},[50,58204,811],{"class":604},[50,58206,72],{"class":64},[50,58208,700],{"class":604},[50,58210,58211],{"class":608},"bird",[50,58213,811],{"class":604},[50,58215,83],{"class":64},[50,58217,58218,58220,58222,58224,58226,58228,58230,58232,58234,58236],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,58219,89],{"class":56},[50,58221,61],{"class":60},[50,58223,6246],{"class":56},[50,58225,425],{"class":64},[50,58227,41329],{"class":101},[50,58229,98],{"class":64},[50,58231,811],{"class":604},[50,58233,37116],{"class":608},[50,58235,811],{"class":604},[50,58237,105],{"class":64},[50,58239,58240],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,58241,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,58243,58244,58246,58248,58250],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,58245,118],{"class":94},[50,58247,98],{"class":64},[50,58249,123],{"class":101},[50,58251,105],{"class":64},[20,58253,353],{},[41,58255,58256],{"className":43,"code":17128,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,58257,58258],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,58259,58260],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,58261,17128],{"class":68},[222,58263,58265],{"id":58264},"count-a-value-that-is-not-in-the-list","Count a value that is not in the list",[41,58267,58269],{"className":43,"code":58268,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = numbers.count(5)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58270,58271,58295,58313,58317],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,58272,58273,58275,58277,58279,58281,58283,58285,58287,58289,58291,58293],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,58274,57],{"class":56},[50,58276,61],{"class":60},[50,58278,65],{"class":64},[50,58280,366],{"class":68},[50,58282,72],{"class":64},[50,58284,80],{"class":68},[50,58286,72],{"class":64},[50,58288,500],{"class":68},[50,58290,72],{"class":64},[50,58292,2554],{"class":68},[50,58294,83],{"class":64},[50,58296,58297,58299,58301,58303,58305,58307,58309,58311],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,58298,89],{"class":56},[50,58300,61],{"class":60},[50,58302,4341],{"class":56},[50,58304,425],{"class":64},[50,58306,41329],{"class":101},[50,58308,98],{"class":64},[50,58310,290],{"class":68},[50,58312,105],{"class":64},[50,58314,58315],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,58316,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,58318,58319,58321,58323,58325],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,58320,118],{"class":94},[50,58322,98],{"class":64},[50,58324,123],{"class":101},[50,58326,105],{"class":64},[20,58328,353],{},[41,58330,58331],{"className":43,"code":47322,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,58332,58333],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,58334,58335],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,58336,47322],{"class":68},[222,58338,58340],{"id":58339},"count-repeated-nested-list-values","Count repeated nested list values",[41,58342,58344],{"className":43,"code":58343,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = [[1, 2], [1, 2], [2, 3], [1, 2]]\nresult = data.count([1, 2])\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58345,58346,58392,58414,58418],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,58347,58348,58350,58352,58354,58356,58358,58360,58362,58364,58366,58368,58370,58372,58374,58376,58378,58380,58382,58384,58386,58388,58390],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,58349,9246],{"class":56},[50,58351,61],{"class":60},[50,58353,56361],{"class":64},[50,58355,366],{"class":68},[50,58357,72],{"class":64},[50,58359,80],{"class":68},[50,58361,1860],{"class":64},[50,58363,65],{"class":64},[50,58365,366],{"class":68},[50,58367,72],{"class":64},[50,58369,80],{"class":68},[50,58371,1860],{"class":64},[50,58373,65],{"class":64},[50,58375,1564],{"class":68},[50,58377,72],{"class":64},[50,58379,500],{"class":68},[50,58381,1860],{"class":64},[50,58383,65],{"class":64},[50,58385,366],{"class":68},[50,58387,72],{"class":64},[50,58389,80],{"class":68},[50,58391,53311],{"class":64},[50,58393,58394,58396,58398,58400,58402,58404,58406,58408,58410,58412],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,58395,89],{"class":56},[50,58397,61],{"class":60},[50,58399,14639],{"class":56},[50,58401,425],{"class":64},[50,58403,41329],{"class":101},[50,58405,1792],{"class":64},[50,58407,366],{"class":68},[50,58409,72],{"class":64},[50,58411,80],{"class":68},[50,58413,3970],{"class":64},[50,58415,58416],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,58417,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,58419,58420,58422,58424,58426],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,58421,118],{"class":94},[50,58423,98],{"class":64},[50,58425,123],{"class":101},[50,58427,105],{"class":64},[20,58429,353],{},[41,58431,58432],{"className":43,"code":46687,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,58433,58434],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,58435,58436],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,58437,46687],{"class":68},[36,58439,5040,58441],{"id":58440},"when-to-use-count",[15,58442,57357],{},[20,58444,920,58445,58447],{},[15,58446,57357],{}," when you need the number of appearances of one value.",[20,58449,58450],{},"Good use cases:",[158,58452,58453,58456,58459],{},[161,58454,58455],{},"counting one specific item",[161,58457,58458],{},"checking whether a list contains duplicates of a value",[161,58460,58461],{},"doing a quick count before making a decision",[20,58463,1602],{},[41,58465,58467],{"className":43,"code":58466,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"votes = [\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\"]\nyes_votes = votes.count(\"yes\")\n\nprint(yes_votes)\n",[15,58468,58469,58510,58534,58538],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,58470,58471,58474,58476,58478,58480,58482,58484,58486,58488,58490,58492,58494,58496,58498,58500,58502,58504,58506,58508],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,58472,58473],{"class":56},"votes ",[50,58475,61],{"class":60},[50,58477,65],{"class":64},[50,58479,811],{"class":604},[50,58481,8737],{"class":608},[50,58483,811],{"class":604},[50,58485,72],{"class":64},[50,58487,700],{"class":604},[50,58489,8677],{"class":608},[50,58491,811],{"class":604},[50,58493,72],{"class":64},[50,58495,700],{"class":604},[50,58497,8737],{"class":608},[50,58499,811],{"class":604},[50,58501,72],{"class":64},[50,58503,700],{"class":604},[50,58505,8737],{"class":608},[50,58507,811],{"class":604},[50,58509,83],{"class":64},[50,58511,58512,58515,58517,58520,58522,58524,58526,58528,58530,58532],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,58513,58514],{"class":56},"yes_votes ",[50,58516,61],{"class":60},[50,58518,58519],{"class":56}," votes",[50,58521,425],{"class":64},[50,58523,41329],{"class":101},[50,58525,98],{"class":64},[50,58527,811],{"class":604},[50,58529,8737],{"class":608},[50,58531,811],{"class":604},[50,58533,105],{"class":64},[50,58535,58536],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,58537,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,58539,58540,58542,58544,58547],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,58541,118],{"class":94},[50,58543,98],{"class":64},[50,58545,58546],{"class":101},"yes_votes",[50,58548,105],{"class":64},[20,58550,58551,58553],{},[15,58552,57357],{}," is not the best choice if you need counts for many different values. In that case, you would usually use a loop or another tool.",[20,58555,58556,58557,4472,58559,425],{},"If you are still learning list basics, see ",[421,58558,1909],{"href":1908},[421,58560,58562],{"href":58561},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-list-in-python\u002F","what is a list in Python",[36,58564,1743],{"id":1742},[20,58566,8526,58567,425],{},[15,58568,57362],{},[222,58570,58572],{"id":58571},"trying-to-count-part-of-a-string-instead-of-list-items","Trying to count part of a string instead of list items",[20,58574,58575,58577],{},[15,58576,57362],{}," counts list items, not parts of a string.",[41,58579,58581],{"className":43,"code":58580,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"apple pie\", \"banana\", \"apple pie\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 0\n",[15,58582,58583,58616],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,58584,58585,58587,58589,58591,58593,58596,58598,58600,58602,58604,58606,58608,58610,58612,58614],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,58586,1040],{"class":56},[50,58588,61],{"class":60},[50,58590,65],{"class":64},[50,58592,811],{"class":604},[50,58594,58595],{"class":608},"apple pie",[50,58597,811],{"class":604},[50,58599,72],{"class":64},[50,58601,700],{"class":604},[50,58603,1058],{"class":608},[50,58605,811],{"class":604},[50,58607,72],{"class":64},[50,58609,700],{"class":604},[50,58611,58595],{"class":608},[50,58613,811],{"class":604},[50,58615,83],{"class":64},[50,58617,58618,58620,58622,58624,58626,58628,58630,58632,58634,58636,58638],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,58619,118],{"class":94},[50,58621,98],{"class":64},[50,58623,1088],{"class":101},[50,58625,425],{"class":64},[50,58627,41329],{"class":101},[50,58629,98],{"class":64},[50,58631,811],{"class":604},[50,58633,1049],{"class":608},[50,58635,811],{"class":604},[50,58637,5440],{"class":64},[50,58639,51316],{"class":129},[20,58641,2586,58642,1943],{},[15,58643,2220],{},[20,58645,29131,58646,58648,58649,425],{},[15,58647,57900],{}," is not a full item in the list. The list contains ",[15,58650,58651],{},"\"apple pie\"",[20,58653,58654,58655,425],{},"If your data is a string instead of a list, you may be thinking of ",[15,58656,58657],{},"str.count()",[222,58659,8532,58661,8535,58663,2976,58665],{"id":58660},"expecting-count-to-return-true-or-false",[15,58662,57357],{},[15,58664,247],{},[15,58666,218],{},[20,58668,58669,58671],{},[15,58670,57357],{}," returns a number, not a boolean.",[41,58673,58675],{"className":43,"code":58674,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.count(2))  # 2\n",[15,58676,58677,58701],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,58678,58679,58681,58683,58685,58687,58689,58691,58693,58695,58697,58699],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,58680,57],{"class":56},[50,58682,61],{"class":60},[50,58684,65],{"class":64},[50,58686,366],{"class":68},[50,58688,72],{"class":64},[50,58690,80],{"class":68},[50,58692,72],{"class":64},[50,58694,80],{"class":68},[50,58696,72],{"class":64},[50,58698,500],{"class":68},[50,58700,83],{"class":64},[50,58702,58703,58705,58707,58709,58711,58713,58715,58717,58719],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,58704,118],{"class":94},[50,58706,98],{"class":64},[50,58708,102],{"class":101},[50,58710,425],{"class":64},[50,58712,41329],{"class":101},[50,58714,98],{"class":64},[50,58716,1564],{"class":68},[50,58718,5440],{"class":64},[50,58720,51484],{"class":129},[20,58722,58723],{},"If you want a true\u002Ffalse answer, use:",[41,58725,58727],{"className":43,"code":58726,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(2 in numbers)  # True\n",[15,58728,58729],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,58730,58731,58733,58735,58737,58739,58741,58743],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,58732,118],{"class":94},[50,58734,98],{"class":64},[50,58736,1564],{"class":68},[50,58738,21243],{"class":3957},[50,58740,4341],{"class":101},[50,58742,126],{"class":64},[50,58744,3747],{"class":129},[222,58746,58748],{"id":58747},"forgetting-that-string-matching-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that string matching is case-sensitive",[41,58750,58752],{"className":43,"code":58751,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"names = [\"Sam\", \"sam\", \"SAM\"]\nprint(names.count(\"sam\"))  # 1\n",[15,58753,58754,58787],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,58755,58756,58758,58760,58762,58764,58766,58768,58770,58772,58774,58776,58778,58780,58783,58785],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,58757,5074],{"class":56},[50,58759,61],{"class":60},[50,58761,65],{"class":64},[50,58763,811],{"class":604},[50,58765,7756],{"class":608},[50,58767,811],{"class":604},[50,58769,72],{"class":64},[50,58771,700],{"class":604},[50,58773,20288],{"class":608},[50,58775,811],{"class":604},[50,58777,72],{"class":64},[50,58779,700],{"class":604},[50,58781,58782],{"class":608},"SAM",[50,58784,811],{"class":604},[50,58786,83],{"class":64},[50,58788,58789,58791,58793,58795,58797,58799,58801,58803,58805,58807,58809],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,58790,118],{"class":94},[50,58792,98],{"class":64},[50,58794,5118],{"class":101},[50,58796,425],{"class":64},[50,58798,41329],{"class":101},[50,58800,98],{"class":64},[50,58802,811],{"class":604},[50,58804,20288],{"class":608},[50,58806,811],{"class":604},[50,58808,5440],{"class":64},[50,58810,27849],{"class":129},[20,58812,58813,58814,58817],{},"Only the exact string ",[15,58815,58816],{},"\"sam\""," matches.",[222,58819,1767,58821,33619],{"id":58820},"calling-count-on-the-wrong-type",[15,58822,57357],{},[20,58824,58825],{},"If you are not sure what your variable contains, inspect it first:",[41,58827,58829],{"className":43,"code":58828,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(value in my_list)\nfor item in my_list:\n    print(repr(item))\n",[15,58830,58831,58841,58855,58873,58887,58899],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,58832,58833,58835,58837,58839],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,58834,118],{"class":94},[50,58836,98],{"class":64},[50,58838,8418],{"class":101},[50,58840,105],{"class":64},[50,58842,58843,58845,58847,58849,58851,58853],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,58844,118],{"class":94},[50,58846,98],{"class":64},[50,58848,558],{"class":557},[50,58850,98],{"class":64},[50,58852,8418],{"class":101},[50,58854,478],{"class":64},[50,58856,58857,58859,58861,58863,58865,58867,58869,58871],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,58858,118],{"class":94},[50,58860,98],{"class":64},[50,58862,8418],{"class":101},[50,58864,425],{"class":64},[50,58866,41329],{"class":101},[50,58868,98],{"class":64},[50,58870,2570],{"class":101},[50,58872,478],{"class":64},[50,58874,58875,58877,58879,58881,58883,58885],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,58876,118],{"class":94},[50,58878,98],{"class":64},[50,58880,2544],{"class":101},[50,58882,3964],{"class":3957},[50,58884,8475],{"class":101},[50,58886,105],{"class":64},[50,58888,58889,58891,58893,58895,58897],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,58890,6035],{"class":3957},[50,58892,6038],{"class":56},[50,58894,3964],{"class":3957},[50,58896,8475],{"class":56},[50,58898,6470],{"class":64},[50,58900,58901,58903,58905,58907,58909,58911],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,58902,8148],{"class":94},[50,58904,98],{"class":64},[50,58906,41849],{"class":94},[50,58908,98],{"class":64},[50,58910,23379],{"class":101},[50,58912,478],{"class":64},[20,58914,58915],{},"These checks can help you see:",[158,58917,58918,58921,58924],{},[161,58919,58920],{},"whether the variable is really a list",[161,58922,58923],{},"whether the values are exactly what you expect",[161,58925,58926],{},"whether spacing, capitalization, or data type differences are causing problems",[20,58928,58929],{},"Common causes of confusion include:",[158,58931,58932,58937,58940,58947],{},[161,58933,50561,58934,58936],{},[15,58935,57357],{}," when the data is a string, not a list",[161,58938,58939],{},"expecting substring behavior instead of exact list-item matching",[161,58941,11182,58942,58944,58945],{},[15,58943,57362],{}," with string ",[15,58946,57357],{},[161,58948,58949],{},"being surprised that booleans and integers can compare as equal",[36,58951,1913],{"id":1912},[222,58953,1917,58955,58957],{"id":58954},"does-listcount-change-the-list",[15,58956,57362],{}," change the list?",[20,58959,58960],{},"No. It only returns how many times a value appears.",[222,58962,58964],{"id":58963},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-list","What happens if the value is not in the list?",[20,58966,11985,58967,425],{},[15,58968,2220],{},[222,58970,5248,58972,58974],{"id":58971},"can-listcount-count-multiple-different-values-at-once",[15,58973,57362],{}," count multiple different values at once?",[20,58976,58977],{},"No. It counts one value per call.",[222,58979,14975,58981,58983],{"id":58980},"is-listcount-case-sensitive-for-strings",[15,58982,57362],{}," case-sensitive for strings?",[20,58985,42222,58986,4472,58988,58990],{},[15,58987,57903],{},[15,58989,57900],{}," are different values.",[222,58992,1963,58994,58996,58997,1943],{"id":58993},"why-does-true-sometimes-count-like-1",[15,58995,247],{}," sometimes count like ",[15,58998,366],{},[20,59000,8865,59001,59003,59004,4472,59006,59003,59008,425],{},[15,59002,247],{}," compares equal to ",[15,59005,366],{},[15,59007,218],{},[15,59009,2220],{},[36,59011,1975],{"id":1974},[158,59013,59014,59018,59024,59028,59036,59043],{},[161,59015,59016],{},[421,59017,1909],{"href":1908},[161,59019,59020],{},[421,59021,59023],{"href":59022},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to find an item in a list in Python",[161,59025,59026],{},[421,59027,7014],{"href":6275},[161,59029,59030],{},[421,59031,55588,59033,10816],{"href":59032},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method\u002F",[15,59034,59035],{},"index()",[161,59037,59038],{},[421,59039,13,59041],{"href":59040},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len",[15,59042,1454],{},[161,59044,59045],{},[421,59046,59047],{"href":58561},"What is a list in Python",[2018,59049,59050],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":59052},[59053,59054,59056,59057,59058,59064,59070,59072,59080,59091],{"id":38,"depth":86,"text":39},{"id":57454,"depth":86,"text":59055},"What list.count() does",{"id":180,"depth":86,"text":181},{"id":38089,"depth":86,"text":38090},{"id":57776,"depth":86,"text":57777,"children":59059},[59060,59061,59063],{"id":57808,"depth":108,"text":57809},{"id":57907,"depth":108,"text":59062},"1 and True can match",{"id":58006,"depth":108,"text":58007},{"id":58084,"depth":86,"text":58085,"children":59065},[59066,59067,59068,59069],{"id":58088,"depth":108,"text":58089},{"id":58167,"depth":108,"text":58168},{"id":58264,"depth":108,"text":58265},{"id":58339,"depth":108,"text":58340},{"id":58440,"depth":86,"text":59071},"When to use count()",{"id":1742,"depth":86,"text":1743,"children":59073},[59074,59075,59077,59078],{"id":58571,"depth":108,"text":58572},{"id":58660,"depth":108,"text":59076},"Expecting count() to return True or False",{"id":58747,"depth":108,"text":58748},{"id":58820,"depth":108,"text":59079},"Calling count() on the wrong type",{"id":1912,"depth":86,"text":1913,"children":59081},[59082,59084,59085,59087,59089],{"id":58954,"depth":108,"text":59083},"Does list.count() change the list?",{"id":58963,"depth":108,"text":58964},{"id":58971,"depth":108,"text":59086},"Can list.count() count multiple different values at once?",{"id":58980,"depth":108,"text":59088},"Is list.count() case-sensitive for strings?",{"id":58993,"depth":108,"text":59090},"Why does True sometimes count like 1?",{"id":1974,"depth":86,"text":1975},"Master python list count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method",{"title":57349,"description":59092},"reference\u002Fpython-list-count-method","OaDs4b1B53uOAHV8umIolgeKHFj-NyORlCwOR-o8JYw",{"id":59099,"title":59100,"body":59101,"description":61061,"extension":2064,"meta":61062,"navigation":111,"path":61063,"seo":61064,"stem":61065,"__hash__":61066},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list.md","Python List: Creating a List",{"type":7,"value":59102,"toc":61024},[59103,59106,59109,59111,59239,59243,59324,59335,59337,59356,59360,59363,59366,59384,59386,59429,59433,59458,59467,59471,59476,59479,59596,59600,59669,59673,59685,59689,59692,59733,59737,59750,59753,59838,59842,59875,59882,59888,59893,59895,59907,59911,59944,59948,59980,59984,60021,60025,60045,60049,60083,60087,60116,60127,60131,60134,60137,60150,60207,60211,60250,60256,60259,60261,60264,60268,60271,60296,60298,60323,60330,60333,60377,60381,60400,60403,60442,60449,60454,60488,60492,60591,60598,60631,60635,60661,60665,60668,60706,60709,60746,60750,60753,60772,60776,60837,60839,60857,60861,60864,60867,60896,60898,60902,60905,60913,60917,60920,60940,60946,60952,60956,60959,60966,60974,60976,61015,61021],[10,59104,59100],{"id":59105},"python-list-creating-a-list",[20,59107,59108],{},"A Python list is one of the most common data structures you will use. This page shows the main ways to create a list, what list syntax looks like, and when each approach is useful.",[36,59110,39],{"id":38},[41,59112,59114],{"className":43,"code":59113,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nempty_list = []\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(empty_list)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,59115,59116,59136,59168,59176,59194,59198,59208,59218,59229],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,59117,59118,59120,59122,59124,59126,59128,59130,59132,59134],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,59119,57],{"class":56},[50,59121,61],{"class":60},[50,59123,65],{"class":64},[50,59125,366],{"class":68},[50,59127,72],{"class":64},[50,59129,80],{"class":68},[50,59131,72],{"class":64},[50,59133,500],{"class":68},[50,59135,83],{"class":64},[50,59137,59138,59140,59142,59144,59146,59148,59150,59152,59154,59156,59158,59160,59162,59164,59166],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,59139,5074],{"class":56},[50,59141,61],{"class":60},[50,59143,65],{"class":64},[50,59145,811],{"class":604},[50,59147,824],{"class":608},[50,59149,811],{"class":604},[50,59151,72],{"class":64},[50,59153,700],{"class":604},[50,59155,36010],{"class":608},[50,59157,811],{"class":604},[50,59159,72],{"class":64},[50,59161,700],{"class":604},[50,59163,36019],{"class":608},[50,59165,811],{"class":604},[50,59167,83],{"class":64},[50,59169,59170,59172,59174],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,59171,55998],{"class":56},[50,59173,61],{"class":60},[50,59175,7917],{"class":64},[50,59177,59178,59180,59182,59184,59186,59188,59190,59192],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,59179,36160],{"class":56},[50,59181,61],{"class":60},[50,59183,22629],{"class":557},[50,59185,98],{"class":64},[50,59187,811],{"class":604},[50,59189,41630],{"class":608},[50,59191,811],{"class":604},[50,59193,105],{"class":64},[50,59195,59196],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,59197,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,59199,59200,59202,59204,59206],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,59201,118],{"class":94},[50,59203,98],{"class":64},[50,59205,102],{"class":101},[50,59207,105],{"class":64},[50,59209,59210,59212,59214,59216],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,59211,118],{"class":94},[50,59213,98],{"class":64},[50,59215,5118],{"class":101},[50,59217,105],{"class":64},[50,59219,59220,59222,59224,59227],{"class":52,"line":6503},[50,59221,118],{"class":94},[50,59223,98],{"class":64},[50,59225,59226],{"class":101},"empty_list",[50,59228,105],{"class":64},[50,59230,59231,59233,59235,59237],{"class":52,"line":6509},[50,59232,118],{"class":94},[50,59234,98],{"class":64},[50,59236,36213],{"class":101},[50,59238,105],{"class":64},[20,59240,59241],{},[3824,59242,353],{},[41,59244,59246],{"className":43,"code":59245,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,59247,59248,59264,59292,59296],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,59249,59250,59252,59254,59256,59258,59260,59262],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,59251,363],{"class":64},[50,59253,366],{"class":68},[50,59255,72],{"class":64},[50,59257,80],{"class":68},[50,59259,72],{"class":64},[50,59261,500],{"class":68},[50,59263,83],{"class":64},[50,59265,59266,59268,59270,59272,59274,59276,59278,59280,59282,59284,59286,59288,59290],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,59267,363],{"class":64},[50,59269,611],{"class":604},[50,59271,824],{"class":608},[50,59273,611],{"class":604},[50,59275,72],{"class":64},[50,59277,605],{"class":604},[50,59279,36010],{"class":608},[50,59281,611],{"class":604},[50,59283,72],{"class":64},[50,59285,605],{"class":604},[50,59287,36019],{"class":608},[50,59289,611],{"class":604},[50,59291,83],{"class":64},[50,59293,59294],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,59295,38367],{"class":64},[50,59297,59298,59300,59302,59304,59306,59308,59310,59312,59314,59316,59318,59320,59322],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,59299,363],{"class":64},[50,59301,611],{"class":604},[50,59303,421],{"class":608},[50,59305,611],{"class":604},[50,59307,72],{"class":64},[50,59309,605],{"class":604},[50,59311,4839],{"class":608},[50,59313,611],{"class":604},[50,59315,72],{"class":64},[50,59317,605],{"class":604},[50,59319,9817],{"class":608},[50,59321,611],{"class":604},[50,59323,83],{"class":64},[20,59325,59326,59327,59329,59330,59332,59333,425],{},"Use square brackets ",[15,59328,3868],{}," for most lists. Use ",[15,59331,24849],{}," when converting another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,59334,2016],{},[36,59336,15235],{"id":15234},[158,59338,59339,59342,59345,59348,59353],{},[161,59340,59341],{},"What a list is in Python",[161,59343,59344],{},"How to create a list with square brackets",[161,59346,59347],{},"How to create an empty list",[161,59349,59350,59351,1596],{},"How to create a list with the ",[15,59352,24849],{},[161,59354,59355],{},"What kinds of values a list can store",[36,59357,59359],{"id":59358},"what-a-python-list-is","What a Python list is",[20,59361,59362],{},"A list is an ordered collection of items.",[20,59364,59365],{},"This means:",[158,59367,59368,59371,59374,59377],{},[161,59369,59370],{},"A list can contain one item or many items",[161,59372,59373],{},"The order of items is kept",[161,59375,59376],{},"A list can hold different data types",[161,59378,59379,59380,59383],{},"A list is ",[3824,59381,59382],{},"mutable",", which means you can change it after creating it",[20,59385,1602],{},[41,59387,59389],{"className":43,"code":59388,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [\"apple\", 10, True]\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,59390,59391,59415,59419],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,59392,59393,59395,59397,59399,59401,59403,59405,59407,59409,59411,59413],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,59394,7859],{"class":56},[50,59396,61],{"class":60},[50,59398,65],{"class":64},[50,59400,811],{"class":604},[50,59402,1049],{"class":608},[50,59404,811],{"class":604},[50,59406,72],{"class":64},[50,59408,6082],{"class":68},[50,59410,72],{"class":64},[50,59412,3997],{"class":207},[50,59414,83],{"class":64},[50,59416,59417],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,59418,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,59420,59421,59423,59425,59427],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,59422,118],{"class":94},[50,59424,98],{"class":64},[50,59426,7888],{"class":101},[50,59428,105],{"class":64},[20,59430,59431],{},[3824,59432,353],{},[41,59434,59436],{"className":43,"code":59435,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['apple', 10, True]\n",[15,59437,59438],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,59439,59440,59442,59444,59446,59448,59450,59452,59454,59456],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,59441,363],{"class":64},[50,59443,611],{"class":604},[50,59445,1049],{"class":608},[50,59447,611],{"class":604},[50,59449,72],{"class":64},[50,59451,6082],{"class":68},[50,59453,72],{"class":64},[50,59455,3997],{"class":207},[50,59457,83],{"class":64},[20,59459,59460,59461,2976,59464,425],{},"If you want a broader introduction, see ",[421,59462,59463],{"href":1908},"Python Lists Explained for Beginners",[421,59465,59466],{"href":58561},"What is a List in Python?",[36,59468,59470],{"id":59469},"create-a-list-with-square-brackets","Create a list with square brackets",[20,59472,59326,59473,59475],{},[15,59474,3868],{}," to create a list. Put items inside the brackets and separate them with commas.",[20,59477,59478],{},"This is the most common way to create a list.",[41,59480,59482],{"className":43,"code":59481,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nmixed = [10, \"hello\", False]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,59483,59484,59504,59536,59561,59565,59575,59585],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,59485,59486,59488,59490,59492,59494,59496,59498,59500,59502],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,59487,57],{"class":56},[50,59489,61],{"class":60},[50,59491,65],{"class":64},[50,59493,366],{"class":68},[50,59495,72],{"class":64},[50,59497,80],{"class":68},[50,59499,72],{"class":64},[50,59501,500],{"class":68},[50,59503,83],{"class":64},[50,59505,59506,59508,59510,59512,59514,59516,59518,59520,59522,59524,59526,59528,59530,59532,59534],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,59507,5074],{"class":56},[50,59509,61],{"class":60},[50,59511,65],{"class":64},[50,59513,811],{"class":604},[50,59515,824],{"class":608},[50,59517,811],{"class":604},[50,59519,72],{"class":64},[50,59521,700],{"class":604},[50,59523,36010],{"class":608},[50,59525,811],{"class":604},[50,59527,72],{"class":64},[50,59529,700],{"class":604},[50,59531,36019],{"class":608},[50,59533,811],{"class":604},[50,59535,83],{"class":64},[50,59537,59538,59541,59543,59545,59547,59549,59551,59553,59555,59557,59559],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,59539,59540],{"class":56},"mixed ",[50,59542,61],{"class":60},[50,59544,65],{"class":64},[50,59546,1618],{"class":68},[50,59548,72],{"class":64},[50,59550,700],{"class":604},[50,59552,3926],{"class":608},[50,59554,811],{"class":604},[50,59556,72],{"class":64},[50,59558,3988],{"class":207},[50,59560,83],{"class":64},[50,59562,59563],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,59564,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,59566,59567,59569,59571,59573],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,59568,118],{"class":94},[50,59570,98],{"class":64},[50,59572,102],{"class":101},[50,59574,105],{"class":64},[50,59576,59577,59579,59581,59583],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,59578,118],{"class":94},[50,59580,98],{"class":64},[50,59582,5118],{"class":101},[50,59584,105],{"class":64},[50,59586,59587,59589,59591,59594],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,59588,118],{"class":94},[50,59590,98],{"class":64},[50,59592,59593],{"class":101},"mixed",[50,59595,105],{"class":64},[20,59597,59598],{},[3824,59599,353],{},[41,59601,59603],{"className":43,"code":59602,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[10, 'hello', False]\n",[15,59604,59605,59621,59649],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,59606,59607,59609,59611,59613,59615,59617,59619],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,59608,363],{"class":64},[50,59610,366],{"class":68},[50,59612,72],{"class":64},[50,59614,80],{"class":68},[50,59616,72],{"class":64},[50,59618,500],{"class":68},[50,59620,83],{"class":64},[50,59622,59623,59625,59627,59629,59631,59633,59635,59637,59639,59641,59643,59645,59647],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,59624,363],{"class":64},[50,59626,611],{"class":604},[50,59628,824],{"class":608},[50,59630,611],{"class":604},[50,59632,72],{"class":64},[50,59634,605],{"class":604},[50,59636,36010],{"class":608},[50,59638,611],{"class":604},[50,59640,72],{"class":64},[50,59642,605],{"class":604},[50,59644,36019],{"class":608},[50,59646,611],{"class":604},[50,59648,83],{"class":64},[50,59650,59651,59653,59655,59657,59659,59661,59663,59665,59667],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,59652,363],{"class":64},[50,59654,1618],{"class":68},[50,59656,72],{"class":64},[50,59658,605],{"class":604},[50,59660,3926],{"class":608},[50,59662,611],{"class":604},[50,59664,72],{"class":64},[50,59666,3988],{"class":207},[50,59668,83],{"class":64},[222,59670,59672],{"id":59671},"key-points","Key points",[158,59674,59675,59680,59682],{},[161,59676,920,59677,59679],{},[15,59678,3868],{}," to make a new list",[161,59681,15505],{},[161,59683,59684],{},"Works with numbers, strings, booleans, and mixed values",[36,59686,59688],{"id":59687},"create-an-empty-list","Create an empty list",[20,59690,59691],{},"Use empty square brackets when you want a blank list.",[41,59693,59695],{"className":43,"code":59694,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_list = []\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\n",[15,59696,59697,59705,59709,59719],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,59698,59699,59701,59703],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,59700,8387],{"class":56},[50,59702,61],{"class":60},[50,59704,7917],{"class":64},[50,59706,59707],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,59708,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,59710,59711,59713,59715,59717],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,59712,118],{"class":94},[50,59714,98],{"class":64},[50,59716,8418],{"class":101},[50,59718,105],{"class":64},[50,59720,59721,59723,59725,59727,59729,59731],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,59722,118],{"class":94},[50,59724,98],{"class":64},[50,59726,1267],{"class":94},[50,59728,98],{"class":64},[50,59730,8418],{"class":101},[50,59732,478],{"class":64},[20,59734,59735],{},[3824,59736,353],{},[41,59738,59740],{"className":43,"code":59739,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[]\n0\n",[15,59741,59742,59746],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,59743,59744],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,59745,38367],{"class":64},[50,59747,59748],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,59749,47322],{"class":68},[20,59751,59752],{},"An empty list is useful when you want to build a list step by step.",[41,59754,59756],{"className":43,"code":59755,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"names = []\n\nnames.append(\"Ana\")\nnames.append(\"Ben\")\nnames.append(\"Cara\")\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,59757,59758,59766,59770,59788,59806,59824,59828],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,59759,59760,59762,59764],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,59761,5074],{"class":56},[50,59763,61],{"class":60},[50,59765,7917],{"class":64},[50,59767,59768],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,59769,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,59771,59772,59774,59776,59778,59780,59782,59784,59786],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,59773,5118],{"class":56},[50,59775,425],{"class":64},[50,59777,13626],{"class":101},[50,59779,98],{"class":64},[50,59781,811],{"class":604},[50,59783,824],{"class":608},[50,59785,811],{"class":604},[50,59787,105],{"class":64},[50,59789,59790,59792,59794,59796,59798,59800,59802,59804],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,59791,5118],{"class":56},[50,59793,425],{"class":64},[50,59795,13626],{"class":101},[50,59797,98],{"class":64},[50,59799,811],{"class":604},[50,59801,36010],{"class":608},[50,59803,811],{"class":604},[50,59805,105],{"class":64},[50,59807,59808,59810,59812,59814,59816,59818,59820,59822],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,59809,5118],{"class":56},[50,59811,425],{"class":64},[50,59813,13626],{"class":101},[50,59815,98],{"class":64},[50,59817,811],{"class":604},[50,59819,36019],{"class":608},[50,59821,811],{"class":604},[50,59823,105],{"class":64},[50,59825,59826],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,59827,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,59829,59830,59832,59834,59836],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,59831,118],{"class":94},[50,59833,98],{"class":64},[50,59835,5118],{"class":101},[50,59837,105],{"class":64},[20,59839,59840],{},[3824,59841,353],{},[41,59843,59845],{"className":43,"code":59844,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,59846,59847],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,59848,59849,59851,59853,59855,59857,59859,59861,59863,59865,59867,59869,59871,59873],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,59850,363],{"class":64},[50,59852,611],{"class":604},[50,59854,824],{"class":608},[50,59856,611],{"class":604},[50,59858,72],{"class":64},[50,59860,605],{"class":604},[50,59862,36010],{"class":608},[50,59864,611],{"class":604},[50,59866,72],{"class":64},[50,59868,605],{"class":604},[50,59870,36019],{"class":608},[50,59872,611],{"class":604},[50,59874,83],{"class":64},[20,59876,59877,59878,425],{},"To learn more about adding items, see the ",[421,59879,59880,10816],{"href":56836},[15,59881,52722],{},[36,59883,59885,59886],{"id":59884},"create-a-list-with-list","Create a list with ",[15,59887,24849],{},[20,59889,920,59890,59892],{},[15,59891,24849],{}," to convert another iterable into a list.",[20,59894,5536],{},[158,59896,59897,59899,59901,59903],{},[161,59898,5388],{},[161,59900,5382],{},[161,59902,5385],{},[161,59904,59905],{},[15,59906,2016],{},[222,59908,59910],{"id":59909},"example-convert-a-string","Example: convert a string",[41,59912,59914],{"className":43,"code":59913,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"letters = list(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,59915,59916,59934],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,59917,59918,59920,59922,59924,59926,59928,59930,59932],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,59919,36160],{"class":56},[50,59921,61],{"class":60},[50,59923,22629],{"class":557},[50,59925,98],{"class":64},[50,59927,811],{"class":604},[50,59929,41630],{"class":608},[50,59931,811],{"class":604},[50,59933,105],{"class":64},[50,59935,59936,59938,59940,59942],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,59937,118],{"class":94},[50,59939,98],{"class":64},[50,59941,36213],{"class":101},[50,59943,105],{"class":64},[20,59945,59946],{},[3824,59947,353],{},[41,59949,59950],{"className":43,"code":42944,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,59951,59952],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,59953,59954,59956,59958,59960,59962,59964,59966,59968,59970,59972,59974,59976,59978],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,59955,363],{"class":64},[50,59957,611],{"class":604},[50,59959,421],{"class":608},[50,59961,611],{"class":604},[50,59963,72],{"class":64},[50,59965,605],{"class":604},[50,59967,4839],{"class":608},[50,59969,611],{"class":604},[50,59971,72],{"class":64},[50,59973,605],{"class":604},[50,59975,9817],{"class":608},[50,59977,611],{"class":604},[50,59979,83],{"class":64},[222,59981,59983],{"id":59982},"example-convert-a-tuple","Example: convert a tuple",[41,59985,59987],{"className":43,"code":59986,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,59988,59989,60011],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,59990,59991,59993,59995,59997,59999,60001,60003,60005,60007,60009],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,59992,57],{"class":56},[50,59994,61],{"class":60},[50,59996,22629],{"class":557},[50,59998,1820],{"class":64},[50,60000,366],{"class":68},[50,60002,72],{"class":64},[50,60004,80],{"class":68},[50,60006,72],{"class":64},[50,60008,500],{"class":68},[50,60010,478],{"class":64},[50,60012,60013,60015,60017,60019],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,60014,118],{"class":94},[50,60016,98],{"class":64},[50,60018,102],{"class":101},[50,60020,105],{"class":64},[20,60022,60023],{},[3824,60024,353],{},[41,60026,60027],{"className":43,"code":483,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,60028,60029],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,60030,60031,60033,60035,60037,60039,60041,60043],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,60032,363],{"class":64},[50,60034,366],{"class":68},[50,60036,72],{"class":64},[50,60038,80],{"class":68},[50,60040,72],{"class":64},[50,60042,500],{"class":68},[50,60044,83],{"class":64},[222,60046,60048],{"id":60047},"example-convert-a-range","Example: convert a range",[41,60050,60052],{"className":43,"code":60051,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"values = list(range(5))\nprint(values)\n",[15,60053,60054,60073],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,60055,60056,60058,60060,60062,60064,60067,60069,60071],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,60057,516],{"class":56},[50,60059,61],{"class":60},[50,60061,22629],{"class":557},[50,60063,98],{"class":64},[50,60065,60066],{"class":94},"range",[50,60068,98],{"class":64},[50,60070,290],{"class":68},[50,60072,478],{"class":64},[50,60074,60075,60077,60079,60081],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,60076,118],{"class":94},[50,60078,98],{"class":64},[50,60080,546],{"class":101},[50,60082,105],{"class":64},[20,60084,60085],{},[3824,60086,353],{},[41,60088,60090],{"className":43,"code":60089,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,60091,60092],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,60093,60094,60096,60098,60100,60102,60104,60106,60108,60110,60112,60114],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,60095,363],{"class":64},[50,60097,2220],{"class":68},[50,60099,72],{"class":64},[50,60101,75],{"class":68},[50,60103,72],{"class":64},[50,60105,80],{"class":68},[50,60107,72],{"class":64},[50,60109,500],{"class":68},[50,60111,72],{"class":64},[50,60113,2554],{"class":68},[50,60115,83],{"class":64},[20,60117,60118,60120,60121,425],{},[15,60119,24849],{}," is useful when you already have another iterable and want a list version of it. For more detail, see ",[421,60122,60124,60126],{"href":60123},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained\u002F",[15,60125,24849],{},": Function Explained",[36,60128,60130],{"id":60129},"lists-can-store-many-kinds-of-values","Lists can store many kinds of values",[20,60132,60133],{},"A list can store many types of data.",[20,60135,60136],{},"Examples include:",[158,60138,60139,60141,60143,60145,60147],{},[161,60140,5388],{},[161,60142,40493],{},[161,60144,52115],{},[161,60146,40663],{},[161,60148,60149],{},"other lists",[41,60151,60153],{"className":43,"code":60152,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = [\"Ana\", 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,60154,60155,60193,60197],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,60156,60157,60159,60161,60163,60165,60167,60169,60171,60173,60175,60177,60179,60181,60183,60185,60187,60189,60191],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,60158,9246],{"class":56},[50,60160,61],{"class":60},[50,60162,65],{"class":64},[50,60164,811],{"class":604},[50,60166,824],{"class":608},[50,60168,811],{"class":604},[50,60170,72],{"class":64},[50,60172,9384],{"class":68},[50,60174,72],{"class":64},[50,60176,3997],{"class":207},[50,60178,72],{"class":64},[50,60180,65],{"class":64},[50,60182,366],{"class":68},[50,60184,72],{"class":64},[50,60186,80],{"class":68},[50,60188,72],{"class":64},[50,60190,500],{"class":68},[50,60192,53311],{"class":64},[50,60194,60195],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,60196,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,60198,60199,60201,60203,60205],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,60200,118],{"class":94},[50,60202,98],{"class":64},[50,60204,9284],{"class":101},[50,60206,105],{"class":64},[20,60208,60209],{},[3824,60210,353],{},[41,60212,60214],{"className":43,"code":60213,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['Ana', 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,60215,60216],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,60217,60218,60220,60222,60224,60226,60228,60230,60232,60234,60236,60238,60240,60242,60244,60246,60248],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,60219,363],{"class":64},[50,60221,611],{"class":604},[50,60223,824],{"class":608},[50,60225,611],{"class":604},[50,60227,72],{"class":64},[50,60229,9384],{"class":68},[50,60231,72],{"class":64},[50,60233,3997],{"class":207},[50,60235,72],{"class":64},[50,60237,65],{"class":64},[50,60239,366],{"class":68},[50,60241,72],{"class":64},[50,60243,80],{"class":68},[50,60245,72],{"class":64},[50,60247,500],{"class":68},[50,60249,53311],{"class":64},[20,60251,60252,60253,425],{},"The last item in this example is another list. This is called a ",[3824,60254,60255],{},"nested list",[20,60257,60258],{},"Python allows mixed types in one list, but beginners should usually keep list data consistent when possible. That makes code easier to read and work with.",[36,60260,4598],{"id":4597},[20,60262,60263],{},"Here are some common problems when creating lists.",[222,60265,60267],{"id":60266},"forgetting-commas-between-items","Forgetting commas between items",[20,60269,60270],{},"This causes a syntax error.",[41,60272,60274],{"className":43,"code":60273,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"# Wrong\nnumbers = [1 2 3]\n",[15,60275,60276,60280],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,60277,60278],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,60279,4615],{"class":129},[50,60281,60282,60284,60286,60288,60290,60292,60294],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,60283,57],{"class":56},[50,60285,61],{"class":60},[50,60287,65],{"class":64},[50,60289,366],{"class":68},[50,60291,80],{"class":68},[50,60293,500],{"class":68},[50,60295,83],{"class":64},[20,60297,10883],{},[41,60299,60301],{"className":43,"code":60300,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,60302,60303],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,60304,60305,60307,60309,60311,60313,60315,60317,60319,60321],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,60306,57],{"class":56},[50,60308,61],{"class":60},[50,60310,65],{"class":64},[50,60312,366],{"class":68},[50,60314,72],{"class":64},[50,60316,80],{"class":68},[50,60318,72],{"class":64},[50,60320,500],{"class":68},[50,60322,83],{"class":64},[222,60324,914,60326,1940,60328],{"id":60325},"using-instead-of",[15,60327,7445],{},[15,60329,3868],{},[20,60331,60332],{},"Parentheses usually create a tuple, not a list.",[41,60334,60336],{"className":43,"code":60335,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_values = (1, 2, 3)\n\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,60337,60338,60359,60363],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,60339,60340,60343,60345,60347,60349,60351,60353,60355,60357],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,60341,60342],{"class":56},"my_values ",[50,60344,61],{"class":60},[50,60346,521],{"class":64},[50,60348,366],{"class":68},[50,60350,72],{"class":64},[50,60352,80],{"class":68},[50,60354,72],{"class":64},[50,60356,500],{"class":68},[50,60358,105],{"class":64},[50,60360,60361],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,60362,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,60364,60365,60367,60369,60371,60373,60375],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,60366,118],{"class":94},[50,60368,98],{"class":64},[50,60370,558],{"class":557},[50,60372,98],{"class":64},[50,60374,265],{"class":101},[50,60376,478],{"class":64},[20,60378,60379],{},[3824,60380,353],{},[41,60382,60384],{"className":43,"code":60383,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,60385,60386],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,60387,60388,60390,60392,60394,60396,60398],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,60389,597],{"class":60},[50,60391,601],{"class":600},[50,60393,605],{"class":604},[50,60395,505],{"class":608},[50,60397,611],{"class":604},[50,60399,614],{"class":60},[20,60401,60402],{},"If you want a list, use square brackets:",[41,60404,60406],{"className":43,"code":60405,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,60407,60408,60428],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,60409,60410,60412,60414,60416,60418,60420,60422,60424,60426],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,60411,60342],{"class":56},[50,60413,61],{"class":60},[50,60415,65],{"class":64},[50,60417,366],{"class":68},[50,60419,72],{"class":64},[50,60421,80],{"class":68},[50,60423,72],{"class":64},[50,60425,500],{"class":68},[50,60427,83],{"class":64},[50,60429,60430,60432,60434,60436,60438,60440],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,60431,118],{"class":94},[50,60433,98],{"class":64},[50,60435,558],{"class":557},[50,60437,98],{"class":64},[50,60439,265],{"class":101},[50,60441,478],{"class":64},[222,60443,8532,60445,60448],{"id":60444},"expecting-listhello-world-to-create-a-list-of-words",[15,60446,60447],{},"list(\"hello world\")"," to create a list of words",[20,60450,60451,60453],{},[15,60452,24849],{}," splits a string into individual characters, not words.",[41,60455,60457],{"className":43,"code":60456,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"result = list(\"hello world\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,60458,60459,60478],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,60460,60461,60463,60465,60467,60469,60471,60474,60476],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,60462,89],{"class":56},[50,60464,61],{"class":60},[50,60466,22629],{"class":557},[50,60468,98],{"class":64},[50,60470,811],{"class":604},[50,60472,60473],{"class":608},"hello world",[50,60475,811],{"class":604},[50,60477,105],{"class":64},[50,60479,60480,60482,60484,60486],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,60481,118],{"class":94},[50,60483,98],{"class":64},[50,60485,123],{"class":101},[50,60487,105],{"class":64},[20,60489,60490],{},[3824,60491,353],{},[41,60493,60495],{"className":43,"code":60494,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,60496,60497],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,60498,60499,60501,60503,60505,60507,60509,60511,60514,60516,60518,60520,60523,60525,60527,60529,60531,60533,60535,60537,60539,60541,60543,60545,60547,60549,60551,60554,60556,60558,60560,60562,60564,60566,60568,60571,60573,60575,60577,60579,60581,60583,60585,60587,60589],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,60500,363],{"class":64},[50,60502,611],{"class":604},[50,60504,736],{"class":608},[50,60506,611],{"class":604},[50,60508,72],{"class":64},[50,60510,605],{"class":604},[50,60512,60513],{"class":608},"e",[50,60515,611],{"class":604},[50,60517,72],{"class":64},[50,60519,605],{"class":604},[50,60521,60522],{"class":608},"l",[50,60524,611],{"class":604},[50,60526,72],{"class":64},[50,60528,605],{"class":604},[50,60530,60522],{"class":608},[50,60532,611],{"class":604},[50,60534,72],{"class":64},[50,60536,605],{"class":604},[50,60538,754],{"class":608},[50,60540,611],{"class":604},[50,60542,72],{"class":64},[50,60544,605],{"class":604},[50,60546,605],{"class":604},[50,60548,72],{"class":64},[50,60550,605],{"class":604},[50,60552,60553],{"class":608},"w",[50,60555,611],{"class":604},[50,60557,72],{"class":64},[50,60559,605],{"class":604},[50,60561,754],{"class":608},[50,60563,611],{"class":604},[50,60565,72],{"class":64},[50,60567,605],{"class":604},[50,60569,60570],{"class":608},"r",[50,60572,611],{"class":604},[50,60574,72],{"class":64},[50,60576,605],{"class":604},[50,60578,60522],{"class":608},[50,60580,611],{"class":604},[50,60582,72],{"class":64},[50,60584,605],{"class":604},[50,60586,18837],{"class":608},[50,60588,611],{"class":604},[50,60590,83],{"class":64},[20,60592,60593,60594,60597],{},"If you want words, use ",[15,60595,60596],{},"split()"," instead:",[41,60599,60601],{"className":43,"code":60600,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = \"hello world\".split()\nprint(words)\n",[15,60602,60603,60621],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,60604,60605,60607,60609,60611,60613,60615,60617,60619],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,60606,1040],{"class":56},[50,60608,61],{"class":60},[50,60610,700],{"class":604},[50,60612,60473],{"class":608},[50,60614,811],{"class":604},[50,60616,425],{"class":64},[50,60618,34540],{"class":101},[50,60620,8722],{"class":64},[50,60622,60623,60625,60627,60629],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,60624,118],{"class":94},[50,60626,98],{"class":64},[50,60628,1088],{"class":101},[50,60630,105],{"class":64},[20,60632,60633],{},[3824,60634,353],{},[41,60636,60638],{"className":43,"code":60637,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['hello', 'world']\n",[15,60639,60640],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,60641,60642,60644,60646,60648,60650,60652,60654,60657,60659],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,60643,363],{"class":64},[50,60645,611],{"class":604},[50,60647,3926],{"class":608},[50,60649,611],{"class":604},[50,60651,72],{"class":64},[50,60653,605],{"class":604},[50,60655,60656],{"class":608},"world",[50,60658,611],{"class":604},[50,60660,83],{"class":64},[222,60662,60664],{"id":60663},"adding-mismatched-brackets-or-quotes","Adding mismatched brackets or quotes",[20,60666,60667],{},"This causes syntax errors.",[41,60669,60671],{"className":43,"code":60670,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"# Wrong\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben', \"Cara\"]\n",[15,60672,60673,60677],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,60674,60675],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,60676,4615],{"class":129},[50,60678,60679,60681,60683,60685,60687,60689,60691,60693,60695,60698,60700,60702,60704],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,60680,5074],{"class":56},[50,60682,61],{"class":60},[50,60684,65],{"class":64},[50,60686,811],{"class":604},[50,60688,824],{"class":608},[50,60690,811],{"class":604},[50,60692,72],{"class":64},[50,60694,700],{"class":604},[50,60696,60697],{"class":608},"Ben', ",[50,60699,811],{"class":604},[50,60701,36019],{"class":56},[50,60703,811],{"class":604},[50,60705,83],{"class":608},[20,60707,60708],{},"Make sure your quotes and brackets match correctly:",[41,60710,60712],{"className":43,"code":60711,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n",[15,60713,60714],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,60715,60716,60718,60720,60722,60724,60726,60728,60730,60732,60734,60736,60738,60740,60742,60744],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,60717,5074],{"class":56},[50,60719,61],{"class":60},[50,60721,65],{"class":64},[50,60723,811],{"class":604},[50,60725,824],{"class":608},[50,60727,811],{"class":604},[50,60729,72],{"class":64},[50,60731,700],{"class":604},[50,60733,36010],{"class":608},[50,60735,811],{"class":604},[50,60737,72],{"class":64},[50,60739,700],{"class":604},[50,60741,36019],{"class":608},[50,60743,811],{"class":604},[50,60745,83],{"class":64},[222,60747,60749],{"id":60748},"common-causes-to-check","Common causes to check",[20,60751,60752],{},"If your list code is not working, check for these issues:",[158,60754,60755,60758,60761,60766],{},[161,60756,60757],{},"Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[161,60759,60760],{},"Leaving out commas between list items",[161,60762,60763,60764],{},"Passing a non-iterable value to ",[15,60765,24849],{},[161,60767,8532,60768,60771],{},[15,60769,60770],{},"list(\"abc\")"," to return one string item instead of separate characters",[222,60773,60775],{"id":60774},"useful-debugging-checks","Useful debugging checks",[41,60777,60779],{"className":43,"code":60778,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(list(range(5)))\n",[15,60780,60781,60791,60805,60819],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,60782,60783,60785,60787,60789],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,60784,118],{"class":94},[50,60786,98],{"class":64},[50,60788,8418],{"class":101},[50,60790,105],{"class":64},[50,60792,60793,60795,60797,60799,60801,60803],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,60794,118],{"class":94},[50,60796,98],{"class":64},[50,60798,558],{"class":557},[50,60800,98],{"class":64},[50,60802,8418],{"class":101},[50,60804,478],{"class":64},[50,60806,60807,60809,60811,60813,60815,60817],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,60808,118],{"class":94},[50,60810,98],{"class":64},[50,60812,1267],{"class":94},[50,60814,98],{"class":64},[50,60816,8418],{"class":101},[50,60818,478],{"class":64},[50,60820,60821,60823,60825,60827,60829,60831,60833,60835],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,60822,118],{"class":94},[50,60824,98],{"class":64},[50,60826,437],{"class":557},[50,60828,98],{"class":64},[50,60830,60066],{"class":94},[50,60832,98],{"class":64},[50,60834,290],{"class":68},[50,60836,569],{"class":64},[20,60838,26077],{},[158,60840,60841,60844,60847,60850],{},[161,60842,60843],{},"what the list contains",[161,60845,60846],{},"whether the value is really a list",[161,60848,60849],{},"how many items it has",[161,60851,26088,60852,60854,60855],{},[15,60853,24849],{}," does with ",[15,60856,2016],{},[36,60858,60860],{"id":60859},"when-to-use-this-page-vs-related-pages","When to use this page vs related pages",[20,60862,60863],{},"Use this page when you want to learn how to create a list.",[20,60865,60866],{},"Use related pages for the next step:",[158,60868,60869,60884,60889],{},[161,60870,920,60871,31,60875,17144,60879,60883],{},[421,60872,60873],{"href":56836},[15,60874,52722],{},[421,60876,60877],{"href":53413},[15,60878,53515],{},[421,60880,60881],{"href":53977},[15,60882,54337],{}," to add items later",[161,60885,920,60886,60888],{},[421,60887,59463],{"href":1908}," for a broader introduction",[161,60890,920,60891,60895],{},[421,60892,60893,60126],{"href":60123},[15,60894,24849],{}," for more detail about converting values into lists",[36,60897,1913],{"id":1912},[222,60899,60901],{"id":60900},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-list-in-python","How do I create an empty list in Python?",[20,60903,60904],{},"Use empty square brackets:",[41,60906,60907],{"className":43,"code":38367,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,60908,60909],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,60910,60911],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,60912,38367],{"class":64},[222,60914,60916],{"id":60915},"what-is-the-most-common-way-to-create-a-list","What is the most common way to create a list?",[20,60918,60919],{},"Use square brackets with comma-separated items, such as:",[41,60921,60922],{"className":43,"code":483,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,60923,60924],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,60925,60926,60928,60930,60932,60934,60936,60938],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,60927,363],{"class":64},[50,60929,366],{"class":68},[50,60931,72],{"class":64},[50,60933,80],{"class":68},[50,60935,72],{"class":64},[50,60937,500],{"class":68},[50,60939,83],{"class":64},[222,60941,1927,60943,60945],{"id":60942},"what-does-list-do-in-python",[15,60944,24849],{}," do in Python?",[20,60947,60948,60949,60951],{},"It converts another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,60950,2016],{},", into a list.",[222,60953,60955],{"id":60954},"can-a-python-list-store-different-data-types","Can a Python list store different data types?",[20,60957,60958],{},"Yes. A list can store mixed types like strings, numbers, and booleans.",[222,60960,5258,60962,4472,60964,1943],{"id":60961},"what-is-the-difference-between-and",[15,60963,3868],{},[15,60965,7445],{},[20,60967,60968,60970,60971,60973],{},[15,60969,3868],{}," creates a list. ",[15,60972,7445],{}," usually creates a tuple.",[36,60975,1975],{"id":1974},[158,60977,60978,60982,60988,60994,61000,61006,61010],{},[161,60979,60980],{},[421,60981,59463],{"href":1908},[161,60983,60984],{},[421,60985,55588,60986,11397],{"href":56836},[15,60987,52722],{},[161,60989,60990],{},[421,60991,55588,60992,11397],{"href":53413},[15,60993,53515],{},[161,60995,60996],{},[421,60997,55588,60998,11397],{"href":53977},[15,60999,54337],{},[161,61001,61002],{},[421,61003,13,61004,18],{"href":60123},[15,61005,24849],{},[161,61007,61008],{},[421,61009,59466],{"href":58561},[161,61011,61012],{},[421,61013,61014],{"href":12139},"Mutability in Python Explained",[20,61016,61017,61018,61020],{},"Next step: learn how to add, access, and change list items using ",[15,61019,52722],{},", indexing, and slicing.",[2018,61022,61023],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":61025},[61026,61027,61028,61029,61032,61033,61039,61040,61050,61051,61060],{"id":38,"depth":86,"text":39},{"id":15234,"depth":86,"text":15235},{"id":59358,"depth":86,"text":59359},{"id":59469,"depth":86,"text":59470,"children":61030},[61031],{"id":59671,"depth":108,"text":59672},{"id":59687,"depth":86,"text":59688},{"id":59884,"depth":86,"text":61034,"children":61035},"Create a list with list()",[61036,61037,61038],{"id":59909,"depth":108,"text":59910},{"id":59982,"depth":108,"text":59983},{"id":60047,"depth":108,"text":60048},{"id":60129,"depth":86,"text":60130},{"id":4597,"depth":86,"text":4598,"children":61041},[61042,61043,61045,61047,61048,61049],{"id":60266,"depth":108,"text":60267},{"id":60325,"depth":108,"text":61044},"Using () instead of []",{"id":60444,"depth":108,"text":61046},"Expecting list(\"hello world\") to create a list of words",{"id":60663,"depth":108,"text":60664},{"id":60748,"depth":108,"text":60749},{"id":60774,"depth":108,"text":60775},{"id":60859,"depth":86,"text":60860},{"id":1912,"depth":86,"text":1913,"children":61052},[61053,61054,61055,61057,61058],{"id":60900,"depth":108,"text":60901},{"id":60915,"depth":108,"text":60916},{"id":60942,"depth":108,"text":61056},"What does list() do in Python?",{"id":60954,"depth":108,"text":60955},{"id":60961,"depth":108,"text":61059},"What is the difference between [] and ()?",{"id":1974,"depth":86,"text":1975},"Master python list creating a list in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list",{"title":59100,"description":61061},"reference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list","qsr8XW8AjVDmPmBKxRn9AxuodoiKbvD3OgKNyhirhog",{"id":61068,"title":61069,"body":61070,"description":62810,"extension":2064,"meta":62811,"navigation":111,"path":62812,"seo":62813,"stem":62814,"__hash__":62815},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method.md","Python List extend() Method",{"type":7,"value":61071,"toc":62765},[61072,61077,61082,61085,61087,61158,61163,61168,61172,61186,61191,61193,61213,61218,61221,61243,61247,61252,61344,61346,61368,61374,61380,61387,61394,61400,61457,61463,61521,61523,61535,61543,61549,61554,61558,61615,61618,61622,61681,61684,61688,61746,61758,61762,61815,61818,61822,61828,61834,61896,61899,61960,61963,62019,62024,62026,62030,62037,62098,62103,62112,62168,62175,62179,62237,62246,62304,62308,62343,62347,62357,62360,62415,62429,62432,62547,62552,62556,62567,62569,62648,62658,62660,62665,62670,62677,62685,62691,62694,62700,62703,62709,62715,62717,62753,62762],[10,61073,54411,61075,11397],{"id":61074},"python-list-extend-method",[15,61076,53515],{},[20,61078,61079,61081],{},[15,61080,53416],{}," adds items from another iterable to the end of a list.",[20,61083,61084],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it updates the same list instead of creating a new one. This method is useful when you want to add multiple values at once.",[36,61086,2105],{"id":2104},[41,61088,61090],{"className":43,"code":61089,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2]\nmore_numbers = [3, 4]\n\nnumbers.extend(more_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61091,61092,61108,61125,61129,61144,61154],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,61093,61094,61096,61098,61100,61102,61104,61106],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,61095,57],{"class":56},[50,61097,61],{"class":60},[50,61099,65],{"class":64},[50,61101,366],{"class":68},[50,61103,72],{"class":64},[50,61105,80],{"class":68},[50,61107,83],{"class":64},[50,61109,61110,61113,61115,61117,61119,61121,61123],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,61111,61112],{"class":56},"more_numbers ",[50,61114,61],{"class":60},[50,61116,65],{"class":64},[50,61118,69],{"class":68},[50,61120,72],{"class":64},[50,61122,2554],{"class":68},[50,61124,83],{"class":64},[50,61126,61127],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,61128,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,61130,61131,61133,61135,61137,61139,61142],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,61132,102],{"class":56},[50,61134,425],{"class":64},[50,61136,53545],{"class":101},[50,61138,98],{"class":64},[50,61140,61141],{"class":101},"more_numbers",[50,61143,105],{"class":64},[50,61145,61146,61148,61150,61152],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,61147,118],{"class":94},[50,61149,98],{"class":64},[50,61151,102],{"class":101},[50,61153,105],{"class":64},[50,61155,61156],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,61157,52793],{"class":129},[20,61159,920,61160,61162],{},[15,61161,53515],{}," when you want to add each item from another iterable into the same list.",[36,61164,153,61166,156],{"id":61165},"what-listextend-does",[15,61167,53416],{},[20,61169,61170,819],{},[15,61171,53515],{},[158,61173,61174,61177,61179,61182],{},[161,61175,61176],{},"Adds items from another iterable to the end of a list",[161,61178,54497],{},[161,61180,61181],{},"Does not create a new list",[161,61183,11499,61184],{},[15,61185,208],{},[20,61187,61188,61189,53870],{},"This is an important point: ",[15,61190,53515],{},[36,61192,181],{"id":180},[41,61194,61196],{"className":43,"code":61195,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"list_name.extend(iterable)\n",[15,61197,61198],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,61199,61200,61203,61205,61207,61209,61211],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,61201,61202],{"class":56},"list_name",[50,61204,425],{"class":64},[50,61206,53545],{"class":101},[50,61208,98],{"class":64},[50,61210,196],{"class":101},[50,61212,105],{"class":64},[20,61214,5531,61215,61217],{},[3824,61216,196],{},". An iterable is something Python can loop through one item at a time.",[20,61219,61220],{},"Common iterables include:",[158,61222,61223,61227,61231,61235,61239],{},[161,61224,61225],{},[15,61226,437],{},[161,61228,61229],{},[15,61230,505],{},[161,61232,61233],{},[15,61234,617],{},[161,61236,61237],{},[15,61238,684],{},[161,61240,61241],{},[15,61242,60066],{},[36,61244,61246],{"id":61245},"simple-example-with-another-list","Simple example with another list",[20,61248,61249,61250,819],{},"Here is the most common use of ",[15,61251,53515],{},[41,61253,61255],{"className":43,"code":61254,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nmore_fruits = [\"orange\", \"grape\"]\n\nfruits.extend(more_fruits)\n\nprint(fruits)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,61256,61257,61281,61306,61310,61325,61329,61339],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,61258,61259,61261,61263,61265,61267,61269,61271,61273,61275,61277,61279],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,61260,36307],{"class":56},[50,61262,61],{"class":60},[50,61264,65],{"class":64},[50,61266,811],{"class":604},[50,61268,1049],{"class":608},[50,61270,811],{"class":604},[50,61272,72],{"class":64},[50,61274,700],{"class":604},[50,61276,1058],{"class":608},[50,61278,811],{"class":604},[50,61280,83],{"class":64},[50,61282,61283,61286,61288,61290,61292,61294,61296,61298,61300,61302,61304],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,61284,61285],{"class":56},"more_fruits ",[50,61287,61],{"class":60},[50,61289,65],{"class":64},[50,61291,811],{"class":604},[50,61293,33291],{"class":608},[50,61295,811],{"class":604},[50,61297,72],{"class":64},[50,61299,700],{"class":604},[50,61301,22602],{"class":608},[50,61303,811],{"class":604},[50,61305,83],{"class":64},[50,61307,61308],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,61309,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,61311,61312,61314,61316,61318,61320,61323],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,61313,36359],{"class":56},[50,61315,425],{"class":64},[50,61317,53545],{"class":101},[50,61319,98],{"class":64},[50,61321,61322],{"class":101},"more_fruits",[50,61324,105],{"class":64},[50,61326,61327],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,61328,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,61330,61331,61333,61335,61337],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,61332,118],{"class":94},[50,61334,98],{"class":64},[50,61336,36359],{"class":101},[50,61338,105],{"class":64},[50,61340,61341],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,61342,61343],{"class":129},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[20,61345,11758],{},[158,61347,61348,61353,61358],{},[161,61349,61350,61352],{},[15,61351,36359],{}," starts with two items",[161,61354,61355,61357],{},[15,61356,61322],{}," has two more items",[161,61359,61360,61362,61363,61365,61366],{},[15,61361,53515],{}," adds each item from ",[15,61364,61322],{}," to ",[15,61367,36359],{},[20,61369,61370,61371,61373],{},"After the method runs, ",[15,61372,36359],{}," contains all four items.",[20,61375,54636,61376,4472,61378,425],{},[421,61377,1909],{"href":1908},[421,61379,57222],{"href":57221},[36,61381,61383,1467,61385],{"id":61382},"extend-vs-append",[15,61384,53515],{},[15,61386,52722],{},[20,61388,61389,4472,61391,61393],{},[15,61390,53515],{},[15,61392,52722],{}," are often confused.",[222,61395,61397,61399],{"id":61396},"extend-adds-each-item-from-the-iterable",[15,61398,53515],{}," adds each item from the iterable",[41,61401,61403],{"className":43,"code":61402,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61404,61405,61421,61439,61443,61453],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,61406,61407,61409,61411,61413,61415,61417,61419],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,61408,57],{"class":56},[50,61410,61],{"class":60},[50,61412,65],{"class":64},[50,61414,366],{"class":68},[50,61416,72],{"class":64},[50,61418,80],{"class":68},[50,61420,83],{"class":64},[50,61422,61423,61425,61427,61429,61431,61433,61435,61437],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,61424,102],{"class":56},[50,61426,425],{"class":64},[50,61428,53545],{"class":101},[50,61430,1792],{"class":64},[50,61432,69],{"class":68},[50,61434,72],{"class":64},[50,61436,2554],{"class":68},[50,61438,3970],{"class":64},[50,61440,61441],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,61442,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,61444,61445,61447,61449,61451],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,61446,118],{"class":94},[50,61448,98],{"class":64},[50,61450,102],{"class":101},[50,61452,105],{"class":64},[50,61454,61455],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,61456,52793],{"class":129},[222,61458,61460,61462],{"id":61459},"append-adds-the-whole-object-as-one-item",[15,61461,52722],{}," adds the whole object as one item",[41,61464,61466],{"className":43,"code":61465,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,61467,61468,61484,61502,61506,61516],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,61469,61470,61472,61474,61476,61478,61480,61482],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,61471,57],{"class":56},[50,61473,61],{"class":60},[50,61475,65],{"class":64},[50,61477,366],{"class":68},[50,61479,72],{"class":64},[50,61481,80],{"class":68},[50,61483,83],{"class":64},[50,61485,61486,61488,61490,61492,61494,61496,61498,61500],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,61487,102],{"class":56},[50,61489,425],{"class":64},[50,61491,13626],{"class":101},[50,61493,1792],{"class":64},[50,61495,69],{"class":68},[50,61497,72],{"class":64},[50,61499,2554],{"class":68},[50,61501,3970],{"class":64},[50,61503,61504],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,61505,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,61507,61508,61510,61512,61514],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,61509,118],{"class":94},[50,61511,98],{"class":64},[50,61513,102],{"class":101},[50,61515,105],{"class":64},[50,61517,61518],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,61519,61520],{"class":129},"# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[20,61522,18764],{},[158,61524,61525,61530],{},[161,61526,61527,61529],{},[15,61528,53515],{}," to combine values",[161,61531,61532,61534],{},[15,61533,52722],{}," to add one item",[20,61536,42163,61537,4472,61541,425],{},[421,61538,55588,61539,10816],{"href":56836},[15,61540,52722],{},[421,61542,53118],{"href":53117},[36,61544,914,61546,61548],{"id":61545},"using-extend-with-different-iterables",[15,61547,53515],{}," with different iterables",[20,61550,61551,61553],{},[15,61552,53515],{}," works with more than just lists.",[222,61555,61557],{"id":61556},"extend-with-a-tuple","Extend with a tuple",[41,61559,61561],{"className":43,"code":61560,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"values = [1, 2]\nvalues.extend((3, 4))\n\nprint(values)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61562,61563,61579,61597,61601,61611],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,61564,61565,61567,61569,61571,61573,61575,61577],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,61566,516],{"class":56},[50,61568,61],{"class":60},[50,61570,65],{"class":64},[50,61572,366],{"class":68},[50,61574,72],{"class":64},[50,61576,80],{"class":68},[50,61578,83],{"class":64},[50,61580,61581,61583,61585,61587,61589,61591,61593,61595],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,61582,546],{"class":56},[50,61584,425],{"class":64},[50,61586,53545],{"class":101},[50,61588,1820],{"class":64},[50,61590,69],{"class":68},[50,61592,72],{"class":64},[50,61594,2554],{"class":68},[50,61596,478],{"class":64},[50,61598,61599],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,61600,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,61602,61603,61605,61607,61609],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,61604,118],{"class":94},[50,61606,98],{"class":64},[50,61608,546],{"class":101},[50,61610,105],{"class":64},[50,61612,61613],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,61614,52793],{"class":129},[20,61616,61617],{},"Each tuple item is added to the list.",[222,61619,61621],{"id":61620},"extend-with-a-string","Extend with a string",[41,61623,61625],{"className":43,"code":61624,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"letters = [\"a\"]\nletters.extend(\"bc\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,61626,61627,61643,61662,61666,61676],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,61628,61629,61631,61633,61635,61637,61639,61641],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,61630,36160],{"class":56},[50,61632,61],{"class":60},[50,61634,65],{"class":64},[50,61636,811],{"class":604},[50,61638,421],{"class":608},[50,61640,811],{"class":604},[50,61642,83],{"class":64},[50,61644,61645,61647,61649,61651,61653,61655,61658,61660],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,61646,36213],{"class":56},[50,61648,425],{"class":64},[50,61650,53545],{"class":101},[50,61652,98],{"class":64},[50,61654,811],{"class":604},[50,61656,61657],{"class":608},"bc",[50,61659,811],{"class":604},[50,61661,105],{"class":64},[50,61663,61664],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,61665,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,61667,61668,61670,61672,61674],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,61669,118],{"class":94},[50,61671,98],{"class":64},[50,61673,36213],{"class":101},[50,61675,105],{"class":64},[50,61677,61678],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,61679,61680],{"class":129},"# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[20,61682,61683],{},"A string is iterable, so each character is added separately.",[222,61685,61687],{"id":61686},"extend-with-a-range","Extend with a range",[41,61689,61691],{"className":43,"code":61690,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [0]\nnumbers.extend(range(1, 4))\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,61692,61693,61705,61727,61731,61741],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,61694,61695,61697,61699,61701,61703],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,61696,57],{"class":56},[50,61698,61],{"class":60},[50,61700,65],{"class":64},[50,61702,2220],{"class":68},[50,61704,83],{"class":64},[50,61706,61707,61709,61711,61713,61715,61717,61719,61721,61723,61725],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,61708,102],{"class":56},[50,61710,425],{"class":64},[50,61712,53545],{"class":101},[50,61714,98],{"class":64},[50,61716,60066],{"class":94},[50,61718,98],{"class":64},[50,61720,366],{"class":68},[50,61722,72],{"class":64},[50,61724,2554],{"class":68},[50,61726,478],{"class":64},[50,61728,61729],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,61730,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,61732,61733,61735,61737,61739],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,61734,118],{"class":94},[50,61736,98],{"class":64},[50,61738,102],{"class":101},[50,61740,105],{"class":64},[50,61742,61743],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,61744,61745],{"class":129},"# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[20,61747,61748,61751,61752,31,61754,17144,61756,425],{},[15,61749,61750],{},"range(1, 4)"," produces ",[15,61753,366],{},[15,61755,1564],{},[15,61757,69],{},[222,61759,61761],{"id":61760},"extend-with-a-set","Extend with a set",[41,61763,61765],{"className":43,"code":61764,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [1, 2]\nitems.extend({3, 4})\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,61766,61767,61783,61801,61805],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,61768,61769,61771,61773,61775,61777,61779,61781],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,61770,7859],{"class":56},[50,61772,61],{"class":60},[50,61774,65],{"class":64},[50,61776,366],{"class":68},[50,61778,72],{"class":64},[50,61780,80],{"class":68},[50,61782,83],{"class":64},[50,61784,61785,61787,61789,61791,61793,61795,61797,61799],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,61786,7888],{"class":56},[50,61788,425],{"class":64},[50,61790,53545],{"class":101},[50,61792,5607],{"class":64},[50,61794,69],{"class":68},[50,61796,72],{"class":64},[50,61798,2554],{"class":68},[50,61800,30565],{"class":64},[50,61802,61803],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,61804,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,61806,61807,61809,61811,61813],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,61808,118],{"class":94},[50,61810,98],{"class":64},[50,61812,7888],{"class":101},[50,61814,105],{"class":64},[20,61816,61817],{},"A set works too, but the order may not be predictable.",[36,61819,61821],{"id":61820},"important-return-value-rule","Important return value rule",[20,61823,61824,2494,61826,425],{},[15,61825,53515],{},[15,61827,208],{},[20,61829,61830,61831,819],{},"That means this is ",[3824,61832,61833],{},"wrong",[41,61835,61837],{"className":43,"code":61836,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2]\nresult = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,61838,61839,61855,61877,61881,61891],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,61840,61841,61843,61845,61847,61849,61851,61853],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,61842,57],{"class":56},[50,61844,61],{"class":60},[50,61846,65],{"class":64},[50,61848,366],{"class":68},[50,61850,72],{"class":64},[50,61852,80],{"class":68},[50,61854,83],{"class":64},[50,61856,61857,61859,61861,61863,61865,61867,61869,61871,61873,61875],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,61858,89],{"class":56},[50,61860,61],{"class":60},[50,61862,4341],{"class":56},[50,61864,425],{"class":64},[50,61866,53545],{"class":101},[50,61868,1792],{"class":64},[50,61870,69],{"class":68},[50,61872,72],{"class":64},[50,61874,2554],{"class":68},[50,61876,3970],{"class":64},[50,61878,61879],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,61880,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,61882,61883,61885,61887,61889],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,61884,118],{"class":94},[50,61886,98],{"class":64},[50,61888,123],{"class":101},[50,61890,105],{"class":64},[50,61892,61893],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,61894,61895],{"class":129},"# None\n",[20,61897,61898],{},"And this is also a common mistake:",[41,61900,61902],{"className":43,"code":61901,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# None\n",[15,61903,61904,61920,61942,61946,61956],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,61905,61906,61908,61910,61912,61914,61916,61918],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,61907,57],{"class":56},[50,61909,61],{"class":60},[50,61911,65],{"class":64},[50,61913,366],{"class":68},[50,61915,72],{"class":64},[50,61917,80],{"class":68},[50,61919,83],{"class":64},[50,61921,61922,61924,61926,61928,61930,61932,61934,61936,61938,61940],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,61923,57],{"class":56},[50,61925,61],{"class":60},[50,61927,4341],{"class":56},[50,61929,425],{"class":64},[50,61931,53545],{"class":101},[50,61933,1792],{"class":64},[50,61935,69],{"class":68},[50,61937,72],{"class":64},[50,61939,2554],{"class":68},[50,61941,3970],{"class":64},[50,61943,61944],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,61945,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,61947,61948,61950,61952,61954],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,61949,118],{"class":94},[50,61951,98],{"class":64},[50,61953,102],{"class":101},[50,61955,105],{"class":64},[50,61957,61958],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,61959,61895],{"class":129},[20,61961,61962],{},"The correct way is:",[41,61964,61965],{"className":43,"code":61402,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,61966,61967,61983,62001,62005,62015],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,61968,61969,61971,61973,61975,61977,61979,61981],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,61970,57],{"class":56},[50,61972,61],{"class":60},[50,61974,65],{"class":64},[50,61976,366],{"class":68},[50,61978,72],{"class":64},[50,61980,80],{"class":68},[50,61982,83],{"class":64},[50,61984,61985,61987,61989,61991,61993,61995,61997,61999],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,61986,102],{"class":56},[50,61988,425],{"class":64},[50,61990,53545],{"class":101},[50,61992,1792],{"class":64},[50,61994,69],{"class":68},[50,61996,72],{"class":64},[50,61998,2554],{"class":68},[50,62000,3970],{"class":64},[50,62002,62003],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,62004,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,62006,62007,62009,62011,62013],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,62008,118],{"class":94},[50,62010,98],{"class":64},[50,62012,102],{"class":101},[50,62014,105],{"class":64},[50,62016,62017],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,62018,52793],{"class":129},[20,62020,55976,62021,62023],{},[15,62022,53515],{}," first, then use the original list.",[36,62025,4598],{"id":4597},[20,62027,14806,62028,425],{},[15,62029,53515],{},[222,62031,62033,62034,62036],{"id":62032},"_1-expecting-extend-to-return-a-new-list","1. Expecting ",[15,62035,53515],{}," to return a new list",[41,62038,62040],{"className":43,"code":62039,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnew_numbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n# None\n",[15,62041,62042,62058,62080,62084,62094],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,62043,62044,62046,62048,62050,62052,62054,62056],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,62045,57],{"class":56},[50,62047,61],{"class":60},[50,62049,65],{"class":64},[50,62051,366],{"class":68},[50,62053,72],{"class":64},[50,62055,80],{"class":68},[50,62057,83],{"class":64},[50,62059,62060,62062,62064,62066,62068,62070,62072,62074,62076,62078],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,62061,55710],{"class":56},[50,62063,61],{"class":60},[50,62065,4341],{"class":56},[50,62067,425],{"class":64},[50,62069,53545],{"class":101},[50,62071,1792],{"class":64},[50,62073,69],{"class":68},[50,62075,72],{"class":64},[50,62077,2554],{"class":68},[50,62079,3970],{"class":64},[50,62081,62082],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,62083,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,62085,62086,62088,62090,62092],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,62087,118],{"class":94},[50,62089,98],{"class":64},[50,62091,55729],{"class":101},[50,62093,105],{"class":64},[50,62095,62096],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,62097,61895],{"class":129},[20,62099,62100,62101,425],{},"Fix: use the original list after calling ",[15,62102,53515],{},[222,62104,62106,62107,44699,62109,62111],{"id":62105},"_2-using-append-when-extend-is-needed","2. Using ",[15,62108,52722],{},[15,62110,53515],{}," is needed",[41,62113,62114],{"className":43,"code":61465,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,62115,62116,62132,62150,62154,62164],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,62117,62118,62120,62122,62124,62126,62128,62130],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,62119,57],{"class":56},[50,62121,61],{"class":60},[50,62123,65],{"class":64},[50,62125,366],{"class":68},[50,62127,72],{"class":64},[50,62129,80],{"class":68},[50,62131,83],{"class":64},[50,62133,62134,62136,62138,62140,62142,62144,62146,62148],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,62135,102],{"class":56},[50,62137,425],{"class":64},[50,62139,13626],{"class":101},[50,62141,1792],{"class":64},[50,62143,69],{"class":68},[50,62145,72],{"class":64},[50,62147,2554],{"class":68},[50,62149,3970],{"class":64},[50,62151,62152],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,62153,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,62155,62156,62158,62160,62162],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,62157,118],{"class":94},[50,62159,98],{"class":64},[50,62161,102],{"class":101},[50,62163,105],{"class":64},[50,62165,62166],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,62167,61520],{"class":129},[20,62169,62170,62171,53960,62173,6709],{},"If you wanted ",[15,62172,53959],{},[15,62174,53515],{},[222,62176,62178],{"id":62177},"_3-passing-a-string-and-being-surprised-by-separate-characters","3. Passing a string and being surprised by separate characters",[41,62180,62182],{"className":43,"code":62181,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.extend(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,62183,62184,62200,62218,62222,62232],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,62185,62186,62188,62190,62192,62194,62196,62198],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,62187,1040],{"class":56},[50,62189,61],{"class":60},[50,62191,65],{"class":64},[50,62193,811],{"class":604},[50,62195,3926],{"class":608},[50,62197,811],{"class":604},[50,62199,83],{"class":64},[50,62201,62202,62204,62206,62208,62210,62212,62214,62216],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,62203,1088],{"class":56},[50,62205,425],{"class":64},[50,62207,53545],{"class":101},[50,62209,98],{"class":64},[50,62211,811],{"class":604},[50,62213,60656],{"class":608},[50,62215,811],{"class":604},[50,62217,105],{"class":64},[50,62219,62220],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,62221,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,62223,62224,62226,62228,62230],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,62225,118],{"class":94},[50,62227,98],{"class":64},[50,62229,1088],{"class":101},[50,62231,105],{"class":64},[50,62233,62234],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,62235,62236],{"class":129},"# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[20,62238,62239,62240,62243,62244,819],{},"If you want ",[15,62241,62242],{},"\"world\""," as one item, use ",[15,62245,52722],{},[41,62247,62249],{"className":43,"code":62248,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.append(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'world']\n",[15,62250,62251,62267,62285,62289,62299],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,62252,62253,62255,62257,62259,62261,62263,62265],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,62254,1040],{"class":56},[50,62256,61],{"class":60},[50,62258,65],{"class":64},[50,62260,811],{"class":604},[50,62262,3926],{"class":608},[50,62264,811],{"class":604},[50,62266,83],{"class":64},[50,62268,62269,62271,62273,62275,62277,62279,62281,62283],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,62270,1088],{"class":56},[50,62272,425],{"class":64},[50,62274,13626],{"class":101},[50,62276,98],{"class":64},[50,62278,811],{"class":604},[50,62280,60656],{"class":608},[50,62282,811],{"class":604},[50,62284,105],{"class":64},[50,62286,62287],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,62288,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,62290,62291,62293,62295,62297],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,62292,118],{"class":94},[50,62294,98],{"class":64},[50,62296,1088],{"class":101},[50,62298,105],{"class":64},[50,62300,62301],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,62302,62303],{"class":129},"# ['hello', 'world']\n",[222,62305,62307],{"id":62306},"_4-trying-to-extend-with-a-non-iterable-like-an-integer","4. Trying to extend with a non-iterable like an integer",[41,62309,62311],{"className":43,"code":62310,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend(5)\n",[15,62312,62313,62329],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,62314,62315,62317,62319,62321,62323,62325,62327],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,62316,57],{"class":56},[50,62318,61],{"class":60},[50,62320,65],{"class":64},[50,62322,366],{"class":68},[50,62324,72],{"class":64},[50,62326,80],{"class":68},[50,62328,83],{"class":64},[50,62330,62331,62333,62335,62337,62339,62341],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,62332,102],{"class":56},[50,62334,425],{"class":64},[50,62336,53545],{"class":101},[50,62338,98],{"class":64},[50,62340,290],{"class":68},[50,62342,105],{"class":64},[20,62344,39722,62345,6629],{},[15,62346,290],{},[20,62348,62349,62350,62352,62353,62356],{},"You will get a ",[15,62351,1542],{},". See ",[421,62354,62355],{"href":52669},"TypeError: int object is not iterable"," for help fixing that error.",[20,62358,62359],{},"Useful checks while debugging:",[41,62361,62363],{"className":43,"code":62362,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result))\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,62364,62365,62375,62389,62401],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,62366,62367,62369,62371,62373],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,62368,118],{"class":94},[50,62370,98],{"class":64},[50,62372,8418],{"class":101},[50,62374,105],{"class":64},[50,62376,62377,62379,62381,62383,62385,62387],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,62378,118],{"class":94},[50,62380,98],{"class":64},[50,62382,558],{"class":557},[50,62384,98],{"class":64},[50,62386,546],{"class":101},[50,62388,478],{"class":64},[50,62390,62391,62393,62395,62397,62399],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,62392,118],{"class":94},[50,62394,98],{"class":64},[50,62396,123],{"class":101},[50,62398,126],{"class":64},[50,62400,105],{"class":56},[50,62402,62403,62405,62407,62409,62411,62413],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,62404,32222],{"class":94},[50,62406,98],{"class":64},[50,62408,437],{"class":557},[50,62410,425],{"class":64},[50,62412,53545],{"class":1400},[50,62414,105],{"class":64},[43649,62416,62417],{},[20,62418,62419,62420,62423,62424,62426,62427,425],{},"Note: ",[15,62421,62422],{},"print(result))"," has an extra ",[15,62425,126],{}," and would cause a syntax error. The correct version is ",[15,62428,33097],{},[20,62430,62431],{},"Correct debugging example:",[41,62433,62435],{"className":43,"code":62434,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_list = [1, 2]\nvalues = [3, 4]\n\nmy_list.extend(values)\n\nresult = None\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result)\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,62436,62437,62453,62469,62473,62487,62491,62499,62509,62523,62533],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,62438,62439,62441,62443,62445,62447,62449,62451],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,62440,8387],{"class":56},[50,62442,61],{"class":60},[50,62444,65],{"class":64},[50,62446,366],{"class":68},[50,62448,72],{"class":64},[50,62450,80],{"class":68},[50,62452,83],{"class":64},[50,62454,62455,62457,62459,62461,62463,62465,62467],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,62456,516],{"class":56},[50,62458,61],{"class":60},[50,62460,65],{"class":64},[50,62462,69],{"class":68},[50,62464,72],{"class":64},[50,62466,2554],{"class":68},[50,62468,83],{"class":64},[50,62470,62471],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,62472,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,62474,62475,62477,62479,62481,62483,62485],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,62476,8418],{"class":56},[50,62478,425],{"class":64},[50,62480,53545],{"class":101},[50,62482,98],{"class":64},[50,62484,546],{"class":101},[50,62486,105],{"class":64},[50,62488,62489],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,62490,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,62492,62493,62495,62497],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,62494,89],{"class":56},[50,62496,61],{"class":60},[50,62498,48597],{"class":207},[50,62500,62501,62503,62505,62507],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,62502,118],{"class":94},[50,62504,98],{"class":64},[50,62506,8418],{"class":101},[50,62508,105],{"class":64},[50,62510,62511,62513,62515,62517,62519,62521],{"class":52,"line":6503},[50,62512,118],{"class":94},[50,62514,98],{"class":64},[50,62516,558],{"class":557},[50,62518,98],{"class":64},[50,62520,546],{"class":101},[50,62522,478],{"class":64},[50,62524,62525,62527,62529,62531],{"class":52,"line":6509},[50,62526,118],{"class":94},[50,62528,98],{"class":64},[50,62530,123],{"class":101},[50,62532,105],{"class":64},[50,62534,62535,62537,62539,62541,62543,62545],{"class":52,"line":6514},[50,62536,32222],{"class":94},[50,62538,98],{"class":64},[50,62540,437],{"class":557},[50,62542,425],{"class":64},[50,62544,53545],{"class":1400},[50,62546,105],{"class":64},[36,62548,5040,62550],{"id":62549},"when-to-use-extend",[15,62551,53515],{},[20,62553,920,62554,6395],{},[15,62555,53515],{},[158,62557,62558,62561,62564],{},[161,62559,62560],{},"Merge two lists into one existing list",[161,62562,62563],{},"Add multiple values at once",[161,62565,62566],{},"Build a list step by step without creating a new list",[20,62568,5551],{},[41,62570,62572],{"className":43,"code":62571,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"all_scores = [90, 85]\nnew_scores = [88, 92]\n\nall_scores.extend(new_scores)\n\nprint(all_scores)\n# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[15,62573,62574,62591,62609,62613,62629,62633,62643],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,62575,62576,62579,62581,62583,62585,62587,62589],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,62577,62578],{"class":56},"all_scores ",[50,62580,61],{"class":60},[50,62582,65],{"class":64},[50,62584,13575],{"class":68},[50,62586,72],{"class":64},[50,62588,13580],{"class":68},[50,62590,83],{"class":64},[50,62592,62593,62596,62598,62600,62602,62604,62607],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,62594,62595],{"class":56},"new_scores ",[50,62597,61],{"class":60},[50,62599,65],{"class":64},[50,62601,51574],{"class":68},[50,62603,72],{"class":64},[50,62605,62606],{"class":68}," 92",[50,62608,83],{"class":64},[50,62610,62611],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,62612,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,62614,62615,62618,62620,62622,62624,62627],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,62616,62617],{"class":56},"all_scores",[50,62619,425],{"class":64},[50,62621,53545],{"class":101},[50,62623,98],{"class":64},[50,62625,62626],{"class":101},"new_scores",[50,62628,105],{"class":64},[50,62630,62631],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,62632,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,62634,62635,62637,62639,62641],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,62636,118],{"class":94},[50,62638,98],{"class":64},[50,62640,62617],{"class":101},[50,62642,105],{"class":64},[50,62644,62645],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,62646,62647],{"class":129},"# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[20,62649,62650,62651,62653,62654,425],{},"If you need to add just one value, ",[15,62652,52722],{}," is usually better. If you need to add an item at a specific position, see ",[421,62655,55588,62656,10816],{"href":53977},[15,62657,54337],{},[36,62659,1913],{"id":1912},[222,62661,1917,62663,55537],{"id":62662},"does-listextend-return-a-new-list",[15,62664,53416],{},[20,62666,62667,62668,425],{},"No. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,62669,208],{},[222,62671,5258,62673,4472,62675,1943],{"id":62672},"what-is-the-difference-between-extend-and-append",[15,62674,53515],{},[15,62676,52722],{},[20,62678,62679,62681,62682,62684],{},[15,62680,53515],{}," adds each item from an iterable. ",[15,62683,52722],{}," adds one item as a single element.",[222,62686,28398,62688,62690],{"id":62687},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-string",[15,62689,53515],{}," with a string?",[20,62692,62693],{},"Yes, but each character is added separately.",[222,62695,28398,62697,62699],{"id":62696},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-tuple",[15,62698,53515],{}," with a tuple?",[20,62701,62702],{},"Yes. Each tuple item is added to the list.",[222,62704,62706,62707,1943],{"id":62705},"what-happens-if-i-pass-an-integer-to-extend","What happens if I pass an integer to ",[15,62708,53515],{},[20,62710,62711,62712,62714],{},"You get a ",[15,62713,1542],{}," because an integer is not iterable.",[36,62716,1975],{"id":1974},[158,62718,62719,62725,62729,62733,62737,62743,62747],{},[161,62720,62721],{},[421,62722,55588,62723,10816],{"href":56836},[15,62724,52722],{},[161,62726,62727],{},[421,62728,54347],{"href":53117},[161,62730,62731],{},[421,62732,57295],{"href":57221},[161,62734,62735],{},[421,62736,1909],{"href":1908},[161,62738,62739],{},[421,62740,55588,62741,10816],{"href":53977},[15,62742,54337],{},[161,62744,62745],{},[421,62746,62355],{"href":52669},[161,62748,62749],{},[421,62750,55588,62751,10816],{"href":55029},[15,62752,12850],{},[20,62754,62755,62756,62758,62759,62761],{},"If you are choosing between list methods, the next useful step is learning when to use ",[15,62757,52722],{},", when to use ",[15,62760,54337],{},", and when it makes more sense to create a new merged list instead of changing the original one.",[2018,62763,62764],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":62766},[62767,62768,62770,62771,62772,62779,62786,62787,62795,62797,62809],{"id":2104,"depth":86,"text":2105},{"id":61165,"depth":86,"text":62769},"What list.extend() does",{"id":180,"depth":86,"text":181},{"id":61245,"depth":86,"text":61246},{"id":61382,"depth":86,"text":62773,"children":62774},"extend() vs append()",[62775,62777],{"id":61396,"depth":108,"text":62776},"extend() adds each item from the iterable",{"id":61459,"depth":108,"text":62778},"append() adds the whole object as one item",{"id":61545,"depth":86,"text":62780,"children":62781},"Using extend() with different iterables",[62782,62783,62784,62785],{"id":61556,"depth":108,"text":61557},{"id":61620,"depth":108,"text":61621},{"id":61686,"depth":108,"text":61687},{"id":61760,"depth":108,"text":61761},{"id":61820,"depth":86,"text":61821},{"id":4597,"depth":86,"text":4598,"children":62788},[62789,62791,62793,62794],{"id":62032,"depth":108,"text":62790},"1. Expecting extend() to return a new list",{"id":62105,"depth":108,"text":62792},"2. Using append() when extend() is needed",{"id":62177,"depth":108,"text":62178},{"id":62306,"depth":108,"text":62307},{"id":62549,"depth":86,"text":62796},"When to use extend()",{"id":1912,"depth":86,"text":1913,"children":62798},[62799,62801,62803,62805,62807],{"id":62662,"depth":108,"text":62800},"Does list.extend() return a new list?",{"id":62672,"depth":108,"text":62802},"What is the difference between extend() and append()?",{"id":62687,"depth":108,"text":62804},"Can I use extend() with a string?",{"id":62696,"depth":108,"text":62806},"Can I use extend() with a tuple?",{"id":62705,"depth":108,"text":62808},"What happens if I pass an integer to extend()?",{"id":1974,"depth":86,"text":1975},"Master python list extend method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method",{"title":61069,"description":62810},"reference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method","90pZbU2UqZE69xhKpX2Np0iIiKNAPWOtF52krfvnbak",{"id":62817,"title":62818,"body":62819,"description":64906,"extension":2064,"meta":64907,"navigation":111,"path":64908,"seo":64909,"stem":64910,"__hash__":64911},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained.md","Python list() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":62820,"toc":64869},[62821,62824,62829,62835,62846,62852,62854,62923,62925,62974,62982,62986,62990,62993,63004,63009,63011,63013,63034,63047,63050,63063,63065,63070,63095,63097,63105,63108,63177,63179,63203,63209,63213,63217,63253,63255,63275,63282,63286,63319,63321,63354,63359,63363,63396,63398,63426,63434,63438,63475,63477,63498,63501,63505,63574,63576,63600,63605,63612,63616,63619,63621,63635,63638,63662,63664,63689,63692,63711,63713,63739,63748,63752,63759,63836,63838,63879,63885,63891,63982,63984,64040,64043,64048,64052,64057,64061,64120,64122,64147,64151,64214,64216,64241,64245,64308,64310,64353,64356,64360,64364,64385,64389,64471,64473,64508,64516,64518,64522,64526,64528,64555,64560,64562,64589,64596,64599,64622,64624,64673,64676,64679,64698,64702,64705,64756,64759,64765,64769,64774,64777,64779,64785,64794,64798,64804,64808,64811,64815,64818,64822,64828,64830,64866],[10,62822,62818],{"id":62823},"python-list-function-explained",[20,62825,9203,62826,62828],{},[15,62827,24849],{}," function creates a new list.",[20,62830,62831,62832,62834],{},"Beginners usually use ",[15,62833,24849],{}," for two main reasons:",[158,62836,62837,62840],{},[161,62838,62839],{},"to make an empty list",[161,62841,62842,62843,62845],{},"to convert another iterable, such as a tuple, string, ",[15,62844,60066],{},", set, or dictionary, into a list",[20,62847,62848,62849,62851],{},"This page explains how ",[15,62850,24849],{}," works, what it returns, and when you should use it.",[36,62853,2105],{"id":2104},[41,62855,62857],{"className":43,"code":62856,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,62858,62859,62881,62899,62903,62913],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,62860,62861,62863,62865,62867,62869,62871,62873,62875,62877,62879],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,62862,57],{"class":56},[50,62864,61],{"class":60},[50,62866,22629],{"class":557},[50,62868,1820],{"class":64},[50,62870,366],{"class":68},[50,62872,72],{"class":64},[50,62874,80],{"class":68},[50,62876,72],{"class":64},[50,62878,500],{"class":68},[50,62880,478],{"class":64},[50,62882,62883,62885,62887,62889,62891,62893,62895,62897],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,62884,36160],{"class":56},[50,62886,61],{"class":60},[50,62888,22629],{"class":557},[50,62890,98],{"class":64},[50,62892,811],{"class":604},[50,62894,41630],{"class":608},[50,62896,811],{"class":604},[50,62898,105],{"class":64},[50,62900,62901],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,62902,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,62904,62905,62907,62909,62911],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,62906,118],{"class":94},[50,62908,98],{"class":64},[50,62910,102],{"class":101},[50,62912,105],{"class":64},[50,62914,62915,62917,62919,62921],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,62916,118],{"class":94},[50,62918,98],{"class":64},[50,62920,36213],{"class":101},[50,62922,105],{"class":64},[20,62924,353],{},[41,62926,62928],{"className":43,"code":62927,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[1, 2, 3]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,62929,62930,62946],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,62931,62932,62934,62936,62938,62940,62942,62944],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,62933,363],{"class":64},[50,62935,366],{"class":68},[50,62937,72],{"class":64},[50,62939,80],{"class":68},[50,62941,72],{"class":64},[50,62943,500],{"class":68},[50,62945,83],{"class":64},[50,62947,62948,62950,62952,62954,62956,62958,62960,62962,62964,62966,62968,62970,62972],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,62949,363],{"class":64},[50,62951,611],{"class":604},[50,62953,421],{"class":608},[50,62955,611],{"class":604},[50,62957,72],{"class":64},[50,62959,605],{"class":604},[50,62961,4839],{"class":608},[50,62963,611],{"class":604},[50,62965,72],{"class":64},[50,62967,605],{"class":604},[50,62969,9817],{"class":608},[50,62971,611],{"class":604},[50,62973,83],{"class":64},[20,62975,920,62976,62978,62979,62981],{},[15,62977,24849],{}," to create a list from another iterable such as a tuple, string, ",[15,62980,60066],{},", set, or dictionary.",[36,62983,62985],{"id":62984},"what-list-does","What list() does",[20,62987,62988,165],{},[15,62989,24849],{},[20,62991,62992],{},"It can:",[158,62994,62995,62998,63001],{},[161,62996,62997],{},"create a new list object",[161,62999,63000],{},"make an empty list",[161,63002,63003],{},"convert an iterable into a list",[20,63005,63006,63007,425],{},"A list is a changeable sequence of items. If you are new to lists, see ",[421,63008,1909],{"href":1908},[36,63010,181],{"id":180},[20,63012,26556],{},[41,63014,63016],{"className":43,"code":63015,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"list()\nlist(iterable)\n",[15,63017,63018,63024],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,63019,63020,63022],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,63021,437],{"class":557},[50,63023,8722],{"class":64},[50,63025,63026,63028,63030,63032],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,63027,437],{"class":557},[50,63029,98],{"class":64},[50,63031,196],{"class":101},[50,63033,105],{"class":64},[158,63035,63036,63041],{},[161,63037,63038,63040],{},[15,63039,24849],{}," makes an empty list",[161,63042,63043,63046],{},[15,63044,63045],{},"list(iterable)"," converts an iterable to a list",[20,63048,63049],{},"Common iterable values include:",[158,63051,63052,63054,63056,63058,63061],{},[161,63053,5388],{},[161,63055,5382],{},[161,63057,5385],{},[161,63059,63060],{},"ranges",[161,63062,7330],{},[36,63064,59688],{"id":59687},[20,63066,920,63067,63069],{},[15,63068,24849],{}," with no arguments:",[41,63071,63073],{"className":43,"code":63072,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = list()\nprint(items)\n",[15,63074,63075,63085],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,63076,63077,63079,63081,63083],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,63078,7859],{"class":56},[50,63080,61],{"class":60},[50,63082,22629],{"class":557},[50,63084,8722],{"class":64},[50,63086,63087,63089,63091,63093],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,63088,118],{"class":94},[50,63090,98],{"class":64},[50,63092,7888],{"class":101},[50,63094,105],{"class":64},[20,63096,353],{},[41,63098,63099],{"className":43,"code":38367,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,63100,63101],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,63102,63103],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,63104,38367],{"class":64},[20,63106,63107],{},"This is useful when you want to build a list step by step:",[41,63109,63111],{"className":43,"code":63110,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = list()\n\nitems.append(\"apple\")\nitems.append(\"banana\")\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,63112,63113,63123,63127,63145,63163,63167],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,63114,63115,63117,63119,63121],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,63116,7859],{"class":56},[50,63118,61],{"class":60},[50,63120,22629],{"class":557},[50,63122,8722],{"class":64},[50,63124,63125],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,63126,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,63128,63129,63131,63133,63135,63137,63139,63141,63143],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,63130,7888],{"class":56},[50,63132,425],{"class":64},[50,63134,13626],{"class":101},[50,63136,98],{"class":64},[50,63138,811],{"class":604},[50,63140,1049],{"class":608},[50,63142,811],{"class":604},[50,63144,105],{"class":64},[50,63146,63147,63149,63151,63153,63155,63157,63159,63161],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,63148,7888],{"class":56},[50,63150,425],{"class":64},[50,63152,13626],{"class":101},[50,63154,98],{"class":64},[50,63156,811],{"class":604},[50,63158,1058],{"class":608},[50,63160,811],{"class":604},[50,63162,105],{"class":64},[50,63164,63165],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,63166,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,63168,63169,63171,63173,63175],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,63170,118],{"class":94},[50,63172,98],{"class":64},[50,63174,7888],{"class":101},[50,63176,105],{"class":64},[20,63178,353],{},[41,63180,63181],{"className":43,"code":38491,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,63182,63183],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,63184,63185,63187,63189,63191,63193,63195,63197,63199,63201],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,63186,363],{"class":64},[50,63188,611],{"class":604},[50,63190,1049],{"class":608},[50,63192,611],{"class":604},[50,63194,72],{"class":64},[50,63196,605],{"class":604},[50,63198,1058],{"class":608},[50,63200,611],{"class":604},[50,63202,83],{"class":64},[20,63204,63205,63206,63208],{},"You can also create an empty list with ",[15,63207,3868],{},". Both are valid.",[36,63210,63212],{"id":63211},"convert-common-values-to-a-list","Convert common values to a list",[222,63214,63216],{"id":63215},"tuple-to-list","Tuple to list",[41,63218,63219],{"className":43,"code":59986,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,63220,63221,63243],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,63222,63223,63225,63227,63229,63231,63233,63235,63237,63239,63241],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,63224,57],{"class":56},[50,63226,61],{"class":60},[50,63228,22629],{"class":557},[50,63230,1820],{"class":64},[50,63232,366],{"class":68},[50,63234,72],{"class":64},[50,63236,80],{"class":68},[50,63238,72],{"class":64},[50,63240,500],{"class":68},[50,63242,478],{"class":64},[50,63244,63245,63247,63249,63251],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,63246,118],{"class":94},[50,63248,98],{"class":64},[50,63250,102],{"class":101},[50,63252,105],{"class":64},[20,63254,353],{},[41,63256,63257],{"className":43,"code":483,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,63258,63259],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,63260,63261,63263,63265,63267,63269,63271,63273],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,63262,363],{"class":64},[50,63264,366],{"class":68},[50,63266,72],{"class":64},[50,63268,80],{"class":68},[50,63270,72],{"class":64},[50,63272,500],{"class":68},[50,63274,83],{"class":64},[20,63276,63277,63278,425],{},"If you also want to compare this with tuples, see ",[421,63279,63281],{"href":63280},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained\u002F","Python tuple() function explained",[222,63283,63285],{"id":63284},"string-to-list","String to list",[41,63287,63289],{"className":43,"code":63288,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"letters = list(\"cat\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,63290,63291,63309],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,63292,63293,63295,63297,63299,63301,63303,63305,63307],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,63294,36160],{"class":56},[50,63296,61],{"class":60},[50,63298,22629],{"class":557},[50,63300,98],{"class":64},[50,63302,811],{"class":604},[50,63304,37116],{"class":608},[50,63306,811],{"class":604},[50,63308,105],{"class":64},[50,63310,63311,63313,63315,63317],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,63312,118],{"class":94},[50,63314,98],{"class":64},[50,63316,36213],{"class":101},[50,63318,105],{"class":64},[20,63320,353],{},[41,63322,63324],{"className":43,"code":63323,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['c', 'a', 't']\n",[15,63325,63326],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,63327,63328,63330,63332,63334,63336,63338,63340,63342,63344,63346,63348,63350,63352],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,63329,363],{"class":64},[50,63331,611],{"class":604},[50,63333,9817],{"class":608},[50,63335,611],{"class":604},[50,63337,72],{"class":64},[50,63339,605],{"class":604},[50,63341,421],{"class":608},[50,63343,611],{"class":604},[50,63345,72],{"class":64},[50,63347,605],{"class":604},[50,63349,771],{"class":608},[50,63351,611],{"class":604},[50,63353,83],{"class":64},[20,63355,63356,63358],{},[15,63357,24849],{}," takes each character from the string and puts it into the new list.",[222,63360,63362],{"id":63361},"range-to-list","Range to list",[41,63364,63366],{"className":43,"code":63365,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = list(range(5))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,63367,63368,63386],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,63369,63370,63372,63374,63376,63378,63380,63382,63384],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,63371,57],{"class":56},[50,63373,61],{"class":60},[50,63375,22629],{"class":557},[50,63377,98],{"class":64},[50,63379,60066],{"class":94},[50,63381,98],{"class":64},[50,63383,290],{"class":68},[50,63385,478],{"class":64},[50,63387,63388,63390,63392,63394],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,63389,118],{"class":94},[50,63391,98],{"class":64},[50,63393,102],{"class":101},[50,63395,105],{"class":64},[20,63397,353],{},[41,63399,63400],{"className":43,"code":60089,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,63401,63402],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,63403,63404,63406,63408,63410,63412,63414,63416,63418,63420,63422,63424],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,63405,363],{"class":64},[50,63407,2220],{"class":68},[50,63409,72],{"class":64},[50,63411,75],{"class":68},[50,63413,72],{"class":64},[50,63415,80],{"class":68},[50,63417,72],{"class":64},[50,63419,500],{"class":68},[50,63421,72],{"class":64},[50,63423,2554],{"class":68},[50,63425,83],{"class":64},[20,63427,63428,63429,63433],{},"This is common when working with ",[421,63430,63431],{"href":2013},[15,63432,2016],{},", especially when you want to see all the values at once.",[222,63435,63437],{"id":63436},"set-to-list","Set to list",[41,63439,63441],{"className":43,"code":63440,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"values = list({10, 20, 30})\nprint(values)\n",[15,63442,63443,63465],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,63444,63445,63447,63449,63451,63453,63455,63457,63459,63461,63463],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,63446,516],{"class":56},[50,63448,61],{"class":60},[50,63450,22629],{"class":557},[50,63452,5607],{"class":64},[50,63454,1618],{"class":68},[50,63456,72],{"class":64},[50,63458,840],{"class":68},[50,63460,72],{"class":64},[50,63462,1627],{"class":68},[50,63464,30565],{"class":64},[50,63466,63467,63469,63471,63473],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,63468,118],{"class":94},[50,63470,98],{"class":64},[50,63472,546],{"class":101},[50,63474,105],{"class":64},[20,63476,17030],{},[41,63478,63480],{"className":43,"code":63479,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,63481,63482],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,63483,63484,63486,63488,63490,63492,63494,63496],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,63485,363],{"class":64},[50,63487,1618],{"class":68},[50,63489,72],{"class":64},[50,63491,840],{"class":68},[50,63493,72],{"class":64},[50,63495,1627],{"class":68},[50,63497,83],{"class":64},[20,63499,63500],{},"This works, but set order is not guaranteed in the way beginners often expect. The items may appear in a different order.",[222,63502,63504],{"id":63503},"dictionary-to-list","Dictionary to list",[41,63506,63508],{"className":43,"code":63507,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = list(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,63509,63510,63546,63560,63564],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,63511,63512,63514,63516,63518,63520,63522,63524,63526,63528,63530,63532,63534,63536,63538,63540,63542,63544],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,63513,804],{"class":56},[50,63515,61],{"class":60},[50,63517,632],{"class":64},[50,63519,811],{"class":604},[50,63521,814],{"class":608},[50,63523,811],{"class":604},[50,63525,819],{"class":64},[50,63527,700],{"class":604},[50,63529,824],{"class":608},[50,63531,811],{"class":604},[50,63533,72],{"class":64},[50,63535,700],{"class":604},[50,63537,833],{"class":608},[50,63539,811],{"class":604},[50,63541,819],{"class":64},[50,63543,9384],{"class":68},[50,63545,645],{"class":64},[50,63547,63548,63550,63552,63554,63556,63558],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,63549,89],{"class":56},[50,63551,61],{"class":60},[50,63553,22629],{"class":557},[50,63555,98],{"class":64},[50,63557,873],{"class":101},[50,63559,105],{"class":64},[50,63561,63562],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,63563,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,63565,63566,63568,63570,63572],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,63567,118],{"class":94},[50,63569,98],{"class":64},[50,63571,123],{"class":101},[50,63573,105],{"class":64},[20,63575,353],{},[41,63577,63578],{"className":43,"code":25549,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,63579,63580],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,63581,63582,63584,63586,63588,63590,63592,63594,63596,63598],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,63583,363],{"class":64},[50,63585,611],{"class":604},[50,63587,814],{"class":608},[50,63589,611],{"class":604},[50,63591,72],{"class":64},[50,63593,605],{"class":604},[50,63595,833],{"class":608},[50,63597,611],{"class":604},[50,63599,83],{"class":64},[20,63601,791,63602,63604],{},[15,63603,24849],{},", Python returns the dictionary keys.",[20,63606,63607,63608,425],{},"If you need more help with dictionaries, see ",[421,63609,63611],{"href":63610},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained\u002F","Python dict() function explained",[36,63613,63615],{"id":63614},"what-counts-as-an-iterable","What counts as an iterable",[20,63617,63618],{},"An iterable is something Python can loop through.",[20,63620,61220],{},[158,63622,63623,63625,63627,63629,63631,63633],{},[161,63624,5379],{},[161,63626,5382],{},[161,63628,5388],{},[161,63630,5385],{},[161,63632,63060],{},[161,63634,7330],{},[20,63636,63637],{},"For example, this works because a string is iterable:",[41,63639,63641],{"className":43,"code":63640,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(list(\"hi\"))\n",[15,63642,63643],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,63644,63645,63647,63649,63651,63653,63655,63658,63660],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,63646,118],{"class":94},[50,63648,98],{"class":64},[50,63650,437],{"class":557},[50,63652,98],{"class":64},[50,63654,811],{"class":604},[50,63656,63657],{"class":608},"hi",[50,63659,811],{"class":604},[50,63661,478],{"class":64},[20,63663,353],{},[41,63665,63667],{"className":43,"code":63666,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['h', 'i']\n",[15,63668,63669],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,63670,63671,63673,63675,63677,63679,63681,63683,63685,63687],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,63672,363],{"class":64},[50,63674,611],{"class":604},[50,63676,736],{"class":608},[50,63678,611],{"class":604},[50,63680,72],{"class":64},[50,63682,605],{"class":604},[50,63684,36224],{"class":608},[50,63686,611],{"class":604},[50,63688,83],{"class":64},[20,63690,63691],{},"But this fails because an integer is not iterable:",[41,63693,63695],{"className":43,"code":63694,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(list(5))\n",[15,63696,63697],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,63698,63699,63701,63703,63705,63707,63709],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,63700,118],{"class":94},[50,63702,98],{"class":64},[50,63704,437],{"class":557},[50,63706,98],{"class":64},[50,63708,290],{"class":68},[50,63710,478],{"class":64},[20,63712,353],{},[41,63714,63716],{"className":43,"code":63715,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable\n",[15,63717,63718],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,63719,63720,63722,63724,63726,63728,63730,63732,63734,63736],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,63721,1542],{"class":557},[50,63723,819],{"class":64},[50,63725,605],{"class":604},[50,63727,2288],{"class":608},[50,63729,611],{"class":604},[50,63731,24686],{"class":557},[50,63733,8175],{"class":60},[50,63735,8178],{"class":60},[50,63737,63738],{"class":56}," iterable\n",[20,63740,63741,63742,63744,63745,425],{},"If you want a deeper explanation, read ",[421,63743,5216],{"href":5664},". If you hit this exact error, see ",[421,63746,63747],{"href":52669},"how to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[36,63749,63751],{"id":63750},"list-makes-a-new-list-copy","list() makes a new list copy",[20,63753,63754,63755,63758],{},"If you already have a list, ",[15,63756,63757],{},"list(existing_list)"," creates a new list with the same items:",[41,63760,63762],{"className":43,"code":63761,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = list(original)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,63763,63764,63784,63798,63802,63812,63822],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,63765,63766,63768,63770,63772,63774,63776,63778,63780,63782],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,63767,12160],{"class":56},[50,63769,61],{"class":60},[50,63771,65],{"class":64},[50,63773,366],{"class":68},[50,63775,72],{"class":64},[50,63777,80],{"class":68},[50,63779,72],{"class":64},[50,63781,500],{"class":68},[50,63783,83],{"class":64},[50,63785,63786,63788,63790,63792,63794,63796],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,63787,14384],{"class":56},[50,63789,61],{"class":60},[50,63791,22629],{"class":557},[50,63793,98],{"class":64},[50,63795,12207],{"class":101},[50,63797,105],{"class":64},[50,63799,63800],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,63801,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,63803,63804,63806,63808,63810],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,63805,118],{"class":94},[50,63807,98],{"class":64},[50,63809,12207],{"class":101},[50,63811,105],{"class":64},[50,63813,63814,63816,63818,63820],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,63815,118],{"class":94},[50,63817,98],{"class":64},[50,63819,14403],{"class":101},[50,63821,105],{"class":64},[50,63823,63824,63826,63828,63830,63832,63834],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,63825,118],{"class":94},[50,63827,98],{"class":64},[50,63829,12160],{"class":101},[50,63831,12268],{"class":3957},[50,63833,14457],{"class":101},[50,63835,105],{"class":64},[20,63837,353],{},[41,63839,63841],{"className":43,"code":63840,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3]\nFalse\n",[15,63842,63843,63859,63875],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,63844,63845,63847,63849,63851,63853,63855,63857],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,63846,363],{"class":64},[50,63848,366],{"class":68},[50,63850,72],{"class":64},[50,63852,80],{"class":68},[50,63854,72],{"class":64},[50,63856,500],{"class":68},[50,63858,83],{"class":64},[50,63860,63861,63863,63865,63867,63869,63871,63873],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,63862,363],{"class":64},[50,63864,366],{"class":68},[50,63866,72],{"class":64},[50,63868,80],{"class":68},[50,63870,72],{"class":64},[50,63872,500],{"class":68},[50,63874,83],{"class":64},[50,63876,63877],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,63878,4122],{"class":207},[20,63880,63881,63882,63884],{},"This means ",[15,63883,14403],{}," is a different list object.",[20,63886,63887,63888,63890],{},"However, this is only a ",[3824,63889,12924],{},". Nested items are still shared:",[41,63892,63894],{"className":43,"code":63893,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = list(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,63895,63896,63922,63936,63940,63958,63962,63972],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,63897,63898,63900,63902,63904,63906,63908,63910,63912,63914,63916,63918,63920],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,63899,12160],{"class":56},[50,63901,61],{"class":60},[50,63903,56361],{"class":64},[50,63905,366],{"class":68},[50,63907,72],{"class":64},[50,63909,80],{"class":68},[50,63911,1860],{"class":64},[50,63913,65],{"class":64},[50,63915,69],{"class":68},[50,63917,72],{"class":64},[50,63919,2554],{"class":68},[50,63921,53311],{"class":64},[50,63923,63924,63926,63928,63930,63932,63934],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,63925,14384],{"class":56},[50,63927,61],{"class":60},[50,63929,22629],{"class":557},[50,63931,98],{"class":64},[50,63933,12207],{"class":101},[50,63935,105],{"class":64},[50,63937,63938],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,63939,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,63941,63942,63944,63946,63948,63950,63952,63954,63956],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,63943,14403],{"class":56},[50,63945,363],{"class":64},[50,63947,2220],{"class":68},[50,63949,13623],{"class":64},[50,63951,13626],{"class":101},[50,63953,98],{"class":64},[50,63955,56414],{"class":68},[50,63957,105],{"class":64},[50,63959,63960],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,63961,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,63963,63964,63966,63968,63970],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,63965,118],{"class":94},[50,63967,98],{"class":64},[50,63969,12207],{"class":101},[50,63971,105],{"class":64},[50,63973,63974,63976,63978,63980],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,63975,118],{"class":94},[50,63977,98],{"class":64},[50,63979,14403],{"class":101},[50,63981,105],{"class":64},[20,63983,353],{},[41,63985,63986],{"className":43,"code":56445,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,63987,63988,64014],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,63989,63990,63992,63994,63996,63998,64000,64002,64004,64006,64008,64010,64012],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,63991,56452],{"class":64},[50,63993,366],{"class":68},[50,63995,72],{"class":64},[50,63997,80],{"class":68},[50,63999,72],{"class":64},[50,64001,10275],{"class":68},[50,64003,1860],{"class":64},[50,64005,65],{"class":64},[50,64007,69],{"class":68},[50,64009,72],{"class":64},[50,64011,2554],{"class":68},[50,64013,53311],{"class":64},[50,64015,64016,64018,64020,64022,64024,64026,64028,64030,64032,64034,64036,64038],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,64017,56452],{"class":64},[50,64019,366],{"class":68},[50,64021,72],{"class":64},[50,64023,80],{"class":68},[50,64025,72],{"class":64},[50,64027,10275],{"class":68},[50,64029,1860],{"class":64},[50,64031,65],{"class":64},[50,64033,69],{"class":68},[50,64035,72],{"class":64},[50,64037,2554],{"class":68},[50,64039,53311],{"class":64},[20,64041,64042],{},"Both lists changed because the inner list was shared.",[20,64044,64045,64046,425],{},"For more on this, see ",[421,64047,13863],{"href":13862},[36,64049,64051],{"id":64050},"dictionary-behavior","Dictionary behavior",[20,64053,64054,64055,425],{},"Dictionaries often confuse beginners when used with ",[15,64056,24849],{},[222,64058,64060],{"id":64059},"get-dictionary-keys","Get dictionary keys",[41,64062,64064],{"className":43,"code":64063,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student))\n",[15,64065,64066,64106],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,64067,64068,64070,64072,64074,64076,64078,64080,64082,64084,64086,64088,64090,64092,64094,64096,64098,64100,64102,64104],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,64069,12937],{"class":56},[50,64071,61],{"class":60},[50,64073,632],{"class":64},[50,64075,811],{"class":604},[50,64077,814],{"class":608},[50,64079,811],{"class":604},[50,64081,819],{"class":64},[50,64083,700],{"class":604},[50,64085,8000],{"class":608},[50,64087,811],{"class":604},[50,64089,72],{"class":64},[50,64091,700],{"class":604},[50,64093,19961],{"class":608},[50,64095,811],{"class":604},[50,64097,819],{"class":64},[50,64099,700],{"class":604},[50,64101,22314],{"class":608},[50,64103,811],{"class":604},[50,64105,645],{"class":64},[50,64107,64108,64110,64112,64114,64116,64118],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,64109,118],{"class":94},[50,64111,98],{"class":64},[50,64113,437],{"class":557},[50,64115,98],{"class":64},[50,64117,13699],{"class":101},[50,64119,478],{"class":64},[20,64121,353],{},[41,64123,64125],{"className":43,"code":64124,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['name', 'grade']\n",[15,64126,64127],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,64128,64129,64131,64133,64135,64137,64139,64141,64143,64145],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,64130,363],{"class":64},[50,64132,611],{"class":604},[50,64134,814],{"class":608},[50,64136,611],{"class":604},[50,64138,72],{"class":64},[50,64140,605],{"class":604},[50,64142,19961],{"class":608},[50,64144,611],{"class":604},[50,64146,83],{"class":64},[222,64148,64150],{"id":64149},"get-dictionary-values","Get dictionary values",[41,64152,64154],{"className":43,"code":64153,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.values()))\n",[15,64155,64156,64196],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,64157,64158,64160,64162,64164,64166,64168,64170,64172,64174,64176,64178,64180,64182,64184,64186,64188,64190,64192,64194],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,64159,12937],{"class":56},[50,64161,61],{"class":60},[50,64163,632],{"class":64},[50,64165,811],{"class":604},[50,64167,814],{"class":608},[50,64169,811],{"class":604},[50,64171,819],{"class":64},[50,64173,700],{"class":604},[50,64175,8000],{"class":608},[50,64177,811],{"class":604},[50,64179,72],{"class":64},[50,64181,700],{"class":604},[50,64183,19961],{"class":608},[50,64185,811],{"class":604},[50,64187,819],{"class":64},[50,64189,700],{"class":604},[50,64191,22314],{"class":608},[50,64193,811],{"class":604},[50,64195,645],{"class":64},[50,64197,64198,64200,64202,64204,64206,64208,64210,64212],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,64199,118],{"class":94},[50,64201,98],{"class":64},[50,64203,437],{"class":557},[50,64205,98],{"class":64},[50,64207,13699],{"class":101},[50,64209,425],{"class":64},[50,64211,546],{"class":101},[50,64213,6367],{"class":64},[20,64215,353],{},[41,64217,64219],{"className":43,"code":64218,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['Mia', 'A']\n",[15,64220,64221],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,64222,64223,64225,64227,64229,64231,64233,64235,64237,64239],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,64224,363],{"class":64},[50,64226,611],{"class":604},[50,64228,8000],{"class":608},[50,64230,611],{"class":604},[50,64232,72],{"class":64},[50,64234,605],{"class":604},[50,64236,22314],{"class":608},[50,64238,611],{"class":604},[50,64240,83],{"class":64},[222,64242,64244],{"id":64243},"get-key-value-pairs","Get key-value pairs",[41,64246,64248],{"className":43,"code":64247,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.items()))\n",[15,64249,64250,64290],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,64251,64252,64254,64256,64258,64260,64262,64264,64266,64268,64270,64272,64274,64276,64278,64280,64282,64284,64286,64288],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,64253,12937],{"class":56},[50,64255,61],{"class":60},[50,64257,632],{"class":64},[50,64259,811],{"class":604},[50,64261,814],{"class":608},[50,64263,811],{"class":604},[50,64265,819],{"class":64},[50,64267,700],{"class":604},[50,64269,8000],{"class":608},[50,64271,811],{"class":604},[50,64273,72],{"class":64},[50,64275,700],{"class":604},[50,64277,19961],{"class":608},[50,64279,811],{"class":604},[50,64281,819],{"class":64},[50,64283,700],{"class":604},[50,64285,22314],{"class":608},[50,64287,811],{"class":604},[50,64289,645],{"class":64},[50,64291,64292,64294,64296,64298,64300,64302,64304,64306],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,64293,118],{"class":94},[50,64295,98],{"class":64},[50,64297,437],{"class":557},[50,64299,98],{"class":64},[50,64301,13699],{"class":101},[50,64303,425],{"class":64},[50,64305,7888],{"class":101},[50,64307,6367],{"class":64},[20,64309,353],{},[41,64311,64313],{"className":43,"code":64312,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[('name', 'Mia'), ('grade', 'A')]\n",[15,64314,64315],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,64316,64317,64319,64321,64323,64325,64327,64329,64331,64333,64335,64337,64339,64341,64343,64345,64347,64349,64351],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,64318,21809],{"class":64},[50,64320,611],{"class":604},[50,64322,814],{"class":608},[50,64324,611],{"class":604},[50,64326,72],{"class":64},[50,64328,605],{"class":604},[50,64330,8000],{"class":608},[50,64332,611],{"class":604},[50,64334,9313],{"class":64},[50,64336,521],{"class":64},[50,64338,611],{"class":604},[50,64340,19961],{"class":608},[50,64342,611],{"class":604},[50,64344,72],{"class":64},[50,64346,605],{"class":604},[50,64348,22314],{"class":608},[50,64350,611],{"class":604},[50,64352,9328],{"class":64},[20,64354,64355],{},"This is helpful when you need the keys, values, or pairs in list form.",[36,64357,64359],{"id":64358},"when-to-use-list","When to use list()",[20,64361,920,64362,1504],{},[15,64363,24849],{},[158,64365,64366,64373,64382],{},[161,64367,64368,64369,2976,64371],{},"you need list methods like ",[15,64370,52722],{},[15,64372,1770],{},[161,64374,64375,64376,2976,64378,64381],{},"you want to convert ",[15,64377,2016],{},[15,64379,64380],{},"zip()"," results into a visible list",[161,64383,64384],{},"another function gives you an iterable, but you need a real list",[20,64386,46110,64387,819],{},[15,64388,64380],{},[41,64390,64392],{"className":43,"code":64391,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,64393,64394,64418,64434,64438,64461],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,64395,64396,64398,64400,64402,64404,64406,64408,64410,64412,64414,64416],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,64397,5074],{"class":56},[50,64399,61],{"class":60},[50,64401,65],{"class":64},[50,64403,811],{"class":604},[50,64405,824],{"class":608},[50,64407,811],{"class":604},[50,64409,72],{"class":64},[50,64411,700],{"class":604},[50,64413,36010],{"class":608},[50,64415,811],{"class":604},[50,64417,83],{"class":64},[50,64419,64420,64422,64424,64426,64428,64430,64432],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,64421,5143],{"class":56},[50,64423,61],{"class":60},[50,64425,65],{"class":64},[50,64427,13575],{"class":68},[50,64429,72],{"class":64},[50,64431,13580],{"class":68},[50,64433,83],{"class":64},[50,64435,64436],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,64437,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,64439,64440,64442,64444,64446,64448,64451,64453,64455,64457,64459],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,64441,9295],{"class":56},[50,64443,61],{"class":60},[50,64445,22629],{"class":557},[50,64447,98],{"class":64},[50,64449,64450],{"class":94},"zip",[50,64452,98],{"class":64},[50,64454,5118],{"class":101},[50,64456,72],{"class":64},[50,64458,5190],{"class":101},[50,64460,478],{"class":64},[50,64462,64463,64465,64467,64469],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,64464,118],{"class":94},[50,64466,98],{"class":64},[50,64468,9341],{"class":101},[50,64470,105],{"class":64},[20,64472,353],{},[41,64474,64476],{"className":43,"code":64475,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n",[15,64477,64478],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,64479,64480,64482,64484,64486,64488,64490,64492,64494,64496,64498,64500,64502,64504,64506],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,64481,21809],{"class":64},[50,64483,611],{"class":604},[50,64485,824],{"class":608},[50,64487,611],{"class":604},[50,64489,72],{"class":64},[50,64491,19968],{"class":68},[50,64493,9313],{"class":64},[50,64495,521],{"class":64},[50,64497,611],{"class":604},[50,64499,36010],{"class":608},[50,64501,611],{"class":604},[50,64503,72],{"class":64},[50,64505,13580],{"class":68},[50,64507,9328],{"class":64},[20,64509,64510,64511,64513,64514,425],{},"After you have a list, you can work with list methods such as ",[15,64512,52722],{},". For a practical next step, see ",[421,64515,53118],{"href":53117},[36,64517,4598],{"id":4597},[20,64519,56843,64520,425],{},[15,64521,24849],{},[222,64523,64525],{"id":64524},"passing-multiple-values-directly","Passing multiple values directly",[20,64527,4605],{},[41,64529,64531],{"className":43,"code":64530,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"# Wrong\nlist(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,64532,64533,64537],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,64534,64535],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,64536,4615],{"class":129},[50,64538,64539,64541,64543,64545,64547,64549,64551,64553],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,64540,437],{"class":557},[50,64542,98],{"class":64},[50,64544,366],{"class":68},[50,64546,72],{"class":64},[50,64548,80],{"class":68},[50,64550,72],{"class":64},[50,64552,500],{"class":68},[50,64554,105],{"class":64},[20,64556,64557,64559],{},[15,64558,24849],{}," accepts one iterable, not several separate values.",[20,64561,18764],{},[41,64563,64565],{"className":43,"code":64564,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(list((1, 2, 3)))\n",[15,64566,64567],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,64568,64569,64571,64573,64575,64577,64579,64581,64583,64585,64587],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,64570,118],{"class":94},[50,64572,98],{"class":64},[50,64574,437],{"class":557},[50,64576,1820],{"class":64},[50,64578,366],{"class":68},[50,64580,72],{"class":64},[50,64582,80],{"class":68},[50,64584,72],{"class":64},[50,64586,500],{"class":68},[50,64588,569],{"class":64},[222,64590,64592,64593],{"id":64591},"expecting-listhello-to-return-hello","Expecting list(\"hello\") to return ",[50,64594,64595],{},"\"hello\"",[20,64597,64598],{},"This is a common surprise:",[41,64600,64602],{"className":43,"code":64601,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(list(\"hello\"))\n",[15,64603,64604],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,64605,64606,64608,64610,64612,64614,64616,64618,64620],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,64607,118],{"class":94},[50,64609,98],{"class":64},[50,64611,437],{"class":557},[50,64613,98],{"class":64},[50,64615,811],{"class":604},[50,64617,3926],{"class":608},[50,64619,811],{"class":604},[50,64621,478],{"class":64},[20,64623,353],{},[41,64625,64627],{"className":43,"code":64626,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o']\n",[15,64628,64629],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,64630,64631,64633,64635,64637,64639,64641,64643,64645,64647,64649,64651,64653,64655,64657,64659,64661,64663,64665,64667,64669,64671],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,64632,363],{"class":64},[50,64634,611],{"class":604},[50,64636,736],{"class":608},[50,64638,611],{"class":604},[50,64640,72],{"class":64},[50,64642,605],{"class":604},[50,64644,60513],{"class":608},[50,64646,611],{"class":604},[50,64648,72],{"class":64},[50,64650,605],{"class":604},[50,64652,60522],{"class":608},[50,64654,611],{"class":604},[50,64656,72],{"class":64},[50,64658,605],{"class":604},[50,64660,60522],{"class":608},[50,64662,611],{"class":604},[50,64664,72],{"class":64},[50,64666,605],{"class":604},[50,64668,754],{"class":608},[50,64670,611],{"class":604},[50,64672,83],{"class":64},[20,64674,64675],{},"A string is iterable, so Python takes one character at a time.",[20,64677,64678],{},"If you want a list with one string item, write:",[41,64680,64682],{"className":43,"code":64681,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print([\"hello\"])\n",[15,64683,64684],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,64685,64686,64688,64690,64692,64694,64696],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,64687,118],{"class":94},[50,64689,1792],{"class":64},[50,64691,811],{"class":604},[50,64693,3926],{"class":608},[50,64695,811],{"class":604},[50,64697,3970],{"class":64},[222,64699,64701],{"id":64700},"assuming-listdict-returns-values","Assuming list(dict) returns values",[20,64703,64704],{},"This:",[41,64706,64708],{"className":43,"code":64707,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(list(data))\n",[15,64709,64710,64742],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,64711,64712,64714,64716,64718,64720,64722,64724,64726,64728,64730,64732,64734,64736,64738,64740],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,64713,9246],{"class":56},[50,64715,61],{"class":60},[50,64717,632],{"class":64},[50,64719,811],{"class":604},[50,64721,421],{"class":608},[50,64723,811],{"class":604},[50,64725,819],{"class":64},[50,64727,75],{"class":68},[50,64729,72],{"class":64},[50,64731,700],{"class":604},[50,64733,4839],{"class":608},[50,64735,811],{"class":604},[50,64737,819],{"class":64},[50,64739,80],{"class":68},[50,64741,645],{"class":64},[50,64743,64744,64746,64748,64750,64752,64754],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,64745,118],{"class":94},[50,64747,98],{"class":64},[50,64749,437],{"class":557},[50,64751,98],{"class":64},[50,64753,9284],{"class":101},[50,64755,478],{"class":64},[20,64757,64758],{},"returns the keys, not the values.",[20,64760,920,64761,64764],{},[15,64762,64763],{},"list(data.values())"," if you want values.",[222,64766,64768],{"id":64767},"thinking-list-makes-a-deep-copy","Thinking list() makes a deep copy",[20,64770,64771,64773],{},[15,64772,24849],{}," copies the outer list only.",[20,64775,64776],{},"If the list contains nested mutable items, those inner items are still shared.",[36,64778,1913],{"id":1912},[222,64780,5258,64782,64784],{"id":64781},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-list",[50,64783],{}," and list()?",[20,64786,64787,64788,64790,64791,64793],{},"Both create a new empty list. ",[15,64789,3868],{}," is shorter. ",[15,64792,24849],{}," is often used when converting another iterable.",[222,64795,64797],{"id":64796},"why-does-listabc-split-the-string-into-characters","Why does list(\"abc\") split the string into characters?",[20,64799,64800,64801,64803],{},"A string is iterable, so ",[15,64802,24849],{}," takes each character one at a time.",[222,64805,64807],{"id":64806},"what-does-list-return-for-a-dictionary","What does list() return for a dictionary?",[20,64809,64810],{},"It returns a list of the dictionary keys.",[222,64812,64814],{"id":64813},"does-list-copy-a-list","Does list() copy a list?",[20,64816,64817],{},"Yes, but it makes a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[222,64819,64821],{"id":64820},"why-does-list5-fail","Why does list(5) fail?",[20,64823,64824,64825,64827],{},"An integer is not iterable, so ",[15,64826,24849],{}," cannot loop through it.",[36,64829,1975],{"id":1974},[158,64831,64832,64836,64841,64845,64849,64853,64857,64862],{},[161,64833,64834],{},[421,64835,1909],{"href":1908},[161,64837,64838],{},[421,64839,64840],{"href":2013},"Python range() function explained",[161,64842,64843],{},[421,64844,63281],{"href":63280},[161,64846,64847],{},[421,64848,63611],{"href":63610},[161,64850,64851],{},[421,64852,5295],{"href":5664},[161,64854,64855],{},[421,64856,13863],{"href":13862},[161,64858,64859],{},[421,64860,64861],{"href":52669},"How to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[161,64863,64864],{},[421,64865,54347],{"href":53117},[2018,64867,64868],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":64870},[64871,64872,64873,64874,64875,64882,64883,64884,64889,64890,64897,64905],{"id":2104,"depth":86,"text":2105},{"id":62984,"depth":86,"text":62985},{"id":180,"depth":86,"text":181},{"id":59687,"depth":86,"text":59688},{"id":63211,"depth":86,"text":63212,"children":64876},[64877,64878,64879,64880,64881],{"id":63215,"depth":108,"text":63216},{"id":63284,"depth":108,"text":63285},{"id":63361,"depth":108,"text":63362},{"id":63436,"depth":108,"text":63437},{"id":63503,"depth":108,"text":63504},{"id":63614,"depth":86,"text":63615},{"id":63750,"depth":86,"text":63751},{"id":64050,"depth":86,"text":64051,"children":64885},[64886,64887,64888],{"id":64059,"depth":108,"text":64060},{"id":64149,"depth":108,"text":64150},{"id":64243,"depth":108,"text":64244},{"id":64358,"depth":86,"text":64359},{"id":4597,"depth":86,"text":4598,"children":64891},[64892,64893,64895,64896],{"id":64524,"depth":108,"text":64525},{"id":64591,"depth":108,"text":64894},"Expecting list(\"hello\") to return \"hello\"",{"id":64700,"depth":108,"text":64701},{"id":64767,"depth":108,"text":64768},{"id":1912,"depth":86,"text":1913,"children":64898},[64899,64901,64902,64903,64904],{"id":64781,"depth":108,"text":64900},"What is the difference between  and list()?",{"id":64796,"depth":108,"text":64797},{"id":64806,"depth":108,"text":64807},{"id":64813,"depth":108,"text":64814},{"id":64820,"depth":108,"text":64821},{"id":1974,"depth":86,"text":1975},"Master python list function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained",{"title":62818,"description":64906},"reference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained","YS2GFSTuQJD-E7GkMfcZR7-V24TSmh15u2hjKR2n6nE",{"id":64913,"title":64914,"body":64915,"description":66266,"extension":2064,"meta":66267,"navigation":111,"path":66268,"seo":66269,"stem":66270,"__hash__":66271},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method.md","Python List index() Method",{"type":7,"value":64916,"toc":66240},[64917,64922,64928,64937,64939,65012,65021,65026,65030,65046,65050,65052,65054,65073,65076,65104,65107,65132,65140,65142,65147,65154,65156,65213,65215,65223,65229,65233,65236,65309,65311,65319,65322,65345,65352,65358,65362,65368,65439,65441,65449,65458,65465,65472,65480,65624,65626,65643,65646,65685,65688,65692,65697,65699,65758,65764,65767,65874,65876,65891,65894,65901,65903,65907,66055,66058,66119,66122,66125,66146,66151,66155,66166,66169,66171,66176,66179,66187,66192,66198,66201,66207,66215,66217,66237],[10,64918,54411,64920,11397],{"id":64919},"python-list-index-method",[15,64921,59035],{},[20,64923,64924,64927],{},[15,64925,64926],{},"list.index()"," finds the position of a value in a list.",[20,64929,64930,64931,64934,64935,425],{},"Use it when you have a list and want to know where a specific item appears. It returns the index of the ",[3824,64932,64933],{},"first matching item",". If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,64936,40773],{},[36,64938,39],{"id":38},[41,64940,64942],{"className":43,"code":64941,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = items.index(\"banana\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,64943,64944,64976,64999],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,64945,64946,64948,64950,64952,64954,64956,64958,64960,64962,64964,64966,64968,64970,64972,64974],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,64947,7859],{"class":56},[50,64949,61],{"class":60},[50,64951,65],{"class":64},[50,64953,811],{"class":604},[50,64955,1049],{"class":608},[50,64957,811],{"class":604},[50,64959,72],{"class":64},[50,64961,700],{"class":604},[50,64963,1058],{"class":608},[50,64965,811],{"class":604},[50,64967,72],{"class":64},[50,64969,700],{"class":604},[50,64971,1067],{"class":608},[50,64973,811],{"class":604},[50,64975,83],{"class":64},[50,64977,64978,64981,64983,64985,64987,64989,64991,64993,64995,64997],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,64979,64980],{"class":56},"position ",[50,64982,61],{"class":60},[50,64984,6043],{"class":56},[50,64986,425],{"class":64},[50,64988,35915],{"class":101},[50,64990,98],{"class":64},[50,64992,811],{"class":604},[50,64994,1058],{"class":608},[50,64996,811],{"class":604},[50,64998,105],{"class":64},[50,65000,65001,65003,65005,65008,65010],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,65002,118],{"class":94},[50,65004,98],{"class":64},[50,65006,65007],{"class":101},"position",[50,65009,126],{"class":64},[50,65011,27849],{"class":129},[20,65013,920,65014,65017,65018,65020],{},[15,65015,65016],{},"list.index(value)"," to get the position of the first matching item. It raises ",[15,65019,40773],{}," if the item is not found.",[36,65022,153,65024,156],{"id":65023},"what-listindex-does",[15,65025,64926],{},[20,65027,65028,819],{},[15,65029,64926],{},[158,65031,65032,65035,65038,65043],{},[161,65033,65034],{},"Finds the position of a value in a list",[161,65036,65037],{},"Returns the index of the first matching item",[161,65039,65040,65041],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at position ",[15,65042,2220],{},[161,65044,65045],{},"Works only if the value exists in the list",[20,65047,54636,65048,425],{},[421,65049,1909],{"href":54639},[36,65051,181],{"id":180},[20,65053,30794],{},[41,65055,65057],{"className":43,"code":65056,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_list.index(value)\n",[15,65058,65059],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,65060,65061,65063,65065,65067,65069,65071],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,65062,8418],{"class":56},[50,65064,425],{"class":64},[50,65066,35915],{"class":101},[50,65068,98],{"class":64},[50,65070,2570],{"class":101},[50,65072,105],{"class":64},[20,65074,65075],{},"You can also limit the search:",[41,65077,65079],{"className":43,"code":65078,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_list.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,65080,65081],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,65082,65083,65085,65087,65089,65091,65093,65095,65097,65099,65102],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,65084,8418],{"class":56},[50,65086,425],{"class":64},[50,65088,35915],{"class":101},[50,65090,98],{"class":64},[50,65092,2570],{"class":101},[50,65094,72],{"class":64},[50,65096,36121],{"class":101},[50,65098,72],{"class":64},[50,65100,65101],{"class":101}," end",[50,65103,105],{"class":64},[20,65105,65106],{},"Here is what each part means:",[158,65108,65109,65114,65119,65124],{},[161,65110,65111,65113],{},[15,65112,2570],{},": the item to search for",[161,65115,65116,65118],{},[15,65117,36142],{},": where the search begins",[161,65120,65121,65123],{},[15,65122,52730],{},": where the search stops",[161,65125,65126,4862,65128,65131],{},[15,65127,52730],{},[3824,65129,65130],{},"not included"," in the search range",[20,65133,65134,65135,65137,65138,425],{},"This means Python searches from ",[15,65136,36142],{}," up to, but not including, ",[15,65139,52730],{},[36,65141,38090],{"id":38089},[20,65143,65144,65146],{},[15,65145,64926],{}," returns an integer.",[20,65148,65149,65150,65153],{},"That integer is the position of the ",[3824,65151,65152],{},"first match"," in the list.",[20,65155,1602],{},[41,65157,65159],{"className":43,"code":65158,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = numbers.index(20)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,65160,65161,65181,65199,65203],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,65162,65163,65165,65167,65169,65171,65173,65175,65177,65179],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,65164,57],{"class":56},[50,65166,61],{"class":60},[50,65168,65],{"class":64},[50,65170,1618],{"class":68},[50,65172,72],{"class":64},[50,65174,840],{"class":68},[50,65176,72],{"class":64},[50,65178,1627],{"class":68},[50,65180,83],{"class":64},[50,65182,65183,65185,65187,65189,65191,65193,65195,65197],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,65184,89],{"class":56},[50,65186,61],{"class":60},[50,65188,4341],{"class":56},[50,65190,425],{"class":64},[50,65192,35915],{"class":101},[50,65194,98],{"class":64},[50,65196,15826],{"class":68},[50,65198,105],{"class":64},[50,65200,65201],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,65202,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,65204,65205,65207,65209,65211],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,65206,118],{"class":94},[50,65208,98],{"class":64},[50,65210,123],{"class":101},[50,65212,105],{"class":64},[20,65214,353],{},[41,65216,65217],{"className":43,"code":46987,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,65218,65219],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,65220,65221],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,65222,46987],{"class":68},[20,65224,65225,65226,65228],{},"If the same value appears more than once, ",[15,65227,59035],{}," still returns only the first matching position.",[36,65230,65232],{"id":65231},"example-find-an-item-in-a-list","Example: find an item in a list",[20,65234,65235],{},"Here is a simple example with strings:",[41,65237,65239],{"className":43,"code":65238,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = fruits.index(\"cherry\")\n\nprint(position)\n",[15,65240,65241,65273,65295,65299],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,65242,65243,65245,65247,65249,65251,65253,65255,65257,65259,65261,65263,65265,65267,65269,65271],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,65244,36307],{"class":56},[50,65246,61],{"class":60},[50,65248,65],{"class":64},[50,65250,811],{"class":604},[50,65252,1049],{"class":608},[50,65254,811],{"class":604},[50,65256,72],{"class":64},[50,65258,700],{"class":604},[50,65260,1058],{"class":608},[50,65262,811],{"class":604},[50,65264,72],{"class":64},[50,65266,700],{"class":604},[50,65268,1067],{"class":608},[50,65270,811],{"class":604},[50,65272,83],{"class":64},[50,65274,65275,65277,65279,65281,65283,65285,65287,65289,65291,65293],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,65276,64980],{"class":56},[50,65278,61],{"class":60},[50,65280,52920],{"class":56},[50,65282,425],{"class":64},[50,65284,35915],{"class":101},[50,65286,98],{"class":64},[50,65288,811],{"class":604},[50,65290,1067],{"class":608},[50,65292,811],{"class":604},[50,65294,105],{"class":64},[50,65296,65297],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,65298,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,65300,65301,65303,65305,65307],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,65302,118],{"class":94},[50,65304,98],{"class":64},[50,65306,65007],{"class":101},[50,65308,105],{"class":64},[20,65310,353],{},[41,65312,65313],{"className":43,"code":17128,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,65314,65315],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,65316,65317],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,65318,17128],{"class":68},[20,65320,65321],{},"In this list:",[158,65323,65324,65331,65338],{},[161,65325,65326,65328,65329],{},[15,65327,57900],{}," is at index ",[15,65330,2220],{},[161,65332,65333,65328,65336],{},[15,65334,65335],{},"\"banana\"",[15,65337,366],{},[161,65339,65340,65328,65343],{},[15,65341,65342],{},"\"cherry\"",[15,65344,1564],{},[20,65346,53722,65347,2494,65350,425],{},[15,65348,65349],{},"fruits.index(\"cherry\")",[15,65351,1564],{},[20,65353,51612,65354,425],{},[421,65355,65357],{"href":65356},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python","how to find an item in a list in Python",[36,65359,65361],{"id":65360},"example-list-with-duplicate-values","Example: list with duplicate values",[20,65363,65364,65365,65367],{},"If a list contains the same value more than once, ",[15,65366,59035],{}," returns the first match only.",[41,65369,65371],{"className":43,"code":65370,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\n\nprint(colors.index(\"red\"))\n",[15,65372,65373,65413,65417],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,65374,65375,65377,65379,65381,65383,65385,65387,65389,65391,65393,65395,65397,65399,65401,65403,65405,65407,65409,65411],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,65376,13149],{"class":56},[50,65378,61],{"class":60},[50,65380,65],{"class":64},[50,65382,811],{"class":604},[50,65384,13166],{"class":608},[50,65386,811],{"class":604},[50,65388,72],{"class":64},[50,65390,700],{"class":604},[50,65392,13183],{"class":608},[50,65394,811],{"class":604},[50,65396,72],{"class":64},[50,65398,700],{"class":604},[50,65400,13166],{"class":608},[50,65402,811],{"class":604},[50,65404,72],{"class":64},[50,65406,700],{"class":604},[50,65408,17525],{"class":608},[50,65410,811],{"class":604},[50,65412,83],{"class":64},[50,65414,65415],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,65416,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,65418,65419,65421,65423,65425,65427,65429,65431,65433,65435,65437],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,65420,118],{"class":94},[50,65422,98],{"class":64},[50,65424,17572],{"class":101},[50,65426,425],{"class":64},[50,65428,35915],{"class":101},[50,65430,98],{"class":64},[50,65432,811],{"class":604},[50,65434,13166],{"class":608},[50,65436,811],{"class":604},[50,65438,478],{"class":64},[20,65440,353],{},[41,65442,65443],{"className":43,"code":47322,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,65444,65445],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,65446,65447],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,65448,47322],{"class":68},[20,65450,21047,65451,65454,65455,65457],{},[15,65452,65453],{},"\"red\""," appears again later, Python returns ",[15,65456,2220],{}," because that is the first matching position.",[20,65459,65460,65461,425],{},"If you need to count how many times a value appears, use ",[421,65462,55588,65463,10816],{"href":59094},[15,65464,57357],{},[36,65466,914,65468,4472,65470],{"id":65467},"using-start-and-end",[15,65469,36142],{},[15,65471,52730],{},[20,65473,65474,65475,4472,65477,65479],{},"The optional ",[15,65476,36142],{},[15,65478,52730],{}," arguments let you search only part of a list.",[41,65481,65483],{"className":43,"code":65482,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\"]\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # first match\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # search starting at index 2\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4))  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[15,65484,65485,65533,65537,65562,65591],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,65486,65487,65489,65491,65493,65495,65497,65499,65501,65503,65505,65507,65509,65511,65513,65515,65517,65519,65521,65523,65525,65527,65529,65531],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,65488,36160],{"class":56},[50,65490,61],{"class":60},[50,65492,65],{"class":64},[50,65494,811],{"class":604},[50,65496,421],{"class":608},[50,65498,811],{"class":604},[50,65500,72],{"class":64},[50,65502,700],{"class":604},[50,65504,4839],{"class":608},[50,65506,811],{"class":604},[50,65508,72],{"class":64},[50,65510,700],{"class":604},[50,65512,9817],{"class":608},[50,65514,811],{"class":604},[50,65516,72],{"class":64},[50,65518,700],{"class":604},[50,65520,4839],{"class":608},[50,65522,811],{"class":604},[50,65524,72],{"class":64},[50,65526,700],{"class":604},[50,65528,18837],{"class":608},[50,65530,811],{"class":604},[50,65532,83],{"class":64},[50,65534,65535],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,65536,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,65538,65539,65541,65543,65545,65547,65549,65551,65553,65555,65557,65559],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,65540,118],{"class":94},[50,65542,98],{"class":64},[50,65544,36213],{"class":101},[50,65546,425],{"class":64},[50,65548,35915],{"class":101},[50,65550,98],{"class":64},[50,65552,811],{"class":604},[50,65554,4839],{"class":608},[50,65556,811],{"class":604},[50,65558,5440],{"class":64},[50,65560,65561],{"class":129},"        # first match\n",[50,65563,65564,65566,65568,65570,65572,65574,65576,65578,65580,65582,65584,65586,65588],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,65565,118],{"class":94},[50,65567,98],{"class":64},[50,65569,36213],{"class":101},[50,65571,425],{"class":64},[50,65573,35915],{"class":101},[50,65575,98],{"class":64},[50,65577,811],{"class":604},[50,65579,4839],{"class":608},[50,65581,811],{"class":604},[50,65583,72],{"class":64},[50,65585,80],{"class":68},[50,65587,5440],{"class":64},[50,65589,65590],{"class":129},"     # search starting at index 2\n",[50,65592,65593,65595,65597,65599,65601,65603,65605,65607,65609,65611,65613,65615,65617,65619,65621],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,65594,118],{"class":94},[50,65596,98],{"class":64},[50,65598,36213],{"class":101},[50,65600,425],{"class":64},[50,65602,35915],{"class":101},[50,65604,98],{"class":64},[50,65606,811],{"class":604},[50,65608,4839],{"class":608},[50,65610,811],{"class":604},[50,65612,72],{"class":64},[50,65614,75],{"class":68},[50,65616,72],{"class":64},[50,65618,2554],{"class":68},[50,65620,5440],{"class":64},[50,65622,65623],{"class":129},"  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[20,65625,353],{},[41,65627,65629],{"className":43,"code":65628,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"1\n3\n1\n",[15,65630,65631,65635,65639],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,65632,65633],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,65634,46987],{"class":68},[50,65636,65637],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,65638,46687],{"class":68},[50,65640,65641],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,65642,46987],{"class":68},[20,65644,65645],{},"How this works:",[158,65647,65648,65660,65673],{},[161,65649,65650,65653,65654,65657,65658],{},[15,65651,65652],{},"letters.index(\"b\")"," searches the whole list and returns the first ",[15,65655,65656],{},"\"b\""," at index ",[15,65659,366],{},[161,65661,65662,65665,65666,65668,65669,65657,65671],{},[15,65663,65664],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 2)"," starts searching at index ",[15,65667,1564],{},", so it finds the next ",[15,65670,65656],{},[15,65672,69],{},[161,65674,65675,65678,65679,31,65681,17144,65683],{},[15,65676,65677],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4)"," searches indexes ",[15,65680,366],{},[15,65682,1564],{},[15,65684,69],{},[20,65686,65687],{},"This is useful when you want to skip earlier items and find a later match.",[36,65689,65691],{"id":65690},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-missing","What happens if the value is missing",[20,65693,65694,65695,425],{},"If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,65696,40773],{},[20,65698,1602],{},[41,65700,65702],{"className":43,"code":65701,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(items.index(\"orange\"))\n",[15,65703,65704,65736],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,65705,65706,65708,65710,65712,65714,65716,65718,65720,65722,65724,65726,65728,65730,65732,65734],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,65707,7859],{"class":56},[50,65709,61],{"class":60},[50,65711,65],{"class":64},[50,65713,811],{"class":604},[50,65715,1049],{"class":608},[50,65717,811],{"class":604},[50,65719,72],{"class":64},[50,65721,700],{"class":604},[50,65723,1058],{"class":608},[50,65725,811],{"class":604},[50,65727,72],{"class":64},[50,65729,700],{"class":604},[50,65731,1067],{"class":608},[50,65733,811],{"class":604},[50,65735,83],{"class":64},[50,65737,65738,65740,65742,65744,65746,65748,65750,65752,65754,65756],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,65739,118],{"class":94},[50,65741,98],{"class":64},[50,65743,7888],{"class":101},[50,65745,425],{"class":64},[50,65747,35915],{"class":101},[50,65749,98],{"class":64},[50,65751,811],{"class":604},[50,65753,33291],{"class":608},[50,65755,811],{"class":604},[50,65757,478],{"class":64},[20,65759,39722,65760,65763],{},[15,65761,65762],{},"\"orange\""," is not in the list.",[20,65765,65766],{},"A safer approach is to check first:",[41,65768,65770],{"className":43,"code":65769,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nsearch_value = \"orange\"\n\nif search_value in items:\n    print(items.index(search_value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Item not found\")\n",[15,65771,65772,65804,65817,65821,65834,65853,65859],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,65773,65774,65776,65778,65780,65782,65784,65786,65788,65790,65792,65794,65796,65798,65800,65802],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,65775,7859],{"class":56},[50,65777,61],{"class":60},[50,65779,65],{"class":64},[50,65781,811],{"class":604},[50,65783,1049],{"class":608},[50,65785,811],{"class":604},[50,65787,72],{"class":64},[50,65789,700],{"class":604},[50,65791,1058],{"class":608},[50,65793,811],{"class":604},[50,65795,72],{"class":64},[50,65797,700],{"class":604},[50,65799,1067],{"class":608},[50,65801,811],{"class":604},[50,65803,83],{"class":64},[50,65805,65806,65809,65811,65813,65815],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,65807,65808],{"class":56},"search_value ",[50,65810,61],{"class":60},[50,65812,700],{"class":604},[50,65814,33291],{"class":608},[50,65816,705],{"class":604},[50,65818,65819],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,65820,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,65822,65823,65825,65828,65830,65832],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,65824,7076],{"class":3957},[50,65826,65827],{"class":56}," search_value ",[50,65829,3964],{"class":60},[50,65831,6043],{"class":56},[50,65833,6470],{"class":64},[50,65835,65836,65838,65840,65842,65844,65846,65848,65851],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,65837,8148],{"class":94},[50,65839,98],{"class":64},[50,65841,7888],{"class":101},[50,65843,425],{"class":64},[50,65845,35915],{"class":101},[50,65847,98],{"class":64},[50,65849,65850],{"class":101},"search_value",[50,65852,478],{"class":64},[50,65854,65855,65857],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,65856,27503],{"class":3957},[50,65858,6470],{"class":64},[50,65860,65861,65863,65865,65867,65870,65872],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,65862,8148],{"class":94},[50,65864,98],{"class":64},[50,65866,811],{"class":604},[50,65868,65869],{"class":608},"Item not found",[50,65871,811],{"class":604},[50,65873,105],{"class":64},[20,65875,353],{},[41,65877,65879],{"className":43,"code":65878,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Item not found\n",[15,65880,65881],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,65882,65883,65886,65888],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,65884,65885],{"class":56},"Item ",[50,65887,4709],{"class":60},[50,65889,65890],{"class":56}," found\n",[20,65892,65893],{},"This avoids the error and makes your code easier to understand.",[20,65895,65896,65897,425],{},"If you want more help with this kind of problem, see ",[421,65898,65900],{"href":65899},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes","ValueError in Python: causes and fixes",[36,65902,4598],{"id":4597},[20,65904,21281,65905,819],{},[15,65906,64926],{},[158,65908,65909,65927,65939,65999],{},[161,65910,25843,65911,2494,65913,65916,65917,65919,65920,5239,65922,65924,65925,425],{},[15,65912,59035],{},[15,65914,65915],{},"-1"," if the item is missing",[9924,65918],{},"\nPython does ",[3824,65921,4709],{},[15,65923,65915],{},". It raises ",[15,65926,40773],{},[161,65928,65929,65930,65932,65935,65936,65938],{},"Confusing the item value with the item position",[9924,65931],{},[15,65933,65934],{},"my_list.index(\"banana\")"," returns the position of ",[15,65937,65335],{},", not the value itself.",[161,65940,914,65941,1940,65944,65946,65948,65949,16727,65951,65974,16715,65976],{},[15,65942,65943],{},"index[]",[15,65945,59035],{},[9924,65947],{},"\nThis is a method call, so you must use parentheses.",[9924,65950],{},[41,65952,65954],{"className":43,"code":65953,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items.index(\"banana\")\n",[15,65955,65956],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,65957,65958,65960,65962,65964,65966,65968,65970,65972],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,65959,7888],{"class":56},[50,65961,425],{"class":64},[50,65963,35915],{"class":101},[50,65965,98],{"class":64},[50,65967,811],{"class":604},[50,65969,1058],{"class":608},[50,65971,811],{"class":604},[50,65973,105],{"class":64},[9924,65975],{},[41,65977,65979],{"className":43,"code":65978,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items.index[\"banana\"]\n",[15,65980,65981],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,65982,65983,65985,65987,65989,65991,65993,65995,65997],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,65984,7888],{"class":56},[50,65986,425],{"class":64},[50,65988,35915],{"class":1400},[50,65990,363],{"class":64},[50,65992,811],{"class":604},[50,65994,1058],{"class":608},[50,65996,811],{"class":604},[50,65998,83],{"class":64},[161,66000,66001,66002,66004,4472,66007,66009,66010],{},"Searching with the wrong type",[9924,66003],{},[15,66005,66006],{},"\"3\"",[15,66008,69],{}," are different values in Python.",[41,66011,66013],{"className":43,"code":66012,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\"3\" in numbers)  # False\n",[15,66014,66015,66035],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,66016,66017,66019,66021,66023,66025,66027,66029,66031,66033],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,66018,57],{"class":56},[50,66020,61],{"class":60},[50,66022,65],{"class":64},[50,66024,366],{"class":68},[50,66026,72],{"class":64},[50,66028,80],{"class":68},[50,66030,72],{"class":64},[50,66032,500],{"class":68},[50,66034,83],{"class":64},[50,66036,66037,66039,66041,66043,66045,66047,66049,66051,66053],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,66038,118],{"class":94},[50,66040,98],{"class":64},[50,66042,811],{"class":604},[50,66044,69],{"class":608},[50,66046,811],{"class":604},[50,66048,21243],{"class":3957},[50,66050,4341],{"class":101},[50,66052,126],{"class":64},[50,66054,4850],{"class":129},[20,66056,66057],{},"If your code is not working, these quick checks can help:",[41,66059,66061],{"className":43,"code":66060,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(search_value))\nprint(search_value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.index(search_value))\n",[15,66062,66063,66073,66087,66101],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,66064,66065,66067,66069,66071],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,66066,118],{"class":94},[50,66068,98],{"class":64},[50,66070,8418],{"class":101},[50,66072,105],{"class":64},[50,66074,66075,66077,66079,66081,66083,66085],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,66076,118],{"class":94},[50,66078,98],{"class":64},[50,66080,558],{"class":557},[50,66082,98],{"class":64},[50,66084,65850],{"class":101},[50,66086,478],{"class":64},[50,66088,66089,66091,66093,66095,66097,66099],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,66090,118],{"class":94},[50,66092,98],{"class":64},[50,66094,65808],{"class":101},[50,66096,3964],{"class":3957},[50,66098,8475],{"class":101},[50,66100,105],{"class":64},[50,66102,66103,66105,66107,66109,66111,66113,66115,66117],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,66104,118],{"class":94},[50,66106,98],{"class":64},[50,66108,8418],{"class":101},[50,66110,425],{"class":64},[50,66112,35915],{"class":101},[50,66114,98],{"class":64},[50,66116,65850],{"class":101},[50,66118,478],{"class":64},[20,66120,66121],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will still raise an error if the value is missing.",[20,66123,66124],{},"Common causes of problems include:",[158,66126,66127,66130,66137,66143],{},[161,66128,66129],{},"The searched value is not in the list",[161,66131,66132,66133,1940,66135],{},"The value exists but has a different type, such as ",[15,66134,66006],{},[15,66136,69],{},[161,66138,66139,66140,66142],{},"The code expects all matches, but ",[15,66141,59035],{}," returns only the first one",[161,66144,66145],{},"Parentheses were forgotten when calling the method",[36,66147,5040,66149],{"id":66148},"when-to-use-index",[15,66150,59035],{},[20,66152,920,66153,1504],{},[15,66154,59035],{},[158,66156,66157,66160,66163],{},[161,66158,66159],{},"You need the position of a known value",[161,66161,66162],{},"You are working with a small list",[161,66164,66165],{},"You only need the first matching position",[20,66167,66168],{},"Do not use it when you need every matching position. In that case, a loop or list comprehension is a better choice.",[36,66170,1913],{"id":1912},[222,66172,1927,66174,5224],{"id":66173},"what-does-listindex-return-in-python",[15,66175,64926],{},[20,66177,66178],{},"It returns the index of the first matching item in the list.",[222,66180,1917,66182,5239,66184,66186],{"id":66181},"does-listindex-return-1-if-the-value-is-not-found",[15,66183,64926],{},[15,66185,65915],{}," if the value is not found?",[20,66188,66189,66190,6709],{},"No. It raises ",[15,66191,40773],{},[222,66193,5248,66195,66197],{"id":66194},"can-listindex-find-all-matching-items",[15,66196,64926],{}," find all matching items?",[20,66199,66200],{},"No. It returns only the first match.",[222,66202,66204,66205,1943],{"id":66203},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-list-with-index","Can I search only part of a list with ",[15,66206,59035],{},[20,66208,66209,66210,4472,66212,66214],{},"Yes. You can use the optional ",[15,66211,36142],{},[15,66213,52730],{}," arguments.",[36,66216,1975],{"id":1974},[158,66218,66219,66223,66227,66231],{},[161,66220,66221],{},[421,66222,59023],{"href":65356},[161,66224,66225],{},[421,66226,1909],{"href":54639},[161,66228,66229],{},[421,66230,65900],{"href":65899},[161,66232,66233],{},[421,66234,55588,66235,10816],{"href":59094},[15,66236,57357],{},[2018,66238,66239],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":66241},[66242,66243,66245,66246,66247,66248,66249,66251,66252,66253,66255,66265],{"id":38,"depth":86,"text":39},{"id":65023,"depth":86,"text":66244},"What list.index() does",{"id":180,"depth":86,"text":181},{"id":38089,"depth":86,"text":38090},{"id":65231,"depth":86,"text":65232},{"id":65360,"depth":86,"text":65361},{"id":65467,"depth":86,"text":66250},"Using start and end",{"id":65690,"depth":86,"text":65691},{"id":4597,"depth":86,"text":4598},{"id":66148,"depth":86,"text":66254},"When to use index()",{"id":1912,"depth":86,"text":1913,"children":66256},[66257,66259,66261,66263],{"id":66173,"depth":108,"text":66258},"What does list.index() return in Python?",{"id":66181,"depth":108,"text":66260},"Does list.index() return -1 if the value is not found?",{"id":66194,"depth":108,"text":66262},"Can list.index() find all matching items?",{"id":66203,"depth":108,"text":66264},"Can I search only part of a list with index()?",{"id":1974,"depth":86,"text":1975},"Master python list index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method",{"title":64914,"description":66266},"reference\u002Fpython-list-index-method","AmwxQ3VBBVSHTCmxaOPqq2Gy26F_doVR46oMWCVmI50",{"id":66273,"title":66274,"body":66275,"description":68217,"extension":2064,"meta":68218,"navigation":111,"path":68219,"seo":68220,"stem":68221,"__hash__":68222},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method.md","Python List insert() Method",{"type":7,"value":66276,"toc":68177},[66277,66282,66287,66290,66299,66356,66362,66367,66371,66385,66391,66393,66416,66433,66435,66496,66498,66530,66543,66545,66548,66648,66650,66728,66734,66738,66746,66750,66756,66811,66813,66837,66841,66844,66897,66899,66923,66927,66930,66983,66985,67009,67013,67019,67090,67092,67133,67139,67146,67149,67154,67162,67167,67175,67177,67274,67276,67345,67352,67357,67359,67363,67368,67370,67441,67443,67472,67478,67480,67507,67510,67533,67537,67540,67562,67565,67588,67590,67650,67652,67684,67690,67695,67748,67750,67775,67778,67827,67829,67850,67854,67859,67862,67917,67919,67946,67953,67957,67962,68033,68036,68050,68055,68060,68062,68076,68088,68093,68095,68100,68105,68109,68112,68118,68124,68131,68139,68141,68174],[10,66278,54411,66280,11397],{"id":66279},"python-list-insert-method",[15,66281,54337],{},[20,66283,66284,66286],{},[15,66285,53980],{}," adds an item to a list at a specific position.",[20,66288,66289],{},"This method is useful when the position matters. For example, you may want to add a new value at the beginning of a list, in the middle, or just before the last item.",[20,66291,920,66292,66294,66295,425],{},[15,66293,54337],{}," when you need to place an item at a chosen index. If you only want to add an item at the end, see the ",[421,66296,55588,66297,10816],{"href":56836},[15,66298,52722],{},[41,66300,66302],{"className":43,"code":66301,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 4]\nnumbers.insert(2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,66303,66304,66324,66342,66352],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,66305,66306,66308,66310,66312,66314,66316,66318,66320,66322],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,66307,57],{"class":56},[50,66309,61],{"class":60},[50,66311,65],{"class":64},[50,66313,366],{"class":68},[50,66315,72],{"class":64},[50,66317,80],{"class":68},[50,66319,72],{"class":64},[50,66321,2554],{"class":68},[50,66323,83],{"class":64},[50,66325,66326,66328,66330,66332,66334,66336,66338,66340],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,66327,102],{"class":56},[50,66329,425],{"class":64},[50,66331,54020],{"class":101},[50,66333,98],{"class":64},[50,66335,1564],{"class":68},[50,66337,72],{"class":64},[50,66339,500],{"class":68},[50,66341,105],{"class":64},[50,66343,66344,66346,66348,66350],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,66345,118],{"class":94},[50,66347,98],{"class":64},[50,66349,102],{"class":101},[50,66351,105],{"class":64},[50,66353,66354],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,66355,52793],{"class":129},[20,66357,920,66358,66361],{},[15,66359,66360],{},"list.insert(index, value)"," to add an item at a specific position.",[36,66363,153,66365,156],{"id":66364},"what-listinsert-does",[15,66366,53980],{},[20,66368,66369,819],{},[15,66370,53980],{},[158,66372,66373,66376,66379,66381],{},[161,66374,66375],{},"Adds one item into a list at a chosen position",[161,66377,66378],{},"Shifts existing items to the right",[161,66380,54497],{},[161,66382,11499,66383],{},[15,66384,208],{},[20,66386,66387,66388,66390],{},"That last point is important. ",[15,66389,54337],{}," does not create a new list.",[36,66392,5510],{"id":5509},[41,66394,66396],{"className":43,"code":66395,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_list.insert(index, item)\n",[15,66397,66398],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,66399,66400,66402,66404,66406,66408,66410,66412,66414],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,66401,8418],{"class":56},[50,66403,425],{"class":64},[50,66405,54020],{"class":101},[50,66407,98],{"class":64},[50,66409,35915],{"class":101},[50,66411,72],{"class":64},[50,66413,29576],{"class":101},[50,66415,105],{"class":64},[158,66417,66418,66423,66428],{},[161,66419,66420,66422],{},[15,66421,35915],{}," is the position where the new item should go",[161,66424,66425,66427],{},[15,66426,23379],{}," is the value to add",[161,66429,66430,66431],{},"The first list position is index ",[15,66432,2220],{},[20,66434,1602],{},[41,66436,66438],{"className":43,"code":66437,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,66439,66440,66464,66486],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,66441,66442,66444,66446,66448,66450,66452,66454,66456,66458,66460,66462],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,66443,36160],{"class":56},[50,66445,61],{"class":60},[50,66447,65],{"class":64},[50,66449,811],{"class":604},[50,66451,421],{"class":608},[50,66453,811],{"class":604},[50,66455,72],{"class":64},[50,66457,700],{"class":604},[50,66459,9817],{"class":608},[50,66461,811],{"class":604},[50,66463,83],{"class":64},[50,66465,66466,66468,66470,66472,66474,66476,66478,66480,66482,66484],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,66467,36213],{"class":56},[50,66469,425],{"class":64},[50,66471,54020],{"class":101},[50,66473,98],{"class":64},[50,66475,366],{"class":68},[50,66477,72],{"class":64},[50,66479,700],{"class":604},[50,66481,4839],{"class":608},[50,66483,811],{"class":604},[50,66485,105],{"class":64},[50,66487,66488,66490,66492,66494],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,66489,118],{"class":94},[50,66491,98],{"class":64},[50,66493,36213],{"class":101},[50,66495,105],{"class":64},[20,66497,353],{},[41,66499,66500],{"className":43,"code":42944,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,66501,66502],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,66503,66504,66506,66508,66510,66512,66514,66516,66518,66520,66522,66524,66526,66528],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,66505,363],{"class":64},[50,66507,611],{"class":604},[50,66509,421],{"class":608},[50,66511,611],{"class":604},[50,66513,72],{"class":64},[50,66515,605],{"class":604},[50,66517,4839],{"class":608},[50,66519,611],{"class":604},[50,66521,72],{"class":64},[50,66523,605],{"class":604},[50,66525,9817],{"class":608},[50,66527,611],{"class":604},[50,66529,83],{"class":64},[20,66531,1325,66532,66534,66535,66537,66538,4472,66540,425],{},[15,66533,65656],{}," is inserted at index ",[15,66536,366],{},", so it appears between ",[15,66539,18165],{},[15,66541,66542],{},"\"c\"",[36,66544,5864],{"id":5863},[20,66546,66547],{},"Here is a simple before-and-after example:",[41,66549,66551],{"className":43,"code":66550,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\"Before:\", colors)\n\ncolors.insert(1, \"yellow\")\nprint(\"After: \", colors)\n",[15,66552,66553,66585,66603,66607,66629],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,66554,66555,66557,66559,66561,66563,66565,66567,66569,66571,66573,66575,66577,66579,66581,66583],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,66556,13149],{"class":56},[50,66558,61],{"class":60},[50,66560,65],{"class":64},[50,66562,811],{"class":604},[50,66564,13166],{"class":608},[50,66566,811],{"class":604},[50,66568,72],{"class":64},[50,66570,700],{"class":604},[50,66572,13183],{"class":608},[50,66574,811],{"class":604},[50,66576,72],{"class":64},[50,66578,700],{"class":604},[50,66580,17525],{"class":608},[50,66582,811],{"class":604},[50,66584,83],{"class":64},[50,66586,66587,66589,66591,66593,66595,66597,66599,66601],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,66588,118],{"class":94},[50,66590,98],{"class":64},[50,66592,811],{"class":604},[50,66594,11638],{"class":608},[50,66596,811],{"class":604},[50,66598,72],{"class":64},[50,66600,13197],{"class":101},[50,66602,105],{"class":64},[50,66604,66605],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,66606,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,66608,66609,66611,66613,66615,66617,66619,66621,66623,66625,66627],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,66610,17572],{"class":56},[50,66612,425],{"class":64},[50,66614,54020],{"class":101},[50,66616,98],{"class":64},[50,66618,366],{"class":68},[50,66620,72],{"class":64},[50,66622,700],{"class":604},[50,66624,22593],{"class":608},[50,66626,811],{"class":604},[50,66628,105],{"class":64},[50,66630,66631,66633,66635,66637,66640,66642,66644,66646],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,66632,118],{"class":94},[50,66634,98],{"class":64},[50,66636,811],{"class":604},[50,66638,66639],{"class":608},"After: ",[50,66641,811],{"class":604},[50,66643,72],{"class":64},[50,66645,13197],{"class":101},[50,66647,105],{"class":64},[20,66649,353],{},[41,66651,66653],{"className":43,"code":66652,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Before: ['red', 'blue', 'green']\nAfter:  ['red', 'yellow', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,66654,66655,66687],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,66656,66657,66659,66661,66663,66665,66667,66669,66671,66673,66675,66677,66679,66681,66683,66685],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,66658,11698],{"class":56},[50,66660,819],{"class":64},[50,66662,65],{"class":64},[50,66664,611],{"class":604},[50,66666,13166],{"class":608},[50,66668,611],{"class":604},[50,66670,72],{"class":64},[50,66672,605],{"class":604},[50,66674,13183],{"class":608},[50,66676,611],{"class":604},[50,66678,72],{"class":64},[50,66680,605],{"class":604},[50,66682,17525],{"class":608},[50,66684,611],{"class":604},[50,66686,83],{"class":64},[50,66688,66689,66691,66693,66696,66698,66700,66702,66704,66706,66708,66710,66712,66714,66716,66718,66720,66722,66724,66726],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,66690,11751],{"class":56},[50,66692,819],{"class":64},[50,66694,66695],{"class":64},"  [",[50,66697,611],{"class":604},[50,66699,13166],{"class":608},[50,66701,611],{"class":604},[50,66703,72],{"class":64},[50,66705,605],{"class":604},[50,66707,22593],{"class":608},[50,66709,611],{"class":604},[50,66711,72],{"class":64},[50,66713,605],{"class":604},[50,66715,13183],{"class":608},[50,66717,611],{"class":604},[50,66719,72],{"class":64},[50,66721,605],{"class":604},[50,66723,17525],{"class":608},[50,66725,611],{"class":604},[50,66727,83],{"class":64},[20,66729,66730,66731,66733],{},"The new value appears at index ",[15,66732,366],{},". The existing items from that position onward move one place to the right.",[36,66735,66737],{"id":66736},"how-the-index-works","How the index works",[20,66739,1185,66740,1455,66742,66745],{},[15,66741,35915],{},[15,66743,66744],{},"insert(index, item)"," controls where the new item is placed.",[222,66747,66749],{"id":66748},"insert-at-the-beginning","Insert at the beginning",[20,66751,66752,66753,66755],{},"Use index ",[15,66754,2220],{}," to add an item at the start of the list.",[41,66757,66759],{"className":43,"code":66758,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"nums = [2, 3, 4]\nnums.insert(0, 1)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66760,66761,66782,66801],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,66762,66763,66766,66768,66770,66772,66774,66776,66778,66780],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,66764,66765],{"class":56},"nums ",[50,66767,61],{"class":60},[50,66769,65],{"class":64},[50,66771,1564],{"class":68},[50,66773,72],{"class":64},[50,66775,500],{"class":68},[50,66777,72],{"class":64},[50,66779,2554],{"class":68},[50,66781,83],{"class":64},[50,66783,66784,66787,66789,66791,66793,66795,66797,66799],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,66785,66786],{"class":56},"nums",[50,66788,425],{"class":64},[50,66790,54020],{"class":101},[50,66792,98],{"class":64},[50,66794,2220],{"class":68},[50,66796,72],{"class":64},[50,66798,75],{"class":68},[50,66800,105],{"class":64},[50,66802,66803,66805,66807,66809],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,66804,118],{"class":94},[50,66806,98],{"class":64},[50,66808,66786],{"class":101},[50,66810,105],{"class":64},[20,66812,353],{},[41,66814,66815],{"className":43,"code":53574,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,66816,66817],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,66818,66819,66821,66823,66825,66827,66829,66831,66833,66835],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,66820,363],{"class":64},[50,66822,366],{"class":68},[50,66824,72],{"class":64},[50,66826,80],{"class":68},[50,66828,72],{"class":64},[50,66830,500],{"class":68},[50,66832,72],{"class":64},[50,66834,2554],{"class":68},[50,66836,83],{"class":64},[222,66838,66840],{"id":66839},"insert-in-the-middle","Insert in the middle",[20,66842,66843],{},"A middle index inserts between existing items.",[41,66845,66847],{"className":43,"code":66846,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"nums = [1, 2, 4]\nnums.insert(2, 3)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66848,66849,66869,66887],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,66850,66851,66853,66855,66857,66859,66861,66863,66865,66867],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,66852,66765],{"class":56},[50,66854,61],{"class":60},[50,66856,65],{"class":64},[50,66858,366],{"class":68},[50,66860,72],{"class":64},[50,66862,80],{"class":68},[50,66864,72],{"class":64},[50,66866,2554],{"class":68},[50,66868,83],{"class":64},[50,66870,66871,66873,66875,66877,66879,66881,66883,66885],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,66872,66786],{"class":56},[50,66874,425],{"class":64},[50,66876,54020],{"class":101},[50,66878,98],{"class":64},[50,66880,1564],{"class":68},[50,66882,72],{"class":64},[50,66884,500],{"class":68},[50,66886,105],{"class":64},[50,66888,66889,66891,66893,66895],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,66890,118],{"class":94},[50,66892,98],{"class":64},[50,66894,66786],{"class":101},[50,66896,105],{"class":64},[20,66898,353],{},[41,66900,66901],{"className":43,"code":53574,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,66902,66903],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,66904,66905,66907,66909,66911,66913,66915,66917,66919,66921],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,66906,363],{"class":64},[50,66908,366],{"class":68},[50,66910,72],{"class":64},[50,66912,80],{"class":68},[50,66914,72],{"class":64},[50,66916,500],{"class":68},[50,66918,72],{"class":64},[50,66920,2554],{"class":68},[50,66922,83],{"class":64},[222,66924,66926],{"id":66925},"insert-past-the-end","Insert past the end",[20,66928,66929],{},"If the index is greater than the list length, Python adds the item at the end.",[41,66931,66933],{"className":43,"code":66932,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"nums = [1, 2, 3]\nnums.insert(10, 4)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66934,66935,66955,66973],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,66936,66937,66939,66941,66943,66945,66947,66949,66951,66953],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,66938,66765],{"class":56},[50,66940,61],{"class":60},[50,66942,65],{"class":64},[50,66944,366],{"class":68},[50,66946,72],{"class":64},[50,66948,80],{"class":68},[50,66950,72],{"class":64},[50,66952,500],{"class":68},[50,66954,83],{"class":64},[50,66956,66957,66959,66961,66963,66965,66967,66969,66971],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,66958,66786],{"class":56},[50,66960,425],{"class":64},[50,66962,54020],{"class":101},[50,66964,98],{"class":64},[50,66966,1618],{"class":68},[50,66968,72],{"class":64},[50,66970,2554],{"class":68},[50,66972,105],{"class":64},[50,66974,66975,66977,66979,66981],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,66976,118],{"class":94},[50,66978,98],{"class":64},[50,66980,66786],{"class":101},[50,66982,105],{"class":64},[20,66984,353],{},[41,66986,66987],{"className":43,"code":53574,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,66988,66989],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,66990,66991,66993,66995,66997,66999,67001,67003,67005,67007],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,66992,363],{"class":64},[50,66994,366],{"class":68},[50,66996,72],{"class":64},[50,66998,80],{"class":68},[50,67000,72],{"class":64},[50,67002,500],{"class":68},[50,67004,72],{"class":64},[50,67006,2554],{"class":68},[50,67008,83],{"class":64},[222,67010,67012],{"id":67011},"use-a-negative-index","Use a negative index",[20,67014,67015,67016,67018],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. ",[15,67017,54337],{}," places the item before that position.",[41,67020,67022],{"className":43,"code":67021,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"d\"]\nletters.insert(-1, \"c\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,67023,67024,67056,67080],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,67025,67026,67028,67030,67032,67034,67036,67038,67040,67042,67044,67046,67048,67050,67052,67054],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,67027,36160],{"class":56},[50,67029,61],{"class":60},[50,67031,65],{"class":64},[50,67033,811],{"class":604},[50,67035,421],{"class":608},[50,67037,811],{"class":604},[50,67039,72],{"class":64},[50,67041,700],{"class":604},[50,67043,4839],{"class":608},[50,67045,811],{"class":604},[50,67047,72],{"class":64},[50,67049,700],{"class":604},[50,67051,18837],{"class":608},[50,67053,811],{"class":604},[50,67055,83],{"class":64},[50,67057,67058,67060,67062,67064,67066,67068,67070,67072,67074,67076,67078],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,67059,36213],{"class":56},[50,67061,425],{"class":64},[50,67063,54020],{"class":101},[50,67065,98],{"class":64},[50,67067,2124],{"class":60},[50,67069,366],{"class":68},[50,67071,72],{"class":64},[50,67073,700],{"class":604},[50,67075,9817],{"class":608},[50,67077,811],{"class":604},[50,67079,105],{"class":64},[50,67081,67082,67084,67086,67088],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,67083,118],{"class":94},[50,67085,98],{"class":64},[50,67087,36213],{"class":101},[50,67089,105],{"class":64},[20,67091,353],{},[41,67093,67095],{"className":43,"code":67094,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,67096,67097],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,67098,67099,67101,67103,67105,67107,67109,67111,67113,67115,67117,67119,67121,67123,67125,67127,67129,67131],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,67100,363],{"class":64},[50,67102,611],{"class":604},[50,67104,421],{"class":608},[50,67106,611],{"class":604},[50,67108,72],{"class":64},[50,67110,605],{"class":604},[50,67112,4839],{"class":608},[50,67114,611],{"class":604},[50,67116,72],{"class":64},[50,67118,605],{"class":604},[50,67120,9817],{"class":608},[50,67122,611],{"class":604},[50,67124,72],{"class":64},[50,67126,605],{"class":604},[50,67128,18837],{"class":608},[50,67130,611],{"class":604},[50,67132,83],{"class":64},[20,67134,67135,67136,2401],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with list positions, the ",[421,67137,67138],{"href":1908},"Python lists beginner guide",[36,67140,67142,1467,67144],{"id":67141},"insert-vs-append",[15,67143,54337],{},[15,67145,52722],{},[20,67147,67148],{},"These methods both add items to a list, but they do different jobs.",[222,67150,920,67152,1504],{"id":67151},"use-insert-when",[15,67153,54337],{},[158,67155,67156,67159],{},[161,67157,67158],{},"You want to add an item at a specific position",[161,67160,67161],{},"The order of the list matters",[222,67163,920,67165,1504],{"id":67164},"use-append-when",[15,67166,52722],{},[158,67168,67169,67172],{},[161,67170,67171],{},"You want to add an item only at the end",[161,67173,67174],{},"You do not need to choose a position",[20,67176,1602],{},[41,67178,67180],{"className":43,"code":67179,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [\"apple\", \"orange\"]\n\nitems.insert(1, \"banana\")\nprint(items)\n\nitems.append(\"grape\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,67181,67182,67206,67210,67232,67242,67246,67264],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,67183,67184,67186,67188,67190,67192,67194,67196,67198,67200,67202,67204],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,67185,7859],{"class":56},[50,67187,61],{"class":60},[50,67189,65],{"class":64},[50,67191,811],{"class":604},[50,67193,1049],{"class":608},[50,67195,811],{"class":604},[50,67197,72],{"class":64},[50,67199,700],{"class":604},[50,67201,33291],{"class":608},[50,67203,811],{"class":604},[50,67205,83],{"class":64},[50,67207,67208],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,67209,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,67211,67212,67214,67216,67218,67220,67222,67224,67226,67228,67230],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,67213,7888],{"class":56},[50,67215,425],{"class":64},[50,67217,54020],{"class":101},[50,67219,98],{"class":64},[50,67221,366],{"class":68},[50,67223,72],{"class":64},[50,67225,700],{"class":604},[50,67227,1058],{"class":608},[50,67229,811],{"class":604},[50,67231,105],{"class":64},[50,67233,67234,67236,67238,67240],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,67235,118],{"class":94},[50,67237,98],{"class":64},[50,67239,7888],{"class":101},[50,67241,105],{"class":64},[50,67243,67244],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,67245,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,67247,67248,67250,67252,67254,67256,67258,67260,67262],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,67249,7888],{"class":56},[50,67251,425],{"class":64},[50,67253,13626],{"class":101},[50,67255,98],{"class":64},[50,67257,811],{"class":604},[50,67259,22602],{"class":608},[50,67261,811],{"class":604},[50,67263,105],{"class":64},[50,67265,67266,67268,67270,67272],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,67267,118],{"class":94},[50,67269,98],{"class":64},[50,67271,7888],{"class":101},[50,67273,105],{"class":64},[20,67275,353],{},[41,67277,67279],{"className":43,"code":67278,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,67280,67281,67309],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,67282,67283,67285,67287,67289,67291,67293,67295,67297,67299,67301,67303,67305,67307],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,67284,363],{"class":64},[50,67286,611],{"class":604},[50,67288,1049],{"class":608},[50,67290,611],{"class":604},[50,67292,72],{"class":64},[50,67294,605],{"class":604},[50,67296,1058],{"class":608},[50,67298,611],{"class":604},[50,67300,72],{"class":64},[50,67302,605],{"class":604},[50,67304,33291],{"class":608},[50,67306,611],{"class":604},[50,67308,83],{"class":64},[50,67310,67311,67313,67315,67317,67319,67321,67323,67325,67327,67329,67331,67333,67335,67337,67339,67341,67343],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,67312,363],{"class":64},[50,67314,611],{"class":604},[50,67316,1049],{"class":608},[50,67318,611],{"class":604},[50,67320,72],{"class":64},[50,67322,605],{"class":604},[50,67324,1058],{"class":608},[50,67326,611],{"class":604},[50,67328,72],{"class":64},[50,67330,605],{"class":604},[50,67332,33291],{"class":608},[50,67334,611],{"class":604},[50,67336,72],{"class":64},[50,67338,605],{"class":604},[50,67340,22602],{"class":608},[50,67342,611],{"class":604},[50,67344,83],{"class":64},[20,67346,67347,67348,425],{},"For the full method details, see the ",[421,67349,55588,67350,10816],{"href":56836},[15,67351,52722],{},[20,67353,67354,67355,425],{},"If your goal is the task itself rather than the method details, see ",[421,67356,53118],{"href":53117},[36,67358,4598],{"id":4597},[20,67360,14806,67361,425],{},[15,67362,54337],{},[222,67364,12669,67366],{"id":67365},"assigning-the-result-of-insert",[15,67367,54337],{},[20,67369,25759],{},[41,67371,67373],{"className":43,"code":67372,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67374,67375,67395,67417,67421,67431],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,67376,67377,67379,67381,67383,67385,67387,67389,67391,67393],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,67378,57],{"class":56},[50,67380,61],{"class":60},[50,67382,65],{"class":64},[50,67384,366],{"class":68},[50,67386,72],{"class":64},[50,67388,80],{"class":68},[50,67390,72],{"class":64},[50,67392,500],{"class":68},[50,67394,83],{"class":64},[50,67396,67397,67399,67401,67403,67405,67407,67409,67411,67413,67415],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,67398,89],{"class":56},[50,67400,61],{"class":60},[50,67402,4341],{"class":56},[50,67404,425],{"class":64},[50,67406,54020],{"class":101},[50,67408,98],{"class":64},[50,67410,366],{"class":68},[50,67412,72],{"class":64},[50,67414,10275],{"class":68},[50,67416,105],{"class":64},[50,67418,67419],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,67420,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,67422,67423,67425,67427,67429],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,67424,118],{"class":94},[50,67426,98],{"class":64},[50,67428,123],{"class":101},[50,67430,105],{"class":64},[50,67432,67433,67435,67437,67439],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,67434,118],{"class":94},[50,67436,98],{"class":64},[50,67438,102],{"class":101},[50,67440,105],{"class":64},[20,67442,353],{},[41,67444,67446],{"className":43,"code":67445,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"None\n[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,67447,67448,67452],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,67449,67450],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,67451,11882],{"class":207},[50,67453,67454,67456,67458,67460,67462,67464,67466,67468,67470],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,67455,363],{"class":64},[50,67457,366],{"class":68},[50,67459,72],{"class":64},[50,67461,10275],{"class":68},[50,67463,72],{"class":64},[50,67465,80],{"class":68},[50,67467,72],{"class":64},[50,67469,500],{"class":68},[50,67471,83],{"class":64},[20,67473,67474,54222,67476,425],{},[15,67475,54337],{},[15,67477,208],{},[20,67479,16715],{},[41,67481,67483],{"className":43,"code":67482,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"new_list = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,67484,67485],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,67486,67487,67489,67491,67493,67495,67497,67499,67501,67503,67505],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,67488,55957],{"class":56},[50,67490,61],{"class":60},[50,67492,4341],{"class":56},[50,67494,425],{"class":64},[50,67496,54020],{"class":101},[50,67498,98],{"class":64},[50,67500,366],{"class":68},[50,67502,72],{"class":64},[50,67504,10275],{"class":68},[50,67506,105],{"class":64},[20,67508,67509],{},"Right:",[41,67511,67513],{"className":43,"code":67512,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,67514,67515],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,67516,67517,67519,67521,67523,67525,67527,67529,67531],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,67518,102],{"class":56},[50,67520,425],{"class":64},[50,67522,54020],{"class":101},[50,67524,98],{"class":64},[50,67526,366],{"class":68},[50,67528,72],{"class":64},[50,67530,10275],{"class":68},[50,67532,105],{"class":64},[222,67534,67536],{"id":67535},"passing-arguments-in-the-wrong-order","Passing arguments in the wrong order",[20,67538,67539],{},"The correct order is:",[41,67541,67542],{"className":43,"code":66395,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,67543,67544],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,67545,67546,67548,67550,67552,67554,67556,67558,67560],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,67547,8418],{"class":56},[50,67549,425],{"class":64},[50,67551,54020],{"class":101},[50,67553,98],{"class":64},[50,67555,35915],{"class":101},[50,67557,72],{"class":64},[50,67559,29576],{"class":101},[50,67561,105],{"class":64},[20,67563,67564],{},"Not:",[41,67566,67568],{"className":43,"code":67567,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_list.insert(item, index)\n",[15,67569,67570],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,67571,67572,67574,67576,67578,67580,67582,67584,67586],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,67573,8418],{"class":56},[50,67575,425],{"class":64},[50,67577,54020],{"class":101},[50,67579,98],{"class":64},[50,67581,23379],{"class":101},[50,67583,72],{"class":64},[50,67585,35890],{"class":101},[50,67587,105],{"class":64},[20,67589,1602],{},[41,67591,67592],{"className":43,"code":66437,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,67593,67594,67618,67640],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,67595,67596,67598,67600,67602,67604,67606,67608,67610,67612,67614,67616],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,67597,36160],{"class":56},[50,67599,61],{"class":60},[50,67601,65],{"class":64},[50,67603,811],{"class":604},[50,67605,421],{"class":608},[50,67607,811],{"class":604},[50,67609,72],{"class":64},[50,67611,700],{"class":604},[50,67613,9817],{"class":608},[50,67615,811],{"class":604},[50,67617,83],{"class":64},[50,67619,67620,67622,67624,67626,67628,67630,67632,67634,67636,67638],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,67621,36213],{"class":56},[50,67623,425],{"class":64},[50,67625,54020],{"class":101},[50,67627,98],{"class":64},[50,67629,366],{"class":68},[50,67631,72],{"class":64},[50,67633,700],{"class":604},[50,67635,4839],{"class":608},[50,67637,811],{"class":604},[50,67639,105],{"class":64},[50,67641,67642,67644,67646,67648],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,67643,118],{"class":94},[50,67645,98],{"class":64},[50,67647,36213],{"class":101},[50,67649,105],{"class":64},[20,67651,353],{},[41,67653,67654],{"className":43,"code":42944,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,67655,67656],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,67657,67658,67660,67662,67664,67666,67668,67670,67672,67674,67676,67678,67680,67682],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,67659,363],{"class":64},[50,67661,611],{"class":604},[50,67663,421],{"class":608},[50,67665,611],{"class":604},[50,67667,72],{"class":64},[50,67669,605],{"class":604},[50,67671,4839],{"class":608},[50,67673,611],{"class":604},[50,67675,72],{"class":64},[50,67677,605],{"class":604},[50,67679,9817],{"class":608},[50,67681,611],{"class":604},[50,67683,83],{"class":64},[222,67685,8532,67687,67689],{"id":67686},"expecting-insert-to-replace-an-item",[15,67688,54337],{}," to replace an item",[20,67691,67692,67694],{},[15,67693,54337],{}," does not replace an existing value. It shifts items to the right.",[41,67696,67698],{"className":43,"code":67697,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.insert(1, 99)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67699,67700,67720,67738],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,67701,67702,67704,67706,67708,67710,67712,67714,67716,67718],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,67703,57],{"class":56},[50,67705,61],{"class":60},[50,67707,65],{"class":64},[50,67709,366],{"class":68},[50,67711,72],{"class":64},[50,67713,80],{"class":68},[50,67715,72],{"class":64},[50,67717,500],{"class":68},[50,67719,83],{"class":64},[50,67721,67722,67724,67726,67728,67730,67732,67734,67736],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,67723,102],{"class":56},[50,67725,425],{"class":64},[50,67727,54020],{"class":101},[50,67729,98],{"class":64},[50,67731,366],{"class":68},[50,67733,72],{"class":64},[50,67735,10275],{"class":68},[50,67737,105],{"class":64},[50,67739,67740,67742,67744,67746],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,67741,118],{"class":94},[50,67743,98],{"class":64},[50,67745,102],{"class":101},[50,67747,105],{"class":64},[20,67749,353],{},[41,67751,67753],{"className":43,"code":67752,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,67754,67755],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,67756,67757,67759,67761,67763,67765,67767,67769,67771,67773],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,67758,363],{"class":64},[50,67760,366],{"class":68},[50,67762,72],{"class":64},[50,67764,10275],{"class":68},[50,67766,72],{"class":64},[50,67768,80],{"class":68},[50,67770,72],{"class":64},[50,67772,500],{"class":68},[50,67774,83],{"class":64},[20,67776,67777],{},"If you want to replace a value instead, use assignment:",[41,67779,67781],{"className":43,"code":67780,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers[1] = 99\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67782,67783,67803,67817],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,67784,67785,67787,67789,67791,67793,67795,67797,67799,67801],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,67786,57],{"class":56},[50,67788,61],{"class":60},[50,67790,65],{"class":64},[50,67792,366],{"class":68},[50,67794,72],{"class":64},[50,67796,80],{"class":68},[50,67798,72],{"class":64},[50,67800,500],{"class":68},[50,67802,83],{"class":64},[50,67804,67805,67807,67809,67811,67813,67815],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,67806,102],{"class":56},[50,67808,363],{"class":64},[50,67810,366],{"class":68},[50,67812,13346],{"class":64},[50,67814,13349],{"class":60},[50,67816,14203],{"class":68},[50,67818,67819,67821,67823,67825],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,67820,118],{"class":94},[50,67822,98],{"class":64},[50,67824,102],{"class":101},[50,67826,105],{"class":64},[20,67828,353],{},[41,67830,67832],{"className":43,"code":67831,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[1, 99, 3]\n",[15,67833,67834],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,67835,67836,67838,67840,67842,67844,67846,67848],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,67837,363],{"class":64},[50,67839,366],{"class":68},[50,67841,72],{"class":64},[50,67843,10275],{"class":68},[50,67845,72],{"class":64},[50,67847,500],{"class":68},[50,67849,83],{"class":64},[222,67851,67853],{"id":67852},"trying-to-insert-multiple-items-at-once","Trying to insert multiple items at once",[20,67855,67856,67858],{},[15,67857,54337],{}," adds one item each time.",[20,67860,67861],{},"This inserts a single list as one item:",[41,67863,67865],{"className":43,"code":67864,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 4]\nnumbers.insert(1, [2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67866,67867,67883,67907],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,67868,67869,67871,67873,67875,67877,67879,67881],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,67870,57],{"class":56},[50,67872,61],{"class":60},[50,67874,65],{"class":64},[50,67876,366],{"class":68},[50,67878,72],{"class":64},[50,67880,2554],{"class":68},[50,67882,83],{"class":64},[50,67884,67885,67887,67889,67891,67893,67895,67897,67899,67901,67903,67905],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,67886,102],{"class":56},[50,67888,425],{"class":64},[50,67890,54020],{"class":101},[50,67892,98],{"class":64},[50,67894,366],{"class":68},[50,67896,72],{"class":64},[50,67898,65],{"class":64},[50,67900,1564],{"class":68},[50,67902,72],{"class":64},[50,67904,500],{"class":68},[50,67906,3970],{"class":64},[50,67908,67909,67911,67913,67915],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,67910,118],{"class":94},[50,67912,98],{"class":64},[50,67914,102],{"class":101},[50,67916,105],{"class":64},[20,67918,353],{},[41,67920,67922],{"className":43,"code":67921,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[1, [2, 3], 4]\n",[15,67923,67924],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,67925,67926,67928,67930,67932,67934,67936,67938,67940,67942,67944],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,67927,363],{"class":64},[50,67929,366],{"class":68},[50,67931,72],{"class":64},[50,67933,65],{"class":64},[50,67935,1564],{"class":68},[50,67937,72],{"class":64},[50,67939,500],{"class":68},[50,67941,1860],{"class":64},[50,67943,2554],{"class":68},[50,67945,83],{"class":64},[20,67947,67948,67949,425],{},"If you want to add many items, see the ",[421,67950,55588,67951,10816],{"href":53413},[15,67952,53515],{},[222,67954,67956],{"id":67955},"helpful-checks-while-debugging","Helpful checks while debugging",[20,67958,8955,67959,67961],{},[15,67960,54337],{}," is not doing what you expect, these can help:",[41,67963,67965],{"className":43,"code":67964,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.insert.__doc__)\nhelp(list.insert)\ntype(my_list)\n",[15,67966,67967,67977,67991,68009,68023],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,67968,67969,67971,67973,67975],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,67970,118],{"class":94},[50,67972,98],{"class":64},[50,67974,8418],{"class":101},[50,67976,105],{"class":64},[50,67978,67979,67981,67983,67985,67987,67989],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,67980,118],{"class":94},[50,67982,98],{"class":64},[50,67984,1267],{"class":94},[50,67986,98],{"class":64},[50,67988,8418],{"class":101},[50,67990,478],{"class":64},[50,67992,67993,67995,67997,67999,68001,68003,68005,68007],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,67994,118],{"class":94},[50,67996,98],{"class":64},[50,67998,8418],{"class":101},[50,68000,425],{"class":64},[50,68002,54020],{"class":1400},[50,68004,425],{"class":64},[50,68006,34517],{"class":34524},[50,68008,105],{"class":64},[50,68010,68011,68013,68015,68017,68019,68021],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,68012,32222],{"class":94},[50,68014,98],{"class":64},[50,68016,437],{"class":557},[50,68018,425],{"class":64},[50,68020,54020],{"class":1400},[50,68022,105],{"class":64},[50,68024,68025,68027,68029,68031],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,68026,558],{"class":557},[50,68028,98],{"class":64},[50,68030,8418],{"class":101},[50,68032,105],{"class":64},[20,68034,68035],{},"These checks can help you confirm:",[158,68037,68038,68041,68044,68047],{},[161,68039,68040],{},"What is currently in the list",[161,68042,68043],{},"How long the list is",[161,68045,68046],{},"That you are working with a real list",[161,68048,68049],{},"How Python describes the method",[36,68051,5040,68053],{"id":68052},"when-to-use-insert",[15,68054,54337],{},[20,68056,920,68057,68059],{},[15,68058,54337],{}," when position matters.",[20,68061,36494],{},[158,68063,68064,68067,68070,68073],{},[161,68065,68066],{},"Ordered menus",[161,68068,68069],{},"Rankings or score lists",[161,68071,68072],{},"Step-by-step manual list building",[161,68074,68075],{},"Inserting a value at the beginning or middle",[20,68077,68078,68079,68081,68082,68084,68085,68087],{},"You usually do ",[3824,68080,4709],{}," need ",[15,68083,54337],{}," when adding only to the end of a list. In that case, ",[15,68086,52722],{}," is simpler.",[20,68089,68090,68091,425],{},"If you need a refresher on making lists before using methods on them, see ",[421,68092,57222],{"href":57221},[36,68094,1913],{"id":1912},[222,68096,1917,68098,55537],{"id":68097},"does-listinsert-return-a-new-list",[15,68099,53980],{},[20,68101,68102,68103,425],{},"No. It changes the existing list and returns ",[15,68104,208],{},[222,68106,68108],{"id":68107},"what-happens-if-the-index-is-bigger-than-the-list-length","What happens if the index is bigger than the list length?",[20,68110,68111],{},"Python adds the item at the end of the list.",[222,68113,5248,68115,68117],{"id":68114},"can-listinsert-add-multiple-items",[15,68116,53980],{}," add multiple items?",[20,68119,68120,68121,68123],{},"It adds one item each time. To add many items, use ",[15,68122,53515],{}," or slicing.",[222,68125,5258,68127,4472,68129,1943],{"id":68126},"what-is-the-difference-between-insert-and-append",[15,68128,54337],{},[15,68130,52722],{},[20,68132,68133,68135,68136,68138],{},[15,68134,54337],{}," adds at a chosen position. ",[15,68137,52722],{}," adds only at the end.",[36,68140,1975],{"id":1974},[158,68142,68143,68149,68155,68159,68163,68167],{},[161,68144,68145],{},[421,68146,55588,68147,10816],{"href":56836},[15,68148,52722],{},[161,68150,68151],{},[421,68152,55588,68153,10816],{"href":53413},[15,68154,53515],{},[161,68156,68157],{},[421,68158,54347],{"href":53117},[161,68160,68161],{},[421,68162,1909],{"href":1908},[161,68164,68165],{},[421,68166,57295],{"href":57221},[161,68168,68169],{},[421,68170,30416,68171,33704],{"href":54365},[15,68172,68173],{},"'list' object has no attribute ...",[2018,68175,68176],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":68178},[68179,68181,68182,68183,68189,68196,68205,68207,68216],{"id":66364,"depth":86,"text":68180},"What list.insert() does",{"id":5509,"depth":86,"text":5510},{"id":5863,"depth":86,"text":5864},{"id":66736,"depth":86,"text":66737,"children":68184},[68185,68186,68187,68188],{"id":66748,"depth":108,"text":66749},{"id":66839,"depth":108,"text":66840},{"id":66925,"depth":108,"text":66926},{"id":67011,"depth":108,"text":67012},{"id":67141,"depth":86,"text":68190,"children":68191},"insert() vs append()",[68192,68194],{"id":67151,"depth":108,"text":68193},"Use insert() when:",{"id":67164,"depth":108,"text":68195},"Use append() when:",{"id":4597,"depth":86,"text":4598,"children":68197},[68198,68200,68201,68203,68204],{"id":67365,"depth":108,"text":68199},"Assigning the result of insert()",{"id":67535,"depth":108,"text":67536},{"id":67686,"depth":108,"text":68202},"Expecting insert() to replace an item",{"id":67852,"depth":108,"text":67853},{"id":67955,"depth":108,"text":67956},{"id":68052,"depth":86,"text":68206},"When to use insert()",{"id":1912,"depth":86,"text":1913,"children":68208},[68209,68211,68212,68214],{"id":68097,"depth":108,"text":68210},"Does list.insert() return a new list?",{"id":68107,"depth":108,"text":68108},{"id":68114,"depth":108,"text":68213},"Can list.insert() add multiple items?",{"id":68126,"depth":108,"text":68215},"What is the difference between insert() and append()?",{"id":1974,"depth":86,"text":1975},"Master python list insert method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method",{"title":66274,"description":68217},"reference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method","x_dK_NYzoYQLOwms5BtRdF_-FqYStoiPzy7EKR6Cd44",{"id":68224,"title":68225,"body":68226,"description":69781,"extension":2064,"meta":69782,"navigation":111,"path":59040,"seo":69783,"stem":69784,"__hash__":69785},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len.md","Python List Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":68227,"toc":69754},[68228,68234,68243,68292,68294,68302,68308,68310,68328,68334,68339,68342,68345,68360,68362,68414,68416,68424,68432,68439,68441,68447,68512,68514,68522,68524,68543,68546,68597,68601,68606,68633,68635,68643,68646,68715,68717,68732,68738,68742,68751,68754,68809,68811,68819,68822,68824,68869,68871,68879,68885,68887,68895,68898,68900,68939,68941,68980,68985,68987,68989,69024,69027,69029,69067,69071,69077,69079,69130,69132,69140,69147,69150,69171,69174,69229,69240,69242,69303,69305,69314,69321,69327,69330,69333,69390,69393,69406,69413,69419,69425,69427,69440,69443,69540,69542,69559,69562,69644,69646,69668,69675,69681,69683,69687,69693,69699,69704,69708,69711,69717,69724,69726,69751],[10,68229,68231,68232,126],{"id":68230},"python-list-length-len","Python List Length (",[15,68233,1267],{},[20,68235,68236,68237,68239,68240,68242],{},"Learn how to get the number of items in a Python list using ",[15,68238,1454],{},". This page focuses on the basic use of ",[15,68241,1454],{}," with lists, common beginner mistakes, and simple examples.",[41,68244,68246],{"className":43,"code":68245,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\ncount = len(numbers)\nprint(count)\n",[15,68247,68248,68268,68282],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,68249,68250,68252,68254,68256,68258,68260,68262,68264,68266],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,68251,57],{"class":56},[50,68253,61],{"class":60},[50,68255,65],{"class":64},[50,68257,1618],{"class":68},[50,68259,72],{"class":64},[50,68261,840],{"class":68},[50,68263,72],{"class":64},[50,68265,1627],{"class":68},[50,68267,83],{"class":64},[50,68269,68270,68272,68274,68276,68278,68280],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,68271,41311],{"class":56},[50,68273,61],{"class":60},[50,68275,38454],{"class":94},[50,68277,98],{"class":64},[50,68279,102],{"class":101},[50,68281,105],{"class":64},[50,68283,68284,68286,68288,68290],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,68285,118],{"class":94},[50,68287,98],{"class":64},[50,68289,41329],{"class":101},[50,68291,105],{"class":64},[20,68293,353],{},[41,68295,68296],{"className":43,"code":46687,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,68297,68298],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,68299,68300],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,68301,46687],{"class":68},[20,68303,920,68304,68307],{},[15,68305,68306],{},"len(list_name)"," to get how many items are in a list.",[36,68309,15235],{"id":15234},[158,68311,68312,68317,68322,68325],{},[161,68313,4276,68314,68316],{},[15,68315,1454],{}," works with Python lists",[161,68318,68319,68320,11780],{},"What value ",[15,68321,1454],{},[161,68323,68324],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty lists",[161,68326,68327],{},"Common mistakes beginners make",[36,68329,153,68331,68333],{"id":68330},"what-len-returns-for-a-list",[15,68332,1454],{}," returns for a list",[20,68335,68336,65146],{},[15,68337,68338],{},"len(my_list)",[20,68340,68341],{},"That integer is the number of items in the list.",[20,68343,68344],{},"A few important points:",[158,68346,68347,68350,68355],{},[161,68348,68349],{},"It counts list items",[161,68351,40975,68352,68354],{},[3824,68353,4709],{}," count characters inside a string item",[161,68356,68357,68358],{},"An empty list returns ",[15,68359,2220],{},[20,68361,1602],{},[41,68363,68365],{"className":43,"code":68364,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,68366,68367,68400],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,68368,68369,68371,68373,68375,68377,68379,68381,68383,68385,68388,68390,68392,68394,68396,68398],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,68370,1040],{"class":56},[50,68372,61],{"class":60},[50,68374,65],{"class":64},[50,68376,811],{"class":604},[50,68378,37116],{"class":608},[50,68380,811],{"class":604},[50,68382,72],{"class":64},[50,68384,700],{"class":604},[50,68386,68387],{"class":608},"elephant",[50,68389,811],{"class":604},[50,68391,72],{"class":64},[50,68393,700],{"class":604},[50,68395,58194],{"class":608},[50,68397,811],{"class":604},[50,68399,83],{"class":64},[50,68401,68402,68404,68406,68408,68410,68412],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,68403,118],{"class":94},[50,68405,98],{"class":64},[50,68407,1267],{"class":94},[50,68409,98],{"class":64},[50,68411,1088],{"class":101},[50,68413,478],{"class":64},[20,68415,353],{},[41,68417,68418],{"className":43,"code":46687,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,68419,68420],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,68421,68422],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,68423,46687],{"class":68},[20,68425,21047,68426,68429,68430,65153],{},[15,68427,68428],{},"\"elephant\""," has many characters, it still counts as just ",[3824,68431,52726],{},[20,68433,68434,68435,425],{},"If you want a broader explanation of the function itself, see ",[421,68436,13,68437,1461],{"href":1458},[15,68438,1454],{},[36,68440,5864],{"id":5863},[20,68442,68443,68444,68446],{},"Create a list, pass it to ",[15,68445,1454],{},", and print the result.",[41,68448,68450],{"className":43,"code":68449,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncount = len(colors)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,68451,68452,68484,68498,68502],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,68453,68454,68456,68458,68460,68462,68464,68466,68468,68470,68472,68474,68476,68478,68480,68482],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,68455,13149],{"class":56},[50,68457,61],{"class":60},[50,68459,65],{"class":64},[50,68461,811],{"class":604},[50,68463,13166],{"class":608},[50,68465,811],{"class":604},[50,68467,72],{"class":64},[50,68469,700],{"class":604},[50,68471,17525],{"class":608},[50,68473,811],{"class":604},[50,68475,72],{"class":64},[50,68477,700],{"class":604},[50,68479,13183],{"class":608},[50,68481,811],{"class":604},[50,68483,83],{"class":64},[50,68485,68486,68488,68490,68492,68494,68496],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,68487,41311],{"class":56},[50,68489,61],{"class":60},[50,68491,38454],{"class":94},[50,68493,98],{"class":64},[50,68495,17572],{"class":101},[50,68497,105],{"class":64},[50,68499,68500],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,68501,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,68503,68504,68506,68508,68510],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,68505,118],{"class":94},[50,68507,98],{"class":64},[50,68509,41329],{"class":101},[50,68511,105],{"class":64},[20,68513,353],{},[41,68515,68516],{"className":43,"code":46687,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,68517,68518],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,68519,68520],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,68521,46687],{"class":68},[20,68523,11758],{},[158,68525,68526,68531,68538],{},[161,68527,68528,68530],{},[15,68529,17572],{}," is a list with 3 items",[161,68532,68533,2494,68536],{},[15,68534,68535],{},"len(colors)",[15,68537,69],{},[161,68539,68540,68541],{},"That value is stored in ",[15,68542,41329],{},[20,68544,68545],{},"You can also print the result directly:",[41,68547,68549],{"className":43,"code":68548,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,68550,68551,68583],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,68552,68553,68555,68557,68559,68561,68563,68565,68567,68569,68571,68573,68575,68577,68579,68581],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,68554,13149],{"class":56},[50,68556,61],{"class":60},[50,68558,65],{"class":64},[50,68560,811],{"class":604},[50,68562,13166],{"class":608},[50,68564,811],{"class":604},[50,68566,72],{"class":64},[50,68568,700],{"class":604},[50,68570,17525],{"class":608},[50,68572,811],{"class":604},[50,68574,72],{"class":64},[50,68576,700],{"class":604},[50,68578,13183],{"class":608},[50,68580,811],{"class":604},[50,68582,83],{"class":64},[50,68584,68585,68587,68589,68591,68593,68595],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,68586,118],{"class":94},[50,68588,98],{"class":64},[50,68590,1267],{"class":94},[50,68592,98],{"class":64},[50,68594,17572],{"class":101},[50,68596,478],{"class":64},[36,68598,68600],{"id":68599},"empty-list-example","Empty list example",[20,68602,68603,68604,425],{},"An empty list has no items, so its length is ",[15,68605,2220],{},[41,68607,68609],{"className":43,"code":68608,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = []\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,68610,68611,68619],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,68612,68613,68615,68617],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,68614,7859],{"class":56},[50,68616,61],{"class":60},[50,68618,7917],{"class":64},[50,68620,68621,68623,68625,68627,68629,68631],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,68622,118],{"class":94},[50,68624,98],{"class":64},[50,68626,1267],{"class":94},[50,68628,98],{"class":64},[50,68630,7888],{"class":101},[50,68632,478],{"class":64},[20,68634,353],{},[41,68636,68637],{"className":43,"code":47322,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,68638,68639],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,68640,68641],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,68642,47322],{"class":68},[20,68644,68645],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a list has anything in it before using an index.",[41,68647,68649],{"className":43,"code":68648,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = []\n\nif len(items) > 0:\n    print(items[0])\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,68650,68651,68659,68663,68681,68695,68701],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,68652,68653,68655,68657],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,68654,7859],{"class":56},[50,68656,61],{"class":60},[50,68658,7917],{"class":64},[50,68660,68661],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,68662,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,68664,68665,68667,68669,68671,68673,68675,68677,68679],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,68666,7076],{"class":3957},[50,68668,38454],{"class":94},[50,68670,98],{"class":64},[50,68672,7888],{"class":101},[50,68674,126],{"class":64},[50,68676,38464],{"class":60},[50,68678,3914],{"class":68},[50,68680,6470],{"class":64},[50,68682,68683,68685,68687,68689,68691,68693],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,68684,8148],{"class":94},[50,68686,98],{"class":64},[50,68688,7888],{"class":101},[50,68690,363],{"class":64},[50,68692,2220],{"class":68},[50,68694,3970],{"class":64},[50,68696,68697,68699],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,68698,27503],{"class":3957},[50,68700,6470],{"class":64},[50,68702,68703,68705,68707,68709,68711,68713],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,68704,8148],{"class":94},[50,68706,98],{"class":64},[50,68708,811],{"class":604},[50,68710,51885],{"class":608},[50,68712,811],{"class":604},[50,68714,105],{"class":64},[20,68716,353],{},[41,68718,68720],{"className":43,"code":68719,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"The list is empty\n",[15,68721,68722],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,68723,68724,68726,68728,68730],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,68725,1185],{"class":56},[50,68727,437],{"class":557},[50,68729,8175],{"class":60},[50,68731,8181],{"class":56},[20,68733,68734,68735,68737],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, ",[421,68736,1909],{"href":1908}," is a good next step.",[36,68739,68741],{"id":68740},"nested-lists","Nested lists",[20,68743,68744,68746,68747,68750],{},[15,68745,1454],{}," counts only the ",[3824,68748,68749],{},"top-level items"," in a list.",[20,68752,68753],{},"A nested list counts as one item.",[41,68755,68757],{"className":43,"code":68756,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,68758,68759,68795],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,68760,68761,68763,68765,68767,68769,68771,68773,68775,68777,68779,68781,68783,68785,68787,68789,68791,68793],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,68762,9246],{"class":56},[50,68764,61],{"class":60},[50,68766,56361],{"class":64},[50,68768,366],{"class":68},[50,68770,72],{"class":64},[50,68772,80],{"class":68},[50,68774,1860],{"class":64},[50,68776,65],{"class":64},[50,68778,69],{"class":68},[50,68780,72],{"class":64},[50,68782,2554],{"class":68},[50,68784,1860],{"class":64},[50,68786,65],{"class":64},[50,68788,290],{"class":68},[50,68790,72],{"class":64},[50,68792,37713],{"class":68},[50,68794,53311],{"class":64},[50,68796,68797,68799,68801,68803,68805,68807],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,68798,118],{"class":94},[50,68800,98],{"class":64},[50,68802,1267],{"class":94},[50,68804,98],{"class":64},[50,68806,9284],{"class":101},[50,68808,478],{"class":64},[20,68810,353],{},[41,68812,68813],{"className":43,"code":46687,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,68814,68815],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,68816,68817],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,68818,46687],{"class":68},[20,68820,68821],{},"Here, the list contains 3 items, and each item is itself a list.",[20,68823,52149],{},[41,68825,68827],{"className":43,"code":68826,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"mixed = [1, [2, 3], 4]\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,68828,68829,68855],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,68830,68831,68833,68835,68837,68839,68841,68843,68845,68847,68849,68851,68853],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,68832,59540],{"class":56},[50,68834,61],{"class":60},[50,68836,65],{"class":64},[50,68838,366],{"class":68},[50,68840,72],{"class":64},[50,68842,65],{"class":64},[50,68844,1564],{"class":68},[50,68846,72],{"class":64},[50,68848,500],{"class":68},[50,68850,1860],{"class":64},[50,68852,2554],{"class":68},[50,68854,83],{"class":64},[50,68856,68857,68859,68861,68863,68865,68867],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,68858,118],{"class":94},[50,68860,98],{"class":64},[50,68862,1267],{"class":94},[50,68864,98],{"class":64},[50,68866,59593],{"class":101},[50,68868,478],{"class":64},[20,68870,353],{},[41,68872,68873],{"className":43,"code":46687,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,68874,68875],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,68876,68877],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,68878,46687],{"class":68},[20,68880,21047,68881,68884],{},[15,68882,68883],{},"[2, 3]"," contains 2 values, it is still only one item in the outer list.",[36,68886,4598],{"id":4597},[222,68888,914,68890,1940,68893],{"id":68889},"using-my_listlen-instead-of-lenmy_list",[15,68891,68892],{},"my_list.len()",[15,68894,68338],{},[20,68896,68897],{},"This is a very common mistake.",[20,68899,16715],{},[41,68901,68903],{"className":43,"code":68902,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.len())\n",[15,68904,68905,68925],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,68906,68907,68909,68911,68913,68915,68917,68919,68921,68923],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,68908,57],{"class":56},[50,68910,61],{"class":60},[50,68912,65],{"class":64},[50,68914,1618],{"class":68},[50,68916,72],{"class":64},[50,68918,840],{"class":68},[50,68920,72],{"class":64},[50,68922,1627],{"class":68},[50,68924,83],{"class":64},[50,68926,68927,68929,68931,68933,68935,68937],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,68928,118],{"class":94},[50,68930,98],{"class":64},[50,68932,102],{"class":101},[50,68934,425],{"class":64},[50,68936,1267],{"class":101},[50,68938,7273],{"class":64},[20,68940,16727],{},[41,68942,68944],{"className":43,"code":68943,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,68945,68946,68966],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,68947,68948,68950,68952,68954,68956,68958,68960,68962,68964],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,68949,57],{"class":56},[50,68951,61],{"class":60},[50,68953,65],{"class":64},[50,68955,1618],{"class":68},[50,68957,72],{"class":64},[50,68959,840],{"class":68},[50,68961,72],{"class":64},[50,68963,1627],{"class":68},[50,68965,83],{"class":64},[50,68967,68968,68970,68972,68974,68976,68978],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,68969,118],{"class":94},[50,68971,98],{"class":64},[50,68973,1267],{"class":94},[50,68975,98],{"class":64},[50,68977,102],{"class":101},[50,68979,478],{"class":64},[20,68981,68982,68984],{},[15,68983,1454],{}," is a built-in function. It is not a list method.",[222,68986,25756],{"id":25755},[20,68988,16715],{},[41,68990,68992],{"className":43,"code":68991,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len)\n",[15,68993,68994,69014],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,68995,68996,68998,69000,69002,69004,69006,69008,69010,69012],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,68997,57],{"class":56},[50,68999,61],{"class":60},[50,69001,65],{"class":64},[50,69003,1618],{"class":68},[50,69005,72],{"class":64},[50,69007,840],{"class":68},[50,69009,72],{"class":64},[50,69011,1627],{"class":68},[50,69013,83],{"class":64},[50,69015,69016,69018,69020,69022],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,69017,118],{"class":94},[50,69019,98],{"class":64},[50,69021,1267],{"class":94},[50,69023,105],{"class":64},[20,69025,69026],{},"This prints the function itself, not the list length.",[20,69028,16727],{},[41,69030,69031],{"className":43,"code":68943,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,69032,69033,69053],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,69034,69035,69037,69039,69041,69043,69045,69047,69049,69051],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,69036,57],{"class":56},[50,69038,61],{"class":60},[50,69040,65],{"class":64},[50,69042,1618],{"class":68},[50,69044,72],{"class":64},[50,69046,840],{"class":68},[50,69048,72],{"class":64},[50,69050,1627],{"class":68},[50,69052,83],{"class":64},[50,69054,69055,69057,69059,69061,69063,69065],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,69056,118],{"class":94},[50,69058,98],{"class":64},[50,69060,1267],{"class":94},[50,69062,98],{"class":64},[50,69064,102],{"class":101},[50,69066,478],{"class":64},[222,69068,69070],{"id":69069},"confusing-length-with-the-last-index","Confusing length with the last index",[20,69072,69073,69074,69076],{},"The length of a list is ",[3824,69075,4709],{}," the same as the last index.",[20,69078,1602],{},[41,69080,69082],{"className":43,"code":69081,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(len(letters))\n",[15,69083,69084,69116],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,69085,69086,69088,69090,69092,69094,69096,69098,69100,69102,69104,69106,69108,69110,69112,69114],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,69087,36160],{"class":56},[50,69089,61],{"class":60},[50,69091,65],{"class":64},[50,69093,811],{"class":604},[50,69095,421],{"class":608},[50,69097,811],{"class":604},[50,69099,72],{"class":64},[50,69101,700],{"class":604},[50,69103,4839],{"class":608},[50,69105,811],{"class":604},[50,69107,72],{"class":64},[50,69109,700],{"class":604},[50,69111,9817],{"class":608},[50,69113,811],{"class":604},[50,69115,83],{"class":64},[50,69117,69118,69120,69122,69124,69126,69128],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,69119,118],{"class":94},[50,69121,98],{"class":64},[50,69123,1267],{"class":94},[50,69125,98],{"class":64},[50,69127,36213],{"class":101},[50,69129,478],{"class":64},[20,69131,353],{},[41,69133,69134],{"className":43,"code":46687,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,69135,69136],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,69137,69138],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,69139,46687],{"class":68},[20,69141,69142,69143,19033,69145,425],{},"But the last index is ",[15,69144,1564],{},[15,69146,69],{},[20,69148,69149],{},"Indexes are:",[158,69151,69152,69159,69165],{},[161,69153,69154,69156,69157],{},[15,69155,2220],{}," for ",[15,69158,18165],{},[161,69160,69161,69156,69163],{},[15,69162,366],{},[15,69164,65656],{},[161,69166,69167,69156,69169],{},[15,69168,1564],{},[15,69170,66542],{},[20,69172,69173],{},"So this causes an error:",[41,69175,69177],{"className":43,"code":69176,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters)])\n",[15,69178,69179,69211],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,69180,69181,69183,69185,69187,69189,69191,69193,69195,69197,69199,69201,69203,69205,69207,69209],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,69182,36160],{"class":56},[50,69184,61],{"class":60},[50,69186,65],{"class":64},[50,69188,811],{"class":604},[50,69190,421],{"class":608},[50,69192,811],{"class":604},[50,69194,72],{"class":64},[50,69196,700],{"class":604},[50,69198,4839],{"class":608},[50,69200,811],{"class":604},[50,69202,72],{"class":64},[50,69204,700],{"class":604},[50,69206,9817],{"class":608},[50,69208,811],{"class":604},[50,69210,83],{"class":64},[50,69212,69213,69215,69217,69219,69221,69223,69225,69227],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,69214,118],{"class":94},[50,69216,98],{"class":64},[50,69218,36213],{"class":101},[50,69220,363],{"class":64},[50,69222,1267],{"class":94},[50,69224,98],{"class":64},[50,69226,36213],{"class":101},[50,69228,10754],{"class":64},[20,69230,8575,69231,4862,69234,69236,69237,69239],{},[15,69232,69233],{},"len(letters)",[15,69235,69],{},", and index ",[15,69238,69],{}," does not exist.",[20,69241,18910],{},[41,69243,69245],{"className":43,"code":69244,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters) - 1])\n",[15,69246,69247,69279],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,69248,69249,69251,69253,69255,69257,69259,69261,69263,69265,69267,69269,69271,69273,69275,69277],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,69250,36160],{"class":56},[50,69252,61],{"class":60},[50,69254,65],{"class":64},[50,69256,811],{"class":604},[50,69258,421],{"class":608},[50,69260,811],{"class":604},[50,69262,72],{"class":64},[50,69264,700],{"class":604},[50,69266,4839],{"class":608},[50,69268,811],{"class":604},[50,69270,72],{"class":64},[50,69272,700],{"class":604},[50,69274,9817],{"class":608},[50,69276,811],{"class":604},[50,69278,83],{"class":64},[50,69280,69281,69283,69285,69287,69289,69291,69293,69295,69297,69299,69301],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,69282,118],{"class":94},[50,69284,98],{"class":64},[50,69286,36213],{"class":101},[50,69288,363],{"class":64},[50,69290,1267],{"class":94},[50,69292,98],{"class":64},[50,69294,36213],{"class":101},[50,69296,126],{"class":64},[50,69298,2321],{"class":60},[50,69300,75],{"class":68},[50,69302,3970],{"class":64},[20,69304,353],{},[41,69306,69308],{"className":43,"code":69307,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"c\n",[15,69309,69310],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,69311,69312],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,69313,69307],{"class":56},[20,69315,69316,69317,425],{},"If you see an index problem here, read ",[421,69318,69320],{"href":69319},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-list-index-out-of-range-fix-explained\u002F","IndexError: list index out of range",[222,69322,914,69324,69326],{"id":69323},"using-len-on-the-wrong-variable",[15,69325,1454],{}," on the wrong variable",[20,69328,69329],{},"Sometimes the code is correct, but the variable is not what you expect.",[20,69331,69332],{},"Use these debugging checks:",[41,69334,69336],{"className":43,"code":69335,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list[0])\n",[15,69337,69338,69348,69362,69376],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,69339,69340,69342,69344,69346],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,69341,118],{"class":94},[50,69343,98],{"class":64},[50,69345,8418],{"class":101},[50,69347,105],{"class":64},[50,69349,69350,69352,69354,69356,69358,69360],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,69351,118],{"class":94},[50,69353,98],{"class":64},[50,69355,1267],{"class":94},[50,69357,98],{"class":64},[50,69359,8418],{"class":101},[50,69361,478],{"class":64},[50,69363,69364,69366,69368,69370,69372,69374],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,69365,118],{"class":94},[50,69367,98],{"class":64},[50,69369,558],{"class":557},[50,69371,98],{"class":64},[50,69373,8418],{"class":101},[50,69375,478],{"class":64},[50,69377,69378,69380,69382,69384,69386,69388],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,69379,118],{"class":94},[50,69381,98],{"class":64},[50,69383,8418],{"class":101},[50,69385,363],{"class":64},[50,69387,2220],{"class":68},[50,69389,3970],{"class":64},[20,69391,69392],{},"These help you verify:",[158,69394,69395,69398,69400,69403],{},[161,69396,69397],{},"what the variable contains",[161,69399,60849],{},[161,69401,69402],{},"whether it is really a list",[161,69404,69405],{},"what the first item is",[20,69407,69408,69409,69412],{},"Be careful with ",[15,69410,69411],{},"print(my_list[0])"," if the list might be empty.",[36,69414,5040,69416,69418],{"id":69415},"when-to-use-len-with-lists",[15,69417,1454],{}," with lists",[20,69420,69421,69422,69424],{},"You will often use ",[15,69423,1454],{}," in real programs.",[20,69426,9451],{},[158,69428,69429,69431,69434,69437],{},[161,69430,51839],{},[161,69432,69433],{},"Control loops",[161,69435,69436],{},"Validate input or results",[161,69438,69439],{},"Compare the sizes of two lists",[20,69441,69442],{},"Example: comparing two lists",[41,69444,69446],{"className":43,"code":69445,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [10, 20]\n\nprint(len(a))\nprint(len(b))\nprint(len(a) > len(b))\n",[15,69447,69448,69468,69484,69488,69502,69516],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,69449,69450,69452,69454,69456,69458,69460,69462,69464,69466],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,69451,2652],{"class":56},[50,69453,61],{"class":60},[50,69455,65],{"class":64},[50,69457,366],{"class":68},[50,69459,72],{"class":64},[50,69461,80],{"class":68},[50,69463,72],{"class":64},[50,69465,500],{"class":68},[50,69467,83],{"class":64},[50,69469,69470,69472,69474,69476,69478,69480,69482],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,69471,2680],{"class":56},[50,69473,61],{"class":60},[50,69475,65],{"class":64},[50,69477,1618],{"class":68},[50,69479,72],{"class":64},[50,69481,840],{"class":68},[50,69483,83],{"class":64},[50,69485,69486],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,69487,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,69489,69490,69492,69494,69496,69498,69500],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,69491,118],{"class":94},[50,69493,98],{"class":64},[50,69495,1267],{"class":94},[50,69497,98],{"class":64},[50,69499,421],{"class":101},[50,69501,478],{"class":64},[50,69503,69504,69506,69508,69510,69512,69514],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,69505,118],{"class":94},[50,69507,98],{"class":64},[50,69509,1267],{"class":94},[50,69511,98],{"class":64},[50,69513,4839],{"class":101},[50,69515,478],{"class":64},[50,69517,69518,69520,69522,69524,69526,69528,69530,69532,69534,69536,69538],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,69519,118],{"class":94},[50,69521,98],{"class":64},[50,69523,1267],{"class":94},[50,69525,98],{"class":64},[50,69527,421],{"class":101},[50,69529,126],{"class":64},[50,69531,38464],{"class":60},[50,69533,38454],{"class":94},[50,69535,98],{"class":64},[50,69537,4839],{"class":101},[50,69539,478],{"class":64},[20,69541,353],{},[41,69543,69545],{"className":43,"code":69544,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"3\n2\nTrue\n",[15,69546,69547,69551,69555],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,69548,69549],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,69550,46687],{"class":68},[50,69552,69553],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,69554,17128],{"class":68},[50,69556,69557],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,69558,4061],{"class":207},[20,69560,69561],{},"Example: using length in a loop",[41,69563,69565],{"className":43,"code":69564,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(names)):\n    print(i, names[i])\n",[15,69566,69567,69599,69603,69625],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,69568,69569,69571,69573,69575,69577,69579,69581,69583,69585,69587,69589,69591,69593,69595,69597],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,69570,5074],{"class":56},[50,69572,61],{"class":60},[50,69574,65],{"class":64},[50,69576,811],{"class":604},[50,69578,824],{"class":608},[50,69580,811],{"class":604},[50,69582,72],{"class":64},[50,69584,700],{"class":604},[50,69586,36010],{"class":608},[50,69588,811],{"class":604},[50,69590,72],{"class":64},[50,69592,700],{"class":604},[50,69594,36019],{"class":608},[50,69596,811],{"class":604},[50,69598,83],{"class":64},[50,69600,69601],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,69602,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,69604,69605,69607,69610,69612,69614,69616,69618,69620,69622],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,69606,6035],{"class":3957},[50,69608,69609],{"class":56}," i ",[50,69611,3964],{"class":3957},[50,69613,54139],{"class":94},[50,69615,98],{"class":64},[50,69617,1267],{"class":94},[50,69619,98],{"class":64},[50,69621,5118],{"class":101},[50,69623,69624],{"class":64},")):\n",[50,69626,69627,69629,69631,69633,69635,69638,69640,69642],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,69628,8148],{"class":94},[50,69630,98],{"class":64},[50,69632,36224],{"class":101},[50,69634,72],{"class":64},[50,69636,69637],{"class":101}," names",[50,69639,363],{"class":64},[50,69641,36224],{"class":101},[50,69643,3970],{"class":64},[20,69645,353],{},[41,69647,69648],{"className":43,"code":36068,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,69649,69650,69656,69662],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,69651,69652,69654],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,69653,2220],{"class":68},[50,69655,36077],{"class":56},[50,69657,69658,69660],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,69659,366],{"class":68},[50,69661,36084],{"class":56},[50,69663,69664,69666],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,69665,1564],{"class":68},[50,69667,36091],{"class":56},[20,69669,69670,69671,425],{},"This works, but if you want to practice looping through lists more safely and clearly, see ",[421,69672,69674],{"href":69673},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to loop through a list in Python",[20,69676,69677,69678,69680],{},"You can also read ",[421,69679,51616],{"href":51615}," for a task-focused guide.",[36,69682,1913],{"id":1912},[222,69684,69686],{"id":69685},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python","How do I get the length of a list in Python?",[20,69688,920,69689,69692],{},[15,69690,69691],{},"len(your_list)",". It returns the number of items in the list.",[222,69694,1927,69696,1930],{"id":69695},"what-does-len-return",[15,69697,69698],{},"len([])",[20,69700,5227,69701,69703],{},[15,69702,2220],{}," because the list is empty.",[222,69705,69707],{"id":69706},"is-the-list-length-the-same-as-the-last-index","Is the list length the same as the last index?",[20,69709,69710],{},"No. The last index is one less than the length.",[222,69712,28398,69714,69716],{"id":69713},"can-i-use-my_listlen-in-python",[15,69715,68892],{}," in Python?",[20,69718,30339,69719,8301,69721,69723],{},[15,69720,68338],{},[15,69722,1454],{}," is a built-in function.",[36,69725,1975],{"id":1974},[158,69727,69728,69734,69738,69742,69746],{},[161,69729,69730],{},[421,69731,13,69732,1461],{"href":1458},[15,69733,1454],{},[161,69735,69736],{},[421,69737,52660],{"href":51615},[161,69739,69740],{},[421,69741,1909],{"href":1908},[161,69743,69744],{},[421,69745,69320],{"href":69319},[161,69747,69748],{},[421,69749,69750],{"href":69673},"How to loop through a list in Python",[2018,69752,69753],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":69755},[69756,69757,69759,69760,69761,69762,69770,69772,69780],{"id":15234,"depth":86,"text":15235},{"id":68330,"depth":86,"text":69758},"What len() returns for a list",{"id":5863,"depth":86,"text":5864},{"id":68599,"depth":86,"text":68600},{"id":68740,"depth":86,"text":68741},{"id":4597,"depth":86,"text":4598,"children":69763},[69764,69766,69767,69768],{"id":68889,"depth":108,"text":69765},"Using my_list.len() instead of len(my_list)",{"id":25755,"depth":108,"text":25756},{"id":69069,"depth":108,"text":69070},{"id":69323,"depth":108,"text":69769},"Using len() on the wrong variable",{"id":69415,"depth":86,"text":69771},"When to use len() with lists",{"id":1912,"depth":86,"text":1913,"children":69773},[69774,69775,69777,69778],{"id":69685,"depth":108,"text":69686},{"id":69695,"depth":108,"text":69776},"What does len([]) return?",{"id":69706,"depth":108,"text":69707},{"id":69713,"depth":108,"text":69779},"Can I use my_list.len() in Python?",{"id":1974,"depth":86,"text":1975},"Master python list length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":68225,"description":69781},"reference\u002Fpython-list-length-len","rGvdzxYi-qjWScdxkRoGgEetqY15UkNJ5EhQHJLekL8",{"id":69787,"title":69788,"body":69789,"description":71771,"extension":2064,"meta":71772,"navigation":111,"path":71773,"seo":71774,"stem":71775,"__hash__":71776},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method.md","Python List pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":69790,"toc":71744},[69791,69794,69799,69802,69810,69823,69825,69890,69892,69914,69919,69923,69928,69936,69938,69948,69950,70031,70033,70063,70065,70084,70089,70106,70108,70192,70194,70224,70229,70233,70239,70323,70325,70355,70358,70362,70365,70456,70458,70496,70499,70584,70586,70616,70622,70629,70633,70638,70647,70649,70734,70736,70765,70768,70776,70780,70784,70793,70816,70818,70840,70842,70856,70858,70918,70922,70927,70966,70968,70985,70987,70997,71096,71101,71105,71110,71153,71155,71183,71185,71199,71274,71276,71298,71302,71305,71310,71321,71326,71334,71337,71408,71410,71435,71492,71494,71515,71524,71532,71537,71539,71544,71565,71568,71643,71646,71660,71667,71669,71673,71679,71683,71693,71697,71704,71708,71714,71716,71741],[10,69792,69788],{"id":69793},"python-list-pop-method",[20,69795,69796,69798],{},[15,69797,55151],{}," removes an item from a list and returns it.",[20,69800,69801],{},"This method is useful when you want to both:",[158,69803,69804,69807],{},[161,69805,69806],{},"delete an item from a list",[161,69808,69809],{},"keep the removed value for later use",[20,69811,69812,69813,69815,69816,8784,69818,69822],{},"If you do not pass an index, ",[15,69814,12836],{}," removes the last item. Beginners often confuse ",[15,69817,12836],{},[421,69819,69820],{"href":55141},[15,69821,55597],{},", or expect it to create a new list instead of changing the original one.",[36,69824,2105],{"id":2104},[41,69826,69828],{"className":43,"code":69827,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nlast_item = numbers.pop()\n\nprint(last_item)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,69829,69830,69850,69865,69869,69880],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,69831,69832,69834,69836,69838,69840,69842,69844,69846,69848],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,69833,57],{"class":56},[50,69835,61],{"class":60},[50,69837,65],{"class":64},[50,69839,1618],{"class":68},[50,69841,72],{"class":64},[50,69843,840],{"class":68},[50,69845,72],{"class":64},[50,69847,1627],{"class":68},[50,69849,83],{"class":64},[50,69851,69852,69855,69857,69859,69861,69863],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,69853,69854],{"class":56},"last_item ",[50,69856,61],{"class":60},[50,69858,4341],{"class":56},[50,69860,425],{"class":64},[50,69862,26310],{"class":101},[50,69864,8722],{"class":64},[50,69866,69867],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,69868,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,69870,69871,69873,69875,69878],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,69872,118],{"class":94},[50,69874,98],{"class":64},[50,69876,69877],{"class":101},"last_item",[50,69879,105],{"class":64},[50,69881,69882,69884,69886,69888],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,69883,118],{"class":94},[50,69885,98],{"class":64},[50,69887,102],{"class":101},[50,69889,105],{"class":64},[20,69891,353],{},[41,69893,69895],{"className":43,"code":69894,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"30\n[10, 20]\n",[15,69896,69897,69902],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,69898,69899],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,69900,69901],{"class":68},"30\n",[50,69903,69904,69906,69908,69910,69912],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,69905,363],{"class":64},[50,69907,1618],{"class":68},[50,69909,72],{"class":64},[50,69911,840],{"class":68},[50,69913,83],{"class":64},[20,69915,920,69916,69918],{},[15,69917,12836],{}," to remove and return an item from a list. With no argument, it removes the last item.",[36,69920,69922],{"id":69921},"what-pop-does","What pop() does",[20,69924,69925,69927],{},[15,69926,12836],{}," has two main jobs:",[158,69929,69930,69933],{},[161,69931,69932],{},"It removes one item from a list",[161,69934,69935],{},"It returns the item that was removed",[20,69937,43719],{},[158,69939,69940,69943,69946],{},[161,69941,69942],{},"If no index is given, it removes the last item",[161,69944,69945],{},"It changes the original list",[161,69947,52815],{},[20,69949,1602],{},[41,69951,69953],{"className":43,"code":69952,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nremoved = colors.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,69954,69955,69987,69991,70006,70010,70021],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,69956,69957,69959,69961,69963,69965,69967,69969,69971,69973,69975,69977,69979,69981,69983,69985],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,69958,13149],{"class":56},[50,69960,61],{"class":60},[50,69962,65],{"class":64},[50,69964,811],{"class":604},[50,69966,13166],{"class":608},[50,69968,811],{"class":604},[50,69970,72],{"class":64},[50,69972,700],{"class":604},[50,69974,17525],{"class":608},[50,69976,811],{"class":604},[50,69978,72],{"class":64},[50,69980,700],{"class":604},[50,69982,13183],{"class":608},[50,69984,811],{"class":604},[50,69986,83],{"class":64},[50,69988,69989],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,69990,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,69992,69993,69996,69998,70000,70002,70004],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,69994,69995],{"class":56},"removed ",[50,69997,61],{"class":60},[50,69999,13197],{"class":56},[50,70001,425],{"class":64},[50,70003,26310],{"class":101},[50,70005,8722],{"class":64},[50,70007,70008],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,70009,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,70011,70012,70014,70016,70019],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,70013,118],{"class":94},[50,70015,98],{"class":64},[50,70017,70018],{"class":101},"removed",[50,70020,105],{"class":64},[50,70022,70023,70025,70027,70029],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,70024,118],{"class":94},[50,70026,98],{"class":64},[50,70028,17572],{"class":101},[50,70030,105],{"class":64},[20,70032,353],{},[41,70034,70036],{"className":43,"code":70035,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"blue\n['red', 'green']\n",[15,70037,70038,70043],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,70039,70040],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,70041,70042],{"class":56},"blue\n",[50,70044,70045,70047,70049,70051,70053,70055,70057,70059,70061],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,70046,363],{"class":64},[50,70048,611],{"class":604},[50,70050,13166],{"class":608},[50,70052,611],{"class":604},[50,70054,72],{"class":64},[50,70056,605],{"class":604},[50,70058,17525],{"class":608},[50,70060,611],{"class":604},[50,70062,83],{"class":64},[36,70064,181],{"id":180},[41,70066,70068],{"className":43,"code":70067,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"list.pop([index])\n",[15,70069,70070],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,70071,70072,70074,70076,70078,70080,70082],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,70073,437],{"class":557},[50,70075,425],{"class":64},[50,70077,26310],{"class":101},[50,70079,1792],{"class":64},[50,70081,35915],{"class":101},[50,70083,3970],{"class":64},[20,70085,1185,70086,70088],{},[15,70087,35915],{}," is optional.",[158,70090,70091,70097,70103],{},[161,70092,70093,70094,70096],{},"If you do not give an index, ",[15,70095,12836],{}," removes the last item",[161,70098,70099,70100,70102],{},"If you give an index, ",[15,70101,12836],{}," removes the item at that position",[161,70104,70105],{},"You can store the result in a variable",[20,70107,1602],{},[41,70109,70111],{"className":43,"code":70110,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nitem = letters.pop(1)\n\nprint(item)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,70112,70113,70145,70149,70168,70172,70182],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,70114,70115,70117,70119,70121,70123,70125,70127,70129,70131,70133,70135,70137,70139,70141,70143],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,70116,36160],{"class":56},[50,70118,61],{"class":60},[50,70120,65],{"class":64},[50,70122,811],{"class":604},[50,70124,421],{"class":608},[50,70126,811],{"class":604},[50,70128,72],{"class":64},[50,70130,700],{"class":604},[50,70132,4839],{"class":608},[50,70134,811],{"class":604},[50,70136,72],{"class":64},[50,70138,700],{"class":604},[50,70140,9817],{"class":608},[50,70142,811],{"class":604},[50,70144,83],{"class":64},[50,70146,70147],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,70148,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,70150,70151,70153,70155,70158,70160,70162,70164,70166],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,70152,28608],{"class":56},[50,70154,61],{"class":60},[50,70156,70157],{"class":56}," letters",[50,70159,425],{"class":64},[50,70161,26310],{"class":101},[50,70163,98],{"class":64},[50,70165,366],{"class":68},[50,70167,105],{"class":64},[50,70169,70170],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,70171,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,70173,70174,70176,70178,70180],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,70175,118],{"class":94},[50,70177,98],{"class":64},[50,70179,23379],{"class":101},[50,70181,105],{"class":64},[50,70183,70184,70186,70188,70190],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,70185,118],{"class":94},[50,70187,98],{"class":64},[50,70189,36213],{"class":101},[50,70191,105],{"class":64},[20,70193,353],{},[41,70195,70197],{"className":43,"code":70196,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"b\n['a', 'c']\n",[15,70198,70199,70204],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,70200,70201],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,70202,70203],{"class":56},"b\n",[50,70205,70206,70208,70210,70212,70214,70216,70218,70220,70222],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,70207,363],{"class":64},[50,70209,611],{"class":604},[50,70211,421],{"class":608},[50,70213,611],{"class":604},[50,70215,72],{"class":64},[50,70217,605],{"class":604},[50,70219,9817],{"class":608},[50,70221,611],{"class":604},[50,70223,83],{"class":64},[20,70225,70226,70227,425],{},"If you are new to list positions, see ",[421,70228,1909],{"href":1908},[36,70230,70232],{"id":70231},"using-pop-without-an-index","Using pop() without an index",[20,70234,70235,70236,70238],{},"When you call ",[15,70237,12836],{}," with no argument, Python removes the last item in the list.",[41,70240,70242],{"className":43,"code":70241,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"tasks = [\"write\", \"test\", \"submit\"]\n\nlast_task = tasks.pop()\n\nprint(last_task)\nprint(tasks)\n",[15,70243,70244,70279,70283,70298,70302,70313],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,70245,70246,70248,70250,70252,70254,70257,70259,70261,70263,70266,70268,70270,70272,70275,70277],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,70247,29966],{"class":56},[50,70249,61],{"class":60},[50,70251,65],{"class":64},[50,70253,811],{"class":604},[50,70255,70256],{"class":608},"write",[50,70258,811],{"class":604},[50,70260,72],{"class":64},[50,70262,700],{"class":604},[50,70264,70265],{"class":608},"test",[50,70267,811],{"class":604},[50,70269,72],{"class":64},[50,70271,700],{"class":604},[50,70273,70274],{"class":608},"submit",[50,70276,811],{"class":604},[50,70278,83],{"class":64},[50,70280,70281],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,70282,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,70284,70285,70288,70290,70292,70294,70296],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,70286,70287],{"class":56},"last_task ",[50,70289,61],{"class":60},[50,70291,30044],{"class":56},[50,70293,425],{"class":64},[50,70295,26310],{"class":101},[50,70297,8722],{"class":64},[50,70299,70300],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,70301,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,70303,70304,70306,70308,70311],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,70305,118],{"class":94},[50,70307,98],{"class":64},[50,70309,70310],{"class":101},"last_task",[50,70312,105],{"class":64},[50,70314,70315,70317,70319,70321],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,70316,118],{"class":94},[50,70318,98],{"class":64},[50,70320,36574],{"class":101},[50,70322,105],{"class":64},[20,70324,353],{},[41,70326,70328],{"className":43,"code":70327,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"submit\n['write', 'test']\n",[15,70329,70330,70335],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,70331,70332],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,70333,70334],{"class":56},"submit\n",[50,70336,70337,70339,70341,70343,70345,70347,70349,70351,70353],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,70338,363],{"class":64},[50,70340,611],{"class":604},[50,70342,70256],{"class":608},[50,70344,611],{"class":604},[50,70346,72],{"class":64},[50,70348,605],{"class":604},[50,70350,70265],{"class":608},[50,70352,611],{"class":604},[50,70354,83],{"class":64},[20,70356,70357],{},"This is useful when using a list like a stack, where the last item added is the first item removed.",[36,70359,70361],{"id":70360},"using-pop-with-an-index","Using pop() with an index",[20,70363,70364],{},"You can pass an integer index to remove an item at a specific position.",[41,70366,70368],{"className":43,"code":70367,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\", \"orange\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,70369,70370,70410,70414,70432,70436,70446],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,70371,70372,70374,70376,70378,70380,70382,70384,70386,70388,70390,70392,70394,70396,70398,70400,70402,70404,70406,70408],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,70373,36307],{"class":56},[50,70375,61],{"class":60},[50,70377,65],{"class":64},[50,70379,811],{"class":604},[50,70381,1049],{"class":608},[50,70383,811],{"class":604},[50,70385,72],{"class":64},[50,70387,700],{"class":604},[50,70389,1058],{"class":608},[50,70391,811],{"class":604},[50,70393,72],{"class":64},[50,70395,700],{"class":604},[50,70397,1067],{"class":608},[50,70399,811],{"class":604},[50,70401,72],{"class":64},[50,70403,700],{"class":604},[50,70405,33291],{"class":608},[50,70407,811],{"class":604},[50,70409,83],{"class":64},[50,70411,70412],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,70413,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,70415,70416,70418,70420,70422,70424,70426,70428,70430],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,70417,69995],{"class":56},[50,70419,61],{"class":60},[50,70421,52920],{"class":56},[50,70423,425],{"class":64},[50,70425,26310],{"class":101},[50,70427,98],{"class":64},[50,70429,366],{"class":68},[50,70431,105],{"class":64},[50,70433,70434],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,70435,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,70437,70438,70440,70442,70444],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,70439,118],{"class":94},[50,70441,98],{"class":64},[50,70443,70018],{"class":101},[50,70445,105],{"class":64},[50,70447,70448,70450,70452,70454],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,70449,118],{"class":94},[50,70451,98],{"class":64},[50,70453,36359],{"class":101},[50,70455,105],{"class":64},[20,70457,353],{},[41,70459,70461],{"className":43,"code":70460,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"banana\n['apple', 'cherry', 'orange']\n",[15,70462,70463,70468],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,70464,70465],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,70466,70467],{"class":56},"banana\n",[50,70469,70470,70472,70474,70476,70478,70480,70482,70484,70486,70488,70490,70492,70494],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,70471,363],{"class":64},[50,70473,611],{"class":604},[50,70475,1049],{"class":608},[50,70477,611],{"class":604},[50,70479,72],{"class":64},[50,70481,605],{"class":604},[50,70483,1067],{"class":608},[50,70485,611],{"class":604},[50,70487,72],{"class":64},[50,70489,605],{"class":604},[50,70491,33291],{"class":608},[50,70493,611],{"class":604},[50,70495,83],{"class":64},[20,70497,70498],{},"You can also use negative indexes:",[41,70500,70502],{"className":43,"code":70501,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(-1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,70503,70504,70536,70540,70560,70564,70574],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,70505,70506,70508,70510,70512,70514,70516,70518,70520,70522,70524,70526,70528,70530,70532,70534],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,70507,36307],{"class":56},[50,70509,61],{"class":60},[50,70511,65],{"class":64},[50,70513,811],{"class":604},[50,70515,1049],{"class":608},[50,70517,811],{"class":604},[50,70519,72],{"class":64},[50,70521,700],{"class":604},[50,70523,1058],{"class":608},[50,70525,811],{"class":604},[50,70527,72],{"class":64},[50,70529,700],{"class":604},[50,70531,1067],{"class":608},[50,70533,811],{"class":604},[50,70535,83],{"class":64},[50,70537,70538],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,70539,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,70541,70542,70544,70546,70548,70550,70552,70554,70556,70558],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,70543,69995],{"class":56},[50,70545,61],{"class":60},[50,70547,52920],{"class":56},[50,70549,425],{"class":64},[50,70551,26310],{"class":101},[50,70553,98],{"class":64},[50,70555,2124],{"class":60},[50,70557,366],{"class":68},[50,70559,105],{"class":64},[50,70561,70562],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,70563,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,70565,70566,70568,70570,70572],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,70567,118],{"class":94},[50,70569,98],{"class":64},[50,70571,70018],{"class":101},[50,70573,105],{"class":64},[50,70575,70576,70578,70580,70582],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,70577,118],{"class":94},[50,70579,98],{"class":64},[50,70581,36359],{"class":101},[50,70583,105],{"class":64},[20,70585,353],{},[41,70587,70589],{"className":43,"code":70588,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"cherry\n['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,70590,70591,70596],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,70592,70593],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,70594,70595],{"class":56},"cherry\n",[50,70597,70598,70600,70602,70604,70606,70608,70610,70612,70614],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,70599,363],{"class":64},[50,70601,611],{"class":604},[50,70603,1049],{"class":608},[50,70605,611],{"class":604},[50,70607,72],{"class":64},[50,70609,605],{"class":604},[50,70611,1058],{"class":608},[50,70613,611],{"class":604},[50,70615,83],{"class":64},[20,70617,70618,70619,70621],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. So ",[15,70620,65915],{}," means the last item.",[20,70623,70624,70625,425],{},"If you need to find a position before removing it, see the ",[421,70626,70627,10816],{"href":59032},[15,70628,64926],{},[36,70630,70632],{"id":70631},"what-pop-returns","What pop() returns",[20,70634,70635,70637],{},[15,70636,12836],{}," returns the item that was removed.",[20,70639,70640,70641,4472,70643,425],{},"This is one of the biggest differences between ",[15,70642,12836],{},[421,70644,70645],{"href":55141},[15,70646,55597],{},[20,70648,1602],{},[41,70650,70652],{"className":43,"code":70651,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nremoved_name = names.pop(0)\n\nprint(removed_name)\nprint(names)\n",[15,70653,70654,70686,70690,70709,70713,70724],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,70655,70656,70658,70660,70662,70664,70666,70668,70670,70672,70674,70676,70678,70680,70682,70684],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,70657,5074],{"class":56},[50,70659,61],{"class":60},[50,70661,65],{"class":64},[50,70663,811],{"class":604},[50,70665,824],{"class":608},[50,70667,811],{"class":604},[50,70669,72],{"class":64},[50,70671,700],{"class":604},[50,70673,36010],{"class":608},[50,70675,811],{"class":604},[50,70677,72],{"class":64},[50,70679,700],{"class":604},[50,70681,36019],{"class":608},[50,70683,811],{"class":604},[50,70685,83],{"class":64},[50,70687,70688],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,70689,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,70691,70692,70695,70697,70699,70701,70703,70705,70707],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,70693,70694],{"class":56},"removed_name ",[50,70696,61],{"class":60},[50,70698,69637],{"class":56},[50,70700,425],{"class":64},[50,70702,26310],{"class":101},[50,70704,98],{"class":64},[50,70706,2220],{"class":68},[50,70708,105],{"class":64},[50,70710,70711],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,70712,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,70714,70715,70717,70719,70722],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,70716,118],{"class":94},[50,70718,98],{"class":64},[50,70720,70721],{"class":101},"removed_name",[50,70723,105],{"class":64},[50,70725,70726,70728,70730,70732],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,70727,118],{"class":94},[50,70729,98],{"class":64},[50,70731,5118],{"class":101},[50,70733,105],{"class":64},[20,70735,353],{},[41,70737,70739],{"className":43,"code":70738,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Ana\n['Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,70740,70741,70745],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,70742,70743],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,70744,50109],{"class":56},[50,70746,70747,70749,70751,70753,70755,70757,70759,70761,70763],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,70748,363],{"class":64},[50,70750,611],{"class":604},[50,70752,36010],{"class":608},[50,70754,611],{"class":604},[50,70756,72],{"class":64},[50,70758,605],{"class":604},[50,70760,36019],{"class":608},[50,70762,611],{"class":604},[50,70764,83],{"class":64},[20,70766,70767],{},"This is useful when you need the removed value after taking it out of the list.",[20,70769,70770,70771,70773,70774,425],{},"By comparison, ",[15,70772,55597],{}," deletes by value and returns ",[15,70775,208],{},[36,70777,70779],{"id":70778},"common-errors-and-edge-cases","Common errors and edge cases",[222,70781,70783],{"id":70782},"popping-from-an-empty-list","Popping from an empty list",[20,70785,70786,70787,70789,70790,425],{},"If the list is empty, ",[15,70788,12836],{}," raises an ",[15,70791,70792],{},"IndexError",[41,70794,70796],{"className":43,"code":70795,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = []\nitems.pop()\n",[15,70797,70798,70806],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,70799,70800,70802,70804],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,70801,7859],{"class":56},[50,70803,61],{"class":60},[50,70805,7917],{"class":64},[50,70807,70808,70810,70812,70814],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,70809,7888],{"class":56},[50,70811,425],{"class":64},[50,70813,26310],{"class":101},[50,70815,8722],{"class":64},[20,70817,353],{},[41,70819,70821],{"className":43,"code":70820,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"IndexError: pop from empty list\n",[15,70822,70823],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,70824,70825,70827,70829,70832,70835,70838],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,70826,70792],{"class":557},[50,70828,819],{"class":64},[50,70830,70831],{"class":56}," pop ",[50,70833,70834],{"class":3957},"from",[50,70836,70837],{"class":56}," empty ",[50,70839,49955],{"class":557},[20,70841,39330],{},[158,70843,70844,70849],{},[161,70845,70846,70847],{},"Check that the list is not empty before calling ",[15,70848,12836],{},[161,70850,70851,70852,4472,70854],{},"Or handle the error with ",[15,70853,29872],{},[15,70855,29903],{},[20,70857,1602],{},[41,70859,70861],{"className":43,"code":70860,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = []\n\nif items:\n    print(items.pop())\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty.\")\n",[15,70862,70863,70871,70875,70883,70897,70903],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,70864,70865,70867,70869],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,70866,7859],{"class":56},[50,70868,61],{"class":60},[50,70870,7917],{"class":64},[50,70872,70873],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,70874,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,70876,70877,70879,70881],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,70878,7076],{"class":3957},[50,70880,6043],{"class":56},[50,70882,6470],{"class":64},[50,70884,70885,70887,70889,70891,70893,70895],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,70886,8148],{"class":94},[50,70888,98],{"class":64},[50,70890,7888],{"class":101},[50,70892,425],{"class":64},[50,70894,26310],{"class":101},[50,70896,7273],{"class":64},[50,70898,70899,70901],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,70900,27503],{"class":3957},[50,70902,6470],{"class":64},[50,70904,70905,70907,70909,70911,70914,70916],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,70906,8148],{"class":94},[50,70908,98],{"class":64},[50,70910,811],{"class":604},[50,70912,70913],{"class":608},"The list is empty.",[50,70915,811],{"class":604},[50,70917,105],{"class":64},[222,70919,70921],{"id":70920},"using-an-index-that-does-not-exist","Using an index that does not exist",[20,70923,70924,70925,425],{},"If the index is outside the valid range, Python raises an ",[15,70926,70792],{},[41,70928,70930],{"className":43,"code":70929,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(5)\n",[15,70931,70932,70952],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,70933,70934,70936,70938,70940,70942,70944,70946,70948,70950],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,70935,57],{"class":56},[50,70937,61],{"class":60},[50,70939,65],{"class":64},[50,70941,1618],{"class":68},[50,70943,72],{"class":64},[50,70945,840],{"class":68},[50,70947,72],{"class":64},[50,70949,1627],{"class":68},[50,70951,83],{"class":64},[50,70953,70954,70956,70958,70960,70962,70964],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,70955,102],{"class":56},[50,70957,425],{"class":64},[50,70959,26310],{"class":101},[50,70961,98],{"class":64},[50,70963,290],{"class":68},[50,70965,105],{"class":64},[20,70967,353],{},[41,70969,70971],{"className":43,"code":70970,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"IndexError: pop index out of range\n",[15,70972,70973],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,70974,70975,70977,70979,70982],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,70976,70792],{"class":557},[50,70978,819],{"class":64},[50,70980,70981],{"class":56}," pop index out of ",[50,70983,70984],{"class":94},"range\n",[20,70986,39330],{},[158,70988,70989,70994],{},[161,70990,70991,70992],{},"Check the list length with ",[15,70993,1454],{},[161,70995,70996],{},"Make sure the index is valid before removing",[41,70998,71000],{"className":43,"code":70999,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = 2\n\nif 0 \u003C= index \u003C len(numbers):\n    print(numbers.pop(index))\nelse:\n    print(\"Index is out of range.\")\n",[15,71001,71002,71022,71031,71035,71057,71075,71081],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,71003,71004,71006,71008,71010,71012,71014,71016,71018,71020],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,71005,57],{"class":56},[50,71007,61],{"class":60},[50,71009,65],{"class":64},[50,71011,1618],{"class":68},[50,71013,72],{"class":64},[50,71015,840],{"class":68},[50,71017,72],{"class":64},[50,71019,1627],{"class":68},[50,71021,83],{"class":64},[50,71023,71024,71027,71029],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,71025,71026],{"class":56},"index ",[50,71028,61],{"class":60},[50,71030,45659],{"class":68},[50,71032,71033],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,71034,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,71036,71037,71039,71041,71044,71047,71049,71051,71053,71055],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,71038,7076],{"class":3957},[50,71040,3914],{"class":68},[50,71042,71043],{"class":60}," \u003C=",[50,71045,71046],{"class":56}," index ",[50,71048,597],{"class":60},[50,71050,38454],{"class":94},[50,71052,98],{"class":64},[50,71054,102],{"class":101},[50,71056,8421],{"class":64},[50,71058,71059,71061,71063,71065,71067,71069,71071,71073],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,71060,8148],{"class":94},[50,71062,98],{"class":64},[50,71064,102],{"class":101},[50,71066,425],{"class":64},[50,71068,26310],{"class":101},[50,71070,98],{"class":64},[50,71072,35915],{"class":101},[50,71074,478],{"class":64},[50,71076,71077,71079],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,71078,27503],{"class":3957},[50,71080,6470],{"class":64},[50,71082,71083,71085,71087,71089,71092,71094],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,71084,8148],{"class":94},[50,71086,98],{"class":64},[50,71088,811],{"class":604},[50,71090,71091],{"class":608},"Index is out of range.",[50,71093,811],{"class":604},[50,71095,105],{"class":64},[20,71097,71098,71099,425],{},"For more help with this kind of problem, see ",[421,71100,69320],{"href":69319},[222,71102,71104],{"id":71103},"passing-a-non-integer-index","Passing a non-integer index",[20,71106,71107,71109],{},[15,71108,12836],{}," expects an integer index.",[41,71111,71113],{"className":43,"code":71112,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(\"1\")\n",[15,71114,71115,71135],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,71116,71117,71119,71121,71123,71125,71127,71129,71131,71133],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,71118,57],{"class":56},[50,71120,61],{"class":60},[50,71122,65],{"class":64},[50,71124,1618],{"class":68},[50,71126,72],{"class":64},[50,71128,840],{"class":68},[50,71130,72],{"class":64},[50,71132,1627],{"class":68},[50,71134,83],{"class":64},[50,71136,71137,71139,71141,71143,71145,71147,71149,71151],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,71138,102],{"class":56},[50,71140,425],{"class":64},[50,71142,26310],{"class":101},[50,71144,98],{"class":64},[50,71146,811],{"class":604},[50,71148,366],{"class":608},[50,71150,811],{"class":604},[50,71152,105],{"class":64},[20,71154,353],{},[41,71156,71158],{"className":43,"code":71157,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"TypeError: 'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer\n",[15,71159,71160],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,71161,71162,71164,71166,71168,71170,71172,71174,71177,71180],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,71163,1542],{"class":557},[50,71165,819],{"class":64},[50,71167,605],{"class":604},[50,71169,1395],{"class":608},[50,71171,611],{"class":604},[50,71173,24686],{"class":557},[50,71175,71176],{"class":56}," cannot be interpreted ",[50,71178,71179],{"class":3957},"as",[50,71181,71182],{"class":56}," an integer\n",[20,71184,39330],{},[158,71186,71187,71196],{},[161,71188,71189,71190,31,71192,2292,71194],{},"Pass an integer such as ",[15,71191,2220],{},[15,71193,366],{},[15,71195,65915],{},[161,71197,71198],{},"If the value comes from input, convert it first",[41,71200,71202],{"className":43,"code":71201,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = int(\"1\")\n\nprint(numbers.pop(index))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71203,71204,71224,71242,71246,71264],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,71205,71206,71208,71210,71212,71214,71216,71218,71220,71222],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,71207,57],{"class":56},[50,71209,61],{"class":60},[50,71211,65],{"class":64},[50,71213,1618],{"class":68},[50,71215,72],{"class":64},[50,71217,840],{"class":68},[50,71219,72],{"class":64},[50,71221,1627],{"class":68},[50,71223,83],{"class":64},[50,71225,71226,71228,71230,71232,71234,71236,71238,71240],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,71227,71026],{"class":56},[50,71229,61],{"class":60},[50,71231,45346],{"class":557},[50,71233,98],{"class":64},[50,71235,811],{"class":604},[50,71237,366],{"class":608},[50,71239,811],{"class":604},[50,71241,105],{"class":64},[50,71243,71244],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,71245,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,71247,71248,71250,71252,71254,71256,71258,71260,71262],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,71249,118],{"class":94},[50,71251,98],{"class":64},[50,71253,102],{"class":101},[50,71255,425],{"class":64},[50,71257,26310],{"class":101},[50,71259,98],{"class":64},[50,71261,35915],{"class":101},[50,71263,478],{"class":64},[50,71265,71266,71268,71270,71272],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,71267,118],{"class":94},[50,71269,98],{"class":64},[50,71271,102],{"class":101},[50,71273,105],{"class":64},[20,71275,353],{},[41,71277,71279],{"className":43,"code":71278,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"20\n[10, 30]\n",[15,71280,71281,71286],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,71282,71283],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,71284,71285],{"class":68},"20\n",[50,71287,71288,71290,71292,71294,71296],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,71289,363],{"class":64},[50,71291,1618],{"class":68},[50,71293,72],{"class":64},[50,71295,1627],{"class":68},[50,71297,83],{"class":64},[36,71299,71301],{"id":71300},"pop-vs-remove","pop() vs remove()",[20,71303,71304],{},"These methods are similar, but they are not the same.",[222,71306,920,71308,1504],{"id":71307},"use-pop-when",[15,71309,12836],{},[158,71311,71312,71315,71318],{},[161,71313,71314],{},"you want to remove by index",[161,71316,71317],{},"you want the removed item returned",[161,71319,71320],{},"you want to remove the last item by default",[222,71322,920,71324,1504],{"id":71323},"use-remove-when",[15,71325,55597],{},[158,71327,71328,71331],{},[161,71329,71330],{},"you want to remove by value",[161,71332,71333],{},"you know the item itself, not its position",[20,71335,71336],{},"Compare these examples:",[41,71338,71340],{"className":43,"code":71339,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nremoved = numbers.pop(1)\nprint(removed)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71341,71342,71366,71370,71388,71398],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,71343,71344,71346,71348,71350,71352,71354,71356,71358,71360,71362,71364],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,71345,57],{"class":56},[50,71347,61],{"class":60},[50,71349,65],{"class":64},[50,71351,1618],{"class":68},[50,71353,72],{"class":64},[50,71355,840],{"class":68},[50,71357,72],{"class":64},[50,71359,1627],{"class":68},[50,71361,72],{"class":64},[50,71363,840],{"class":68},[50,71365,83],{"class":64},[50,71367,71368],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,71369,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,71371,71372,71374,71376,71378,71380,71382,71384,71386],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,71373,69995],{"class":56},[50,71375,61],{"class":60},[50,71377,4341],{"class":56},[50,71379,425],{"class":64},[50,71381,26310],{"class":101},[50,71383,98],{"class":64},[50,71385,366],{"class":68},[50,71387,105],{"class":64},[50,71389,71390,71392,71394,71396],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,71391,118],{"class":94},[50,71393,98],{"class":64},[50,71395,70018],{"class":101},[50,71397,105],{"class":64},[50,71399,71400,71402,71404,71406],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,71401,118],{"class":94},[50,71403,98],{"class":64},[50,71405,102],{"class":101},[50,71407,105],{"class":64},[20,71409,353],{},[41,71411,71413],{"className":43,"code":71412,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"20\n[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,71414,71415,71419],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,71416,71417],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,71418,71285],{"class":68},[50,71420,71421,71423,71425,71427,71429,71431,71433],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,71422,363],{"class":64},[50,71424,1618],{"class":68},[50,71426,72],{"class":64},[50,71428,1627],{"class":68},[50,71430,72],{"class":64},[50,71432,840],{"class":68},[50,71434,83],{"class":64},[41,71436,71438],{"className":43,"code":71437,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nnumbers.remove(20)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71439,71440,71464,71468,71482],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,71441,71442,71444,71446,71448,71450,71452,71454,71456,71458,71460,71462],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,71443,57],{"class":56},[50,71445,61],{"class":60},[50,71447,65],{"class":64},[50,71449,1618],{"class":68},[50,71451,72],{"class":64},[50,71453,840],{"class":68},[50,71455,72],{"class":64},[50,71457,1627],{"class":68},[50,71459,72],{"class":64},[50,71461,840],{"class":68},[50,71463,83],{"class":64},[50,71465,71466],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,71467,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,71469,71470,71472,71474,71476,71478,71480],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,71471,102],{"class":56},[50,71473,425],{"class":64},[50,71475,34864],{"class":101},[50,71477,98],{"class":64},[50,71479,15826],{"class":68},[50,71481,105],{"class":64},[50,71483,71484,71486,71488,71490],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,71485,118],{"class":94},[50,71487,98],{"class":64},[50,71489,102],{"class":101},[50,71491,105],{"class":64},[20,71493,353],{},[41,71495,71497],{"className":43,"code":71496,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,71498,71499],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,71500,71501,71503,71505,71507,71509,71511,71513],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,71502,363],{"class":64},[50,71504,1618],{"class":68},[50,71506,72],{"class":64},[50,71508,1627],{"class":68},[50,71510,72],{"class":64},[50,71512,840],{"class":68},[50,71514,83],{"class":64},[20,71516,71517,71518,71521,71522,425],{},"In the first example, ",[15,71519,71520],{},"pop(1)"," removes the item at index ",[15,71523,366],{},[20,71525,56672,71526,71529,71530,425],{},[15,71527,71528],{},"remove(20)"," removes the first matching value ",[15,71531,15826],{},[20,71533,71534,71535,425],{},"If your goal is practical list cleanup, see ",[421,71536,55137],{"href":55136},[36,71538,1743],{"id":1742},[20,71540,71541,71542,819],{},"Beginners often run into these problems with ",[15,71543,12836],{},[158,71545,71546,71549,71552,71558,71562],{},[161,71547,71548],{},"Trying to pop from an empty list",[161,71550,71551],{},"Using an index larger than the list length",[161,71553,37273,71554,8784,71556],{},[15,71555,12836],{},[15,71557,55597],{},[161,71559,8532,71560,62036],{},[15,71561,12836],{},[161,71563,71564],{},"Passing a string instead of an integer index",[20,71566,71567],{},"Helpful checks while debugging:",[41,71569,71571],{"className":43,"code":71570,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.pop())\nprint(my_list.pop(0))\nprint(type(index))\n",[15,71572,71573,71583,71597,71611,71629],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,71574,71575,71577,71579,71581],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,71576,118],{"class":94},[50,71578,98],{"class":64},[50,71580,8418],{"class":101},[50,71582,105],{"class":64},[50,71584,71585,71587,71589,71591,71593,71595],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,71586,118],{"class":94},[50,71588,98],{"class":64},[50,71590,1267],{"class":94},[50,71592,98],{"class":64},[50,71594,8418],{"class":101},[50,71596,478],{"class":64},[50,71598,71599,71601,71603,71605,71607,71609],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,71600,118],{"class":94},[50,71602,98],{"class":64},[50,71604,8418],{"class":101},[50,71606,425],{"class":64},[50,71608,26310],{"class":101},[50,71610,7273],{"class":64},[50,71612,71613,71615,71617,71619,71621,71623,71625,71627],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,71614,118],{"class":94},[50,71616,98],{"class":64},[50,71618,8418],{"class":101},[50,71620,425],{"class":64},[50,71622,26310],{"class":101},[50,71624,98],{"class":64},[50,71626,2220],{"class":68},[50,71628,478],{"class":64},[50,71630,71631,71633,71635,71637,71639,71641],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,71632,118],{"class":94},[50,71634,98],{"class":64},[50,71636,558],{"class":557},[50,71638,98],{"class":64},[50,71640,35915],{"class":101},[50,71642,478],{"class":64},[20,71644,71645],{},"Be careful with these debugging lines:",[158,71647,71648,71654],{},[161,71649,71650,71653],{},[15,71651,71652],{},"print(my_list.pop())"," changes the list",[161,71655,71656,71659],{},[15,71657,71658],{},"print(my_list.pop(0))"," also changes the list",[20,71661,71662,71663,71666],{},"If you only want to inspect the list, use ",[15,71664,71665],{},"print(my_list)"," first.",[36,71668,1913],{"id":1912},[222,71670,71672],{"id":71671},"does-pop-remove-the-last-item-by-default","Does pop() remove the last item by default?",[20,71674,71675,71676,71678],{},"Yes. If you do not pass an index, ",[15,71677,12836],{}," removes and returns the last item.",[222,71680,71682],{"id":71681},"what-is-the-difference-between-pop-and-remove","What is the difference between pop() and remove()?",[20,71684,71685,71687,71688,71690,71691,425],{},[15,71686,12836],{}," removes by index and returns the removed item. ",[15,71689,55597],{}," removes by value and returns ",[15,71692,208],{},[222,71694,71696],{"id":71695},"can-pop-use-negative-indexes","Can pop() use negative indexes?",[20,71698,71699,71700,71703],{},"Yes. For example, ",[15,71701,71702],{},"pop(-1)"," removes the last item.",[222,71705,71707],{"id":71706},"what-happens-if-the-list-is-empty","What happens if the list is empty?",[20,71709,71710,71711,71713],{},"Python raises ",[15,71712,70792],{}," because there is no item to remove.",[36,71715,1975],{"id":1974},[158,71717,71718,71722,71727,71732,71737],{},[161,71719,71720],{},[421,71721,55583],{"href":55136},[161,71723,71724],{},[421,71725,71726],{"href":55141},"Python list remove() method",[161,71728,71729],{},[421,71730,71731],{"href":59032},"Python list index() method",[161,71733,71734],{},[421,71735,71736],{"href":1908},"Python lists explained: beginner guide",[161,71738,71739],{},[421,71740,69320],{"href":69319},[2018,71742,71743],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":71745},[71746,71747,71748,71749,71750,71751,71752,71757,71763,71764,71770],{"id":2104,"depth":86,"text":2105},{"id":69921,"depth":86,"text":69922},{"id":180,"depth":86,"text":181},{"id":70231,"depth":86,"text":70232},{"id":70360,"depth":86,"text":70361},{"id":70631,"depth":86,"text":70632},{"id":70778,"depth":86,"text":70779,"children":71753},[71754,71755,71756],{"id":70782,"depth":108,"text":70783},{"id":70920,"depth":108,"text":70921},{"id":71103,"depth":108,"text":71104},{"id":71300,"depth":86,"text":71301,"children":71758},[71759,71761],{"id":71307,"depth":108,"text":71760},"Use pop() when:",{"id":71323,"depth":108,"text":71762},"Use remove() when:",{"id":1742,"depth":86,"text":1743},{"id":1912,"depth":86,"text":1913,"children":71765},[71766,71767,71768,71769],{"id":71671,"depth":108,"text":71672},{"id":71681,"depth":108,"text":71682},{"id":71695,"depth":108,"text":71696},{"id":71706,"depth":108,"text":71707},{"id":1974,"depth":86,"text":1975},"Master python list pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method",{"title":69788,"description":71771},"reference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method","kHX2O4xs3stUx9ClpKy3mBjYQCERRseG-ecaBv6b1II",{"id":71778,"title":71779,"body":71780,"description":73566,"extension":2064,"meta":73567,"navigation":111,"path":73568,"seo":73569,"stem":73570,"__hash__":73571},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method.md","Python List remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":71781,"toc":73548},[71782,71785,71790,71796,71798,71868,71874,71878,71883,71904,71907,71974,71976,71997,72005,72007,72026,72042,72044,72109,72111,72136,72138,72140,72205,72207,72232,72234,72248,72251,72304,72306,72327,72331,72339,72412,72414,72447,72453,72459,72550,72552,72577,72583,72672,72674,72698,72700,72704,72759,72761,72793,72796,72799,72893,72895,72928,72934,72940,72944,72951,72977,72981,73046,73048,73073,73077,73158,73160,73189,73194,73199,73205,73209,73216,73238,73242,73301,73303,73327,73336,73341,73343,73347,73376,73378,73453,73456,73470,73476,73478,73482,73485,73489,73494,73498,73507,73511,73519,73521,73545],[10,71783,71779],{"id":71784},"python-list-remove-method",[20,71786,1185,71787,71789],{},[15,71788,55144],{}," method deletes the first item in a list that matches a given value.",[20,71791,71792,71793,71795],{},"Use this method when you know the ",[3824,71794,2570],{}," you want to remove, not the position. This page focuses on removing by value, not by index.",[36,71797,2105],{"id":2104},[41,71799,71801],{"className":43,"code":71800,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,71802,71803,71835,71853,71863],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,71804,71805,71807,71809,71811,71813,71815,71817,71819,71821,71823,71825,71827,71829,71831,71833],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,71806,7859],{"class":56},[50,71808,61],{"class":60},[50,71810,65],{"class":64},[50,71812,811],{"class":604},[50,71814,1049],{"class":608},[50,71816,811],{"class":604},[50,71818,72],{"class":64},[50,71820,700],{"class":604},[50,71822,1058],{"class":608},[50,71824,811],{"class":604},[50,71826,72],{"class":64},[50,71828,700],{"class":604},[50,71830,33291],{"class":608},[50,71832,811],{"class":604},[50,71834,83],{"class":64},[50,71836,71837,71839,71841,71843,71845,71847,71849,71851],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,71838,7888],{"class":56},[50,71840,425],{"class":64},[50,71842,34864],{"class":101},[50,71844,98],{"class":64},[50,71846,811],{"class":604},[50,71848,1058],{"class":608},[50,71850,811],{"class":604},[50,71852,105],{"class":64},[50,71854,71855,71857,71859,71861],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,71856,118],{"class":94},[50,71858,98],{"class":64},[50,71860,7888],{"class":101},[50,71862,105],{"class":64},[50,71864,71865],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,71866,71867],{"class":129},"# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[20,71869,920,71870,71873],{},[15,71871,71872],{},"remove(value)"," to delete the first matching item from a list.",[36,71875,71877],{"id":71876},"what-remove-does","What remove() does",[20,71879,71880,71882],{},[15,71881,55597],{}," is a list method that:",[158,71884,71885,71891,71896,71901],{},[161,71886,71887,71888,71890],{},"Deletes the ",[3824,71889,29977],{}," item in the list that matches the value",[161,71892,71893,71894],{},"Changes the original list ",[3824,71895,11409],{},[161,71897,1917,71898,71900],{},[3824,71899,4709],{}," return a new list",[161,71902,71903],{},"Is useful when you know the item value you want to delete",[20,71905,71906],{},"This is important for beginners:",[41,71908,71910],{"className":43,"code":71909,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.remove(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,71911,71912,71932,71950,71954,71964],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,71913,71914,71916,71918,71920,71922,71924,71926,71928,71930],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,71915,57],{"class":56},[50,71917,61],{"class":60},[50,71919,65],{"class":64},[50,71921,366],{"class":68},[50,71923,72],{"class":64},[50,71925,80],{"class":68},[50,71927,72],{"class":64},[50,71929,500],{"class":68},[50,71931,83],{"class":64},[50,71933,71934,71936,71938,71940,71942,71944,71946,71948],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,71935,89],{"class":56},[50,71937,61],{"class":60},[50,71939,4341],{"class":56},[50,71941,425],{"class":64},[50,71943,34864],{"class":101},[50,71945,98],{"class":64},[50,71947,1564],{"class":68},[50,71949,105],{"class":64},[50,71951,71952],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,71953,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,71955,71956,71958,71960,71962],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,71957,118],{"class":94},[50,71959,98],{"class":64},[50,71961,102],{"class":101},[50,71963,105],{"class":64},[50,71965,71966,71968,71970,71972],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,71967,118],{"class":94},[50,71969,98],{"class":64},[50,71971,123],{"class":101},[50,71973,105],{"class":64},[20,71975,353],{},[41,71977,71979],{"className":43,"code":71978,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[1, 3]\nNone\n",[15,71980,71981,71993],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,71982,71983,71985,71987,71989,71991],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,71984,363],{"class":64},[50,71986,366],{"class":68},[50,71988,72],{"class":64},[50,71990,500],{"class":68},[50,71992,83],{"class":64},[50,71994,71995],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,71996,11882],{"class":207},[20,71998,71999,72000,72002,72003,425],{},"The list changed, but ",[15,72001,55597],{}," itself returned ",[15,72004,208],{},[36,72006,5510],{"id":5509},[41,72008,72010],{"className":43,"code":72009,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"list.remove(value)\n",[15,72011,72012],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,72013,72014,72016,72018,72020,72022,72024],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,72015,437],{"class":557},[50,72017,425],{"class":64},[50,72019,34864],{"class":101},[50,72021,98],{"class":64},[50,72023,2570],{"class":101},[50,72025,105],{"class":64},[158,72027,72028,72033,72036],{},[161,72029,72030,72032],{},[15,72031,2570],{}," is the item you want to delete",[161,72034,72035],{},"Python searches from left to right",[161,72037,72038,72039,72041],{},"Only the ",[3824,72040,29977],{}," matching value is removed",[20,72043,1602],{},[41,72045,72047],{"className":43,"code":72046,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nletters.remove(\"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,72048,72049,72081,72099],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,72050,72051,72053,72055,72057,72059,72061,72063,72065,72067,72069,72071,72073,72075,72077,72079],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,72052,36160],{"class":56},[50,72054,61],{"class":60},[50,72056,65],{"class":64},[50,72058,811],{"class":604},[50,72060,421],{"class":608},[50,72062,811],{"class":604},[50,72064,72],{"class":64},[50,72066,700],{"class":604},[50,72068,4839],{"class":608},[50,72070,811],{"class":604},[50,72072,72],{"class":64},[50,72074,700],{"class":604},[50,72076,9817],{"class":608},[50,72078,811],{"class":604},[50,72080,83],{"class":64},[50,72082,72083,72085,72087,72089,72091,72093,72095,72097],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,72084,36213],{"class":56},[50,72086,425],{"class":64},[50,72088,34864],{"class":101},[50,72090,98],{"class":64},[50,72092,811],{"class":604},[50,72094,4839],{"class":608},[50,72096,811],{"class":604},[50,72098,105],{"class":64},[50,72100,72101,72103,72105,72107],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,72102,118],{"class":94},[50,72104,98],{"class":64},[50,72106,36213],{"class":101},[50,72108,105],{"class":64},[20,72110,353],{},[41,72112,72114],{"className":43,"code":72113,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['a', 'c']\n",[15,72115,72116],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,72117,72118,72120,72122,72124,72126,72128,72130,72132,72134],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,72119,363],{"class":64},[50,72121,611],{"class":604},[50,72123,421],{"class":608},[50,72125,611],{"class":604},[50,72127,72],{"class":64},[50,72129,605],{"class":604},[50,72131,9817],{"class":608},[50,72133,611],{"class":604},[50,72135,83],{"class":64},[36,72137,5864],{"id":5863},[20,72139,65235],{},[41,72141,72143],{"className":43,"code":72142,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,72144,72145,72177,72195],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,72146,72147,72149,72151,72153,72155,72157,72159,72161,72163,72165,72167,72169,72171,72173,72175],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,72148,13149],{"class":56},[50,72150,61],{"class":60},[50,72152,65],{"class":64},[50,72154,811],{"class":604},[50,72156,13166],{"class":608},[50,72158,811],{"class":604},[50,72160,72],{"class":64},[50,72162,700],{"class":604},[50,72164,13183],{"class":608},[50,72166,811],{"class":604},[50,72168,72],{"class":64},[50,72170,700],{"class":604},[50,72172,17525],{"class":608},[50,72174,811],{"class":604},[50,72176,83],{"class":64},[50,72178,72179,72181,72183,72185,72187,72189,72191,72193],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,72180,17572],{"class":56},[50,72182,425],{"class":64},[50,72184,34864],{"class":101},[50,72186,98],{"class":64},[50,72188,811],{"class":604},[50,72190,13183],{"class":608},[50,72192,811],{"class":604},[50,72194,105],{"class":64},[50,72196,72197,72199,72201,72203],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,72198,118],{"class":94},[50,72200,98],{"class":64},[50,72202,17572],{"class":101},[50,72204,105],{"class":64},[20,72206,353],{},[41,72208,72210],{"className":43,"code":72209,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['red', 'green']\n",[15,72211,72212],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,72213,72214,72216,72218,72220,72222,72224,72226,72228,72230],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,72215,363],{"class":64},[50,72217,611],{"class":604},[50,72219,13166],{"class":608},[50,72221,611],{"class":604},[50,72223,72],{"class":64},[50,72225,605],{"class":604},[50,72227,17525],{"class":608},[50,72229,611],{"class":604},[50,72231,83],{"class":64},[20,72233,11758],{},[158,72235,72236,72239,72245],{},[161,72237,72238],{},"A list is created with three values",[161,72240,72241,72244],{},[15,72242,72243],{},"remove(\"blue\")"," deletes the matching item",[161,72246,72247],{},"The list is printed after the change",[20,72249,72250],{},"You can use the same method with numbers too:",[41,72252,72254],{"className":43,"code":72253,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"scores = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nscores.remove(30)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,72255,72256,72280,72294],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,72257,72258,72260,72262,72264,72266,72268,72270,72272,72274,72276,72278],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,72259,5143],{"class":56},[50,72261,61],{"class":60},[50,72263,65],{"class":64},[50,72265,1618],{"class":68},[50,72267,72],{"class":64},[50,72269,840],{"class":68},[50,72271,72],{"class":64},[50,72273,1627],{"class":68},[50,72275,72],{"class":64},[50,72277,50913],{"class":68},[50,72279,83],{"class":64},[50,72281,72282,72284,72286,72288,72290,72292],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,72283,16460],{"class":56},[50,72285,425],{"class":64},[50,72287,34864],{"class":101},[50,72289,98],{"class":64},[50,72291,36910],{"class":68},[50,72293,105],{"class":64},[50,72295,72296,72298,72300,72302],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,72297,118],{"class":94},[50,72299,98],{"class":64},[50,72301,16460],{"class":101},[50,72303,105],{"class":64},[20,72305,353],{},[41,72307,72309],{"className":43,"code":72308,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[10, 20, 40]\n",[15,72310,72311],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,72312,72313,72315,72317,72319,72321,72323,72325],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,72314,363],{"class":64},[50,72316,1618],{"class":68},[50,72318,72],{"class":64},[50,72320,840],{"class":68},[50,72322,72],{"class":64},[50,72324,50913],{"class":68},[50,72326,83],{"class":64},[36,72328,72330],{"id":72329},"what-happens-with-duplicates","What happens with duplicates",[20,72332,65225,72333,72335,72336,72338],{},[15,72334,55597],{}," deletes only the ",[3824,72337,29977],{}," one.",[41,72340,72342],{"className":43,"code":72341,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72343,72344,72384,72402],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,72345,72346,72348,72350,72352,72354,72356,72358,72360,72362,72364,72366,72368,72370,72372,72374,72376,72378,72380,72382],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,72347,7859],{"class":56},[50,72349,61],{"class":60},[50,72351,65],{"class":64},[50,72353,811],{"class":604},[50,72355,1049],{"class":608},[50,72357,811],{"class":604},[50,72359,72],{"class":64},[50,72361,700],{"class":604},[50,72363,1058],{"class":608},[50,72365,811],{"class":604},[50,72367,72],{"class":64},[50,72369,700],{"class":604},[50,72371,1049],{"class":608},[50,72373,811],{"class":604},[50,72375,72],{"class":64},[50,72377,700],{"class":604},[50,72379,33291],{"class":608},[50,72381,811],{"class":604},[50,72383,83],{"class":64},[50,72385,72386,72388,72390,72392,72394,72396,72398,72400],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,72387,7888],{"class":56},[50,72389,425],{"class":64},[50,72391,34864],{"class":101},[50,72393,98],{"class":64},[50,72395,811],{"class":604},[50,72397,1049],{"class":608},[50,72399,811],{"class":604},[50,72401,105],{"class":64},[50,72403,72404,72406,72408,72410],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,72405,118],{"class":94},[50,72407,98],{"class":64},[50,72409,7888],{"class":101},[50,72411,105],{"class":64},[20,72413,353],{},[41,72415,72417],{"className":43,"code":72416,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['banana', 'apple', 'orange']\n",[15,72418,72419],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,72420,72421,72423,72425,72427,72429,72431,72433,72435,72437,72439,72441,72443,72445],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,72422,363],{"class":64},[50,72424,611],{"class":604},[50,72426,1058],{"class":608},[50,72428,611],{"class":604},[50,72430,72],{"class":64},[50,72432,605],{"class":604},[50,72434,1049],{"class":608},[50,72436,611],{"class":604},[50,72438,72],{"class":64},[50,72440,605],{"class":604},[50,72442,33291],{"class":608},[50,72444,611],{"class":604},[50,72446,83],{"class":64},[20,72448,72449,72450,72452],{},"Only the first ",[15,72451,57900],{}," was removed.",[20,72454,72455,72456,72458],{},"If you want to remove another matching value, call ",[15,72457,55597],{}," again:",[41,72460,72462],{"className":43,"code":72461,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72463,72464,72504,72522,72540],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,72465,72466,72468,72470,72472,72474,72476,72478,72480,72482,72484,72486,72488,72490,72492,72494,72496,72498,72500,72502],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,72467,7859],{"class":56},[50,72469,61],{"class":60},[50,72471,65],{"class":64},[50,72473,811],{"class":604},[50,72475,1049],{"class":608},[50,72477,811],{"class":604},[50,72479,72],{"class":64},[50,72481,700],{"class":604},[50,72483,1058],{"class":608},[50,72485,811],{"class":604},[50,72487,72],{"class":64},[50,72489,700],{"class":604},[50,72491,1049],{"class":608},[50,72493,811],{"class":604},[50,72495,72],{"class":64},[50,72497,700],{"class":604},[50,72499,33291],{"class":608},[50,72501,811],{"class":604},[50,72503,83],{"class":64},[50,72505,72506,72508,72510,72512,72514,72516,72518,72520],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,72507,7888],{"class":56},[50,72509,425],{"class":64},[50,72511,34864],{"class":101},[50,72513,98],{"class":64},[50,72515,811],{"class":604},[50,72517,1049],{"class":608},[50,72519,811],{"class":604},[50,72521,105],{"class":64},[50,72523,72524,72526,72528,72530,72532,72534,72536,72538],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,72525,7888],{"class":56},[50,72527,425],{"class":64},[50,72529,34864],{"class":101},[50,72531,98],{"class":64},[50,72533,811],{"class":604},[50,72535,1049],{"class":608},[50,72537,811],{"class":604},[50,72539,105],{"class":64},[50,72541,72542,72544,72546,72548],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,72543,118],{"class":94},[50,72545,98],{"class":64},[50,72547,7888],{"class":101},[50,72549,105],{"class":64},[20,72551,353],{},[41,72553,72555],{"className":43,"code":72554,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['banana', 'orange']\n",[15,72556,72557],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,72558,72559,72561,72563,72565,72567,72569,72571,72573,72575],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,72560,363],{"class":64},[50,72562,611],{"class":604},[50,72564,1058],{"class":608},[50,72566,611],{"class":604},[50,72568,72],{"class":64},[50,72570,605],{"class":604},[50,72572,33291],{"class":608},[50,72574,611],{"class":604},[50,72576,83],{"class":64},[20,72578,72579,72580,72582],{},"If you need to remove ",[3824,72581,3797],{}," matching values, a list comprehension is usually better:",[41,72584,72586],{"className":43,"code":72585,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems = [item for item in items if item != \"apple\"]\nprint(items)\n",[15,72587,72588,72628,72662],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,72589,72590,72592,72594,72596,72598,72600,72602,72604,72606,72608,72610,72612,72614,72616,72618,72620,72622,72624,72626],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,72591,7859],{"class":56},[50,72593,61],{"class":60},[50,72595,65],{"class":64},[50,72597,811],{"class":604},[50,72599,1049],{"class":608},[50,72601,811],{"class":604},[50,72603,72],{"class":64},[50,72605,700],{"class":604},[50,72607,1058],{"class":608},[50,72609,811],{"class":604},[50,72611,72],{"class":64},[50,72613,700],{"class":604},[50,72615,1049],{"class":608},[50,72617,811],{"class":604},[50,72619,72],{"class":64},[50,72621,700],{"class":604},[50,72623,33291],{"class":608},[50,72625,811],{"class":604},[50,72627,83],{"class":64},[50,72629,72630,72632,72634,72636,72638,72640,72642,72644,72647,72649,72651,72654,72656,72658,72660],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,72631,7859],{"class":56},[50,72633,61],{"class":60},[50,72635,65],{"class":64},[50,72637,28608],{"class":56},[50,72639,6035],{"class":3957},[50,72641,6038],{"class":56},[50,72643,3964],{"class":3957},[50,72645,72646],{"class":56}," items ",[50,72648,7076],{"class":3957},[50,72650,6038],{"class":56},[50,72652,72653],{"class":60},"!=",[50,72655,700],{"class":604},[50,72657,1049],{"class":608},[50,72659,811],{"class":604},[50,72661,83],{"class":64},[50,72663,72664,72666,72668,72670],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,72665,118],{"class":94},[50,72667,98],{"class":64},[50,72669,7888],{"class":101},[50,72671,105],{"class":64},[20,72673,353],{},[41,72675,72676],{"className":43,"code":72554,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,72677,72678],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,72679,72680,72682,72684,72686,72688,72690,72692,72694,72696],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,72681,363],{"class":64},[50,72683,611],{"class":604},[50,72685,1058],{"class":608},[50,72687,611],{"class":604},[50,72689,72],{"class":64},[50,72691,605],{"class":604},[50,72693,33291],{"class":608},[50,72695,611],{"class":604},[50,72697,83],{"class":64},[36,72699,65691],{"id":65690},[20,72701,65694,72702,425],{},[15,72703,40773],{},[41,72705,72707],{"className":43,"code":72706,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,72708,72709,72741],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,72710,72711,72713,72715,72717,72719,72721,72723,72725,72727,72729,72731,72733,72735,72737,72739],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,72712,7859],{"class":56},[50,72714,61],{"class":60},[50,72716,65],{"class":64},[50,72718,811],{"class":604},[50,72720,1049],{"class":608},[50,72722,811],{"class":604},[50,72724,72],{"class":64},[50,72726,700],{"class":604},[50,72728,1058],{"class":608},[50,72730,811],{"class":604},[50,72732,72],{"class":64},[50,72734,700],{"class":604},[50,72736,33291],{"class":608},[50,72738,811],{"class":604},[50,72740,83],{"class":64},[50,72742,72743,72745,72747,72749,72751,72753,72755,72757],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,72744,7888],{"class":56},[50,72746,425],{"class":64},[50,72748,34864],{"class":101},[50,72750,98],{"class":64},[50,72752,811],{"class":604},[50,72754,22602],{"class":608},[50,72756,811],{"class":604},[50,72758,105],{"class":64},[20,72760,353],{},[41,72762,72764],{"className":43,"code":72763,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list\n",[15,72765,72766],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,72767,72768,72770,72772,72774,72776,72778,72780,72782,72784,72786,72788,72790],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,72769,40773],{"class":557},[50,72771,819],{"class":64},[50,72773,22629],{"class":557},[50,72775,425],{"class":64},[50,72777,34864],{"class":101},[50,72779,98],{"class":64},[50,72781,2273],{"class":101},[50,72783,16523],{"class":64},[50,72785,3961],{"class":56},[50,72787,4709],{"class":60},[50,72789,21243],{"class":60},[50,72791,72792],{"class":557}," list\n",[20,72794,72795],{},"This is a common beginner mistake.",[20,72797,72798],{},"A safe pattern is to check first:",[41,72800,72802],{"className":43,"code":72801,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nvalue = \"grape\"\n\nif value in items:\n    items.remove(value)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,72803,72804,72836,72848,72852,72864,72879,72883],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,72805,72806,72808,72810,72812,72814,72816,72818,72820,72822,72824,72826,72828,72830,72832,72834],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,72807,7859],{"class":56},[50,72809,61],{"class":60},[50,72811,65],{"class":64},[50,72813,811],{"class":604},[50,72815,1049],{"class":608},[50,72817,811],{"class":604},[50,72819,72],{"class":64},[50,72821,700],{"class":604},[50,72823,1058],{"class":608},[50,72825,811],{"class":604},[50,72827,72],{"class":64},[50,72829,700],{"class":604},[50,72831,33291],{"class":608},[50,72833,811],{"class":604},[50,72835,83],{"class":64},[50,72837,72838,72840,72842,72844,72846],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,72839,2544],{"class":56},[50,72841,61],{"class":60},[50,72843,700],{"class":604},[50,72845,22602],{"class":608},[50,72847,705],{"class":604},[50,72849,72850],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,72851,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,72853,72854,72856,72858,72860,72862],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,72855,7076],{"class":3957},[50,72857,21653],{"class":56},[50,72859,3964],{"class":60},[50,72861,6043],{"class":56},[50,72863,6470],{"class":64},[50,72865,72866,72869,72871,72873,72875,72877],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,72867,72868],{"class":56},"    items",[50,72870,425],{"class":64},[50,72872,34864],{"class":101},[50,72874,98],{"class":64},[50,72876,2570],{"class":101},[50,72878,105],{"class":64},[50,72880,72881],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,72882,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,72884,72885,72887,72889,72891],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,72886,118],{"class":94},[50,72888,98],{"class":64},[50,72890,7888],{"class":101},[50,72892,105],{"class":64},[20,72894,353],{},[41,72896,72898],{"className":43,"code":72897,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,72899,72900],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,72901,72902,72904,72906,72908,72910,72912,72914,72916,72918,72920,72922,72924,72926],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,72903,363],{"class":64},[50,72905,611],{"class":604},[50,72907,1049],{"class":608},[50,72909,611],{"class":604},[50,72911,72],{"class":64},[50,72913,605],{"class":604},[50,72915,1058],{"class":608},[50,72917,611],{"class":604},[50,72919,72],{"class":64},[50,72921,605],{"class":604},[50,72923,33291],{"class":608},[50,72925,611],{"class":604},[50,72927,83],{"class":64},[20,72929,72930,72931,72933],{},"This avoids the error because ",[15,72932,55597],{}," runs only if the value exists.",[20,72935,72936,72937,425],{},"If you are troubleshooting this kind of problem, see ",[421,72938,65900],{"href":72939},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F",[36,72941,72943],{"id":72942},"remove-vs-pop","remove() vs pop()",[20,72945,72946,4472,72948,72950],{},[15,72947,55597],{},[15,72949,12836],{}," both delete items from a list, but they work differently.",[158,72952,72953,72960,72966,72972],{},[161,72954,72955,72957,72958],{},[15,72956,55597],{}," deletes by ",[3824,72959,2570],{},[161,72961,72962,72957,72964],{},[15,72963,12836],{},[3824,72965,35915],{},[161,72967,72968,2494,72970],{},[15,72969,55597],{},[15,72971,208],{},[161,72973,72974,72976],{},[15,72975,12836],{}," returns the removed item",[20,72978,46110,72979,819],{},[15,72980,55597],{},[41,72982,72984],{"className":43,"code":72983,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72985,72986,73018,73036],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,72987,72988,72990,72992,72994,72996,72998,73000,73002,73004,73006,73008,73010,73012,73014,73016],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,72989,7859],{"class":56},[50,72991,61],{"class":60},[50,72993,65],{"class":64},[50,72995,811],{"class":604},[50,72997,1049],{"class":608},[50,72999,811],{"class":604},[50,73001,72],{"class":64},[50,73003,700],{"class":604},[50,73005,1058],{"class":608},[50,73007,811],{"class":604},[50,73009,72],{"class":64},[50,73011,700],{"class":604},[50,73013,33291],{"class":608},[50,73015,811],{"class":604},[50,73017,83],{"class":64},[50,73019,73020,73022,73024,73026,73028,73030,73032,73034],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,73021,7888],{"class":56},[50,73023,425],{"class":64},[50,73025,34864],{"class":101},[50,73027,98],{"class":64},[50,73029,811],{"class":604},[50,73031,1058],{"class":608},[50,73033,811],{"class":604},[50,73035,105],{"class":64},[50,73037,73038,73040,73042,73044],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,73039,118],{"class":94},[50,73041,98],{"class":64},[50,73043,7888],{"class":101},[50,73045,105],{"class":64},[20,73047,353],{},[41,73049,73051],{"className":43,"code":73050,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,73052,73053],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,73054,73055,73057,73059,73061,73063,73065,73067,73069,73071],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,73056,363],{"class":64},[50,73058,611],{"class":604},[50,73060,1049],{"class":608},[50,73062,611],{"class":604},[50,73064,72],{"class":64},[50,73066,605],{"class":604},[50,73068,33291],{"class":608},[50,73070,611],{"class":604},[50,73072,83],{"class":64},[20,73074,46110,73075,819],{},[15,73076,12836],{},[41,73078,73080],{"className":43,"code":73079,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nremoved_item = items.pop(1)\n\nprint(items)\nprint(removed_item)\n",[15,73081,73082,73114,73133,73137,73147],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,73083,73084,73086,73088,73090,73092,73094,73096,73098,73100,73102,73104,73106,73108,73110,73112],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,73085,7859],{"class":56},[50,73087,61],{"class":60},[50,73089,65],{"class":64},[50,73091,811],{"class":604},[50,73093,1049],{"class":608},[50,73095,811],{"class":604},[50,73097,72],{"class":64},[50,73099,700],{"class":604},[50,73101,1058],{"class":608},[50,73103,811],{"class":604},[50,73105,72],{"class":64},[50,73107,700],{"class":604},[50,73109,33291],{"class":608},[50,73111,811],{"class":604},[50,73113,83],{"class":64},[50,73115,73116,73119,73121,73123,73125,73127,73129,73131],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,73117,73118],{"class":56},"removed_item ",[50,73120,61],{"class":60},[50,73122,6043],{"class":56},[50,73124,425],{"class":64},[50,73126,26310],{"class":101},[50,73128,98],{"class":64},[50,73130,366],{"class":68},[50,73132,105],{"class":64},[50,73134,73135],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,73136,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,73138,73139,73141,73143,73145],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,73140,118],{"class":94},[50,73142,98],{"class":64},[50,73144,7888],{"class":101},[50,73146,105],{"class":64},[50,73148,73149,73151,73153,73156],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,73150,118],{"class":94},[50,73152,98],{"class":64},[50,73154,73155],{"class":101},"removed_item",[50,73157,105],{"class":64},[20,73159,353],{},[41,73161,73163],{"className":43,"code":73162,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['apple', 'orange']\nbanana\n",[15,73164,73165,73185],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,73166,73167,73169,73171,73173,73175,73177,73179,73181,73183],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,73168,363],{"class":64},[50,73170,611],{"class":604},[50,73172,1049],{"class":608},[50,73174,611],{"class":604},[50,73176,72],{"class":64},[50,73178,605],{"class":604},[50,73180,33291],{"class":608},[50,73182,611],{"class":604},[50,73184,83],{"class":64},[50,73186,73187],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,73188,70467],{"class":56},[20,73190,920,73191,73193],{},[15,73192,55597],{}," when you know the item value.",[20,73195,920,73196,73198],{},[15,73197,12836],{}," when you know the position and want the removed item back.",[20,73200,73201,73202,425],{},"For more detail, see the ",[421,73203,73204],{"href":55148},"Python list pop() method",[36,73206,73208],{"id":73207},"remove-vs-del","remove() vs del",[20,73210,73211,4472,73213,73215],{},[15,73212,55597],{},[15,73214,27094],{}," are also different.",[158,73217,73218,73223,73228,73233],{},[161,73219,73220,73222],{},[15,73221,55597],{}," deletes by matching value",[161,73224,73225,73227],{},[15,73226,27094],{}," deletes by index or slice",[161,73229,920,73230,73232],{},[15,73231,27094],{}," when you know the position",[161,73234,920,73235,73237],{},[15,73236,55597],{}," when you know the item value",[20,73239,46110,73240,819],{},[15,73241,27094],{},[41,73243,73245],{"className":43,"code":73244,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ndel items[1]\nprint(items)\n",[15,73246,73247,73279,73291],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,73248,73249,73251,73253,73255,73257,73259,73261,73263,73265,73267,73269,73271,73273,73275,73277],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,73250,7859],{"class":56},[50,73252,61],{"class":60},[50,73254,65],{"class":64},[50,73256,811],{"class":604},[50,73258,1049],{"class":608},[50,73260,811],{"class":604},[50,73262,72],{"class":64},[50,73264,700],{"class":604},[50,73266,1058],{"class":608},[50,73268,811],{"class":604},[50,73270,72],{"class":64},[50,73272,700],{"class":604},[50,73274,33291],{"class":608},[50,73276,811],{"class":604},[50,73278,83],{"class":64},[50,73280,73281,73283,73285,73287,73289],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,73282,27094],{"class":3957},[50,73284,6043],{"class":56},[50,73286,363],{"class":64},[50,73288,366],{"class":68},[50,73290,83],{"class":64},[50,73292,73293,73295,73297,73299],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,73294,118],{"class":94},[50,73296,98],{"class":64},[50,73298,7888],{"class":101},[50,73300,105],{"class":64},[20,73302,353],{},[41,73304,73305],{"className":43,"code":73050,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,73306,73307],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,73308,73309,73311,73313,73315,73317,73319,73321,73323,73325],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,73310,363],{"class":64},[50,73312,611],{"class":604},[50,73314,1049],{"class":608},[50,73316,611],{"class":604},[50,73318,72],{"class":64},[50,73320,605],{"class":604},[50,73322,33291],{"class":608},[50,73324,611],{"class":604},[50,73326,83],{"class":64},[20,73328,73329,73330,73332,73333,73335],{},"This removed the item at index ",[15,73331,366],{},", not the value ",[15,73334,65335],{}," directly.",[20,73337,73338,73339,425],{},"If you are not sure whether you should remove by value or by position, see ",[421,73340,55137],{"href":55136},[36,73342,1743],{"id":1742},[20,73344,21281,73345,819],{},[15,73346,55597],{},[158,73348,73349,73352,73357,73364,73373],{},[161,73350,73351],{},"Trying to remove a value that is not in the list",[161,73353,8532,73354,73356],{},[15,73355,55597],{}," to delete all matching values",[161,73358,12669,73359,73361,73362],{},[15,73360,55597],{}," to a variable even though it returns ",[15,73363,208],{},[161,73365,914,73366,44699,73368,2976,73370,73372],{},[15,73367,55597],{},[15,73369,12836],{},[15,73371,27094],{}," would be a better fit",[161,73374,73375],{},"Confusing removing by value with removing by index",[20,73377,71567],{},[41,73379,73381],{"className":43,"code":73380,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(my_list)\nprint(value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(type(my_list))\nhelp(list.remove)\n",[15,73382,73383,73393,73407,73425,73439],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,73384,73385,73387,73389,73391],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,73386,118],{"class":94},[50,73388,98],{"class":64},[50,73390,8418],{"class":101},[50,73392,105],{"class":64},[50,73394,73395,73397,73399,73401,73403,73405],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,73396,118],{"class":94},[50,73398,98],{"class":64},[50,73400,2544],{"class":101},[50,73402,3964],{"class":3957},[50,73404,8475],{"class":101},[50,73406,105],{"class":64},[50,73408,73409,73411,73413,73415,73417,73419,73421,73423],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,73410,118],{"class":94},[50,73412,98],{"class":64},[50,73414,8418],{"class":101},[50,73416,425],{"class":64},[50,73418,41329],{"class":101},[50,73420,98],{"class":64},[50,73422,2570],{"class":101},[50,73424,478],{"class":64},[50,73426,73427,73429,73431,73433,73435,73437],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,73428,118],{"class":94},[50,73430,98],{"class":64},[50,73432,558],{"class":557},[50,73434,98],{"class":64},[50,73436,8418],{"class":101},[50,73438,478],{"class":64},[50,73440,73441,73443,73445,73447,73449,73451],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,73442,32222],{"class":94},[50,73444,98],{"class":64},[50,73446,437],{"class":557},[50,73448,425],{"class":64},[50,73450,34864],{"class":1400},[50,73452,105],{"class":64},[20,73454,73455],{},"These checks can help you answer questions like:",[158,73457,73458,73461,73464,73467],{},[161,73459,73460],{},"Is the value really in the list?",[161,73462,73463],{},"How many times does it appear?",[161,73465,73466],{},"Am I working with a list?",[161,73468,73469],{},"Am I using the method correctly?",[20,73471,73472,73473,73475],{},"If you need to find a value before removing it, the ",[421,73474,71731],{"href":59032}," may also help.",[36,73477,1913],{"id":1912},[222,73479,73481],{"id":73480},"does-remove-delete-all-matching-items","Does remove() delete all matching items?",[20,73483,73484],{},"No. It removes only the first matching value.",[222,73486,73488],{"id":73487},"what-does-listremove-return","What does list.remove() return?",[20,73490,5227,73491,73493],{},[15,73492,208],{},". It changes the original list directly.",[222,73495,73497],{"id":73496},"how-do-i-avoid-an-error-if-the-value-is-missing","How do I avoid an error if the value is missing?",[20,73499,73500,73501,73504,73505,425],{},"Check with ",[15,73502,73503],{},"if value in my_list"," before calling ",[15,73506,55597],{},[222,73508,73510],{"id":73509},"should-i-use-remove-or-pop","Should I use remove() or pop()?",[20,73512,920,73513,73515,73516,73518],{},[15,73514,55597],{}," for a value and ",[15,73517,12836],{}," for an index.",[36,73520,1975],{"id":1974},[158,73522,73523,73527,73531,73535,73539],{},[161,73524,73525],{},[421,73526,55583],{"href":55136},[161,73528,73529],{},[421,73530,73204],{"href":55148},[161,73532,73533],{},[421,73534,71731],{"href":59032},[161,73536,73537],{},[421,73538,65900],{"href":72939},[161,73540,73541],{},[421,73542,73544],{"href":73543},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix\u002F","ValueError: substring not found fix",[2018,73546,73547],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":73549},[73550,73551,73552,73553,73554,73555,73556,73557,73558,73559,73565],{"id":2104,"depth":86,"text":2105},{"id":71876,"depth":86,"text":71877},{"id":5509,"depth":86,"text":5510},{"id":5863,"depth":86,"text":5864},{"id":72329,"depth":86,"text":72330},{"id":65690,"depth":86,"text":65691},{"id":72942,"depth":86,"text":72943},{"id":73207,"depth":86,"text":73208},{"id":1742,"depth":86,"text":1743},{"id":1912,"depth":86,"text":1913,"children":73560},[73561,73562,73563,73564],{"id":73480,"depth":108,"text":73481},{"id":73487,"depth":108,"text":73488},{"id":73496,"depth":108,"text":73497},{"id":73509,"depth":108,"text":73510},{"id":1974,"depth":86,"text":1975},"Master python list remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method",{"title":71779,"description":73566},"reference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method","jE1uuXBERpMbOGTd_fSVoHqAttuM8Gy2xT1krJOL_nM",{"id":73573,"title":73574,"body":73575,"description":75460,"extension":2064,"meta":75461,"navigation":111,"path":75462,"seo":75463,"stem":75464,"__hash__":75465},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method.md","Python List reverse() Method",{"type":7,"value":73576,"toc":75430},[73577,73583,73589,73592,73603,73605,73653,73658,73663,73667,73682,73684,73749,73751,73792,73794,73796,73811,73813,73824,73826,73883,73885,73918,73920,73923,73972,73974,73999,74001,74017,74022,74029,74090,74092,74125,74130,74133,74213,74215,74275,74281,74285,74288,74352,74354,74379,74381,74401,74403,74452,74454,74475,74483,74486,74490,74495,74540,74542,74563,74569,74573,74581,74644,74646,74683,74689,74693,74700,74765,74767,74804,74808,74825,74835,74840,74845,74856,74863,74865,74871,74894,74897,74924,74929,74932,75033,75035,75090,75093,75200,75202,75273,75276,75302,75304,75309,75313,75321,75326,75331,75337,75342,75346,75349,75366,75369,75389,75397,75399,75427],[10,73578,54411,73580,11397],{"id":73579},"python-list-reverse-method",[15,73581,73582],{},"reverse()",[20,73584,73585,73588],{},[15,73586,73587],{},"list.reverse()"," reverses the order of items in a list.",[20,73590,73591],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it does not create a new list. This is important because beginners often expect it to return a reversed copy.",[20,73593,73594,73595,73597,73598,73602],{},"If you want to reverse a list, ",[15,73596,73582],{}," is useful when changing the original list is okay. If you need a new list instead, use ",[421,73599,73601],{"href":73600},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained\u002F","list slicing"," or another approach.",[36,73604,39],{"id":38},[41,73606,73608],{"className":43,"code":73607,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[15,73609,73610,73630,73640],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,73611,73612,73614,73616,73618,73620,73622,73624,73626,73628],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,73613,57],{"class":56},[50,73615,61],{"class":60},[50,73617,65],{"class":64},[50,73619,366],{"class":68},[50,73621,72],{"class":64},[50,73623,80],{"class":68},[50,73625,72],{"class":64},[50,73627,500],{"class":68},[50,73629,83],{"class":64},[50,73631,73632,73634,73636,73638],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,73633,102],{"class":56},[50,73635,425],{"class":64},[50,73637,243],{"class":101},[50,73639,8722],{"class":64},[50,73641,73642,73644,73646,73648,73650],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,73643,118],{"class":94},[50,73645,98],{"class":64},[50,73647,102],{"class":101},[50,73649,126],{"class":64},[50,73651,73652],{"class":129},"  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[20,73654,73655,73657],{},[15,73656,73582],{}," changes the original list. It does not create a new list.",[36,73659,153,73661,156],{"id":73660},"what-listreverse-does",[15,73662,73587],{},[20,73664,73665,819],{},[15,73666,73587],{},[158,73668,73669,73672,73675,73679],{},[161,73670,73671],{},"Reverses the order of items in a list",[161,73673,73674],{},"Changes the original list directly",[161,73676,11499,73677],{},[15,73678,208],{},[161,73680,73681],{},"Works only on list objects",[20,73683,1602],{},[41,73685,73687],{"className":43,"code":73686,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\"]\nletters.reverse()\nprint(letters)\n",[15,73688,73689,73729,73739],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,73690,73691,73693,73695,73697,73699,73701,73703,73705,73707,73709,73711,73713,73715,73717,73719,73721,73723,73725,73727],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,73692,36160],{"class":56},[50,73694,61],{"class":60},[50,73696,65],{"class":64},[50,73698,811],{"class":604},[50,73700,421],{"class":608},[50,73702,811],{"class":604},[50,73704,72],{"class":64},[50,73706,700],{"class":604},[50,73708,4839],{"class":608},[50,73710,811],{"class":604},[50,73712,72],{"class":64},[50,73714,700],{"class":604},[50,73716,9817],{"class":608},[50,73718,811],{"class":604},[50,73720,72],{"class":64},[50,73722,700],{"class":604},[50,73724,18837],{"class":608},[50,73726,811],{"class":604},[50,73728,83],{"class":64},[50,73730,73731,73733,73735,73737],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,73732,36213],{"class":56},[50,73734,425],{"class":64},[50,73736,243],{"class":101},[50,73738,8722],{"class":64},[50,73740,73741,73743,73745,73747],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,73742,118],{"class":94},[50,73744,98],{"class":64},[50,73746,36213],{"class":101},[50,73748,105],{"class":64},[20,73750,353],{},[41,73752,73754],{"className":43,"code":73753,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['d', 'c', 'b', 'a']\n",[15,73755,73756],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,73757,73758,73760,73762,73764,73766,73768,73770,73772,73774,73776,73778,73780,73782,73784,73786,73788,73790],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,73759,363],{"class":64},[50,73761,611],{"class":604},[50,73763,18837],{"class":608},[50,73765,611],{"class":604},[50,73767,72],{"class":64},[50,73769,605],{"class":604},[50,73771,9817],{"class":608},[50,73773,611],{"class":604},[50,73775,72],{"class":64},[50,73777,605],{"class":604},[50,73779,4839],{"class":608},[50,73781,611],{"class":604},[50,73783,72],{"class":64},[50,73785,605],{"class":604},[50,73787,421],{"class":608},[50,73789,611],{"class":604},[50,73791,83],{"class":64},[36,73793,181],{"id":180},[20,73795,2259],{},[41,73797,73799],{"className":43,"code":73798,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_list.reverse()\n",[15,73800,73801],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,73802,73803,73805,73807,73809],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,73804,8418],{"class":56},[50,73806,425],{"class":64},[50,73808,243],{"class":101},[50,73810,8722],{"class":64},[20,73812,13125],{},[158,73814,73815,73818,73821],{},[161,73816,73817],{},"No arguments are needed",[161,73819,73820],{},"You call it on an existing list",[161,73822,73823],{},"It only works on lists",[20,73825,1602],{},[41,73827,73829],{"className":43,"code":73828,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.reverse()\nprint(colors)\n",[15,73830,73831,73863,73873],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,73832,73833,73835,73837,73839,73841,73843,73845,73847,73849,73851,73853,73855,73857,73859,73861],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,73834,13149],{"class":56},[50,73836,61],{"class":60},[50,73838,65],{"class":64},[50,73840,811],{"class":604},[50,73842,13166],{"class":608},[50,73844,811],{"class":604},[50,73846,72],{"class":64},[50,73848,700],{"class":604},[50,73850,17525],{"class":608},[50,73852,811],{"class":604},[50,73854,72],{"class":64},[50,73856,700],{"class":604},[50,73858,13183],{"class":608},[50,73860,811],{"class":604},[50,73862,83],{"class":64},[50,73864,73865,73867,73869,73871],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,73866,17572],{"class":56},[50,73868,425],{"class":64},[50,73870,243],{"class":101},[50,73872,8722],{"class":64},[50,73874,73875,73877,73879,73881],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,73876,118],{"class":94},[50,73878,98],{"class":64},[50,73880,17572],{"class":101},[50,73882,105],{"class":64},[20,73884,353],{},[41,73886,73888],{"className":43,"code":73887,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['blue', 'green', 'red']\n",[15,73889,73890],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,73891,73892,73894,73896,73898,73900,73902,73904,73906,73908,73910,73912,73914,73916],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,73893,363],{"class":64},[50,73895,611],{"class":604},[50,73897,13183],{"class":608},[50,73899,611],{"class":604},[50,73901,72],{"class":64},[50,73903,605],{"class":604},[50,73905,17525],{"class":608},[50,73907,611],{"class":604},[50,73909,72],{"class":64},[50,73911,605],{"class":604},[50,73913,13166],{"class":608},[50,73915,611],{"class":604},[50,73917,83],{"class":64},[36,73919,271],{"id":270},[20,73921,73922],{},"Start with a list in normal order:",[41,73924,73926],{"className":43,"code":73925,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,73927,73928,73952,73962],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,73929,73930,73932,73934,73936,73938,73940,73942,73944,73946,73948,73950],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,73931,57],{"class":56},[50,73933,61],{"class":60},[50,73935,65],{"class":64},[50,73937,1618],{"class":68},[50,73939,72],{"class":64},[50,73941,840],{"class":68},[50,73943,72],{"class":64},[50,73945,1627],{"class":68},[50,73947,72],{"class":64},[50,73949,50913],{"class":68},[50,73951,83],{"class":64},[50,73953,73954,73956,73958,73960],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,73955,102],{"class":56},[50,73957,425],{"class":64},[50,73959,243],{"class":101},[50,73961,8722],{"class":64},[50,73963,73964,73966,73968,73970],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,73965,118],{"class":94},[50,73967,98],{"class":64},[50,73969,102],{"class":101},[50,73971,105],{"class":64},[20,73973,353],{},[41,73975,73977],{"className":43,"code":73976,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,73978,73979],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,73980,73981,73983,73985,73987,73989,73991,73993,73995,73997],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,73982,363],{"class":64},[50,73984,56760],{"class":68},[50,73986,72],{"class":64},[50,73988,1627],{"class":68},[50,73990,72],{"class":64},[50,73992,840],{"class":68},[50,73994,72],{"class":64},[50,73996,6082],{"class":68},[50,73998,83],{"class":64},[20,74000,11758],{},[158,74002,74003,74009,74014],{},[161,74004,74005,74006],{},"The list starts as ",[15,74007,74008],{},"[10, 20, 30, 40]",[161,74010,74011,74013],{},[15,74012,73582],{}," flips the order",[161,74015,74016],{},"Printing the same list shows the updated result",[36,74018,74020,1484],{"id":74019},"reverse-changes-the-original-list",[15,74021,73582],{},[20,74023,74024,74025,74028],{},"This method is ",[3824,74026,74027],{},"in-place",". That means the list itself is changed.",[41,74030,74032],{"className":43,"code":74031,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nfruits.reverse()\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,74033,74034,74066,74076,74080],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,74035,74036,74038,74040,74042,74044,74046,74048,74050,74052,74054,74056,74058,74060,74062,74064],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,74037,36307],{"class":56},[50,74039,61],{"class":60},[50,74041,65],{"class":64},[50,74043,811],{"class":604},[50,74045,1049],{"class":608},[50,74047,811],{"class":604},[50,74049,72],{"class":64},[50,74051,700],{"class":604},[50,74053,1058],{"class":608},[50,74055,811],{"class":604},[50,74057,72],{"class":64},[50,74059,700],{"class":604},[50,74061,1067],{"class":608},[50,74063,811],{"class":604},[50,74065,83],{"class":64},[50,74067,74068,74070,74072,74074],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,74069,36359],{"class":56},[50,74071,425],{"class":64},[50,74073,243],{"class":101},[50,74075,8722],{"class":64},[50,74077,74078],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,74079,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,74081,74082,74084,74086,74088],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,74083,118],{"class":94},[50,74085,98],{"class":64},[50,74087,36359],{"class":101},[50,74089,105],{"class":64},[20,74091,353],{},[41,74093,74095],{"className":43,"code":74094,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,74096,74097],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,74098,74099,74101,74103,74105,74107,74109,74111,74113,74115,74117,74119,74121,74123],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,74100,363],{"class":64},[50,74102,611],{"class":604},[50,74104,1067],{"class":608},[50,74106,611],{"class":604},[50,74108,72],{"class":64},[50,74110,605],{"class":604},[50,74112,1058],{"class":608},[50,74114,611],{"class":604},[50,74116,72],{"class":64},[50,74118,605],{"class":604},[50,74120,1049],{"class":608},[50,74122,611],{"class":604},[50,74124,83],{"class":64},[20,74126,920,74127,74129],{},[15,74128,73582],{}," when you want to modify the current list.",[20,74131,74132],{},"If you need a new reversed list and want to keep the original unchanged, use slicing:",[41,74134,74136],{"className":43,"code":74135,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nreversed_fruits = fruits[::-1]\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(reversed_fruits)\n",[15,74137,74138,74170,74188,74192,74202],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,74139,74140,74142,74144,74146,74148,74150,74152,74154,74156,74158,74160,74162,74164,74166,74168],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,74141,36307],{"class":56},[50,74143,61],{"class":60},[50,74145,65],{"class":64},[50,74147,811],{"class":604},[50,74149,1049],{"class":608},[50,74151,811],{"class":604},[50,74153,72],{"class":64},[50,74155,700],{"class":604},[50,74157,1058],{"class":608},[50,74159,811],{"class":604},[50,74161,72],{"class":64},[50,74163,700],{"class":604},[50,74165,1067],{"class":608},[50,74167,811],{"class":604},[50,74169,83],{"class":64},[50,74171,74172,74175,74177,74179,74182,74184,74186],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,74173,74174],{"class":56},"reversed_fruits ",[50,74176,61],{"class":60},[50,74178,52920],{"class":56},[50,74180,74181],{"class":64},"[::",[50,74183,2124],{"class":60},[50,74185,366],{"class":68},[50,74187,83],{"class":64},[50,74189,74190],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,74191,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,74193,74194,74196,74198,74200],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,74195,118],{"class":94},[50,74197,98],{"class":64},[50,74199,36359],{"class":101},[50,74201,105],{"class":64},[50,74203,74204,74206,74208,74211],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,74205,118],{"class":94},[50,74207,98],{"class":64},[50,74209,74210],{"class":101},"reversed_fruits",[50,74212,105],{"class":64},[20,74214,353],{},[41,74216,74217],{"className":43,"code":1117,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,74218,74219,74247],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,74220,74221,74223,74225,74227,74229,74231,74233,74235,74237,74239,74241,74243,74245],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,74222,363],{"class":64},[50,74224,611],{"class":604},[50,74226,1049],{"class":608},[50,74228,611],{"class":604},[50,74230,72],{"class":64},[50,74232,605],{"class":604},[50,74234,1058],{"class":608},[50,74236,611],{"class":604},[50,74238,72],{"class":64},[50,74240,605],{"class":604},[50,74242,1067],{"class":608},[50,74244,611],{"class":604},[50,74246,83],{"class":64},[50,74248,74249,74251,74253,74255,74257,74259,74261,74263,74265,74267,74269,74271,74273],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,74250,363],{"class":64},[50,74252,611],{"class":604},[50,74254,1067],{"class":608},[50,74256,611],{"class":604},[50,74258,72],{"class":64},[50,74260,605],{"class":604},[50,74262,1058],{"class":608},[50,74264,611],{"class":604},[50,74266,72],{"class":64},[50,74268,605],{"class":604},[50,74270,1049],{"class":608},[50,74272,611],{"class":604},[50,74274,83],{"class":64},[20,74276,74277,74278,425],{},"If you want to learn more about this pattern, see ",[421,74279,74280],{"href":73600},"Python list slicing explained",[36,74282,74284],{"id":74283},"common-beginner-mistake-assigning-the-result","Common beginner mistake: assigning the result",[20,74286,74287],{},"A very common mistake is writing code like this:",[41,74289,74291],{"className":43,"code":74290,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_list = numbers.reverse()\n\nprint(new_list)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74292,74293,74313,74327,74331,74342],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,74294,74295,74297,74299,74301,74303,74305,74307,74309,74311],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,74296,57],{"class":56},[50,74298,61],{"class":60},[50,74300,65],{"class":64},[50,74302,366],{"class":68},[50,74304,72],{"class":64},[50,74306,80],{"class":68},[50,74308,72],{"class":64},[50,74310,500],{"class":68},[50,74312,83],{"class":64},[50,74314,74315,74317,74319,74321,74323,74325],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,74316,55957],{"class":56},[50,74318,61],{"class":60},[50,74320,4341],{"class":56},[50,74322,425],{"class":64},[50,74324,243],{"class":101},[50,74326,8722],{"class":64},[50,74328,74329],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,74330,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,74332,74333,74335,74337,74340],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,74334,118],{"class":94},[50,74336,98],{"class":64},[50,74338,74339],{"class":101},"new_list",[50,74341,105],{"class":64},[50,74343,74344,74346,74348,74350],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,74345,118],{"class":94},[50,74347,98],{"class":64},[50,74349,102],{"class":101},[50,74351,105],{"class":64},[20,74353,353],{},[41,74355,74357],{"className":43,"code":74356,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"None\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,74358,74359,74363],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,74360,74361],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,74362,11882],{"class":207},[50,74364,74365,74367,74369,74371,74373,74375,74377],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,74366,363],{"class":64},[50,74368,69],{"class":68},[50,74370,72],{"class":64},[50,74372,80],{"class":68},[50,74374,72],{"class":64},[50,74376,75],{"class":68},[50,74378,83],{"class":64},[20,74380,11974],{},[158,74382,74383,74391,74395],{},[161,74384,74385,74387,74388,74390],{},[15,74386,73582],{}," changes ",[15,74389,102],{}," directly",[161,74392,40975,74393,71900],{},[3824,74394,4709],{},[161,74396,53722,74397,42225,74399],{},[15,74398,74339],{},[15,74400,208],{},[20,74402,61962],{},[41,74404,74406],{"className":43,"code":74405,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74407,74408,74428,74438,74442],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,74409,74410,74412,74414,74416,74418,74420,74422,74424,74426],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,74411,57],{"class":56},[50,74413,61],{"class":60},[50,74415,65],{"class":64},[50,74417,366],{"class":68},[50,74419,72],{"class":64},[50,74421,80],{"class":68},[50,74423,72],{"class":64},[50,74425,500],{"class":68},[50,74427,83],{"class":64},[50,74429,74430,74432,74434,74436],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,74431,102],{"class":56},[50,74433,425],{"class":64},[50,74435,243],{"class":101},[50,74437,8722],{"class":64},[50,74439,74440],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,74441,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,74443,74444,74446,74448,74450],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,74445,118],{"class":94},[50,74447,98],{"class":64},[50,74449,102],{"class":101},[50,74451,105],{"class":64},[20,74453,353],{},[41,74455,74457],{"className":43,"code":74456,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,74458,74459],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,74460,74461,74463,74465,74467,74469,74471,74473],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,74462,363],{"class":64},[50,74464,69],{"class":68},[50,74466,72],{"class":64},[50,74468,80],{"class":68},[50,74470,72],{"class":64},[50,74472,75],{"class":68},[50,74474,83],{"class":64},[36,74476,74478,1467,74480,74482],{"id":74477},"reverse-vs-sorted-vs-slicing",[15,74479,73582],{},[15,74481,17],{}," vs slicing",[20,74484,74485],{},"These are similar, but they do different jobs.",[222,74487,74488],{"id":243},[15,74489,73582],{},[20,74491,74492,74494],{},[15,74493,73582],{}," flips the current order of the list.",[41,74496,74498],{"className":43,"code":74497,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74499,74500,74520,74530],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,74501,74502,74504,74506,74508,74510,74512,74514,74516,74518],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,74503,57],{"class":56},[50,74505,61],{"class":60},[50,74507,65],{"class":64},[50,74509,69],{"class":68},[50,74511,72],{"class":64},[50,74513,75],{"class":68},[50,74515,72],{"class":64},[50,74517,80],{"class":68},[50,74519,83],{"class":64},[50,74521,74522,74524,74526,74528],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,74523,102],{"class":56},[50,74525,425],{"class":64},[50,74527,243],{"class":101},[50,74529,8722],{"class":64},[50,74531,74532,74534,74536,74538],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,74533,118],{"class":94},[50,74535,98],{"class":64},[50,74537,102],{"class":101},[50,74539,105],{"class":64},[20,74541,353],{},[41,74543,74545],{"className":43,"code":74544,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,74546,74547],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,74548,74549,74551,74553,74555,74557,74559,74561],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,74550,363],{"class":64},[50,74552,1564],{"class":68},[50,74554,72],{"class":64},[50,74556,75],{"class":68},[50,74558,72],{"class":64},[50,74560,500],{"class":68},[50,74562,83],{"class":64},[20,74564,74565,74566,74568],{},"Notice that this is ",[3824,74567,4709],{}," sorted order. It is just the original list backward.",[222,74570,74571],{"id":191},[15,74572,17],{},[20,74574,74575,74580],{},[421,74576,74578],{"href":74577},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained\u002F",[15,74579,17],{}," returns a new list in sorted order.",[41,74582,74584],{"className":43,"code":74583,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,74585,74586,74606,74620,74624,74634],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,74587,74588,74590,74592,74594,74596,74598,74600,74602,74604],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,74589,57],{"class":56},[50,74591,61],{"class":60},[50,74593,65],{"class":64},[50,74595,69],{"class":68},[50,74597,72],{"class":64},[50,74599,75],{"class":68},[50,74601,72],{"class":64},[50,74603,80],{"class":68},[50,74605,83],{"class":64},[50,74607,74608,74610,74612,74614,74616,74618],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,74609,89],{"class":56},[50,74611,61],{"class":60},[50,74613,95],{"class":94},[50,74615,98],{"class":64},[50,74617,102],{"class":101},[50,74619,105],{"class":64},[50,74621,74622],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,74623,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,74625,74626,74628,74630,74632],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,74627,118],{"class":94},[50,74629,98],{"class":64},[50,74631,102],{"class":101},[50,74633,105],{"class":64},[50,74635,74636,74638,74640,74642],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,74637,118],{"class":94},[50,74639,98],{"class":64},[50,74641,123],{"class":101},[50,74643,105],{"class":64},[20,74645,353],{},[41,74647,74649],{"className":43,"code":74648,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[3, 1, 2]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,74650,74651,74667],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,74652,74653,74655,74657,74659,74661,74663,74665],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,74654,363],{"class":64},[50,74656,69],{"class":68},[50,74658,72],{"class":64},[50,74660,75],{"class":68},[50,74662,72],{"class":64},[50,74664,80],{"class":68},[50,74666,83],{"class":64},[50,74668,74669,74671,74673,74675,74677,74679,74681],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,74670,363],{"class":64},[50,74672,366],{"class":68},[50,74674,72],{"class":64},[50,74676,80],{"class":68},[50,74678,72],{"class":64},[50,74680,500],{"class":68},[50,74682,83],{"class":64},[20,74684,74685,74686,425],{},"If you want descending sorted order, you can use ",[15,74687,74688],{},"sorted(numbers, reverse=True)",[222,74690,74692],{"id":74691},"slicing","Slicing",[20,74694,74695,74696,74699],{},"Slicing with ",[15,74697,74698],{},"[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy.",[41,74701,74703],{"className":43,"code":74702,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers[::-1]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,74704,74705,74725,74741,74745,74755],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,74706,74707,74709,74711,74713,74715,74717,74719,74721,74723],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,74708,57],{"class":56},[50,74710,61],{"class":60},[50,74712,65],{"class":64},[50,74714,69],{"class":68},[50,74716,72],{"class":64},[50,74718,75],{"class":68},[50,74720,72],{"class":64},[50,74722,80],{"class":68},[50,74724,83],{"class":64},[50,74726,74727,74729,74731,74733,74735,74737,74739],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,74728,89],{"class":56},[50,74730,61],{"class":60},[50,74732,4341],{"class":56},[50,74734,74181],{"class":64},[50,74736,2124],{"class":60},[50,74738,366],{"class":68},[50,74740,83],{"class":64},[50,74742,74743],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,74744,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,74746,74747,74749,74751,74753],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,74748,118],{"class":94},[50,74750,98],{"class":64},[50,74752,102],{"class":101},[50,74754,105],{"class":64},[50,74756,74757,74759,74761,74763],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,74758,118],{"class":94},[50,74760,98],{"class":64},[50,74762,123],{"class":101},[50,74764,105],{"class":64},[20,74766,353],{},[41,74768,74770],{"className":43,"code":74769,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[3, 1, 2]\n[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,74771,74772,74788],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,74773,74774,74776,74778,74780,74782,74784,74786],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,74775,363],{"class":64},[50,74777,69],{"class":68},[50,74779,72],{"class":64},[50,74781,75],{"class":68},[50,74783,72],{"class":64},[50,74785,80],{"class":68},[50,74787,83],{"class":64},[50,74789,74790,74792,74794,74796,74798,74800,74802],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,74791,363],{"class":64},[50,74793,1564],{"class":68},[50,74795,72],{"class":64},[50,74797,75],{"class":68},[50,74799,72],{"class":64},[50,74801,500],{"class":68},[50,74803,83],{"class":64},[222,74805,74807],{"id":74806},"quick-comparison","Quick comparison",[158,74809,74810,74815,74820],{},[161,74811,920,74812,74814],{},[15,74813,73582],{}," when you want to change the original list",[161,74816,920,74817,74819],{},[15,74818,74698],{}," when you want a reversed copy",[161,74821,920,74822,74824],{},[15,74823,17],{}," when you want items in sorted order",[20,74826,74827,74828,74834],{},"You may also want to compare this with the ",[421,74829,74831,74832,10816],{"href":74830},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method\u002F","list ",[15,74833,1770],{},", which sorts a list in place instead of reversing it.",[36,74836,5040,74838],{"id":74837},"when-to-use-reverse",[15,74839,73582],{},[20,74841,74842,74844],{},[15,74843,73582],{}," is a good choice:",[158,74846,74847,74850,74853],{},[161,74848,74849],{},"When the list is already in the order you want to flip",[161,74851,74852],{},"When changing the original list is acceptable",[161,74854,74855],{},"When you want a simple built-in way to reverse items",[20,74857,74858,74859,425],{},"For a task-focused guide with multiple ways to do this, see ",[421,74860,74862],{"href":74861},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-reverse-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to reverse a list in Python",[36,74864,1743],{"id":1742},[20,74866,74867,74868,74870],{},"Beginners often run into problems with ",[15,74869,73582],{}," for these reasons:",[158,74872,74873,74877,74882,74887],{},[161,74874,12669,74875,12672],{},[15,74876,73582],{},[161,74878,8532,74879,74881],{},[15,74880,73582],{}," to sort values from highest to lowest",[161,74883,914,74884,74886],{},[15,74885,73582],{}," on a string or tuple instead of a list",[161,74888,37273,74889,8784,74891],{},[15,74890,73582],{},[15,74892,74893],{},"reversed()",[20,74895,74896],{},"Here is an example of using it on the wrong type:",[41,74898,74900],{"className":43,"code":74899,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.reverse()\n",[15,74901,74902,74914],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,74903,74904,74906,74908,74910,74912],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,74905,695],{"class":56},[50,74907,61],{"class":60},[50,74909,700],{"class":604},[50,74911,3926],{"class":608},[50,74913,705],{"class":604},[50,74915,74916,74918,74920,74922],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,74917,718],{"class":56},[50,74919,425],{"class":64},[50,74921,243],{"class":101},[50,74923,8722],{"class":64},[20,74925,74926,74927,33671],{},"This causes an error because strings do not have a ",[15,74928,73582],{},[20,74930,74931],{},"If you are not sure what type a variable is, check it first:",[41,74933,74935],{"className":43,"code":74934,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\n\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,74936,74937,74957,74961,74971,74985,74989,75003,75013,75017],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,74938,74939,74941,74943,74945,74947,74949,74951,74953,74955],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,74940,8387],{"class":56},[50,74942,61],{"class":60},[50,74944,65],{"class":64},[50,74946,366],{"class":68},[50,74948,72],{"class":64},[50,74950,80],{"class":68},[50,74952,72],{"class":64},[50,74954,500],{"class":68},[50,74956,83],{"class":64},[50,74958,74959],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,74960,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,74962,74963,74965,74967,74969],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,74964,118],{"class":94},[50,74966,98],{"class":64},[50,74968,8418],{"class":101},[50,74970,105],{"class":64},[50,74972,74973,74975,74977,74979,74981,74983],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,74974,118],{"class":94},[50,74976,98],{"class":64},[50,74978,558],{"class":557},[50,74980,98],{"class":64},[50,74982,8418],{"class":101},[50,74984,478],{"class":64},[50,74986,74987],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,74988,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,74990,74991,74993,74995,74997,74999,75001],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,74992,89],{"class":56},[50,74994,61],{"class":60},[50,74996,8475],{"class":56},[50,74998,425],{"class":64},[50,75000,243],{"class":101},[50,75002,8722],{"class":64},[50,75004,75005,75007,75009,75011],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,75006,118],{"class":94},[50,75008,98],{"class":64},[50,75010,123],{"class":101},[50,75012,105],{"class":64},[50,75014,75015],{"class":52,"line":6503},[50,75016,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,75018,75019,75021,75023,75025,75027,75029,75031],{"class":52,"line":6509},[50,75020,118],{"class":94},[50,75022,98],{"class":64},[50,75024,8418],{"class":101},[50,75026,74181],{"class":64},[50,75028,2124],{"class":60},[50,75030,366],{"class":68},[50,75032,3970],{"class":64},[20,75034,353],{},[41,75036,75038],{"className":43,"code":75037,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[1, 2, 1]\n",[15,75039,75040,75056,75070,75074],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,75041,75042,75044,75046,75048,75050,75052,75054],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,75043,363],{"class":64},[50,75045,366],{"class":68},[50,75047,72],{"class":64},[50,75049,80],{"class":68},[50,75051,72],{"class":64},[50,75053,500],{"class":68},[50,75055,83],{"class":64},[50,75057,75058,75060,75062,75064,75066,75068],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,75059,597],{"class":60},[50,75061,601],{"class":600},[50,75063,605],{"class":604},[50,75065,437],{"class":608},[50,75067,611],{"class":604},[50,75069,614],{"class":60},[50,75071,75072],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,75073,11882],{"class":207},[50,75075,75076,75078,75080,75082,75084,75086,75088],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,75077,363],{"class":64},[50,75079,366],{"class":68},[50,75081,72],{"class":64},[50,75083,80],{"class":68},[50,75085,72],{"class":64},[50,75087,75],{"class":68},[50,75089,83],{"class":64},[20,75091,75092],{},"Wait — the last output above would be wrong for that list, so here is the correct runnable example:",[41,75094,75096],{"className":43,"code":75095,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\nprint(my_list)\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,75097,75098,75118,75122,75132,75146,75150,75164,75174,75184],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,75099,75100,75102,75104,75106,75108,75110,75112,75114,75116],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,75101,8387],{"class":56},[50,75103,61],{"class":60},[50,75105,65],{"class":64},[50,75107,366],{"class":68},[50,75109,72],{"class":64},[50,75111,80],{"class":68},[50,75113,72],{"class":64},[50,75115,500],{"class":68},[50,75117,83],{"class":64},[50,75119,75120],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,75121,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,75123,75124,75126,75128,75130],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,75125,118],{"class":94},[50,75127,98],{"class":64},[50,75129,8418],{"class":101},[50,75131,105],{"class":64},[50,75133,75134,75136,75138,75140,75142,75144],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,75135,118],{"class":94},[50,75137,98],{"class":64},[50,75139,558],{"class":557},[50,75141,98],{"class":64},[50,75143,8418],{"class":101},[50,75145,478],{"class":64},[50,75147,75148],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,75149,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,75151,75152,75154,75156,75158,75160,75162],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,75153,89],{"class":56},[50,75155,61],{"class":60},[50,75157,8475],{"class":56},[50,75159,425],{"class":64},[50,75161,243],{"class":101},[50,75163,8722],{"class":64},[50,75165,75166,75168,75170,75172],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,75167,118],{"class":94},[50,75169,98],{"class":64},[50,75171,123],{"class":101},[50,75173,105],{"class":64},[50,75175,75176,75178,75180,75182],{"class":52,"line":6503},[50,75177,118],{"class":94},[50,75179,98],{"class":64},[50,75181,8418],{"class":101},[50,75183,105],{"class":64},[50,75185,75186,75188,75190,75192,75194,75196,75198],{"class":52,"line":6509},[50,75187,118],{"class":94},[50,75189,98],{"class":64},[50,75191,8418],{"class":101},[50,75193,74181],{"class":64},[50,75195,2124],{"class":60},[50,75197,366],{"class":68},[50,75199,3970],{"class":64},[20,75201,353],{},[41,75203,75205],{"className":43,"code":75204,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[3, 2, 1]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,75206,75207,75223,75237,75241,75257],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,75208,75209,75211,75213,75215,75217,75219,75221],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,75210,363],{"class":64},[50,75212,366],{"class":68},[50,75214,72],{"class":64},[50,75216,80],{"class":68},[50,75218,72],{"class":64},[50,75220,500],{"class":68},[50,75222,83],{"class":64},[50,75224,75225,75227,75229,75231,75233,75235],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,75226,597],{"class":60},[50,75228,601],{"class":600},[50,75230,605],{"class":604},[50,75232,437],{"class":608},[50,75234,611],{"class":604},[50,75236,614],{"class":60},[50,75238,75239],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,75240,11882],{"class":207},[50,75242,75243,75245,75247,75249,75251,75253,75255],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,75244,363],{"class":64},[50,75246,69],{"class":68},[50,75248,72],{"class":64},[50,75250,80],{"class":68},[50,75252,72],{"class":64},[50,75254,75],{"class":68},[50,75256,83],{"class":64},[50,75258,75259,75261,75263,75265,75267,75269,75271],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,75260,363],{"class":64},[50,75262,366],{"class":68},[50,75264,72],{"class":64},[50,75266,80],{"class":68},[50,75268,72],{"class":64},[50,75270,500],{"class":68},[50,75272,83],{"class":64},[20,75274,75275],{},"Notice the last line carefully:",[158,75277,75278,75287,75296],{},[161,75279,27865,75280,75283,75284],{},[15,75281,75282],{},"my_list.reverse()",", the list becomes ",[15,75285,75286],{},"[3, 2, 1]",[161,75288,11990,75289,75292,75293,22629],{},[15,75290,75291],{},"my_list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy of the ",[3824,75294,75295],{},"current",[161,75297,75298,75299],{},"So it prints ",[15,75300,75301],{},"[1, 2, 3]",[36,75303,1913],{"id":1912},[222,75305,1917,75307,55537],{"id":75306},"does-listreverse-return-a-new-list",[15,75308,73587],{},[20,75310,62667,75311,425],{},[15,75312,208],{},[222,75314,34276,75316,34279,75318,1943],{"id":75315},"how-is-reverse-different-from-sortedreversetrue",[15,75317,73582],{},[15,75319,75320],{},"sorted(reverse=True)",[20,75322,75323,75325],{},[15,75324,73582],{}," only flips the current order.",[20,75327,75328,75330],{},[15,75329,75320],{}," sorts the items first, then returns them in descending order.",[222,75332,28398,75334,75336],{"id":75333},"can-i-use-reverse-on-a-tuple-or-string",[15,75335,73582],{}," on a tuple or string?",[20,75338,46435,75339,75341],{},[15,75340,73582],{}," is a list method. Tuples and strings do not have this method.",[222,75343,75345],{"id":75344},"how-do-i-reverse-a-list-without-changing-the-original","How do I reverse a list without changing the original?",[20,75347,75348],{},"Use slicing:",[41,75350,75352],{"className":43,"code":75351,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_list[::-1]\n",[15,75353,75354],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,75355,75356,75358,75360,75362,75364],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,75357,8418],{"class":56},[50,75359,74181],{"class":64},[50,75361,2124],{"class":60},[50,75363,366],{"class":68},[50,75365,83],{"class":64},[20,75367,75368],{},"Or use:",[41,75370,75372],{"className":43,"code":75371,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"list(reversed(my_list))\n",[15,75373,75374],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,75375,75376,75378,75380,75383,75385,75387],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,75377,437],{"class":557},[50,75379,98],{"class":64},[50,75381,75382],{"class":94},"reversed",[50,75384,98],{"class":64},[50,75386,8418],{"class":101},[50,75388,478],{"class":64},[20,75390,75391,75392,75396],{},"If you need to keep a separate version of a list before changing it, ",[421,75393,55588,75394],{"href":55029},[15,75395,12850],{}," can also help.",[36,75398,1975],{"id":1974},[158,75400,75401,75407,75413,75417,75421],{},[161,75402,75403],{},[421,75404,55588,75405,10816],{"href":74830},[15,75406,1770],{},[161,75408,75409],{},[421,75410,13,75411,1461],{"href":74577},[15,75412,17],{},[161,75414,75415],{},[421,75416,74862],{"href":74861},[161,75418,75419],{},[421,75420,74280],{"href":73600},[161,75422,75423],{},[421,75424,55588,75425,10816],{"href":55029},[15,75426,12850],{},[2018,75428,75429],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":75431},[75432,75433,75435,75436,75437,75439,75440,75447,75449,75450,75459],{"id":38,"depth":86,"text":39},{"id":73660,"depth":86,"text":75434},"What list.reverse() does",{"id":180,"depth":86,"text":181},{"id":270,"depth":86,"text":271},{"id":74019,"depth":86,"text":75438},"reverse() changes the original list",{"id":74283,"depth":86,"text":74284},{"id":74477,"depth":86,"text":75441,"children":75442},"reverse() vs sorted() vs slicing",[75443,75444,75445,75446],{"id":243,"depth":108,"text":73582},{"id":191,"depth":108,"text":17},{"id":74691,"depth":108,"text":74692},{"id":74806,"depth":108,"text":74807},{"id":74837,"depth":86,"text":75448},"When to use reverse()",{"id":1742,"depth":86,"text":1743},{"id":1912,"depth":86,"text":1913,"children":75451},[75452,75454,75456,75458],{"id":75306,"depth":108,"text":75453},"Does list.reverse() return a new list?",{"id":75315,"depth":108,"text":75455},"How is reverse() different from sorted(reverse=True)?",{"id":75333,"depth":108,"text":75457},"Can I use reverse() on a tuple or string?",{"id":75344,"depth":108,"text":75345},{"id":1974,"depth":86,"text":1975},"Master python list reverse method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method",{"title":73574,"description":75460},"reference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method","GoeoBvCO4O891oJThYue_Af4uTq12-LuXTFyhK08BAs",{"id":75467,"title":75468,"body":75469,"description":77901,"extension":2064,"meta":77902,"navigation":111,"path":77903,"seo":77904,"stem":77905,"__hash__":77906},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained.md","Python List Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":75470,"toc":77869},[75471,75474,75486,75489,75512,75520,75522,75634,75643,75647,75650,75653,75740,75742,75775,75777,75800,75806,75810,75813,75835,75837,75854,75857,75877,75879,75989,75991,76068,76072,76075,76117,76119,76252,76254,76356,76361,76365,76368,76370,76384,76387,76501,76503,76577,76579,76607,76611,76616,76646,76649,76775,76777,76859,76865,76869,76871,76910,76919,76923,76926,76930,76977,76979,76987,76991,77042,77044,77057,77059,77073,77076,77084,77086,77133,77135,77143,77146,77189,77194,77197,77200,77223,77227,77278,77281,77302,77312,77316,77318,77348,77351,77374,77378,77381,77448,77450,77487,77490,77498,77565,77567,77604,77610,77617,77621,77624,77654,77659,77663,77666,77690,77693,77787,77797,77799,77803,77806,77810,77813,77818,77821,77827,77830,77832,77860,77866],[10,75472,75468],{"id":75473},"python-list-slicing-explained",[20,75475,75476,75477,31,75479,17144,75482,75485],{},"List slicing lets you get part of a list in Python. It is a very common pattern, and once you understand ",[15,75478,36142],{},[15,75480,75481],{},"stop",[15,75483,75484],{},"step",", it becomes much easier to read and write Python code.",[20,75487,75488],{},"The basic slice form is:",[41,75490,75492],{"className":43,"code":75491,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_list[start:stop:step]\n",[15,75493,75494],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,75495,75496,75498,75500,75502,75504,75506,75508,75510],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,75497,8418],{"class":56},[50,75499,363],{"class":64},[50,75501,36142],{"class":56},[50,75503,819],{"class":64},[50,75505,75481],{"class":56},[50,75507,819],{"class":64},[50,75509,75484],{"class":56},[50,75511,83],{"class":64},[20,75513,75514,75515,75517,75518,425],{},"You can leave out parts of the slice, and Python will use default values. One important rule to remember is that the ",[15,75516,75481],{}," position is ",[3824,75519,65130],{},[36,75521,2105],{"id":2104},[41,75523,75525],{"className":43,"code":75524,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # [20, 30, 40]\nprint(numbers[:3])    # [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers[::2])   # [10, 30, 50]\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,75526,75527,75555,75559,75580,75598,75615],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,75528,75529,75531,75533,75535,75537,75539,75541,75543,75545,75547,75549,75551,75553],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,75530,57],{"class":56},[50,75532,61],{"class":60},[50,75534,65],{"class":64},[50,75536,1618],{"class":68},[50,75538,72],{"class":64},[50,75540,840],{"class":68},[50,75542,72],{"class":64},[50,75544,1627],{"class":68},[50,75546,72],{"class":64},[50,75548,50913],{"class":68},[50,75550,72],{"class":64},[50,75552,5160],{"class":68},[50,75554,83],{"class":64},[50,75556,75557],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,75558,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,75560,75561,75563,75565,75567,75569,75571,75573,75575,75577],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,75562,118],{"class":94},[50,75564,98],{"class":64},[50,75566,102],{"class":101},[50,75568,363],{"class":64},[50,75570,366],{"class":68},[50,75572,819],{"class":64},[50,75574,2602],{"class":68},[50,75576,20516],{"class":64},[50,75578,75579],{"class":129},"   # [20, 30, 40]\n",[50,75581,75582,75584,75586,75588,75591,75593,75595],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,75583,118],{"class":94},[50,75585,98],{"class":64},[50,75587,102],{"class":101},[50,75589,75590],{"class":64},"[:",[50,75592,69],{"class":68},[50,75594,20516],{"class":64},[50,75596,75597],{"class":129},"    # [10, 20, 30]\n",[50,75599,75600,75602,75604,75606,75608,75610,75612],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,75601,118],{"class":94},[50,75603,98],{"class":64},[50,75605,102],{"class":101},[50,75607,74181],{"class":64},[50,75609,1564],{"class":68},[50,75611,20516],{"class":64},[50,75613,75614],{"class":129},"   # [10, 30, 50]\n",[50,75616,75617,75619,75621,75623,75625,75627,75629,75631],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,75618,118],{"class":94},[50,75620,98],{"class":64},[50,75622,102],{"class":101},[50,75624,74181],{"class":64},[50,75626,2124],{"class":60},[50,75628,366],{"class":68},[50,75630,20516],{"class":64},[50,75632,75633],{"class":129},"  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[20,75635,920,75636,75639,75640,75642],{},[15,75637,75638],{},"list[start:stop:step]",". The ",[15,75641,75481],{}," value is not included.",[36,75644,75646],{"id":75645},"what-list-slicing-means","What list slicing means",[20,75648,75649],{},"Slicing gets part of a list.",[20,75651,75652],{},"It uses square brackets with colons:",[41,75654,75656],{"className":43,"code":75655,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\npart = letters[1:4]\nprint(part)\n",[15,75657,75658,75706,75710,75729],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,75659,75660,75662,75664,75666,75668,75670,75672,75674,75676,75678,75680,75682,75684,75686,75688,75690,75692,75694,75696,75698,75700,75702,75704],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,75661,36160],{"class":56},[50,75663,61],{"class":60},[50,75665,65],{"class":64},[50,75667,811],{"class":604},[50,75669,421],{"class":608},[50,75671,811],{"class":604},[50,75673,72],{"class":64},[50,75675,700],{"class":604},[50,75677,4839],{"class":608},[50,75679,811],{"class":604},[50,75681,72],{"class":64},[50,75683,700],{"class":604},[50,75685,9817],{"class":608},[50,75687,811],{"class":604},[50,75689,72],{"class":64},[50,75691,700],{"class":604},[50,75693,18837],{"class":608},[50,75695,811],{"class":604},[50,75697,72],{"class":64},[50,75699,700],{"class":604},[50,75701,60513],{"class":608},[50,75703,811],{"class":604},[50,75705,83],{"class":64},[50,75707,75708],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,75709,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,75711,75712,75715,75717,75719,75721,75723,75725,75727],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,75713,75714],{"class":56},"part ",[50,75716,61],{"class":60},[50,75718,70157],{"class":56},[50,75720,363],{"class":64},[50,75722,366],{"class":68},[50,75724,819],{"class":64},[50,75726,2602],{"class":68},[50,75728,83],{"class":64},[50,75730,75731,75733,75735,75738],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,75732,118],{"class":94},[50,75734,98],{"class":64},[50,75736,75737],{"class":101},"part",[50,75739,105],{"class":64},[20,75741,353],{},[41,75743,75745],{"className":43,"code":75744,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,75746,75747],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,75748,75749,75751,75753,75755,75757,75759,75761,75763,75765,75767,75769,75771,75773],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,75750,363],{"class":64},[50,75752,611],{"class":604},[50,75754,4839],{"class":608},[50,75756,611],{"class":604},[50,75758,72],{"class":64},[50,75760,605],{"class":604},[50,75762,9817],{"class":608},[50,75764,611],{"class":604},[50,75766,72],{"class":64},[50,75768,605],{"class":604},[50,75770,18837],{"class":608},[50,75772,611],{"class":604},[50,75774,83],{"class":64},[20,75776,13125],{},[158,75778,75779,75782,75785,75791,75797],{},[161,75780,75781],{},"Slicing gets part of a list",[161,75783,75784],{},"It uses square brackets with colons",[161,75786,75787,75788],{},"Basic form: ",[15,75789,75790],{},"list[start:stop]",[161,75792,75793,75794,75796],{},"The item at ",[15,75795,75481],{}," is not included",[161,75798,75799],{},"Slicing returns a new list",[20,75801,75802,75803,425],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with lists, see the ",[421,75804,75805],{"href":1908},"beginner guide to Python lists",[36,75807,75809],{"id":75808},"how-slice-positions-work","How slice positions work",[20,75811,75812],{},"A slice can have up to three parts:",[41,75814,75815],{"className":43,"code":75491,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,75816,75817],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,75818,75819,75821,75823,75825,75827,75829,75831,75833],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,75820,8418],{"class":56},[50,75822,363],{"class":64},[50,75824,36142],{"class":56},[50,75826,819],{"class":64},[50,75828,75481],{"class":56},[50,75830,819],{"class":64},[50,75832,75484],{"class":56},[50,75834,83],{"class":64},[20,75836,65106],{},[158,75838,75839,75844,75849],{},[161,75840,75841,75843],{},[15,75842,36142],{}," is where slicing begins",[161,75845,75846,75848],{},[15,75847,75481],{}," is where slicing ends before that position",[161,75850,75851,75853],{},[15,75852,75484],{}," controls how many positions to move each time",[20,75855,75856],{},"If you leave part of the slice out:",[158,75858,75859,75865,75870],{},[161,75860,75861,75862,75864],{},"Missing ",[15,75863,36142],{}," means begin at the start of the list",[161,75866,75861,75867,75869],{},[15,75868,75481],{}," means go to the end of the list",[161,75871,75861,75872,75874,75875],{},[15,75873,75484],{}," means use ",[15,75876,366],{},[20,75878,1602],{},[41,75880,75882],{"className":43,"code":75881,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\nprint(numbers[:3])    # start from the beginning\nprint(numbers[2:])    # go to the end\nprint(numbers[::1])   # step of 1\n",[15,75883,75884,75912,75916,75937,75954,75972],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,75885,75886,75888,75890,75892,75894,75896,75898,75900,75902,75904,75906,75908,75910],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,75887,57],{"class":56},[50,75889,61],{"class":60},[50,75891,65],{"class":64},[50,75893,1618],{"class":68},[50,75895,72],{"class":64},[50,75897,840],{"class":68},[50,75899,72],{"class":64},[50,75901,1627],{"class":68},[50,75903,72],{"class":64},[50,75905,50913],{"class":68},[50,75907,72],{"class":64},[50,75909,5160],{"class":68},[50,75911,83],{"class":64},[50,75913,75914],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,75915,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,75917,75918,75920,75922,75924,75926,75928,75930,75932,75934],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,75919,118],{"class":94},[50,75921,98],{"class":64},[50,75923,102],{"class":101},[50,75925,363],{"class":64},[50,75927,366],{"class":68},[50,75929,819],{"class":64},[50,75931,2602],{"class":68},[50,75933,20516],{"class":64},[50,75935,75936],{"class":129},"   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\n",[50,75938,75939,75941,75943,75945,75947,75949,75951],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,75940,118],{"class":94},[50,75942,98],{"class":64},[50,75944,102],{"class":101},[50,75946,75590],{"class":64},[50,75948,69],{"class":68},[50,75950,20516],{"class":64},[50,75952,75953],{"class":129},"    # start from the beginning\n",[50,75955,75956,75958,75960,75962,75964,75966,75969],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,75957,118],{"class":94},[50,75959,98],{"class":64},[50,75961,102],{"class":101},[50,75963,363],{"class":64},[50,75965,1564],{"class":68},[50,75967,75968],{"class":64},":])",[50,75970,75971],{"class":129},"    # go to the end\n",[50,75973,75974,75976,75978,75980,75982,75984,75986],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,75975,118],{"class":94},[50,75977,98],{"class":64},[50,75979,102],{"class":101},[50,75981,74181],{"class":64},[50,75983,366],{"class":68},[50,75985,20516],{"class":64},[50,75987,75988],{"class":129},"   # step of 1\n",[20,75990,353],{},[41,75992,75994],{"className":43,"code":75993,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n[30, 40, 50]\n[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n",[15,75995,75996,76012,76028,76044],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,75997,75998,76000,76002,76004,76006,76008,76010],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,75999,363],{"class":64},[50,76001,15826],{"class":68},[50,76003,72],{"class":64},[50,76005,1627],{"class":68},[50,76007,72],{"class":64},[50,76009,50913],{"class":68},[50,76011,83],{"class":64},[50,76013,76014,76016,76018,76020,76022,76024,76026],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,76015,363],{"class":64},[50,76017,1618],{"class":68},[50,76019,72],{"class":64},[50,76021,840],{"class":68},[50,76023,72],{"class":64},[50,76025,1627],{"class":68},[50,76027,83],{"class":64},[50,76029,76030,76032,76034,76036,76038,76040,76042],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,76031,363],{"class":64},[50,76033,36910],{"class":68},[50,76035,72],{"class":64},[50,76037,50913],{"class":68},[50,76039,72],{"class":64},[50,76041,5160],{"class":68},[50,76043,83],{"class":64},[50,76045,76046,76048,76050,76052,76054,76056,76058,76060,76062,76064,76066],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,76047,363],{"class":64},[50,76049,1618],{"class":68},[50,76051,72],{"class":64},[50,76053,840],{"class":68},[50,76055,72],{"class":64},[50,76057,1627],{"class":68},[50,76059,72],{"class":64},[50,76061,50913],{"class":68},[50,76063,72],{"class":64},[50,76065,5160],{"class":68},[50,76067,83],{"class":64},[36,76069,76071],{"id":76070},"common-slicing-patterns","Common slicing patterns",[20,76073,76074],{},"These are some of the most useful slice patterns to know:",[158,76076,76077,76085,76094,76105,76111],{},[161,76078,76079,76082,76083,6043],{},[15,76080,76081],{},"list[:n]"," gets the first ",[15,76084,745],{},[161,76086,76087,76090,76091,76093],{},[15,76088,76089],{},"list[n:]"," gets items from position ",[15,76092,745],{}," to the end",[161,76095,76096,76099,76100,76102,76103],{},[15,76097,76098],{},"list[a:b]"," gets items from ",[15,76101,421],{}," up to ",[15,76104,4839],{},[161,76106,76107,76110],{},[15,76108,76109],{},"list[::2]"," gets every second item",[161,76112,76113,76116],{},[15,76114,76115],{},"list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy",[20,76118,1602],{},[41,76120,76122],{"className":43,"code":76121,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[:3])    # first 3 items\nprint(numbers[3:])    # from index 3 to the end\nprint(numbers[1:5])   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\nprint(numbers[::2])   # every second item\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # reversed copy\n",[15,76123,76124,76157,76161,76178,76195,76216,76233],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,76125,76126,76128,76130,76132,76134,76136,76138,76140,76142,76144,76146,76148,76150,76152,76155],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,76127,57],{"class":56},[50,76129,61],{"class":60},[50,76131,65],{"class":64},[50,76133,1618],{"class":68},[50,76135,72],{"class":64},[50,76137,840],{"class":68},[50,76139,72],{"class":64},[50,76141,1627],{"class":68},[50,76143,72],{"class":64},[50,76145,50913],{"class":68},[50,76147,72],{"class":64},[50,76149,5160],{"class":68},[50,76151,72],{"class":64},[50,76153,76154],{"class":68}," 60",[50,76156,83],{"class":64},[50,76158,76159],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,76160,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,76162,76163,76165,76167,76169,76171,76173,76175],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,76164,118],{"class":94},[50,76166,98],{"class":64},[50,76168,102],{"class":101},[50,76170,75590],{"class":64},[50,76172,69],{"class":68},[50,76174,20516],{"class":64},[50,76176,76177],{"class":129},"    # first 3 items\n",[50,76179,76180,76182,76184,76186,76188,76190,76192],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,76181,118],{"class":94},[50,76183,98],{"class":64},[50,76185,102],{"class":101},[50,76187,363],{"class":64},[50,76189,69],{"class":68},[50,76191,75968],{"class":64},[50,76193,76194],{"class":129},"    # from index 3 to the end\n",[50,76196,76197,76199,76201,76203,76205,76207,76209,76211,76213],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,76198,118],{"class":94},[50,76200,98],{"class":64},[50,76202,102],{"class":101},[50,76204,363],{"class":64},[50,76206,366],{"class":68},[50,76208,819],{"class":64},[50,76210,290],{"class":68},[50,76212,20516],{"class":64},[50,76214,76215],{"class":129},"   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\n",[50,76217,76218,76220,76222,76224,76226,76228,76230],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,76219,118],{"class":94},[50,76221,98],{"class":64},[50,76223,102],{"class":101},[50,76225,74181],{"class":64},[50,76227,1564],{"class":68},[50,76229,20516],{"class":64},[50,76231,76232],{"class":129},"   # every second item\n",[50,76234,76235,76237,76239,76241,76243,76245,76247,76249],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,76236,118],{"class":94},[50,76238,98],{"class":64},[50,76240,102],{"class":101},[50,76242,74181],{"class":64},[50,76244,2124],{"class":60},[50,76246,366],{"class":68},[50,76248,20516],{"class":64},[50,76250,76251],{"class":129},"  # reversed copy\n",[20,76253,353],{},[41,76255,76257],{"className":43,"code":76256,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[10, 20, 30]\n[40, 50, 60]\n[20, 30, 40, 50]\n[10, 30, 50]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,76258,76259,76275,76291,76311,76327],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,76260,76261,76263,76265,76267,76269,76271,76273],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,76262,363],{"class":64},[50,76264,1618],{"class":68},[50,76266,72],{"class":64},[50,76268,840],{"class":68},[50,76270,72],{"class":64},[50,76272,1627],{"class":68},[50,76274,83],{"class":64},[50,76276,76277,76279,76281,76283,76285,76287,76289],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,76278,363],{"class":64},[50,76280,56760],{"class":68},[50,76282,72],{"class":64},[50,76284,5160],{"class":68},[50,76286,72],{"class":64},[50,76288,76154],{"class":68},[50,76290,83],{"class":64},[50,76292,76293,76295,76297,76299,76301,76303,76305,76307,76309],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,76294,363],{"class":64},[50,76296,15826],{"class":68},[50,76298,72],{"class":64},[50,76300,1627],{"class":68},[50,76302,72],{"class":64},[50,76304,50913],{"class":68},[50,76306,72],{"class":64},[50,76308,5160],{"class":68},[50,76310,83],{"class":64},[50,76312,76313,76315,76317,76319,76321,76323,76325],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,76314,363],{"class":64},[50,76316,1618],{"class":68},[50,76318,72],{"class":64},[50,76320,1627],{"class":68},[50,76322,72],{"class":64},[50,76324,5160],{"class":68},[50,76326,83],{"class":64},[50,76328,76329,76331,76334,76336,76338,76340,76342,76344,76346,76348,76350,76352,76354],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,76330,363],{"class":64},[50,76332,76333],{"class":68},"60",[50,76335,72],{"class":64},[50,76337,5160],{"class":68},[50,76339,72],{"class":64},[50,76341,50913],{"class":68},[50,76343,72],{"class":64},[50,76345,1627],{"class":68},[50,76347,72],{"class":64},[50,76349,840],{"class":68},[50,76351,72],{"class":64},[50,76353,6082],{"class":68},[50,76355,83],{"class":64},[20,76357,76358,76359,425],{},"If you want to make a separate copy of a list, see ",[421,76360,14960],{"href":57286},[36,76362,76364],{"id":76363},"negative-indexes-in-slices","Negative indexes in slices",[20,76366,76367],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list.",[20,76369,5551],{},[158,76371,76372,76378],{},[161,76373,76374,76377],{},[15,76375,76376],{},"list[-1]"," is the last item",[161,76379,76380,76383],{},[15,76381,76382],{},"list[-2]"," is the second-to-last item",[20,76385,76386],{},"Negative indexes also work in slices.",[41,76388,76390],{"className":43,"code":76389,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\nprint(letters[-1])    # last item\nprint(letters[-3:])   # last 3 items\nprint(letters[:-1])   # everything except the last item\n",[15,76391,76392,76440,76444,76463,76482],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,76393,76394,76396,76398,76400,76402,76404,76406,76408,76410,76412,76414,76416,76418,76420,76422,76424,76426,76428,76430,76432,76434,76436,76438],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,76395,36160],{"class":56},[50,76397,61],{"class":60},[50,76399,65],{"class":64},[50,76401,811],{"class":604},[50,76403,421],{"class":608},[50,76405,811],{"class":604},[50,76407,72],{"class":64},[50,76409,700],{"class":604},[50,76411,4839],{"class":608},[50,76413,811],{"class":604},[50,76415,72],{"class":64},[50,76417,700],{"class":604},[50,76419,9817],{"class":608},[50,76421,811],{"class":604},[50,76423,72],{"class":64},[50,76425,700],{"class":604},[50,76427,18837],{"class":608},[50,76429,811],{"class":604},[50,76431,72],{"class":64},[50,76433,700],{"class":604},[50,76435,60513],{"class":608},[50,76437,811],{"class":604},[50,76439,83],{"class":64},[50,76441,76442],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,76443,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,76445,76446,76448,76450,76452,76454,76456,76458,76460],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,76447,118],{"class":94},[50,76449,98],{"class":64},[50,76451,36213],{"class":101},[50,76453,363],{"class":64},[50,76455,2124],{"class":60},[50,76457,366],{"class":68},[50,76459,20516],{"class":64},[50,76461,76462],{"class":129},"    # last item\n",[50,76464,76465,76467,76469,76471,76473,76475,76477,76479],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,76466,118],{"class":94},[50,76468,98],{"class":64},[50,76470,36213],{"class":101},[50,76472,363],{"class":64},[50,76474,2124],{"class":60},[50,76476,69],{"class":68},[50,76478,75968],{"class":64},[50,76480,76481],{"class":129},"   # last 3 items\n",[50,76483,76484,76486,76488,76490,76492,76494,76496,76498],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,76485,118],{"class":94},[50,76487,98],{"class":64},[50,76489,36213],{"class":101},[50,76491,75590],{"class":64},[50,76493,2124],{"class":60},[50,76495,366],{"class":68},[50,76497,20516],{"class":64},[50,76499,76500],{"class":129},"   # everything except the last item\n",[20,76502,353],{},[41,76504,76506],{"className":43,"code":76505,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"e\n['c', 'd', 'e']\n['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,76507,76508,76513,76541],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,76509,76510],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,76511,76512],{"class":56},"e\n",[50,76514,76515,76517,76519,76521,76523,76525,76527,76529,76531,76533,76535,76537,76539],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,76516,363],{"class":64},[50,76518,611],{"class":604},[50,76520,9817],{"class":608},[50,76522,611],{"class":604},[50,76524,72],{"class":64},[50,76526,605],{"class":604},[50,76528,18837],{"class":608},[50,76530,611],{"class":604},[50,76532,72],{"class":64},[50,76534,605],{"class":604},[50,76536,60513],{"class":608},[50,76538,611],{"class":604},[50,76540,83],{"class":64},[50,76542,76543,76545,76547,76549,76551,76553,76555,76557,76559,76561,76563,76565,76567,76569,76571,76573,76575],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,76544,363],{"class":64},[50,76546,611],{"class":604},[50,76548,421],{"class":608},[50,76550,611],{"class":604},[50,76552,72],{"class":64},[50,76554,605],{"class":604},[50,76556,4839],{"class":608},[50,76558,611],{"class":604},[50,76560,72],{"class":64},[50,76562,605],{"class":604},[50,76564,9817],{"class":608},[50,76566,611],{"class":604},[50,76568,72],{"class":64},[50,76570,605],{"class":604},[50,76572,18837],{"class":608},[50,76574,611],{"class":604},[50,76576,83],{"class":64},[20,76578,13125],{},[158,76580,76581,76584,76588,76594,76600],{},[161,76582,76583],{},"Negative indexes count from the end",[161,76585,76586,76377],{},[15,76587,76376],{},[161,76589,76590,76593],{},[15,76591,76592],{},"list[-3:]"," gets the last three items",[161,76595,76596,76599],{},[15,76597,76598],{},"list[:-1]"," gets everything except the last item",[161,76601,76602,76603,4472,76605],{},"Negative indexes work with both ",[15,76604,36142],{},[15,76606,75481],{},[36,76608,76610],{"id":76609},"slice-step-and-reverse-order","Slice step and reverse order",[20,76612,1185,76613,76615],{},[15,76614,75484],{}," value controls how far Python moves each time.",[158,76617,76618,76621,76624,76629,76639],{},[161,76619,76620],{},"A positive step moves left to right",[161,76622,76623],{},"A negative step moves right to left",[161,76625,76626,76628],{},[15,76627,76115],{}," is a common way to reverse a list copy",[161,76630,8955,76631,76633,76634,76636,76637],{},[15,76632,75484],{}," is negative, ",[15,76635,36142],{}," usually needs to be greater than ",[15,76638,75481],{},[161,76640,76641,76643,76644],{},[15,76642,75484],{}," cannot be ",[15,76645,2220],{},[20,76647,76648],{},"Example with different step values:",[41,76650,76652],{"className":43,"code":76651,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[::2])     # every second item\nprint(numbers[1::2])    # every second item starting at index 1\nprint(numbers[::-1])    # reverse the list\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[15,76653,76654,76686,76690,76707,76729,76748],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,76655,76656,76658,76660,76662,76664,76666,76668,76670,76672,76674,76676,76678,76680,76682,76684],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,76657,57],{"class":56},[50,76659,61],{"class":60},[50,76661,65],{"class":64},[50,76663,1618],{"class":68},[50,76665,72],{"class":64},[50,76667,840],{"class":68},[50,76669,72],{"class":64},[50,76671,1627],{"class":68},[50,76673,72],{"class":64},[50,76675,50913],{"class":68},[50,76677,72],{"class":64},[50,76679,5160],{"class":68},[50,76681,72],{"class":64},[50,76683,76154],{"class":68},[50,76685,83],{"class":64},[50,76687,76688],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,76689,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,76691,76692,76694,76696,76698,76700,76702,76704],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,76693,118],{"class":94},[50,76695,98],{"class":64},[50,76697,102],{"class":101},[50,76699,74181],{"class":64},[50,76701,1564],{"class":68},[50,76703,20516],{"class":64},[50,76705,76706],{"class":129},"     # every second item\n",[50,76708,76709,76711,76713,76715,76717,76719,76722,76724,76726],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,76710,118],{"class":94},[50,76712,98],{"class":64},[50,76714,102],{"class":101},[50,76716,363],{"class":64},[50,76718,366],{"class":68},[50,76720,76721],{"class":64},"::",[50,76723,1564],{"class":68},[50,76725,20516],{"class":64},[50,76727,76728],{"class":129},"    # every second item starting at index 1\n",[50,76730,76731,76733,76735,76737,76739,76741,76743,76745],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,76732,118],{"class":94},[50,76734,98],{"class":64},[50,76736,102],{"class":101},[50,76738,74181],{"class":64},[50,76740,2124],{"class":60},[50,76742,366],{"class":68},[50,76744,20516],{"class":64},[50,76746,76747],{"class":129},"    # reverse the list\n",[50,76749,76750,76752,76754,76756,76758,76760,76762,76764,76766,76768,76770,76772],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,76751,118],{"class":94},[50,76753,98],{"class":64},[50,76755,102],{"class":101},[50,76757,363],{"class":64},[50,76759,2602],{"class":68},[50,76761,819],{"class":64},[50,76763,366],{"class":68},[50,76765,819],{"class":64},[50,76767,2124],{"class":60},[50,76769,366],{"class":68},[50,76771,20516],{"class":64},[50,76773,76774],{"class":129},"  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[20,76776,353],{},[41,76778,76780],{"className":43,"code":76779,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[10, 30, 50]\n[20, 40, 60]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n[50, 40, 30]\n",[15,76781,76782,76798,76814,76842],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,76783,76784,76786,76788,76790,76792,76794,76796],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,76785,363],{"class":64},[50,76787,1618],{"class":68},[50,76789,72],{"class":64},[50,76791,1627],{"class":68},[50,76793,72],{"class":64},[50,76795,5160],{"class":68},[50,76797,83],{"class":64},[50,76799,76800,76802,76804,76806,76808,76810,76812],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,76801,363],{"class":64},[50,76803,15826],{"class":68},[50,76805,72],{"class":64},[50,76807,50913],{"class":68},[50,76809,72],{"class":64},[50,76811,76154],{"class":68},[50,76813,83],{"class":64},[50,76815,76816,76818,76820,76822,76824,76826,76828,76830,76832,76834,76836,76838,76840],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,76817,363],{"class":64},[50,76819,76333],{"class":68},[50,76821,72],{"class":64},[50,76823,5160],{"class":68},[50,76825,72],{"class":64},[50,76827,50913],{"class":68},[50,76829,72],{"class":64},[50,76831,1627],{"class":68},[50,76833,72],{"class":64},[50,76835,840],{"class":68},[50,76837,72],{"class":64},[50,76839,6082],{"class":68},[50,76841,83],{"class":64},[50,76843,76844,76846,76849,76851,76853,76855,76857],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,76845,363],{"class":64},[50,76847,76848],{"class":68},"50",[50,76850,72],{"class":64},[50,76852,50913],{"class":68},[50,76854,72],{"class":64},[50,76856,1627],{"class":68},[50,76858,83],{"class":64},[20,76860,76861,76862,425],{},"If you want to reverse a list in other ways, compare this with ",[421,76863,76864],{"href":74861},"how to reverse a list in Python",[222,76866,76868],{"id":76867},"step-cannot-be-0","Step cannot be 0",[20,76870,2934],{},[41,76872,76874],{"className":43,"code":76873,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,76875,76876,76896],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,76877,76878,76880,76882,76884,76886,76888,76890,76892,76894],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,76879,57],{"class":56},[50,76881,61],{"class":60},[50,76883,65],{"class":64},[50,76885,366],{"class":68},[50,76887,72],{"class":64},[50,76889,80],{"class":68},[50,76891,72],{"class":64},[50,76893,500],{"class":68},[50,76895,83],{"class":64},[50,76897,76898,76900,76902,76904,76906,76908],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,76899,118],{"class":94},[50,76901,98],{"class":64},[50,76903,102],{"class":101},[50,76905,74181],{"class":64},[50,76907,2220],{"class":68},[50,76909,3970],{"class":64},[20,76911,76912,76913,76915,76916,76918],{},"Python raises a ",[15,76914,40773],{}," because a slice step of ",[15,76917,2220],{}," does not make sense.",[36,76920,76922],{"id":76921},"slicing-vs-indexing","Slicing vs indexing",[20,76924,76925],{},"Slicing and indexing look similar, but they do different things.",[222,76927,76929],{"id":76928},"indexing-gets-one-item","Indexing gets one item",[41,76931,76933],{"className":43,"code":76932,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,76934,76935,76959,76963],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,76936,76937,76939,76941,76943,76945,76947,76949,76951,76953,76955,76957],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,76938,57],{"class":56},[50,76940,61],{"class":60},[50,76942,65],{"class":64},[50,76944,1618],{"class":68},[50,76946,72],{"class":64},[50,76948,840],{"class":68},[50,76950,72],{"class":64},[50,76952,1627],{"class":68},[50,76954,72],{"class":64},[50,76956,50913],{"class":68},[50,76958,83],{"class":64},[50,76960,76961],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,76962,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,76964,76965,76967,76969,76971,76973,76975],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,76966,118],{"class":94},[50,76968,98],{"class":64},[50,76970,102],{"class":101},[50,76972,363],{"class":64},[50,76974,1564],{"class":68},[50,76976,3970],{"class":64},[20,76978,353],{},[41,76980,76981],{"className":43,"code":69901,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,76982,76983],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,76984,76985],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,76986,69901],{"class":68},[222,76988,76990],{"id":76989},"slicing-gets-a-new-list","Slicing gets a new list",[41,76992,76994],{"className":43,"code":76993,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2:3])\n",[15,76995,76996,77020,77024],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,76997,76998,77000,77002,77004,77006,77008,77010,77012,77014,77016,77018],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,76999,57],{"class":56},[50,77001,61],{"class":60},[50,77003,65],{"class":64},[50,77005,1618],{"class":68},[50,77007,72],{"class":64},[50,77009,840],{"class":68},[50,77011,72],{"class":64},[50,77013,1627],{"class":68},[50,77015,72],{"class":64},[50,77017,50913],{"class":68},[50,77019,83],{"class":64},[50,77021,77022],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,77023,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,77025,77026,77028,77030,77032,77034,77036,77038,77040],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,77027,118],{"class":94},[50,77029,98],{"class":64},[50,77031,102],{"class":101},[50,77033,363],{"class":64},[50,77035,1564],{"class":68},[50,77037,819],{"class":64},[50,77039,69],{"class":68},[50,77041,3970],{"class":64},[20,77043,353],{},[41,77045,77047],{"className":43,"code":77046,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[30]\n",[15,77048,77049],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,77050,77051,77053,77055],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,77052,363],{"class":64},[50,77054,36910],{"class":68},[50,77056,83],{"class":64},[20,77058,404],{},[158,77060,77061,77067],{},[161,77062,77063,77066],{},[15,77064,77065],{},"numbers[2]"," returns one value",[161,77068,77069,77072],{},[15,77070,77071],{},"numbers[2:3]"," returns a list with one item",[20,77074,77075],{},"Another important difference is error behavior:",[158,77077,77078,77081],{},[161,77079,77080],{},"Out-of-range indexing can raise an error",[161,77082,77083],{},"Out-of-range slicing usually does not",[20,77085,1602],{},[41,77087,77089],{"className":43,"code":77088,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5:10])\n",[15,77090,77091,77111,77115],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,77092,77093,77095,77097,77099,77101,77103,77105,77107,77109],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,77094,57],{"class":56},[50,77096,61],{"class":60},[50,77098,65],{"class":64},[50,77100,1618],{"class":68},[50,77102,72],{"class":64},[50,77104,840],{"class":68},[50,77106,72],{"class":64},[50,77108,1627],{"class":68},[50,77110,83],{"class":64},[50,77112,77113],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,77114,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,77116,77117,77119,77121,77123,77125,77127,77129,77131],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,77118,118],{"class":94},[50,77120,98],{"class":64},[50,77122,102],{"class":101},[50,77124,363],{"class":64},[50,77126,290],{"class":68},[50,77128,819],{"class":64},[50,77130,1618],{"class":68},[50,77132,3970],{"class":64},[20,77134,353],{},[41,77136,77137],{"className":43,"code":38367,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,77138,77139],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,77140,77141],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,77142,38367],{"class":64},[20,77144,77145],{},"But this would raise an error:",[41,77147,77149],{"className":43,"code":77148,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,77150,77151,77171,77175],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,77152,77153,77155,77157,77159,77161,77163,77165,77167,77169],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,77154,57],{"class":56},[50,77156,61],{"class":60},[50,77158,65],{"class":64},[50,77160,1618],{"class":68},[50,77162,72],{"class":64},[50,77164,840],{"class":68},[50,77166,72],{"class":64},[50,77168,1627],{"class":68},[50,77170,83],{"class":64},[50,77172,77173],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,77174,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,77176,77177,77179,77181,77183,77185,77187],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,77178,118],{"class":94},[50,77180,98],{"class":64},[50,77182,102],{"class":101},[50,77184,363],{"class":64},[50,77186,290],{"class":68},[50,77188,3970],{"class":64},[20,77190,77191,77192,425],{},"If you run into that error, see ",[421,77193,69320],{"href":69319},[36,77195,15249],{"id":77196},"beginner-mistakes-to-avoid",[20,77198,77199],{},"These are the most common slicing mistakes:",[158,77201,77202,77206,77208,77211,77217],{},[161,77203,1756,77204,75796],{},[15,77205,75481],{},[161,77207,60757],{},[161,77209,77210],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original list",[161,77212,37273,77213,8784,77215],{},[15,77214,76115],{},[15,77216,73587],{},[161,77218,77219,77220,77222],{},"Using step ",[15,77221,2220],{},", which causes an error",[222,77224,77226],{"id":77225},"_1-forgetting-that-stop-is-not-included","1. Forgetting that stop is not included",[41,77228,77230],{"className":43,"code":77229,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,77231,77232,77260],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,77233,77234,77236,77238,77240,77242,77244,77246,77248,77250,77252,77254,77256,77258],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,77235,57],{"class":56},[50,77237,61],{"class":60},[50,77239,65],{"class":64},[50,77241,1618],{"class":68},[50,77243,72],{"class":64},[50,77245,840],{"class":68},[50,77247,72],{"class":64},[50,77249,1627],{"class":68},[50,77251,72],{"class":64},[50,77253,50913],{"class":68},[50,77255,72],{"class":64},[50,77257,5160],{"class":68},[50,77259,83],{"class":64},[50,77261,77262,77264,77266,77268,77270,77272,77274,77276],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,77263,118],{"class":94},[50,77265,98],{"class":64},[50,77267,102],{"class":101},[50,77269,363],{"class":64},[50,77271,366],{"class":68},[50,77273,819],{"class":64},[50,77275,2602],{"class":68},[50,77277,3970],{"class":64},[20,77279,77280],{},"This returns:",[41,77282,77284],{"className":43,"code":77283,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[20, 30, 40]\n",[15,77285,77286],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,77287,77288,77290,77292,77294,77296,77298,77300],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,77289,363],{"class":64},[50,77291,15826],{"class":68},[50,77293,72],{"class":64},[50,77295,1627],{"class":68},[50,77297,72],{"class":64},[50,77299,50913],{"class":68},[50,77301,83],{"class":64},[20,77303,40975,77304,77306,77307,77309,77310,425],{},[3824,77305,4709],{}," include ",[15,77308,76848],{},", because slicing stops before index ",[15,77311,2602],{},[222,77313,77315],{"id":77314},"_2-using-parentheses-instead-of-square-brackets","2. Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[20,77317,16715],{},[41,77319,77321],{"className":43,"code":77320,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# numbers(1:3)\n",[15,77322,77323,77343],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,77324,77325,77327,77329,77331,77333,77335,77337,77339,77341],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,77326,57],{"class":56},[50,77328,61],{"class":60},[50,77330,65],{"class":64},[50,77332,1618],{"class":68},[50,77334,72],{"class":64},[50,77336,840],{"class":68},[50,77338,72],{"class":64},[50,77340,1627],{"class":68},[50,77342,83],{"class":64},[50,77344,77345],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,77346,77347],{"class":129},"# numbers(1:3)\n",[20,77349,77350],{},"A slice must use square brackets:",[41,77352,77354],{"className":43,"code":77353,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,77355,77356],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,77357,77358,77360,77362,77364,77366,77368,77370,77372],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,77359,118],{"class":94},[50,77361,98],{"class":64},[50,77363,102],{"class":101},[50,77365,363],{"class":64},[50,77367,366],{"class":68},[50,77369,819],{"class":64},[50,77371,69],{"class":68},[50,77373,3970],{"class":64},[222,77375,77377],{"id":77376},"_3-expecting-slicing-to-modify-the-original-list","3. Expecting slicing to modify the original list",[20,77379,77380],{},"A slice creates a new list.",[41,77382,77384],{"className":43,"code":77383,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\npart = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77385,77386,77410,77424,77428,77438],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,77387,77388,77390,77392,77394,77396,77398,77400,77402,77404,77406,77408],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,77389,57],{"class":56},[50,77391,61],{"class":60},[50,77393,65],{"class":64},[50,77395,1618],{"class":68},[50,77397,72],{"class":64},[50,77399,840],{"class":68},[50,77401,72],{"class":64},[50,77403,1627],{"class":68},[50,77405,72],{"class":64},[50,77407,50913],{"class":68},[50,77409,83],{"class":64},[50,77411,77412,77414,77416,77418,77420,77422],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,77413,75714],{"class":56},[50,77415,61],{"class":60},[50,77417,4341],{"class":56},[50,77419,75590],{"class":64},[50,77421,1564],{"class":68},[50,77423,83],{"class":64},[50,77425,77426],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,77427,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,77429,77430,77432,77434,77436],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,77431,118],{"class":94},[50,77433,98],{"class":64},[50,77435,75737],{"class":101},[50,77437,105],{"class":64},[50,77439,77440,77442,77444,77446],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,77441,118],{"class":94},[50,77443,98],{"class":64},[50,77445,102],{"class":101},[50,77447,105],{"class":64},[20,77449,353],{},[41,77451,77453],{"className":43,"code":77452,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[10, 20]\n[10, 20, 30, 40]\n",[15,77454,77455,77467],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,77456,77457,77459,77461,77463,77465],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,77458,363],{"class":64},[50,77460,1618],{"class":68},[50,77462,72],{"class":64},[50,77464,840],{"class":68},[50,77466,83],{"class":64},[50,77468,77469,77471,77473,77475,77477,77479,77481,77483,77485],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,77470,363],{"class":64},[50,77472,1618],{"class":68},[50,77474,72],{"class":64},[50,77476,840],{"class":68},[50,77478,72],{"class":64},[50,77480,1627],{"class":68},[50,77482,72],{"class":64},[50,77484,50913],{"class":68},[50,77486,83],{"class":64},[20,77488,77489],{},"The original list stays the same unless you assign the result back.",[222,77491,77493,77494,8784,77496],{"id":77492},"_4-confusing-list-1-with-listreverse","4. Confusing ",[15,77495,76115],{},[15,77497,73587],{},[41,77499,77501],{"className":43,"code":77500,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nreversed_copy = numbers[::-1]\nprint(reversed_copy)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77502,77503,77523,77527,77544,77555],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,77504,77505,77507,77509,77511,77513,77515,77517,77519,77521],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,77506,57],{"class":56},[50,77508,61],{"class":60},[50,77510,65],{"class":64},[50,77512,1618],{"class":68},[50,77514,72],{"class":64},[50,77516,840],{"class":68},[50,77518,72],{"class":64},[50,77520,1627],{"class":68},[50,77522,83],{"class":64},[50,77524,77525],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,77526,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,77528,77529,77532,77534,77536,77538,77540,77542],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,77530,77531],{"class":56},"reversed_copy ",[50,77533,61],{"class":60},[50,77535,4341],{"class":56},[50,77537,74181],{"class":64},[50,77539,2124],{"class":60},[50,77541,366],{"class":68},[50,77543,83],{"class":64},[50,77545,77546,77548,77550,77553],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,77547,118],{"class":94},[50,77549,98],{"class":64},[50,77551,77552],{"class":101},"reversed_copy",[50,77554,105],{"class":64},[50,77556,77557,77559,77561,77563],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,77558,118],{"class":94},[50,77560,98],{"class":64},[50,77562,102],{"class":101},[50,77564,105],{"class":64},[20,77566,353],{},[41,77568,77570],{"className":43,"code":77569,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[30, 20, 10]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,77571,77572,77588],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,77573,77574,77576,77578,77580,77582,77584,77586],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,77575,363],{"class":64},[50,77577,36910],{"class":68},[50,77579,72],{"class":64},[50,77581,840],{"class":68},[50,77583,72],{"class":64},[50,77585,6082],{"class":68},[50,77587,83],{"class":64},[50,77589,77590,77592,77594,77596,77598,77600,77602],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,77591,363],{"class":64},[50,77593,1618],{"class":68},[50,77595,72],{"class":64},[50,77597,840],{"class":68},[50,77599,72],{"class":64},[50,77601,1627],{"class":68},[50,77603,83],{"class":64},[20,77605,77606,77609],{},[15,77607,77608],{},"numbers[::-1]"," creates a reversed copy.",[20,77611,77612,77613,77616],{},"By contrast, ",[15,77614,77615],{},"numbers.reverse()"," changes the original list in place.",[222,77618,77620],{"id":77619},"_5-using-a-step-of-0","5. Using a step of 0",[20,77622,77623],{},"This is not allowed:",[41,77625,77627],{"className":43,"code":77626,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# print(numbers[::0])\n",[15,77628,77629,77649],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,77630,77631,77633,77635,77637,77639,77641,77643,77645,77647],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,77632,57],{"class":56},[50,77634,61],{"class":60},[50,77636,65],{"class":64},[50,77638,1618],{"class":68},[50,77640,72],{"class":64},[50,77642,840],{"class":68},[50,77644,72],{"class":64},[50,77646,1627],{"class":68},[50,77648,83],{"class":64},[50,77650,77651],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,77652,77653],{"class":129},"# print(numbers[::0])\n",[20,77655,77656,77657,425],{},"Python will raise a ",[15,77658,40773],{},[36,77660,77662],{"id":77661},"common-causes-of-slicing-confusion","Common causes of slicing confusion",[20,77664,77665],{},"If list slicing feels confusing at first, these are usually the reasons:",[158,77667,77668,77675,77681,77684,77687],{},[161,77669,37273,77670,4472,77672,77674],{},[15,77671,36142],{},[15,77673,75481],{}," positions",[161,77676,77677,77678,77680],{},"Assuming the ",[15,77679,75481],{}," index is included",[161,77682,77683],{},"Mixing up slicing and indexing",[161,77685,77686],{},"Using a negative step without understanding the direction",[161,77688,77689],{},"Expecting a slice to modify the original list",[20,77691,77692],{},"A good way to debug slices is to print the list and test small examples:",[41,77694,77696],{"className":43,"code":77695,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list[1:4])\nprint(my_list[:3])\nprint(my_list[-3:])\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,77697,77698,77708,77722,77740,77754,77771],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,77699,77700,77702,77704,77706],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,77701,118],{"class":94},[50,77703,98],{"class":64},[50,77705,8418],{"class":101},[50,77707,105],{"class":64},[50,77709,77710,77712,77714,77716,77718,77720],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,77711,118],{"class":94},[50,77713,98],{"class":64},[50,77715,1267],{"class":94},[50,77717,98],{"class":64},[50,77719,8418],{"class":101},[50,77721,478],{"class":64},[50,77723,77724,77726,77728,77730,77732,77734,77736,77738],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,77725,118],{"class":94},[50,77727,98],{"class":64},[50,77729,8418],{"class":101},[50,77731,363],{"class":64},[50,77733,366],{"class":68},[50,77735,819],{"class":64},[50,77737,2602],{"class":68},[50,77739,3970],{"class":64},[50,77741,77742,77744,77746,77748,77750,77752],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,77743,118],{"class":94},[50,77745,98],{"class":64},[50,77747,8418],{"class":101},[50,77749,75590],{"class":64},[50,77751,69],{"class":68},[50,77753,3970],{"class":64},[50,77755,77756,77758,77760,77762,77764,77766,77768],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,77757,118],{"class":94},[50,77759,98],{"class":64},[50,77761,8418],{"class":101},[50,77763,363],{"class":64},[50,77765,2124],{"class":60},[50,77767,69],{"class":68},[50,77769,77770],{"class":64},":])\n",[50,77772,77773,77775,77777,77779,77781,77783,77785],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,77774,118],{"class":94},[50,77776,98],{"class":64},[50,77778,8418],{"class":101},[50,77780,74181],{"class":64},[50,77782,2124],{"class":60},[50,77784,366],{"class":68},[50,77786,3970],{"class":64},[20,77788,914,77789,77791,77792,77796],{},[15,77790,1454],{}," is especially helpful when you are checking positions in a list. See ",[421,77793,77795],{"href":77794},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len\u002F","Python list length with len()"," if you need a refresher.",[36,77798,1913],{"id":1912},[222,77800,77802],{"id":77801},"does-slicing-change-the-original-list","Does slicing change the original list?",[20,77804,77805],{},"No. A slice creates a new list unless you assign it back.",[222,77807,77809],{"id":77808},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-slice","Is the stop index included in a slice?",[20,77811,77812],{},"No. Python stops before that position.",[222,77814,1927,77816,40029],{"id":77815},"what-does-list-1-do",[15,77817,76115],{},[20,77819,77820],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the list.",[222,77822,77824,77825,1943],{"id":77823},"can-slicing-cause-indexerror","Can slicing cause ",[15,77826,70792],{},[20,77828,77829],{},"Usually no. Slices that go past the end return the available items.",[36,77831,1975],{"id":1974},[158,77833,77834,77839,77844,77848,77852,77856],{},[161,77835,77836],{},[421,77837,77838],{"href":1908},"Beginner guide to Python lists",[161,77840,77841],{},[421,77842,77843],{"href":57221},"How to create a list in Python",[161,77845,77846],{},[421,77847,15037],{"href":57286},[161,77849,77850],{},[421,77851,74862],{"href":74861},[161,77853,77854],{},[421,77855,77795],{"href":77794},[161,77857,77858],{},[421,77859,69320],{"href":69319},[20,77861,77862,77863,77865],{},"Practice with small lists first, such as 3 to 5 items. Once slicing feels natural, move on to list indexing, ",[15,77864,1454],{},", copying, and reversing.",[2018,77867,77868],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":77870},[77871,77872,77873,77874,77875,77876,77879,77883,77891,77892,77900],{"id":2104,"depth":86,"text":2105},{"id":75645,"depth":86,"text":75646},{"id":75808,"depth":86,"text":75809},{"id":76070,"depth":86,"text":76071},{"id":76363,"depth":86,"text":76364},{"id":76609,"depth":86,"text":76610,"children":77877},[77878],{"id":76867,"depth":108,"text":76868},{"id":76921,"depth":86,"text":76922,"children":77880},[77881,77882],{"id":76928,"depth":108,"text":76929},{"id":76989,"depth":108,"text":76990},{"id":77196,"depth":86,"text":15249,"children":77884},[77885,77886,77887,77888,77890],{"id":77225,"depth":108,"text":77226},{"id":77314,"depth":108,"text":77315},{"id":77376,"depth":108,"text":77377},{"id":77492,"depth":108,"text":77889},"4. Confusing list[::-1] with list.reverse()",{"id":77619,"depth":108,"text":77620},{"id":77661,"depth":86,"text":77662},{"id":1912,"depth":86,"text":1913,"children":77893},[77894,77895,77896,77898],{"id":77801,"depth":108,"text":77802},{"id":77808,"depth":108,"text":77809},{"id":77815,"depth":108,"text":77897},"What does list[::-1] do?",{"id":77823,"depth":108,"text":77899},"Can slicing cause IndexError?",{"id":1974,"depth":86,"text":1975},"Master python list slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained",{"title":75468,"description":77901},"reference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained","pKnzxErXID1m6QqeoQmUcGq-aEEzjpIsufZXfnjTT8o",{"id":77908,"title":77909,"body":77910,"description":79969,"extension":2064,"meta":79970,"navigation":111,"path":79971,"seo":79972,"stem":79973,"__hash__":79974},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method.md","Python List sort() Method",{"type":7,"value":77911,"toc":79935},[77912,77917,77922,77928,77930,77977,77984,77989,77993,78008,78011,78064,78066,78091,78096,78098,78129,78132,78147,78149,78210,78212,78237,78241,78246,78299,78301,78326,78331,78392,78394,78419,78422,78427,78431,78434,78495,78497,78530,78533,78594,78596,78629,78635,78708,78710,78742,78749,78754,78759,78761,78773,78776,78853,78855,78896,78899,78973,78975,79008,79013,79020,79027,79031,79040,79044,79052,79054,79121,79123,79159,79164,79174,79176,79181,79186,79188,79251,79253,79278,79285,79290,79294,79297,79337,79342,79347,79352,79354,79381,79386,79389,79436,79438,79494,79501,79506,79512,79581,79585,79588,79651,79653,79686,79691,79693,79696,79777,79779,79803,79809,79811,79816,79820,79827,79835,79839,79841,79864,79868,79870,79897,79900,79907,79910,79912,79932],[10,77913,54411,77915,11397],{"id":77914},"python-list-sort-method",[15,77916,1770],{},[20,77918,77919,77921],{},[15,77920,30],{}," is the built-in list method for sorting items in a list.",[20,77923,77924,77925,77927],{},"Use this page as a quick reference for what ",[15,77926,1770],{}," does, how its main arguments work, and the beginner mistakes to avoid.",[36,77929,2105],{"id":2104},[41,77931,77933],{"className":43,"code":77932,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(numbers)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,77934,77935,77955,77965],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,77936,77937,77939,77941,77943,77945,77947,77949,77951,77953],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,77938,57],{"class":56},[50,77940,61],{"class":60},[50,77942,65],{"class":64},[50,77944,69],{"class":68},[50,77946,72],{"class":64},[50,77948,75],{"class":68},[50,77950,72],{"class":64},[50,77952,80],{"class":68},[50,77954,83],{"class":64},[50,77956,77957,77959,77961,77963],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,77958,102],{"class":56},[50,77960,425],{"class":64},[50,77962,34869],{"class":101},[50,77964,8722],{"class":64},[50,77966,77967,77969,77971,77973,77975],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,77968,118],{"class":94},[50,77970,98],{"class":64},[50,77972,102],{"class":101},[50,77974,126],{"class":64},[50,77976,55001],{"class":129},[20,77978,920,77979,77981,77982,425],{},[15,77980,30],{}," to sort a list in place. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,77983,208],{},[36,77985,153,77987,156],{"id":77986},"what-listsort-does",[15,77988,30],{},[20,77990,77991,819],{},[15,77992,30],{},[158,77994,77995,77998,78001,78005],{},[161,77996,77997],{},"Sorts the items of a list in place",[161,77999,78000],{},"Changes the original list",[161,78002,11499,78003],{},[15,78004,208],{},[161,78006,78007],{},"Works for numbers and strings when items can be compared",[20,78009,78010],{},"This means the list itself is updated after you call the method.",[41,78012,78014],{"className":43,"code":78013,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78015,78016,78040,78050,78054],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,78017,78018,78020,78022,78024,78026,78028,78030,78032,78034,78036,78038],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,78019,57],{"class":56},[50,78021,61],{"class":60},[50,78023,65],{"class":64},[50,78025,290],{"class":68},[50,78027,72],{"class":64},[50,78029,80],{"class":68},[50,78031,72],{"class":64},[50,78033,54205],{"class":68},[50,78035,72],{"class":64},[50,78037,75],{"class":68},[50,78039,83],{"class":64},[50,78041,78042,78044,78046,78048],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,78043,102],{"class":56},[50,78045,425],{"class":64},[50,78047,34869],{"class":101},[50,78049,8722],{"class":64},[50,78051,78052],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,78053,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,78055,78056,78058,78060,78062],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,78057,118],{"class":94},[50,78059,98],{"class":64},[50,78061,102],{"class":101},[50,78063,105],{"class":64},[20,78065,353],{},[41,78067,78069],{"className":43,"code":78068,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[1, 2, 5, 9]\n",[15,78070,78071],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,78072,78073,78075,78077,78079,78081,78083,78085,78087,78089],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,78074,363],{"class":64},[50,78076,366],{"class":68},[50,78078,72],{"class":64},[50,78080,80],{"class":68},[50,78082,72],{"class":64},[50,78084,375],{"class":68},[50,78086,72],{"class":64},[50,78088,54205],{"class":68},[50,78090,83],{"class":64},[20,78092,78093,78094,425],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, see the ",[421,78095,67138],{"href":1908},[36,78097,181],{"id":180},[41,78099,78101],{"className":43,"code":78100,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_list.sort(key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,78102,78103],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,78104,78105,78107,78109,78111,78113,78115,78117,78119,78121,78123,78125,78127],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,78106,8418],{"class":56},[50,78108,425],{"class":64},[50,78110,34869],{"class":101},[50,78112,98],{"class":64},[50,78114,237],{"class":201},[50,78116,61],{"class":60},[50,78118,208],{"class":207},[50,78120,72],{"class":64},[50,78122,213],{"class":201},[50,78124,61],{"class":60},[50,78126,218],{"class":207},[50,78128,105],{"class":64},[20,78130,78131],{},"Main arguments:",[158,78133,78134,78139,78144],{},[161,78135,78136,78138],{},[15,78137,237],{}," lets you sort by a custom rule",[161,78140,78141,78143],{},[15,78142,917],{}," sorts in descending order",[161,78145,78146],{},"If no arguments are given, sorting is ascending",[20,78148,1602],{},[41,78150,78152],{"className":43,"code":78151,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [4, 1, 7, 2]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78153,78154,78178,78196,78200],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,78155,78156,78158,78160,78162,78164,78166,78168,78170,78172,78174,78176],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,78157,57],{"class":56},[50,78159,61],{"class":60},[50,78161,65],{"class":64},[50,78163,2602],{"class":68},[50,78165,72],{"class":64},[50,78167,75],{"class":68},[50,78169,72],{"class":64},[50,78171,6071],{"class":68},[50,78173,72],{"class":64},[50,78175,80],{"class":68},[50,78177,83],{"class":64},[50,78179,78180,78182,78184,78186,78188,78190,78192,78194],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,78181,102],{"class":56},[50,78183,425],{"class":64},[50,78185,34869],{"class":101},[50,78187,98],{"class":64},[50,78189,243],{"class":201},[50,78191,61],{"class":60},[50,78193,247],{"class":207},[50,78195,105],{"class":64},[50,78197,78198],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,78199,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,78201,78202,78204,78206,78208],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,78203,118],{"class":94},[50,78205,98],{"class":64},[50,78207,102],{"class":101},[50,78209,105],{"class":64},[20,78211,353],{},[41,78213,78215],{"className":43,"code":78214,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[7, 4, 2, 1]\n",[15,78216,78217],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,78218,78219,78221,78223,78225,78227,78229,78231,78233,78235],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,78220,363],{"class":64},[50,78222,2127],{"class":68},[50,78224,72],{"class":64},[50,78226,2554],{"class":68},[50,78228,72],{"class":64},[50,78230,80],{"class":68},[50,78232,72],{"class":64},[50,78234,75],{"class":68},[50,78236,83],{"class":64},[36,78238,78240],{"id":78239},"sort-numbers","Sort numbers",[20,78242,920,78243,78245],{},[15,78244,1770],{}," when you want to sort numbers in ascending order.",[41,78247,78249],{"className":43,"code":78248,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78250,78251,78275,78285,78289],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,78252,78253,78255,78257,78259,78261,78263,78265,78267,78269,78271,78273],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,78254,57],{"class":56},[50,78256,61],{"class":60},[50,78258,65],{"class":64},[50,78260,1618],{"class":68},[50,78262,72],{"class":64},[50,78264,500],{"class":68},[50,78266,72],{"class":64},[50,78268,299],{"class":68},[50,78270,72],{"class":64},[50,78272,75],{"class":68},[50,78274,83],{"class":64},[50,78276,78277,78279,78281,78283],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,78278,102],{"class":56},[50,78280,425],{"class":64},[50,78282,34869],{"class":101},[50,78284,8722],{"class":64},[50,78286,78287],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,78288,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,78290,78291,78293,78295,78297],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,78292,118],{"class":94},[50,78294,98],{"class":64},[50,78296,102],{"class":101},[50,78298,105],{"class":64},[20,78300,353],{},[41,78302,78304],{"className":43,"code":78303,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[1, 3, 8, 10]\n",[15,78305,78306],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,78307,78308,78310,78312,78314,78316,78318,78320,78322,78324],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,78309,363],{"class":64},[50,78311,366],{"class":68},[50,78313,72],{"class":64},[50,78315,500],{"class":68},[50,78317,72],{"class":64},[50,78319,299],{"class":68},[50,78321,72],{"class":64},[50,78323,6082],{"class":68},[50,78325,83],{"class":64},[20,78327,920,78328,78330],{},[15,78329,917],{}," for descending order:",[41,78332,78334],{"className":43,"code":78333,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78335,78336,78360,78378,78382],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,78337,78338,78340,78342,78344,78346,78348,78350,78352,78354,78356,78358],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,78339,57],{"class":56},[50,78341,61],{"class":60},[50,78343,65],{"class":64},[50,78345,1618],{"class":68},[50,78347,72],{"class":64},[50,78349,500],{"class":68},[50,78351,72],{"class":64},[50,78353,299],{"class":68},[50,78355,72],{"class":64},[50,78357,75],{"class":68},[50,78359,83],{"class":64},[50,78361,78362,78364,78366,78368,78370,78372,78374,78376],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,78363,102],{"class":56},[50,78365,425],{"class":64},[50,78367,34869],{"class":101},[50,78369,98],{"class":64},[50,78371,243],{"class":201},[50,78373,61],{"class":60},[50,78375,247],{"class":207},[50,78377,105],{"class":64},[50,78379,78380],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,78381,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,78383,78384,78386,78388,78390],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,78385,118],{"class":94},[50,78387,98],{"class":64},[50,78389,102],{"class":101},[50,78391,105],{"class":64},[20,78393,353],{},[41,78395,78397],{"className":43,"code":78396,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[10, 8, 3, 1]\n",[15,78398,78399],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,78400,78401,78403,78405,78407,78409,78411,78413,78415,78417],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,78402,363],{"class":64},[50,78404,1618],{"class":68},[50,78406,72],{"class":64},[50,78408,299],{"class":68},[50,78410,72],{"class":64},[50,78412,500],{"class":68},[50,78414,72],{"class":64},[50,78416,75],{"class":68},[50,78418,83],{"class":64},[20,78420,78421],{},"The important thing to remember is that the original list is updated after the method call.",[20,78423,78424,78425,425],{},"For a task-focused guide, read ",[421,78426,424],{"href":423},[36,78428,78430],{"id":78429},"sort-strings","Sort strings",[20,78432,78433],{},"Strings are sorted alphabetically by default.",[41,78435,78437],{"className":43,"code":78436,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78438,78439,78471,78481,78485],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,78440,78441,78443,78445,78447,78449,78451,78453,78455,78457,78459,78461,78463,78465,78467,78469],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,78442,1040],{"class":56},[50,78444,61],{"class":60},[50,78446,65],{"class":64},[50,78448,811],{"class":604},[50,78450,1058],{"class":608},[50,78452,811],{"class":604},[50,78454,72],{"class":64},[50,78456,700],{"class":604},[50,78458,1049],{"class":608},[50,78460,811],{"class":604},[50,78462,72],{"class":64},[50,78464,700],{"class":604},[50,78466,1067],{"class":608},[50,78468,811],{"class":604},[50,78470,83],{"class":64},[50,78472,78473,78475,78477,78479],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,78474,1088],{"class":56},[50,78476,425],{"class":64},[50,78478,34869],{"class":101},[50,78480,8722],{"class":64},[50,78482,78483],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,78484,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,78486,78487,78489,78491,78493],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,78488,118],{"class":94},[50,78490,98],{"class":64},[50,78492,1088],{"class":101},[50,78494,105],{"class":64},[20,78496,353],{},[41,78498,78500],{"className":43,"code":78499,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,78501,78502],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,78503,78504,78506,78508,78510,78512,78514,78516,78518,78520,78522,78524,78526,78528],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,78505,363],{"class":64},[50,78507,611],{"class":604},[50,78509,1049],{"class":608},[50,78511,611],{"class":604},[50,78513,72],{"class":64},[50,78515,605],{"class":604},[50,78517,1058],{"class":608},[50,78519,611],{"class":604},[50,78521,72],{"class":64},[50,78523,605],{"class":604},[50,78525,1067],{"class":608},[50,78527,611],{"class":604},[50,78529,83],{"class":64},[20,78531,78532],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters affect the result:",[41,78534,78536],{"className":43,"code":78535,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78537,78538,78570,78580,78584],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,78539,78540,78542,78544,78546,78548,78550,78552,78554,78556,78558,78560,78562,78564,78566,78568],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,78541,1040],{"class":56},[50,78543,61],{"class":60},[50,78545,65],{"class":64},[50,78547,811],{"class":604},[50,78549,1058],{"class":608},[50,78551,811],{"class":604},[50,78553,72],{"class":64},[50,78555,700],{"class":604},[50,78557,57835],{"class":608},[50,78559,811],{"class":604},[50,78561,72],{"class":64},[50,78563,700],{"class":604},[50,78565,1067],{"class":608},[50,78567,811],{"class":604},[50,78569,83],{"class":64},[50,78571,78572,78574,78576,78578],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,78573,1088],{"class":56},[50,78575,425],{"class":64},[50,78577,34869],{"class":101},[50,78579,8722],{"class":64},[50,78581,78582],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,78583,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,78585,78586,78588,78590,78592],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,78587,118],{"class":94},[50,78589,98],{"class":64},[50,78591,1088],{"class":101},[50,78593,105],{"class":64},[20,78595,353],{},[41,78597,78599],{"className":43,"code":78598,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['Apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,78600,78601],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,78602,78603,78605,78607,78609,78611,78613,78615,78617,78619,78621,78623,78625,78627],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,78604,363],{"class":64},[50,78606,611],{"class":604},[50,78608,57835],{"class":608},[50,78610,611],{"class":604},[50,78612,72],{"class":64},[50,78614,605],{"class":604},[50,78616,1058],{"class":608},[50,78618,611],{"class":604},[50,78620,72],{"class":64},[50,78622,605],{"class":604},[50,78624,1067],{"class":608},[50,78626,611],{"class":604},[50,78628,83],{"class":64},[20,78630,78631,78632,819],{},"If you want case-insensitive sorting, use ",[15,78633,78634],{},"key=str.lower",[41,78636,78638],{"className":43,"code":78637,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78639,78640,78672,78694,78698],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,78641,78642,78644,78646,78648,78650,78652,78654,78656,78658,78660,78662,78664,78666,78668,78670],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,78643,1040],{"class":56},[50,78645,61],{"class":60},[50,78647,65],{"class":64},[50,78649,811],{"class":604},[50,78651,1058],{"class":608},[50,78653,811],{"class":604},[50,78655,72],{"class":64},[50,78657,700],{"class":604},[50,78659,57835],{"class":608},[50,78661,811],{"class":604},[50,78663,72],{"class":64},[50,78665,700],{"class":604},[50,78667,1067],{"class":608},[50,78669,811],{"class":604},[50,78671,83],{"class":64},[50,78673,78674,78676,78678,78680,78682,78684,78686,78688,78690,78692],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,78675,1088],{"class":56},[50,78677,425],{"class":64},[50,78679,34869],{"class":101},[50,78681,98],{"class":64},[50,78683,237],{"class":201},[50,78685,61],{"class":60},[50,78687,1395],{"class":557},[50,78689,425],{"class":64},[50,78691,1401],{"class":1400},[50,78693,105],{"class":64},[50,78695,78696],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,78697,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,78699,78700,78702,78704,78706],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,78701,118],{"class":94},[50,78703,98],{"class":64},[50,78705,1088],{"class":101},[50,78707,105],{"class":64},[20,78709,353],{},[41,78711,78712],{"className":43,"code":78598,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,78713,78714],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,78715,78716,78718,78720,78722,78724,78726,78728,78730,78732,78734,78736,78738,78740],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,78717,363],{"class":64},[50,78719,611],{"class":604},[50,78721,57835],{"class":608},[50,78723,611],{"class":604},[50,78725,72],{"class":64},[50,78727,605],{"class":604},[50,78729,1058],{"class":608},[50,78731,611],{"class":604},[50,78733,72],{"class":64},[50,78735,605],{"class":604},[50,78737,1067],{"class":608},[50,78739,611],{"class":604},[50,78741,83],{"class":64},[20,78743,78744,78745,78748],{},"The original spelling stays the same. Python only uses ",[15,78746,78747],{},"str.lower"," as the sorting rule.",[36,78750,36681,78752,36684],{"id":78751},"using-the-key-argument",[15,78753,237],{},[20,78755,1185,78756,78758],{},[15,78757,237],{}," argument changes how each item is compared.",[20,78760,7422],{},[158,78762,78763,78768],{},[161,78764,78765,78767],{},[15,78766,1267],{}," to sort by length",[161,78769,78770,78772],{},[15,78771,78747],{}," to sort strings without case problems",[20,78774,78775],{},"Sort words by length:",[41,78777,78779],{"className":43,"code":78778,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"pear\", \"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78780,78781,78821,78839,78843],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,78782,78783,78785,78787,78789,78791,78793,78795,78797,78799,78801,78803,78805,78807,78809,78811,78813,78815,78817,78819],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,78784,1040],{"class":56},[50,78786,61],{"class":60},[50,78788,65],{"class":64},[50,78790,811],{"class":604},[50,78792,1212],{"class":608},[50,78794,811],{"class":604},[50,78796,72],{"class":64},[50,78798,700],{"class":604},[50,78800,1058],{"class":608},[50,78802,811],{"class":604},[50,78804,72],{"class":64},[50,78806,700],{"class":604},[50,78808,1221],{"class":608},[50,78810,811],{"class":604},[50,78812,72],{"class":64},[50,78814,700],{"class":604},[50,78816,1049],{"class":608},[50,78818,811],{"class":604},[50,78820,83],{"class":64},[50,78822,78823,78825,78827,78829,78831,78833,78835,78837],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,78824,1088],{"class":56},[50,78826,425],{"class":64},[50,78828,34869],{"class":101},[50,78830,98],{"class":64},[50,78832,237],{"class":201},[50,78834,61],{"class":60},[50,78836,1267],{"class":94},[50,78838,105],{"class":64},[50,78840,78841],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,78842,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,78844,78845,78847,78849,78851],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,78846,118],{"class":94},[50,78848,98],{"class":64},[50,78850,1088],{"class":101},[50,78852,105],{"class":64},[20,78854,353],{},[41,78856,78858],{"className":43,"code":78857,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['fig', 'pear', 'apple', 'banana']\n",[15,78859,78860],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,78861,78862,78864,78866,78868,78870,78872,78874,78876,78878,78880,78882,78884,78886,78888,78890,78892,78894],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,78863,363],{"class":64},[50,78865,611],{"class":604},[50,78867,1221],{"class":608},[50,78869,611],{"class":604},[50,78871,72],{"class":64},[50,78873,605],{"class":604},[50,78875,1212],{"class":608},[50,78877,611],{"class":604},[50,78879,72],{"class":64},[50,78881,605],{"class":604},[50,78883,1049],{"class":608},[50,78885,611],{"class":604},[50,78887,72],{"class":64},[50,78889,605],{"class":604},[50,78891,1058],{"class":608},[50,78893,611],{"class":604},[50,78895,83],{"class":64},[20,78897,78898],{},"Sort strings without case sensitivity:",[41,78900,78902],{"className":43,"code":78901,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"Bob\", \"alice\", \"Carol\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78903,78904,78937,78959,78963],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,78905,78906,78908,78910,78912,78914,78916,78918,78920,78922,78924,78926,78928,78930,78933,78935],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,78907,1040],{"class":56},[50,78909,61],{"class":60},[50,78911,65],{"class":64},[50,78913,811],{"class":604},[50,78915,5092],{"class":608},[50,78917,811],{"class":604},[50,78919,72],{"class":64},[50,78921,700],{"class":604},[50,78923,17873],{"class":608},[50,78925,811],{"class":604},[50,78927,72],{"class":64},[50,78929,700],{"class":604},[50,78931,78932],{"class":608},"Carol",[50,78934,811],{"class":604},[50,78936,83],{"class":64},[50,78938,78939,78941,78943,78945,78947,78949,78951,78953,78955,78957],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,78940,1088],{"class":56},[50,78942,425],{"class":64},[50,78944,34869],{"class":101},[50,78946,98],{"class":64},[50,78948,237],{"class":201},[50,78950,61],{"class":60},[50,78952,1395],{"class":557},[50,78954,425],{"class":64},[50,78956,1401],{"class":1400},[50,78958,105],{"class":64},[50,78960,78961],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,78962,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,78964,78965,78967,78969,78971],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,78966,118],{"class":94},[50,78968,98],{"class":64},[50,78970,1088],{"class":101},[50,78972,105],{"class":64},[20,78974,353],{},[41,78976,78978],{"className":43,"code":78977,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['alice', 'Bob', 'Carol']\n",[15,78979,78980],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,78981,78982,78984,78986,78988,78990,78992,78994,78996,78998,79000,79002,79004,79006],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,78983,363],{"class":64},[50,78985,611],{"class":604},[50,78987,17873],{"class":608},[50,78989,611],{"class":604},[50,78991,72],{"class":64},[50,78993,605],{"class":604},[50,78995,5092],{"class":608},[50,78997,611],{"class":604},[50,78999,72],{"class":64},[50,79001,605],{"class":604},[50,79003,78932],{"class":608},[50,79005,611],{"class":604},[50,79007,83],{"class":64},[20,79009,1185,79010,79012],{},[15,79011,237],{}," argument is especially useful when the default alphabetical or numeric order is not what you want.",[36,79014,79016,1467,79018],{"id":79015},"listsort-vs-sorted",[15,79017,30],{},[15,79019,17],{},[20,79021,79022,4472,79024,79026],{},[15,79023,30],{},[15,79025,17],{}," both sort data, but they work differently.",[20,79028,79029,819],{},[15,79030,30],{},[158,79032,79033,79036],{},[161,79034,79035],{},"Changes the existing list",[161,79037,11499,79038],{},[15,79039,208],{},[20,79041,79042,819],{},[15,79043,17],{},[158,79045,79046,79049],{},[161,79047,79048],{},"Returns a new sorted list",[161,79050,79051],{},"Leaves the original unchanged",[20,79053,1602],{},[41,79055,79057],{"className":43,"code":79056,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(new_list)\n",[15,79058,79059,79079,79083,79097,79101,79111],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,79060,79061,79063,79065,79067,79069,79071,79073,79075,79077],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,79062,57],{"class":56},[50,79064,61],{"class":60},[50,79066,65],{"class":64},[50,79068,69],{"class":68},[50,79070,72],{"class":64},[50,79072,75],{"class":68},[50,79074,72],{"class":64},[50,79076,80],{"class":68},[50,79078,83],{"class":64},[50,79080,79081],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,79082,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,79084,79085,79087,79089,79091,79093,79095],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,79086,55957],{"class":56},[50,79088,61],{"class":60},[50,79090,95],{"class":94},[50,79092,98],{"class":64},[50,79094,102],{"class":101},[50,79096,105],{"class":64},[50,79098,79099],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,79100,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,79102,79103,79105,79107,79109],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,79104,118],{"class":94},[50,79106,98],{"class":64},[50,79108,102],{"class":101},[50,79110,105],{"class":64},[50,79112,79113,79115,79117,79119],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,79114,118],{"class":94},[50,79116,98],{"class":64},[50,79118,74339],{"class":101},[50,79120,105],{"class":64},[20,79122,353],{},[41,79124,79125],{"className":43,"code":74648,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,79126,79127,79143],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,79128,79129,79131,79133,79135,79137,79139,79141],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,79130,363],{"class":64},[50,79132,69],{"class":68},[50,79134,72],{"class":64},[50,79136,75],{"class":68},[50,79138,72],{"class":64},[50,79140,80],{"class":68},[50,79142,83],{"class":64},[50,79144,79145,79147,79149,79151,79153,79155,79157],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,79146,363],{"class":64},[50,79148,366],{"class":68},[50,79150,72],{"class":64},[50,79152,80],{"class":68},[50,79154,72],{"class":64},[50,79156,500],{"class":68},[50,79158,83],{"class":64},[20,79160,920,79161,79163],{},[15,79162,17],{}," when you want to keep the original list unchanged.",[20,79165,79166,79167,4472,79171,425],{},"You can learn more in ",[421,79168,13,79169,1523],{"href":74577},[15,79170,17],{},[421,79172,79173],{"href":1518},"sorted() vs list.sort() explained",[36,79175,1743],{"id":1742},[20,79177,79178,79179,425],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,79180,30],{},[222,79182,12669,79184],{"id":79183},"assigning-the-result-of-sort",[15,79185,1770],{},[20,79187,25759],{},[41,79189,79191],{"className":43,"code":79190,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,79192,79193,79213,79227,79231,79241],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,79194,79195,79197,79199,79201,79203,79205,79207,79209,79211],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,79196,57],{"class":56},[50,79198,61],{"class":60},[50,79200,65],{"class":64},[50,79202,69],{"class":68},[50,79204,72],{"class":64},[50,79206,75],{"class":68},[50,79208,72],{"class":64},[50,79210,80],{"class":68},[50,79212,83],{"class":64},[50,79214,79215,79217,79219,79221,79223,79225],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,79216,89],{"class":56},[50,79218,61],{"class":60},[50,79220,4341],{"class":56},[50,79222,425],{"class":64},[50,79224,34869],{"class":101},[50,79226,8722],{"class":64},[50,79228,79229],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,79230,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,79232,79233,79235,79237,79239],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,79234,118],{"class":94},[50,79236,98],{"class":64},[50,79238,123],{"class":101},[50,79240,105],{"class":64},[50,79242,79243,79245,79247,79249],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,79244,118],{"class":94},[50,79246,98],{"class":64},[50,79248,102],{"class":101},[50,79250,105],{"class":64},[20,79252,353],{},[41,79254,79256],{"className":43,"code":79255,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"None\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,79257,79258,79262],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,79259,79260],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,79261,11882],{"class":207},[50,79263,79264,79266,79268,79270,79272,79274,79276],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,79265,363],{"class":64},[50,79267,366],{"class":68},[50,79269,72],{"class":64},[50,79271,80],{"class":68},[50,79273,72],{"class":64},[50,79275,500],{"class":68},[50,79277,83],{"class":64},[20,79279,79280,79282,79283,425],{},[15,79281,1770],{}," does not return the sorted list. It returns ",[15,79284,208],{},[20,79286,79287,79288,6709],{},"If you want a new list, use ",[15,79289,17],{},[222,79291,79293],{"id":79292},"sorting-mixed-types","Sorting mixed types",[20,79295,79296],{},"Python cannot always compare different types directly.",[41,79298,79300],{"className":43,"code":79299,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [1, \"two\", 3]\nitems.sort()\n",[15,79301,79302,79327],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,79303,79304,79306,79308,79310,79312,79314,79316,79319,79321,79323,79325],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,79305,7859],{"class":56},[50,79307,61],{"class":60},[50,79309,65],{"class":64},[50,79311,366],{"class":68},[50,79313,72],{"class":64},[50,79315,700],{"class":604},[50,79317,79318],{"class":608},"two",[50,79320,811],{"class":604},[50,79322,72],{"class":64},[50,79324,500],{"class":68},[50,79326,83],{"class":64},[50,79328,79329,79331,79333,79335],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,79330,7888],{"class":56},[50,79332,425],{"class":64},[50,79334,34869],{"class":101},[50,79336,8722],{"class":64},[20,79338,3097,79339,79341],{},[15,79340,1542],{}," because Python cannot sort integers and strings together by default.",[222,79343,1756,79345,1499],{"id":79344},"forgetting-that-sort-only-works-on-lists",[15,79346,1770],{},[20,79348,79349,79351],{},[15,79350,1770],{}," is a list method. It does not work directly on tuples or strings.",[20,79353,16715],{},[41,79355,79357],{"className":43,"code":79356,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"python\"\ntext.sort()\n",[15,79358,79359,79371],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,79360,79361,79363,79365,79367,79369],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,79362,695],{"class":56},[50,79364,61],{"class":60},[50,79366,700],{"class":604},[50,79368,45],{"class":608},[50,79370,705],{"class":604},[50,79372,79373,79375,79377,79379],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,79374,718],{"class":56},[50,79376,425],{"class":64},[50,79378,34869],{"class":101},[50,79380,8722],{"class":64},[20,79382,79383,79384,33671],{},"Strings do not have a ",[15,79385,1770],{},[20,79387,79388],{},"If needed, convert the data first:",[41,79390,79392],{"className":43,"code":79391,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"letters = list(\"python\")\nletters.sort()\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,79393,79394,79412,79422,79426],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,79395,79396,79398,79400,79402,79404,79406,79408,79410],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,79397,36160],{"class":56},[50,79399,61],{"class":60},[50,79401,22629],{"class":557},[50,79403,98],{"class":64},[50,79405,811],{"class":604},[50,79407,45],{"class":608},[50,79409,811],{"class":604},[50,79411,105],{"class":64},[50,79413,79414,79416,79418,79420],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,79415,36213],{"class":56},[50,79417,425],{"class":64},[50,79419,34869],{"class":101},[50,79421,8722],{"class":64},[50,79423,79424],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,79425,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,79427,79428,79430,79432,79434],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,79429,118],{"class":94},[50,79431,98],{"class":64},[50,79433,36213],{"class":101},[50,79435,105],{"class":64},[20,79437,353],{},[41,79439,79440],{"className":43,"code":725,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,79441,79442],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,79443,79444,79446,79448,79450,79452,79454,79456,79458,79460,79462,79464,79466,79468,79470,79472,79474,79476,79478,79480,79482,79484,79486,79488,79490,79492],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,79445,363],{"class":64},[50,79447,611],{"class":604},[50,79449,736],{"class":608},[50,79451,611],{"class":604},[50,79453,72],{"class":64},[50,79455,605],{"class":604},[50,79457,745],{"class":608},[50,79459,611],{"class":604},[50,79461,72],{"class":64},[50,79463,605],{"class":604},[50,79465,754],{"class":608},[50,79467,611],{"class":604},[50,79469,72],{"class":64},[50,79471,605],{"class":604},[50,79473,20],{"class":608},[50,79475,611],{"class":604},[50,79477,72],{"class":64},[50,79479,605],{"class":604},[50,79481,771],{"class":608},[50,79483,611],{"class":604},[50,79485,72],{"class":64},[50,79487,605],{"class":604},[50,79489,780],{"class":608},[50,79491,611],{"class":604},[50,79493,83],{"class":64},[222,79495,79497,79498,79500],{"id":79496},"not-using-key-when-custom-sorting-is-needed","Not using ",[15,79499,237],{}," when custom sorting is needed",[20,79502,79503,79504,425],{},"If the default order is not correct for your problem, you may need ",[15,79505,237],{},[20,79507,79508,79509,79511],{},"For example, if you want to sort words by length, plain ",[15,79510,1770],{}," will not do that:",[41,79513,79515],{"className":43,"code":79514,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79516,79517,79549,79567,79571],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,79518,79519,79521,79523,79525,79527,79529,79531,79533,79535,79537,79539,79541,79543,79545,79547],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,79520,1040],{"class":56},[50,79522,61],{"class":60},[50,79524,65],{"class":64},[50,79526,811],{"class":604},[50,79528,1058],{"class":608},[50,79530,811],{"class":604},[50,79532,72],{"class":64},[50,79534,700],{"class":604},[50,79536,1221],{"class":608},[50,79538,811],{"class":604},[50,79540,72],{"class":64},[50,79542,700],{"class":604},[50,79544,1049],{"class":608},[50,79546,811],{"class":604},[50,79548,83],{"class":64},[50,79550,79551,79553,79555,79557,79559,79561,79563,79565],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,79552,1088],{"class":56},[50,79554,425],{"class":64},[50,79556,34869],{"class":101},[50,79558,98],{"class":64},[50,79560,237],{"class":201},[50,79562,61],{"class":60},[50,79564,1267],{"class":94},[50,79566,105],{"class":64},[50,79568,79569],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,79570,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,79572,79573,79575,79577,79579],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,79574,118],{"class":94},[50,79576,98],{"class":64},[50,79578,1088],{"class":101},[50,79580,105],{"class":64},[222,79582,79584],{"id":79583},"unexpected-string-order-because-of-uppercase-letters","Unexpected string order because of uppercase letters",[20,79586,79587],{},"This often surprises beginners:",[41,79589,79591],{"className":43,"code":79590,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79592,79593,79627,79637,79641],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,79594,79595,79597,79599,79601,79603,79606,79608,79610,79612,79614,79616,79618,79620,79623,79625],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,79596,1040],{"class":56},[50,79598,61],{"class":60},[50,79600,65],{"class":64},[50,79602,811],{"class":604},[50,79604,79605],{"class":608},"zebra",[50,79607,811],{"class":604},[50,79609,72],{"class":64},[50,79611,700],{"class":604},[50,79613,57835],{"class":608},[50,79615,811],{"class":604},[50,79617,72],{"class":64},[50,79619,700],{"class":604},[50,79621,79622],{"class":608},"monkey",[50,79624,811],{"class":604},[50,79626,83],{"class":64},[50,79628,79629,79631,79633,79635],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,79630,1088],{"class":56},[50,79632,425],{"class":64},[50,79634,34869],{"class":101},[50,79636,8722],{"class":64},[50,79638,79639],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,79640,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,79642,79643,79645,79647,79649],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,79644,118],{"class":94},[50,79646,98],{"class":64},[50,79648,1088],{"class":101},[50,79650,105],{"class":64},[20,79652,353],{},[41,79654,79656],{"className":43,"code":79655,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['Apple', 'monkey', 'zebra']\n",[15,79657,79658],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,79659,79660,79662,79664,79666,79668,79670,79672,79674,79676,79678,79680,79682,79684],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,79661,363],{"class":64},[50,79663,611],{"class":604},[50,79665,57835],{"class":608},[50,79667,611],{"class":604},[50,79669,72],{"class":64},[50,79671,605],{"class":604},[50,79673,79622],{"class":608},[50,79675,611],{"class":604},[50,79677,72],{"class":64},[50,79679,605],{"class":604},[50,79681,79605],{"class":608},[50,79683,611],{"class":604},[50,79685,83],{"class":64},[20,79687,920,79688,79690],{},[15,79689,78634],{}," if you want case-insensitive sorting.",[222,79692,60775],{"id":60774},[20,79694,79695],{},"If sorting is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[41,79697,79699],{"className":43,"code":79698,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.sort())\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nprint([type(item) for item in my_list])\n",[15,79700,79701,79711,79725,79739,79753],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,79702,79703,79705,79707,79709],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,79704,118],{"class":94},[50,79706,98],{"class":64},[50,79708,8418],{"class":101},[50,79710,105],{"class":64},[50,79712,79713,79715,79717,79719,79721,79723],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,79714,118],{"class":94},[50,79716,98],{"class":64},[50,79718,558],{"class":557},[50,79720,98],{"class":64},[50,79722,8418],{"class":101},[50,79724,478],{"class":64},[50,79726,79727,79729,79731,79733,79735,79737],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,79728,118],{"class":94},[50,79730,98],{"class":64},[50,79732,8418],{"class":101},[50,79734,425],{"class":64},[50,79736,34869],{"class":101},[50,79738,7273],{"class":64},[50,79740,79741,79743,79745,79747,79749,79751],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,79742,118],{"class":94},[50,79744,98],{"class":64},[50,79746,191],{"class":94},[50,79748,98],{"class":64},[50,79750,8418],{"class":101},[50,79752,478],{"class":64},[50,79754,79755,79757,79759,79761,79763,79765,79767,79769,79771,79773,79775],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,79756,118],{"class":94},[50,79758,1792],{"class":64},[50,79760,558],{"class":557},[50,79762,98],{"class":64},[50,79764,23379],{"class":101},[50,79766,126],{"class":64},[50,79768,3958],{"class":3957},[50,79770,6038],{"class":101},[50,79772,3964],{"class":3957},[50,79774,8475],{"class":101},[50,79776,3970],{"class":64},[20,79778,11245],{},[158,79780,79781,79784,79787,79794,79800],{},[161,79782,79783],{},"What values are in the list",[161,79785,79786],{},"Whether the object is really a list",[161,79788,79789,79790,2494,79792],{},"That ",[15,79791,1770],{},[15,79793,208],{},[161,79795,79796,79797,79799],{},"Whether ",[15,79798,17],{}," works better for your case",[161,79801,79802],{},"Whether the list contains mixed data types",[20,79804,79805,79806,79808],{},"If your problem is caused by incompatible values, see a guide for fixing sorting-related ",[15,79807,1542],{}," problems.",[36,79810,1913],{"id":1912},[222,79812,1917,79814,55537],{"id":79813},"does-listsort-return-a-new-list",[15,79815,30],{},[20,79817,62667,79818,425],{},[15,79819,208],{},[222,79821,5258,79823,4472,79825,1943],{"id":79822},"what-is-the-difference-between-sort-and-sorted",[15,79824,1770],{},[15,79826,17],{},[20,79828,79829,79831,79832,79834],{},[15,79830,1770],{}," changes the list itself. ",[15,79833,17],{}," creates and returns a new sorted list.",[222,79836,79838],{"id":79837},"how-do-i-sort-in-reverse-order","How do I sort in reverse order?",[20,79840,18764],{},[41,79842,79844],{"className":43,"code":79843,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_list.sort(reverse=True)\n",[15,79845,79846],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,79847,79848,79850,79852,79854,79856,79858,79860,79862],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,79849,8418],{"class":56},[50,79851,425],{"class":64},[50,79853,34869],{"class":101},[50,79855,98],{"class":64},[50,79857,243],{"class":201},[50,79859,61],{"class":60},[50,79861,247],{"class":207},[50,79863,105],{"class":64},[222,79865,79867],{"id":79866},"how-do-i-sort-strings-without-case-problems","How do I sort strings without case problems?",[20,79869,18764],{},[41,79871,79873],{"className":43,"code":79872,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_list.sort(key=str.lower)\n",[15,79874,79875],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,79876,79877,79879,79881,79883,79885,79887,79889,79891,79893,79895],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,79878,8418],{"class":56},[50,79880,425],{"class":64},[50,79882,34869],{"class":101},[50,79884,98],{"class":64},[50,79886,237],{"class":201},[50,79888,61],{"class":60},[50,79890,1395],{"class":557},[50,79892,425],{"class":64},[50,79894,1401],{"class":1400},[50,79896,105],{"class":64},[20,79898,79899],{},"This sorts in a case-insensitive way.",[222,79901,79903,79904,79906],{"id":79902},"why-do-i-get-a-typeerror-when-sorting","Why do I get a ",[15,79905,1542],{}," when sorting?",[20,79908,79909],{},"Your list may contain values that Python cannot compare directly, such as strings and integers together.",[36,79911,1975],{"id":1974},[158,79913,79914,79918,79924,79928],{},[161,79915,79916],{},[421,79917,1982],{"href":423},[161,79919,79920],{},[421,79921,13,79922,1523],{"href":74577},[15,79923,17],{},[161,79925,79926],{},[421,79927,67138],{"href":1908},[161,79929,79930],{},[421,79931,79173],{"href":1518},[2018,79933,79934],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":79936},[79937,79938,79940,79941,79942,79943,79945,79947,79958,79968],{"id":2104,"depth":86,"text":2105},{"id":77986,"depth":86,"text":79939},"What list.sort() does",{"id":180,"depth":86,"text":181},{"id":78239,"depth":86,"text":78240},{"id":78429,"depth":86,"text":78430},{"id":78751,"depth":86,"text":79944},"Using the key argument",{"id":79015,"depth":86,"text":79946},"list.sort() vs sorted()",{"id":1742,"depth":86,"text":1743,"children":79948},[79949,79951,79952,79954,79956,79957],{"id":79183,"depth":108,"text":79950},"Assigning the result of sort()",{"id":79292,"depth":108,"text":79293},{"id":79344,"depth":108,"text":79953},"Forgetting that sort() only works on lists",{"id":79496,"depth":108,"text":79955},"Not using key when custom sorting is needed",{"id":79583,"depth":108,"text":79584},{"id":60774,"depth":108,"text":60775},{"id":1912,"depth":86,"text":1913,"children":79959},[79960,79962,79964,79965,79966],{"id":79813,"depth":108,"text":79961},"Does list.sort() return a new list?",{"id":79822,"depth":108,"text":79963},"What is the difference between sort() and sorted()?",{"id":79837,"depth":108,"text":79838},{"id":79866,"depth":108,"text":79867},{"id":79902,"depth":108,"text":79967},"Why do I get a TypeError when sorting?",{"id":1974,"depth":86,"text":1975},"Master python list sort method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method",{"title":77909,"description":79969},"reference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method","nuiIwWy1KS8_euTEqMoYpg2B6j3JT08NKrBSVKMUQzs",{"id":79976,"title":79977,"body":79978,"description":82609,"extension":2064,"meta":82610,"navigation":111,"path":82611,"seo":82612,"stem":82613,"__hash__":82614},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained.md","Python map() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":79979,"toc":82568},[79980,79985,79990,79993,80004,80007,80027,80029,80091,80093,80134,80143,80148,80153,80159,80170,80172,80191,80194,80199,80204,80206,80211,80225,80227,80245,80248,80265,80268,80274,80297,80302,80304,80307,80368,80370,80403,80405,80444,80452,80462,80468,80473,80566,80568,80592,80594,80612,80615,80646,80652,80657,80660,80662,80787,80789,80813,80815,80834,80840,80846,80965,80967,80984,80991,80997,81002,81009,81015,81017,81074,81077,81098,81101,81104,81165,81167,81200,81204,81274,81276,81293,81297,81300,81375,81377,81414,81417,81420,81491,81493,81554,81559,81564,81567,81581,81583,81656,81658,81678,81681,81684,81741,81803,81806,81838,81841,81856,81861,81863,81869,81872,81928,81931,81933,81952,81956,81958,82002,82011,82013,82073,82077,82080,82082,82175,82177,82292,82296,82298,82372,82375,82378,82380,82385,82450,82452,82476,82486,82488,82494,82503,82512,82521,82527,82530,82534,82537,82539,82565],[10,79981,13,79983,18],{"id":79982},"python-map-function-explained",[15,79984,39785],{},[20,79986,3670,79987,79989],{},[15,79988,39785],{}," function applies the same function to each item in an iterable.",[20,79991,79992],{},"This is useful when you want to transform data, such as:",[158,79994,79995,79998,80001],{},[161,79996,79997],{},"converting numbers to strings",[161,79999,80000],{},"changing strings to integers",[161,80002,80003],{},"doubling every value in a list",[20,80005,80006],{},"The main thing beginners need to know is this:",[158,80008,80009,80016,80022],{},[161,80010,80011,14126,80013,80015],{},[15,80012,39785],{},[3824,80014,4709],{}," return a list in Python 3",[161,80017,80018,80019],{},"it returns a ",[3824,80020,80021],{},"map object",[161,80023,80024,80025],{},"you often convert that result with ",[15,80026,24849],{},[36,80028,2105],{"id":2104},[41,80030,80032],{"className":43,"code":80031,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80033,80034,80058,80077],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,80035,80036,80038,80040,80042,80044,80046,80048,80050,80052,80054,80056],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,80037,57],{"class":56},[50,80039,61],{"class":60},[50,80041,65],{"class":64},[50,80043,366],{"class":68},[50,80045,72],{"class":64},[50,80047,80],{"class":68},[50,80049,72],{"class":64},[50,80051,500],{"class":68},[50,80053,72],{"class":64},[50,80055,2554],{"class":68},[50,80057,83],{"class":64},[50,80059,80060,80062,80064,80067,80069,80071,80073,80075],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,80061,89],{"class":56},[50,80063,61],{"class":60},[50,80065,80066],{"class":94}," map",[50,80068,98],{"class":64},[50,80070,1395],{"class":557},[50,80072,72],{"class":64},[50,80074,4341],{"class":101},[50,80076,105],{"class":64},[50,80078,80079,80081,80083,80085,80087,80089],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,80080,118],{"class":94},[50,80082,98],{"class":64},[50,80084,437],{"class":557},[50,80086,98],{"class":64},[50,80088,123],{"class":101},[50,80090,478],{"class":64},[20,80092,353],{},[41,80094,80096],{"className":43,"code":80095,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['1', '2', '3', '4']\n",[15,80097,80098],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,80099,80100,80102,80104,80106,80108,80110,80112,80114,80116,80118,80120,80122,80124,80126,80128,80130,80132],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,80101,363],{"class":64},[50,80103,611],{"class":604},[50,80105,366],{"class":608},[50,80107,611],{"class":604},[50,80109,72],{"class":64},[50,80111,605],{"class":604},[50,80113,1564],{"class":608},[50,80115,611],{"class":604},[50,80117,72],{"class":64},[50,80119,605],{"class":604},[50,80121,69],{"class":608},[50,80123,611],{"class":604},[50,80125,72],{"class":64},[50,80127,605],{"class":604},[50,80129,2602],{"class":608},[50,80131,611],{"class":604},[50,80133,83],{"class":64},[20,80135,920,80136,80139,80140,80142],{},[15,80137,80138],{},"map(function, iterable)"," to apply the same function to each item. Convert the result to ",[15,80141,24849],{}," if you want to see all mapped values at once.",[36,80144,153,80146,156],{"id":80145},"what-map-does",[15,80147,39785],{},[20,80149,80150,80152],{},[15,80151,39785],{}," applies a function to each item in an iterable.",[20,80154,80155,80156,80158],{},"An ",[3824,80157,196],{}," is something you can loop over, such as:",[158,80160,80161,80163,80165,80167],{},[161,80162,37971],{},[161,80164,37974],{},[161,80166,37977],{},[161,80168,80169],{},"a range object",[20,80171,30794],{},[41,80173,80175],{"className":43,"code":80174,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"map(function, iterable)\n",[15,80176,80177],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,80178,80179,80181,80183,80185,80187,80189],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,80180,39928],{"class":94},[50,80182,98],{"class":64},[50,80184,37930],{"class":101},[50,80186,72],{"class":64},[50,80188,37935],{"class":101},[50,80190,105],{"class":64},[20,80192,80193],{},"For each item in the iterable, Python calls the function and produces a new value.",[20,80195,80196,80197,33812],{},"Important: the result is a ",[3824,80198,80021],{},[20,80200,80201,80202,425],{},"If you want to understand iterables better, see ",[421,80203,5216],{"href":5215},[36,80205,181],{"id":180},[20,80207,80208,80210],{},[15,80209,39785],{}," needs at least two parts:",[158,80212,80213,80219],{},[161,80214,80215,80218],{},[3824,80216,80217],{},"Function",": the function to run on each item",[161,80220,80221,80224],{},[3824,80222,80223],{},"Iterable",": the values to process",[20,80226,3787],{},[41,80228,80229],{"className":43,"code":80174,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,80230,80231],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,80232,80233,80235,80237,80239,80241,80243],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,80234,39928],{"class":94},[50,80236,98],{"class":64},[50,80238,37930],{"class":101},[50,80240,72],{"class":64},[50,80242,37935],{"class":101},[50,80244,105],{"class":64},[20,80246,80247],{},"You can pass:",[158,80249,80250,80259,80262],{},[161,80251,80252,80253,31,80255,2292,80257],{},"built-in functions like ",[15,80254,1395],{},[15,80256,2288],{},[15,80258,2119],{},[161,80260,80261],{},"your own custom function",[161,80263,80264],{},"a lambda function for short one-line logic",[20,80266,80267],{},"If you are new to lambda functions, see lambda functions in Python explained.",[20,80269,80270,80271,80273],{},"You will often see ",[15,80272,39785],{}," used like this:",[41,80275,80277],{"className":43,"code":80276,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"list(map(function, values))\n",[15,80278,80279],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,80280,80281,80283,80285,80287,80289,80291,80293,80295],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,80282,437],{"class":557},[50,80284,98],{"class":64},[50,80286,39928],{"class":94},[50,80288,98],{"class":64},[50,80290,37930],{"class":101},[50,80292,72],{"class":64},[50,80294,3967],{"class":101},[50,80296,478],{"class":64},[20,80298,6755,80299,80301],{},[15,80300,24849],{}," turns the map object into a normal list you can print or reuse.",[36,80303,271],{"id":270},[20,80305,80306],{},"Here is a simple example that converts numbers to strings:",[41,80308,80310],{"className":43,"code":80309,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80311,80312,80332,80350,80354],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,80313,80314,80316,80318,80320,80322,80324,80326,80328,80330],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,80315,57],{"class":56},[50,80317,61],{"class":60},[50,80319,65],{"class":64},[50,80321,1618],{"class":68},[50,80323,72],{"class":64},[50,80325,840],{"class":68},[50,80327,72],{"class":64},[50,80329,1627],{"class":68},[50,80331,83],{"class":64},[50,80333,80334,80336,80338,80340,80342,80344,80346,80348],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,80335,89],{"class":56},[50,80337,61],{"class":60},[50,80339,80066],{"class":94},[50,80341,98],{"class":64},[50,80343,1395],{"class":557},[50,80345,72],{"class":64},[50,80347,4341],{"class":101},[50,80349,105],{"class":64},[50,80351,80352],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,80353,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,80355,80356,80358,80360,80362,80364,80366],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,80357,118],{"class":94},[50,80359,98],{"class":64},[50,80361,437],{"class":557},[50,80363,98],{"class":64},[50,80365,123],{"class":101},[50,80367,478],{"class":64},[20,80369,353],{},[41,80371,80373],{"className":43,"code":80372,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['10', '20', '30']\n",[15,80374,80375],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,80376,80377,80379,80381,80383,80385,80387,80389,80391,80393,80395,80397,80399,80401],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,80378,363],{"class":64},[50,80380,611],{"class":604},[50,80382,1618],{"class":608},[50,80384,611],{"class":604},[50,80386,72],{"class":64},[50,80388,605],{"class":604},[50,80390,15826],{"class":608},[50,80392,611],{"class":604},[50,80394,72],{"class":64},[50,80396,605],{"class":604},[50,80398,36910],{"class":608},[50,80400,611],{"class":604},[50,80402,83],{"class":64},[20,80404,11758],{},[158,80406,80407,80412,80420,80428,80436],{},[161,80408,80409,80411],{},[15,80410,102],{}," contains integers",[161,80413,80414,80417,80418],{},[15,80415,80416],{},"map(str, numbers)"," passes each number to ",[15,80419,47754],{},[161,80421,80422,42225,80425],{},[15,80423,80424],{},"str(10)",[15,80426,80427],{},"'10'",[161,80429,80430,42225,80433],{},[15,80431,80432],{},"str(20)",[15,80434,80435],{},"'20'",[161,80437,80438,42225,80441],{},[15,80439,80440],{},"str(30)",[15,80442,80443],{},"'30'",[20,80445,53722,80446,80448,80449,80451],{},[15,80447,39785],{}," applies ",[15,80450,47754],{}," one item at a time.",[20,80453,80454,80455,80457,80458,425],{},"If you want to understand ",[15,80456,24849],{}," better, see ",[421,80459,13,80460,1461],{"href":64908},[15,80461,24849],{},[36,80463,914,80465,80467],{"id":80464},"using-map-with-your-own-function",[15,80466,39785],{}," with your own function",[20,80469,15786,80470,80472],{},[15,80471,39785],{}," with a function you define yourself.",[41,80474,80476],{"className":43,"code":80475,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"def double(x):\n    return x * 2\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(double, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80477,80478,80491,80501,80505,80529,80548,80552],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,80479,80480,80482,80485,80487,80489],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,80481,34921],{"class":600},[50,80483,80484],{"class":34924}," double",[50,80486,98],{"class":64},[50,80488,2273],{"class":37732},[50,80490,8421],{"class":64},[50,80492,80493,80495,80497,80499],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,80494,34932],{"class":3957},[50,80496,3961],{"class":56},[50,80498,39941],{"class":60},[50,80500,45659],{"class":68},[50,80502,80503],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,80504,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,80506,80507,80509,80511,80513,80515,80517,80519,80521,80523,80525,80527],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,80508,57],{"class":56},[50,80510,61],{"class":60},[50,80512,65],{"class":64},[50,80514,366],{"class":68},[50,80516,72],{"class":64},[50,80518,80],{"class":68},[50,80520,72],{"class":64},[50,80522,500],{"class":68},[50,80524,72],{"class":64},[50,80526,2554],{"class":68},[50,80528,83],{"class":64},[50,80530,80531,80533,80535,80537,80539,80542,80544,80546],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,80532,89],{"class":56},[50,80534,61],{"class":60},[50,80536,80066],{"class":94},[50,80538,98],{"class":64},[50,80540,80541],{"class":101},"double",[50,80543,72],{"class":64},[50,80545,4341],{"class":101},[50,80547,105],{"class":64},[50,80549,80550],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,80551,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,80553,80554,80556,80558,80560,80562,80564],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,80555,118],{"class":94},[50,80557,98],{"class":64},[50,80559,437],{"class":557},[50,80561,98],{"class":64},[50,80563,123],{"class":101},[50,80565,478],{"class":64},[20,80567,353],{},[41,80569,80570],{"className":43,"code":39954,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,80571,80572],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,80573,80574,80576,80578,80580,80582,80584,80586,80588,80590],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,80575,363],{"class":64},[50,80577,1564],{"class":68},[50,80579,72],{"class":64},[50,80581,2554],{"class":68},[50,80583,72],{"class":64},[50,80585,37713],{"class":68},[50,80587,72],{"class":64},[50,80589,299],{"class":68},[50,80591,83],{"class":64},[20,80593,65645],{},[158,80595,80596,80603,80609],{},[161,80597,80598,80600,80601],{},[15,80599,39785],{}," takes the function ",[15,80602,80541],{},[161,80604,80605,80606,80608],{},"it sends each item from ",[15,80607,102],{}," into that function",[161,80610,80611],{},"the returned values become the mapped result",[20,80613,80614],{},"In other words, Python does this behind the scenes:",[158,80616,80617,80624,80631,80639],{},[161,80618,80619,6150,80622],{},[15,80620,80621],{},"double(1)",[15,80623,1564],{},[161,80625,80626,6150,80629],{},[15,80627,80628],{},"double(2)",[15,80630,2602],{},[161,80632,80633,6150,80636],{},[15,80634,80635],{},"double(3)",[15,80637,80638],{},"6",[161,80640,80641,6150,80644],{},[15,80642,80643],{},"double(4)",[15,80645,2442],{},[36,80647,914,80649,80651],{"id":80648},"using-map-with-multiple-iterables",[15,80650,39785],{}," with multiple iterables",[20,80653,80654,80656],{},[15,80655,39785],{}," can also work with more than one iterable.",[20,80658,80659],{},"When you do that, the function must accept the same number of arguments.",[20,80661,1602],{},[41,80663,80665],{"className":43,"code":80664,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80666,80667,80684,80694,80698,80719,80740,80744,80769,80773],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,80668,80669,80671,80674,80676,80678,80680,80682],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,80670,34921],{"class":600},[50,80672,80673],{"class":34924}," add_numbers",[50,80675,98],{"class":64},[50,80677,421],{"class":37732},[50,80679,72],{"class":64},[50,80681,2657],{"class":37732},[50,80683,8421],{"class":64},[50,80685,80686,80688,80690,80692],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,80687,34932],{"class":3957},[50,80689,44614],{"class":56},[50,80691,2161],{"class":60},[50,80693,36252],{"class":56},[50,80695,80696],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,80697,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,80699,80700,80703,80705,80707,80709,80711,80713,80715,80717],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,80701,80702],{"class":56},"list1 ",[50,80704,61],{"class":60},[50,80706,65],{"class":64},[50,80708,366],{"class":68},[50,80710,72],{"class":64},[50,80712,80],{"class":68},[50,80714,72],{"class":64},[50,80716,500],{"class":68},[50,80718,83],{"class":64},[50,80720,80721,80724,80726,80728,80730,80732,80734,80736,80738],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,80722,80723],{"class":56},"list2 ",[50,80725,61],{"class":60},[50,80727,65],{"class":64},[50,80729,1618],{"class":68},[50,80731,72],{"class":64},[50,80733,840],{"class":68},[50,80735,72],{"class":64},[50,80737,1627],{"class":68},[50,80739,83],{"class":64},[50,80741,80742],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,80743,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,80745,80746,80748,80750,80752,80754,80757,80759,80762,80764,80767],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,80747,89],{"class":56},[50,80749,61],{"class":60},[50,80751,80066],{"class":94},[50,80753,98],{"class":64},[50,80755,80756],{"class":101},"add_numbers",[50,80758,72],{"class":64},[50,80760,80761],{"class":101}," list1",[50,80763,72],{"class":64},[50,80765,80766],{"class":101}," list2",[50,80768,105],{"class":64},[50,80770,80771],{"class":52,"line":6503},[50,80772,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,80774,80775,80777,80779,80781,80783,80785],{"class":52,"line":6509},[50,80776,118],{"class":94},[50,80778,98],{"class":64},[50,80780,437],{"class":557},[50,80782,98],{"class":64},[50,80784,123],{"class":101},[50,80786,478],{"class":64},[20,80788,353],{},[41,80790,80792],{"className":43,"code":80791,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[11, 22, 33]\n",[15,80793,80794],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,80795,80796,80798,80801,80803,80806,80808,80811],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,80797,363],{"class":64},[50,80799,80800],{"class":68},"11",[50,80802,72],{"class":64},[50,80804,80805],{"class":68}," 22",[50,80807,72],{"class":64},[50,80809,80810],{"class":68}," 33",[50,80812,83],{"class":64},[20,80814,2278],{},[158,80816,80817,80823,80829],{},[161,80818,80819,80820],{},"the first values are used together: ",[15,80821,80822],{},"add_numbers(1, 10)",[161,80824,80825,80826],{},"then ",[15,80827,80828],{},"add_numbers(2, 20)",[161,80830,80825,80831],{},[15,80832,80833],{},"add_numbers(3, 30)",[222,80835,80837,80839],{"id":80836},"map-stops-at-the-shortest-iterable",[15,80838,39785],{}," stops at the shortest iterable",[20,80841,80842,80843,80845],{},"If the iterables have different lengths, ",[15,80844,39785],{}," stops when the shortest one ends.",[41,80847,80849],{"className":43,"code":80848,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nlist2 = [10, 20]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80850,80851,80867,80877,80881,80905,80921,80925,80947,80951],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,80852,80853,80855,80857,80859,80861,80863,80865],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,80854,34921],{"class":600},[50,80856,80673],{"class":34924},[50,80858,98],{"class":64},[50,80860,421],{"class":37732},[50,80862,72],{"class":64},[50,80864,2657],{"class":37732},[50,80866,8421],{"class":64},[50,80868,80869,80871,80873,80875],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,80870,34932],{"class":3957},[50,80872,44614],{"class":56},[50,80874,2161],{"class":60},[50,80876,36252],{"class":56},[50,80878,80879],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,80880,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,80882,80883,80885,80887,80889,80891,80893,80895,80897,80899,80901,80903],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,80884,80702],{"class":56},[50,80886,61],{"class":60},[50,80888,65],{"class":64},[50,80890,366],{"class":68},[50,80892,72],{"class":64},[50,80894,80],{"class":68},[50,80896,72],{"class":64},[50,80898,500],{"class":68},[50,80900,72],{"class":64},[50,80902,2554],{"class":68},[50,80904,83],{"class":64},[50,80906,80907,80909,80911,80913,80915,80917,80919],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,80908,80723],{"class":56},[50,80910,61],{"class":60},[50,80912,65],{"class":64},[50,80914,1618],{"class":68},[50,80916,72],{"class":64},[50,80918,840],{"class":68},[50,80920,83],{"class":64},[50,80922,80923],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,80924,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,80926,80927,80929,80931,80933,80935,80937,80939,80941,80943,80945],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,80928,89],{"class":56},[50,80930,61],{"class":60},[50,80932,80066],{"class":94},[50,80934,98],{"class":64},[50,80936,80756],{"class":101},[50,80938,72],{"class":64},[50,80940,80761],{"class":101},[50,80942,72],{"class":64},[50,80944,80766],{"class":101},[50,80946,105],{"class":64},[50,80948,80949],{"class":52,"line":6503},[50,80950,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,80952,80953,80955,80957,80959,80961,80963],{"class":52,"line":6509},[50,80954,118],{"class":94},[50,80956,98],{"class":64},[50,80958,437],{"class":557},[50,80960,98],{"class":64},[50,80962,123],{"class":101},[50,80964,478],{"class":64},[20,80966,353],{},[41,80968,80970],{"className":43,"code":80969,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[11, 22]\n",[15,80971,80972],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,80973,80974,80976,80978,80980,80982],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,80975,363],{"class":64},[50,80977,80800],{"class":68},[50,80979,72],{"class":64},[50,80981,80805],{"class":68},[50,80983,83],{"class":64},[20,80985,80986,80987,80990],{},"Only two results are produced because ",[15,80988,80989],{},"list2"," has only two items.",[36,80992,80994,80996],{"id":80993},"map-returns-an-iterator-like-object",[15,80995,39785],{}," returns an iterator-like object",[20,80998,38093,80999,81001],{},[15,81000,39785],{}," returns a map object.",[20,81003,81004,81005,81008],{},"This object is ",[3824,81006,81007],{},"lazy",", which means values are produced only when needed.",[222,81010,2586,81012,81014],{"id":81011},"why-printresult-looks-strange",[15,81013,33097],{}," looks strange",[20,81016,33713],{},[41,81018,81020],{"className":43,"code":81019,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,81021,81022,81042,81060,81064],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,81023,81024,81026,81028,81030,81032,81034,81036,81038,81040],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,81025,57],{"class":56},[50,81027,61],{"class":60},[50,81029,65],{"class":64},[50,81031,366],{"class":68},[50,81033,72],{"class":64},[50,81035,80],{"class":68},[50,81037,72],{"class":64},[50,81039,500],{"class":68},[50,81041,83],{"class":64},[50,81043,81044,81046,81048,81050,81052,81054,81056,81058],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,81045,89],{"class":56},[50,81047,61],{"class":60},[50,81049,80066],{"class":94},[50,81051,98],{"class":64},[50,81053,1395],{"class":557},[50,81055,72],{"class":64},[50,81057,4341],{"class":101},[50,81059,105],{"class":64},[50,81061,81062],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,81063,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,81065,81066,81068,81070,81072],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,81067,118],{"class":94},[50,81069,98],{"class":64},[50,81071,123],{"class":101},[50,81073,105],{"class":64},[20,81075,81076],{},"Output will look something like this:",[41,81078,81080],{"className":43,"code":81079,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"\u003Cmap object at 0x...>\n",[15,81081,81082],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,81083,81084,81086,81088,81090,81092,81094,81096],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,81085,597],{"class":60},[50,81087,39928],{"class":94},[50,81089,24686],{"class":557},[50,81091,37433],{"class":56},[50,81093,37437],{"class":37436},[50,81095,37440],{"class":34524},[50,81097,614],{"class":60},[20,81099,81100],{},"That happens because you are printing the map object itself, not the values inside it.",[20,81102,81103],{},"To see the mapped values, convert it to a list or loop over it:",[41,81105,81107],{"className":43,"code":81106,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81108,81109,81129,81147,81151],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,81110,81111,81113,81115,81117,81119,81121,81123,81125,81127],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,81112,57],{"class":56},[50,81114,61],{"class":60},[50,81116,65],{"class":64},[50,81118,366],{"class":68},[50,81120,72],{"class":64},[50,81122,80],{"class":68},[50,81124,72],{"class":64},[50,81126,500],{"class":68},[50,81128,83],{"class":64},[50,81130,81131,81133,81135,81137,81139,81141,81143,81145],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,81132,89],{"class":56},[50,81134,61],{"class":60},[50,81136,80066],{"class":94},[50,81138,98],{"class":64},[50,81140,1395],{"class":557},[50,81142,72],{"class":64},[50,81144,4341],{"class":101},[50,81146,105],{"class":64},[50,81148,81149],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,81150,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,81152,81153,81155,81157,81159,81161,81163],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,81154,118],{"class":94},[50,81156,98],{"class":64},[50,81158,437],{"class":557},[50,81160,98],{"class":64},[50,81162,123],{"class":101},[50,81164,478],{"class":64},[20,81166,353],{},[41,81168,81170],{"className":43,"code":81169,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,81171,81172],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,81173,81174,81176,81178,81180,81182,81184,81186,81188,81190,81192,81194,81196,81198],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,81175,363],{"class":64},[50,81177,611],{"class":604},[50,81179,366],{"class":608},[50,81181,611],{"class":604},[50,81183,72],{"class":64},[50,81185,605],{"class":604},[50,81187,1564],{"class":608},[50,81189,611],{"class":604},[50,81191,72],{"class":64},[50,81193,605],{"class":604},[50,81195,69],{"class":608},[50,81197,611],{"class":604},[50,81199,83],{"class":64},[222,81201,81203],{"id":81202},"you-can-loop-over-a-map-object-directly","You can loop over a map object directly",[41,81205,81207],{"className":43,"code":81206,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,81208,81209,81229,81247,81251,81264],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,81210,81211,81213,81215,81217,81219,81221,81223,81225,81227],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,81212,57],{"class":56},[50,81214,61],{"class":60},[50,81216,65],{"class":64},[50,81218,366],{"class":68},[50,81220,72],{"class":64},[50,81222,80],{"class":68},[50,81224,72],{"class":64},[50,81226,500],{"class":68},[50,81228,83],{"class":64},[50,81230,81231,81233,81235,81237,81239,81241,81243,81245],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,81232,89],{"class":56},[50,81234,61],{"class":60},[50,81236,80066],{"class":94},[50,81238,98],{"class":64},[50,81240,1395],{"class":557},[50,81242,72],{"class":64},[50,81244,4341],{"class":101},[50,81246,105],{"class":64},[50,81248,81249],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,81250,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,81252,81253,81255,81257,81259,81262],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,81254,6035],{"class":3957},[50,81256,6038],{"class":56},[50,81258,3964],{"class":3957},[50,81260,81261],{"class":56}," result",[50,81263,6470],{"class":64},[50,81265,81266,81268,81270,81272],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,81267,8148],{"class":94},[50,81269,98],{"class":64},[50,81271,23379],{"class":101},[50,81273,105],{"class":64},[20,81275,353],{},[41,81277,81279],{"className":43,"code":81278,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"1\n2\n3\n",[15,81280,81281,81285,81289],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,81282,81283],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,81284,46987],{"class":68},[50,81286,81287],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,81288,17128],{"class":68},[50,81290,81291],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,81292,46687],{"class":68},[222,81294,81296],{"id":81295},"a-map-object-is-exhausted-after-use","A map object is exhausted after use",[20,81298,81299],{},"Once you consume a map object, it is empty the next time.",[41,81301,81303],{"className":43,"code":81302,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81304,81305,81325,81343,81347,81361],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,81306,81307,81309,81311,81313,81315,81317,81319,81321,81323],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,81308,57],{"class":56},[50,81310,61],{"class":60},[50,81312,65],{"class":64},[50,81314,366],{"class":68},[50,81316,72],{"class":64},[50,81318,80],{"class":68},[50,81320,72],{"class":64},[50,81322,500],{"class":68},[50,81324,83],{"class":64},[50,81326,81327,81329,81331,81333,81335,81337,81339,81341],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,81328,89],{"class":56},[50,81330,61],{"class":60},[50,81332,80066],{"class":94},[50,81334,98],{"class":64},[50,81336,1395],{"class":557},[50,81338,72],{"class":64},[50,81340,4341],{"class":101},[50,81342,105],{"class":64},[50,81344,81345],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,81346,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,81348,81349,81351,81353,81355,81357,81359],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,81350,118],{"class":94},[50,81352,98],{"class":64},[50,81354,437],{"class":557},[50,81356,98],{"class":64},[50,81358,123],{"class":101},[50,81360,478],{"class":64},[50,81362,81363,81365,81367,81369,81371,81373],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,81364,118],{"class":94},[50,81366,98],{"class":64},[50,81368,437],{"class":557},[50,81370,98],{"class":64},[50,81372,123],{"class":101},[50,81374,478],{"class":64},[20,81376,353],{},[41,81378,81380],{"className":43,"code":81379,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['1', '2', '3']\n[]\n",[15,81381,81382,81410],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,81383,81384,81386,81388,81390,81392,81394,81396,81398,81400,81402,81404,81406,81408],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,81385,363],{"class":64},[50,81387,611],{"class":604},[50,81389,366],{"class":608},[50,81391,611],{"class":604},[50,81393,72],{"class":64},[50,81395,605],{"class":604},[50,81397,1564],{"class":608},[50,81399,611],{"class":604},[50,81401,72],{"class":64},[50,81403,605],{"class":604},[50,81405,69],{"class":608},[50,81407,611],{"class":604},[50,81409,83],{"class":64},[50,81411,81412],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,81413,38367],{"class":64},[20,81415,81416],{},"The second list is empty because the map object was already used.",[20,81418,81419],{},"If you need the values more than once, store them in a list:",[41,81421,81423],{"className":43,"code":81422,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,81424,81425,81445,81467,81471,81481],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,81426,81427,81429,81431,81433,81435,81437,81439,81441,81443],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,81428,57],{"class":56},[50,81430,61],{"class":60},[50,81432,65],{"class":64},[50,81434,366],{"class":68},[50,81436,72],{"class":64},[50,81438,80],{"class":68},[50,81440,72],{"class":64},[50,81442,500],{"class":68},[50,81444,83],{"class":64},[50,81446,81447,81449,81451,81453,81455,81457,81459,81461,81463,81465],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,81448,89],{"class":56},[50,81450,61],{"class":60},[50,81452,22629],{"class":557},[50,81454,98],{"class":64},[50,81456,39928],{"class":94},[50,81458,98],{"class":64},[50,81460,1395],{"class":557},[50,81462,72],{"class":64},[50,81464,4341],{"class":101},[50,81466,478],{"class":64},[50,81468,81469],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,81470,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,81472,81473,81475,81477,81479],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,81474,118],{"class":94},[50,81476,98],{"class":64},[50,81478,123],{"class":101},[50,81480,105],{"class":64},[50,81482,81483,81485,81487,81489],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,81484,118],{"class":94},[50,81486,98],{"class":64},[50,81488,123],{"class":101},[50,81490,105],{"class":64},[20,81492,353],{},[41,81494,81496],{"className":43,"code":81495,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['1', '2', '3']\n['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,81497,81498,81526],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,81499,81500,81502,81504,81506,81508,81510,81512,81514,81516,81518,81520,81522,81524],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,81501,363],{"class":64},[50,81503,611],{"class":604},[50,81505,366],{"class":608},[50,81507,611],{"class":604},[50,81509,72],{"class":64},[50,81511,605],{"class":604},[50,81513,1564],{"class":608},[50,81515,611],{"class":604},[50,81517,72],{"class":64},[50,81519,605],{"class":604},[50,81521,69],{"class":608},[50,81523,611],{"class":604},[50,81525,83],{"class":64},[50,81527,81528,81530,81532,81534,81536,81538,81540,81542,81544,81546,81548,81550,81552],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,81529,363],{"class":64},[50,81531,611],{"class":604},[50,81533,366],{"class":608},[50,81535,611],{"class":604},[50,81537,72],{"class":64},[50,81539,605],{"class":604},[50,81541,1564],{"class":608},[50,81543,611],{"class":604},[50,81545,72],{"class":64},[50,81547,605],{"class":604},[50,81549,69],{"class":608},[50,81551,611],{"class":604},[50,81553,83],{"class":64},[36,81555,5040,81557],{"id":81556},"when-to-use-map",[15,81558,39785],{},[20,81560,81561,81563],{},[15,81562,39785],{}," is a good choice when you want to apply one function to every item.",[20,81565,81566],{},"It works especially well with simple built-in functions such as:",[158,81568,81569,81573,81577],{},[161,81570,81571],{},[15,81572,1395],{},[161,81574,81575],{},[15,81576,2288],{},[161,81578,81579],{},[15,81580,2119],{},[20,81582,1602],{},[41,81584,81586],{"className":43,"code":81585,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"values = ['1', '2', '3']\nnumbers = list(map(int, values))\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,81587,81588,81620,81642,81646],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,81589,81590,81592,81594,81596,81598,81600,81602,81604,81606,81608,81610,81612,81614,81616,81618],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,81591,516],{"class":56},[50,81593,61],{"class":60},[50,81595,65],{"class":64},[50,81597,611],{"class":604},[50,81599,366],{"class":608},[50,81601,611],{"class":604},[50,81603,72],{"class":64},[50,81605,605],{"class":604},[50,81607,1564],{"class":608},[50,81609,611],{"class":604},[50,81611,72],{"class":64},[50,81613,605],{"class":604},[50,81615,69],{"class":608},[50,81617,611],{"class":604},[50,81619,83],{"class":64},[50,81621,81622,81624,81626,81628,81630,81632,81634,81636,81638,81640],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,81623,57],{"class":56},[50,81625,61],{"class":60},[50,81627,22629],{"class":557},[50,81629,98],{"class":64},[50,81631,39928],{"class":94},[50,81633,98],{"class":64},[50,81635,2288],{"class":557},[50,81637,72],{"class":64},[50,81639,3967],{"class":101},[50,81641,478],{"class":64},[50,81643,81644],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,81645,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,81647,81648,81650,81652,81654],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,81649,118],{"class":94},[50,81651,98],{"class":64},[50,81653,102],{"class":101},[50,81655,105],{"class":64},[20,81657,353],{},[41,81659,81660],{"className":43,"code":483,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,81661,81662],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,81663,81664,81666,81668,81670,81672,81674,81676],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,81665,363],{"class":64},[50,81667,366],{"class":68},[50,81669,72],{"class":64},[50,81671,80],{"class":68},[50,81673,72],{"class":64},[50,81675,500],{"class":68},[50,81677,83],{"class":64},[20,81679,81680],{},"For beginners, a list comprehension is often easier to read.",[20,81682,81683],{},"For example, these do similar work:",[41,81685,81687],{"className":43,"code":81686,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,81688,81689,81709,81731],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,81690,81691,81693,81695,81697,81699,81701,81703,81705,81707],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,81692,57],{"class":56},[50,81694,61],{"class":60},[50,81696,65],{"class":64},[50,81698,366],{"class":68},[50,81700,72],{"class":64},[50,81702,80],{"class":68},[50,81704,72],{"class":64},[50,81706,500],{"class":68},[50,81708,83],{"class":64},[50,81710,81711,81713,81715,81717,81719,81721,81723,81725,81727,81729],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,81712,89],{"class":56},[50,81714,61],{"class":60},[50,81716,22629],{"class":557},[50,81718,98],{"class":64},[50,81720,39928],{"class":94},[50,81722,98],{"class":64},[50,81724,1395],{"class":557},[50,81726,72],{"class":64},[50,81728,4341],{"class":101},[50,81730,478],{"class":64},[50,81732,81733,81735,81737,81739],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,81734,118],{"class":94},[50,81736,98],{"class":64},[50,81738,123],{"class":101},[50,81740,105],{"class":64},[41,81742,81744],{"className":43,"code":81743,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = [str(n) for n in numbers]\nprint(result)\n",[15,81745,81746,81766,81793],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,81747,81748,81750,81752,81754,81756,81758,81760,81762,81764],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,81749,57],{"class":56},[50,81751,61],{"class":60},[50,81753,65],{"class":64},[50,81755,366],{"class":68},[50,81757,72],{"class":64},[50,81759,80],{"class":68},[50,81761,72],{"class":64},[50,81763,500],{"class":68},[50,81765,83],{"class":64},[50,81767,81768,81770,81772,81774,81776,81778,81780,81782,81784,81787,81789,81791],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,81769,89],{"class":56},[50,81771,61],{"class":60},[50,81773,65],{"class":64},[50,81775,1395],{"class":557},[50,81777,98],{"class":64},[50,81779,745],{"class":101},[50,81781,126],{"class":64},[50,81783,3958],{"class":3957},[50,81785,81786],{"class":56}," n ",[50,81788,3964],{"class":3957},[50,81790,4341],{"class":56},[50,81792,83],{"class":64},[50,81794,81795,81797,81799,81801],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,81796,118],{"class":94},[50,81798,98],{"class":64},[50,81800,123],{"class":101},[50,81802,105],{"class":64},[20,81804,81805],{},"Both produce:",[41,81807,81808],{"className":43,"code":81169,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,81809,81810],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,81811,81812,81814,81816,81818,81820,81822,81824,81826,81828,81830,81832,81834,81836],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,81813,363],{"class":64},[50,81815,611],{"class":604},[50,81817,366],{"class":608},[50,81819,611],{"class":604},[50,81821,72],{"class":64},[50,81823,605],{"class":604},[50,81825,1564],{"class":608},[50,81827,611],{"class":604},[50,81829,72],{"class":64},[50,81831,605],{"class":604},[50,81833,69],{"class":608},[50,81835,611],{"class":604},[50,81837,83],{"class":64},[20,81839,81840],{},"A simple rule:",[158,81842,81843,81848,81853],{},[161,81844,40059,81845,81847],{},[15,81846,39785],{}," when applying a clear function to every item",[161,81849,40065,81850,81852],{},[15,81851,6035],{}," loop when you need more steps or more explanation",[161,81854,81855],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a compact and readable transformation",[20,81857,81858,81859,425],{},"If you want more practice with that style, see ",[421,81860,4471],{"href":4470},[36,81862,4598],{"id":4597},[222,81864,81866,81867],{"id":81865},"_1-forgetting-to-convert-the-result-to-list","1. Forgetting to convert the result to ",[15,81868,24849],{},[20,81870,81871],{},"This is very common:",[41,81873,81874],{"className":43,"code":81019,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,81875,81876,81896,81914,81918],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,81877,81878,81880,81882,81884,81886,81888,81890,81892,81894],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,81879,57],{"class":56},[50,81881,61],{"class":60},[50,81883,65],{"class":64},[50,81885,366],{"class":68},[50,81887,72],{"class":64},[50,81889,80],{"class":68},[50,81891,72],{"class":64},[50,81893,500],{"class":68},[50,81895,83],{"class":64},[50,81897,81898,81900,81902,81904,81906,81908,81910,81912],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,81899,89],{"class":56},[50,81901,61],{"class":60},[50,81903,80066],{"class":94},[50,81905,98],{"class":64},[50,81907,1395],{"class":557},[50,81909,72],{"class":64},[50,81911,4341],{"class":101},[50,81913,105],{"class":64},[50,81915,81916],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,81917,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,81919,81920,81922,81924,81926],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,81921,118],{"class":94},[50,81923,98],{"class":64},[50,81925,123],{"class":101},[50,81927,105],{"class":64},[20,81929,81930],{},"This prints the map object, not the values.",[20,81932,39330],{},[41,81934,81936],{"className":43,"code":81935,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(list(result))\n",[15,81937,81938],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,81939,81940,81942,81944,81946,81948,81950],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,81941,118],{"class":94},[50,81943,98],{"class":64},[50,81945,437],{"class":557},[50,81947,98],{"class":64},[50,81949,123],{"class":101},[50,81951,478],{"class":64},[222,81953,81955],{"id":81954},"_2-calling-the-function-instead-of-passing-it","2. Calling the function instead of passing it",[20,81957,16715],{},[41,81959,81961],{"className":43,"code":81960,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str(), numbers)\n",[15,81962,81963,81983],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,81964,81965,81967,81969,81971,81973,81975,81977,81979,81981],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,81966,57],{"class":56},[50,81968,61],{"class":60},[50,81970,65],{"class":64},[50,81972,366],{"class":68},[50,81974,72],{"class":64},[50,81976,80],{"class":68},[50,81978,72],{"class":64},[50,81980,500],{"class":68},[50,81982,83],{"class":64},[50,81984,81985,81987,81989,81991,81993,81995,81998,82000],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,81986,89],{"class":56},[50,81988,61],{"class":60},[50,81990,80066],{"class":94},[50,81992,98],{"class":64},[50,81994,1395],{"class":557},[50,81996,81997],{"class":64},"(),",[50,81999,4341],{"class":101},[50,82001,105],{"class":64},[20,82003,82004,82005,82007,82008,82010],{},"This is wrong because ",[15,82006,47754],{}," is being called immediately. ",[15,82009,39785],{}," needs the function itself, not the result of calling it.",[20,82012,16727],{},[41,82014,82015],{"className":43,"code":81106,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,82016,82017,82037,82055,82059],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,82018,82019,82021,82023,82025,82027,82029,82031,82033,82035],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,82020,57],{"class":56},[50,82022,61],{"class":60},[50,82024,65],{"class":64},[50,82026,366],{"class":68},[50,82028,72],{"class":64},[50,82030,80],{"class":68},[50,82032,72],{"class":64},[50,82034,500],{"class":68},[50,82036,83],{"class":64},[50,82038,82039,82041,82043,82045,82047,82049,82051,82053],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,82040,89],{"class":56},[50,82042,61],{"class":60},[50,82044,80066],{"class":94},[50,82046,98],{"class":64},[50,82048,1395],{"class":557},[50,82050,72],{"class":64},[50,82052,4341],{"class":101},[50,82054,105],{"class":64},[50,82056,82057],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,82058,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,82060,82061,82063,82065,82067,82069,82071],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,82062,118],{"class":94},[50,82064,98],{"class":64},[50,82066,437],{"class":557},[50,82068,98],{"class":64},[50,82070,123],{"class":101},[50,82072,478],{"class":64},[222,82074,82076],{"id":82075},"_3-using-a-function-with-the-wrong-number-of-parameters","3. Using a function with the wrong number of parameters",[20,82078,82079],{},"If your function needs two arguments, but you pass only one iterable, it will fail.",[20,82081,16715],{},[41,82083,82085],{"className":43,"code":82084,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(add, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,82086,82087,82104,82114,82118,82138,82157,82161],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,82088,82089,82091,82094,82096,82098,82100,82102],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,82090,34921],{"class":600},[50,82092,82093],{"class":34924}," add",[50,82095,98],{"class":64},[50,82097,421],{"class":37732},[50,82099,72],{"class":64},[50,82101,2657],{"class":37732},[50,82103,8421],{"class":64},[50,82105,82106,82108,82110,82112],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,82107,34932],{"class":3957},[50,82109,44614],{"class":56},[50,82111,2161],{"class":60},[50,82113,36252],{"class":56},[50,82115,82116],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,82117,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,82119,82120,82122,82124,82126,82128,82130,82132,82134,82136],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,82121,57],{"class":56},[50,82123,61],{"class":60},[50,82125,65],{"class":64},[50,82127,366],{"class":68},[50,82129,72],{"class":64},[50,82131,80],{"class":68},[50,82133,72],{"class":64},[50,82135,500],{"class":68},[50,82137,83],{"class":64},[50,82139,82140,82142,82144,82146,82148,82151,82153,82155],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,82141,89],{"class":56},[50,82143,61],{"class":60},[50,82145,80066],{"class":94},[50,82147,98],{"class":64},[50,82149,82150],{"class":101},"add",[50,82152,72],{"class":64},[50,82154,4341],{"class":101},[50,82156,105],{"class":64},[50,82158,82159],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,82160,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,82162,82163,82165,82167,82169,82171,82173],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,82164,118],{"class":94},[50,82166,98],{"class":64},[50,82168,437],{"class":557},[50,82170,98],{"class":64},[50,82172,123],{"class":101},[50,82174,478],{"class":64},[20,82176,16727],{},[41,82178,82180],{"className":43,"code":82179,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(add, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,82181,82182,82198,82208,82212,82232,82252,82274,82278],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,82183,82184,82186,82188,82190,82192,82194,82196],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,82185,34921],{"class":600},[50,82187,82093],{"class":34924},[50,82189,98],{"class":64},[50,82191,421],{"class":37732},[50,82193,72],{"class":64},[50,82195,2657],{"class":37732},[50,82197,8421],{"class":64},[50,82199,82200,82202,82204,82206],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,82201,34932],{"class":3957},[50,82203,44614],{"class":56},[50,82205,2161],{"class":60},[50,82207,36252],{"class":56},[50,82209,82210],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,82211,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,82213,82214,82216,82218,82220,82222,82224,82226,82228,82230],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,82215,80702],{"class":56},[50,82217,61],{"class":60},[50,82219,65],{"class":64},[50,82221,366],{"class":68},[50,82223,72],{"class":64},[50,82225,80],{"class":68},[50,82227,72],{"class":64},[50,82229,500],{"class":68},[50,82231,83],{"class":64},[50,82233,82234,82236,82238,82240,82242,82244,82246,82248,82250],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,82235,80723],{"class":56},[50,82237,61],{"class":60},[50,82239,65],{"class":64},[50,82241,1618],{"class":68},[50,82243,72],{"class":64},[50,82245,840],{"class":68},[50,82247,72],{"class":64},[50,82249,1627],{"class":68},[50,82251,83],{"class":64},[50,82253,82254,82256,82258,82260,82262,82264,82266,82268,82270,82272],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,82255,89],{"class":56},[50,82257,61],{"class":60},[50,82259,80066],{"class":94},[50,82261,98],{"class":64},[50,82263,82150],{"class":101},[50,82265,72],{"class":64},[50,82267,80761],{"class":101},[50,82269,72],{"class":64},[50,82271,80766],{"class":101},[50,82273,105],{"class":64},[50,82275,82276],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,82277,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,82279,82280,82282,82284,82286,82288,82290],{"class":52,"line":6503},[50,82281,118],{"class":94},[50,82283,98],{"class":64},[50,82285,437],{"class":557},[50,82287,98],{"class":64},[50,82289,123],{"class":101},[50,82291,478],{"class":64},[222,82293,82295],{"id":82294},"_4-reusing-the-same-map-object","4. Reusing the same map object",[20,82297,16715],{},[41,82299,82300],{"className":43,"code":81302,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,82301,82302,82322,82340,82344,82358],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,82303,82304,82306,82308,82310,82312,82314,82316,82318,82320],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,82305,57],{"class":56},[50,82307,61],{"class":60},[50,82309,65],{"class":64},[50,82311,366],{"class":68},[50,82313,72],{"class":64},[50,82315,80],{"class":68},[50,82317,72],{"class":64},[50,82319,500],{"class":68},[50,82321,83],{"class":64},[50,82323,82324,82326,82328,82330,82332,82334,82336,82338],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,82325,89],{"class":56},[50,82327,61],{"class":60},[50,82329,80066],{"class":94},[50,82331,98],{"class":64},[50,82333,1395],{"class":557},[50,82335,72],{"class":64},[50,82337,4341],{"class":101},[50,82339,105],{"class":64},[50,82341,82342],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,82343,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,82345,82346,82348,82350,82352,82354,82356],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,82347,118],{"class":94},[50,82349,98],{"class":64},[50,82351,437],{"class":557},[50,82353,98],{"class":64},[50,82355,123],{"class":101},[50,82357,478],{"class":64},[50,82359,82360,82362,82364,82366,82368,82370],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,82361,118],{"class":94},[50,82363,98],{"class":64},[50,82365,437],{"class":557},[50,82367,98],{"class":64},[50,82369,123],{"class":101},[50,82371,478],{"class":64},[20,82373,82374],{},"The second result is empty.",[20,82376,82377],{},"Fix: create a new map object, or convert once and save the list.",[36,82379,67956],{"id":67955},[20,82381,8955,82382,82384],{},[15,82383,39785],{}," is not doing what you expect, these quick checks can help:",[41,82386,82388],{"className":43,"code":82387,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(result)\nprint(list(result))\nprint(type(result))\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,82389,82390,82400,82414,82428,82440],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,82391,82392,82394,82396,82398],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,82393,118],{"class":94},[50,82395,98],{"class":64},[50,82397,123],{"class":101},[50,82399,105],{"class":64},[50,82401,82402,82404,82406,82408,82410,82412],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,82403,118],{"class":94},[50,82405,98],{"class":64},[50,82407,437],{"class":557},[50,82409,98],{"class":64},[50,82411,123],{"class":101},[50,82413,478],{"class":64},[50,82415,82416,82418,82420,82422,82424,82426],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,82417,118],{"class":94},[50,82419,98],{"class":64},[50,82421,558],{"class":557},[50,82423,98],{"class":64},[50,82425,123],{"class":101},[50,82427,478],{"class":64},[50,82429,82430,82432,82434,82436,82438],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,82431,6035],{"class":3957},[50,82433,6038],{"class":56},[50,82435,3964],{"class":3957},[50,82437,81261],{"class":56},[50,82439,6470],{"class":64},[50,82441,82442,82444,82446,82448],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,82443,8148],{"class":94},[50,82445,98],{"class":64},[50,82447,23379],{"class":101},[50,82449,105],{"class":64},[20,82451,12747],{},[158,82453,82454,82459,82464,82470],{},[161,82455,82456,82458],{},[15,82457,33097],{}," shows that you have a map object",[161,82460,82461,82463],{},[15,82462,33105],{}," shows the actual mapped values",[161,82465,82466,82469],{},[15,82467,82468],{},"print(type(result))"," confirms the result type",[161,82471,82472,82473,82475],{},"looping over ",[15,82474,123],{}," lets you inspect items one by one",[20,82477,82478,82479,82482,82483,82485],{},"Be careful: ",[15,82480,82481],{},"list(result)"," and a ",[15,82484,6035],{}," loop consume the map object.",[36,82487,1913],{"id":1912},[222,82489,1917,82491,82493],{"id":82490},"does-map-return-a-list-in-python",[15,82492,39785],{}," return a list in Python?",[20,82495,82496,82497,82499,82500,24007],{},"No. In Python 3, ",[15,82498,39785],{}," returns a map object. Use ",[15,82501,82502],{},"list(map(...))",[222,82504,14975,82506,82508,82509,82511],{"id":82505},"is-map-better-than-a-for-loop",[15,82507,39785],{}," better than a ",[15,82510,6035],{}," loop?",[20,82513,82514,82515,82517,82518,82520],{},"Not always. ",[15,82516,39785],{}," is shorter for simple transformations, but a ",[15,82519,6035],{}," loop can be easier to read.",[222,82522,5248,82524,82526],{"id":82523},"can-map-use-more-than-one-list",[15,82525,39785],{}," use more than one list?",[20,82528,82529],{},"Yes. Pass multiple iterables, and use a function that accepts one argument for each iterable.",[222,82531,82533],{"id":82532},"why-is-my-map-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my map object empty the second time?",[20,82535,82536],{},"A map object is consumed as you iterate over it. Create a new one if you need to use it again.",[36,82538,1975],{"id":1974},[158,82540,82541,82547,82553,82557,82561],{},[161,82542,82543],{},[421,82544,13,82545,1461],{"href":40154},[15,82546,37645],{},[161,82548,82549],{},[421,82550,13,82551,1461],{"href":64908},[15,82552,24849],{},[161,82554,82555],{},[421,82556,5300],{"href":5211},[161,82558,82559],{},[421,82560,5305],{"href":4470},[161,82562,82563],{},[421,82564,5295],{"href":5215},[2018,82566,82567],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":82569},[82570,82571,82573,82574,82575,82577,82582,82589,82591,82598,82599,82608],{"id":2104,"depth":86,"text":2105},{"id":80145,"depth":86,"text":82572},"What map() does",{"id":180,"depth":86,"text":181},{"id":270,"depth":86,"text":271},{"id":80464,"depth":86,"text":82576},"Using map() with your own function",{"id":80648,"depth":86,"text":82578,"children":82579},"Using map() with multiple iterables",[82580],{"id":80836,"depth":108,"text":82581},"map() stops at the shortest iterable",{"id":80993,"depth":86,"text":82583,"children":82584},"map() returns an iterator-like object",[82585,82587,82588],{"id":81011,"depth":108,"text":82586},"Why print(result) looks strange",{"id":81202,"depth":108,"text":81203},{"id":81295,"depth":108,"text":81296},{"id":81556,"depth":86,"text":82590},"When to use map()",{"id":4597,"depth":86,"text":4598,"children":82592},[82593,82595,82596,82597],{"id":81865,"depth":108,"text":82594},"1. Forgetting to convert the result to list()",{"id":81954,"depth":108,"text":81955},{"id":82075,"depth":108,"text":82076},{"id":82294,"depth":108,"text":82295},{"id":67955,"depth":86,"text":67956},{"id":1912,"depth":86,"text":1913,"children":82600},[82601,82603,82605,82607],{"id":82490,"depth":108,"text":82602},"Does map() return a list in Python?",{"id":82505,"depth":108,"text":82604},"Is map() better than a for loop?",{"id":82523,"depth":108,"text":82606},"Can map() use more than one list?",{"id":82532,"depth":108,"text":82533},{"id":1974,"depth":86,"text":1975},"Master python map function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained",{"title":79977,"description":82609},"reference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained","4MI2YLPo_ZE_nkJe3whDWQ5FDq18dCJHZg2kU_VJhkQ",{"id":82616,"title":82617,"body":82618,"description":84637,"extension":2064,"meta":84638,"navigation":111,"path":84639,"seo":84640,"stem":84641,"__hash__":84642},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained.md","Python max() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":82619,"toc":84595},[82620,82626,82631,82634,82642,82645,82647,82771,82773,82791,82793,82813,82818,82822,82836,82839,82842,82844,82849,82961,82964,82982,82988,82991,83053,83055,83064,83067,83081,83083,83131,83133,83142,83152,83158,83161,83188,83190,83198,83201,83204,83274,83276,83284,83287,83292,83297,83348,83350,83358,83361,83363,83380,83382,83433,83436,83442,83446,83451,83454,83458,83517,83519,83528,83534,83543,83547,83610,83612,83620,83625,83629,83634,83714,83716,83725,83732,83737,83742,83745,83780,83782,83790,83793,83799,83801,83851,83853,83862,83865,83883,83885,83890,83896,83903,83930,83932,83955,83960,83995,84000,84006,84011,84054,84057,84060,84099,84106,84112,84117,84132,84136,84143,84146,84150,84155,84159,84164,84166,84227,84229,84258,84263,84270,84279,84281,84284,84309,84311,84414,84417,84435,84444,84446,84451,84454,84460,84463,84465,84475,84481,84485,84543,84550,84558,84560,84592],[10,82621,13,82623,18],{"id":82622},"python-max-function-explained",[15,82624,82625],{},"max()",[20,82627,9203,82628,82630],{},[15,82629,82625],{}," function returns the largest item.",[20,82632,82633],{},"You can use it in two main ways:",[158,82635,82636,82639],{},[161,82637,82638],{},"To get the largest item from an iterable like a list or tuple",[161,82640,82641],{},"To compare two or more separate values",[20,82643,82644],{},"This is useful when you want the highest number, the alphabetically largest string, or the biggest item based on a custom rule.",[36,82646,2105],{"id":2104},[41,82648,82650],{"className":43,"code":82649,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\nprint(max(numbers))\n\nprint(max(3, 8, 2, 5))\n\nwords = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,82651,82652,82676,82691,82695,82721,82725,82757],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,82653,82654,82656,82658,82660,82662,82664,82666,82668,82670,82672,82674],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,82655,57],{"class":56},[50,82657,61],{"class":60},[50,82659,65],{"class":64},[50,82661,69],{"class":68},[50,82663,72],{"class":64},[50,82665,299],{"class":68},[50,82667,72],{"class":64},[50,82669,80],{"class":68},[50,82671,72],{"class":64},[50,82673,375],{"class":68},[50,82675,83],{"class":64},[50,82677,82678,82680,82682,82685,82687,82689],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,82679,118],{"class":94},[50,82681,98],{"class":64},[50,82683,82684],{"class":94},"max",[50,82686,98],{"class":64},[50,82688,102],{"class":101},[50,82690,478],{"class":64},[50,82692,82693],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,82694,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,82696,82697,82699,82701,82703,82705,82707,82709,82711,82713,82715,82717,82719],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,82698,118],{"class":94},[50,82700,98],{"class":64},[50,82702,82684],{"class":94},[50,82704,98],{"class":64},[50,82706,69],{"class":68},[50,82708,72],{"class":64},[50,82710,299],{"class":68},[50,82712,72],{"class":64},[50,82714,80],{"class":68},[50,82716,72],{"class":64},[50,82718,375],{"class":68},[50,82720,478],{"class":64},[50,82722,82723],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,82724,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,82726,82727,82729,82731,82733,82735,82737,82739,82741,82743,82745,82747,82749,82751,82753,82755],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,82728,1040],{"class":56},[50,82730,61],{"class":60},[50,82732,65],{"class":64},[50,82734,811],{"class":604},[50,82736,1049],{"class":608},[50,82738,811],{"class":604},[50,82740,72],{"class":64},[50,82742,700],{"class":604},[50,82744,1058],{"class":608},[50,82746,811],{"class":604},[50,82748,72],{"class":64},[50,82750,700],{"class":604},[50,82752,1212],{"class":608},[50,82754,811],{"class":604},[50,82756,83],{"class":64},[50,82758,82759,82761,82763,82765,82767,82769],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,82760,118],{"class":94},[50,82762,98],{"class":64},[50,82764,82684],{"class":94},[50,82766,98],{"class":64},[50,82768,1088],{"class":101},[50,82770,478],{"class":64},[20,82772,353],{},[41,82774,82776],{"className":43,"code":82775,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"8\n8\npear\n",[15,82777,82778,82782,82786],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,82779,82780],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,82781,2478],{"class":68},[50,82783,82784],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,82785,2478],{"class":68},[50,82787,82788],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,82789,82790],{"class":56},"pear\n",[20,82792,20027],{},[158,82794,82795,82801,82807],{},[161,82796,82797,82800],{},[15,82798,82799],{},"max(numbers)"," uses the iterable form",[161,82802,82803,82806],{},[15,82804,82805],{},"max(3, 8, 2, 5)"," uses separate arguments",[161,82808,82809,82812],{},[15,82810,82811],{},"max(words)"," compares strings alphabetically",[36,82814,153,82816,156],{"id":82815},"what-max-does",[15,82817,82625],{},[20,82819,82820,819],{},[15,82821,82625],{},[158,82823,82824,82827,82830,82833],{},[161,82825,82826],{},"Returns the largest item",[161,82828,82829],{},"Works with a list, tuple, string, set, or other iterable",[161,82831,82832],{},"Also works with two or more separate values",[161,82834,82835],{},"Compares items using Python’s normal ordering rules",[20,82837,82838],{},"For numbers, “largest” means the highest value.",[20,82840,82841],{},"For strings, “largest” means the item that comes last in alphabetical order.",[36,82843,181],{"id":180},[20,82845,82846,82847,819],{},"Here are the main forms of ",[15,82848,82625],{},[41,82850,82852],{"className":43,"code":82851,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"max(iterable)\nmax(iterable, *, key=func)\nmax(iterable, *, default=value)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args, key=func)\n",[15,82853,82854,82864,82888,82910,82933],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,82855,82856,82858,82860,82862],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,82857,82684],{"class":94},[50,82859,98],{"class":64},[50,82861,196],{"class":101},[50,82863,105],{"class":64},[50,82865,82866,82868,82870,82872,82874,82877,82879,82881,82883,82886],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,82867,82684],{"class":94},[50,82869,98],{"class":64},[50,82871,196],{"class":101},[50,82873,72],{"class":64},[50,82875,82876],{"class":60}," *",[50,82878,72],{"class":64},[50,82880,202],{"class":201},[50,82882,61],{"class":60},[50,82884,82885],{"class":101},"func",[50,82887,105],{"class":64},[50,82889,82890,82892,82894,82896,82898,82900,82902,82904,82906,82908],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,82891,82684],{"class":94},[50,82893,98],{"class":64},[50,82895,196],{"class":101},[50,82897,72],{"class":64},[50,82899,82876],{"class":60},[50,82901,72],{"class":64},[50,82903,26592],{"class":201},[50,82905,61],{"class":60},[50,82907,2570],{"class":101},[50,82909,105],{"class":64},[50,82911,82912,82914,82916,82919,82921,82924,82926,82928,82931],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,82913,82684],{"class":94},[50,82915,98],{"class":64},[50,82917,82918],{"class":101},"arg1",[50,82920,72],{"class":64},[50,82922,82923],{"class":101}," arg2",[50,82925,72],{"class":64},[50,82927,82876],{"class":60},[50,82929,82930],{"class":101},"args",[50,82932,105],{"class":64},[50,82934,82935,82937,82939,82941,82943,82945,82947,82949,82951,82953,82955,82957,82959],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,82936,82684],{"class":94},[50,82938,98],{"class":64},[50,82940,82918],{"class":101},[50,82942,72],{"class":64},[50,82944,82923],{"class":101},[50,82946,72],{"class":64},[50,82948,82876],{"class":60},[50,82950,82930],{"class":101},[50,82952,72],{"class":64},[50,82954,202],{"class":201},[50,82956,61],{"class":60},[50,82958,82885],{"class":101},[50,82960,105],{"class":64},[20,82962,82963],{},"The most important parts are:",[158,82965,82966,82971,82976],{},[161,82967,82968,82970],{},[15,82969,196],{},": a collection like a list, tuple, or string",[161,82972,82973,82975],{},[15,82974,237],{},": a function that tells Python how to compare items",[161,82977,82978,82981],{},[15,82979,82980],{},"default",": a value to return if the iterable is empty",[36,82983,914,82985,82987],{"id":82984},"using-max-with-a-list-of-numbers",[15,82986,82625],{}," with a list of numbers",[20,82989,82990],{},"This is the most common beginner use case.",[41,82992,82994],{"className":43,"code":82993,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"scores = [72, 91, 85, 66]\nhighest_score = max(scores)\n\nprint(highest_score)\n",[15,82995,82996,83022,83038,83042],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,82997,82998,83000,83002,83004,83007,83009,83011,83013,83015,83017,83020],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,82999,5143],{"class":56},[50,83001,61],{"class":60},[50,83003,65],{"class":64},[50,83005,83006],{"class":68},"72",[50,83008,72],{"class":64},[50,83010,51579],{"class":68},[50,83012,72],{"class":64},[50,83014,13580],{"class":68},[50,83016,72],{"class":64},[50,83018,83019],{"class":68}," 66",[50,83021,83],{"class":64},[50,83023,83024,83027,83029,83032,83034,83036],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,83025,83026],{"class":56},"highest_score ",[50,83028,61],{"class":60},[50,83030,83031],{"class":94}," max",[50,83033,98],{"class":64},[50,83035,16460],{"class":101},[50,83037,105],{"class":64},[50,83039,83040],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,83041,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,83043,83044,83046,83048,83051],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,83045,118],{"class":94},[50,83047,98],{"class":64},[50,83049,83050],{"class":101},"highest_score",[50,83052,105],{"class":64},[20,83054,353],{},[41,83056,83058],{"className":43,"code":83057,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"91\n",[15,83059,83060],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,83061,83062],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,83063,83057],{"class":68},[20,83065,83066],{},"This works well for:",[158,83068,83069,83072,83075,83078],{},[161,83070,83071],{},"Scores",[161,83073,83074],{},"Prices",[161,83076,83077],{},"Ages",[161,83079,83080],{},"Counts",[20,83082,52149],{},[41,83084,83086],{"className":43,"code":83085,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"prices = [19.99, 5.50, 12.75, 29.00]\nprint(max(prices))\n",[15,83087,83088,83116],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,83089,83090,83093,83095,83097,83099,83101,83104,83106,83109,83111,83114],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,83091,83092],{"class":56},"prices ",[50,83094,61],{"class":60},[50,83096,65],{"class":64},[50,83098,40467],{"class":68},[50,83100,72],{"class":64},[50,83102,83103],{"class":68}," 5.50",[50,83105,72],{"class":64},[50,83107,83108],{"class":68}," 12.75",[50,83110,72],{"class":64},[50,83112,83113],{"class":68}," 29.00",[50,83115,83],{"class":64},[50,83117,83118,83120,83122,83124,83126,83129],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,83119,118],{"class":94},[50,83121,98],{"class":64},[50,83123,82684],{"class":94},[50,83125,98],{"class":64},[50,83127,83128],{"class":101},"prices",[50,83130,478],{"class":64},[20,83132,353],{},[41,83134,83136],{"className":43,"code":83135,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"29.0\n",[15,83137,83138],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,83139,83140],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,83141,83135],{"class":68},[20,83143,83144,83145,83147,83148,425],{},"If you only need the largest value, ",[15,83146,82625],{}," is simpler than ",[421,83149,83150],{"href":74577},[15,83151,17],{},[36,83153,914,83155,83157],{"id":83154},"using-max-with-separate-values",[15,83156,82625],{}," with separate values",[20,83159,83160],{},"You do not always need a list. You can pass values directly.",[41,83162,83164],{"className":43,"code":83163,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(max(4, 12, 7))\n",[15,83165,83166],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,83167,83168,83170,83172,83174,83176,83178,83180,83182,83184,83186],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,83169,118],{"class":94},[50,83171,98],{"class":64},[50,83173,82684],{"class":94},[50,83175,98],{"class":64},[50,83177,2602],{"class":68},[50,83179,72],{"class":64},[50,83181,31012],{"class":68},[50,83183,72],{"class":64},[50,83185,6071],{"class":68},[50,83187,478],{"class":64},[20,83189,353],{},[41,83191,83192],{"className":43,"code":2324,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,83193,83194],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,83195,83196],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,83197,2324],{"class":68},[20,83199,83200],{},"This is useful for quick comparisons.",[20,83202,83203],{},"For example, comparing three numbers entered by a user:",[41,83205,83207],{"className":43,"code":83206,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = 15\nb = 42\nc = 27\n\nlargest = max(a, b, c)\nprint(largest)\n",[15,83208,83209,83218,83226,83236,83240,83263],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,83210,83211,83213,83215],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,83212,2652],{"class":56},[50,83214,61],{"class":60},[50,83216,83217],{"class":68}," 15\n",[50,83219,83220,83222,83224],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,83221,2680],{"class":56},[50,83223,61],{"class":60},[50,83225,2867],{"class":68},[50,83227,83228,83231,83233],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,83229,83230],{"class":56},"c ",[50,83232,61],{"class":60},[50,83234,83235],{"class":68}," 27\n",[50,83237,83238],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,83239,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,83241,83242,83245,83247,83249,83251,83253,83255,83257,83259,83261],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,83243,83244],{"class":56},"largest ",[50,83246,61],{"class":60},[50,83248,83031],{"class":94},[50,83250,98],{"class":64},[50,83252,421],{"class":101},[50,83254,72],{"class":64},[50,83256,2657],{"class":101},[50,83258,72],{"class":64},[50,83260,9759],{"class":101},[50,83262,105],{"class":64},[50,83264,83265,83267,83269,83272],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,83266,118],{"class":94},[50,83268,98],{"class":64},[50,83270,83271],{"class":101},"largest",[50,83273,105],{"class":64},[20,83275,353],{},[41,83277,83278],{"className":43,"code":46682,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,83279,83280],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,83281,83282],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,83283,46682],{"class":68},[20,83285,83286],{},"Use this form when you already have separate values and do not need to store them in a list first.",[36,83288,914,83290,47129],{"id":83289},"using-max-with-strings",[15,83291,82625],{},[20,83293,83294,83296],{},[15,83295,82625],{}," can compare strings too.",[41,83298,83300],{"className":43,"code":83299,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,83301,83302,83334],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,83303,83304,83306,83308,83310,83312,83314,83316,83318,83320,83322,83324,83326,83328,83330,83332],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,83305,1040],{"class":56},[50,83307,61],{"class":60},[50,83309,65],{"class":64},[50,83311,811],{"class":604},[50,83313,1049],{"class":608},[50,83315,811],{"class":604},[50,83317,72],{"class":64},[50,83319,700],{"class":604},[50,83321,1058],{"class":608},[50,83323,811],{"class":604},[50,83325,72],{"class":64},[50,83327,700],{"class":604},[50,83329,1212],{"class":608},[50,83331,811],{"class":604},[50,83333,83],{"class":64},[50,83335,83336,83338,83340,83342,83344,83346],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,83337,118],{"class":94},[50,83339,98],{"class":64},[50,83341,82684],{"class":94},[50,83343,98],{"class":64},[50,83345,1088],{"class":101},[50,83347,478],{"class":64},[20,83349,353],{},[41,83351,83352],{"className":43,"code":82790,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,83353,83354],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,83355,83356],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,83357,82790],{"class":56},[20,83359,83360],{},"This happens because strings are compared alphabetically.",[20,83362,68344],{},[158,83364,83365,83374,83377],{},[161,83366,83367,83370,83371,83373],{},[15,83368,83369],{},"\"pear\""," comes after ",[15,83372,65335],{}," alphabetically",[161,83375,83376],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters can change the result",[161,83378,83379],{},"Mixed text case can surprise beginners",[20,83381,1602],{},[41,83383,83385],{"className":43,"code":83384,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,83386,83387,83419],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,83388,83389,83391,83393,83395,83397,83399,83401,83403,83405,83407,83409,83411,83413,83415,83417],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,83390,1040],{"class":56},[50,83392,61],{"class":60},[50,83394,65],{"class":64},[50,83396,811],{"class":604},[50,83398,1049],{"class":608},[50,83400,811],{"class":604},[50,83402,72],{"class":64},[50,83404,700],{"class":604},[50,83406,1349],{"class":608},[50,83408,811],{"class":604},[50,83410,72],{"class":64},[50,83412,700],{"class":604},[50,83414,1212],{"class":608},[50,83416,811],{"class":604},[50,83418,83],{"class":64},[50,83420,83421,83423,83425,83427,83429,83431],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,83422,118],{"class":94},[50,83424,98],{"class":64},[50,83426,82684],{"class":94},[50,83428,98],{"class":64},[50,83430,1088],{"class":101},[50,83432,478],{"class":64},[20,83434,83435],{},"The result may not be what you expect because uppercase letters are compared differently from lowercase letters.",[20,83437,83438,83439,83441],{},"You can fix that with the ",[15,83440,237],{}," argument, which is explained below.",[36,83443,36681,83444,36684],{"id":78751},[15,83445,237],{},[20,83447,1185,83448,83450],{},[15,83449,237],{}," argument lets you control how items are compared.",[20,83452,83453],{},"This is very useful when the “largest” item is not simply the normal largest value.",[222,83455,83457],{"id":83456},"find-the-longest-word","Find the longest word",[41,83459,83461],{"className":43,"code":83460,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(max(words, key=len))\n",[15,83462,83463,83495],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,83464,83465,83467,83469,83471,83473,83475,83477,83479,83481,83483,83485,83487,83489,83491,83493],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,83466,1040],{"class":56},[50,83468,61],{"class":60},[50,83470,65],{"class":64},[50,83472,811],{"class":604},[50,83474,37116],{"class":608},[50,83476,811],{"class":604},[50,83478,72],{"class":64},[50,83480,700],{"class":604},[50,83482,68387],{"class":608},[50,83484,811],{"class":604},[50,83486,72],{"class":64},[50,83488,700],{"class":604},[50,83490,58194],{"class":608},[50,83492,811],{"class":604},[50,83494,83],{"class":64},[50,83496,83497,83499,83501,83503,83505,83507,83509,83511,83513,83515],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,83498,118],{"class":94},[50,83500,98],{"class":64},[50,83502,82684],{"class":94},[50,83504,98],{"class":64},[50,83506,1088],{"class":101},[50,83508,72],{"class":64},[50,83510,202],{"class":201},[50,83512,61],{"class":60},[50,83514,1267],{"class":94},[50,83516,478],{"class":64},[20,83518,353],{},[41,83520,83522],{"className":43,"code":83521,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"elephant\n",[15,83523,83524],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,83525,83526],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,83527,83521],{"class":56},[20,83529,1325,83530,83533],{},[15,83531,83532],{},"key=len"," tells Python to compare the lengths of the strings instead of the strings themselves.",[20,83535,83536,83537,33699,83539,425],{},"If you are new to ",[15,83538,1454],{},[421,83540,83541,1523],{"href":1458},[15,83542,1454],{},[222,83544,83546],{"id":83545},"compare-strings-without-caring-about-uppercase-or-lowercase","Compare strings without caring about uppercase or lowercase",[41,83548,83550],{"className":43,"code":83549,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,83551,83552,83584],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,83553,83554,83556,83558,83560,83562,83564,83566,83568,83570,83572,83574,83576,83578,83580,83582],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,83555,1040],{"class":56},[50,83557,61],{"class":60},[50,83559,65],{"class":64},[50,83561,811],{"class":604},[50,83563,1049],{"class":608},[50,83565,811],{"class":604},[50,83567,72],{"class":64},[50,83569,700],{"class":604},[50,83571,1349],{"class":608},[50,83573,811],{"class":604},[50,83575,72],{"class":64},[50,83577,700],{"class":604},[50,83579,1212],{"class":608},[50,83581,811],{"class":604},[50,83583,83],{"class":64},[50,83585,83586,83588,83590,83592,83594,83596,83598,83600,83602,83604,83606,83608],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,83587,118],{"class":94},[50,83589,98],{"class":64},[50,83591,82684],{"class":94},[50,83593,98],{"class":64},[50,83595,1088],{"class":101},[50,83597,72],{"class":64},[50,83599,202],{"class":201},[50,83601,61],{"class":60},[50,83603,1395],{"class":557},[50,83605,425],{"class":64},[50,83607,1401],{"class":1400},[50,83609,478],{"class":64},[20,83611,353],{},[41,83613,83614],{"className":43,"code":82790,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,83615,83616],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,83617,83618],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,83619,82790],{"class":56},[20,83621,1325,83622,83624],{},[15,83623,78747],{}," converts each string to lowercase for comparison.",[222,83626,83628],{"id":83627},"use-a-lambda-function","Use a lambda function",[20,83630,83631,83632,819],{},"You can also use a small custom function with ",[15,83633,37729],{},[41,83635,83637],{"className":43,"code":83636,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [\"a\", \"bb\", \"cccc\", \"ddd\"]\nprint(max(items, key=lambda text: len(text)))\n",[15,83638,83639,83682],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,83640,83641,83643,83645,83647,83649,83651,83653,83655,83657,83660,83662,83664,83666,83669,83671,83673,83675,83678,83680],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,83642,7859],{"class":56},[50,83644,61],{"class":60},[50,83646,65],{"class":64},[50,83648,811],{"class":604},[50,83650,421],{"class":608},[50,83652,811],{"class":604},[50,83654,72],{"class":64},[50,83656,700],{"class":604},[50,83658,83659],{"class":608},"bb",[50,83661,811],{"class":604},[50,83663,72],{"class":64},[50,83665,700],{"class":604},[50,83667,83668],{"class":608},"cccc",[50,83670,811],{"class":604},[50,83672,72],{"class":64},[50,83674,700],{"class":604},[50,83676,83677],{"class":608},"ddd",[50,83679,811],{"class":604},[50,83681,83],{"class":64},[50,83683,83684,83686,83688,83690,83692,83694,83696,83698,83700,83702,83704,83706,83708,83710,83712],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,83685,118],{"class":94},[50,83687,98],{"class":64},[50,83689,82684],{"class":94},[50,83691,98],{"class":64},[50,83693,7888],{"class":101},[50,83695,72],{"class":64},[50,83697,202],{"class":201},[50,83699,61],{"class":60},[50,83701,37729],{"class":600},[50,83703,42910],{"class":37732},[50,83705,819],{"class":64},[50,83707,38454],{"class":94},[50,83709,98],{"class":64},[50,83711,718],{"class":101},[50,83713,569],{"class":64},[20,83715,353],{},[41,83717,83719],{"className":43,"code":83718,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"cccc\n",[15,83720,83721],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,83722,83723],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,83724,83718],{"class":56},[20,83726,49619,83727,4472,83729,83731],{},[15,83728,83532],{},[15,83730,78634],{}," are the most useful examples to remember.",[36,83733,36681,83735,36684],{"id":83734},"using-the-default-argument",[15,83736,82980],{},[20,83738,1185,83739,83741],{},[15,83740,82980],{}," argument only works with the iterable form.",[20,83743,83744],{},"It prevents an error when the iterable is empty.",[41,83746,83748],{"className":43,"code":83747,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,83749,83750,83758],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,83751,83752,83754,83756],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,83753,57],{"class":56},[50,83755,61],{"class":60},[50,83757,7917],{"class":64},[50,83759,83760,83762,83764,83766,83768,83770,83772,83774,83776,83778],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,83761,118],{"class":94},[50,83763,98],{"class":64},[50,83765,82684],{"class":94},[50,83767,98],{"class":64},[50,83769,102],{"class":101},[50,83771,72],{"class":64},[50,83773,26592],{"class":201},[50,83775,61],{"class":60},[50,83777,2220],{"class":68},[50,83779,478],{"class":64},[20,83781,353],{},[41,83783,83784],{"className":43,"code":47322,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,83785,83786],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,83787,83788],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,83789,47322],{"class":68},[20,83791,83792],{},"This is helpful when a list may have no items.",[20,83794,83795,83796,83798],{},"Without ",[15,83797,82980],{},", this would raise an error.",[20,83800,52149],{},[41,83802,83804],{"className":43,"code":83803,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = []\nresult = max(words, default=\"no words found\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,83805,83806,83814,83841],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,83807,83808,83810,83812],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,83809,1040],{"class":56},[50,83811,61],{"class":60},[50,83813,7917],{"class":64},[50,83815,83816,83818,83820,83822,83824,83826,83828,83830,83832,83834,83837,83839],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,83817,89],{"class":56},[50,83819,61],{"class":60},[50,83821,83031],{"class":94},[50,83823,98],{"class":64},[50,83825,1088],{"class":101},[50,83827,72],{"class":64},[50,83829,26592],{"class":201},[50,83831,61],{"class":60},[50,83833,811],{"class":604},[50,83835,83836],{"class":608},"no words found",[50,83838,811],{"class":604},[50,83840,105],{"class":64},[50,83842,83843,83845,83847,83849],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,83844,118],{"class":94},[50,83846,98],{"class":64},[50,83848,123],{"class":101},[50,83850,105],{"class":64},[20,83852,353],{},[41,83854,83856],{"className":43,"code":83855,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"no words found\n",[15,83857,83858],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,83859,83860],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,83861,83855],{"class":56},[20,83863,83864],{},"Important:",[158,83866,83867,83875],{},[161,83868,83869,83871,83872],{},[15,83870,82980],{}," works with ",[15,83873,83874],{},"max(iterable, default=value)",[161,83876,40975,83877,83879,83880],{},[3824,83878,4709],{}," work with multiple separate arguments like ",[15,83881,83882],{},"max(1, 2, 3, default=0)",[36,83884,48057],{"id":48056},[20,83886,83887,83888,425],{},"There are a few common errors when using ",[15,83889,82625],{},[222,83891,83893,83895],{"id":83892},"valueerror-with-an-empty-iterable",[15,83894,40773],{}," with an empty iterable",[20,83897,83898,83899,45978,83901,425],{},"If the iterable is empty and you do not provide ",[15,83900,82980],{},[15,83902,40773],{},[41,83904,83906],{"className":43,"code":83905,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers))\n",[15,83907,83908,83916],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,83909,83910,83912,83914],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,83911,57],{"class":56},[50,83913,61],{"class":60},[50,83915,7917],{"class":64},[50,83917,83918,83920,83922,83924,83926,83928],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,83919,118],{"class":94},[50,83921,98],{"class":64},[50,83923,82684],{"class":94},[50,83925,98],{"class":64},[50,83927,102],{"class":101},[50,83929,478],{"class":64},[20,83931,29749],{},[41,83933,83935],{"className":43,"code":83934,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"ValueError: max() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,83936,83937],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,83938,83939,83941,83943,83945,83947,83950,83952],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,83940,40773],{"class":557},[50,83942,819],{"class":64},[50,83944,83031],{"class":94},[50,83946,7445],{"class":64},[50,83948,83949],{"class":56}," arg ",[50,83951,12268],{"class":60},[50,83953,83954],{"class":56}," an empty sequence\n",[20,83956,83957,83958,819],{},"Fix it by using ",[15,83959,82980],{},[41,83961,83963],{"className":43,"code":83962,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,83964,83965,83973],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,83966,83967,83969,83971],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,83968,57],{"class":56},[50,83970,61],{"class":60},[50,83972,7917],{"class":64},[50,83974,83975,83977,83979,83981,83983,83985,83987,83989,83991,83993],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,83976,118],{"class":94},[50,83978,98],{"class":64},[50,83980,82684],{"class":94},[50,83982,98],{"class":64},[50,83984,102],{"class":101},[50,83986,72],{"class":64},[50,83988,26592],{"class":201},[50,83990,61],{"class":60},[50,83992,208],{"class":207},[50,83994,478],{"class":64},[20,83996,83997,83998,425],{},"If you need more help with this kind of problem, see ",[421,83999,65900],{"href":72939},[222,84001,84003,84005],{"id":84002},"typeerror-when-items-cannot-be-compared",[15,84004,1542],{}," when items cannot be compared",[20,84007,84008,84009,425],{},"If Python cannot compare the items, you get a ",[15,84010,1542],{},[41,84012,84014],{"className":43,"code":84013,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [10, \"20\", 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,84015,84016,84040],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,84017,84018,84020,84022,84024,84026,84028,84030,84032,84034,84036,84038],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,84019,7859],{"class":56},[50,84021,61],{"class":60},[50,84023,65],{"class":64},[50,84025,1618],{"class":68},[50,84027,72],{"class":64},[50,84029,700],{"class":604},[50,84031,15826],{"class":608},[50,84033,811],{"class":604},[50,84035,72],{"class":64},[50,84037,1627],{"class":68},[50,84039,83],{"class":64},[50,84041,84042,84044,84046,84048,84050,84052],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,84043,118],{"class":94},[50,84045,98],{"class":64},[50,84047,82684],{"class":94},[50,84049,98],{"class":64},[50,84051,7888],{"class":101},[50,84053,478],{"class":64},[20,84055,84056],{},"This fails because integers and strings are different types and cannot be compared normally.",[20,84058,84059],{},"Fix it by making the items the same type:",[41,84061,84063],{"className":43,"code":84062,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,84064,84065,84085],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,84066,84067,84069,84071,84073,84075,84077,84079,84081,84083],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,84068,7859],{"class":56},[50,84070,61],{"class":60},[50,84072,65],{"class":64},[50,84074,1618],{"class":68},[50,84076,72],{"class":64},[50,84078,840],{"class":68},[50,84080,72],{"class":64},[50,84082,1627],{"class":68},[50,84084,83],{"class":64},[50,84086,84087,84089,84091,84093,84095,84097],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,84088,118],{"class":94},[50,84090,98],{"class":64},[50,84092,82684],{"class":94},[50,84094,98],{"class":64},[50,84096,7888],{"class":101},[50,84098,478],{"class":64},[20,84100,84101,84102,425],{},"If you are debugging this kind of issue, see ",[421,84103,84105],{"href":84104},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained","TypeError in Python: causes and fixes",[222,84107,84109,84111],{"id":84108},"typeerror-when-called-with-no-arguments",[15,84110,1542],{}," when called with no arguments",[20,84113,84114,84116],{},[15,84115,82625],{}," needs at least one iterable or at least two values.",[41,84118,84120],{"className":43,"code":84119,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(max())\n",[15,84121,84122],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,84123,84124,84126,84128,84130],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,84125,118],{"class":94},[50,84127,98],{"class":64},[50,84129,82684],{"class":94},[50,84131,7273],{"class":64},[20,84133,3097,84134,425],{},[15,84135,1542],{},[36,84137,84139,1467,84141],{"id":84138},"max-vs-sorted",[15,84140,82625],{},[15,84142,17],{},[20,84144,84145],{},"These two functions are related, but they do different things.",[20,84147,84148,819],{},[15,84149,82625],{},[158,84151,84152],{},[161,84153,84154],{},"Returns one largest item",[20,84156,84157,819],{},[15,84158,17],{},[158,84160,84161],{},[161,84162,84163],{},"Returns a new sorted list of all items",[20,84165,1602],{},[41,84167,84169],{"className":43,"code":84168,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\n\nprint(max(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,84170,84171,84195,84199,84213],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,84172,84173,84175,84177,84179,84181,84183,84185,84187,84189,84191,84193],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,84174,57],{"class":56},[50,84176,61],{"class":60},[50,84178,65],{"class":64},[50,84180,69],{"class":68},[50,84182,72],{"class":64},[50,84184,299],{"class":68},[50,84186,72],{"class":64},[50,84188,80],{"class":68},[50,84190,72],{"class":64},[50,84192,375],{"class":68},[50,84194,83],{"class":64},[50,84196,84197],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,84198,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,84200,84201,84203,84205,84207,84209,84211],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,84202,118],{"class":94},[50,84204,98],{"class":64},[50,84206,82684],{"class":94},[50,84208,98],{"class":64},[50,84210,102],{"class":101},[50,84212,478],{"class":64},[50,84214,84215,84217,84219,84221,84223,84225],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,84216,118],{"class":94},[50,84218,98],{"class":64},[50,84220,191],{"class":94},[50,84222,98],{"class":64},[50,84224,102],{"class":101},[50,84226,478],{"class":64},[20,84228,353],{},[41,84230,84232],{"className":43,"code":84231,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"8\n[2, 3, 5, 8]\n",[15,84233,84234,84238],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,84235,84236],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,84237,2478],{"class":68},[50,84239,84240,84242,84244,84246,84248,84250,84252,84254,84256],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,84241,363],{"class":64},[50,84243,1564],{"class":68},[50,84245,72],{"class":64},[50,84247,500],{"class":68},[50,84249,72],{"class":64},[50,84251,375],{"class":68},[50,84253,72],{"class":64},[50,84255,299],{"class":68},[50,84257,83],{"class":64},[20,84259,920,84260,84262],{},[15,84261,82625],{}," when you only need the largest value.",[20,84264,920,84265,84269],{},[421,84266,84267],{"href":74577},[15,84268,17],{}," when you need all items in order.",[20,84271,84272,84273,425],{},"If you want the smallest item instead, compare this with ",[421,84274,84276],{"href":84275},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained\u002F",[15,84277,84278],{},"min()",[36,84280,1743],{"id":1742},[20,84282,84283],{},"Beginners often run into these problems:",[158,84285,84286,84293,84296,84301,84304],{},[161,84287,1767,84288,84290,84291],{},[15,84289,82625],{}," on an empty list without ",[15,84292,82980],{},[161,84294,84295],{},"Mixing incompatible types like integers and strings",[161,84297,8532,84298,84300],{},[15,84299,82625],{}," to return all large items instead of one item",[161,84302,84303],{},"Forgetting that strings are compared alphabetically",[161,84305,914,84306,84308],{},[15,84307,82980],{}," with multiple separate arguments",[20,84310,11188],{},[41,84312,84314],{"className":43,"code":84313,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(items)\nprint(type(items))\nprint(len(items))\nprint(max(items))\nprint(max(items, default=None))\nprint([type(x) for x in items])\n",[15,84315,84316,84326,84340,84354,84368,84390],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,84317,84318,84320,84322,84324],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,84319,118],{"class":94},[50,84321,98],{"class":64},[50,84323,7888],{"class":101},[50,84325,105],{"class":64},[50,84327,84328,84330,84332,84334,84336,84338],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,84329,118],{"class":94},[50,84331,98],{"class":64},[50,84333,558],{"class":557},[50,84335,98],{"class":64},[50,84337,7888],{"class":101},[50,84339,478],{"class":64},[50,84341,84342,84344,84346,84348,84350,84352],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,84343,118],{"class":94},[50,84345,98],{"class":64},[50,84347,1267],{"class":94},[50,84349,98],{"class":64},[50,84351,7888],{"class":101},[50,84353,478],{"class":64},[50,84355,84356,84358,84360,84362,84364,84366],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,84357,118],{"class":94},[50,84359,98],{"class":64},[50,84361,82684],{"class":94},[50,84363,98],{"class":64},[50,84365,7888],{"class":101},[50,84367,478],{"class":64},[50,84369,84370,84372,84374,84376,84378,84380,84382,84384,84386,84388],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,84371,118],{"class":94},[50,84373,98],{"class":64},[50,84375,82684],{"class":94},[50,84377,98],{"class":64},[50,84379,7888],{"class":101},[50,84381,72],{"class":64},[50,84383,26592],{"class":201},[50,84385,61],{"class":60},[50,84387,208],{"class":207},[50,84389,478],{"class":64},[50,84391,84392,84394,84396,84398,84400,84402,84404,84406,84408,84410,84412],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,84393,118],{"class":94},[50,84395,1792],{"class":64},[50,84397,558],{"class":557},[50,84399,98],{"class":64},[50,84401,2273],{"class":101},[50,84403,126],{"class":64},[50,84405,3958],{"class":3957},[50,84407,3961],{"class":101},[50,84409,3964],{"class":3957},[50,84411,6043],{"class":101},[50,84413,3970],{"class":64},[20,84415,84416],{},"These are useful for checking:",[158,84418,84419,84424,84429,84432],{},[161,84420,84421,84422],{},"What is actually inside ",[15,84423,7888],{},[161,84425,79796,84426,84428],{},[15,84427,7888],{}," is a list or some other type",[161,84430,84431],{},"Whether the iterable is empty",[161,84433,84434],{},"Whether all items have compatible types",[20,84436,69408,84437,84440,84441,84443],{},[15,84438,84439],{},"print(max(items))"," if ",[15,84442,7888],{}," might be empty or contain mixed types, because that line can also raise an error.",[36,84445,1913],{"id":1912},[222,84447,1927,84449,5224],{"id":84448},"what-does-max-return-in-python",[15,84450,82625],{},[20,84452,84453],{},"It returns the largest item from an iterable or the largest of two or more values.",[222,84455,5248,84457,84459],{"id":84456},"can-max-work-with-strings",[15,84458,82625],{}," work with strings?",[20,84461,84462],{},"Yes. It compares strings using alphabetical order, based on character values.",[222,84464,71707],{"id":71706},[20,84466,84467,52564,84469,84471,84472,84474],{},[15,84468,82625],{},[15,84470,40773],{}," unless you use the ",[15,84473,82980],{}," argument with the iterable form.",[222,84476,84478,84479,1943],{"id":84477},"how-do-i-get-the-longest-string-with-max","How do I get the longest string with ",[15,84480,82625],{},[20,84482,920,84483,819],{},[15,84484,83532],{},[41,84486,84487],{"className":43,"code":83460,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,84488,84489,84521],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,84490,84491,84493,84495,84497,84499,84501,84503,84505,84507,84509,84511,84513,84515,84517,84519],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,84492,1040],{"class":56},[50,84494,61],{"class":60},[50,84496,65],{"class":64},[50,84498,811],{"class":604},[50,84500,37116],{"class":608},[50,84502,811],{"class":604},[50,84504,72],{"class":64},[50,84506,700],{"class":604},[50,84508,68387],{"class":608},[50,84510,811],{"class":604},[50,84512,72],{"class":64},[50,84514,700],{"class":604},[50,84516,58194],{"class":608},[50,84518,811],{"class":604},[50,84520,83],{"class":64},[50,84522,84523,84525,84527,84529,84531,84533,84535,84537,84539,84541],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,84524,118],{"class":94},[50,84526,98],{"class":64},[50,84528,82684],{"class":94},[50,84530,98],{"class":64},[50,84532,1088],{"class":101},[50,84534,72],{"class":64},[50,84536,202],{"class":201},[50,84538,61],{"class":60},[50,84540,1267],{"class":94},[50,84542,478],{"class":64},[222,84544,5258,84546,4472,84548,1943],{"id":84545},"what-is-the-difference-between-max-and-sorted",[15,84547,82625],{},[15,84549,17],{},[20,84551,84552,84554,84555,84557],{},[15,84553,82625],{}," returns one largest item. ",[15,84556,17],{}," returns all items in order.",[36,84559,1975],{"id":1974},[158,84561,84562,84568,84574,84580,84584,84588],{},[161,84563,84564],{},[421,84565,84566,1461],{"href":84275},[15,84567,84278],{},[161,84569,84570],{},[421,84571,84572,1461],{"href":74577},[15,84573,17],{},[161,84575,84576],{},[421,84577,84578,1461],{"href":1458},[15,84579,1454],{},[161,84581,84582],{},[421,84583,59023],{"href":59022},[161,84585,84586],{},[421,84587,65900],{"href":72939},[161,84589,84590],{},[421,84591,84105],{"href":84104},[2018,84593,84594],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":84596},[84597,84598,84600,84601,84603,84605,84607,84612,84614,84622,84624,84625,84636],{"id":2104,"depth":86,"text":2105},{"id":82815,"depth":86,"text":84599},"What max() does",{"id":180,"depth":86,"text":181},{"id":82984,"depth":86,"text":84602},"Using max() with a list of numbers",{"id":83154,"depth":86,"text":84604},"Using max() with separate values",{"id":83289,"depth":86,"text":84606},"Using max() with strings",{"id":78751,"depth":86,"text":79944,"children":84608},[84609,84610,84611],{"id":83456,"depth":108,"text":83457},{"id":83545,"depth":108,"text":83546},{"id":83627,"depth":108,"text":83628},{"id":83734,"depth":86,"text":84613},"Using the default argument",{"id":48056,"depth":86,"text":48057,"children":84615},[84616,84618,84620],{"id":83892,"depth":108,"text":84617},"ValueError with an empty iterable",{"id":84002,"depth":108,"text":84619},"TypeError when items cannot be compared",{"id":84108,"depth":108,"text":84621},"TypeError when called with no arguments",{"id":84138,"depth":86,"text":84623},"max() vs sorted()",{"id":1742,"depth":86,"text":1743},{"id":1912,"depth":86,"text":1913,"children":84626},[84627,84629,84631,84632,84634],{"id":84448,"depth":108,"text":84628},"What does max() return in Python?",{"id":84456,"depth":108,"text":84630},"Can max() work with strings?",{"id":71706,"depth":108,"text":71707},{"id":84477,"depth":108,"text":84633},"How do I get the longest string with max()?",{"id":84545,"depth":108,"text":84635},"What is the difference between max() and sorted()?",{"id":1974,"depth":86,"text":1975},"Master python max function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained",{"title":82617,"description":84637},"reference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained","hvpxLEK57awlwmwmUnkeI93490TdK4SLeAU63KWEzvc",{"id":84644,"title":84645,"body":84646,"description":86599,"extension":2064,"meta":86600,"navigation":111,"path":86601,"seo":86602,"stem":86603,"__hash__":86604},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained.md","Python min() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":84647,"toc":86556},[84648,84653,84658,84664,84666,84740,84742,84755,84760,84765,84781,84785,84790,84866,84872,84875,84918,84920,84928,84934,84937,84968,84970,84978,84984,84989,85048,85050,85059,85062,85072,85078,85083,85118,85120,85128,85134,85140,85145,85189,85191,85200,85203,85243,85245,85254,85257,85269,85274,85279,85330,85332,85341,85344,85395,85397,85406,85409,85416,85422,85427,85429,85444,85448,85508,85510,85519,85523,85695,85697,85734,85741,85747,85750,85777,85779,85800,85805,85840,85842,85850,85853,85856,85872,85877,85879,85883,85889,85893,85920,85923,85933,85973,85977,85980,86023,86025,86034,86037,86042,86111,86113,86121,86126,86130,86133,86184,86186,86194,86197,86260,86262,86270,86273,86278,86282,86295,86302,86310,86312,86314,86344,86350,86451,86461,86463,86468,86471,86476,86479,86481,86489,86496,86504,86511,86519,86521,86553],[10,84649,13,84651,18],{"id":84650},"python-min-function-explained",[15,84652,84278],{},[20,84654,84655,84657],{},[15,84656,84278],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns the smallest item. You can use it with a single iterable, like a list or tuple, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[20,84659,84660,84661,84663],{},"This page explains what ",[15,84662,84278],{}," does, its main syntax forms, and the common mistakes beginners make when using it.",[36,84665,2105],{"id":2104},[41,84667,84669],{"className":43,"code":84668,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n\nprint(min(5, 2, 9, 1))\n",[15,84670,84671,84695,84710,84714],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,84672,84673,84675,84677,84679,84681,84683,84685,84687,84689,84691,84693],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,84674,57],{"class":56},[50,84676,61],{"class":60},[50,84678,65],{"class":64},[50,84680,290],{"class":68},[50,84682,72],{"class":64},[50,84684,80],{"class":68},[50,84686,72],{"class":64},[50,84688,54205],{"class":68},[50,84690,72],{"class":64},[50,84692,75],{"class":68},[50,84694,83],{"class":64},[50,84696,84697,84699,84701,84704,84706,84708],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,84698,118],{"class":94},[50,84700,98],{"class":64},[50,84702,84703],{"class":94},"min",[50,84705,98],{"class":64},[50,84707,102],{"class":101},[50,84709,478],{"class":64},[50,84711,84712],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,84713,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,84715,84716,84718,84720,84722,84724,84726,84728,84730,84732,84734,84736,84738],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,84717,118],{"class":94},[50,84719,98],{"class":64},[50,84721,84703],{"class":94},[50,84723,98],{"class":64},[50,84725,290],{"class":68},[50,84727,72],{"class":64},[50,84729,80],{"class":68},[50,84731,72],{"class":64},[50,84733,54205],{"class":68},[50,84735,72],{"class":64},[50,84737,75],{"class":68},[50,84739,478],{"class":64},[20,84741,353],{},[41,84743,84745],{"className":43,"code":84744,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"1\n1\n",[15,84746,84747,84751],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,84748,84749],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,84750,46987],{"class":68},[50,84752,84753],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,84754,46987],{"class":68},[20,84756,920,84757,84759],{},[15,84758,84278],{}," with one iterable like a list, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[36,84761,153,84763,156],{"id":84762},"what-min-does",[15,84764,84278],{},[158,84766,84767,84772,84775,84778],{},[161,84768,84769,84771],{},[15,84770,84278],{}," returns the smallest item",[161,84773,84774],{},"It can compare numbers, strings, and other comparable values",[161,84776,84777],{},"It is a built-in Python function",[161,84779,84780],{},"This page explains the function itself, not task-based use cases",[36,84782,84784],{"id":84783},"main-syntax-forms","Main syntax forms",[20,84786,84787,84788,819],{},"Here are the main ways to use ",[15,84789,84278],{},[41,84791,84793],{"className":43,"code":84792,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"min(iterable)\nmin(value1, value2, value3, ...)\nmin(iterable, key=...)\nmin(iterable, default=...)\n",[15,84794,84795,84805,84830,84848],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,84796,84797,84799,84801,84803],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,84798,84703],{"class":94},[50,84800,98],{"class":64},[50,84802,196],{"class":101},[50,84804,105],{"class":64},[50,84806,84807,84809,84811,84814,84816,84819,84821,84824,84826,84828],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,84808,84703],{"class":94},[50,84810,98],{"class":64},[50,84812,84813],{"class":101},"value1",[50,84815,72],{"class":64},[50,84817,84818],{"class":101}," value2",[50,84820,72],{"class":64},[50,84822,84823],{"class":101}," value3",[50,84825,72],{"class":64},[50,84827,34525],{"class":94},[50,84829,105],{"class":64},[50,84831,84832,84834,84836,84838,84840,84842,84844,84846],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,84833,84703],{"class":94},[50,84835,98],{"class":64},[50,84837,196],{"class":101},[50,84839,72],{"class":64},[50,84841,202],{"class":201},[50,84843,61],{"class":60},[50,84845,37440],{"class":94},[50,84847,105],{"class":64},[50,84849,84850,84852,84854,84856,84858,84860,84862,84864],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,84851,84703],{"class":94},[50,84853,98],{"class":64},[50,84855,196],{"class":101},[50,84857,72],{"class":64},[50,84859,26592],{"class":201},[50,84861,61],{"class":60},[50,84863,37440],{"class":94},[50,84865,105],{"class":64},[222,84867,84869],{"id":84868},"miniterable",[15,84870,84871],{},"min(iterable)",[20,84873,84874],{},"Use this form when you have one collection of values.",[41,84876,84878],{"className":43,"code":84877,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [8, 3, 12, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,84879,84880,84904],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,84881,84882,84884,84886,84888,84890,84892,84894,84896,84898,84900,84902],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,84883,57],{"class":56},[50,84885,61],{"class":60},[50,84887,65],{"class":64},[50,84889,2442],{"class":68},[50,84891,72],{"class":64},[50,84893,500],{"class":68},[50,84895,72],{"class":64},[50,84897,31012],{"class":68},[50,84899,72],{"class":64},[50,84901,75],{"class":68},[50,84903,83],{"class":64},[50,84905,84906,84908,84910,84912,84914,84916],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,84907,118],{"class":94},[50,84909,98],{"class":64},[50,84911,84703],{"class":94},[50,84913,98],{"class":64},[50,84915,102],{"class":101},[50,84917,478],{"class":64},[20,84919,353],{},[41,84921,84922],{"className":43,"code":46987,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,84923,84924],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,84925,84926],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,84927,46987],{"class":68},[222,84929,84931],{"id":84930},"minvalue1-value2-value3",[15,84932,84933],{},"min(value1, value2, value3, ...)",[20,84935,84936],{},"Use this form when you want to compare separate values directly.",[41,84938,84940],{"className":43,"code":84939,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(min(8, 3, 12, 1))\n",[15,84941,84942],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,84943,84944,84946,84948,84950,84952,84954,84956,84958,84960,84962,84964,84966],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,84945,118],{"class":94},[50,84947,98],{"class":64},[50,84949,84703],{"class":94},[50,84951,98],{"class":64},[50,84953,2442],{"class":68},[50,84955,72],{"class":64},[50,84957,500],{"class":68},[50,84959,72],{"class":64},[50,84961,31012],{"class":68},[50,84963,72],{"class":64},[50,84965,75],{"class":68},[50,84967,478],{"class":64},[20,84969,353],{},[41,84971,84972],{"className":43,"code":46987,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,84973,84974],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,84975,84976],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,84977,46987],{"class":68},[222,84979,84981],{"id":84980},"miniterable-key",[15,84982,84983],{},"min(iterable, key=...)",[20,84985,920,84986,84988],{},[15,84987,237],{}," when you want Python to compare items using a custom rule.",[41,84990,84992],{"className":43,"code":84991,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"pear\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,84993,84994,85026],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,84995,84996,84998,85000,85002,85004,85006,85008,85010,85012,85014,85016,85018,85020,85022,85024],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,84997,1040],{"class":56},[50,84999,61],{"class":60},[50,85001,65],{"class":64},[50,85003,811],{"class":604},[50,85005,1212],{"class":608},[50,85007,811],{"class":604},[50,85009,72],{"class":64},[50,85011,700],{"class":604},[50,85013,1238],{"class":608},[50,85015,811],{"class":604},[50,85017,72],{"class":64},[50,85019,700],{"class":604},[50,85021,1058],{"class":608},[50,85023,811],{"class":604},[50,85025,83],{"class":64},[50,85027,85028,85030,85032,85034,85036,85038,85040,85042,85044,85046],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,85029,118],{"class":94},[50,85031,98],{"class":64},[50,85033,84703],{"class":94},[50,85035,98],{"class":64},[50,85037,1088],{"class":101},[50,85039,72],{"class":64},[50,85041,202],{"class":201},[50,85043,61],{"class":60},[50,85045,1267],{"class":94},[50,85047,478],{"class":64},[20,85049,353],{},[41,85051,85053],{"className":43,"code":85052,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"kiwi\n",[15,85054,85055],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,85056,85057],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,85058,85052],{"class":56},[20,85060,85061],{},"Python compares the lengths of the strings, but it returns the original item, not the length.",[20,85063,85064,85065,85067,85068,425],{},"If you are not familiar with ",[15,85066,1454],{},", see the ",[421,85069,85070,1461],{"href":1458},[15,85071,1454],{},[222,85073,85075],{"id":85074},"miniterable-default",[15,85076,85077],{},"min(iterable, default=...)",[20,85079,920,85080,85082],{},[15,85081,82980],{}," when the iterable might be empty.",[41,85084,85086],{"className":43,"code":85085,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,85087,85088,85096],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,85089,85090,85092,85094],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,85091,57],{"class":56},[50,85093,61],{"class":60},[50,85095,7917],{"class":64},[50,85097,85098,85100,85102,85104,85106,85108,85110,85112,85114,85116],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,85099,118],{"class":94},[50,85101,98],{"class":64},[50,85103,84703],{"class":94},[50,85105,98],{"class":64},[50,85107,102],{"class":101},[50,85109,72],{"class":64},[50,85111,26592],{"class":201},[50,85113,61],{"class":60},[50,85115,2220],{"class":68},[50,85117,478],{"class":64},[20,85119,353],{},[41,85121,85122],{"className":43,"code":47322,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,85123,85124],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,85125,85126],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,85127,47322],{"class":68},[20,85129,85130,85131,85133],{},"This avoids a ",[15,85132,40773],{}," when there is no item to return.",[36,85135,914,85137,85139],{"id":85136},"using-min-with-numbers",[15,85138,84278],{}," with numbers",[20,85141,85142,85144],{},[15,85143,84278],{}," works with integers and floats. It returns the lowest numeric value.",[41,85146,85148],{"className":43,"code":85147,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"scores = [88, 72, 95, 60]\nprint(min(scores))\n",[15,85149,85150,85175],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,85151,85152,85154,85156,85158,85160,85162,85165,85167,85169,85171,85173],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,85153,5143],{"class":56},[50,85155,61],{"class":60},[50,85157,65],{"class":64},[50,85159,51574],{"class":68},[50,85161,72],{"class":64},[50,85163,85164],{"class":68}," 72",[50,85166,72],{"class":64},[50,85168,28976],{"class":68},[50,85170,72],{"class":64},[50,85172,76154],{"class":68},[50,85174,83],{"class":64},[50,85176,85177,85179,85181,85183,85185,85187],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,85178,118],{"class":94},[50,85180,98],{"class":64},[50,85182,84703],{"class":94},[50,85184,98],{"class":64},[50,85186,16460],{"class":101},[50,85188,478],{"class":64},[20,85190,353],{},[41,85192,85194],{"className":43,"code":85193,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"60\n",[15,85195,85196],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,85197,85198],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,85199,85193],{"class":68},[20,85201,85202],{},"It also works with decimal values:",[41,85204,85206],{"className":43,"code":85205,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"prices = [19.99, 5.49, 12.75]\nprint(min(prices))\n",[15,85207,85208,85229],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,85209,85210,85212,85214,85216,85218,85220,85223,85225,85227],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,85211,83092],{"class":56},[50,85213,61],{"class":60},[50,85215,65],{"class":64},[50,85217,40467],{"class":68},[50,85219,72],{"class":64},[50,85221,85222],{"class":68}," 5.49",[50,85224,72],{"class":64},[50,85226,83108],{"class":68},[50,85228,83],{"class":64},[50,85230,85231,85233,85235,85237,85239,85241],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,85232,118],{"class":94},[50,85234,98],{"class":64},[50,85236,84703],{"class":94},[50,85238,98],{"class":64},[50,85240,83128],{"class":101},[50,85242,478],{"class":64},[20,85244,353],{},[41,85246,85248],{"className":43,"code":85247,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"5.49\n",[15,85249,85250],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,85251,85252],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,85253,85247],{"class":68},[20,85255,85256],{},"This is useful for things like:",[158,85258,85259,85261,85263,85266],{},[161,85260,16460],{},[161,85262,83128],{},[161,85264,85265],{},"measurements",[161,85267,85268],{},"ages",[36,85270,914,85272,47129],{"id":85271},"using-min-with-strings",[15,85273,84278],{},[20,85275,85276,85278],{},[15,85277,84278],{}," can also compare strings. It uses character order, which is similar to alphabetical order.",[41,85280,85282],{"className":43,"code":85281,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85283,85284,85316],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,85285,85286,85288,85290,85292,85294,85296,85298,85300,85302,85304,85306,85308,85310,85312,85314],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,85287,1040],{"class":56},[50,85289,61],{"class":60},[50,85291,65],{"class":64},[50,85293,811],{"class":604},[50,85295,1058],{"class":608},[50,85297,811],{"class":604},[50,85299,72],{"class":64},[50,85301,700],{"class":604},[50,85303,1049],{"class":608},[50,85305,811],{"class":604},[50,85307,72],{"class":64},[50,85309,700],{"class":604},[50,85311,1067],{"class":608},[50,85313,811],{"class":604},[50,85315,83],{"class":64},[50,85317,85318,85320,85322,85324,85326,85328],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,85319,118],{"class":94},[50,85321,98],{"class":64},[50,85323,84703],{"class":94},[50,85325,98],{"class":64},[50,85327,1088],{"class":101},[50,85329,478],{"class":64},[20,85331,353],{},[41,85333,85335],{"className":43,"code":85334,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"apple\n",[15,85336,85337],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,85338,85339],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,85340,85334],{"class":56},[20,85342,85343],{},"Be careful with uppercase and lowercase letters. They are not treated the same.",[41,85345,85347],{"className":43,"code":85346,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85348,85349,85381],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,85350,85351,85353,85355,85357,85359,85361,85363,85365,85367,85369,85371,85373,85375,85377,85379],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,85352,1040],{"class":56},[50,85354,61],{"class":60},[50,85356,65],{"class":64},[50,85358,811],{"class":604},[50,85360,1058],{"class":608},[50,85362,811],{"class":604},[50,85364,72],{"class":64},[50,85366,700],{"class":604},[50,85368,57835],{"class":608},[50,85370,811],{"class":604},[50,85372,72],{"class":64},[50,85374,700],{"class":604},[50,85376,1067],{"class":608},[50,85378,811],{"class":604},[50,85380,83],{"class":64},[50,85382,85383,85385,85387,85389,85391,85393],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,85384,118],{"class":94},[50,85386,98],{"class":64},[50,85388,84703],{"class":94},[50,85390,98],{"class":64},[50,85392,1088],{"class":101},[50,85394,478],{"class":64},[20,85396,353],{},[41,85398,85400],{"className":43,"code":85399,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Apple\n",[15,85401,85402],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,85403,85404],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,85405,85399],{"class":56},[20,85407,85408],{},"This may look surprising at first. Python compares characters by their internal order, so mixed letter case can change the result.",[20,85410,85411,85412,425],{},"If you need all items in order instead of just the smallest one, see ",[421,85413,85414,1523],{"href":74577},[15,85415,17],{},[36,85417,914,85419,85421],{"id":85418},"using-min-with-a-key-function",[15,85420,84278],{}," with a key function",[20,85423,1185,85424,85426],{},[15,85425,237],{}," argument changes how items are compared.",[20,85428,11534],{},[158,85430,85431,85436,85441],{},[161,85432,85433,85435],{},[15,85434,237],{}," changes the comparison rule",[161,85437,85438,85440],{},[15,85439,84278],{}," still returns the original item",[161,85442,85443],{},"This is useful for custom comparisons",[222,85445,85447],{"id":85446},"find-the-shortest-string","Find the shortest string",[41,85449,85451],{"className":43,"code":85450,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"elephant\", \"cat\", \"giraffe\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,85452,85453,85486],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,85454,85455,85457,85459,85461,85463,85465,85467,85469,85471,85473,85475,85477,85479,85482,85484],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,85456,1040],{"class":56},[50,85458,61],{"class":60},[50,85460,65],{"class":64},[50,85462,811],{"class":604},[50,85464,68387],{"class":608},[50,85466,811],{"class":604},[50,85468,72],{"class":64},[50,85470,700],{"class":604},[50,85472,37116],{"class":608},[50,85474,811],{"class":604},[50,85476,72],{"class":64},[50,85478,700],{"class":604},[50,85480,85481],{"class":608},"giraffe",[50,85483,811],{"class":604},[50,85485,83],{"class":64},[50,85487,85488,85490,85492,85494,85496,85498,85500,85502,85504,85506],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,85489,118],{"class":94},[50,85491,98],{"class":64},[50,85493,84703],{"class":94},[50,85495,98],{"class":64},[50,85497,1088],{"class":101},[50,85499,72],{"class":64},[50,85501,202],{"class":201},[50,85503,61],{"class":60},[50,85505,1267],{"class":94},[50,85507,478],{"class":64},[20,85509,353],{},[41,85511,85513],{"className":43,"code":85512,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"cat\n",[15,85514,85515],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,85516,85517],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,85518,85512],{"class":56},[222,85520,85522],{"id":85521},"find-the-dictionary-with-the-smallest-value","Find the dictionary with the smallest value",[41,85524,85526],{"className":43,"code":85525,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"students = [\n    {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"score\": 85},\n    {\"name\": \"Ben\", \"score\": 72},\n    {\"name\": \"Cara\", \"score\": 90}\n]\n\nlowest = min(students, key=lambda student: student[\"score\"])\nprint(lowest)\n",[15,85527,85528,85538,85573,85605,85637,85641,85645,85684],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,85529,85530,85533,85535],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,85531,85532],{"class":56},"students ",[50,85534,61],{"class":60},[50,85536,85537],{"class":64}," [\n",[50,85539,85540,85543,85545,85547,85549,85551,85553,85555,85557,85559,85561,85564,85566,85568,85570],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,85541,85542],{"class":64},"    {",[50,85544,811],{"class":604},[50,85546,814],{"class":608},[50,85548,811],{"class":604},[50,85550,819],{"class":64},[50,85552,700],{"class":604},[50,85554,824],{"class":608},[50,85556,811],{"class":604},[50,85558,72],{"class":64},[50,85560,700],{"class":604},[50,85562,85563],{"class":608},"score",[50,85565,811],{"class":604},[50,85567,819],{"class":64},[50,85569,13580],{"class":68},[50,85571,85572],{"class":64},"},\n",[50,85574,85575,85577,85579,85581,85583,85585,85587,85589,85591,85593,85595,85597,85599,85601,85603],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,85576,85542],{"class":64},[50,85578,811],{"class":604},[50,85580,814],{"class":608},[50,85582,811],{"class":604},[50,85584,819],{"class":64},[50,85586,700],{"class":604},[50,85588,36010],{"class":608},[50,85590,811],{"class":604},[50,85592,72],{"class":64},[50,85594,700],{"class":604},[50,85596,85563],{"class":608},[50,85598,811],{"class":604},[50,85600,819],{"class":64},[50,85602,85164],{"class":68},[50,85604,85572],{"class":64},[50,85606,85607,85609,85611,85613,85615,85617,85619,85621,85623,85625,85627,85629,85631,85633,85635],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,85608,85542],{"class":64},[50,85610,811],{"class":604},[50,85612,814],{"class":608},[50,85614,811],{"class":604},[50,85616,819],{"class":64},[50,85618,700],{"class":604},[50,85620,36019],{"class":608},[50,85622,811],{"class":604},[50,85624,72],{"class":64},[50,85626,700],{"class":604},[50,85628,85563],{"class":608},[50,85630,811],{"class":604},[50,85632,819],{"class":64},[50,85634,19968],{"class":68},[50,85636,645],{"class":64},[50,85638,85639],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,85640,83],{"class":64},[50,85642,85643],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,85644,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,85646,85647,85650,85652,85655,85657,85660,85662,85664,85666,85668,85670,85672,85674,85676,85678,85680,85682],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,85648,85649],{"class":56},"lowest ",[50,85651,61],{"class":60},[50,85653,85654],{"class":94}," min",[50,85656,98],{"class":64},[50,85658,85659],{"class":101},"students",[50,85661,72],{"class":64},[50,85663,202],{"class":201},[50,85665,61],{"class":60},[50,85667,37729],{"class":600},[50,85669,12979],{"class":37732},[50,85671,819],{"class":64},[50,85673,12979],{"class":101},[50,85675,363],{"class":64},[50,85677,811],{"class":604},[50,85679,85563],{"class":608},[50,85681,811],{"class":604},[50,85683,3970],{"class":64},[50,85685,85686,85688,85690,85693],{"class":52,"line":6503},[50,85687,118],{"class":94},[50,85689,98],{"class":64},[50,85691,85692],{"class":101},"lowest",[50,85694,105],{"class":64},[20,85696,353],{},[41,85698,85700],{"className":43,"code":85699,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'name': 'Ben', 'score': 72}\n",[15,85701,85702],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,85703,85704,85706,85708,85710,85712,85714,85716,85718,85720,85722,85724,85726,85728,85730,85732],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,85705,9357],{"class":64},[50,85707,611],{"class":604},[50,85709,814],{"class":608},[50,85711,611],{"class":604},[50,85713,819],{"class":64},[50,85715,605],{"class":604},[50,85717,36010],{"class":608},[50,85719,611],{"class":604},[50,85721,72],{"class":64},[50,85723,605],{"class":604},[50,85725,85563],{"class":608},[50,85727,611],{"class":604},[50,85729,819],{"class":64},[50,85731,85164],{"class":68},[50,85733,645],{"class":64},[20,85735,85736,85737,85740],{},"Here, Python compares the ",[15,85738,85739],{},"\"score\""," values, but it returns the full dictionary.",[36,85742,914,85744,85746],{"id":85743},"using-default-with-empty-iterables",[15,85745,82980],{}," with empty iterables",[20,85748,85749],{},"An empty iterable has no smallest item, so this causes an error:",[41,85751,85753],{"className":43,"code":85752,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,85754,85755,85763],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,85756,85757,85759,85761],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,85758,57],{"class":56},[50,85760,61],{"class":60},[50,85762,7917],{"class":64},[50,85764,85765,85767,85769,85771,85773,85775],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,85766,118],{"class":94},[50,85768,98],{"class":64},[50,85770,84703],{"class":94},[50,85772,98],{"class":64},[50,85774,102],{"class":101},[50,85776,478],{"class":64},[20,85778,353],{},[41,85780,85782],{"className":43,"code":85781,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"ValueError: min() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,85783,85784],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,85785,85786,85788,85790,85792,85794,85796,85798],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,85787,40773],{"class":557},[50,85789,819],{"class":64},[50,85791,85654],{"class":94},[50,85793,7445],{"class":64},[50,85795,83949],{"class":56},[50,85797,12268],{"class":60},[50,85799,83954],{"class":56},[20,85801,85802,85803,819],{},"To avoid that, use ",[15,85804,82980],{},[41,85806,85808],{"className":43,"code":85807,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,85809,85810,85818],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,85811,85812,85814,85816],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,85813,57],{"class":56},[50,85815,61],{"class":60},[50,85817,7917],{"class":64},[50,85819,85820,85822,85824,85826,85828,85830,85832,85834,85836,85838],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,85821,118],{"class":94},[50,85823,98],{"class":64},[50,85825,84703],{"class":94},[50,85827,98],{"class":64},[50,85829,102],{"class":101},[50,85831,72],{"class":64},[50,85833,26592],{"class":201},[50,85835,61],{"class":60},[50,85837,208],{"class":207},[50,85839,478],{"class":64},[20,85841,353],{},[41,85843,85844],{"className":43,"code":11882,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,85845,85846],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,85847,85848],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,85849,11882],{"class":207},[20,85851,85852],{},"This is helpful when your list may be empty and you want a safe fallback value.",[20,85854,85855],{},"Remember:",[158,85857,85858,85866],{},[161,85859,85860,85862,85863,85865],{},[15,85861,82980],{}," works only when ",[15,85864,84278],{}," gets one iterable argument",[161,85867,85868,85869],{},"It does not work with ",[15,85870,85871],{},"min(3, 5, default=0)",[20,85873,85874,85875,425],{},"If you want help with this error, see ",[421,85876,65900],{"href":72939},[36,85878,10820],{"id":10819},[20,85880,56843,85881,425],{},[15,85882,84278],{},[222,85884,85886,85887],{"id":85885},"empty-list-without-default","Empty list without ",[15,85888,82980],{},[20,85890,3097,85891,819],{},[15,85892,40773],{},[41,85894,85896],{"className":43,"code":85895,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = []\nprint(min(items))\n",[15,85897,85898,85906],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,85899,85900,85902,85904],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,85901,7859],{"class":56},[50,85903,61],{"class":60},[50,85905,7917],{"class":64},[50,85907,85908,85910,85912,85914,85916,85918],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,85909,118],{"class":94},[50,85911,98],{"class":64},[50,85913,84703],{"class":94},[50,85915,98],{"class":64},[50,85917,7888],{"class":101},[50,85919,478],{"class":64},[20,85921,85922],{},"Fix it by:",[158,85924,85925,85928],{},[161,85926,85927],{},"checking that the iterable is not empty first",[161,85929,85930,85931],{},"or using ",[15,85932,82980],{},[41,85934,85936],{"className":43,"code":85935,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = []\nprint(min(items, default=\"no items\"))\n",[15,85937,85938,85946],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,85939,85940,85942,85944],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,85941,7859],{"class":56},[50,85943,61],{"class":60},[50,85945,7917],{"class":64},[50,85947,85948,85950,85952,85954,85956,85958,85960,85962,85964,85966,85969,85971],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,85949,118],{"class":94},[50,85951,98],{"class":64},[50,85953,84703],{"class":94},[50,85955,98],{"class":64},[50,85957,7888],{"class":101},[50,85959,72],{"class":64},[50,85961,26592],{"class":201},[50,85963,61],{"class":60},[50,85965,811],{"class":604},[50,85967,85968],{"class":608},"no items",[50,85970,811],{"class":604},[50,85972,478],{"class":64},[222,85974,85976],{"id":85975},"mixed-types","Mixed types",[20,85978,85979],{},"In Python 3, values must usually be comparable to each other. This often fails:",[41,85981,85983],{"className":43,"code":85982,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nprint(min(data))\n",[15,85984,85985,86009],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,85986,85987,85989,85991,85993,85995,85997,85999,86001,86003,86005,86007],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,85988,9246],{"class":56},[50,85990,61],{"class":60},[50,85992,65],{"class":64},[50,85994,1618],{"class":68},[50,85996,72],{"class":64},[50,85998,700],{"class":604},[50,86000,15826],{"class":608},[50,86002,811],{"class":604},[50,86004,72],{"class":64},[50,86006,375],{"class":68},[50,86008,83],{"class":64},[50,86010,86011,86013,86015,86017,86019,86021],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,86012,118],{"class":94},[50,86014,98],{"class":64},[50,86016,84703],{"class":94},[50,86018,98],{"class":64},[50,86020,9284],{"class":101},[50,86022,478],{"class":64},[20,86024,353],{},[41,86026,86028],{"className":43,"code":86027,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"TypeError\n",[15,86029,86030],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,86031,86032],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,86033,86027],{"class":557},[20,86035,86036],{},"That happens because Python cannot directly compare integers and strings here.",[20,86038,86039,86040,425],{},"A simple fix is to convert everything to the same type before calling ",[15,86041,84278],{},[41,86043,86045],{"className":43,"code":86044,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nnumbers = [int(x) for x in data]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,86046,86047,86071,86097],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,86048,86049,86051,86053,86055,86057,86059,86061,86063,86065,86067,86069],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,86050,9246],{"class":56},[50,86052,61],{"class":60},[50,86054,65],{"class":64},[50,86056,1618],{"class":68},[50,86058,72],{"class":64},[50,86060,700],{"class":604},[50,86062,15826],{"class":608},[50,86064,811],{"class":604},[50,86066,72],{"class":64},[50,86068,375],{"class":68},[50,86070,83],{"class":64},[50,86072,86073,86075,86077,86079,86081,86083,86085,86087,86089,86091,86093,86095],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,86074,57],{"class":56},[50,86076,61],{"class":60},[50,86078,65],{"class":64},[50,86080,2288],{"class":557},[50,86082,98],{"class":64},[50,86084,2273],{"class":101},[50,86086,126],{"class":64},[50,86088,3958],{"class":3957},[50,86090,3961],{"class":56},[50,86092,3964],{"class":3957},[50,86094,14639],{"class":56},[50,86096,83],{"class":64},[50,86098,86099,86101,86103,86105,86107,86109],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,86100,118],{"class":94},[50,86102,98],{"class":64},[50,86104,84703],{"class":94},[50,86106,98],{"class":64},[50,86108,102],{"class":101},[50,86110,478],{"class":64},[20,86112,353],{},[41,86114,86115],{"className":43,"code":3044,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,86116,86117],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,86118,86119],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,86120,3044],{"class":68},[20,86122,86123,86124,425],{},"For more help with type-related problems, see this guide to ",[15,86125,1542],{},[222,86127,86129],{"id":86128},"string-comparisons-may-not-match-your-expectation","String comparisons may not match your expectation",[20,86131,86132],{},"If strings have mixed uppercase and lowercase letters, the result may not match normal dictionary order.",[41,86134,86136],{"className":43,"code":86135,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,86137,86138,86170],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,86139,86140,86142,86144,86146,86148,86150,86152,86154,86156,86158,86160,86162,86164,86166,86168],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,86141,1040],{"class":56},[50,86143,61],{"class":60},[50,86145,65],{"class":64},[50,86147,811],{"class":604},[50,86149,79605],{"class":608},[50,86151,811],{"class":604},[50,86153,72],{"class":64},[50,86155,700],{"class":604},[50,86157,57835],{"class":608},[50,86159,811],{"class":604},[50,86161,72],{"class":64},[50,86163,700],{"class":604},[50,86165,79622],{"class":608},[50,86167,811],{"class":604},[50,86169,83],{"class":64},[50,86171,86172,86174,86176,86178,86180,86182],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,86173,118],{"class":94},[50,86175,98],{"class":64},[50,86177,84703],{"class":94},[50,86179,98],{"class":64},[50,86181,1088],{"class":101},[50,86183,478],{"class":64},[20,86185,353],{},[41,86187,86188],{"className":43,"code":85399,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,86189,86190],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,86191,86192],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,86193,85399],{"class":56},[20,86195,86196],{},"If needed, compare them in lowercase:",[41,86198,86200],{"className":43,"code":86199,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,86201,86202,86234],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,86203,86204,86206,86208,86210,86212,86214,86216,86218,86220,86222,86224,86226,86228,86230,86232],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,86205,1040],{"class":56},[50,86207,61],{"class":60},[50,86209,65],{"class":64},[50,86211,811],{"class":604},[50,86213,79605],{"class":608},[50,86215,811],{"class":604},[50,86217,72],{"class":64},[50,86219,700],{"class":604},[50,86221,57835],{"class":608},[50,86223,811],{"class":604},[50,86225,72],{"class":64},[50,86227,700],{"class":604},[50,86229,79622],{"class":608},[50,86231,811],{"class":604},[50,86233,83],{"class":64},[50,86235,86236,86238,86240,86242,86244,86246,86248,86250,86252,86254,86256,86258],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,86237,118],{"class":94},[50,86239,98],{"class":64},[50,86241,84703],{"class":94},[50,86243,98],{"class":64},[50,86245,1088],{"class":101},[50,86247,72],{"class":64},[50,86249,202],{"class":201},[50,86251,61],{"class":60},[50,86253,1395],{"class":557},[50,86255,425],{"class":64},[50,86257,1401],{"class":1400},[50,86259,478],{"class":64},[20,86261,353],{},[41,86263,86264],{"className":43,"code":85399,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,86265,86266],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,86267,86268],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,86269,85399],{"class":56},[20,86271,86272],{},"Here Python compares using lowercase versions, but still returns the original string.",[36,86274,5040,86276],{"id":86275},"when-to-use-min",[15,86277,84278],{},[20,86279,920,86280,1504],{},[15,86281,84278],{},[158,86283,86284,86287,86292],{},[161,86285,86286],{},"you need the smallest item quickly",[161,86288,86289,86290],{},"you want to compare values with a custom rule using ",[15,86291,237],{},[161,86293,86294],{},"you want one result, not a full sorted list",[20,86296,920,86297,86301],{},[421,86298,86299],{"href":74577},[15,86300,17],{}," if you need all items in order.",[20,86303,920,86304,86309],{},[421,86305,86307],{"href":86306},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained\u002F",[15,86308,82625],{}," if you want the largest item instead.",[36,86311,1743],{"id":1742},[20,86313,84283],{},[158,86315,86316,86324,86327,86332,86339],{},[161,86317,86318,86319,86321,86322],{},"Passing an empty list or tuple to ",[15,86320,84278],{}," without using ",[15,86323,82980],{},[161,86325,86326],{},"Mixing incompatible types such as integers and strings",[161,86328,8532,86329,86331],{},[15,86330,84278],{}," on strings to ignore uppercase and lowercase differences",[161,86333,1756,86334,86336,86337,85440],{},[15,86335,237],{}," affects comparison but ",[15,86338,84278],{},[161,86340,914,86341,86343],{},[15,86342,82980],{}," in the wrong syntax form with multiple separate arguments",[20,86345,86346,86347,86349],{},"If you are debugging code that uses ",[15,86348,84278],{},", these quick checks can help:",[41,86351,86353],{"className":43,"code":86352,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(len(data))\nprint(min(data))\nprint(min(data, default=None))\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,86354,86355,86369,86379,86393,86407,86429],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,86356,86357,86359,86361,86363,86365,86367],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,86358,118],{"class":94},[50,86360,98],{"class":64},[50,86362,558],{"class":557},[50,86364,98],{"class":64},[50,86366,9284],{"class":101},[50,86368,478],{"class":64},[50,86370,86371,86373,86375,86377],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,86372,118],{"class":94},[50,86374,98],{"class":64},[50,86376,9284],{"class":101},[50,86378,105],{"class":64},[50,86380,86381,86383,86385,86387,86389,86391],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,86382,118],{"class":94},[50,86384,98],{"class":64},[50,86386,1267],{"class":94},[50,86388,98],{"class":64},[50,86390,9284],{"class":101},[50,86392,478],{"class":64},[50,86394,86395,86397,86399,86401,86403,86405],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,86396,118],{"class":94},[50,86398,98],{"class":64},[50,86400,84703],{"class":94},[50,86402,98],{"class":64},[50,86404,9284],{"class":101},[50,86406,478],{"class":64},[50,86408,86409,86411,86413,86415,86417,86419,86421,86423,86425,86427],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,86410,118],{"class":94},[50,86412,98],{"class":64},[50,86414,84703],{"class":94},[50,86416,98],{"class":64},[50,86418,9284],{"class":101},[50,86420,72],{"class":64},[50,86422,26592],{"class":201},[50,86424,61],{"class":60},[50,86426,208],{"class":207},[50,86428,478],{"class":64},[50,86430,86431,86433,86435,86437,86439,86441,86443,86445,86447,86449],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,86432,118],{"class":94},[50,86434,98],{"class":64},[50,86436,84703],{"class":94},[50,86438,98],{"class":64},[50,86440,1088],{"class":101},[50,86442,72],{"class":64},[50,86444,202],{"class":201},[50,86446,61],{"class":60},[50,86448,1267],{"class":94},[50,86450,478],{"class":64},[20,86452,86453,86454,86457,86458,86460],{},"Use them carefully. For example, ",[15,86455,86456],{},"print(min(data))"," will still fail if ",[15,86459,9284],{}," is empty or contains incompatible types.",[36,86462,1913],{"id":1912},[222,86464,1927,86466,5224],{"id":86465},"what-does-min-return-in-python",[15,86467,84278],{},[20,86469,86470],{},"It returns the smallest item from an iterable, or the smallest value from multiple arguments.",[222,86472,5248,86474,84459],{"id":86473},"can-min-work-with-strings",[15,86475,84278],{},[20,86477,86478],{},"Yes. It compares strings using character order, which is similar to alphabetical order but affected by letter case.",[222,86480,71707],{"id":71706},[20,86482,86483,52564,86485,84471,86487,36690],{},[15,86484,84278],{},[15,86486,40773],{},[15,86488,82980],{},[222,86490,1927,86492,1954,86494,1943],{"id":86491},"what-does-key-do-in-min",[15,86493,237],{},[15,86495,84278],{},[20,86497,86498,86500,86501,86503],{},[15,86499,237],{}," tells Python how to compare items. For example, ",[15,86502,83532],{}," compares strings by length.",[222,86505,5258,86507,4472,86509,1943],{"id":86506},"what-is-the-difference-between-min-and-sorted",[15,86508,84278],{},[15,86510,17],{},[20,86512,86513,86515,86516,86518],{},[15,86514,84278],{}," returns only the smallest item. ",[15,86517,17],{}," returns a new sorted list of all items.",[36,86520,1975],{"id":1974},[158,86522,86523,86529,86535,86541,86545,86549],{},[161,86524,86525],{},[421,86526,86527,1461],{"href":86306},[15,86528,82625],{},[161,86530,86531],{},[421,86532,86533,1461],{"href":74577},[15,86534,17],{},[161,86536,86537],{},[421,86538,86539,1461],{"href":1458},[15,86540,1454],{},[161,86542,86543],{},[421,86544,1982],{"href":423},[161,86546,86547],{},[421,86548,59023],{"href":59022},[161,86550,86551],{},[421,86552,65900],{"href":72939},[2018,86554,86555],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":86557},[86558,86559,86561,86567,86569,86571,86576,86578,86584,86586,86587,86598],{"id":2104,"depth":86,"text":2105},{"id":84762,"depth":86,"text":86560},"What min() does",{"id":84783,"depth":86,"text":84784,"children":86562},[86563,86564,86565,86566],{"id":84868,"depth":108,"text":84871},{"id":84930,"depth":108,"text":84933},{"id":84980,"depth":108,"text":84983},{"id":85074,"depth":108,"text":85077},{"id":85136,"depth":86,"text":86568},"Using min() with numbers",{"id":85271,"depth":86,"text":86570},"Using min() with strings",{"id":85418,"depth":86,"text":86572,"children":86573},"Using min() with a key function",[86574,86575],{"id":85446,"depth":108,"text":85447},{"id":85521,"depth":108,"text":85522},{"id":85743,"depth":86,"text":86577},"Using default with empty iterables",{"id":10819,"depth":86,"text":10820,"children":86579},[86580,86582,86583],{"id":85885,"depth":108,"text":86581},"Empty list without default",{"id":85975,"depth":108,"text":85976},{"id":86128,"depth":108,"text":86129},{"id":86275,"depth":86,"text":86585},"When to use min()",{"id":1742,"depth":86,"text":1743},{"id":1912,"depth":86,"text":1913,"children":86588},[86589,86591,86593,86594,86596],{"id":86465,"depth":108,"text":86590},"What does min() return in Python?",{"id":86473,"depth":108,"text":86592},"Can min() work with strings?",{"id":71706,"depth":108,"text":71707},{"id":86491,"depth":108,"text":86595},"What does key do in min()?",{"id":86506,"depth":108,"text":86597},"What is the difference between min() and sorted()?",{"id":1974,"depth":86,"text":1975},"Master python min function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained",{"title":84645,"description":86599},"reference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained","VRpvwOyAjT3zttFenYN7xvkjWchE8ws8iWzCuhgc8Cs",{"id":86606,"title":86607,"body":86608,"description":88787,"extension":2064,"meta":88788,"navigation":111,"path":88789,"seo":88790,"stem":88791,"__hash__":88792},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained.md","Python open() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":86609,"toc":88751},[86610,86613,86619,86625,86627,86708,86717,86721,86726,86728,86773,86775,86855,86861,86863,86866,86898,86900,86918,86920,86993,86995,87014,87018,87021,87057,87059,87126,87200,87273,87278,87282,87288,87291,87308,87311,87313,87374,87376,87396,87402,87406,87409,87479,87482,87501,87506,87582,87585,87589,87595,87599,87604,87674,87678,87683,87757,87761,87764,87839,87850,87854,87859,87949,87954,88022,88025,88044,88055,88059,88062,88067,88070,88132,88135,88146,88151,88154,88157,88162,88165,88168,88172,88175,88181,88184,88195,88197,88259,88274,88280,88283,88286,88297,88308,88314,88317,88319,88381,88391,88397,88402,88408,88412,88418,88421,88442,88444,88449,88476,88479,88506,88509,88548,88551,88589,88592,88653,88656,88658,88662,88665,88669,88675,88683,88691,88695,88698,88702,88708,88710,88748],[10,86611,86607],{"id":86612},"python-open-function-explained",[20,86614,86615,86618],{},[15,86616,86617],{},"open()"," is the built-in Python function used to open a file so your program can read from it or write to it.",[20,86620,86621,86622,86624],{},"This page is a beginner-friendly reference for ",[15,86623,86617],{},". You will learn what it does, the most common arguments, what it returns, and how to use it safely when working with files.",[36,86626,2105],{"id":2104},[41,86628,86630],{"className":43,"code":86629,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    content = file.read()\n    print(content)\n",[15,86631,86632,86681,86697],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,86633,86634,86637,86640,86642,86644,86647,86649,86651,86653,86655,86657,86659,86662,86664,86666,86669,86671,86673,86675,86679],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,86635,86636],{"class":3957},"with",[50,86638,86639],{"class":94}," open",[50,86641,98],{"class":64},[50,86643,811],{"class":604},[50,86645,86646],{"class":608},"example.txt",[50,86648,811],{"class":604},[50,86650,72],{"class":64},[50,86652,700],{"class":604},[50,86654,60570],{"class":608},[50,86656,811],{"class":604},[50,86658,72],{"class":64},[50,86660,86661],{"class":201}," encoding",[50,86663,61],{"class":60},[50,86665,811],{"class":604},[50,86667,86668],{"class":608},"utf-8",[50,86670,811],{"class":604},[50,86672,126],{"class":64},[50,86674,47428],{"class":3957},[50,86676,86678],{"class":86677},"sMMDD"," file",[50,86680,6470],{"class":64},[50,86682,86683,86686,86688,86690,86692,86695],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,86684,86685],{"class":56},"    content ",[50,86687,61],{"class":60},[50,86689,86678],{"class":86677},[50,86691,425],{"class":64},[50,86693,86694],{"class":101},"read",[50,86696,8722],{"class":64},[50,86698,86699,86701,86703,86706],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,86700,8148],{"class":94},[50,86702,98],{"class":64},[50,86704,86705],{"class":101},"content",[50,86707,105],{"class":64},[20,86709,920,86710,86712,86713,86716],{},[15,86711,86636],{}," so the file closes automatically. ",[15,86714,86715],{},"\"r\""," means read mode.",[36,86718,86720],{"id":86719},"what-open-does","What open() does",[20,86722,86723,86725],{},[15,86724,86617],{}," opens a file and gives your program a way to work with it.",[20,86727,11534],{},[158,86729,86730,86733,86738,86743],{},[161,86731,86732],{},"It opens a file so your code can read from it or write to it",[161,86734,40975,86735,86737],{},[3824,86736,4709],{}," read or write anything by itself",[161,86739,17491,86740],{},[3824,86741,86742],{},"file object",[161,86744,86745,86746],{},"You use methods on that file object, such as:\n",[158,86747,86748,86753,86758,86763,86768],{},[161,86749,86750],{},[15,86751,86752],{},"read()",[161,86754,86755],{},[15,86756,86757],{},"readline()",[161,86759,86760],{},[15,86761,86762],{},"readlines()",[161,86764,86765],{},[15,86766,86767],{},"write()",[161,86769,86770],{},[15,86771,86772],{},"close()",[20,86774,1602],{},[41,86776,86778],{"className":43,"code":86777,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"file = open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\")\ncontent = file.read()\nprint(content)\nfile.close()\n",[15,86779,86780,86819,86834,86844],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,86781,86782,86785,86787,86789,86791,86793,86795,86797,86799,86801,86803,86805,86807,86809,86811,86813,86815,86817],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,86783,86784],{"class":86677},"file",[50,86786,13349],{"class":60},[50,86788,86639],{"class":94},[50,86790,98],{"class":64},[50,86792,811],{"class":604},[50,86794,86646],{"class":608},[50,86796,811],{"class":604},[50,86798,72],{"class":64},[50,86800,700],{"class":604},[50,86802,60570],{"class":608},[50,86804,811],{"class":604},[50,86806,72],{"class":64},[50,86808,86661],{"class":201},[50,86810,61],{"class":60},[50,86812,811],{"class":604},[50,86814,86668],{"class":608},[50,86816,811],{"class":604},[50,86818,105],{"class":64},[50,86820,86821,86824,86826,86828,86830,86832],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,86822,86823],{"class":56},"content ",[50,86825,61],{"class":60},[50,86827,86678],{"class":86677},[50,86829,425],{"class":64},[50,86831,86694],{"class":101},[50,86833,8722],{"class":64},[50,86835,86836,86838,86840,86842],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,86837,118],{"class":94},[50,86839,98],{"class":64},[50,86841,86705],{"class":101},[50,86843,105],{"class":64},[50,86845,86846,86848,86850,86853],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,86847,86784],{"class":86677},[50,86849,425],{"class":64},[50,86851,86852],{"class":101},"close",[50,86854,8722],{"class":64},[20,86856,86857,86858,86860],{},"This works, but in most cases you should use ",[15,86859,86636],{}," instead, because it closes the file for you automatically.",[36,86862,181],{"id":180},[20,86864,86865],{},"A common form is:",[41,86867,86869],{"className":43,"code":86868,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"open(file, mode, encoding=\"utf-8\")\n",[15,86870,86871],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,86872,86873,86875,86877,86879,86881,86884,86886,86888,86890,86892,86894,86896],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,86874,42495],{"class":94},[50,86876,98],{"class":64},[50,86878,86784],{"class":86677},[50,86880,72],{"class":64},[50,86882,86883],{"class":101}," mode",[50,86885,72],{"class":64},[50,86887,86661],{"class":201},[50,86889,61],{"class":60},[50,86891,811],{"class":604},[50,86893,86668],{"class":608},[50,86895,811],{"class":604},[50,86897,105],{"class":64},[20,86899,65106],{},[158,86901,86902,86907,86912],{},[161,86903,86904,86906],{},[15,86905,86784],{}," is the file name or file path",[161,86908,86909,86911],{},[15,86910,20988],{}," controls how the file is opened",[161,86913,86914,86917],{},[15,86915,86916],{},"encoding"," matters when you are working with text files",[20,86919,1602],{},[41,86921,86923],{"className":43,"code":86922,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"with open(\"notes.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    text = file.read()\n    print(text)\n",[15,86924,86925,86968,86983],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,86926,86927,86929,86931,86933,86935,86938,86940,86942,86944,86946,86948,86950,86952,86954,86956,86958,86960,86962,86964,86966],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,86928,86636],{"class":3957},[50,86930,86639],{"class":94},[50,86932,98],{"class":64},[50,86934,811],{"class":604},[50,86936,86937],{"class":608},"notes.txt",[50,86939,811],{"class":604},[50,86941,72],{"class":64},[50,86943,700],{"class":604},[50,86945,60570],{"class":608},[50,86947,811],{"class":604},[50,86949,72],{"class":64},[50,86951,86661],{"class":201},[50,86953,61],{"class":60},[50,86955,811],{"class":604},[50,86957,86668],{"class":608},[50,86959,811],{"class":604},[50,86961,126],{"class":64},[50,86963,47428],{"class":3957},[50,86965,86678],{"class":86677},[50,86967,6470],{"class":64},[50,86969,86970,86973,86975,86977,86979,86981],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,86971,86972],{"class":56},"    text ",[50,86974,61],{"class":60},[50,86976,86678],{"class":86677},[50,86978,425],{"class":64},[50,86980,86694],{"class":101},[50,86982,8722],{"class":64},[50,86984,86985,86987,86989,86991],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,86986,8148],{"class":94},[50,86988,98],{"class":64},[50,86990,718],{"class":101},[50,86992,105],{"class":64},[20,86994,20027],{},[158,86996,86997,87003,87008],{},[161,86998,86999,87002],{},[15,87000,87001],{},"\"notes.txt\""," is the file name",[161,87004,87005,87007],{},[15,87006,86715],{}," means open for reading",[161,87009,87010,87013],{},[15,87011,87012],{},"encoding=\"utf-8\""," tells Python how to decode the text",[36,87015,87017],{"id":87016},"common-file-modes","Common file modes",[20,87019,87020],{},"These are the modes beginners use most often:",[158,87022,87023,87028,87034,87039,87045,87051],{},[161,87024,87025,87027],{},[15,87026,86715],{}," = read a text file",[161,87029,87030,87033],{},[15,87031,87032],{},"\"w\""," = write a text file and replace existing content",[161,87035,87036,87038],{},[15,87037,18165],{}," = append text to the end of a file",[161,87040,87041,87044],{},[15,87042,87043],{},"\"x\""," = create a new file and fail if it already exists",[161,87046,87047,87050],{},[15,87048,87049],{},"\"rb\""," = read a binary file",[161,87052,87053,87056],{},[15,87054,87055],{},"\"wb\""," = write a binary file",[20,87058,2226],{},[41,87060,87062],{"className":43,"code":87061,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"# Read a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87063,87064,87069,87112],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,87065,87066],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,87067,87068],{"class":129},"# Read a text file\n",[50,87070,87071,87073,87075,87077,87079,87082,87084,87086,87088,87090,87092,87094,87096,87098,87100,87102,87104,87106,87108,87110],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,87072,86636],{"class":3957},[50,87074,86639],{"class":94},[50,87076,98],{"class":64},[50,87078,811],{"class":604},[50,87080,87081],{"class":608},"data.txt",[50,87083,811],{"class":604},[50,87085,72],{"class":64},[50,87087,700],{"class":604},[50,87089,60570],{"class":608},[50,87091,811],{"class":604},[50,87093,72],{"class":64},[50,87095,86661],{"class":201},[50,87097,61],{"class":60},[50,87099,811],{"class":604},[50,87101,86668],{"class":608},[50,87103,811],{"class":604},[50,87105,126],{"class":64},[50,87107,47428],{"class":3957},[50,87109,86678],{"class":86677},[50,87111,6470],{"class":64},[50,87113,87114,87116,87118,87120,87122,87124],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,87115,8148],{"class":94},[50,87117,98],{"class":64},[50,87119,86784],{"class":86677},[50,87121,425],{"class":64},[50,87123,86694],{"class":101},[50,87125,7273],{"class":64},[41,87127,87129],{"className":43,"code":87128,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Hello\\n\")\n",[15,87130,87131,87136,87178],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,87132,87133],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,87134,87135],{"class":129},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\n",[50,87137,87138,87140,87142,87144,87146,87148,87150,87152,87154,87156,87158,87160,87162,87164,87166,87168,87170,87172,87174,87176],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,87139,86636],{"class":3957},[50,87141,86639],{"class":94},[50,87143,98],{"class":64},[50,87145,811],{"class":604},[50,87147,87081],{"class":608},[50,87149,811],{"class":604},[50,87151,72],{"class":64},[50,87153,700],{"class":604},[50,87155,60553],{"class":608},[50,87157,811],{"class":604},[50,87159,72],{"class":64},[50,87161,86661],{"class":201},[50,87163,61],{"class":60},[50,87165,811],{"class":604},[50,87167,86668],{"class":608},[50,87169,811],{"class":604},[50,87171,126],{"class":64},[50,87173,47428],{"class":3957},[50,87175,86678],{"class":86677},[50,87177,6470],{"class":64},[50,87179,87180,87183,87185,87187,87189,87191,87193,87196,87198],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,87181,87182],{"class":86677},"    file",[50,87184,425],{"class":64},[50,87186,70256],{"class":101},[50,87188,98],{"class":64},[50,87190,811],{"class":604},[50,87192,34937],{"class":608},[50,87194,87195],{"class":34524},"\\n",[50,87197,811],{"class":604},[50,87199,105],{"class":64},[41,87201,87203],{"className":43,"code":87202,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"# Append to a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Another line\\n\")\n",[15,87204,87205,87210,87252],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,87206,87207],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,87208,87209],{"class":129},"# Append to a text file\n",[50,87211,87212,87214,87216,87218,87220,87222,87224,87226,87228,87230,87232,87234,87236,87238,87240,87242,87244,87246,87248,87250],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,87213,86636],{"class":3957},[50,87215,86639],{"class":94},[50,87217,98],{"class":64},[50,87219,811],{"class":604},[50,87221,87081],{"class":608},[50,87223,811],{"class":604},[50,87225,72],{"class":64},[50,87227,700],{"class":604},[50,87229,421],{"class":608},[50,87231,811],{"class":604},[50,87233,72],{"class":64},[50,87235,86661],{"class":201},[50,87237,61],{"class":60},[50,87239,811],{"class":604},[50,87241,86668],{"class":608},[50,87243,811],{"class":604},[50,87245,126],{"class":64},[50,87247,47428],{"class":3957},[50,87249,86678],{"class":86677},[50,87251,6470],{"class":64},[50,87253,87254,87256,87258,87260,87262,87264,87267,87269,87271],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,87255,87182],{"class":86677},[50,87257,425],{"class":64},[50,87259,70256],{"class":101},[50,87261,98],{"class":64},[50,87263,811],{"class":604},[50,87265,87266],{"class":608},"Another line",[50,87268,87195],{"class":34524},[50,87270,811],{"class":604},[50,87272,105],{"class":64},[20,87274,69408,87275,87277],{},[15,87276,87032],{}," mode. If the file already exists, its old contents are removed.",[36,87279,87281],{"id":87280},"what-open-returns","What open() returns",[20,87283,87284,22044,87286,425],{},[15,87285,86617],{},[3824,87287,86742],{},[20,87289,87290],{},"A file object is the thing you actually use to work with the file. It gives you methods like:",[158,87292,87293,87298,87303],{},[161,87294,87295],{},[15,87296,87297],{},"file.read()",[161,87299,87300],{},[15,87301,87302],{},"file.write()",[161,87304,87305],{},[15,87306,87307],{},"file.close()",[20,87309,87310],{},"It also keeps track of the current position in the file.",[20,87312,1602],{},[41,87314,87316],{"className":43,"code":87315,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(type(file))\n",[15,87317,87318,87360],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,87319,87320,87322,87324,87326,87328,87330,87332,87334,87336,87338,87340,87342,87344,87346,87348,87350,87352,87354,87356,87358],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,87321,86636],{"class":3957},[50,87323,86639],{"class":94},[50,87325,98],{"class":64},[50,87327,811],{"class":604},[50,87329,86646],{"class":608},[50,87331,811],{"class":604},[50,87333,72],{"class":64},[50,87335,700],{"class":604},[50,87337,60570],{"class":608},[50,87339,811],{"class":604},[50,87341,72],{"class":64},[50,87343,86661],{"class":201},[50,87345,61],{"class":60},[50,87347,811],{"class":604},[50,87349,86668],{"class":608},[50,87351,811],{"class":604},[50,87353,126],{"class":64},[50,87355,47428],{"class":3957},[50,87357,86678],{"class":86677},[50,87359,6470],{"class":64},[50,87361,87362,87364,87366,87368,87370,87372],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,87363,8148],{"class":94},[50,87365,98],{"class":64},[50,87367,558],{"class":557},[50,87369,98],{"class":64},[50,87371,86784],{"class":86677},[50,87373,478],{"class":64},[20,87375,30098],{},[41,87377,87379],{"className":43,"code":87378,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"\u003Cclass '_io.TextIOWrapper'>\n",[15,87380,87381],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,87382,87383,87385,87387,87389,87392,87394],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,87384,597],{"class":60},[50,87386,601],{"class":600},[50,87388,605],{"class":604},[50,87390,87391],{"class":608},"_io.TextIOWrapper",[50,87393,611],{"class":604},[50,87395,614],{"class":60},[20,87397,87398,87399,87401],{},"You do not need to memorize that type name. The important idea is that ",[15,87400,86617],{}," gives you an object that knows how to interact with the file.",[36,87403,87405],{"id":87404},"why-beginners-should-use-with","Why beginners should use with",[20,87407,87408],{},"Beginners should usually write file code like this:",[41,87410,87411],{"className":43,"code":86629,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,87412,87413,87455,87469],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,87414,87415,87417,87419,87421,87423,87425,87427,87429,87431,87433,87435,87437,87439,87441,87443,87445,87447,87449,87451,87453],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,87416,86636],{"class":3957},[50,87418,86639],{"class":94},[50,87420,98],{"class":64},[50,87422,811],{"class":604},[50,87424,86646],{"class":608},[50,87426,811],{"class":604},[50,87428,72],{"class":64},[50,87430,700],{"class":604},[50,87432,60570],{"class":608},[50,87434,811],{"class":604},[50,87436,72],{"class":64},[50,87438,86661],{"class":201},[50,87440,61],{"class":60},[50,87442,811],{"class":604},[50,87444,86668],{"class":608},[50,87446,811],{"class":604},[50,87448,126],{"class":64},[50,87450,47428],{"class":3957},[50,87452,86678],{"class":86677},[50,87454,6470],{"class":64},[50,87456,87457,87459,87461,87463,87465,87467],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,87458,86685],{"class":56},[50,87460,61],{"class":60},[50,87462,86678],{"class":86677},[50,87464,425],{"class":64},[50,87466,86694],{"class":101},[50,87468,8722],{"class":64},[50,87470,87471,87473,87475,87477],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,87472,8148],{"class":94},[50,87474,98],{"class":64},[50,87476,86705],{"class":101},[50,87478,105],{"class":64},[20,87480,87481],{},"Why this is recommended:",[158,87483,87484,87489,87495,87498],{},[161,87485,87486,87488],{},[15,87487,86636],{}," automatically closes the file when the block ends",[161,87490,87491,87492,87494],{},"It is safer than calling ",[15,87493,86772],{}," yourself",[161,87496,87497],{},"It helps prevent bugs caused by leaving files open",[161,87499,87500],{},"It is the standard pattern you will see in most Python code",[20,87502,83795,87503,87505],{},[15,87504,86636],{},", you must remember to close the file yourself:",[41,87507,87508],{"className":43,"code":86777,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,87509,87510,87548,87562,87572],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,87511,87512,87514,87516,87518,87520,87522,87524,87526,87528,87530,87532,87534,87536,87538,87540,87542,87544,87546],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,87513,86784],{"class":86677},[50,87515,13349],{"class":60},[50,87517,86639],{"class":94},[50,87519,98],{"class":64},[50,87521,811],{"class":604},[50,87523,86646],{"class":608},[50,87525,811],{"class":604},[50,87527,72],{"class":64},[50,87529,700],{"class":604},[50,87531,60570],{"class":608},[50,87533,811],{"class":604},[50,87535,72],{"class":64},[50,87537,86661],{"class":201},[50,87539,61],{"class":60},[50,87541,811],{"class":604},[50,87543,86668],{"class":608},[50,87545,811],{"class":604},[50,87547,105],{"class":64},[50,87549,87550,87552,87554,87556,87558,87560],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,87551,86823],{"class":56},[50,87553,61],{"class":60},[50,87555,86678],{"class":86677},[50,87557,425],{"class":64},[50,87559,86694],{"class":101},[50,87561,8722],{"class":64},[50,87563,87564,87566,87568,87570],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,87565,118],{"class":94},[50,87567,98],{"class":64},[50,87569,86705],{"class":101},[50,87571,105],{"class":64},[50,87573,87574,87576,87578,87580],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,87575,86784],{"class":86677},[50,87577,425],{"class":64},[50,87579,86852],{"class":101},[50,87581,8722],{"class":64},[20,87583,87584],{},"That version is easier to get wrong.",[36,87586,87588],{"id":87587},"reading-text-with-open","Reading text with open()",[20,87590,87591,87592,87594],{},"Use mode ",[15,87593,86715],{}," when you want to read a text file.",[222,87596,87598],{"id":87597},"read-the-whole-file","Read the whole file",[20,87600,87601,87603],{},[15,87602,86752],{}," returns the full contents as one string.",[41,87605,87606],{"className":43,"code":86629,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,87607,87608,87650,87664],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,87609,87610,87612,87614,87616,87618,87620,87622,87624,87626,87628,87630,87632,87634,87636,87638,87640,87642,87644,87646,87648],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,87611,86636],{"class":3957},[50,87613,86639],{"class":94},[50,87615,98],{"class":64},[50,87617,811],{"class":604},[50,87619,86646],{"class":608},[50,87621,811],{"class":604},[50,87623,72],{"class":64},[50,87625,700],{"class":604},[50,87627,60570],{"class":608},[50,87629,811],{"class":604},[50,87631,72],{"class":64},[50,87633,86661],{"class":201},[50,87635,61],{"class":60},[50,87637,811],{"class":604},[50,87639,86668],{"class":608},[50,87641,811],{"class":604},[50,87643,126],{"class":64},[50,87645,47428],{"class":3957},[50,87647,86678],{"class":86677},[50,87649,6470],{"class":64},[50,87651,87652,87654,87656,87658,87660,87662],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,87653,86685],{"class":56},[50,87655,61],{"class":60},[50,87657,86678],{"class":86677},[50,87659,425],{"class":64},[50,87661,86694],{"class":101},[50,87663,8722],{"class":64},[50,87665,87666,87668,87670,87672],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,87667,8148],{"class":94},[50,87669,98],{"class":64},[50,87671,86705],{"class":101},[50,87673,105],{"class":64},[222,87675,87677],{"id":87676},"read-one-line","Read one line",[20,87679,87680,87682],{},[15,87681,86757],{}," reads one line at a time.",[41,87684,87686],{"className":43,"code":87685,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    first_line = file.readline()\n    print(first_line)\n",[15,87687,87688,87730,87746],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,87689,87690,87692,87694,87696,87698,87700,87702,87704,87706,87708,87710,87712,87714,87716,87718,87720,87722,87724,87726,87728],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,87691,86636],{"class":3957},[50,87693,86639],{"class":94},[50,87695,98],{"class":64},[50,87697,811],{"class":604},[50,87699,86646],{"class":608},[50,87701,811],{"class":604},[50,87703,72],{"class":64},[50,87705,700],{"class":604},[50,87707,60570],{"class":608},[50,87709,811],{"class":604},[50,87711,72],{"class":64},[50,87713,86661],{"class":201},[50,87715,61],{"class":60},[50,87717,811],{"class":604},[50,87719,86668],{"class":608},[50,87721,811],{"class":604},[50,87723,126],{"class":64},[50,87725,47428],{"class":3957},[50,87727,86678],{"class":86677},[50,87729,6470],{"class":64},[50,87731,87732,87735,87737,87739,87741,87744],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,87733,87734],{"class":56},"    first_line ",[50,87736,61],{"class":60},[50,87738,86678],{"class":86677},[50,87740,425],{"class":64},[50,87742,87743],{"class":101},"readline",[50,87745,8722],{"class":64},[50,87747,87748,87750,87752,87755],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,87749,8148],{"class":94},[50,87751,98],{"class":64},[50,87753,87754],{"class":101},"first_line",[50,87756,105],{"class":64},[222,87758,87760],{"id":87759},"loop-over-the-file-line-by-line","Loop over the file line by line",[20,87762,87763],{},"This is often the best choice for larger files.",[41,87765,87767],{"className":43,"code":87766,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    for line in file:\n        print(line.strip())\n",[15,87768,87769,87811,87825],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,87770,87771,87773,87775,87777,87779,87781,87783,87785,87787,87789,87791,87793,87795,87797,87799,87801,87803,87805,87807,87809],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,87772,86636],{"class":3957},[50,87774,86639],{"class":94},[50,87776,98],{"class":64},[50,87778,811],{"class":604},[50,87780,86646],{"class":608},[50,87782,811],{"class":604},[50,87784,72],{"class":64},[50,87786,700],{"class":604},[50,87788,60570],{"class":608},[50,87790,811],{"class":604},[50,87792,72],{"class":64},[50,87794,86661],{"class":201},[50,87796,61],{"class":60},[50,87798,811],{"class":604},[50,87800,86668],{"class":608},[50,87802,811],{"class":604},[50,87804,126],{"class":64},[50,87806,47428],{"class":3957},[50,87808,86678],{"class":86677},[50,87810,6470],{"class":64},[50,87812,87813,87816,87819,87821,87823],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,87814,87815],{"class":3957},"    for",[50,87817,87818],{"class":56}," line ",[50,87820,3964],{"class":3957},[50,87822,86678],{"class":86677},[50,87824,6470],{"class":64},[50,87826,87827,87829,87831,87833,87835,87837],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,87828,47408],{"class":94},[50,87830,98],{"class":64},[50,87832,52],{"class":101},[50,87834,425],{"class":64},[50,87836,8714],{"class":101},[50,87838,7273],{"class":64},[20,87840,87841,87842,2976,87846,425],{},"If you want a full beginner walkthrough, see ",[421,87843,87845],{"href":87844},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File in Python",[421,87847,87849],{"href":87848},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-line-by-line-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File Line by Line in Python",[36,87851,87853],{"id":87852},"writing-text-with-open","Writing text with open()",[20,87855,920,87856,87858],{},[15,87857,87032],{}," to create a file or overwrite an existing file.",[41,87860,87862],{"className":43,"code":87861,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"First line\\n\")\n    file.write(\"Second line\\n\")\n",[15,87863,87864,87907,87928],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,87865,87866,87868,87870,87872,87874,87877,87879,87881,87883,87885,87887,87889,87891,87893,87895,87897,87899,87901,87903,87905],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,87867,86636],{"class":3957},[50,87869,86639],{"class":94},[50,87871,98],{"class":64},[50,87873,811],{"class":604},[50,87875,87876],{"class":608},"output.txt",[50,87878,811],{"class":604},[50,87880,72],{"class":64},[50,87882,700],{"class":604},[50,87884,60553],{"class":608},[50,87886,811],{"class":604},[50,87888,72],{"class":64},[50,87890,86661],{"class":201},[50,87892,61],{"class":60},[50,87894,811],{"class":604},[50,87896,86668],{"class":608},[50,87898,811],{"class":604},[50,87900,126],{"class":64},[50,87902,47428],{"class":3957},[50,87904,86678],{"class":86677},[50,87906,6470],{"class":64},[50,87908,87909,87911,87913,87915,87917,87919,87922,87924,87926],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,87910,87182],{"class":86677},[50,87912,425],{"class":64},[50,87914,70256],{"class":101},[50,87916,98],{"class":64},[50,87918,811],{"class":604},[50,87920,87921],{"class":608},"First line",[50,87923,87195],{"class":34524},[50,87925,811],{"class":604},[50,87927,105],{"class":64},[50,87929,87930,87932,87934,87936,87938,87940,87943,87945,87947],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,87931,87182],{"class":86677},[50,87933,425],{"class":64},[50,87935,70256],{"class":101},[50,87937,98],{"class":64},[50,87939,811],{"class":604},[50,87941,87942],{"class":608},"Second line",[50,87944,87195],{"class":34524},[50,87946,811],{"class":604},[50,87948,105],{"class":64},[20,87950,920,87951,87953],{},[15,87952,18165],{}," if you want to add content without deleting what is already there.",[41,87955,87957],{"className":43,"code":87956,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Third line\\n\")\n",[15,87958,87959,88001],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,87960,87961,87963,87965,87967,87969,87971,87973,87975,87977,87979,87981,87983,87985,87987,87989,87991,87993,87995,87997,87999],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,87962,86636],{"class":3957},[50,87964,86639],{"class":94},[50,87966,98],{"class":64},[50,87968,811],{"class":604},[50,87970,87876],{"class":608},[50,87972,811],{"class":604},[50,87974,72],{"class":64},[50,87976,700],{"class":604},[50,87978,421],{"class":608},[50,87980,811],{"class":604},[50,87982,72],{"class":64},[50,87984,86661],{"class":201},[50,87986,61],{"class":60},[50,87988,811],{"class":604},[50,87990,86668],{"class":608},[50,87992,811],{"class":604},[50,87994,126],{"class":64},[50,87996,47428],{"class":3957},[50,87998,86678],{"class":86677},[50,88000,6470],{"class":64},[50,88002,88003,88005,88007,88009,88011,88013,88016,88018,88020],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,88004,87182],{"class":86677},[50,88006,425],{"class":64},[50,88008,70256],{"class":101},[50,88010,98],{"class":64},[50,88012,811],{"class":604},[50,88014,88015],{"class":608},"Third line",[50,88017,87195],{"class":34524},[50,88019,811],{"class":604},[50,88021,105],{"class":64},[20,88023,88024],{},"Important detail:",[158,88026,88027,88032,88039],{},[161,88028,88029,88031],{},[15,88030,86767],{}," writes a string",[161,88033,88034,14126,88036,88038],{},[15,88035,86767],{},[3824,88037,4709],{}," add a newline for you",[161,88040,88041,88042,87494],{},"If you want a new line, include ",[15,88043,87195],{},[20,88045,88046,88047,2976,88051,425],{},"If your goal is a full task rather than a function reference, see ",[421,88048,88050],{"href":88049},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-write-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Write to a File in Python",[421,88052,88054],{"href":88053},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-append-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Append to a File in Python",[36,88056,88058],{"id":88057},"important-arguments-beginners-should-know","Important arguments beginners should know",[20,88060,88061],{},"A few arguments matter more than others when starting out.",[222,88063,88065],{"id":88064},"encodingutf-8",[15,88066,87012],{},[20,88068,88069],{},"For text files, this is a good default.",[41,88071,88073],{"className":43,"code":88072,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"with open(\"message.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88074,88075,88118],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,88076,88077,88079,88081,88083,88085,88088,88090,88092,88094,88096,88098,88100,88102,88104,88106,88108,88110,88112,88114,88116],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,88078,86636],{"class":3957},[50,88080,86639],{"class":94},[50,88082,98],{"class":64},[50,88084,811],{"class":604},[50,88086,88087],{"class":608},"message.txt",[50,88089,811],{"class":604},[50,88091,72],{"class":64},[50,88093,700],{"class":604},[50,88095,60570],{"class":608},[50,88097,811],{"class":604},[50,88099,72],{"class":64},[50,88101,86661],{"class":201},[50,88103,61],{"class":60},[50,88105,811],{"class":604},[50,88107,86668],{"class":608},[50,88109,811],{"class":604},[50,88111,126],{"class":64},[50,88113,47428],{"class":3957},[50,88115,86678],{"class":86677},[50,88117,6470],{"class":64},[50,88119,88120,88122,88124,88126,88128,88130],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,88121,8148],{"class":94},[50,88123,98],{"class":64},[50,88125,86784],{"class":86677},[50,88127,425],{"class":64},[50,88129,86694],{"class":101},[50,88131,7273],{"class":64},[20,88133,88134],{},"Why it matters:",[158,88136,88137,88140,88143],{},[161,88138,88139],{},"It helps Python read text correctly",[161,88141,88142],{},"It avoids some text decoding problems",[161,88144,88145],{},"It makes your code more consistent across systems",[222,88147,88149],{"id":88148},"newline",[15,88150,88148],{},[20,88152,88153],{},"This is mostly useful when writing CSV files or when you need exact control over line endings.",[20,88155,88156],{},"Beginners usually do not need it for normal text files.",[222,88158,88160],{"id":88159},"buffering",[15,88161,88159],{},[20,88163,88164],{},"This is an advanced argument.",[20,88166,88167],{},"Most beginners can ignore it and use the default.",[36,88169,88171],{"id":88170},"common-errors-when-using-open","Common errors when using open()",[20,88173,88174],{},"Here are some common file-related errors you may see.",[222,88176,88178],{"id":88177},"filenotfounderror",[15,88179,88180],{},"FileNotFoundError",[20,88182,88183],{},"This happens when:",[158,88185,88186,88189,88192],{},[161,88187,88188],{},"the file does not exist",[161,88190,88191],{},"the path is wrong",[161,88193,88194],{},"your program is running from a different folder than you expect",[20,88196,1602],{},[41,88198,88200],{"className":43,"code":88199,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"with open(\"missing.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88201,88202,88245],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,88203,88204,88206,88208,88210,88212,88215,88217,88219,88221,88223,88225,88227,88229,88231,88233,88235,88237,88239,88241,88243],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,88205,86636],{"class":3957},[50,88207,86639],{"class":94},[50,88209,98],{"class":64},[50,88211,811],{"class":604},[50,88213,88214],{"class":608},"missing.txt",[50,88216,811],{"class":604},[50,88218,72],{"class":64},[50,88220,700],{"class":604},[50,88222,60570],{"class":608},[50,88224,811],{"class":604},[50,88226,72],{"class":64},[50,88228,86661],{"class":201},[50,88230,61],{"class":60},[50,88232,811],{"class":604},[50,88234,86668],{"class":608},[50,88236,811],{"class":604},[50,88238,126],{"class":64},[50,88240,47428],{"class":3957},[50,88242,86678],{"class":86677},[50,88244,6470],{"class":64},[50,88246,88247,88249,88251,88253,88255,88257],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,88248,8148],{"class":94},[50,88250,98],{"class":64},[50,88252,86784],{"class":86677},[50,88254,425],{"class":64},[50,88256,86694],{"class":101},[50,88258,7273],{"class":64},[20,88260,88261,88262,4472,88270,425],{},"If you are stuck, see ",[421,88263,88265,88266,88269],{"href":88264},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ffilenotfounderror-errno-2-no-such-file-or-directory-fix\u002F","FileNotFoundError: ",[50,88267,88268],{},"Errno 2"," No such file or directory",[421,88271,88273],{"href":88272},"\u002Flearn\u002Fworking-with-file-paths-in-python\u002F","Working with File Paths in Python",[222,88275,88277],{"id":88276},"permissionerror",[15,88278,88279],{},"PermissionError",[20,88281,88282],{},"This happens when Python does not have permission to access the file.",[20,88284,88285],{},"Example causes:",[158,88287,88288,88291,88294],{},[161,88289,88290],{},"the file is protected",[161,88292,88293],{},"you are trying to write somewhere you should not",[161,88295,88296],{},"another program is blocking access",[20,88298,88299,88300],{},"Related page: ",[421,88301,88303,88304,88307],{"href":88302},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fpermissionerror-errno-13-permission-denied-fix\u002F","PermissionError: ",[50,88305,88306],{},"Errno 13"," Permission denied",[222,88309,88311],{"id":88310},"isadirectoryerror",[15,88312,88313],{},"IsADirectoryError",[20,88315,88316],{},"This happens when you pass a folder path instead of a file path.",[20,88318,1602],{},[41,88320,88322],{"className":43,"code":88321,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"with open(\"my_folder\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88323,88324,88367],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,88325,88326,88328,88330,88332,88334,88337,88339,88341,88343,88345,88347,88349,88351,88353,88355,88357,88359,88361,88363,88365],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,88327,86636],{"class":3957},[50,88329,86639],{"class":94},[50,88331,98],{"class":64},[50,88333,811],{"class":604},[50,88335,88336],{"class":608},"my_folder",[50,88338,811],{"class":604},[50,88340,72],{"class":64},[50,88342,700],{"class":604},[50,88344,60570],{"class":608},[50,88346,811],{"class":604},[50,88348,72],{"class":64},[50,88350,86661],{"class":201},[50,88352,61],{"class":60},[50,88354,811],{"class":604},[50,88356,86668],{"class":608},[50,88358,811],{"class":604},[50,88360,126],{"class":64},[50,88362,47428],{"class":3957},[50,88364,86678],{"class":86677},[50,88366,6470],{"class":64},[50,88368,88369,88371,88373,88375,88377,88379],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,88370,8148],{"class":94},[50,88372,98],{"class":64},[50,88374,86784],{"class":86677},[50,88376,425],{"class":64},[50,88378,86694],{"class":101},[50,88380,7273],{"class":64},[20,88382,88299,88383],{},[421,88384,88386,88387,88390],{"href":88385},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fisadirectoryerror-errno-21-is-a-directory-fix\u002F","IsADirectoryError: ",[50,88388,88389],{},"Errno 21"," Is a directory",[222,88392,88394],{"id":88393},"unicodedecodeerror",[15,88395,88396],{},"UnicodeDecodeError",[20,88398,88399,88400,425],{},"This can happen when the file's real encoding does not match the encoding you used in ",[15,88401,86617],{},[20,88403,88299,88404],{},[421,88405,88407],{"href":88406},"\u002Ferrors\u002Funicodedecodeerror-utf-8-codec-cant-decode-byte-fix\u002F","UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte",[36,88409,88411],{"id":88410},"when-to-use-other-pages","When to use other pages",[20,88413,88414,88415,88417],{},"This page is a reference for the ",[15,88416,86617],{}," function.",[20,88419,88420],{},"Use other pages when you need something more specific:",[158,88422,88423,88426,88429,88435],{},[161,88424,88425],{},"Use a how-to page for a full task, such as reading a file line by line",[161,88427,88428],{},"Use an error page when you already have a specific exception to fix",[161,88430,88431,88432,88434],{},"Use a path page when the real problem is the file location, not ",[15,88433,86617],{}," itself",[161,88436,88437,88438],{},"For a broader introduction, see ",[421,88439,88441],{"href":88440},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-file-handling-basics-read-and-write\u002F","Python File Handling Basics: Read and Write",[36,88443,1743],{"id":1742},[20,88445,88446,88447,819],{},"These are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,88448,86617],{},[158,88450,88451,88456,88462,88467,88470,88473],{},[161,88452,914,88453,88455],{},[15,88454,86715],{}," mode on a file that does not exist",[161,88457,88458,88459,88461],{},"Forgetting to use ",[15,88460,86916],{}," for text files",[161,88463,914,88464,88466],{},[15,88465,87032],{}," and accidentally deleting old content",[161,88468,88469],{},"Trying to read from a file opened in write mode",[161,88471,88472],{},"Passing a folder path instead of a file path",[161,88474,88475],{},"Using a relative path from the wrong working directory",[20,88477,88478],{},"If you are not sure what Python is trying to open, these quick checks can help:",[41,88480,88482],{"className":43,"code":88481,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"import os\nprint(os.getcwd())\n",[15,88483,88484,88491],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,88485,88486,88488],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,88487,35161],{"class":3957},[50,88489,88490],{"class":56}," os\n",[50,88492,88493,88495,88497,88499,88501,88504],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,88494,118],{"class":94},[50,88496,98],{"class":64},[50,88498,42694],{"class":101},[50,88500,425],{"class":64},[50,88502,88503],{"class":101},"getcwd",[50,88505,7273],{"class":64},[20,88507,88508],{},"This shows the current working directory.",[41,88510,88512],{"className":43,"code":88511,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"import os\nprint(os.path.exists(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,88513,88514,88520],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,88515,88516,88518],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,88517,35161],{"class":3957},[50,88519,88490],{"class":56},[50,88521,88522,88524,88526,88528,88530,88533,88535,88538,88540,88542,88544,88546],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,88523,118],{"class":94},[50,88525,98],{"class":64},[50,88527,42694],{"class":101},[50,88529,425],{"class":64},[50,88531,88532],{"class":1400},"path",[50,88534,425],{"class":64},[50,88536,88537],{"class":101},"exists",[50,88539,98],{"class":64},[50,88541,811],{"class":604},[50,88543,86646],{"class":608},[50,88545,811],{"class":604},[50,88547,478],{"class":64},[20,88549,88550],{},"This checks whether the path exists.",[41,88552,88554],{"className":43,"code":88553,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"import os\nprint(os.path.isfile(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,88555,88556,88562],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,88557,88558,88560],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,88559,35161],{"class":3957},[50,88561,88490],{"class":56},[50,88563,88564,88566,88568,88570,88572,88574,88576,88579,88581,88583,88585,88587],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,88565,118],{"class":94},[50,88567,98],{"class":64},[50,88569,42694],{"class":101},[50,88571,425],{"class":64},[50,88573,88532],{"class":1400},[50,88575,425],{"class":64},[50,88577,88578],{"class":101},"isfile",[50,88580,98],{"class":64},[50,88582,811],{"class":604},[50,88584,86646],{"class":608},[50,88586,811],{"class":604},[50,88588,478],{"class":64},[20,88590,88591],{},"This checks whether the path is a file.",[41,88593,88595],{"className":43,"code":88594,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88596,88597,88639],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,88598,88599,88601,88603,88605,88607,88609,88611,88613,88615,88617,88619,88621,88623,88625,88627,88629,88631,88633,88635,88637],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,88600,86636],{"class":3957},[50,88602,86639],{"class":94},[50,88604,98],{"class":64},[50,88606,811],{"class":604},[50,88608,86646],{"class":608},[50,88610,811],{"class":604},[50,88612,72],{"class":64},[50,88614,700],{"class":604},[50,88616,60570],{"class":608},[50,88618,811],{"class":604},[50,88620,72],{"class":64},[50,88622,86661],{"class":201},[50,88624,61],{"class":60},[50,88626,811],{"class":604},[50,88628,86668],{"class":608},[50,88630,811],{"class":604},[50,88632,126],{"class":64},[50,88634,47428],{"class":3957},[50,88636,86678],{"class":86677},[50,88638,6470],{"class":64},[50,88640,88641,88643,88645,88647,88649,88651],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,88642,8148],{"class":94},[50,88644,98],{"class":64},[50,88646,86784],{"class":86677},[50,88648,425],{"class":64},[50,88650,86694],{"class":101},[50,88652,7273],{"class":64},[20,88654,88655],{},"This is a simple test to confirm the file can be opened and read.",[36,88657,1913],{"id":1912},[222,88659,88661],{"id":88660},"what-does-open-return-in-python","What does open() return in Python?",[20,88663,88664],{},"It returns a file object. You use that object to read, write, or close the file.",[222,88666,88668],{"id":88667},"what-is-the-safest-way-to-use-open","What is the safest way to use open()?",[20,88670,88671,88672,88674],{},"Use it inside a ",[15,88673,86636],{}," block so the file closes automatically.",[222,88676,5258,88678,4472,88680,88682],{"id":88677},"what-is-the-difference-between-w-and-a-mode",[15,88679,87032],{},[15,88681,18165],{}," mode?",[20,88684,88685,88687,88688,88690],{},[15,88686,87032],{}," overwrites the file. ",[15,88689,18165],{}," adds new content to the end.",[222,88692,88694],{"id":88693},"why-do-i-get-filenotfounderror-with-open","Why do I get FileNotFoundError with open()?",[20,88696,88697],{},"Usually the file path is wrong, the file does not exist, or your program is running from a different folder than you expect.",[222,88699,88701],{"id":88700},"should-i-always-set-encoding-when-opening-a-text-file","Should I always set encoding when opening a text file?",[20,88703,88704,88705,88707],{},"It is a good habit. ",[15,88706,87012],{}," is a safe default for many text files.",[36,88709,1975],{"id":1974},[158,88711,88712,88716,88720,88724,88728,88732,88736,88742],{},[161,88713,88714],{},[421,88715,87845],{"href":87844},[161,88717,88718],{},[421,88719,88050],{"href":88049},[161,88721,88722],{},[421,88723,88054],{"href":88053},[161,88725,88726],{},[421,88727,87849],{"href":87848},[161,88729,88730],{},[421,88731,88441],{"href":88440},[161,88733,88734],{},[421,88735,88273],{"href":88272},[161,88737,88738],{},[421,88739,88265,88740,88269],{"href":88264},[50,88741,88268],{},[161,88743,88744],{},[421,88745,88303,88746,88307],{"href":88302},[50,88747,88306],{},[2018,88749,88750],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":88752},[88753,88754,88755,88756,88757,88758,88759,88764,88765,88770,88776,88777,88778,88786],{"id":2104,"depth":86,"text":2105},{"id":86719,"depth":86,"text":86720},{"id":180,"depth":86,"text":181},{"id":87016,"depth":86,"text":87017},{"id":87280,"depth":86,"text":87281},{"id":87404,"depth":86,"text":87405},{"id":87587,"depth":86,"text":87588,"children":88760},[88761,88762,88763],{"id":87597,"depth":108,"text":87598},{"id":87676,"depth":108,"text":87677},{"id":87759,"depth":108,"text":87760},{"id":87852,"depth":86,"text":87853},{"id":88057,"depth":86,"text":88058,"children":88766},[88767,88768,88769],{"id":88064,"depth":108,"text":87012},{"id":88148,"depth":108,"text":88148},{"id":88159,"depth":108,"text":88159},{"id":88170,"depth":86,"text":88171,"children":88771},[88772,88773,88774,88775],{"id":88177,"depth":108,"text":88180},{"id":88276,"depth":108,"text":88279},{"id":88310,"depth":108,"text":88313},{"id":88393,"depth":108,"text":88396},{"id":88410,"depth":86,"text":88411},{"id":1742,"depth":86,"text":1743},{"id":1912,"depth":86,"text":1913,"children":88779},[88780,88781,88782,88784,88785],{"id":88660,"depth":108,"text":88661},{"id":88667,"depth":108,"text":88668},{"id":88677,"depth":108,"text":88783},"What is the difference between \"w\" and \"a\" mode?",{"id":88693,"depth":108,"text":88694},{"id":88700,"depth":108,"text":88701},{"id":1974,"depth":86,"text":1975},"Master python open function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained",{"title":86607,"description":88787},"reference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained","2NUk1nPkzgPoyQ-eW0tXGQJ5BkMh9G3DaGNf-J4gI50",{"id":88794,"title":88795,"body":88796,"description":90791,"extension":2064,"meta":90792,"navigation":111,"path":90793,"seo":90794,"stem":90795,"__hash__":90796},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained.md","Python print() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":88797,"toc":90738},[88798,88803,88808,88814,88816,88884,88886,88905,88910,88915,88920,88923,88935,88937,88980,88982,89000,89011,89013,89015,89040,89042,89053,89055,89115,89117,89143,89146,89150,89155,89159,89162,89196,89200,89203,89228,89232,89255,89259,89292,89297,89301,89306,89309,89377,89379,89403,89408,89411,89442,89444,89476,89493,89497,89502,89526,89533,89538,89543,89546,89550,89585,89587,89596,89600,89691,89693,89724,89729,89736,89741,89750,89753,89787,89789,89803,89807,89848,89850,89859,89863,89911,89913,89927,89932,89943,89950,89956,89958,89993,89995,90009,90012,90034,90040,90069,90080,90086,90092,90106,90108,90187,90189,90239,90246,90248,90253,90257,90260,90275,90280,90282,90301,90307,90310,90325,90327,90345,90351,90356,90386,90389,90412,90415,90442,90449,90455,90463,90486,90491,90499,90501,90521,90525,90531,90581,90584,90606,90608,90614,90622,90628,90634,90642,90647,90651,90654,90677,90682,90689,90701,90703,90735],[10,88799,13,88801,18],{"id":88800},"python-print-function-explained",[15,88802,46522],{},[20,88804,32387,88805,88807],{},[15,88806,46522],{}," function displays output in the terminal or console. It is one of the first functions beginners learn because it lets you show text, numbers, variable values, and calculation results.",[20,88809,88810,88811,88813],{},"This page explains the basic syntax of ",[15,88812,46522],{},", its most useful optional arguments, and common beginner mistakes.",[36,88815,2105],{"id":2104},[41,88817,88819],{"className":43,"code":88818,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"name = \"Mia\"\nage = 12\n\nprint(name)\nprint(age)\nprint(\"Hello\", name)\n",[15,88820,88821,88833,88842,88846,88856,88866],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,88822,88823,88825,88827,88829,88831],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,88824,7955],{"class":56},[50,88826,61],{"class":60},[50,88828,700],{"class":604},[50,88830,8000],{"class":608},[50,88832,705],{"class":604},[50,88834,88835,88837,88839],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,88836,21697],{"class":56},[50,88838,61],{"class":60},[50,88840,88841],{"class":68}," 12\n",[50,88843,88844],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,88845,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,88847,88848,88850,88852,88854],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,88849,118],{"class":94},[50,88851,98],{"class":64},[50,88853,814],{"class":101},[50,88855,105],{"class":64},[50,88857,88858,88860,88862,88864],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,88859,118],{"class":94},[50,88861,98],{"class":64},[50,88863,833],{"class":101},[50,88865,105],{"class":64},[50,88867,88868,88870,88872,88874,88876,88878,88880,88882],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,88869,118],{"class":94},[50,88871,98],{"class":64},[50,88873,811],{"class":604},[50,88875,34937],{"class":608},[50,88877,811],{"class":604},[50,88879,72],{"class":64},[50,88881,36061],{"class":101},[50,88883,105],{"class":64},[20,88885,353],{},[41,88887,88889],{"className":43,"code":88888,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Mia\n12\nHello Mia\n",[15,88890,88891,88896,88900],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,88892,88893],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,88894,88895],{"class":56},"Mia\n",[50,88897,88898],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,88899,2324],{"class":68},[50,88901,88902],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,88903,88904],{"class":56},"Hello Mia\n",[20,88906,920,88907,88909],{},[15,88908,46522],{}," to show text, numbers, and variable values on the screen.",[36,88911,153,88913,156],{"id":88912},"what-print-does",[15,88914,46522],{},[20,88916,88917,88919],{},[15,88918,46522],{}," sends output to the screen.",[20,88921,88922],{},"You can use it to display:",[158,88924,88925,88927,88929,88932],{},[161,88926,718],{},[161,88928,102],{},[161,88930,88931],{},"variables",[161,88933,88934],{},"expressions",[20,88936,1602],{},[41,88938,88940],{"className":43,"code":88939,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(5)\nprint(2 + 3)\n",[15,88941,88942,88956,88966],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,88943,88944,88946,88948,88950,88952,88954],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,88945,118],{"class":94},[50,88947,98],{"class":64},[50,88949,811],{"class":604},[50,88951,34937],{"class":608},[50,88953,811],{"class":604},[50,88955,105],{"class":64},[50,88957,88958,88960,88962,88964],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,88959,118],{"class":94},[50,88961,98],{"class":64},[50,88963,290],{"class":68},[50,88965,105],{"class":64},[50,88967,88968,88970,88972,88974,88976,88978],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,88969,118],{"class":94},[50,88971,98],{"class":64},[50,88973,1564],{"class":68},[50,88975,2551],{"class":60},[50,88977,500],{"class":68},[50,88979,105],{"class":64},[20,88981,353],{},[41,88983,88985],{"className":43,"code":88984,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Hello\n5\n5\n",[15,88986,88987,88992,88996],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,88988,88989],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,88990,88991],{"class":56},"Hello\n",[50,88993,88994],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,88995,3044],{"class":68},[50,88997,88998],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,88999,3044],{"class":68},[20,89001,89002,89003,89005,89006,89010],{},"A very important detail is that ",[15,89004,46522],{}," ",[3824,89007,3773,89008],{},[15,89009,208],{},". Its job is to display something, not to give you a value back.",[36,89012,181],{"id":180},[20,89014,30794],{},[41,89016,89018],{"className":43,"code":89017,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(object1, object2, ...)\n",[15,89019,89020],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,89021,89022,89024,89026,89029,89031,89034,89036,89038],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,89023,118],{"class":94},[50,89025,98],{"class":64},[50,89027,89028],{"class":101},"object1",[50,89030,72],{"class":64},[50,89032,89033],{"class":101}," object2",[50,89035,72],{"class":64},[50,89037,34525],{"class":94},[50,89039,105],{"class":64},[20,89041,80247],{},[158,89043,89044,89047,89050],{},[161,89045,89046],{},"one value",[161,89048,89049],{},"many values",[161,89051,89052],{},"strings, numbers, variables, or expressions",[20,89054,1602],{},[41,89056,89058],{"className":43,"code":89057,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(\"Apple\")\nprint(\"Score:\", 10)\nprint(\"Total:\", 4 + 6)\n",[15,89059,89060,89074,89093],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,89061,89062,89064,89066,89068,89070,89072],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,89063,118],{"class":94},[50,89065,98],{"class":64},[50,89067,811],{"class":604},[50,89069,57835],{"class":608},[50,89071,811],{"class":604},[50,89073,105],{"class":64},[50,89075,89076,89078,89080,89082,89085,89087,89089,89091],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,89077,118],{"class":94},[50,89079,98],{"class":64},[50,89081,811],{"class":604},[50,89083,89084],{"class":608},"Score:",[50,89086,811],{"class":604},[50,89088,72],{"class":64},[50,89090,6082],{"class":68},[50,89092,105],{"class":64},[50,89094,89095,89097,89099,89101,89103,89105,89107,89109,89111,89113],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,89096,118],{"class":94},[50,89098,98],{"class":64},[50,89100,811],{"class":604},[50,89102,45633],{"class":608},[50,89104,811],{"class":604},[50,89106,72],{"class":64},[50,89108,2554],{"class":68},[50,89110,2551],{"class":60},[50,89112,37713],{"class":68},[50,89114,105],{"class":64},[20,89116,353],{},[41,89118,89120],{"className":43,"code":89119,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Apple\nScore: 10\nTotal: 10\n",[15,89121,89122,89126,89135],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,89123,89124],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,89125,85399],{"class":56},[50,89127,89128,89131,89133],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,89129,89130],{"class":56},"Score",[50,89132,819],{"class":64},[50,89134,2685],{"class":68},[50,89136,89137,89139,89141],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,89138,45673],{"class":56},[50,89140,819],{"class":64},[50,89142,2685],{"class":68},[20,89144,89145],{},"In Python 3, the parentheses are required.",[36,89147,89149],{"id":89148},"printing-different-kinds-of-values","Printing different kinds of values",[20,89151,89152,89153,425],{},"You can print several kinds of data with ",[15,89154,46522],{},[222,89156,89158],{"id":89157},"print-text","Print text",[20,89160,89161],{},"Text must be inside quotes.",[41,89163,89165],{"className":43,"code":89164,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"Python is fun\")\n",[15,89166,89167,89181],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,89168,89169,89171,89173,89175,89177,89179],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,89170,118],{"class":94},[50,89172,98],{"class":64},[50,89174,811],{"class":604},[50,89176,34937],{"class":608},[50,89178,811],{"class":604},[50,89180,105],{"class":64},[50,89182,89183,89185,89187,89189,89192,89194],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,89184,118],{"class":94},[50,89186,98],{"class":64},[50,89188,811],{"class":604},[50,89190,89191],{"class":608},"Python is fun",[50,89193,811],{"class":604},[50,89195,105],{"class":64},[222,89197,89199],{"id":89198},"print-numbers","Print numbers",[20,89201,89202],{},"Numbers do not use quotes.",[41,89204,89206],{"className":43,"code":89205,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(5)\nprint(3.14)\n",[15,89207,89208,89218],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,89209,89210,89212,89214,89216],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,89211,118],{"class":94},[50,89213,98],{"class":64},[50,89215,290],{"class":68},[50,89217,105],{"class":64},[50,89219,89220,89222,89224,89226],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,89221,118],{"class":94},[50,89223,98],{"class":64},[50,89225,40212],{"class":68},[50,89227,105],{"class":64},[222,89229,89231],{"id":89230},"print-variables","Print variables",[41,89233,89235],{"className":43,"code":89234,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"score = 99\nprint(score)\n",[15,89236,89237,89245],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,89238,89239,89241,89243],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,89240,5175],{"class":56},[50,89242,61],{"class":60},[50,89244,14203],{"class":68},[50,89246,89247,89249,89251,89253],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,89248,118],{"class":94},[50,89250,98],{"class":64},[50,89252,85563],{"class":101},[50,89254,105],{"class":64},[222,89256,89258],{"id":89257},"print-expressions","Print expressions",[41,89260,89262],{"className":43,"code":89261,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(2 + 3)\nprint(10 * 4)\n",[15,89263,89264,89278],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,89265,89266,89268,89270,89272,89274,89276],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,89267,118],{"class":94},[50,89269,98],{"class":64},[50,89271,1564],{"class":68},[50,89273,2551],{"class":60},[50,89275,500],{"class":68},[50,89277,105],{"class":64},[50,89279,89280,89282,89284,89286,89288,89290],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,89281,118],{"class":94},[50,89283,98],{"class":64},[50,89285,1618],{"class":68},[50,89287,82876],{"class":60},[50,89289,2554],{"class":68},[50,89291,105],{"class":64},[20,89293,89294,89295,425],{},"If you are not sure what counts as text, see ",[421,89296,51046],{"href":51045},[36,89298,89300],{"id":89299},"using-multiple-arguments","Using multiple arguments",[20,89302,89303,89305],{},[15,89304,46522],{}," can take more than one argument.",[20,89307,89308],{},"By default, Python places a space between them. This is often the easiest way to combine labels and variable values.",[41,89310,89312],{"className":43,"code":89311,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"name = \"Ava\"\nage = 10\n\nprint(\"Name:\", name)\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,89313,89314,89327,89335,89339,89358],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,89315,89316,89318,89320,89322,89325],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,89317,7955],{"class":56},[50,89319,61],{"class":60},[50,89321,700],{"class":604},[50,89323,89324],{"class":608},"Ava",[50,89326,705],{"class":604},[50,89328,89329,89331,89333],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,89330,21697],{"class":56},[50,89332,61],{"class":60},[50,89334,2685],{"class":68},[50,89336,89337],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,89338,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,89340,89341,89343,89345,89347,89350,89352,89354,89356],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,89342,118],{"class":94},[50,89344,98],{"class":64},[50,89346,811],{"class":604},[50,89348,89349],{"class":608},"Name:",[50,89351,811],{"class":604},[50,89353,72],{"class":64},[50,89355,36061],{"class":101},[50,89357,105],{"class":64},[50,89359,89360,89362,89364,89366,89369,89371,89373,89375],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,89361,118],{"class":94},[50,89363,98],{"class":64},[50,89365,811],{"class":604},[50,89367,89368],{"class":608},"Age:",[50,89370,811],{"class":604},[50,89372,72],{"class":64},[50,89374,9268],{"class":101},[50,89376,105],{"class":64},[20,89378,353],{},[41,89380,89382],{"className":43,"code":89381,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Name: Ava\nAge: 10\n",[15,89383,89384,89394],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,89385,89386,89389,89391],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,89387,89388],{"class":56},"Name",[50,89390,819],{"class":64},[50,89392,89393],{"class":56}," Ava\n",[50,89395,89396,89399,89401],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,89397,89398],{"class":56},"Age",[50,89400,819],{"class":64},[50,89402,2685],{"class":68},[20,89404,89405,89406,425],{},"This is usually easier for beginners than joining values with ",[15,89407,2161],{},[20,89409,89410],{},"For example, this works:",[41,89412,89414],{"className":43,"code":89413,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,89415,89416,89424],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,89417,89418,89420,89422],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,89419,21697],{"class":56},[50,89421,61],{"class":60},[50,89423,2685],{"class":68},[50,89425,89426,89428,89430,89432,89434,89436,89438,89440],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,89427,118],{"class":94},[50,89429,98],{"class":64},[50,89431,811],{"class":604},[50,89433,89368],{"class":608},[50,89435,811],{"class":604},[50,89437,72],{"class":64},[50,89439,9268],{"class":101},[50,89441,105],{"class":64},[20,89443,36995],{},[41,89445,89447],{"className":43,"code":89446,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age: \" + age)\n",[15,89448,89449,89457],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,89450,89451,89453,89455],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,89452,21697],{"class":56},[50,89454,61],{"class":60},[50,89456,2685],{"class":68},[50,89458,89459,89461,89463,89465,89468,89470,89472,89474],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,89460,118],{"class":94},[50,89462,98],{"class":64},[50,89464,811],{"class":604},[50,89466,89467],{"class":608},"Age: ",[50,89469,811],{"class":604},[50,89471,2551],{"class":60},[50,89473,9268],{"class":101},[50,89475,105],{"class":64},[20,89477,89478,89479,89482,89483,89485,89486,89488,89489,425],{},"That fails because ",[15,89480,89481],{},"\"Age: \""," is a string and ",[15,89484,833],{}," is an integer. If you want to combine them with ",[15,89487,2161],{},", you must first convert the number with ",[421,89490,89491],{"href":42245},[15,89492,47754],{},[36,89494,89496],{"id":89495},"important-optional-arguments","Important optional arguments",[20,89498,89499,89501],{},[15,89500,46522],{}," has a few optional arguments that are especially useful:",[158,89503,89504,89510,89515,89520],{},[161,89505,89506,89509],{},[15,89507,89508],{},"sep"," controls what goes between multiple values",[161,89511,89512,89514],{},[15,89513,52730],{}," controls what is added after the output",[161,89516,89517,89519],{},[15,89518,86784],{}," sends output to a file-like object",[161,89521,89522,89525],{},[15,89523,89524],{},"flush"," forces output to appear immediately",[20,89527,89528,89529,4472,89531,425],{},"The most important ones for beginners are ",[15,89530,89508],{},[15,89532,52730],{},[36,89534,89536,36684],{"id":89535},"sep-argument",[15,89537,89508],{},[20,89539,1185,89540,89542],{},[15,89541,89508],{}," argument changes the separator between multiple printed values.",[20,89544,89545],{},"The default separator is a single space.",[222,89547,89549],{"id":89548},"default-behavior","Default behavior",[41,89551,89553],{"className":43,"code":89552,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n",[15,89554,89555],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,89556,89557,89559,89561,89563,89565,89567,89569,89571,89573,89575,89577,89579,89581,89583],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,89558,118],{"class":94},[50,89560,98],{"class":64},[50,89562,811],{"class":604},[50,89564,13166],{"class":608},[50,89566,811],{"class":604},[50,89568,72],{"class":64},[50,89570,700],{"class":604},[50,89572,17525],{"class":608},[50,89574,811],{"class":604},[50,89576,72],{"class":64},[50,89578,700],{"class":604},[50,89580,13183],{"class":608},[50,89582,811],{"class":604},[50,89584,105],{"class":64},[20,89586,353],{},[41,89588,89590],{"className":43,"code":89589,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"red green blue\n",[15,89591,89592],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,89593,89594],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,89595,89589],{"class":56},[222,89597,89599],{"id":89598},"custom-separator","Custom separator",[41,89601,89603],{"className":43,"code":89602,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\",\")\nprint(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\" - \")\n",[15,89604,89605,89648],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,89606,89607,89609,89611,89613,89615,89617,89619,89621,89623,89625,89627,89629,89631,89633,89635,89638,89640,89642,89644,89646],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,89608,118],{"class":94},[50,89610,98],{"class":64},[50,89612,811],{"class":604},[50,89614,13166],{"class":608},[50,89616,811],{"class":604},[50,89618,72],{"class":64},[50,89620,700],{"class":604},[50,89622,17525],{"class":608},[50,89624,811],{"class":604},[50,89626,72],{"class":64},[50,89628,700],{"class":604},[50,89630,13183],{"class":608},[50,89632,811],{"class":604},[50,89634,72],{"class":64},[50,89636,89637],{"class":201}," sep",[50,89639,61],{"class":60},[50,89641,811],{"class":604},[50,89643,72],{"class":608},[50,89645,811],{"class":604},[50,89647,105],{"class":64},[50,89649,89650,89652,89654,89656,89658,89660,89662,89664,89666,89668,89670,89672,89674,89676,89678,89680,89682,89684,89687,89689],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,89651,118],{"class":94},[50,89653,98],{"class":64},[50,89655,811],{"class":604},[50,89657,13166],{"class":608},[50,89659,811],{"class":604},[50,89661,72],{"class":64},[50,89663,700],{"class":604},[50,89665,17525],{"class":608},[50,89667,811],{"class":604},[50,89669,72],{"class":64},[50,89671,700],{"class":604},[50,89673,13183],{"class":608},[50,89675,811],{"class":604},[50,89677,72],{"class":64},[50,89679,89637],{"class":201},[50,89681,61],{"class":60},[50,89683,811],{"class":604},[50,89685,89686],{"class":608}," - ",[50,89688,811],{"class":604},[50,89690,105],{"class":64},[20,89692,353],{},[41,89694,89696],{"className":43,"code":89695,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"red,green,blue\nred - green - blue\n",[15,89697,89698,89710],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,89699,89700,89702,89704,89706,89708],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,89701,13166],{"class":56},[50,89703,72],{"class":64},[50,89705,17525],{"class":56},[50,89707,72],{"class":64},[50,89709,70042],{"class":56},[50,89711,89712,89715,89717,89720,89722],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,89713,89714],{"class":56},"red ",[50,89716,2124],{"class":60},[50,89718,89719],{"class":56}," green ",[50,89721,2124],{"class":60},[50,89723,35950],{"class":56},[20,89725,89726,89728],{},[15,89727,89508],{}," only matters when you print more than one argument.",[20,89730,89731,89732,425],{},"This is useful for simple formatting without building one long string yourself. If you want more control over formatting, see ",[421,89733,89735],{"href":89734},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-format-strings-in-python\u002F","how to format strings in Python",[36,89737,89739,36684],{"id":89738},"end-argument",[15,89740,52730],{},[20,89742,89743,89744,89746,89747,89749],{},"By default, ",[15,89745,46522],{}," ends with a newline. That means the next ",[15,89748,46522],{}," starts on a new line.",[222,89751,89549],{"id":89752},"default-behavior-1",[41,89754,89756],{"className":43,"code":89755,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89757,89758,89772],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,89759,89760,89762,89764,89766,89768,89770],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,89761,118],{"class":94},[50,89763,98],{"class":64},[50,89765,811],{"class":604},[50,89767,34937],{"class":608},[50,89769,811],{"class":604},[50,89771,105],{"class":64},[50,89773,89774,89776,89778,89780,89783,89785],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,89775,118],{"class":94},[50,89777,98],{"class":64},[50,89779,811],{"class":604},[50,89781,89782],{"class":608},"World",[50,89784,811],{"class":604},[50,89786,105],{"class":64},[20,89788,353],{},[41,89790,89792],{"className":43,"code":89791,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Hello\nWorld\n",[15,89793,89794,89798],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,89795,89796],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,89797,88991],{"class":56},[50,89799,89800],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,89801,89802],{"class":56},"World\n",[222,89804,89806],{"id":89805},"stay-on-the-same-line","Stay on the same line",[41,89808,89810],{"className":43,"code":89809,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89811,89812,89834],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,89813,89814,89816,89818,89820,89822,89824,89826,89828,89830,89832],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,89815,118],{"class":94},[50,89817,98],{"class":64},[50,89819,811],{"class":604},[50,89821,34937],{"class":608},[50,89823,811],{"class":604},[50,89825,72],{"class":64},[50,89827,65101],{"class":201},[50,89829,61],{"class":60},[50,89831,6350],{"class":604},[50,89833,105],{"class":64},[50,89835,89836,89838,89840,89842,89844,89846],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,89837,118],{"class":94},[50,89839,98],{"class":64},[50,89841,811],{"class":604},[50,89843,89782],{"class":608},[50,89845,811],{"class":604},[50,89847,105],{"class":64},[20,89849,353],{},[41,89851,89853],{"className":43,"code":89852,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"HelloWorld\n",[15,89854,89855],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,89856,89857],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,89858,89852],{"class":56},[222,89860,89862],{"id":89861},"add-a-custom-ending","Add a custom ending",[41,89864,89866],{"className":43,"code":89865,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"!\\n\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89867,89868,89897],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,89869,89870,89872,89874,89876,89878,89880,89882,89884,89886,89888,89891,89893,89895],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,89871,118],{"class":94},[50,89873,98],{"class":64},[50,89875,811],{"class":604},[50,89877,34937],{"class":608},[50,89879,811],{"class":604},[50,89881,72],{"class":64},[50,89883,65101],{"class":201},[50,89885,61],{"class":60},[50,89887,811],{"class":604},[50,89889,89890],{"class":608},"!",[50,89892,87195],{"class":34524},[50,89894,811],{"class":604},[50,89896,105],{"class":64},[50,89898,89899,89901,89903,89905,89907,89909],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,89900,118],{"class":94},[50,89902,98],{"class":64},[50,89904,811],{"class":604},[50,89906,89782],{"class":608},[50,89908,811],{"class":604},[50,89910,105],{"class":64},[20,89912,353],{},[41,89914,89916],{"className":43,"code":89915,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Hello!\nWorld\n",[15,89917,89918,89923],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,89919,89920],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,89921,89922],{"class":56},"Hello!\n",[50,89924,89925],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,89926,89802],{"class":56},[20,89928,1185,89929,89931],{},[15,89930,52730],{}," argument is useful for:",[158,89933,89934,89937,89940],{},[161,89935,89936],{},"progress messages",[161,89938,89939],{},"inline output",[161,89941,89942],{},"custom punctuation at the end of printed text",[36,89944,89946,2494,89948],{"id":89945},"print-returns-none",[15,89947,46522],{},[15,89949,208],{},[20,89951,89952,89953,89955],{},"A common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,89954,46522],{}," to return the text it shows.",[20,89957,1602],{},[41,89959,89961],{"className":43,"code":89960,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"result = print(\"Hi\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,89962,89963,89983],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,89964,89965,89967,89969,89972,89974,89976,89979,89981],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,89966,89],{"class":56},[50,89968,61],{"class":60},[50,89970,89971],{"class":94}," print",[50,89973,98],{"class":64},[50,89975,811],{"class":604},[50,89977,89978],{"class":608},"Hi",[50,89980,811],{"class":604},[50,89982,105],{"class":64},[50,89984,89985,89987,89989,89991],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,89986,118],{"class":94},[50,89988,98],{"class":64},[50,89990,123],{"class":101},[50,89992,105],{"class":64},[20,89994,353],{},[41,89996,89998],{"className":43,"code":89997,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Hi\nNone\n",[15,89999,90000,90005],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,90001,90002],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,90003,90004],{"class":56},"Hi\n",[50,90006,90007],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,90008,11882],{"class":207},[20,90010,90011],{},"Why does this happen?",[158,90013,90014,90022,90027],{},[161,90015,90016,90019,90020],{},[15,90017,90018],{},"print(\"Hi\")"," displays ",[15,90021,89978],{},[161,90023,90024,90025],{},"but the function itself returns ",[15,90026,208],{},[161,90028,90029,90030,11994,90032],{},"so ",[15,90031,123],{},[15,90033,208],{},[20,90035,90036,90037,90039],{},"If you need to keep a value, assign the value itself instead of the ",[15,90038,46522],{}," call.",[41,90041,90043],{"className":43,"code":90042,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"message = \"Hi\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,90044,90045,90058],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,90046,90047,90050,90052,90054,90056],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,90048,90049],{"class":56},"message ",[50,90051,61],{"class":60},[50,90053,700],{"class":604},[50,90055,89978],{"class":608},[50,90057,705],{"class":604},[50,90059,90060,90062,90064,90067],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,90061,118],{"class":94},[50,90063,98],{"class":64},[50,90065,90066],{"class":101},"message",[50,90068,105],{"class":64},[20,90070,90071,90072,90074,90075,90079],{},"This idea becomes clearer when you compare ",[15,90073,46522],{}," with functions like ",[421,90076,90077],{"href":8298},[15,90078,3055],{},", which do return a value.",[36,90081,90083,90084],{"id":90082},"when-beginners-use-print","When beginners use ",[15,90085,46522],{},[20,90087,90088,90089,90091],{},"Beginners use ",[15,90090,46522],{}," in many simple but important ways:",[158,90093,90094,90097,90100,90103],{},[161,90095,90096],{},"to display results to the user",[161,90098,90099],{},"to show messages in a script",[161,90101,90102],{},"to check variable values while debugging",[161,90104,90105],{},"to inspect loops and function behavior",[20,90107,1602],{},[41,90109,90111],{"className":43,"code":90110,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"total = 0\n\nfor number in range(1, 4):\n    total += number\n    print(\"Current number:\", number, \"Total:\", total)\n",[15,90112,90113,90121,90125,90145,90156],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,90114,90115,90117,90119],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,90116,41252],{"class":56},[50,90118,61],{"class":60},[50,90120,38581],{"class":68},[50,90122,90123],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,90124,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,90126,90127,90129,90131,90133,90135,90137,90139,90141,90143],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,90128,6035],{"class":3957},[50,90130,6463],{"class":56},[50,90132,3964],{"class":3957},[50,90134,54139],{"class":94},[50,90136,98],{"class":64},[50,90138,366],{"class":68},[50,90140,72],{"class":64},[50,90142,2554],{"class":68},[50,90144,8421],{"class":64},[50,90146,90147,90150,90153],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,90148,90149],{"class":56},"    total ",[50,90151,90152],{"class":60},"+=",[50,90154,90155],{"class":56}," number\n",[50,90157,90158,90160,90162,90164,90167,90169,90171,90173,90175,90177,90179,90181,90183,90185],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,90159,8148],{"class":94},[50,90161,98],{"class":64},[50,90163,811],{"class":604},[50,90165,90166],{"class":608},"Current number:",[50,90168,811],{"class":604},[50,90170,72],{"class":64},[50,90172,2296],{"class":101},[50,90174,72],{"class":64},[50,90176,700],{"class":604},[50,90178,45633],{"class":608},[50,90180,811],{"class":604},[50,90182,72],{"class":64},[50,90184,45640],{"class":101},[50,90186,105],{"class":64},[20,90188,353],{},[41,90190,90192],{"className":43,"code":90191,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Current number: 1 Total: 1\nCurrent number: 2 Total: 3\nCurrent number: 3 Total: 6\n",[15,90193,90194,90210,90224],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,90195,90196,90199,90201,90203,90206,90208],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,90197,90198],{"class":56},"Current number",[50,90200,819],{"class":64},[50,90202,75],{"class":68},[50,90204,90205],{"class":56}," Total",[50,90207,819],{"class":64},[50,90209,29684],{"class":68},[50,90211,90212,90214,90216,90218,90220,90222],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,90213,90198],{"class":56},[50,90215,819],{"class":64},[50,90217,80],{"class":68},[50,90219,90205],{"class":56},[50,90221,819],{"class":64},[50,90223,2675],{"class":68},[50,90225,90226,90228,90230,90232,90234,90236],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,90227,90198],{"class":56},[50,90229,819],{"class":64},[50,90231,500],{"class":68},[50,90233,90205],{"class":56},[50,90235,819],{"class":64},[50,90237,90238],{"class":68}," 6\n",[20,90240,90241,90242,425],{},"This kind of output is very helpful when you are trying to understand what your code is doing. For more debugging help, see ",[421,90243,90245],{"href":90244},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-debug-python-code-beginner-guide\u002F","how to debug Python code",[36,90247,1743],{"id":1742},[20,90249,90250,90251,425],{},"Here are some common beginner problems when using ",[15,90252,46522],{},[222,90254,90256],{"id":90255},"forgetting-quotes-around-text","Forgetting quotes around text",[20,90258,90259],{},"This causes Python to think the word is a variable name.",[41,90261,90263],{"className":43,"code":90262,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(Hello)\n",[15,90264,90265],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,90266,90267,90269,90271,90273],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,90268,118],{"class":94},[50,90270,98],{"class":64},[50,90272,34937],{"class":101},[50,90274,105],{"class":64},[20,90276,8955,90277,90279],{},[15,90278,34937],{}," is not defined, Python raises an error.",[20,90281,10883],{},[41,90283,90285],{"className":43,"code":90284,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,90286,90287],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,90288,90289,90291,90293,90295,90297,90299],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,90290,118],{"class":94},[50,90292,98],{"class":64},[50,90294,811],{"class":604},[50,90296,34937],{"class":608},[50,90298,811],{"class":604},[50,90300,105],{"class":64},[222,90302,914,90304,90306],{"id":90303},"using-print-without-parentheses-in-python-3",[15,90305,118],{}," without parentheses in Python 3",[20,90308,90309],{},"This is incorrect in Python 3:",[41,90311,90313],{"className":43,"code":90312,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print \"Hello\"\n",[15,90314,90315],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,90316,90317,90319,90321,90323],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,90318,118],{"class":94},[50,90320,700],{"class":604},[50,90322,34937],{"class":608},[50,90324,705],{"class":604},[20,90326,10883],{},[41,90328,90329],{"className":43,"code":90284,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,90330,90331],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,90332,90333,90335,90337,90339,90341,90343],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,90334,118],{"class":94},[50,90336,98],{"class":64},[50,90338,811],{"class":604},[50,90340,34937],{"class":608},[50,90342,811],{"class":604},[50,90344,105],{"class":64},[222,90346,90348,90349],{"id":90347},"trying-to-join-strings-and-numbers-with","Trying to join strings and numbers with ",[15,90350,2161],{},[20,90352,90353,90354,425],{},"This causes a ",[15,90355,1542],{},[41,90357,90358],{"className":43,"code":89446,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,90359,90360,90368],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,90361,90362,90364,90366],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,90363,21697],{"class":56},[50,90365,61],{"class":60},[50,90367,2685],{"class":68},[50,90369,90370,90372,90374,90376,90378,90380,90382,90384],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,90371,118],{"class":94},[50,90373,98],{"class":64},[50,90375,811],{"class":604},[50,90377,89467],{"class":608},[50,90379,811],{"class":604},[50,90381,2551],{"class":60},[50,90383,9268],{"class":101},[50,90385,105],{"class":64},[20,90387,90388],{},"Fix it by using multiple arguments:",[41,90390,90392],{"className":43,"code":90391,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,90393,90394],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,90395,90396,90398,90400,90402,90404,90406,90408,90410],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,90397,118],{"class":94},[50,90399,98],{"class":64},[50,90401,811],{"class":604},[50,90403,89368],{"class":608},[50,90405,811],{"class":604},[50,90407,72],{"class":64},[50,90409,9268],{"class":101},[50,90411,105],{"class":64},[20,90413,90414],{},"Or convert the number first:",[41,90416,90418],{"className":43,"code":90417,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(\"Age: \" + str(age))\n",[15,90419,90420],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,90421,90422,90424,90426,90428,90430,90432,90434,90436,90438,90440],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,90423,118],{"class":94},[50,90425,98],{"class":64},[50,90427,811],{"class":604},[50,90429,89467],{"class":608},[50,90431,811],{"class":604},[50,90433,2551],{"class":60},[50,90435,48974],{"class":557},[50,90437,98],{"class":64},[50,90439,833],{"class":101},[50,90441,478],{"class":64},[20,90443,90444,90445,425],{},"If you see this error, read ",[421,90446,90448],{"href":90447},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-can-only-concatenate-str-not-int-to-str-fix\u002F","TypeError: can only concatenate str not int to str",[222,90450,8532,90452,90454],{"id":90451},"expecting-print-to-return-a-value",[15,90453,46522],{}," to return a value",[20,90456,90457,90458,1455,90461,819],{},"This does not store ",[15,90459,90460],{},"\"Hello\"",[15,90462,123],{},[41,90464,90466],{"className":43,"code":90465,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"result = print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,90467,90468],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,90469,90470,90472,90474,90476,90478,90480,90482,90484],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,90471,89],{"class":56},[50,90473,61],{"class":60},[50,90475,89971],{"class":94},[50,90477,98],{"class":64},[50,90479,811],{"class":604},[50,90481,34937],{"class":608},[50,90483,811],{"class":604},[50,90485,105],{"class":64},[20,90487,90488,90489,425],{},"It stores ",[15,90490,208],{},[222,90492,90494,90495,4472,90497],{"id":90493},"misunderstanding-sep-and-end","Misunderstanding ",[15,90496,89508],{},[15,90498,52730],{},[20,90500,85855],{},[158,90502,90503,90512],{},[161,90504,90505,90507,90508,90511],{},[15,90506,89508],{}," changes what goes ",[3824,90509,90510],{},"between"," multiple values",[161,90513,90514,90516,90517,90520],{},[15,90515,52730],{}," changes what appears ",[3824,90518,90519],{},"after"," the output",[36,90522,90524],{"id":90523},"useful-debugging-commands","Useful debugging commands",[20,90526,90527,90528,90530],{},"These simple ",[15,90529,46522],{}," examples can help you inspect your code:",[41,90532,90534],{"className":43,"code":90533,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)\nprint(type(variable_name))\nhelp(print)\n",[15,90535,90536,90556,90571],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,90537,90538,90540,90542,90544,90547,90549,90551,90554],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,90539,118],{"class":94},[50,90541,98],{"class":64},[50,90543,811],{"class":604},[50,90545,90546],{"class":608},"Debug:",[50,90548,811],{"class":604},[50,90550,72],{"class":64},[50,90552,90553],{"class":101}," variable_name",[50,90555,105],{"class":64},[50,90557,90558,90560,90562,90564,90566,90569],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,90559,118],{"class":94},[50,90561,98],{"class":64},[50,90563,558],{"class":557},[50,90565,98],{"class":64},[50,90567,90568],{"class":101},"variable_name",[50,90570,478],{"class":64},[50,90572,90573,90575,90577,90579],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,90574,32222],{"class":94},[50,90576,98],{"class":64},[50,90578,118],{"class":94},[50,90580,105],{"class":64},[20,90582,90583],{},"What they do:",[158,90585,90586,90592,90598],{},[161,90587,90588,90591],{},[15,90589,90590],{},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)"," shows the current value",[161,90593,90594,90597],{},[15,90595,90596],{},"print(type(variable_name))"," shows the value's type",[161,90599,90600,90603,90604],{},[15,90601,90602],{},"help(print)"," shows Python's built-in help for ",[15,90605,46522],{},[36,90607,1913],{"id":1912},[222,90609,1917,90611,90613],{"id":90610},"does-print-add-a-new-line-automatically",[15,90612,46522],{}," add a new line automatically?",[20,90615,90616,90617,90619,90620,36690],{},"Yes. By default, ",[15,90618,46522],{}," ends with a newline. You can change this with the ",[15,90621,52730],{},[222,90623,5248,90625,90627],{"id":90624},"can-print-show-more-than-one-value",[15,90626,46522],{}," show more than one value?",[20,90629,90630,90631,90633],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple arguments, and ",[15,90632,46522],{}," separates them with a space by default.",[222,90635,1963,90637,5239,90640,1943],{"id":90636},"why-does-printhello-return-none",[15,90638,90639],{},"print(\"Hello\")",[15,90641,208],{},[20,90643,29131,90644,90646],{},[15,90645,46522],{}," is used for displaying output, not for returning data.",[222,90648,90650],{"id":90649},"how-do-i-print-text-and-a-number-together","How do I print text and a number together?",[20,90652,90653],{},"Use multiple arguments:",[41,90655,90657],{"className":43,"code":90656,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(\"Age:\", 10)\n",[15,90658,90659],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,90660,90661,90663,90665,90667,90669,90671,90673,90675],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,90662,118],{"class":94},[50,90664,98],{"class":64},[50,90666,811],{"class":604},[50,90668,89368],{"class":608},[50,90670,811],{"class":604},[50,90672,72],{"class":64},[50,90674,6082],{"class":68},[50,90676,105],{"class":64},[20,90678,90679,90680,39998],{},"You can also convert the number with ",[15,90681,47754],{},[222,90683,5258,90685,4472,90687,1943],{"id":90684},"what-is-the-difference-between-sep-and-end",[15,90686,89508],{},[15,90688,52730],{},[158,90690,90691,90696],{},[161,90692,90693,90695],{},[15,90694,89508],{}," changes the separator between multiple values",[161,90697,90698,90700],{},[15,90699,52730],{}," changes what appears after the output",[36,90702,1975],{"id":1974},[158,90704,90705,90709,90715,90721,90726,90731],{},[161,90706,90707],{},[421,90708,51046],{"href":51045},[161,90710,90711],{},[421,90712,13,90713,1461],{"href":8298},[15,90714,3055],{},[161,90716,90717],{},[421,90718,13,90719,1461],{"href":42245},[15,90720,47754],{},[161,90722,90723],{},[421,90724,90725],{"href":89734},"How to format strings in Python",[161,90727,90728],{},[421,90729,90730],{"href":90244},"How to debug Python code",[161,90732,90733],{},[421,90734,90448],{"href":90447},[2018,90736,90737],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":90739},[90740,90741,90743,90744,90750,90751,90752,90757,90763,90765,90767,90778,90779,90790],{"id":2104,"depth":86,"text":2105},{"id":88912,"depth":86,"text":90742},"What print() does",{"id":180,"depth":86,"text":181},{"id":89148,"depth":86,"text":89149,"children":90745},[90746,90747,90748,90749],{"id":89157,"depth":108,"text":89158},{"id":89198,"depth":108,"text":89199},{"id":89230,"depth":108,"text":89231},{"id":89257,"depth":108,"text":89258},{"id":89299,"depth":86,"text":89300},{"id":89495,"depth":86,"text":89496},{"id":89535,"depth":86,"text":90753,"children":90754},"sep argument",[90755,90756],{"id":89548,"depth":108,"text":89549},{"id":89598,"depth":108,"text":89599},{"id":89738,"depth":86,"text":90758,"children":90759},"end argument",[90760,90761,90762],{"id":89752,"depth":108,"text":89549},{"id":89805,"depth":108,"text":89806},{"id":89861,"depth":108,"text":89862},{"id":89945,"depth":86,"text":90764},"print() returns None",{"id":90082,"depth":86,"text":90766},"When beginners use print()",{"id":1742,"depth":86,"text":1743,"children":90768},[90769,90770,90772,90774,90776],{"id":90255,"depth":108,"text":90256},{"id":90303,"depth":108,"text":90771},"Using print without parentheses in Python 3",{"id":90347,"depth":108,"text":90773},"Trying to join strings and numbers with +",{"id":90451,"depth":108,"text":90775},"Expecting print() to return a value",{"id":90493,"depth":108,"text":90777},"Misunderstanding sep and end",{"id":90523,"depth":86,"text":90524},{"id":1912,"depth":86,"text":1913,"children":90780},[90781,90783,90785,90787,90788],{"id":90610,"depth":108,"text":90782},"Does print() add a new line automatically?",{"id":90624,"depth":108,"text":90784},"Can print() show more than one value?",{"id":90636,"depth":108,"text":90786},"Why does print(\"Hello\") return None?",{"id":90649,"depth":108,"text":90650},{"id":90684,"depth":108,"text":90789},"What is the difference between sep and end?",{"id":1974,"depth":86,"text":1975},"Master python print function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained",{"title":88795,"description":90791},"reference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained","ahZWQtbTzoCwOmu5w2Uese6Ncgk-ftfLLIvMyuu3nQc",{"id":90798,"title":90799,"body":90800,"description":93103,"extension":2064,"meta":93104,"navigation":111,"path":93105,"seo":93106,"stem":93107,"__hash__":93108},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained.md","Python range() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":90801,"toc":93049},[90802,90807,90812,90825,90827,90892,90903,90908,90913,90915,90938,90941,90972,90974,90991,90996,91002,91007,91056,91059,91076,91082,91087,91110,91112,91140,91146,91154,91181,91183,91208,91214,91217,91248,91250,91279,91283,91286,91291,91313,91315,91343,91349,91355,91381,91383,91407,91413,91419,91449,91451,91479,91489,91493,91499,91532,91534,91563,91566,91569,91602,91604,91612,91618,91620,91643,91648,91657,91662,91676,91678,91718,91720,91750,91754,91789,91795,91799,91843,91845,91875,91881,91884,91963,91965,91987,91995,91998,92061,92068,92143,92149,92156,92161,92166,92189,92191,92212,92214,92227,92229,92276,92278,92317,92326,92328,92332,92336,92339,92366,92369,92398,92401,92425,92428,92436,92442,92464,92466,92494,92498,92503,92558,92563,92565,92622,92629,92638,92641,92673,92675,92683,92686,92692,92694,92717,92720,92726,92729,92748,92750,92769,92772,92794,92796,92824,92828,92832,92937,92939,92952,92954,92960,92963,92971,92976,92982,92988,92993,93001,93007,93014,93016,93046],[10,90803,13,90805,18],{"id":90804},"python-range-function-explained",[15,90806,2016],{},[20,90808,32387,90809,90811],{},[15,90810,2016],{}," function creates a sequence of numbers.",[20,90813,90814,90815,90817,90818,90820,90821,90824],{},"Beginners usually use it in ",[15,90816,6035],{}," loops to repeat something a certain number of times or to work with number patterns. A very important detail is that ",[15,90819,2016],{}," stops ",[3824,90822,90823],{},"before"," the end value.",[36,90826,2105],{"id":2104},[41,90828,90830],{"className":43,"code":90829,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n\n# Output:\n# 0\n# 1\n# 2\n# 3\n# 4\n",[15,90831,90832,90848,90858,90862,90867,90872,90877,90882,90887],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,90833,90834,90836,90838,90840,90842,90844,90846],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,90835,6035],{"class":3957},[50,90837,69609],{"class":56},[50,90839,3964],{"class":3957},[50,90841,54139],{"class":94},[50,90843,98],{"class":64},[50,90845,290],{"class":68},[50,90847,8421],{"class":64},[50,90849,90850,90852,90854,90856],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,90851,8148],{"class":94},[50,90853,98],{"class":64},[50,90855,36224],{"class":101},[50,90857,105],{"class":64},[50,90859,90860],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,90861,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,90863,90864],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,90865,90866],{"class":129},"# Output:\n",[50,90868,90869],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,90870,90871],{"class":129},"# 0\n",[50,90873,90874],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,90875,90876],{"class":129},"# 1\n",[50,90878,90879],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,90880,90881],{"class":129},"# 2\n",[50,90883,90884],{"class":52,"line":6503},[50,90885,90886],{"class":129},"# 3\n",[50,90888,90889],{"class":52,"line":6509},[50,90890,90891],{"class":129},"# 4\n",[20,90893,90894,90897,90898,90900,90901,425],{},[15,90895,90896],{},"range(5)"," creates numbers starting at ",[15,90899,2220],{}," and stopping before ",[15,90902,290],{},[36,90904,153,90906,156],{"id":90905},"what-range-does",[15,90907,2016],{},[20,90909,90910,90912],{},[15,90911,2016],{}," is used to generate numbers in order.",[20,90914,13125],{},[158,90916,90917,90922,90928,90933],{},[161,90918,90919,90921],{},[15,90920,2016],{}," creates a sequence of numbers",[161,90923,90924,90925,90927],{},"It is commonly used with ",[15,90926,6035],{}," loops",[161,90929,90930,90931],{},"The stop value is ",[3824,90932,65130],{},[161,90934,17491,90935,90937],{},[15,90936,60066],{}," object, not a regular list",[20,90939,90940],{},"You will often see it with a loop like this:",[41,90942,90944],{"className":43,"code":90943,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"for number in range(3):\n    print(number)\n",[15,90945,90946,90962],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,90947,90948,90950,90952,90954,90956,90958,90960],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,90949,6035],{"class":3957},[50,90951,6463],{"class":56},[50,90953,3964],{"class":3957},[50,90955,54139],{"class":94},[50,90957,98],{"class":64},[50,90959,69],{"class":68},[50,90961,8421],{"class":64},[50,90963,90964,90966,90968,90970],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,90965,8148],{"class":94},[50,90967,98],{"class":64},[50,90969,2338],{"class":101},[50,90971,105],{"class":64},[20,90973,353],{},[41,90975,90977],{"className":43,"code":90976,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"0\n1\n2\n",[15,90978,90979,90983,90987],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,90980,90981],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,90982,47322],{"class":68},[50,90984,90985],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,90986,46987],{"class":68},[50,90988,90989],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,90990,17128],{"class":68},[20,90992,90993,90994,425],{},"If you are still learning loops, see ",[421,90995,36098],{"href":36097},[36,90997,90999,91001],{"id":90998},"range-syntax",[15,91000,2016],{}," syntax",[20,91003,91004,91006],{},[15,91005,2016],{}," has three common forms:",[41,91008,91010],{"className":43,"code":91009,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"range(stop)\nrange(start, stop)\nrange(start, stop, step)\n",[15,91011,91012,91022,91037],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,91013,91014,91016,91018,91020],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,91015,60066],{"class":94},[50,91017,98],{"class":64},[50,91019,75481],{"class":101},[50,91021,105],{"class":64},[50,91023,91024,91026,91028,91030,91032,91035],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,91025,60066],{"class":94},[50,91027,98],{"class":64},[50,91029,36142],{"class":101},[50,91031,72],{"class":64},[50,91033,91034],{"class":101}," stop",[50,91036,105],{"class":64},[50,91038,91039,91041,91043,91045,91047,91049,91051,91054],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,91040,60066],{"class":94},[50,91042,98],{"class":64},[50,91044,36142],{"class":101},[50,91046,72],{"class":64},[50,91048,91034],{"class":101},[50,91050,72],{"class":64},[50,91052,91053],{"class":101}," step",[50,91055,105],{"class":64},[20,91057,91058],{},"Meaning of each argument:",[158,91060,91061,91066,91071],{},[161,91062,91063,91065],{},[15,91064,36142],{}," = first number",[161,91067,91068,91070],{},[15,91069,75481],{}," = end limit, not included",[161,91072,91073,91075],{},[15,91074,75484],{}," = amount to move each time",[222,91077,91079],{"id":91078},"rangestop",[15,91080,91081],{},"range(stop)",[20,91083,91084,91085,425],{},"When you give one value, Python treats it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,91086,2220],{},[41,91088,91090],{"className":43,"code":91089,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(list(range(5)))\n",[15,91091,91092],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,91093,91094,91096,91098,91100,91102,91104,91106,91108],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,91095,118],{"class":94},[50,91097,98],{"class":64},[50,91099,437],{"class":557},[50,91101,98],{"class":64},[50,91103,60066],{"class":94},[50,91105,98],{"class":64},[50,91107,290],{"class":68},[50,91109,569],{"class":64},[20,91111,353],{},[41,91113,91114],{"className":43,"code":60089,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,91115,91116],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,91117,91118,91120,91122,91124,91126,91128,91130,91132,91134,91136,91138],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,91119,363],{"class":64},[50,91121,2220],{"class":68},[50,91123,72],{"class":64},[50,91125,75],{"class":68},[50,91127,72],{"class":64},[50,91129,80],{"class":68},[50,91131,72],{"class":64},[50,91133,500],{"class":68},[50,91135,72],{"class":64},[50,91137,2554],{"class":68},[50,91139,83],{"class":64},[222,91141,91143],{"id":91142},"rangestart-stop",[15,91144,91145],{},"range(start, stop)",[20,91147,91148,91149,91151,91152,425],{},"This starts at ",[15,91150,36142],{}," and stops before ",[15,91153,75481],{},[41,91155,91157],{"className":43,"code":91156,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(list(range(2, 6)))\n",[15,91158,91159],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,91160,91161,91163,91165,91167,91169,91171,91173,91175,91177,91179],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,91162,118],{"class":94},[50,91164,98],{"class":64},[50,91166,437],{"class":557},[50,91168,98],{"class":64},[50,91170,60066],{"class":94},[50,91172,98],{"class":64},[50,91174,1564],{"class":68},[50,91176,72],{"class":64},[50,91178,37713],{"class":68},[50,91180,569],{"class":64},[20,91182,353],{},[41,91184,91186],{"className":43,"code":91185,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,91187,91188],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,91189,91190,91192,91194,91196,91198,91200,91202,91204,91206],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,91191,363],{"class":64},[50,91193,1564],{"class":68},[50,91195,72],{"class":64},[50,91197,500],{"class":68},[50,91199,72],{"class":64},[50,91201,2554],{"class":68},[50,91203,72],{"class":64},[50,91205,375],{"class":68},[50,91207,83],{"class":64},[222,91209,91211],{"id":91210},"rangestart-stop-step",[15,91212,91213],{},"range(start, stop, step)",[20,91215,91216],{},"This also lets you control how much the value changes each time.",[41,91218,91220],{"className":43,"code":91219,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(list(range(1, 10, 2)))\n",[15,91221,91222],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,91223,91224,91226,91228,91230,91232,91234,91236,91238,91240,91242,91244,91246],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,91225,118],{"class":94},[50,91227,98],{"class":64},[50,91229,437],{"class":557},[50,91231,98],{"class":64},[50,91233,60066],{"class":94},[50,91235,98],{"class":64},[50,91237,366],{"class":68},[50,91239,72],{"class":64},[50,91241,6082],{"class":68},[50,91243,72],{"class":64},[50,91245,80],{"class":68},[50,91247,569],{"class":64},[20,91249,353],{},[41,91251,91253],{"className":43,"code":91252,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]\n",[15,91254,91255],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,91256,91257,91259,91261,91263,91265,91267,91269,91271,91273,91275,91277],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,91258,363],{"class":64},[50,91260,366],{"class":68},[50,91262,72],{"class":64},[50,91264,500],{"class":68},[50,91266,72],{"class":64},[50,91268,375],{"class":68},[50,91270,72],{"class":64},[50,91272,6071],{"class":68},[50,91274,72],{"class":64},[50,91276,54205],{"class":68},[50,91278,83],{"class":64},[36,91280,91282],{"id":91281},"how-the-arguments-work","How the arguments work",[20,91284,91285],{},"Here are the most common patterns beginners use.",[222,91287,91289],{"id":91288},"range5",[15,91290,90896],{},[41,91292,91293],{"className":43,"code":91089,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,91294,91295],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,91296,91297,91299,91301,91303,91305,91307,91309,91311],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,91298,118],{"class":94},[50,91300,98],{"class":64},[50,91302,437],{"class":557},[50,91304,98],{"class":64},[50,91306,60066],{"class":94},[50,91308,98],{"class":64},[50,91310,290],{"class":68},[50,91312,569],{"class":64},[20,91314,353],{},[41,91316,91317],{"className":43,"code":60089,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,91318,91319],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,91320,91321,91323,91325,91327,91329,91331,91333,91335,91337,91339,91341],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,91322,363],{"class":64},[50,91324,2220],{"class":68},[50,91326,72],{"class":64},[50,91328,75],{"class":68},[50,91330,72],{"class":64},[50,91332,80],{"class":68},[50,91334,72],{"class":64},[50,91336,500],{"class":68},[50,91338,72],{"class":64},[50,91340,2554],{"class":68},[50,91342,83],{"class":64},[20,91344,91148,91345,91151,91347,425],{},[15,91346,2220],{},[15,91348,290],{},[222,91350,91352],{"id":91351},"range2-6",[15,91353,91354],{},"range(2, 6)",[41,91356,91357],{"className":43,"code":91156,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,91358,91359],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,91360,91361,91363,91365,91367,91369,91371,91373,91375,91377,91379],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,91362,118],{"class":94},[50,91364,98],{"class":64},[50,91366,437],{"class":557},[50,91368,98],{"class":64},[50,91370,60066],{"class":94},[50,91372,98],{"class":64},[50,91374,1564],{"class":68},[50,91376,72],{"class":64},[50,91378,37713],{"class":68},[50,91380,569],{"class":64},[20,91382,353],{},[41,91384,91385],{"className":43,"code":91185,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,91386,91387],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,91388,91389,91391,91393,91395,91397,91399,91401,91403,91405],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,91390,363],{"class":64},[50,91392,1564],{"class":68},[50,91394,72],{"class":64},[50,91396,500],{"class":68},[50,91398,72],{"class":64},[50,91400,2554],{"class":68},[50,91402,72],{"class":64},[50,91404,375],{"class":68},[50,91406,83],{"class":64},[20,91408,91148,91409,91151,91411,425],{},[15,91410,1564],{},[15,91412,80638],{},[222,91414,91416],{"id":91415},"range1-10-2",[15,91417,91418],{},"range(1, 10, 2)",[41,91420,91421],{"className":43,"code":91219,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,91422,91423],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,91424,91425,91427,91429,91431,91433,91435,91437,91439,91441,91443,91445,91447],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,91426,118],{"class":94},[50,91428,98],{"class":64},[50,91430,437],{"class":557},[50,91432,98],{"class":64},[50,91434,60066],{"class":94},[50,91436,98],{"class":64},[50,91438,366],{"class":68},[50,91440,72],{"class":64},[50,91442,6082],{"class":68},[50,91444,72],{"class":64},[50,91446,80],{"class":68},[50,91448,569],{"class":64},[20,91450,353],{},[41,91452,91453],{"className":43,"code":91252,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,91454,91455],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,91456,91457,91459,91461,91463,91465,91467,91469,91471,91473,91475,91477],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,91458,363],{"class":64},[50,91460,366],{"class":68},[50,91462,72],{"class":64},[50,91464,500],{"class":68},[50,91466,72],{"class":64},[50,91468,375],{"class":68},[50,91470,72],{"class":64},[50,91472,6071],{"class":68},[50,91474,72],{"class":64},[50,91476,54205],{"class":68},[50,91478,83],{"class":64},[20,91480,91481,91482,91484,91485,61365,91487,425],{},"This moves by ",[15,91483,1564],{}," each time, so it gives odd numbers from ",[15,91486,366],{},[15,91488,2244],{},[222,91490,91492],{"id":91491},"using-a-negative-step","Using a negative step",[20,91494,91495,91496,91498],{},"A negative step makes ",[15,91497,2016],{}," count backward.",[41,91500,91502],{"className":43,"code":91501,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(list(range(5, 0, -1)))\n",[15,91503,91504],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,91505,91506,91508,91510,91512,91514,91516,91518,91520,91522,91524,91526,91528,91530],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,91507,118],{"class":94},[50,91509,98],{"class":64},[50,91511,437],{"class":557},[50,91513,98],{"class":64},[50,91515,60066],{"class":94},[50,91517,98],{"class":64},[50,91519,290],{"class":68},[50,91521,72],{"class":64},[50,91523,3914],{"class":68},[50,91525,72],{"class":64},[50,91527,2321],{"class":60},[50,91529,366],{"class":68},[50,91531,569],{"class":64},[20,91533,353],{},[41,91535,91537],{"className":43,"code":91536,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]\n",[15,91538,91539],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,91540,91541,91543,91545,91547,91549,91551,91553,91555,91557,91559,91561],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,91542,363],{"class":64},[50,91544,290],{"class":68},[50,91546,72],{"class":64},[50,91548,2554],{"class":68},[50,91550,72],{"class":64},[50,91552,500],{"class":68},[50,91554,72],{"class":64},[50,91556,80],{"class":68},[50,91558,72],{"class":64},[50,91560,75],{"class":68},[50,91562,83],{"class":64},[20,91564,91565],{},"This works because the numbers move downward.",[20,91567,91568],{},"If the direction does not match the step, you may get an empty result:",[41,91570,91572],{"className":43,"code":91571,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(list(range(1, 5, -1)))\n",[15,91573,91574],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,91575,91576,91578,91580,91582,91584,91586,91588,91590,91592,91594,91596,91598,91600],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,91577,118],{"class":94},[50,91579,98],{"class":64},[50,91581,437],{"class":557},[50,91583,98],{"class":64},[50,91585,60066],{"class":94},[50,91587,98],{"class":64},[50,91589,366],{"class":68},[50,91591,72],{"class":64},[50,91593,375],{"class":68},[50,91595,72],{"class":64},[50,91597,2321],{"class":60},[50,91599,366],{"class":68},[50,91601,569],{"class":64},[20,91603,353],{},[41,91605,91606],{"className":43,"code":38367,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,91607,91608],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,91609,91610],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,91611,38367],{"class":64},[222,91613,91614,76643,91616],{"id":76867},[15,91615,75484],{},[15,91617,2220],{},[20,91619,2934],{},[41,91621,91623],{"className":43,"code":91622,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"range(1, 5, 0)\n",[15,91624,91625],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,91626,91627,91629,91631,91633,91635,91637,91639,91641],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,91628,60066],{"class":94},[50,91630,98],{"class":64},[50,91632,366],{"class":68},[50,91634,72],{"class":64},[50,91636,375],{"class":68},[50,91638,72],{"class":64},[50,91640,3914],{"class":68},[50,91642,105],{"class":64},[20,91644,76912,91645,91647],{},[15,91646,40773],{}," because it cannot move by zero.",[36,91649,914,91651,91653,91654,91656],{"id":91650},"using-range-in-a-for-loop",[15,91652,2016],{}," in a ",[15,91655,6035],{}," loop",[20,91658,91659,91661],{},[15,91660,2016],{}," is most useful when:",[158,91663,91664,91667,91670],{},[161,91665,91666],{},"You want to repeat something a set number of times",[161,91668,91669],{},"You need the current number in each loop",[161,91671,91672,91673],{},"You are using the common pattern ",[15,91674,91675],{},"for i in range(n)",[20,91677,1602],{},[41,91679,91681],{"className":43,"code":91680,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"for i in range(3):\n    print(\"Loop number:\", i)\n",[15,91682,91683,91699],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,91684,91685,91687,91689,91691,91693,91695,91697],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,91686,6035],{"class":3957},[50,91688,69609],{"class":56},[50,91690,3964],{"class":3957},[50,91692,54139],{"class":94},[50,91694,98],{"class":64},[50,91696,69],{"class":68},[50,91698,8421],{"class":64},[50,91700,91701,91703,91705,91707,91710,91712,91714,91716],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,91702,8148],{"class":94},[50,91704,98],{"class":64},[50,91706,811],{"class":604},[50,91708,91709],{"class":608},"Loop number:",[50,91711,811],{"class":604},[50,91713,72],{"class":64},[50,91715,36199],{"class":101},[50,91717,105],{"class":64},[20,91719,353],{},[41,91721,91723],{"className":43,"code":91722,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Loop number: 0\nLoop number: 1\nLoop number: 2\n",[15,91724,91725,91734,91742],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,91726,91727,91730,91732],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,91728,91729],{"class":56},"Loop number",[50,91731,819],{"class":64},[50,91733,38581],{"class":68},[50,91735,91736,91738,91740],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,91737,91729],{"class":56},[50,91739,819],{"class":64},[50,91741,29684],{"class":68},[50,91743,91744,91746,91748],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,91745,91729],{"class":56},[50,91747,819],{"class":64},[50,91749,45659],{"class":68},[222,91751,91753],{"id":91752},"repeating-something-a-fixed-number-of-times","Repeating something a fixed number of times",[41,91755,91757],{"className":43,"code":91756,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"for i in range(5):\n    print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,91758,91759,91775],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,91760,91761,91763,91765,91767,91769,91771,91773],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,91762,6035],{"class":3957},[50,91764,69609],{"class":56},[50,91766,3964],{"class":3957},[50,91768,54139],{"class":94},[50,91770,98],{"class":64},[50,91772,290],{"class":68},[50,91774,8421],{"class":64},[50,91776,91777,91779,91781,91783,91785,91787],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,91778,8148],{"class":94},[50,91780,98],{"class":64},[50,91782,811],{"class":604},[50,91784,34937],{"class":608},[50,91786,811],{"class":604},[50,91788,105],{"class":64},[20,91790,91791,91792,91794],{},"This prints ",[15,91793,90460],{}," five times.",[222,91796,91798],{"id":91797},"using-the-current-number","Using the current number",[41,91800,91802],{"className":43,"code":91801,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"for i in range(1, 4):\n    print(\"Current number is\", i)\n",[15,91803,91804,91824],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,91805,91806,91808,91810,91812,91814,91816,91818,91820,91822],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,91807,6035],{"class":3957},[50,91809,69609],{"class":56},[50,91811,3964],{"class":3957},[50,91813,54139],{"class":94},[50,91815,98],{"class":64},[50,91817,366],{"class":68},[50,91819,72],{"class":64},[50,91821,2554],{"class":68},[50,91823,8421],{"class":64},[50,91825,91826,91828,91830,91832,91835,91837,91839,91841],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,91827,8148],{"class":94},[50,91829,98],{"class":64},[50,91831,811],{"class":604},[50,91833,91834],{"class":608},"Current number is",[50,91836,811],{"class":604},[50,91838,72],{"class":64},[50,91840,36199],{"class":101},[50,91842,105],{"class":64},[20,91844,353],{},[41,91846,91848],{"className":43,"code":91847,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Current number is 1\nCurrent number is 2\nCurrent number is 3\n",[15,91849,91850,91859,91867],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,91851,91852,91855,91857],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,91853,91854],{"class":56},"Current number ",[50,91856,12268],{"class":60},[50,91858,29684],{"class":68},[50,91860,91861,91863,91865],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,91862,91854],{"class":56},[50,91864,12268],{"class":60},[50,91866,45659],{"class":68},[50,91868,91869,91871,91873],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,91870,91854],{"class":56},[50,91872,12268],{"class":60},[50,91874,2675],{"class":68},[222,91876,91878,91880],{"id":91877},"range-and-indexing",[15,91879,2016],{}," and indexing",[20,91882,91883],{},"You may see code like this:",[41,91885,91887],{"className":43,"code":91886,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(items)):\n    print(i, items[i])\n",[15,91888,91889,91921,91925,91945],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,91890,91891,91893,91895,91897,91899,91901,91903,91905,91907,91909,91911,91913,91915,91917,91919],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,91892,7859],{"class":56},[50,91894,61],{"class":60},[50,91896,65],{"class":64},[50,91898,811],{"class":604},[50,91900,421],{"class":608},[50,91902,811],{"class":604},[50,91904,72],{"class":64},[50,91906,700],{"class":604},[50,91908,4839],{"class":608},[50,91910,811],{"class":604},[50,91912,72],{"class":64},[50,91914,700],{"class":604},[50,91916,9817],{"class":608},[50,91918,811],{"class":604},[50,91920,83],{"class":64},[50,91922,91923],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,91924,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,91926,91927,91929,91931,91933,91935,91937,91939,91941,91943],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,91928,6035],{"class":3957},[50,91930,69609],{"class":56},[50,91932,3964],{"class":3957},[50,91934,54139],{"class":94},[50,91936,98],{"class":64},[50,91938,1267],{"class":94},[50,91940,98],{"class":64},[50,91942,7888],{"class":101},[50,91944,69624],{"class":64},[50,91946,91947,91949,91951,91953,91955,91957,91959,91961],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,91948,8148],{"class":94},[50,91950,98],{"class":64},[50,91952,36224],{"class":101},[50,91954,72],{"class":64},[50,91956,6043],{"class":101},[50,91958,363],{"class":64},[50,91960,36224],{"class":101},[50,91962,3970],{"class":64},[20,91964,353],{},[41,91966,91967],{"className":43,"code":36236,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,91968,91969,91975,91981],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,91970,91971,91973],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,91972,2220],{"class":68},[50,91974,36245],{"class":56},[50,91976,91977,91979],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,91978,366],{"class":68},[50,91980,36252],{"class":56},[50,91982,91983,91985],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,91984,1564],{"class":68},[50,91986,36259],{"class":56},[20,91988,91989,91990,91994],{},"This works, and it uses ",[421,91991,91992],{"href":1458},[15,91993,1454],{}," to get the number of items.",[20,91996,91997],{},"But for beginners, direct looping is often simpler:",[41,91999,92001],{"className":43,"code":92000,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor item in items:\n    print(item)\n",[15,92002,92003,92035,92039,92051],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,92004,92005,92007,92009,92011,92013,92015,92017,92019,92021,92023,92025,92027,92029,92031,92033],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,92006,7859],{"class":56},[50,92008,61],{"class":60},[50,92010,65],{"class":64},[50,92012,811],{"class":604},[50,92014,421],{"class":608},[50,92016,811],{"class":604},[50,92018,72],{"class":64},[50,92020,700],{"class":604},[50,92022,4839],{"class":608},[50,92024,811],{"class":604},[50,92026,72],{"class":64},[50,92028,700],{"class":604},[50,92030,9817],{"class":608},[50,92032,811],{"class":604},[50,92034,83],{"class":64},[50,92036,92037],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,92038,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,92040,92041,92043,92045,92047,92049],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,92042,6035],{"class":3957},[50,92044,6038],{"class":56},[50,92046,3964],{"class":3957},[50,92048,6043],{"class":56},[50,92050,6470],{"class":64},[50,92052,92053,92055,92057,92059],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,92054,8148],{"class":94},[50,92056,98],{"class":64},[50,92058,23379],{"class":101},[50,92060,105],{"class":64},[20,92062,36661,92063,92067],{},[421,92064,92065],{"href":2005},[15,92066,2008],{}," is usually a better choice:",[41,92069,92071],{"className":43,"code":92070,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor index, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(index, item)\n",[15,92072,92073,92105,92109,92129],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,92074,92075,92077,92079,92081,92083,92085,92087,92089,92091,92093,92095,92097,92099,92101,92103],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,92076,7859],{"class":56},[50,92078,61],{"class":60},[50,92080,65],{"class":64},[50,92082,811],{"class":604},[50,92084,421],{"class":608},[50,92086,811],{"class":604},[50,92088,72],{"class":64},[50,92090,700],{"class":604},[50,92092,4839],{"class":608},[50,92094,811],{"class":604},[50,92096,72],{"class":64},[50,92098,700],{"class":604},[50,92100,9817],{"class":608},[50,92102,811],{"class":604},[50,92104,83],{"class":64},[50,92106,92107],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,92108,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,92110,92111,92113,92115,92117,92119,92121,92123,92125,92127],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,92112,6035],{"class":3957},[50,92114,35890],{"class":56},[50,92116,72],{"class":64},[50,92118,6038],{"class":56},[50,92120,3964],{"class":3957},[50,92122,35900],{"class":94},[50,92124,98],{"class":64},[50,92126,7888],{"class":101},[50,92128,8421],{"class":64},[50,92130,92131,92133,92135,92137,92139,92141],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,92132,8148],{"class":94},[50,92134,98],{"class":64},[50,92136,35915],{"class":101},[50,92138,72],{"class":64},[50,92140,29576],{"class":101},[50,92142,105],{"class":64},[20,92144,79166,92145,425],{},[421,92146,36674,92147,36677],{"href":36673},[15,92148,2008],{},[36,92150,92152,92153,92155],{"id":92151},"converting-range-to-a-list","Converting ",[15,92154,2016],{}," to a list",[20,92157,92158,92160],{},[15,92159,2016],{}," does not directly show all numbers as a normal list.",[20,92162,92163,92164,819],{},"To see the values, convert it with ",[15,92165,24849],{},[41,92167,92169],{"className":43,"code":92168,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(list(range(3)))\n",[15,92170,92171],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,92172,92173,92175,92177,92179,92181,92183,92185,92187],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,92174,118],{"class":94},[50,92176,98],{"class":64},[50,92178,437],{"class":557},[50,92180,98],{"class":64},[50,92182,60066],{"class":94},[50,92184,98],{"class":64},[50,92186,69],{"class":68},[50,92188,569],{"class":64},[20,92190,353],{},[41,92192,92194],{"className":43,"code":92193,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[0, 1, 2]\n",[15,92195,92196],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,92197,92198,92200,92202,92204,92206,92208,92210],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,92199,363],{"class":64},[50,92201,2220],{"class":68},[50,92203,72],{"class":64},[50,92205,75],{"class":68},[50,92207,72],{"class":64},[50,92209,80],{"class":68},[50,92211,83],{"class":64},[20,92213,33382],{},[158,92215,92216,92221,92224],{},[161,92217,92218,92219,42155],{},"learning how ",[15,92220,2016],{},[161,92222,92223],{},"checking your values",[161,92225,92226],{},"debugging code",[20,92228,5551],{},[41,92230,92232],{"className":43,"code":92231,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = range(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(list(numbers))\n",[15,92233,92234,92248,92252,92262],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,92235,92236,92238,92240,92242,92244,92246],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,92237,57],{"class":56},[50,92239,61],{"class":60},[50,92241,54139],{"class":94},[50,92243,98],{"class":64},[50,92245,2602],{"class":68},[50,92247,105],{"class":64},[50,92249,92250],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,92251,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,92253,92254,92256,92258,92260],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,92255,118],{"class":94},[50,92257,98],{"class":64},[50,92259,102],{"class":101},[50,92261,105],{"class":64},[50,92263,92264,92266,92268,92270,92272,92274],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,92265,118],{"class":94},[50,92267,98],{"class":64},[50,92269,437],{"class":557},[50,92271,98],{"class":64},[50,92273,102],{"class":101},[50,92275,478],{"class":64},[20,92277,353],{},[41,92279,92281],{"className":43,"code":92280,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"range(0, 4)\n[0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,92282,92283,92297],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,92284,92285,92287,92289,92291,92293,92295],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,92286,60066],{"class":94},[50,92288,98],{"class":64},[50,92290,2220],{"class":68},[50,92292,72],{"class":64},[50,92294,2554],{"class":68},[50,92296,105],{"class":64},[50,92298,92299,92301,92303,92305,92307,92309,92311,92313,92315],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,92300,363],{"class":64},[50,92302,2220],{"class":68},[50,92304,72],{"class":64},[50,92306,75],{"class":68},[50,92308,72],{"class":64},[50,92310,80],{"class":68},[50,92312,72],{"class":64},[50,92314,500],{"class":68},[50,92316,83],{"class":64},[20,92318,92319,92320,1467,92322,92325],{},"If you want to understand this difference more clearly, see Python ",[15,92321,60066],{},[15,92323,92324],{},"list(range)"," explained.",[36,92327,4598],{"id":4597},[20,92329,33611,92330,425],{},[15,92331,2016],{},[222,92333,92335],{"id":92334},"expecting-the-stop-value-to-be-included","Expecting the stop value to be included",[20,92337,92338],{},"Many beginners think this:",[41,92340,92342],{"className":43,"code":92341,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(list(range(1, 5)))\n",[15,92343,92344],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,92345,92346,92348,92350,92352,92354,92356,92358,92360,92362,92364],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,92347,118],{"class":94},[50,92349,98],{"class":64},[50,92351,437],{"class":557},[50,92353,98],{"class":64},[50,92355,60066],{"class":94},[50,92357,98],{"class":64},[50,92359,366],{"class":68},[50,92361,72],{"class":64},[50,92363,375],{"class":68},[50,92365,569],{"class":64},[20,92367,92368],{},"will produce:",[41,92370,92372],{"className":43,"code":92371,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,92373,92374],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,92375,92376,92378,92380,92382,92384,92386,92388,92390,92392,92394,92396],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,92377,363],{"class":64},[50,92379,366],{"class":68},[50,92381,72],{"class":64},[50,92383,80],{"class":68},[50,92385,72],{"class":64},[50,92387,500],{"class":68},[50,92389,72],{"class":64},[50,92391,2554],{"class":68},[50,92393,72],{"class":64},[50,92395,375],{"class":68},[50,92397,83],{"class":64},[20,92399,92400],{},"But the real output is:",[41,92402,92403],{"className":43,"code":53574,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,92404,92405],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,92406,92407,92409,92411,92413,92415,92417,92419,92421,92423],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,92408,363],{"class":64},[50,92410,366],{"class":68},[50,92412,72],{"class":64},[50,92414,80],{"class":68},[50,92416,72],{"class":64},[50,92418,500],{"class":68},[50,92420,72],{"class":64},[50,92422,2554],{"class":68},[50,92424,83],{"class":64},[20,92426,92427],{},"The stop value is excluded.",[222,92429,1748,92431,92433,92434],{"id":92430},"assuming-range5-starts-at-1",[15,92432,90896],{}," starts at ",[15,92435,366],{},[20,92437,37537,92438,19033,92440,425],{},[15,92439,2220],{},[15,92441,366],{},[41,92443,92444],{"className":43,"code":91089,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,92445,92446],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,92447,92448,92450,92452,92454,92456,92458,92460,92462],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,92449,118],{"class":94},[50,92451,98],{"class":64},[50,92453,437],{"class":557},[50,92455,98],{"class":64},[50,92457,60066],{"class":94},[50,92459,98],{"class":64},[50,92461,290],{"class":68},[50,92463,569],{"class":64},[20,92465,353],{},[41,92467,92468],{"className":43,"code":60089,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,92469,92470],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,92471,92472,92474,92476,92478,92480,92482,92484,92486,92488,92490,92492],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,92473,363],{"class":64},[50,92475,2220],{"class":68},[50,92477,72],{"class":64},[50,92479,75],{"class":68},[50,92481,72],{"class":64},[50,92483,80],{"class":68},[50,92485,72],{"class":64},[50,92487,500],{"class":68},[50,92489,72],{"class":64},[50,92491,2554],{"class":68},[50,92493,83],{"class":64},[222,92495,92497],{"id":92496},"using-a-string-instead-of-an-integer","Using a string instead of an integer",[20,92499,92500,92501,819],{},"This often happens with ",[15,92502,3055],{},[41,92504,92506],{"className":43,"code":92505,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"user_number = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,92507,92508,92527,92531,92548],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,92509,92510,92513,92515,92517,92519,92521,92523,92525],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,92511,92512],{"class":56},"user_number ",[50,92514,61],{"class":60},[50,92516,8321],{"class":94},[50,92518,98],{"class":64},[50,92520,811],{"class":604},[50,92522,41941],{"class":608},[50,92524,811],{"class":604},[50,92526,105],{"class":64},[50,92528,92529],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,92530,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,92532,92533,92535,92537,92539,92541,92543,92546],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,92534,6035],{"class":3957},[50,92536,69609],{"class":56},[50,92538,3964],{"class":3957},[50,92540,54139],{"class":94},[50,92542,98],{"class":64},[50,92544,92545],{"class":101},"user_number",[50,92547,8421],{"class":64},[50,92549,92550,92552,92554,92556],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,92551,8148],{"class":94},[50,92553,98],{"class":64},[50,92555,36224],{"class":101},[50,92557,105],{"class":64},[20,92559,1654,92560,92562],{},[15,92561,3055],{}," returns a string.",[20,92564,10883],{},[41,92566,92568],{"className":43,"code":92567,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"user_number = int(input(\"Enter a number: \"))\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,92569,92570,92592,92596,92612],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,92571,92572,92574,92576,92578,92580,92582,92584,92586,92588,92590],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,92573,92512],{"class":56},[50,92575,61],{"class":60},[50,92577,45346],{"class":557},[50,92579,98],{"class":64},[50,92581,42531],{"class":94},[50,92583,98],{"class":64},[50,92585,811],{"class":604},[50,92587,41941],{"class":608},[50,92589,811],{"class":604},[50,92591,478],{"class":64},[50,92593,92594],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,92595,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,92597,92598,92600,92602,92604,92606,92608,92610],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,92599,6035],{"class":3957},[50,92601,69609],{"class":56},[50,92603,3964],{"class":3957},[50,92605,54139],{"class":94},[50,92607,98],{"class":64},[50,92609,92545],{"class":101},[50,92611,8421],{"class":64},[50,92613,92614,92616,92618,92620],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,92615,8148],{"class":94},[50,92617,98],{"class":64},[50,92619,36224],{"class":101},[50,92621,105],{"class":64},[20,92623,92624,92625,425],{},"If you see an error here, read ",[421,92626,50593,92627],{"href":50592},[15,92628,50596],{},[222,92630,92632,92633,92635,92636],{"id":92631},"using-a-negative-step-with-start-smaller-than-stop","Using a negative step with ",[15,92634,36142],{}," smaller than ",[15,92637,75481],{},[20,92639,92640],{},"This does not count backward correctly:",[41,92642,92643],{"className":43,"code":91571,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,92644,92645],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,92646,92647,92649,92651,92653,92655,92657,92659,92661,92663,92665,92667,92669,92671],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,92648,118],{"class":94},[50,92650,98],{"class":64},[50,92652,437],{"class":557},[50,92654,98],{"class":64},[50,92656,60066],{"class":94},[50,92658,98],{"class":64},[50,92660,366],{"class":68},[50,92662,72],{"class":64},[50,92664,375],{"class":68},[50,92666,72],{"class":64},[50,92668,2321],{"class":60},[50,92670,366],{"class":68},[50,92672,569],{"class":64},[20,92674,353],{},[41,92676,92677],{"className":43,"code":38367,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,92678,92679],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,92680,92681],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,92682,38367],{"class":64},[20,92684,92685],{},"If the step is negative, the start usually needs to be larger than the stop.",[222,92687,25685,92689],{"id":92688},"trying-to-use-step-0",[15,92690,92691],{},"step = 0",[20,92693,77623],{},[41,92695,92697],{"className":43,"code":92696,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"range(1, 10, 0)\n",[15,92698,92699],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,92700,92701,92703,92705,92707,92709,92711,92713,92715],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,92702,60066],{"class":94},[50,92704,98],{"class":64},[50,92706,366],{"class":68},[50,92708,72],{"class":64},[50,92710,6082],{"class":68},[50,92712,72],{"class":64},[50,92714,3914],{"class":68},[50,92716,105],{"class":64},[20,92718,92719],{},"Python raises an error because the sequence cannot move.",[222,92721,1756,92723,92725],{"id":92722},"forgetting-that-range-is-not-a-list",[15,92724,2016],{}," is not a list",[20,92727,92728],{},"This can confuse beginners when printing values:",[41,92730,92732],{"className":43,"code":92731,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(range(5))\n",[15,92733,92734],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,92735,92736,92738,92740,92742,92744,92746],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,92737,118],{"class":94},[50,92739,98],{"class":64},[50,92741,60066],{"class":94},[50,92743,98],{"class":64},[50,92745,290],{"class":68},[50,92747,478],{"class":64},[20,92749,353],{},[41,92751,92753],{"className":43,"code":92752,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"range(0, 5)\n",[15,92754,92755],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,92756,92757,92759,92761,92763,92765,92767],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,92758,60066],{"class":94},[50,92760,98],{"class":64},[50,92762,2220],{"class":68},[50,92764,72],{"class":64},[50,92766,375],{"class":68},[50,92768,105],{"class":64},[20,92770,92771],{},"To see the numbers, use:",[41,92773,92774],{"className":43,"code":91089,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,92775,92776],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,92777,92778,92780,92782,92784,92786,92788,92790,92792],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,92779,118],{"class":94},[50,92781,98],{"class":64},[50,92783,437],{"class":557},[50,92785,98],{"class":64},[50,92787,60066],{"class":94},[50,92789,98],{"class":64},[50,92791,290],{"class":68},[50,92793,569],{"class":64},[20,92795,353],{},[41,92797,92798],{"className":43,"code":60089,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,92799,92800],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,92801,92802,92804,92806,92808,92810,92812,92814,92816,92818,92820,92822],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,92803,363],{"class":64},[50,92805,2220],{"class":68},[50,92807,72],{"class":64},[50,92809,75],{"class":68},[50,92811,72],{"class":64},[50,92813,80],{"class":68},[50,92815,72],{"class":64},[50,92817,500],{"class":68},[50,92819,72],{"class":64},[50,92821,2554],{"class":68},[50,92823,83],{"class":64},[36,92825,92827],{"id":92826},"useful-checks-while-debugging","Useful checks while debugging",[20,92829,8955,92830,82384],{},[15,92831,2016],{},[41,92833,92835],{"className":43,"code":92834,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(list(range(2, 8)))\nprint(list(range(10, 0, -2)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\n",[15,92836,92837,92851,92869,92891,92919],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,92838,92839,92841,92843,92845,92847,92849],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,92840,118],{"class":94},[50,92842,98],{"class":64},[50,92844,60066],{"class":94},[50,92846,98],{"class":64},[50,92848,290],{"class":68},[50,92850,478],{"class":64},[50,92852,92853,92855,92857,92859,92861,92863,92865,92867],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,92854,118],{"class":94},[50,92856,98],{"class":64},[50,92858,437],{"class":557},[50,92860,98],{"class":64},[50,92862,60066],{"class":94},[50,92864,98],{"class":64},[50,92866,290],{"class":68},[50,92868,569],{"class":64},[50,92870,92871,92873,92875,92877,92879,92881,92883,92885,92887,92889],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,92872,118],{"class":94},[50,92874,98],{"class":64},[50,92876,437],{"class":557},[50,92878,98],{"class":64},[50,92880,60066],{"class":94},[50,92882,98],{"class":64},[50,92884,1564],{"class":68},[50,92886,72],{"class":64},[50,92888,299],{"class":68},[50,92890,569],{"class":64},[50,92892,92893,92895,92897,92899,92901,92903,92905,92907,92909,92911,92913,92915,92917],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,92894,118],{"class":94},[50,92896,98],{"class":64},[50,92898,437],{"class":557},[50,92900,98],{"class":64},[50,92902,60066],{"class":94},[50,92904,98],{"class":64},[50,92906,1618],{"class":68},[50,92908,72],{"class":64},[50,92910,3914],{"class":68},[50,92912,72],{"class":64},[50,92914,2321],{"class":60},[50,92916,1564],{"class":68},[50,92918,569],{"class":64},[50,92920,92921,92923,92925,92927,92929,92931,92933,92935],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,92922,118],{"class":94},[50,92924,98],{"class":64},[50,92926,558],{"class":557},[50,92928,98],{"class":64},[50,92930,60066],{"class":94},[50,92932,98],{"class":64},[50,92934,290],{"class":68},[50,92936,569],{"class":64},[20,92938,26077],{},[158,92940,92941,92944,92947],{},[161,92942,92943],{},"what values are being created",[161,92945,92946],{},"whether the direction is correct",[161,92948,92949,92950,24686],{},"whether you are working with a ",[15,92951,60066],{},[36,92953,1913],{"id":1912},[222,92955,1917,92957,92959],{"id":92956},"does-range-include-the-last-number",[15,92958,2016],{}," include the last number?",[20,92961,92962],{},"No. The stop value is excluded.",[222,92964,1963,92966,92968,92969,1943],{"id":92965},"why-does-range5-start-at-0",[15,92967,90896],{}," start at ",[15,92970,2220],{},[20,92972,92973,92974,425],{},"When only one argument is given, Python uses it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,92975,2220],{},[222,92977,5248,92979,92981],{"id":92978},"can-range-count-backward",[15,92980,2016],{}," count backward?",[20,92983,92984,92985,425],{},"Yes. Use a negative step, such as ",[15,92986,92987],{},"range(5, 0, -1)",[222,92989,14975,92991,26112],{"id":92990},"is-range-a-list",[15,92992,2016],{},[20,92994,26115,92995,92997,92998,24007],{},[15,92996,60066],{}," object. Use ",[15,92999,93000],{},"list(range(...))",[222,93002,1963,93004,48754],{"id":93003},"why-does-rangeinput-fail",[15,93005,93006],{},"range(input())",[20,93008,93009,3574,93011,425],{},[15,93010,3055],{},[15,93012,93013],{},"int(input())",[36,93015,1975],{"id":1974},[158,93017,93018,93022,93028,93034,93040],{},[161,93019,93020],{},[421,93021,36098],{"href":36097},[161,93023,93024],{},[421,93025,13,93026,1461],{"href":1458},[15,93027,1454],{},[161,93029,93030],{},[421,93031,13,93032,1461],{"href":2005},[15,93033,2008],{},[161,93035,93036],{},[421,93037,37588,93038,36677],{"href":36673},[15,93039,2008],{},[161,93041,93042],{},[421,93043,50593,93044],{"href":50592},[15,93045,50596],{},[2018,93047,93048],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":93050},[93051,93052,93054,93060,93068,93075,93077,93089,93090,93102],{"id":2104,"depth":86,"text":2105},{"id":90905,"depth":86,"text":93053},"What range() does",{"id":90998,"depth":86,"text":93055,"children":93056},"range() syntax",[93057,93058,93059],{"id":91078,"depth":108,"text":91081},{"id":91142,"depth":108,"text":91145},{"id":91210,"depth":108,"text":91213},{"id":91281,"depth":86,"text":91282,"children":93061},[93062,93063,93064,93065,93066],{"id":91288,"depth":108,"text":90896},{"id":91351,"depth":108,"text":91354},{"id":91415,"depth":108,"text":91418},{"id":91491,"depth":108,"text":91492},{"id":76867,"depth":108,"text":93067},"step cannot be 0",{"id":91650,"depth":86,"text":93069,"children":93070},"Using range() in a for loop",[93071,93072,93073],{"id":91752,"depth":108,"text":91753},{"id":91797,"depth":108,"text":91798},{"id":91877,"depth":108,"text":93074},"range() and indexing",{"id":92151,"depth":86,"text":93076},"Converting range() to a list",{"id":4597,"depth":86,"text":4598,"children":93078},[93079,93080,93082,93083,93085,93087],{"id":92334,"depth":108,"text":92335},{"id":92430,"depth":108,"text":93081},"Assuming range(5) starts at 1",{"id":92496,"depth":108,"text":92497},{"id":92631,"depth":108,"text":93084},"Using a negative step with start smaller than stop",{"id":92688,"depth":108,"text":93086},"Trying to use step = 0",{"id":92722,"depth":108,"text":93088},"Forgetting that range() is not a list",{"id":92826,"depth":86,"text":92827},{"id":1912,"depth":86,"text":1913,"children":93091},[93092,93094,93096,93098,93100],{"id":92956,"depth":108,"text":93093},"Does range() include the last number?",{"id":92965,"depth":108,"text":93095},"Why does range(5) start at 0?",{"id":92978,"depth":108,"text":93097},"Can range() count backward?",{"id":92990,"depth":108,"text":93099},"Is range() a list?",{"id":93003,"depth":108,"text":93101},"Why does range(input()) fail?",{"id":1974,"depth":86,"text":1975},"Master python range function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained",{"title":90799,"description":93103},"reference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained","WM74kaur77O7To2YFL58_24yQPMusxcx03D4i7kex70",{"id":93110,"title":93111,"body":93112,"description":94784,"extension":2064,"meta":94785,"navigation":111,"path":94786,"seo":94787,"stem":94788,"__hash__":94789},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained.md","Python range() vs list(range()) Explained",{"type":7,"value":93113,"toc":94757},[93114,93123,93130,93147,93163,93165,93214,93222,93226,93229,93249,93251,93315,93317,93360,93363,93408,93410,93443,93453,93459,93467,93484,93486,93517,93519,93544,93549,93560,93563,93633,93635,93666,93671,93676,93693,93695,93746,93748,93781,93784,93791,93796,93800,93816,93818,93862,93864,93910,93913,93926,93931,93935,93949,93951,94002,94004,94037,94042,94044,94051,94053,94076,94078,94143,94145,94162,94165,94198,94200,94228,94238,94245,94249,94252,94270,94273,94301,94304,94322,94327,94333,94336,94358,94360,94388,94390,94393,94418,94421,94534,94536,94615,94617,94623,94628,94636,94644,94648,94651,94653,94686,94688,94696,94702,94709,94716,94719,94721,94754],[10,93115,13,93117,1467,93119,93122],{"id":93116},"python-range-vs-listrange-explained",[15,93118,2016],{},[15,93120,93121],{},"list(range())"," Explained",[20,93124,93125,4472,93127,93129],{},[15,93126,2016],{},[15,93128,93121],{}," can represent the same numbers, but they are not the same thing.",[158,93131,93132,93140],{},[161,93133,93134,93136,93137],{},[15,93135,2016],{}," creates a ",[3824,93138,93139],{},"range object",[161,93141,93142,93136,93144],{},[15,93143,93121],{},[3824,93145,93146],{},"real list",[20,93148,93149,93150,93152,93153,93156,93157,93159,93160,93162],{},"This matters because beginners often expect ",[15,93151,90896],{}," to behave exactly like ",[15,93154,93155],{},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]",". It does not. In most cases, you should use ",[15,93158,2016],{}," for looping, and only use ",[15,93161,93121],{}," when you actually need a list.",[36,93164,39],{"id":38},[41,93166,93168],{"className":43,"code":93167,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = range(5)\nprint(numbers)          # range(0, 5)\nprint(list(numbers))    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,93169,93170,93184,93197],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,93171,93172,93174,93176,93178,93180,93182],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,93173,57],{"class":56},[50,93175,61],{"class":60},[50,93177,54139],{"class":94},[50,93179,98],{"class":64},[50,93181,290],{"class":68},[50,93183,105],{"class":64},[50,93185,93186,93188,93190,93192,93194],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,93187,118],{"class":94},[50,93189,98],{"class":64},[50,93191,102],{"class":101},[50,93193,126],{"class":64},[50,93195,93196],{"class":129},"          # range(0, 5)\n",[50,93198,93199,93201,93203,93205,93207,93209,93211],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,93200,118],{"class":94},[50,93202,98],{"class":64},[50,93204,437],{"class":557},[50,93206,98],{"class":64},[50,93208,102],{"class":101},[50,93210,5440],{"class":64},[50,93212,93213],{"class":129},"    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,93215,920,93216,93218,93219,93221],{},[15,93217,2016],{}," for looping. Use ",[15,93220,93121],{}," when you need an actual list value.",[36,93223,93225],{"id":93224},"what-is-the-difference","What is the difference?",[20,93227,93228],{},"The main difference is what each one returns.",[158,93230,93231,93238,93243,93246],{},[161,93232,93233,22044,93235,93237],{},[15,93234,2016],{},[3824,93236,93139],{},", not a list",[161,93239,93240,93242],{},[15,93241,93121],{}," converts that range object into a list",[161,93244,93245],{},"Both can represent the same sequence of numbers",[161,93247,93248],{},"They are used differently in real programs",[20,93250,1602],{},[41,93252,93254],{"className":43,"code":93253,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"r = range(5)\nlst = list(range(5))\n\nprint(r)\nprint(lst)\n",[15,93255,93256,93271,93290,93294,93304],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,93257,93258,93261,93263,93265,93267,93269],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,93259,93260],{"class":56},"r ",[50,93262,61],{"class":60},[50,93264,54139],{"class":94},[50,93266,98],{"class":64},[50,93268,290],{"class":68},[50,93270,105],{"class":64},[50,93272,93273,93276,93278,93280,93282,93284,93286,93288],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,93274,93275],{"class":56},"lst ",[50,93277,61],{"class":60},[50,93279,22629],{"class":557},[50,93281,98],{"class":64},[50,93283,60066],{"class":94},[50,93285,98],{"class":64},[50,93287,290],{"class":68},[50,93289,478],{"class":64},[50,93291,93292],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,93293,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,93295,93296,93298,93300,93302],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,93297,118],{"class":94},[50,93299,98],{"class":64},[50,93301,60570],{"class":101},[50,93303,105],{"class":64},[50,93305,93306,93308,93310,93313],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,93307,118],{"class":94},[50,93309,98],{"class":64},[50,93311,93312],{"class":101},"lst",[50,93314,105],{"class":64},[20,93316,353],{},[41,93318,93320],{"className":43,"code":93319,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,93321,93322,93336],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,93323,93324,93326,93328,93330,93332,93334],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,93325,60066],{"class":94},[50,93327,98],{"class":64},[50,93329,2220],{"class":68},[50,93331,72],{"class":64},[50,93333,375],{"class":68},[50,93335,105],{"class":64},[50,93337,93338,93340,93342,93344,93346,93348,93350,93352,93354,93356,93358],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,93339,363],{"class":64},[50,93341,2220],{"class":68},[50,93343,72],{"class":64},[50,93345,75],{"class":68},[50,93347,72],{"class":64},[50,93349,80],{"class":68},[50,93351,72],{"class":64},[50,93353,500],{"class":68},[50,93355,72],{"class":64},[50,93357,2554],{"class":68},[50,93359,83],{"class":64},[20,93361,93362],{},"Even though they represent the same values, their types are different:",[41,93364,93366],{"className":43,"code":93365,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\n",[15,93367,93368,93386],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,93369,93370,93372,93374,93376,93378,93380,93382,93384],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,93371,118],{"class":94},[50,93373,98],{"class":64},[50,93375,558],{"class":557},[50,93377,98],{"class":64},[50,93379,60066],{"class":94},[50,93381,98],{"class":64},[50,93383,290],{"class":68},[50,93385,569],{"class":64},[50,93387,93388,93390,93392,93394,93396,93398,93400,93402,93404,93406],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,93389,118],{"class":94},[50,93391,98],{"class":64},[50,93393,558],{"class":557},[50,93395,98],{"class":64},[50,93397,437],{"class":557},[50,93399,98],{"class":64},[50,93401,60066],{"class":94},[50,93403,98],{"class":64},[50,93405,290],{"class":68},[50,93407,1833],{"class":64},[20,93409,353],{},[41,93411,93413],{"className":43,"code":93412,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,93414,93415,93429],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,93416,93417,93419,93421,93423,93425,93427],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,93418,597],{"class":60},[50,93420,601],{"class":600},[50,93422,605],{"class":604},[50,93424,60066],{"class":608},[50,93426,611],{"class":604},[50,93428,614],{"class":60},[50,93430,93431,93433,93435,93437,93439,93441],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,93432,597],{"class":60},[50,93434,601],{"class":600},[50,93436,605],{"class":604},[50,93438,437],{"class":608},[50,93440,611],{"class":604},[50,93442,614],{"class":60},[20,93444,93445,93446,93448,93449,425],{},"If you want to learn more about how ",[15,93447,2016],{}," works, see ",[421,93450,13,93451,1461],{"href":93105},[15,93452,2016],{},[36,93454,153,93456,93458],{"id":93455},"what-range-gives-you",[15,93457,2016],{}," gives you",[20,93460,93461,93463,93464,93466],{},[15,93462,2016],{}," is most often used in ",[15,93465,6035],{}," loops.",[158,93468,93469,93472,93475,93478],{},[161,93470,93471],{},"It is commonly used in loops",[161,93473,93474],{},"It represents numbers without storing them all as a list",[161,93476,93477],{},"It is memory efficient for large sequences",[161,93479,93480,93481],{},"Printing it directly shows ",[15,93482,93483],{},"range(start, stop[, step])",[20,93485,1602],{},[41,93487,93489],{"className":43,"code":93488,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n",[15,93490,93491,93507],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,93492,93493,93495,93497,93499,93501,93503,93505],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,93494,6035],{"class":3957},[50,93496,69609],{"class":56},[50,93498,3964],{"class":3957},[50,93500,54139],{"class":94},[50,93502,98],{"class":64},[50,93504,290],{"class":68},[50,93506,8421],{"class":64},[50,93508,93509,93511,93513,93515],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,93510,8148],{"class":94},[50,93512,98],{"class":64},[50,93514,36224],{"class":101},[50,93516,105],{"class":64},[20,93518,353],{},[41,93520,93522],{"className":43,"code":93521,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"0\n1\n2\n3\n4\n",[15,93523,93524,93528,93532,93536,93540],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,93525,93526],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,93527,47322],{"class":68},[50,93529,93530],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,93531,46987],{"class":68},[50,93533,93534],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,93535,17128],{"class":68},[50,93537,93538],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,93539,46687],{"class":68},[50,93541,93542],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,93543,48720],{"class":68},[20,93545,1325,93546,93548],{},[15,93547,90896],{}," works perfectly in a loop. You do not need to convert it to a list first.",[20,93550,93551,93552,93554,93555,425],{},"This is one reason ",[15,93553,2016],{}," is so common with ",[421,93556,13,93558,90927],{"href":93557},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained",[15,93559,6035],{},[20,93561,93562],{},"You can also inspect it:",[41,93564,93566],{"className":43,"code":93565,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"r = range(2, 10, 2)\n\nprint(r)\nprint(len(r))\nprint(6 in r)\n",[15,93567,93568,93590,93594,93604,93618],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,93569,93570,93572,93574,93576,93578,93580,93582,93584,93586,93588],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,93571,93260],{"class":56},[50,93573,61],{"class":60},[50,93575,54139],{"class":94},[50,93577,98],{"class":64},[50,93579,1564],{"class":68},[50,93581,72],{"class":64},[50,93583,6082],{"class":68},[50,93585,72],{"class":64},[50,93587,80],{"class":68},[50,93589,105],{"class":64},[50,93591,93592],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,93593,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,93595,93596,93598,93600,93602],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,93597,118],{"class":94},[50,93599,98],{"class":64},[50,93601,60570],{"class":101},[50,93603,105],{"class":64},[50,93605,93606,93608,93610,93612,93614,93616],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,93607,118],{"class":94},[50,93609,98],{"class":64},[50,93611,1267],{"class":94},[50,93613,98],{"class":64},[50,93615,60570],{"class":101},[50,93617,478],{"class":64},[50,93619,93620,93622,93624,93626,93628,93631],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,93621,118],{"class":94},[50,93623,98],{"class":64},[50,93625,80638],{"class":68},[50,93627,21243],{"class":3957},[50,93629,93630],{"class":101}," r",[50,93632,105],{"class":64},[20,93634,353],{},[41,93636,93638],{"className":43,"code":93637,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"range(2, 10, 2)\n4\nTrue\n",[15,93639,93640,93658,93662],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,93641,93642,93644,93646,93648,93650,93652,93654,93656],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,93643,60066],{"class":94},[50,93645,98],{"class":64},[50,93647,1564],{"class":68},[50,93649,72],{"class":64},[50,93651,6082],{"class":68},[50,93653,72],{"class":64},[50,93655,80],{"class":68},[50,93657,105],{"class":64},[50,93659,93660],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,93661,48720],{"class":68},[50,93663,93664],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,93665,4061],{"class":207},[36,93667,153,93669,93458],{"id":93668},"what-listrange-gives-you",[15,93670,93121],{},[20,93672,93673,93675],{},[15,93674,93121],{}," creates a full list in memory.",[158,93677,93678,93681,93684,93687],{},[161,93679,93680],{},"It creates all values at once",[161,93682,93683],{},"Printing it shows the actual numbers",[161,93685,93686],{},"It is useful when you need list behavior",[161,93688,93689,93690,93692],{},"It is less efficient than plain ",[15,93691,2016],{}," for very large sequences",[20,93694,1602],{},[41,93696,93698],{"className":43,"code":93697,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = list(range(5))\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,93699,93700,93718,93722,93732],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,93701,93702,93704,93706,93708,93710,93712,93714,93716],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,93703,57],{"class":56},[50,93705,61],{"class":60},[50,93707,22629],{"class":557},[50,93709,98],{"class":64},[50,93711,60066],{"class":94},[50,93713,98],{"class":64},[50,93715,290],{"class":68},[50,93717,478],{"class":64},[50,93719,93720],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,93721,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,93723,93724,93726,93728,93730],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,93725,118],{"class":94},[50,93727,98],{"class":64},[50,93729,102],{"class":101},[50,93731,105],{"class":64},[50,93733,93734,93736,93738,93740,93742,93744],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,93735,118],{"class":94},[50,93737,98],{"class":64},[50,93739,102],{"class":101},[50,93741,363],{"class":64},[50,93743,1564],{"class":68},[50,93745,3970],{"class":64},[20,93747,353],{},[41,93749,93751],{"className":43,"code":93750,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n2\n",[15,93752,93753,93777],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,93754,93755,93757,93759,93761,93763,93765,93767,93769,93771,93773,93775],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,93756,363],{"class":64},[50,93758,2220],{"class":68},[50,93760,72],{"class":64},[50,93762,75],{"class":68},[50,93764,72],{"class":64},[50,93766,80],{"class":68},[50,93768,72],{"class":64},[50,93770,500],{"class":68},[50,93772,72],{"class":64},[50,93774,2554],{"class":68},[50,93776,83],{"class":64},[50,93778,93779],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,93780,17128],{"class":68},[20,93782,93783],{},"This is helpful when you want clear output or when another part of your program expects a list.",[20,93785,93786,93787,425],{},"If you want to understand the conversion step itself, see ",[421,93788,13,93789,1461],{"href":64908},[15,93790,24849],{},[36,93792,5040,93794],{"id":93793},"when-to-use-range",[15,93795,2016],{},[20,93797,920,93798,1504],{},[15,93799,2016],{},[158,93801,93802,93807,93810,93813],{},[161,93803,93804,93805,91656],{},"You are writing a ",[15,93806,6035],{},[161,93808,93809],{},"You only need to iterate over numbers",[161,93811,93812],{},"You are working with large sequences",[161,93814,93815],{},"You do not need a real list",[20,93817,1602],{},[41,93819,93821],{"className":43,"code":93820,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"for i in range(1, 6):\n    print(\"Count:\", i)\n",[15,93822,93823,93843],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,93824,93825,93827,93829,93831,93833,93835,93837,93839,93841],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,93826,6035],{"class":3957},[50,93828,69609],{"class":56},[50,93830,3964],{"class":3957},[50,93832,54139],{"class":94},[50,93834,98],{"class":64},[50,93836,366],{"class":68},[50,93838,72],{"class":64},[50,93840,37713],{"class":68},[50,93842,8421],{"class":64},[50,93844,93845,93847,93849,93851,93854,93856,93858,93860],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,93846,8148],{"class":94},[50,93848,98],{"class":64},[50,93850,811],{"class":604},[50,93852,93853],{"class":608},"Count:",[50,93855,811],{"class":604},[50,93857,72],{"class":64},[50,93859,36199],{"class":101},[50,93861,105],{"class":64},[20,93863,353],{},[41,93865,93867],{"className":43,"code":93866,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Count: 1\nCount: 2\nCount: 3\nCount: 4\nCount: 5\n",[15,93868,93869,93878,93886,93894,93902],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,93870,93871,93874,93876],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,93872,93873],{"class":56},"Count",[50,93875,819],{"class":64},[50,93877,29684],{"class":68},[50,93879,93880,93882,93884],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,93881,93873],{"class":56},[50,93883,819],{"class":64},[50,93885,45659],{"class":68},[50,93887,93888,93890,93892],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,93889,93873],{"class":56},[50,93891,819],{"class":64},[50,93893,2675],{"class":68},[50,93895,93896,93898,93900],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,93897,93873],{"class":56},[50,93899,819],{"class":64},[50,93901,23732],{"class":68},[50,93903,93904,93906,93908],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,93905,93873],{"class":56},[50,93907,819],{"class":64},[50,93909,34912],{"class":68},[20,93911,93912],{},"This is the most common use.",[20,93914,93915,93916,93918,93919,62352,93921,425],{},"If you need both the index and the value while looping through another sequence, ",[15,93917,2008],{}," is often a better choice than ",[15,93920,36667],{},[421,93922,36674,93924,36677],{"href":93923},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python",[15,93925,2008],{},[36,93927,5040,93929],{"id":93928},"when-to-use-listrange",[15,93930,93121],{},[20,93932,920,93933,1504],{},[15,93934,93121],{},[158,93936,93937,93940,93943,93946],{},[161,93938,93939],{},"You need to see all values clearly",[161,93941,93942],{},"Another part of your code expects a list",[161,93944,93945],{},"You want to modify the result as a list",[161,93947,93948],{},"You are learning and list output is easier to understand",[20,93950,1602],{},[41,93952,93954],{"className":43,"code":93953,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = list(range(5))\nnumbers.append(5)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,93955,93956,93974,93988,93992],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,93957,93958,93960,93962,93964,93966,93968,93970,93972],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,93959,57],{"class":56},[50,93961,61],{"class":60},[50,93963,22629],{"class":557},[50,93965,98],{"class":64},[50,93967,60066],{"class":94},[50,93969,98],{"class":64},[50,93971,290],{"class":68},[50,93973,478],{"class":64},[50,93975,93976,93978,93980,93982,93984,93986],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,93977,102],{"class":56},[50,93979,425],{"class":64},[50,93981,13626],{"class":101},[50,93983,98],{"class":64},[50,93985,290],{"class":68},[50,93987,105],{"class":64},[50,93989,93990],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,93991,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,93993,93994,93996,93998,94000],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,93995,118],{"class":94},[50,93997,98],{"class":64},[50,93999,102],{"class":101},[50,94001,105],{"class":64},[20,94003,353],{},[41,94005,94007],{"className":43,"code":94006,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,94008,94009],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,94010,94011,94013,94015,94017,94019,94021,94023,94025,94027,94029,94031,94033,94035],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,94012,363],{"class":64},[50,94014,2220],{"class":68},[50,94016,72],{"class":64},[50,94018,75],{"class":68},[50,94020,72],{"class":64},[50,94022,80],{"class":68},[50,94024,72],{"class":64},[50,94026,500],{"class":68},[50,94028,72],{"class":64},[50,94030,2554],{"class":68},[50,94032,72],{"class":64},[50,94034,375],{"class":68},[50,94036,83],{"class":64},[20,94038,6138,94039,94041],{},[15,94040,102],{}," is a list.",[36,94043,15669],{"id":15668},[20,94045,94046,94048,94049,425],{},[15,94047,2016],{}," can be used like a sequence, but it is still ",[3824,94050,37667],{},[20,94052,2207],{},[158,94054,94055,94057,94062,94067,94070],{},[161,94056,22054],{},[161,94058,94059,94060],{},"You can check its length with ",[15,94061,1454],{},[161,94063,94064,94065],{},"You can test membership with ",[15,94066,3964],{},[161,94068,94069],{},"You can index it",[161,94071,94072,94073,94075],{},"But list methods such as ",[15,94074,52722],{}," do not work on it",[20,94077,1602],{},[41,94079,94081],{"className":43,"code":94080,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"r = range(5)\n\nprint(r[2])\nprint(len(r))\nprint(3 in r)\n",[15,94082,94083,94097,94101,94115,94129],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,94084,94085,94087,94089,94091,94093,94095],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,94086,93260],{"class":56},[50,94088,61],{"class":60},[50,94090,54139],{"class":94},[50,94092,98],{"class":64},[50,94094,290],{"class":68},[50,94096,105],{"class":64},[50,94098,94099],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,94100,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,94102,94103,94105,94107,94109,94111,94113],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,94104,118],{"class":94},[50,94106,98],{"class":64},[50,94108,60570],{"class":101},[50,94110,363],{"class":64},[50,94112,1564],{"class":68},[50,94114,3970],{"class":64},[50,94116,94117,94119,94121,94123,94125,94127],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,94118,118],{"class":94},[50,94120,98],{"class":64},[50,94122,1267],{"class":94},[50,94124,98],{"class":64},[50,94126,60570],{"class":101},[50,94128,478],{"class":64},[50,94130,94131,94133,94135,94137,94139,94141],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,94132,118],{"class":94},[50,94134,98],{"class":64},[50,94136,69],{"class":68},[50,94138,21243],{"class":3957},[50,94140,93630],{"class":101},[50,94142,105],{"class":64},[20,94144,353],{},[41,94146,94148],{"className":43,"code":94147,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"2\n5\nTrue\n",[15,94149,94150,94154,94158],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,94151,94152],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,94153,17128],{"class":68},[50,94155,94156],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,94157,3044],{"class":68},[50,94159,94160],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,94161,4061],{"class":207},[20,94163,94164],{},"Now compare that with this:",[41,94166,94168],{"className":43,"code":94167,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"r = range(5)\nr.append(5)\n",[15,94169,94170,94184],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,94171,94172,94174,94176,94178,94180,94182],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,94173,93260],{"class":56},[50,94175,61],{"class":60},[50,94177,54139],{"class":94},[50,94179,98],{"class":64},[50,94181,290],{"class":68},[50,94183,105],{"class":64},[50,94185,94186,94188,94190,94192,94194,94196],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,94187,60570],{"class":56},[50,94189,425],{"class":64},[50,94191,13626],{"class":101},[50,94193,98],{"class":64},[50,94195,290],{"class":68},[50,94197,105],{"class":64},[20,94199,353],{},[41,94201,94203],{"className":43,"code":94202,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"AttributeError: 'range' object has no attribute 'append'\n",[15,94204,94205],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,94206,94207,94209,94211,94213,94215,94217,94219,94222,94224,94226],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,94208,25740],{"class":557},[50,94210,819],{"class":64},[50,94212,605],{"class":604},[50,94214,60066],{"class":608},[50,94216,611],{"class":604},[50,94218,24686],{"class":557},[50,94220,94221],{"class":56}," has no attribute ",[50,94223,611],{"class":604},[50,94225,13626],{"class":608},[50,94227,29768],{"class":604},[20,94229,94230,94231,31,94233,2292,94235,94237],{},"If you need methods like ",[15,94232,52722],{},[15,94234,55597],{},[15,94236,1770],{},", convert the range to a list first.",[20,94239,94240,94241,425],{},"If you run into this kind of problem, see ",[421,94242,25748,94243],{"href":35489},[15,94244,34326],{},[36,94246,94248],{"id":94247},"common-confusion","Common confusion",[20,94250,94251],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting this:",[41,94253,94254],{"className":43,"code":92731,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,94255,94256],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,94257,94258,94260,94262,94264,94266,94268],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,94259,118],{"class":94},[50,94261,98],{"class":64},[50,94263,60066],{"class":94},[50,94265,98],{"class":64},[50,94267,290],{"class":68},[50,94269,478],{"class":64},[20,94271,94272],{},"to show:",[41,94274,94275],{"className":43,"code":60089,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,94276,94277],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,94278,94279,94281,94283,94285,94287,94289,94291,94293,94295,94297,94299],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,94280,363],{"class":64},[50,94282,2220],{"class":68},[50,94284,72],{"class":64},[50,94286,75],{"class":68},[50,94288,72],{"class":64},[50,94290,80],{"class":68},[50,94292,72],{"class":64},[50,94294,500],{"class":68},[50,94296,72],{"class":64},[50,94298,2554],{"class":68},[50,94300,83],{"class":64},[20,94302,94303],{},"But in Python 3, it shows:",[41,94305,94306],{"className":43,"code":92752,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,94307,94308],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,94309,94310,94312,94314,94316,94318,94320],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,94311,60066],{"class":94},[50,94313,98],{"class":64},[50,94315,2220],{"class":68},[50,94317,72],{"class":64},[50,94319,375],{"class":68},[50,94321,105],{"class":64},[20,94323,4706,94324,94326],{},[3824,94325,4709],{}," mean the code is wrong.",[20,94328,94329,94330,94332],{},"It only means Python is showing the ",[3824,94331,93139],{},", not converting it to a list for display.",[20,94334,94335],{},"If you want list-style output, do this:",[41,94337,94338],{"className":43,"code":91089,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,94339,94340],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,94341,94342,94344,94346,94348,94350,94352,94354,94356],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,94343,118],{"class":94},[50,94345,98],{"class":64},[50,94347,437],{"class":557},[50,94349,98],{"class":64},[50,94351,60066],{"class":94},[50,94353,98],{"class":64},[50,94355,290],{"class":68},[50,94357,569],{"class":64},[20,94359,353],{},[41,94361,94362],{"className":43,"code":60089,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,94363,94364],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,94365,94366,94368,94370,94372,94374,94376,94378,94380,94382,94384,94386],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,94367,363],{"class":64},[50,94369,2220],{"class":68},[50,94371,72],{"class":64},[50,94373,75],{"class":68},[50,94375,72],{"class":64},[50,94377,80],{"class":68},[50,94379,72],{"class":64},[50,94381,500],{"class":68},[50,94383,72],{"class":64},[50,94385,2554],{"class":68},[50,94387,83],{"class":64},[36,94389,1743],{"id":1742},[20,94391,94392],{},"These are the most common causes of confusion:",[158,94394,94395,94401,94404,94410],{},[161,94396,914,94397,94400],{},[15,94398,94399],{},"print(range(5))"," and expecting a list",[161,94402,94403],{},"Trying to call list methods on a range object",[161,94405,94406,94407,94409],{},"Not realizing that ",[15,94408,2016],{}," is iterable but not a list",[161,94411,914,94412,94414,94415,94417],{},[15,94413,93121],{}," when plain ",[15,94416,2016],{}," would be simpler",[20,94419,94420],{},"These quick checks can help:",[41,94422,94424],{"className":43,"code":94423,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\nprint(3 in range(5))\nprint(len(range(5)))\n",[15,94425,94426,94440,94458,94476,94498,94516],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,94427,94428,94430,94432,94434,94436,94438],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,94429,118],{"class":94},[50,94431,98],{"class":64},[50,94433,60066],{"class":94},[50,94435,98],{"class":64},[50,94437,290],{"class":68},[50,94439,478],{"class":64},[50,94441,94442,94444,94446,94448,94450,94452,94454,94456],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,94443,118],{"class":94},[50,94445,98],{"class":64},[50,94447,437],{"class":557},[50,94449,98],{"class":64},[50,94451,60066],{"class":94},[50,94453,98],{"class":64},[50,94455,290],{"class":68},[50,94457,569],{"class":64},[50,94459,94460,94462,94464,94466,94468,94470,94472,94474],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,94461,118],{"class":94},[50,94463,98],{"class":64},[50,94465,558],{"class":557},[50,94467,98],{"class":64},[50,94469,60066],{"class":94},[50,94471,98],{"class":64},[50,94473,290],{"class":68},[50,94475,569],{"class":64},[50,94477,94478,94480,94482,94484,94486,94488,94490,94492,94494,94496],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,94479,118],{"class":94},[50,94481,98],{"class":64},[50,94483,558],{"class":557},[50,94485,98],{"class":64},[50,94487,437],{"class":557},[50,94489,98],{"class":64},[50,94491,60066],{"class":94},[50,94493,98],{"class":64},[50,94495,290],{"class":68},[50,94497,1833],{"class":64},[50,94499,94500,94502,94504,94506,94508,94510,94512,94514],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,94501,118],{"class":94},[50,94503,98],{"class":64},[50,94505,69],{"class":68},[50,94507,21243],{"class":3957},[50,94509,54139],{"class":94},[50,94511,98],{"class":64},[50,94513,290],{"class":68},[50,94515,478],{"class":64},[50,94517,94518,94520,94522,94524,94526,94528,94530,94532],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,94519,118],{"class":94},[50,94521,98],{"class":64},[50,94523,1267],{"class":94},[50,94525,98],{"class":64},[50,94527,60066],{"class":94},[50,94529,98],{"class":64},[50,94531,290],{"class":68},[50,94533,569],{"class":64},[20,94535,353],{},[41,94537,94539],{"className":43,"code":94538,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nTrue\n5\n",[15,94540,94541,94555,94579,94593,94607,94611],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,94542,94543,94545,94547,94549,94551,94553],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,94544,60066],{"class":94},[50,94546,98],{"class":64},[50,94548,2220],{"class":68},[50,94550,72],{"class":64},[50,94552,375],{"class":68},[50,94554,105],{"class":64},[50,94556,94557,94559,94561,94563,94565,94567,94569,94571,94573,94575,94577],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,94558,363],{"class":64},[50,94560,2220],{"class":68},[50,94562,72],{"class":64},[50,94564,75],{"class":68},[50,94566,72],{"class":64},[50,94568,80],{"class":68},[50,94570,72],{"class":64},[50,94572,500],{"class":68},[50,94574,72],{"class":64},[50,94576,2554],{"class":68},[50,94578,83],{"class":64},[50,94580,94581,94583,94585,94587,94589,94591],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,94582,597],{"class":60},[50,94584,601],{"class":600},[50,94586,605],{"class":604},[50,94588,60066],{"class":608},[50,94590,611],{"class":604},[50,94592,614],{"class":60},[50,94594,94595,94597,94599,94601,94603,94605],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,94596,597],{"class":60},[50,94598,601],{"class":600},[50,94600,605],{"class":604},[50,94602,437],{"class":608},[50,94604,611],{"class":604},[50,94606,614],{"class":60},[50,94608,94609],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,94610,4061],{"class":207},[50,94612,94613],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,94614,3044],{"class":68},[36,94616,1913],{"id":1912},[222,94618,14975,94620,94622],{"id":94619},"is-range-a-list-in-python",[15,94621,2016],{}," a list in Python?",[20,94624,46435,94625,94627],{},[15,94626,2016],{}," returns a range object. It can be iterated over, but it is not a list.",[222,94629,94631,94632,1940,94634,1943],{"id":94630},"why-use-range-instead-of-listrange","Why use ",[15,94633,2016],{},[15,94635,93121],{},[20,94637,94638,94640,94641,94643],{},[15,94639,2016],{}," is better for loops and usually uses less memory. ",[15,94642,93121],{}," creates a full list.",[222,94645,94647],{"id":94646},"can-i-index-a-range-object","Can I index a range object?",[20,94649,94650],{},"Yes. A range object supports indexing, but it still is not a list.",[20,94652,1602],{},[41,94654,94656],{"className":43,"code":94655,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"r = range(5)\nprint(r[1])\n",[15,94657,94658,94672],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,94659,94660,94662,94664,94666,94668,94670],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,94661,93260],{"class":56},[50,94663,61],{"class":60},[50,94665,54139],{"class":94},[50,94667,98],{"class":64},[50,94669,290],{"class":68},[50,94671,105],{"class":64},[50,94673,94674,94676,94678,94680,94682,94684],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,94675,118],{"class":94},[50,94677,98],{"class":64},[50,94679,60570],{"class":101},[50,94681,363],{"class":64},[50,94683,366],{"class":68},[50,94685,3970],{"class":64},[20,94687,353],{},[41,94689,94690],{"className":43,"code":46987,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,94691,94692],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,94693,94694],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,94695,46987],{"class":68},[222,94697,1963,94699,94701],{"id":94698},"why-does-printrange5-not-show-all-numbers",[15,94700,94399],{}," not show all numbers?",[20,94703,94704,94705,94708],{},"Because Python shows the range object representation. Use ",[15,94706,94707],{},"list(range(5))"," to display the numbers as a list.",[222,94710,94712,94713,94715],{"id":94711},"when-should-i-convert-range-to-a-list","When should I convert ",[15,94714,2016],{}," to a list?",[20,94717,94718],{},"Convert it when you need a real list, want list methods, or want clearer displayed output.",[36,94720,1975],{"id":1974},[158,94722,94723,94729,94735,94742,94748],{},[161,94724,94725],{},[421,94726,13,94727,1461],{"href":93105},[15,94728,2016],{},[161,94730,94731],{},[421,94732,13,94733,1461],{"href":64908},[15,94734,24849],{},[161,94736,94737],{},[421,94738,13,94739,94741],{"href":93557},[15,94740,6035],{}," loops explained",[161,94743,94744],{},[421,94745,37588,94746,36677],{"href":93923},[15,94747,2008],{},[161,94749,94750],{},[421,94751,26191,94752],{"href":35489},[15,94753,34326],{},[2018,94755,94756],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":94758},[94759,94760,94761,94763,94765,94767,94769,94770,94771,94772,94783],{"id":38,"depth":86,"text":39},{"id":93224,"depth":86,"text":93225},{"id":93455,"depth":86,"text":94762},"What range() gives you",{"id":93668,"depth":86,"text":94764},"What list(range()) gives you",{"id":93793,"depth":86,"text":94766},"When to use range()",{"id":93928,"depth":86,"text":94768},"When to use list(range())",{"id":15668,"depth":86,"text":15669},{"id":94247,"depth":86,"text":94248},{"id":1742,"depth":86,"text":1743},{"id":1912,"depth":86,"text":1913,"children":94773},[94774,94776,94778,94779,94781],{"id":94619,"depth":108,"text":94775},"Is range() a list in Python?",{"id":94630,"depth":108,"text":94777},"Why use range() instead of list(range())?",{"id":94646,"depth":108,"text":94647},{"id":94698,"depth":108,"text":94780},"Why does print(range(5)) not show all numbers?",{"id":94711,"depth":108,"text":94782},"When should I convert range() to a list?",{"id":1974,"depth":86,"text":1975},"Master python range vs listrange explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained",{"title":93111,"description":94784},"reference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained","rOnOrM8csHUwdMRaIQMxGCpXq2ANZXuGWJ3KxGj9cv8",{"id":94791,"title":94792,"body":94793,"description":96229,"extension":2064,"meta":96230,"navigation":111,"path":96231,"seo":96232,"stem":96233,"__hash__":96234},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained.md","Python round() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":94794,"toc":96195},[94795,94801,94806,94809,94823,94826,94828,94867,94869,94882,94890,94895,94911,94914,94916,94918,94939,94956,94959,95018,95020,95039,95044,95050,95053,95087,95089,95102,95105,95150,95152,95175,95182,95188,95191,95232,95234,95248,95251,95309,95311,95326,95339,95345,95351,95416,95418,95437,95439,95457,95460,95464,95470,95472,95505,95507,95520,95530,95533,95594,95596,95617,95620,95622,95638,95643,95647,95652,95657,95713,95715,95733,95736,95781,95783,95791,95796,95800,95814,95816,95848,95850,95859,95861,95865,95874,95877,95909,95911,95923,95926,95930,95935,95976,95978,95986,95989,96012,96016,96018,96027,96030,96083,96085,96094,96098,96103,96114,96116,96125,96128,96134,96137,96143,96153,96161,96168,96170,96192],[10,94796,13,94798,18],{"id":94797},"python-round-function-explained",[15,94799,94800],{},"round()",[20,94802,9203,94803,94805],{},[15,94804,94800],{}," function returns a rounded version of a number.",[20,94807,94808],{},"You can use it in two common ways:",[158,94810,94811,94817],{},[161,94812,94813,94816],{},[15,94814,94815],{},"round(number)"," rounds to the nearest whole number",[161,94818,94819,94822],{},[15,94820,94821],{},"round(number, digits)"," rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,94824,94825],{},"This is useful when you want cleaner numeric output or when you need to limit decimal places in a result.",[36,94827,2105],{"id":2104},[41,94829,94831],{"className":43,"code":94830,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(round(3.14159))\nprint(round(3.14159, 2))\n",[15,94832,94833,94849],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,94834,94835,94837,94839,94842,94844,94847],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,94836,118],{"class":94},[50,94838,98],{"class":64},[50,94840,94841],{"class":94},"round",[50,94843,98],{"class":64},[50,94845,94846],{"class":68},"3.14159",[50,94848,478],{"class":64},[50,94850,94851,94853,94855,94857,94859,94861,94863,94865],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,94852,118],{"class":94},[50,94854,98],{"class":64},[50,94856,94841],{"class":94},[50,94858,98],{"class":64},[50,94860,94846],{"class":68},[50,94862,72],{"class":64},[50,94864,80],{"class":68},[50,94866,478],{"class":64},[20,94868,353],{},[41,94870,94872],{"className":43,"code":94871,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"3\n3.14\n",[15,94873,94874,94878],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,94875,94876],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,94877,46687],{"class":68},[50,94879,94880],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,94881,40246],{"class":68},[20,94883,920,94884,94886,94887,94889],{},[15,94885,94815],{}," to round to the nearest whole number, or ",[15,94888,94821],{}," to keep a set number of decimal places.",[36,94891,153,94893,156],{"id":94892},"what-round-does",[15,94894,94800],{},[158,94896,94897,94902,94905,94908],{},[161,94898,94899,94901],{},[15,94900,94800],{}," is a built-in Python function",[161,94903,94904],{},"It returns a rounded version of a number",[161,94906,94907],{},"With one argument, it rounds to the nearest integer",[161,94909,94910],{},"With two arguments, it rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,94912,94913],{},"You do not need to import anything to use it.",[36,94915,181],{"id":180},[20,94917,2259],{},[41,94919,94921],{"className":43,"code":94920,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"round(number[, ndigits])\n",[15,94922,94923],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,94924,94925,94927,94929,94931,94934,94937],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,94926,94841],{"class":94},[50,94928,98],{"class":64},[50,94930,2338],{"class":101},[50,94932,94933],{"class":64},"[,",[50,94935,94936],{"class":101}," ndigits",[50,94938,3970],{"class":64},[158,94940,94941,94946,94951],{},[161,94942,94943,94945],{},[15,94944,2338],{}," is the value to round",[161,94947,94948,20109],{},[15,94949,94950],{},"ndigits",[161,94952,94953,94955],{},[15,94954,94950],{}," can be positive, zero, or negative",[20,94957,94958],{},"Basic examples:",[41,94960,94962],{"className":43,"code":94961,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(round(7.8))\nprint(round(7.8, 1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\n",[15,94963,94964,94979,94997],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,94965,94966,94968,94970,94972,94974,94977],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,94967,118],{"class":94},[50,94969,98],{"class":64},[50,94971,94841],{"class":94},[50,94973,98],{"class":64},[50,94975,94976],{"class":68},"7.8",[50,94978,478],{"class":64},[50,94980,94981,94983,94985,94987,94989,94991,94993,94995],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,94982,118],{"class":94},[50,94984,98],{"class":64},[50,94986,94841],{"class":94},[50,94988,98],{"class":64},[50,94990,94976],{"class":68},[50,94992,72],{"class":64},[50,94994,75],{"class":68},[50,94996,478],{"class":64},[50,94998,94999,95001,95003,95005,95007,95010,95012,95014,95016],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,95000,118],{"class":94},[50,95002,98],{"class":64},[50,95004,94841],{"class":94},[50,95006,98],{"class":64},[50,95008,95009],{"class":68},"1234",[50,95011,72],{"class":64},[50,95013,2321],{"class":60},[50,95015,1564],{"class":68},[50,95017,478],{"class":64},[20,95019,353],{},[41,95021,95023],{"className":43,"code":95022,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"8\n7.8\n1200\n",[15,95024,95025,95029,95034],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,95026,95027],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,95028,2478],{"class":68},[50,95030,95031],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,95032,95033],{"class":68},"7.8\n",[50,95035,95036],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,95037,95038],{"class":68},"1200\n",[20,95040,95041,95042,425],{},"If you are still getting used to Python number types, see ",[421,95043,2517],{"href":2516},[36,95045,914,95047,95049],{"id":95046},"using-round-with-one-argument",[15,95048,94800],{}," with one argument",[20,95051,95052],{},"When you pass only one argument, Python rounds to the nearest whole number.",[41,95054,95056],{"className":43,"code":95055,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(round(4.2))\nprint(round(4.8))\n",[15,95057,95058,95072],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,95059,95060,95062,95064,95066,95068,95070],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,95061,118],{"class":94},[50,95063,98],{"class":64},[50,95065,94841],{"class":94},[50,95067,98],{"class":64},[50,95069,2459],{"class":68},[50,95071,478],{"class":64},[50,95073,95074,95076,95078,95080,95082,95085],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,95075,118],{"class":94},[50,95077,98],{"class":64},[50,95079,94841],{"class":94},[50,95081,98],{"class":64},[50,95083,95084],{"class":68},"4.8",[50,95086,478],{"class":64},[20,95088,353],{},[41,95090,95092],{"className":43,"code":95091,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"4\n5\n",[15,95093,95094,95098],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,95095,95096],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,95097,48720],{"class":68},[50,95099,95100],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,95101,3044],{"class":68},[20,95103,95104],{},"With a normal float, the result is usually an integer:",[41,95106,95108],{"className":43,"code":95107,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"result = round(10.2)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,95109,95110,95126,95136],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,95111,95112,95114,95116,95119,95121,95124],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,95113,89],{"class":56},[50,95115,61],{"class":60},[50,95117,95118],{"class":94}," round",[50,95120,98],{"class":64},[50,95122,95123],{"class":68},"10.2",[50,95125,105],{"class":64},[50,95127,95128,95130,95132,95134],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,95129,118],{"class":94},[50,95131,98],{"class":64},[50,95133,123],{"class":101},[50,95135,105],{"class":64},[50,95137,95138,95140,95142,95144,95146,95148],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,95139,118],{"class":94},[50,95141,98],{"class":64},[50,95143,558],{"class":557},[50,95145,98],{"class":64},[50,95147,123],{"class":101},[50,95149,478],{"class":64},[20,95151,353],{},[41,95153,95155],{"className":43,"code":95154,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"10\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,95156,95157,95161],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,95158,95159],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,95160,2473],{"class":68},[50,95162,95163,95165,95167,95169,95171,95173],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,95164,597],{"class":60},[50,95166,601],{"class":600},[50,95168,605],{"class":604},[50,95170,2288],{"class":608},[50,95172,611],{"class":604},[50,95174,614],{"class":60},[20,95176,95177,95178,425],{},"If you need to convert values directly to integers without rounding rules, compare this with ",[421,95179,13,95180,1461],{"href":2972},[15,95181,2975],{},[36,95183,914,95185,95187],{"id":95184},"using-round-with-decimal-places",[15,95186,94800],{}," with decimal places",[20,95189,95190],{},"You can pass a second argument to control how many decimal places to keep.",[41,95192,95194],{"className":43,"code":95193,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(round(3.14159, 2))\nprint(round(3.14159, 3))\n",[15,95195,95196,95214],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,95197,95198,95200,95202,95204,95206,95208,95210,95212],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,95199,118],{"class":94},[50,95201,98],{"class":64},[50,95203,94841],{"class":94},[50,95205,98],{"class":64},[50,95207,94846],{"class":68},[50,95209,72],{"class":64},[50,95211,80],{"class":68},[50,95213,478],{"class":64},[50,95215,95216,95218,95220,95222,95224,95226,95228,95230],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,95217,118],{"class":94},[50,95219,98],{"class":64},[50,95221,94841],{"class":94},[50,95223,98],{"class":64},[50,95225,94846],{"class":68},[50,95227,72],{"class":64},[50,95229,500],{"class":68},[50,95231,478],{"class":64},[20,95233,353],{},[41,95235,95237],{"className":43,"code":95236,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"3.14\n3.142\n",[15,95238,95239,95243],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,95240,95241],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,95242,40246],{"class":68},[50,95244,95245],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,95246,95247],{"class":68},"3.142\n",[20,95249,95250],{},"This is helpful when you want a simpler numeric value for calculations or reporting.",[41,95252,95254],{"className":43,"code":95253,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"price = 19.9876\nrounded_price = round(price, 2)\n\nprint(price)\nprint(rounded_price)\n",[15,95255,95256,95265,95284,95288,95298],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,95257,95258,95260,95262],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,95259,40456],{"class":56},[50,95261,61],{"class":60},[50,95263,95264],{"class":68}," 19.9876\n",[50,95266,95267,95270,95272,95274,95276,95278,95280,95282],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,95268,95269],{"class":56},"rounded_price ",[50,95271,61],{"class":60},[50,95273,95118],{"class":94},[50,95275,98],{"class":64},[50,95277,25218],{"class":101},[50,95279,72],{"class":64},[50,95281,80],{"class":68},[50,95283,105],{"class":64},[50,95285,95286],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,95287,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,95289,95290,95292,95294,95296],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,95291,118],{"class":94},[50,95293,98],{"class":64},[50,95295,25218],{"class":101},[50,95297,105],{"class":64},[50,95299,95300,95302,95304,95307],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,95301,118],{"class":94},[50,95303,98],{"class":64},[50,95305,95306],{"class":101},"rounded_price",[50,95308,105],{"class":64},[20,95310,353],{},[41,95312,95314],{"className":43,"code":95313,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"19.9876\n19.99\n",[15,95315,95316,95321],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,95317,95318],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,95319,95320],{"class":68},"19.9876\n",[50,95322,95323],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,95324,95325],{"class":68},"19.99\n",[20,95327,95328,95329,95332,95333,2976,95335,425],{},"If you need to convert text such as ",[15,95330,95331],{},"\"3.14159\""," before rounding, see ",[421,95334,40961],{"href":40960},[421,95336,13,95337,1461],{"href":2979},[15,95338,2982],{},[36,95340,95342,95343],{"id":95341},"using-negative-ndigits","Using negative ",[15,95344,94950],{},[20,95346,95347,95348,95350],{},"A negative ",[15,95349,94950],{}," value rounds to tens, hundreds, or larger place values.",[41,95352,95354],{"className":43,"code":95353,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(round(1234, -1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\nprint(round(1234, -3))\n",[15,95355,95356,95376,95396],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,95357,95358,95360,95362,95364,95366,95368,95370,95372,95374],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,95359,118],{"class":94},[50,95361,98],{"class":64},[50,95363,94841],{"class":94},[50,95365,98],{"class":64},[50,95367,95009],{"class":68},[50,95369,72],{"class":64},[50,95371,2321],{"class":60},[50,95373,366],{"class":68},[50,95375,478],{"class":64},[50,95377,95378,95380,95382,95384,95386,95388,95390,95392,95394],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,95379,118],{"class":94},[50,95381,98],{"class":64},[50,95383,94841],{"class":94},[50,95385,98],{"class":64},[50,95387,95009],{"class":68},[50,95389,72],{"class":64},[50,95391,2321],{"class":60},[50,95393,1564],{"class":68},[50,95395,478],{"class":64},[50,95397,95398,95400,95402,95404,95406,95408,95410,95412,95414],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,95399,118],{"class":94},[50,95401,98],{"class":64},[50,95403,94841],{"class":94},[50,95405,98],{"class":64},[50,95407,95009],{"class":68},[50,95409,72],{"class":64},[50,95411,2321],{"class":60},[50,95413,69],{"class":68},[50,95415,478],{"class":64},[20,95417,353],{},[41,95419,95421],{"className":43,"code":95420,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"1230\n1200\n1000\n",[15,95422,95423,95428,95432],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,95424,95425],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,95426,95427],{"class":68},"1230\n",[50,95429,95430],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,95431,95038],{"class":68},[50,95433,95434],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,95435,95436],{"class":68},"1000\n",[20,95438,65645],{},[158,95440,95441,95446,95452],{},[161,95442,95443,95445],{},[15,95444,65915],{}," rounds to the nearest 10",[161,95447,95448,95451],{},[15,95449,95450],{},"-2"," rounds to the nearest 100",[161,95453,95454,95456],{},[15,95455,47741],{}," rounds to the nearest 1000",[20,95458,95459],{},"This can be useful when you want less precise but easier-to-read numbers.",[36,95461,95463],{"id":95462},"important-behavior-beginners-notice","Important behavior beginners notice",[20,95465,95466,95467,425],{},"Some results may look surprising with numbers ending in ",[15,95468,95469],{},".5",[20,95471,5551],{},[41,95473,95475],{"className":43,"code":95474,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\n",[15,95476,95477,95491],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,95478,95479,95481,95483,95485,95487,95489],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,95480,118],{"class":94},[50,95482,98],{"class":64},[50,95484,94841],{"class":94},[50,95486,98],{"class":64},[50,95488,41228],{"class":68},[50,95490,478],{"class":64},[50,95492,95493,95495,95497,95499,95501,95503],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,95494,118],{"class":94},[50,95496,98],{"class":64},[50,95498,94841],{"class":94},[50,95500,98],{"class":64},[50,95502,2142],{"class":68},[50,95504,478],{"class":64},[20,95506,353],{},[41,95508,95510],{"className":43,"code":95509,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"2\n4\n",[15,95511,95512,95516],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,95513,95514],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,95515,17128],{"class":68},[50,95517,95518],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,95519,48720],{"class":68},[20,95521,95522,95523,95526,95527,95529],{},"Python uses ",[3824,95524,95525],{},"banker's rounding"," in tie cases. That means it rounds to the nearest even number in some ",[15,95528,95469],{}," situations.",[20,95531,95532],{},"More examples:",[41,95534,95536],{"className":43,"code":95535,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(round(1.5))\nprint(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\nprint(round(4.5))\n",[15,95537,95538,95552,95566,95580],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,95539,95540,95542,95544,95546,95548,95550],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,95541,118],{"class":94},[50,95543,98],{"class":64},[50,95545,94841],{"class":94},[50,95547,98],{"class":64},[50,95549,41241],{"class":68},[50,95551,478],{"class":64},[50,95553,95554,95556,95558,95560,95562,95564],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,95555,118],{"class":94},[50,95557,98],{"class":64},[50,95559,94841],{"class":94},[50,95561,98],{"class":64},[50,95563,41228],{"class":68},[50,95565,478],{"class":64},[50,95567,95568,95570,95572,95574,95576,95578],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,95569,118],{"class":94},[50,95571,98],{"class":64},[50,95573,94841],{"class":94},[50,95575,98],{"class":64},[50,95577,2142],{"class":68},[50,95579,478],{"class":64},[50,95581,95582,95584,95586,95588,95590,95592],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,95583,118],{"class":94},[50,95585,98],{"class":64},[50,95587,94841],{"class":94},[50,95589,98],{"class":64},[50,95591,41193],{"class":68},[50,95593,478],{"class":64},[20,95595,353],{},[41,95597,95599],{"className":43,"code":95598,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"2\n2\n4\n4\n",[15,95600,95601,95605,95609,95613],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,95602,95603],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,95604,17128],{"class":68},[50,95606,95607],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,95608,17128],{"class":68},[50,95610,95611],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,95612,48720],{"class":68},[50,95614,95615],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,95616,48720],{"class":68},[20,95618,95619],{},"This is normal Python behavior, not a bug.",[20,95621,10788],{},[158,95623,95624,95631],{},[161,95625,95626,2234,95629],{},[15,95627,95628],{},"round(2.5)",[15,95630,1564],{},[161,95632,95633,2234,95636],{},[15,95634,95635],{},"round(3.5)",[15,95637,2602],{},[20,95639,3264,95640,95642],{},[15,95641,95469],{}," to always round upward, this behavior can be confusing at first.",[36,95644,95646],{"id":95645},"return-values","Return values",[20,95648,95649,95651],{},[15,95650,94800],{}," returns the rounded value.",[20,95653,40975,95654,95656],{},[3824,95655,4709],{}," change the original variable unless you save the result.",[41,95658,95660],{"className":43,"code":95659,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = 3.14159\n\nprint(value)\nprint(round(value, 2))\nprint(value)\n",[15,95661,95662,95671,95675,95685,95703],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,95663,95664,95666,95668],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,95665,2544],{"class":56},[50,95667,61],{"class":60},[50,95669,95670],{"class":68}," 3.14159\n",[50,95672,95673],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,95674,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,95676,95677,95679,95681,95683],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,95678,118],{"class":94},[50,95680,98],{"class":64},[50,95682,2570],{"class":101},[50,95684,105],{"class":64},[50,95686,95687,95689,95691,95693,95695,95697,95699,95701],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,95688,118],{"class":94},[50,95690,98],{"class":64},[50,95692,94841],{"class":94},[50,95694,98],{"class":64},[50,95696,2570],{"class":101},[50,95698,72],{"class":64},[50,95700,80],{"class":68},[50,95702,478],{"class":64},[50,95704,95705,95707,95709,95711],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,95706,118],{"class":94},[50,95708,98],{"class":64},[50,95710,2570],{"class":101},[50,95712,105],{"class":64},[20,95714,353],{},[41,95716,95718],{"className":43,"code":95717,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"3.14159\n3.14\n3.14159\n",[15,95719,95720,95725,95729],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,95721,95722],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,95723,95724],{"class":68},"3.14159\n",[50,95726,95727],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,95728,40246],{"class":68},[50,95730,95731],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,95732,95724],{"class":68},[20,95734,95735],{},"If you want to keep the rounded value, assign it:",[41,95737,95739],{"className":43,"code":95738,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = 3.14159\nvalue = round(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,95740,95741,95749,95767,95771],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,95742,95743,95745,95747],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,95744,2544],{"class":56},[50,95746,61],{"class":60},[50,95748,95670],{"class":68},[50,95750,95751,95753,95755,95757,95759,95761,95763,95765],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,95752,2544],{"class":56},[50,95754,61],{"class":60},[50,95756,95118],{"class":94},[50,95758,98],{"class":64},[50,95760,2570],{"class":101},[50,95762,72],{"class":64},[50,95764,80],{"class":68},[50,95766,105],{"class":64},[50,95768,95769],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,95770,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,95772,95773,95775,95777,95779],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,95774,118],{"class":94},[50,95776,98],{"class":64},[50,95778,2570],{"class":101},[50,95780,105],{"class":64},[20,95782,353],{},[41,95784,95785],{"className":43,"code":40246,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,95786,95787],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,95788,95789],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,95790,40246],{"class":68},[36,95792,5040,95794],{"id":95793},"when-to-use-round",[15,95795,94800],{},[20,95797,920,95798,6395],{},[15,95799,94800],{},[158,95801,95802,95805,95808,95811],{},[161,95803,95804],{},"Display simpler numeric output",[161,95806,95807],{},"Limit decimal places in calculations",[161,95809,95810],{},"Round values before reporting results",[161,95812,95813],{},"Prepare numbers for easier reading",[20,95815,5551],{},[41,95817,95819],{"className":43,"code":95818,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"distance = 12.67891\nprint(round(distance, 2))\n",[15,95820,95821,95830],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,95822,95823,95825,95827],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,95824,2694],{"class":56},[50,95826,61],{"class":60},[50,95828,95829],{"class":68}," 12.67891\n",[50,95831,95832,95834,95836,95838,95840,95842,95844,95846],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,95833,118],{"class":94},[50,95835,98],{"class":64},[50,95837,94841],{"class":94},[50,95839,98],{"class":64},[50,95841,2717],{"class":101},[50,95843,72],{"class":64},[50,95845,80],{"class":68},[50,95847,478],{"class":64},[20,95849,353],{},[41,95851,95853],{"className":43,"code":95852,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"12.68\n",[15,95854,95855],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,95856,95857],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,95858,95852],{"class":68},[36,95860,1743],{"id":1742},[20,95862,23164,95863,425],{},[15,95864,94800],{},[222,95866,8532,95868,95870,95871,95873],{"id":95867},"expecting-round-to-always-round-5-upward",[15,95869,94800],{}," to always round ",[15,95872,95469],{}," upward",[20,95875,95876],{},"This is one of the most common surprises.",[41,95878,95879],{"className":43,"code":95474,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,95880,95881,95895],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,95882,95883,95885,95887,95889,95891,95893],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,95884,118],{"class":94},[50,95886,98],{"class":64},[50,95888,94841],{"class":94},[50,95890,98],{"class":64},[50,95892,41228],{"class":68},[50,95894,478],{"class":64},[50,95896,95897,95899,95901,95903,95905,95907],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,95898,118],{"class":94},[50,95900,98],{"class":64},[50,95902,94841],{"class":94},[50,95904,98],{"class":64},[50,95906,2142],{"class":68},[50,95908,478],{"class":64},[20,95910,353],{},[41,95912,95913],{"className":43,"code":95509,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,95914,95915,95919],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,95916,95917],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,95918,17128],{"class":68},[50,95920,95921],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,95922,48720],{"class":68},[20,95924,95925],{},"Python may round tie values to the nearest even number.",[222,95927,95929],{"id":95928},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-value","Forgetting to save the returned value",[20,95931,95932,95934],{},[15,95933,94800],{}," returns a new value. It does not update the old one by itself.",[41,95936,95938],{"className":43,"code":95937,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = 3.14159\nround(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,95939,95940,95948,95962,95966],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,95941,95942,95944,95946],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,95943,2544],{"class":56},[50,95945,61],{"class":60},[50,95947,95670],{"class":68},[50,95949,95950,95952,95954,95956,95958,95960],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,95951,94841],{"class":94},[50,95953,98],{"class":64},[50,95955,2570],{"class":101},[50,95957,72],{"class":64},[50,95959,80],{"class":68},[50,95961,105],{"class":64},[50,95963,95964],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,95965,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,95967,95968,95970,95972,95974],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,95969,118],{"class":94},[50,95971,98],{"class":64},[50,95973,2570],{"class":101},[50,95975,105],{"class":64},[20,95977,353],{},[41,95979,95980],{"className":43,"code":95724,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,95981,95982],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,95983,95984],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,95985,95724],{"class":68},[20,95987,95988],{},"To keep the rounded result:",[41,95990,95992],{"className":43,"code":95991,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = round(value, 2)\n",[15,95993,95994],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,95995,95996,95998,96000,96002,96004,96006,96008,96010],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,95997,2544],{"class":56},[50,95999,61],{"class":60},[50,96001,95118],{"class":94},[50,96003,98],{"class":64},[50,96005,2570],{"class":101},[50,96007,72],{"class":64},[50,96009,80],{"class":68},[50,96011,105],{"class":64},[222,96013,96015],{"id":96014},"passing-a-string-instead-of-a-number","Passing a string instead of a number",[20,96017,16472],{},[41,96019,96021],{"className":43,"code":96020,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"# print(round(\"3.14\", 1))\n",[15,96022,96023],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,96024,96025],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,96026,96020],{"class":129},[20,96028,96029],{},"You need to convert the string first:",[41,96031,96033],{"className":43,"code":96032,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"3.14\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(round(number, 1))\n",[15,96034,96035,96047,96061,96065],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,96036,96037,96039,96041,96043,96045],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,96038,695],{"class":56},[50,96040,61],{"class":60},[50,96042,700],{"class":604},[50,96044,40212],{"class":608},[50,96046,705],{"class":604},[50,96048,96049,96051,96053,96055,96057,96059],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,96050,2316],{"class":56},[50,96052,61],{"class":60},[50,96054,40324],{"class":557},[50,96056,98],{"class":64},[50,96058,718],{"class":101},[50,96060,105],{"class":64},[50,96062,96063],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,96064,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,96066,96067,96069,96071,96073,96075,96077,96079,96081],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,96068,118],{"class":94},[50,96070,98],{"class":64},[50,96072,94841],{"class":94},[50,96074,98],{"class":64},[50,96076,2338],{"class":101},[50,96078,72],{"class":64},[50,96080,75],{"class":68},[50,96082,478],{"class":64},[20,96084,353],{},[41,96086,96088],{"className":43,"code":96087,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"3.1\n",[15,96089,96090],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,96091,96092],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,96093,96087],{"class":68},[222,96095,96097],{"id":96096},"confusing-rounding-a-value-with-formatting-text-output","Confusing rounding a value with formatting text output",[20,96099,96100,96102],{},[15,96101,94800],{}," changes the numeric value it returns. It is not the same as formatting text for display.",[20,96104,96105,96106,2976,96110,425],{},"If your data starts as text, convert it first with ",[421,96107,96108],{"href":2979},[15,96109,2982],{},[421,96111,96112],{"href":2972},[15,96113,2975],{},[36,96115,1913],{"id":1912},[222,96117,1917,96119,96121,96122,96124],{"id":96118},"does-round-always-round-05-up",[15,96120,94800],{}," always round ",[15,96123,40283],{}," up?",[20,96126,96127],{},"No. In tie cases, Python may round to the nearest even number.",[222,96129,1917,96131,96133],{"id":96130},"does-round-change-the-original-number",[15,96132,94800],{}," change the original number?",[20,96135,96136],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to keep it.",[222,96138,5248,96140,96142],{"id":96139},"can-round-round-to-tens-or-hundreds",[15,96141,94800],{}," round to tens or hundreds?",[20,96144,96145,96146,96148,96149,2976,96151,425],{},"Yes. Use a negative ",[15,96147,94950],{}," value like ",[15,96150,65915],{},[15,96152,95450],{},[222,96154,28398,96156,96158,96159,1943],{"id":96155},"can-i-use-round-on-a-string-like-314",[15,96157,94800],{}," on a string like ",[15,96160,48165],{},[20,96162,96163,96164,2976,96166,425],{},"Not directly. Convert the string first with ",[15,96165,2982],{},[15,96167,2975],{},[36,96169,1975],{"id":1974},[158,96171,96172,96178,96184,96188],{},[161,96173,96174],{},[421,96175,13,96176,1461],{"href":2979},[15,96177,2982],{},[161,96179,96180],{},[421,96181,13,96182,1461],{"href":2972},[15,96183,2975],{},[161,96185,96186],{},[421,96187,2517],{"href":2516},[161,96189,96190],{},[421,96191,42251],{"href":40960},[2018,96193,96194],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":96196},[96197,96198,96200,96201,96203,96205,96207,96208,96209,96211,96218,96228],{"id":2104,"depth":86,"text":2105},{"id":94892,"depth":86,"text":96199},"What round() does",{"id":180,"depth":86,"text":181},{"id":95046,"depth":86,"text":96202},"Using round() with one argument",{"id":95184,"depth":86,"text":96204},"Using round() with decimal places",{"id":95341,"depth":86,"text":96206},"Using negative ndigits",{"id":95462,"depth":86,"text":95463},{"id":95645,"depth":86,"text":95646},{"id":95793,"depth":86,"text":96210},"When to use round()",{"id":1742,"depth":86,"text":1743,"children":96212},[96213,96215,96216,96217],{"id":95867,"depth":108,"text":96214},"Expecting round() to always round .5 upward",{"id":95928,"depth":108,"text":95929},{"id":96014,"depth":108,"text":96015},{"id":96096,"depth":108,"text":96097},{"id":1912,"depth":86,"text":1913,"children":96219},[96220,96222,96224,96226],{"id":96118,"depth":108,"text":96221},"Does round() always round 0.5 up?",{"id":96130,"depth":108,"text":96223},"Does round() change the original number?",{"id":96139,"depth":108,"text":96225},"Can round() round to tens or hundreds?",{"id":96155,"depth":108,"text":96227},"Can I use round() on a string like \"3.14\"?",{"id":1974,"depth":86,"text":1975},"Master python round function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained",{"title":94792,"description":96229},"reference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained","e0t8hwZaUiwtmjnn3D5wfXRBmBmXDud37ro5ZcnR9iM",{"id":96236,"title":96237,"body":96238,"description":97423,"extension":2064,"meta":97424,"navigation":111,"path":97425,"seo":97426,"stem":97427,"__hash__":97428},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method.md","Python Set add() Method",{"type":7,"value":96239,"toc":97397},[96240,96247,96253,96256,96258,96307,96311,96336,96341,96346,96351,96365,96376,96378,96397,96399,96415,96418,96429,96431,96433,96494,96498,96531,96538,96545,96548,96581,96584,96588,96591,96644,96648,96669,96675,96682,96689,96750,96758,96835,96839,96851,96860,96862,96868,96874,96878,96931,96934,96992,96996,97004,97007,97011,97014,97024,97026,97123,97126,97137,97140,97183,97187,97211,97214,97220,97222,97226,97251,97253,97320,97329,97331,97337,97342,97346,97349,97353,97360,97364,97369,97371,97388,97394],[10,96241,96243,96244,11397],{"id":96242},"python-set-add-method","Python Set ",[15,96245,96246],{},"add()",[20,96248,96249,96252],{},[15,96250,96251],{},"set.add()"," adds one item to a set.",[20,96254,96255],{},"Use it when you want to put a single value into an existing set. If that value is not already present, Python adds it. If it is already in the set, nothing changes.",[36,96257,2105],{"id":2104},[41,96259,96261],{"className":43,"code":96260,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(4)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,96262,96263,96283,96297],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,96264,96265,96267,96269,96271,96273,96275,96277,96279,96281],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,96266,57],{"class":56},[50,96268,61],{"class":60},[50,96270,632],{"class":64},[50,96272,366],{"class":68},[50,96274,72],{"class":64},[50,96276,80],{"class":68},[50,96278,72],{"class":64},[50,96280,500],{"class":68},[50,96282,645],{"class":64},[50,96284,96285,96287,96289,96291,96293,96295],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,96286,102],{"class":56},[50,96288,425],{"class":64},[50,96290,82150],{"class":101},[50,96292,98],{"class":64},[50,96294,2602],{"class":68},[50,96296,105],{"class":64},[50,96298,96299,96301,96303,96305],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,96300,118],{"class":94},[50,96302,98],{"class":64},[50,96304,102],{"class":101},[50,96306,105],{"class":64},[20,96308,96309],{},[3824,96310,353],{},[41,96312,96314],{"className":43,"code":96313,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,96315,96316],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,96317,96318,96320,96322,96324,96326,96328,96330,96332,96334],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,96319,9357],{"class":64},[50,96321,366],{"class":68},[50,96323,72],{"class":64},[50,96325,80],{"class":68},[50,96327,72],{"class":64},[50,96329,500],{"class":68},[50,96331,72],{"class":64},[50,96333,2554],{"class":68},[50,96335,645],{"class":64},[20,96337,920,96338,96340],{},[15,96339,96246],{}," to put one value into a set. If the value is already in the set, nothing changes.",[36,96342,153,96344,156],{"id":96343},"what-setadd-does",[15,96345,96251],{},[20,96347,96348,96350],{},[15,96349,96251],{}," is a built-in set method that:",[158,96352,96353,96356,96359,96362],{},[161,96354,96355],{},"Adds one item to a set",[161,96357,96358],{},"Changes the original set in place",[161,96360,96361],{},"Does not return a new set",[161,96363,96364],{},"Leaves the set unchanged if the item already exists",[20,96366,96367,96368,2976,96372,425],{},"If you are new to sets, see ",[421,96369,96371],{"href":96370},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained","Python sets explained",[421,96373,96375],{"href":96374},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","how to create a set in Python",[36,96377,181],{"id":180},[41,96379,96381],{"className":43,"code":96380,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_set.add(item)\n",[15,96382,96383],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,96384,96385,96387,96389,96391,96393,96395],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,96386,15738],{"class":56},[50,96388,425],{"class":64},[50,96390,82150],{"class":101},[50,96392,98],{"class":64},[50,96394,23379],{"class":101},[50,96396,105],{"class":64},[20,96398,11534],{},[158,96400,96401,96406,96409],{},[161,96402,55976,96403,96405],{},[15,96404,96246],{}," on an existing set",[161,96407,96408],{},"Pass exactly one item",[161,96410,96411,96412],{},"The item must be ",[3824,96413,96414],{},"hashable",[20,96416,96417],{},"A hashable value is a value Python can safely store in a set. Common hashable values include:",[158,96419,96420,96422,96424,96427],{},[161,96421,56529],{},[161,96423,56532],{},[161,96425,96426],{},"Tuples",[161,96428,40664],{},[36,96430,271],{"id":270},[20,96432,11552],{},[41,96434,96436],{"className":43,"code":96435,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.add(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,96437,96438,96462,96480,96484],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,96439,96440,96442,96444,96446,96448,96450,96452,96454,96456,96458,96460],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,96441,13149],{"class":56},[50,96443,61],{"class":60},[50,96445,632],{"class":64},[50,96447,811],{"class":604},[50,96449,13166],{"class":608},[50,96451,811],{"class":604},[50,96453,72],{"class":64},[50,96455,700],{"class":604},[50,96457,13183],{"class":608},[50,96459,811],{"class":604},[50,96461,645],{"class":64},[50,96463,96464,96466,96468,96470,96472,96474,96476,96478],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,96465,17572],{"class":56},[50,96467,425],{"class":64},[50,96469,82150],{"class":101},[50,96471,98],{"class":64},[50,96473,811],{"class":604},[50,96475,17525],{"class":608},[50,96477,811],{"class":604},[50,96479,105],{"class":64},[50,96481,96482],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,96483,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,96485,96486,96488,96490,96492],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,96487,118],{"class":94},[50,96489,98],{"class":64},[50,96491,17572],{"class":101},[50,96493,105],{"class":64},[20,96495,96496],{},[3824,96497,30098],{},[41,96499,96501],{"className":43,"code":96500,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'red', 'green', 'blue'}\n",[15,96502,96503],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,96504,96505,96507,96509,96511,96513,96515,96517,96519,96521,96523,96525,96527,96529],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,96506,9357],{"class":64},[50,96508,611],{"class":604},[50,96510,13166],{"class":608},[50,96512,611],{"class":604},[50,96514,72],{"class":64},[50,96516,605],{"class":604},[50,96518,17525],{"class":608},[50,96520,611],{"class":604},[50,96522,72],{"class":64},[50,96524,605],{"class":604},[50,96526,13183],{"class":608},[50,96528,611],{"class":604},[50,96530,645],{"class":64},[20,96532,96533,96534,96537],{},"The new value ",[15,96535,96536],{},"\"green\""," was added to the set.",[20,96539,96540,96541,96544],{},"One important thing to remember: ",[3824,96542,96543],{},"sets are unordered collections",". That means you should not rely on the printed order of values.",[20,96546,96547],{},"For example, this is also valid output:",[41,96549,96551],{"className":43,"code":96550,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'blue', 'red', 'green'}\n",[15,96552,96553],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,96554,96555,96557,96559,96561,96563,96565,96567,96569,96571,96573,96575,96577,96579],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,96556,9357],{"class":64},[50,96558,611],{"class":604},[50,96560,13183],{"class":608},[50,96562,611],{"class":604},[50,96564,72],{"class":64},[50,96566,605],{"class":604},[50,96568,13166],{"class":608},[50,96570,611],{"class":604},[50,96572,72],{"class":64},[50,96574,605],{"class":604},[50,96576,17525],{"class":608},[50,96578,611],{"class":604},[50,96580,645],{"class":64},[20,96582,96583],{},"The values are the same. Only the display order is different.",[36,96585,96587],{"id":96586},"what-happens-with-duplicate-values","What happens with duplicate values",[20,96589,96590],{},"Sets store unique values only. If you try to add a value that is already in the set, Python does not raise an error.",[41,96592,96594],{"className":43,"code":96593,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,96595,96596,96616,96630,96634],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,96597,96598,96600,96602,96604,96606,96608,96610,96612,96614],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,96599,57],{"class":56},[50,96601,61],{"class":60},[50,96603,632],{"class":64},[50,96605,366],{"class":68},[50,96607,72],{"class":64},[50,96609,80],{"class":68},[50,96611,72],{"class":64},[50,96613,500],{"class":68},[50,96615,645],{"class":64},[50,96617,96618,96620,96622,96624,96626,96628],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,96619,102],{"class":56},[50,96621,425],{"class":64},[50,96623,82150],{"class":101},[50,96625,98],{"class":64},[50,96627,1564],{"class":68},[50,96629,105],{"class":64},[50,96631,96632],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,96633,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,96635,96636,96638,96640,96642],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,96637,118],{"class":94},[50,96639,98],{"class":64},[50,96641,102],{"class":101},[50,96643,105],{"class":64},[20,96645,96646],{},[3824,96647,353],{},[41,96649,96651],{"className":43,"code":96650,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,96652,96653],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,96654,96655,96657,96659,96661,96663,96665,96667],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,96656,9357],{"class":64},[50,96658,366],{"class":68},[50,96660,72],{"class":64},[50,96662,80],{"class":68},[50,96664,72],{"class":64},[50,96666,500],{"class":68},[50,96668,645],{"class":64},[20,96670,96671,96672,96674],{},"The set stays the same because ",[15,96673,1564],{}," was already present.",[36,96676,96678,1467,96680],{"id":96677},"add-vs-update",[15,96679,96246],{},[15,96681,15026],{},[20,96683,920,96684,96686,96687,425],{},[15,96685,96246],{}," when you want to add ",[3824,96688,52726],{},[41,96690,96692],{"className":43,"code":96691,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.add(\"c\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96693,96694,96718,96736,96740],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,96695,96696,96698,96700,96702,96704,96706,96708,96710,96712,96714,96716],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,96697,36160],{"class":56},[50,96699,61],{"class":60},[50,96701,632],{"class":64},[50,96703,811],{"class":604},[50,96705,421],{"class":608},[50,96707,811],{"class":604},[50,96709,72],{"class":64},[50,96711,700],{"class":604},[50,96713,4839],{"class":608},[50,96715,811],{"class":604},[50,96717,645],{"class":64},[50,96719,96720,96722,96724,96726,96728,96730,96732,96734],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,96721,36213],{"class":56},[50,96723,425],{"class":64},[50,96725,82150],{"class":101},[50,96727,98],{"class":64},[50,96729,811],{"class":604},[50,96731,9817],{"class":608},[50,96733,811],{"class":604},[50,96735,105],{"class":64},[50,96737,96738],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,96739,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,96741,96742,96744,96746,96748],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,96743,118],{"class":94},[50,96745,98],{"class":64},[50,96747,36213],{"class":101},[50,96749,105],{"class":64},[20,96751,920,96752,96686,96754,96757],{},[15,96753,15026],{},[3824,96755,96756],{},"multiple items from an iterable"," such as a list, tuple, or set.",[41,96759,96761],{"className":43,"code":96760,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.update([\"c\", \"d\", \"e\"])\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96762,96763,96787,96821,96825],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,96764,96765,96767,96769,96771,96773,96775,96777,96779,96781,96783,96785],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,96766,36160],{"class":56},[50,96768,61],{"class":60},[50,96770,632],{"class":64},[50,96772,811],{"class":604},[50,96774,421],{"class":608},[50,96776,811],{"class":604},[50,96778,72],{"class":64},[50,96780,700],{"class":604},[50,96782,4839],{"class":608},[50,96784,811],{"class":604},[50,96786,645],{"class":64},[50,96788,96789,96791,96793,96795,96797,96799,96801,96803,96805,96807,96809,96811,96813,96815,96817,96819],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,96790,36213],{"class":56},[50,96792,425],{"class":64},[50,96794,30533],{"class":101},[50,96796,1792],{"class":64},[50,96798,811],{"class":604},[50,96800,9817],{"class":608},[50,96802,811],{"class":604},[50,96804,72],{"class":64},[50,96806,700],{"class":604},[50,96808,18837],{"class":608},[50,96810,811],{"class":604},[50,96812,72],{"class":64},[50,96814,700],{"class":604},[50,96816,60513],{"class":608},[50,96818,811],{"class":604},[50,96820,3970],{"class":64},[50,96822,96823],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,96824,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,96826,96827,96829,96831,96833],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,96828,118],{"class":94},[50,96830,98],{"class":64},[50,96832,36213],{"class":101},[50,96834,105],{"class":64},[222,96836,96838],{"id":96837},"key-difference","Key difference",[158,96840,96841,96846],{},[161,96842,96843,96845],{},[15,96844,96246],{}," adds one item",[161,96847,96848,96850],{},[15,96849,15026],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable",[20,96852,96853,96854,425],{},"If you want to learn that method next, see ",[421,96855,96857,96858,10816],{"href":96856},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","Python set ",[15,96859,15026],{},[36,96861,17488],{"id":17487},[20,96863,96864,2494,96866,425],{},[15,96865,96251],{},[15,96867,208],{},[20,96869,96870,96871,96873],{},"That means you should ",[3824,96872,4709],{}," assign its result back to the variable.",[222,96875,96877],{"id":96876},"correct","Correct",[41,96879,96881],{"className":43,"code":96880,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,96882,96883,96903,96917,96921],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,96884,96885,96887,96889,96891,96893,96895,96897,96899,96901],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,96886,15700],{"class":56},[50,96888,61],{"class":60},[50,96890,632],{"class":64},[50,96892,366],{"class":68},[50,96894,72],{"class":64},[50,96896,80],{"class":68},[50,96898,72],{"class":64},[50,96900,500],{"class":68},[50,96902,645],{"class":64},[50,96904,96905,96907,96909,96911,96913,96915],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,96906,15738],{"class":56},[50,96908,425],{"class":64},[50,96910,82150],{"class":101},[50,96912,98],{"class":64},[50,96914,2602],{"class":68},[50,96916,105],{"class":64},[50,96918,96919],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,96920,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,96922,96923,96925,96927,96929],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,96924,118],{"class":94},[50,96926,98],{"class":64},[50,96928,15738],{"class":101},[50,96930,105],{"class":64},[222,96932,96933],{"id":61833},"Wrong",[41,96935,96937],{"className":43,"code":96936,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,96938,96939,96959,96978,96982],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,96940,96941,96943,96945,96947,96949,96951,96953,96955,96957],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,96942,15700],{"class":56},[50,96944,61],{"class":60},[50,96946,632],{"class":64},[50,96948,366],{"class":68},[50,96950,72],{"class":64},[50,96952,80],{"class":68},[50,96954,72],{"class":64},[50,96956,500],{"class":68},[50,96958,645],{"class":64},[50,96960,96961,96963,96965,96968,96970,96972,96974,96976],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,96962,15700],{"class":56},[50,96964,61],{"class":60},[50,96966,96967],{"class":56}," my_set",[50,96969,425],{"class":64},[50,96971,82150],{"class":101},[50,96973,98],{"class":64},[50,96975,2602],{"class":68},[50,96977,105],{"class":64},[50,96979,96980],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,96981,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,96983,96984,96986,96988,96990],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,96985,118],{"class":94},[50,96987,98],{"class":64},[50,96989,15738],{"class":101},[50,96991,105],{"class":64},[20,96993,96994],{},[3824,96995,353],{},[41,96997,96998],{"className":43,"code":11882,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,96999,97000],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,97001,97002],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,97003,11882],{"class":207},[20,97005,97006],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. The method changes the original set directly.",[36,97008,97010],{"id":97009},"items-you-can-and-cannot-add","Items you can and cannot add",[20,97012,97013],{},"You can add hashable values such as:",[158,97015,97016,97018,97020,97022],{},[161,97017,56529],{},[161,97019,56532],{},[161,97021,96426],{},[161,97023,40664],{},[20,97025,1602],{},[41,97027,97029],{"className":43,"code":97028,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = set()\n\nitems.add(10)\nitems.add(\"hello\")\nitems.add((1, 2))\nitems.add(True)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,97030,97031,97041,97045,97059,97077,97095,97109,97113],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,97032,97033,97035,97037,97039],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,97034,7859],{"class":56},[50,97036,61],{"class":60},[50,97038,15705],{"class":557},[50,97040,8722],{"class":64},[50,97042,97043],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,97044,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,97046,97047,97049,97051,97053,97055,97057],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,97048,7888],{"class":56},[50,97050,425],{"class":64},[50,97052,82150],{"class":101},[50,97054,98],{"class":64},[50,97056,1618],{"class":68},[50,97058,105],{"class":64},[50,97060,97061,97063,97065,97067,97069,97071,97073,97075],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,97062,7888],{"class":56},[50,97064,425],{"class":64},[50,97066,82150],{"class":101},[50,97068,98],{"class":64},[50,97070,811],{"class":604},[50,97072,3926],{"class":608},[50,97074,811],{"class":604},[50,97076,105],{"class":64},[50,97078,97079,97081,97083,97085,97087,97089,97091,97093],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,97080,7888],{"class":56},[50,97082,425],{"class":64},[50,97084,82150],{"class":101},[50,97086,1820],{"class":64},[50,97088,366],{"class":68},[50,97090,72],{"class":64},[50,97092,80],{"class":68},[50,97094,478],{"class":64},[50,97096,97097,97099,97101,97103,97105,97107],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,97098,7888],{"class":56},[50,97100,425],{"class":64},[50,97102,82150],{"class":101},[50,97104,98],{"class":64},[50,97106,247],{"class":207},[50,97108,105],{"class":64},[50,97110,97111],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,97112,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,97114,97115,97117,97119,97121],{"class":52,"line":6503},[50,97116,118],{"class":94},[50,97118,98],{"class":64},[50,97120,7888],{"class":101},[50,97122,105],{"class":64},[20,97124,97125],{},"You cannot add mutable values such as:",[158,97127,97128,97131,97134],{},[161,97129,97130],{},"Lists",[161,97132,97133],{},"Dictionaries",[161,97135,97136],{},"Sets",[20,97138,97139],{},"Example that causes an error:",[41,97141,97143],{"className":43,"code":97142,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.add([4, 5])\n",[15,97144,97145,97165],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,97146,97147,97149,97151,97153,97155,97157,97159,97161,97163],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,97148,7859],{"class":56},[50,97150,61],{"class":60},[50,97152,632],{"class":64},[50,97154,366],{"class":68},[50,97156,72],{"class":64},[50,97158,80],{"class":68},[50,97160,72],{"class":64},[50,97162,500],{"class":68},[50,97164,645],{"class":64},[50,97166,97167,97169,97171,97173,97175,97177,97179,97181],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,97168,7888],{"class":56},[50,97170,425],{"class":64},[50,97172,82150],{"class":101},[50,97174,1792],{"class":64},[50,97176,2602],{"class":68},[50,97178,72],{"class":64},[50,97180,375],{"class":68},[50,97182,3970],{"class":64},[20,97184,97185],{},[3824,97186,29749],{},[41,97188,97190],{"className":43,"code":97189,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'\n",[15,97191,97192],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,97193,97194,97196,97198,97201,97203,97205,97207,97209],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,97195,1542],{"class":557},[50,97197,819],{"class":64},[50,97199,97200],{"class":56}," unhashable ",[50,97202,558],{"class":557},[50,97204,819],{"class":64},[50,97206,605],{"class":604},[50,97208,437],{"class":608},[50,97210,29768],{"class":604},[20,97212,97213],{},"This happens because lists are mutable, so they cannot be stored as set items.",[20,97215,97216,97217,425],{},"If you get this error, see how to fix ",[15,97218,97219],{},"TypeError: unhashable type",[36,97221,1743],{"id":1742},[20,97223,14806,97224,819],{},[15,97225,96251],{},[158,97227,97228,97233,97238,97241,97248],{},[161,97229,914,97230,97232],{},[15,97231,96246],{}," when you need to insert multiple values",[161,97234,8532,97235,97237],{},[15,97236,96246],{}," to return the updated set",[161,97239,97240],{},"Trying to add a list or dictionary to a set",[161,97242,37273,97243,97245,97246],{},[15,97244,96251],{}," with list ",[15,97247,52722],{},[161,97249,97250],{},"Expecting sets to keep insertion order for display logic",[20,97252,71567],{},[41,97254,97256],{"className":43,"code":97255,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nhelp(set.add)\n",[15,97257,97258,97268,97282,97292,97306],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,97259,97260,97262,97264,97266],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,97261,118],{"class":94},[50,97263,98],{"class":64},[50,97265,15738],{"class":101},[50,97267,105],{"class":64},[50,97269,97270,97272,97274,97276,97278,97280],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,97271,118],{"class":94},[50,97273,98],{"class":64},[50,97275,558],{"class":557},[50,97277,98],{"class":64},[50,97279,15738],{"class":101},[50,97281,478],{"class":64},[50,97283,97284,97286,97288,97290],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,97285,118],{"class":94},[50,97287,98],{"class":64},[50,97289,2570],{"class":101},[50,97291,105],{"class":64},[50,97293,97294,97296,97298,97300,97302,97304],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,97295,118],{"class":94},[50,97297,98],{"class":64},[50,97299,558],{"class":557},[50,97301,98],{"class":64},[50,97303,2570],{"class":101},[50,97305,478],{"class":64},[50,97307,97308,97310,97312,97314,97316,97318],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,97309,32222],{"class":94},[50,97311,98],{"class":64},[50,97313,617],{"class":557},[50,97315,425],{"class":64},[50,97317,82150],{"class":1400},[50,97319,105],{"class":64},[20,97321,97322,97323,97325,97326,425],{},"Also remember that ",[15,97324,96251],{}," is not the same as adding items to a list. If you are working with lists instead, see ",[421,97327,53118],{"href":97328},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python",[36,97330,1913],{"id":1912},[222,97332,1917,97334,97336],{"id":97333},"does-setadd-return-a-new-set",[15,97335,96251],{}," return a new set?",[20,97338,97339,97340,425],{},"No. It changes the existing set and returns ",[15,97341,208],{},[222,97343,97345],{"id":97344},"what-if-i-add-a-value-that-is-already-in-the-set","What if I add a value that is already in the set?",[20,97347,97348],{},"Nothing breaks. The set stays the same because sets keep only unique values.",[222,97350,97352],{"id":97351},"how-do-i-add-more-than-one-item-to-a-set","How do I add more than one item to a set?",[20,97354,920,97355,1940,97358,425],{},[15,97356,97357],{},"set.update()",[15,97359,96246],{},[222,97361,97363],{"id":97362},"can-i-add-a-list-to-a-set","Can I add a list to a set?",[20,97365,97366,97367,425],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so Python raises a ",[15,97368,1542],{},[36,97370,1975],{"id":1974},[158,97372,97373,97377,97382],{},[161,97374,97375],{},[421,97376,96371],{"href":96370},[161,97378,97379],{},[421,97380,97381],{"href":96374},"How to create a set in Python",[161,97383,97384],{},[421,97385,96857,97386,10816],{"href":96856},[15,97387,15026],{},[20,97389,97390,97391,97393],{},"Once you understand ",[15,97392,96246],{},", the next useful step is learning when to use a set, list, or another collection type so you can choose the right method for the task.",[2018,97395,97396],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":97398},[97399,97400,97402,97403,97404,97405,97409,97413,97414,97415,97422],{"id":2104,"depth":86,"text":2105},{"id":96343,"depth":86,"text":97401},"What set.add() does",{"id":180,"depth":86,"text":181},{"id":270,"depth":86,"text":271},{"id":96586,"depth":86,"text":96587},{"id":96677,"depth":86,"text":97406,"children":97407},"add() vs update()",[97408],{"id":96837,"depth":108,"text":96838},{"id":17487,"depth":86,"text":17488,"children":97410},[97411,97412],{"id":96876,"depth":108,"text":96877},{"id":61833,"depth":108,"text":96933},{"id":97009,"depth":86,"text":97010},{"id":1742,"depth":86,"text":1743},{"id":1912,"depth":86,"text":1913,"children":97416},[97417,97419,97420,97421],{"id":97333,"depth":108,"text":97418},"Does set.add() return a new set?",{"id":97344,"depth":108,"text":97345},{"id":97351,"depth":108,"text":97352},{"id":97362,"depth":108,"text":97363},{"id":1974,"depth":86,"text":1975},"Master python set add method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method",{"title":96237,"description":97423},"reference\u002Fpython-set-add-method","9I9TzJ60fjl-DGg9PZdc1Vb3FA6ASoe34_STMZ7XW50",{"id":97430,"title":97431,"body":97432,"description":98601,"extension":2064,"meta":98602,"navigation":111,"path":98603,"seo":98604,"stem":98605,"__hash__":98606},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method.md","Python Set clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":97433,"toc":98568},[97434,97439,97445,97452,97497,97499,97510,97515,97520,97524,97538,97543,97545,97547,97562,97564,97578,97580,97582,97647,97649,97659,97661,97679,97685,97692,97697,97771,97773,97790,97796,97801,97872,97874,97901,97918,97921,97927,97929,97936,97940,98007,98009,98024,98027,98080,98082,98090,98102,98104,98108,98113,98115,98164,98166,98174,98176,98221,98223,98233,98239,98247,98260,98266,98268,98297,98299,98317,98321,98324,98355,98357,98375,98379,98454,98456,98472,98479,98481,98486,98491,98497,98500,98504,98512,98519,98527,98529,98565],[10,97435,96243,97437,11397],{"id":97436},"python-set-clear-method",[15,97438,11396],{},[20,97440,97441,97444],{},[15,97442,97443],{},"set.clear()"," removes all items from a set.",[20,97446,97447,97448,97451],{},"Use it when you want to empty a set ",[3824,97449,97450],{},"without changing the variable itself",". This method changes the existing set in place, which is important when the same set is used in more than one place.",[41,97453,97455],{"className":43,"code":97454,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.clear()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97456,97457,97477,97487],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,97458,97459,97461,97463,97465,97467,97469,97471,97473,97475],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,97460,57],{"class":56},[50,97462,61],{"class":60},[50,97464,632],{"class":64},[50,97466,366],{"class":68},[50,97468,72],{"class":64},[50,97470,80],{"class":68},[50,97472,72],{"class":64},[50,97474,500],{"class":68},[50,97476,645],{"class":64},[50,97478,97479,97481,97483,97485],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,97480,102],{"class":56},[50,97482,425],{"class":64},[50,97484,11458],{"class":101},[50,97486,8722],{"class":64},[50,97488,97489,97491,97493,97495],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,97490,118],{"class":94},[50,97492,98],{"class":64},[50,97494,102],{"class":101},[50,97496,105],{"class":64},[20,97498,353],{},[41,97500,97502],{"className":43,"code":97501,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"set()\n",[15,97503,97504],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,97505,97506,97508],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,97507,617],{"class":557},[50,97509,8722],{"class":64},[20,97511,97512,97514],{},[15,97513,11396],{}," removes all items from the set in place. It does not create a new set.",[36,97516,153,97518,156],{"id":97517},"what-setclear-does",[15,97519,97443],{},[20,97521,1185,97522,11488],{},[15,97523,11396],{},[158,97525,97526,97529,97531,97535],{},[161,97527,97528],{},"Removes every item from a set",[161,97530,96358],{},[161,97532,11499,97533],{},[15,97534,208],{},[161,97536,97537],{},"Works on mutable set objects",[20,97539,96367,97540,71666],{},[421,97541,96371],{"href":97542},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained\u002F",[36,97544,181],{"id":180},[20,97546,54516],{},[41,97548,97550],{"className":43,"code":97549,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_set.clear()\n",[15,97551,97552],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,97553,97554,97556,97558,97560],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,97555,15738],{"class":56},[50,97557,425],{"class":64},[50,97559,11458],{"class":101},[50,97561,8722],{"class":64},[20,97563,13125],{},[158,97565,97566,97569,97572,97575],{},[161,97567,97568],{},"It takes no arguments",[161,97570,97571],{},"It empties the set",[161,97573,97574],{},"It keeps the same set variable",[161,97576,97577],{},"Use it when you want the set to stay the same object, but have no items in it",[36,97579,271],{"id":270},[20,97581,11552],{},[41,97583,97585],{"className":43,"code":97584,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = {\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"}\n\ncolors.clear()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,97586,97587,97619,97623,97633,97637],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,97588,97589,97591,97593,97595,97597,97599,97601,97603,97605,97607,97609,97611,97613,97615,97617],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,97590,13149],{"class":56},[50,97592,61],{"class":60},[50,97594,632],{"class":64},[50,97596,811],{"class":604},[50,97598,13166],{"class":608},[50,97600,811],{"class":604},[50,97602,72],{"class":64},[50,97604,700],{"class":604},[50,97606,17525],{"class":608},[50,97608,811],{"class":604},[50,97610,72],{"class":64},[50,97612,700],{"class":604},[50,97614,13183],{"class":608},[50,97616,811],{"class":604},[50,97618,645],{"class":64},[50,97620,97621],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,97622,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,97624,97625,97627,97629,97631],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,97626,17572],{"class":56},[50,97628,425],{"class":64},[50,97630,11458],{"class":101},[50,97632,8722],{"class":64},[50,97634,97635],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,97636,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,97638,97639,97641,97643,97645],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,97640,118],{"class":94},[50,97642,98],{"class":64},[50,97644,17572],{"class":101},[50,97646,105],{"class":64},[20,97648,353],{},[41,97650,97651],{"className":43,"code":97501,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,97652,97653],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,97654,97655,97657],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,97656,617],{"class":557},[50,97658,8722],{"class":64},[20,97660,11758],{},[158,97662,97663,97668,97673],{},[161,97664,97665,97667],{},[15,97666,17572],{}," starts with three values",[161,97669,97670,11771],{},[15,97671,97672],{},"colors.clear()",[161,97674,97675,97676,97678],{},"Printing the set shows ",[15,97677,3878],{},", which means an empty set",[36,97680,97682,97684],{"id":97681},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-set",[15,97683,11396],{}," vs creating a new empty set",[20,97686,97687,4472,97689,97691],{},[15,97688,11396],{},[15,97690,3878],{}," can both give you an empty set, but they do not work the same way.",[222,97693,914,97695],{"id":97694},"using-clear",[15,97696,11396],{},[41,97698,97700],{"className":43,"code":97699,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems.clear()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,97701,97702,97722,97732,97736,97746,97750,97760],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,97703,97704,97706,97708,97710,97712,97714,97716,97718,97720],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,97705,7859],{"class":56},[50,97707,61],{"class":60},[50,97709,632],{"class":64},[50,97711,366],{"class":68},[50,97713,72],{"class":64},[50,97715,80],{"class":68},[50,97717,72],{"class":64},[50,97719,500],{"class":68},[50,97721,645],{"class":64},[50,97723,97724,97727,97729],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,97725,97726],{"class":56},"other_name ",[50,97728,61],{"class":60},[50,97730,97731],{"class":56}," items\n",[50,97733,97734],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,97735,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,97737,97738,97740,97742,97744],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,97739,7888],{"class":56},[50,97741,425],{"class":64},[50,97743,11458],{"class":101},[50,97745,8722],{"class":64},[50,97747,97748],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,97749,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,97751,97752,97754,97756,97758],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,97753,118],{"class":94},[50,97755,98],{"class":64},[50,97757,7888],{"class":101},[50,97759,105],{"class":64},[50,97761,97762,97764,97766,97769],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,97763,118],{"class":94},[50,97765,98],{"class":64},[50,97767,97768],{"class":101},"other_name",[50,97770,105],{"class":64},[20,97772,353],{},[41,97774,97776],{"className":43,"code":97775,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"set()\nset()\n",[15,97777,97778,97784],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,97779,97780,97782],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,97781,617],{"class":557},[50,97783,8722],{"class":64},[50,97785,97786,97788],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,97787,617],{"class":557},[50,97789,8722],{"class":64},[20,97791,97792,97793,425],{},"Both variables now show an empty set because they refer to the ",[3824,97794,97795],{},"same set object",[222,97797,914,97799],{"id":97798},"using-set",[15,97800,3878],{},[41,97802,97804],{"className":43,"code":97803,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems = set()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,97805,97806,97826,97834,97838,97848,97852,97862],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,97807,97808,97810,97812,97814,97816,97818,97820,97822,97824],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,97809,7859],{"class":56},[50,97811,61],{"class":60},[50,97813,632],{"class":64},[50,97815,366],{"class":68},[50,97817,72],{"class":64},[50,97819,80],{"class":68},[50,97821,72],{"class":64},[50,97823,500],{"class":68},[50,97825,645],{"class":64},[50,97827,97828,97830,97832],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,97829,97726],{"class":56},[50,97831,61],{"class":60},[50,97833,97731],{"class":56},[50,97835,97836],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,97837,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,97839,97840,97842,97844,97846],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,97841,7859],{"class":56},[50,97843,61],{"class":60},[50,97845,15705],{"class":557},[50,97847,8722],{"class":64},[50,97849,97850],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,97851,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,97853,97854,97856,97858,97860],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,97855,118],{"class":94},[50,97857,98],{"class":64},[50,97859,7888],{"class":101},[50,97861,105],{"class":64},[50,97863,97864,97866,97868,97870],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,97865,118],{"class":94},[50,97867,98],{"class":64},[50,97869,97768],{"class":101},[50,97871,105],{"class":64},[20,97873,353],{},[41,97875,97877],{"className":43,"code":97876,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"set()\n{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,97878,97879,97885],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,97880,97881,97883],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,97882,617],{"class":557},[50,97884,8722],{"class":64},[50,97886,97887,97889,97891,97893,97895,97897,97899],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,97888,9357],{"class":64},[50,97890,366],{"class":68},[50,97892,72],{"class":64},[50,97894,80],{"class":68},[50,97896,72],{"class":64},[50,97898,500],{"class":68},[50,97900,645],{"class":64},[20,97902,1325,97903,93136,97906,97909,97910,425,97912,97914,97915,97917],{},[15,97904,97905],{},"items = set()",[3824,97907,97908],{},"new empty set object"," and assigns it to ",[15,97911,7888],{},[9924,97913],{},"\nBut ",[15,97916,97768],{}," still points to the original set.",[20,97919,97920],{},"This difference matters when more than one variable refers to the same set.",[20,97922,97923,97924,425],{},"If you need help creating sets correctly, see ",[421,97925,96375],{"href":97926},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set\u002F",[36,97928,17488],{"id":17487},[20,97930,97931,14126,97933,97935],{},[15,97932,11396],{},[3824,97934,4709],{}," return the emptied set.",[20,97937,5227,97938,425],{},[15,97939,208],{},[41,97941,97943],{"className":43,"code":97942,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97944,97945,97965,97969,97983,97987,97997],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,97946,97947,97949,97951,97953,97955,97957,97959,97961,97963],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,97948,57],{"class":56},[50,97950,61],{"class":60},[50,97952,632],{"class":64},[50,97954,366],{"class":68},[50,97956,72],{"class":64},[50,97958,80],{"class":68},[50,97960,72],{"class":64},[50,97962,500],{"class":68},[50,97964,645],{"class":64},[50,97966,97967],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,97968,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,97970,97971,97973,97975,97977,97979,97981],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,97972,89],{"class":56},[50,97974,61],{"class":60},[50,97976,4341],{"class":56},[50,97978,425],{"class":64},[50,97980,11458],{"class":101},[50,97982,8722],{"class":64},[50,97984,97985],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,97986,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,97988,97989,97991,97993,97995],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,97990,118],{"class":94},[50,97992,98],{"class":64},[50,97994,123],{"class":101},[50,97996,105],{"class":64},[50,97998,97999,98001,98003,98005],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,98000,118],{"class":94},[50,98002,98],{"class":64},[50,98004,102],{"class":101},[50,98006,105],{"class":64},[20,98008,353],{},[41,98010,98012],{"className":43,"code":98011,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"None\nset()\n",[15,98013,98014,98018],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,98015,98016],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,98017,11882],{"class":207},[50,98019,98020,98022],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,98021,617],{"class":557},[50,98023,8722],{"class":64},[20,98025,98026],{},"Do not do this:",[41,98028,98030],{"className":43,"code":98029,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98031,98032,98052,98066,98070],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,98033,98034,98036,98038,98040,98042,98044,98046,98048,98050],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,98035,57],{"class":56},[50,98037,61],{"class":60},[50,98039,632],{"class":64},[50,98041,366],{"class":68},[50,98043,72],{"class":64},[50,98045,80],{"class":68},[50,98047,72],{"class":64},[50,98049,500],{"class":68},[50,98051,645],{"class":64},[50,98053,98054,98056,98058,98060,98062,98064],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,98055,57],{"class":56},[50,98057,61],{"class":60},[50,98059,4341],{"class":56},[50,98061,425],{"class":64},[50,98063,11458],{"class":101},[50,98065,8722],{"class":64},[50,98067,98068],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,98069,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,98071,98072,98074,98076,98078],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,98073,118],{"class":94},[50,98075,98],{"class":64},[50,98077,102],{"class":101},[50,98079,105],{"class":64},[20,98081,353],{},[41,98083,98084],{"className":43,"code":11882,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,98085,98086],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,98087,98088],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,98089,11882],{"class":207},[20,98091,22258,98092,2494,98094,98096,98097,98099,98100,425],{},[15,98093,54629],{},[15,98095,208],{},", and then you assign that ",[15,98098,208],{}," back to ",[15,98101,102],{},[36,98103,4598],{"id":4597},[20,98105,10823,98106,425],{},[15,98107,97443],{},[222,98109,12669,98111],{"id":98110},"assigning-the-result-of-clear",[15,98112,11396],{},[20,98114,16715],{},[41,98116,98118],{"className":43,"code":98117,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,98119,98120,98140,98154],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,98121,98122,98124,98126,98128,98130,98132,98134,98136,98138],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,98123,15700],{"class":56},[50,98125,61],{"class":60},[50,98127,632],{"class":64},[50,98129,366],{"class":68},[50,98131,72],{"class":64},[50,98133,80],{"class":68},[50,98135,72],{"class":64},[50,98137,500],{"class":68},[50,98139,645],{"class":64},[50,98141,98142,98144,98146,98148,98150,98152],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,98143,15700],{"class":56},[50,98145,61],{"class":60},[50,98147,96967],{"class":56},[50,98149,425],{"class":64},[50,98151,11458],{"class":101},[50,98153,8722],{"class":64},[50,98155,98156,98158,98160,98162],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,98157,118],{"class":94},[50,98159,98],{"class":64},[50,98161,15738],{"class":101},[50,98163,105],{"class":64},[20,98165,353],{},[41,98167,98168],{"className":43,"code":11882,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,98169,98170],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,98171,98172],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,98173,11882],{"class":207},[20,98175,16727],{},[41,98177,98179],{"className":43,"code":98178,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,98180,98181,98201,98211],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,98182,98183,98185,98187,98189,98191,98193,98195,98197,98199],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,98184,15700],{"class":56},[50,98186,61],{"class":60},[50,98188,632],{"class":64},[50,98190,366],{"class":68},[50,98192,72],{"class":64},[50,98194,80],{"class":68},[50,98196,72],{"class":64},[50,98198,500],{"class":68},[50,98200,645],{"class":64},[50,98202,98203,98205,98207,98209],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,98204,15738],{"class":56},[50,98206,425],{"class":64},[50,98208,11458],{"class":101},[50,98210,8722],{"class":64},[50,98212,98213,98215,98217,98219],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,98214,118],{"class":94},[50,98216,98],{"class":64},[50,98218,15738],{"class":101},[50,98220,105],{"class":64},[20,98222,353],{},[41,98224,98225],{"className":43,"code":97501,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,98226,98227],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,98228,98229,98231],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,98230,617],{"class":557},[50,98232,8722],{"class":64},[222,98234,8532,98236,98238],{"id":98235},"expecting-clear-to-remove-only-one-item",[15,98237,11396],{}," to remove only one item",[20,98240,98241,98243,98244,98246],{},[15,98242,11396],{}," removes ",[3824,98245,3797],{}," items from the set.",[20,98248,98249,98250,2976,98255,425],{},"If you want to remove a single value, use methods like ",[421,98251,98253],{"href":98252},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method\u002F",[15,98254,55597],{},[421,98256,98258],{"href":98257},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method\u002F",[15,98259,12836],{},[222,98261,914,98263,98265],{"id":98262},"using-for-an-empty-set",[15,98264,3873],{}," for an empty set",[20,98267,25759],{},[41,98269,98271],{"className":43,"code":98270,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"empty_value = {}\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,98272,98273,98282],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,98274,98275,98278,98280],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,98276,98277],{"class":56},"empty_value ",[50,98279,61],{"class":60},[50,98281,9916],{"class":64},[50,98283,98284,98286,98288,98290,98292,98295],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,98285,118],{"class":94},[50,98287,98],{"class":64},[50,98289,558],{"class":557},[50,98291,98],{"class":64},[50,98293,98294],{"class":101},"empty_value",[50,98296,478],{"class":64},[20,98298,353],{},[41,98300,98301],{"className":43,"code":8888,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,98302,98303],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,98304,98305,98307,98309,98311,98313,98315],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,98306,597],{"class":60},[50,98308,601],{"class":600},[50,98310,605],{"class":604},[50,98312,8901],{"class":608},[50,98314,611],{"class":604},[50,98316,614],{"class":60},[20,98318,98319,8868],{},[15,98320,3873],{},[20,98322,98323],{},"To create an empty set, use:",[41,98325,98327],{"className":43,"code":98326,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"empty_set = set()\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,98328,98329,98340],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,98330,98331,98334,98336,98338],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,98332,98333],{"class":56},"empty_set ",[50,98335,61],{"class":60},[50,98337,15705],{"class":557},[50,98339,8722],{"class":64},[50,98341,98342,98344,98346,98348,98350,98353],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,98343,118],{"class":94},[50,98345,98],{"class":64},[50,98347,558],{"class":557},[50,98349,98],{"class":64},[50,98351,98352],{"class":101},"empty_set",[50,98354,478],{"class":64},[20,98356,353],{},[41,98358,98359],{"className":43,"code":8932,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,98360,98361],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,98362,98363,98365,98367,98369,98371,98373],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,98364,597],{"class":60},[50,98366,601],{"class":600},[50,98368,605],{"class":604},[50,98370,617],{"class":608},[50,98372,611],{"class":604},[50,98374,614],{"class":60},[222,98376,98378],{"id":98377},"not-realizing-another-variable-points-to-the-same-set","Not realizing another variable points to the same set",[41,98380,98382],{"className":43,"code":98381,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = {\"x\", \"y\"}\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\n",[15,98383,98384,98408,98416,98420,98430,98434,98444],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,98385,98386,98388,98390,98392,98394,98396,98398,98400,98402,98404,98406],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,98387,2652],{"class":56},[50,98389,61],{"class":60},[50,98391,632],{"class":64},[50,98393,811],{"class":604},[50,98395,2273],{"class":608},[50,98397,811],{"class":604},[50,98399,72],{"class":64},[50,98401,700],{"class":604},[50,98403,780],{"class":608},[50,98405,811],{"class":604},[50,98407,645],{"class":64},[50,98409,98410,98412,98414],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,98411,2680],{"class":56},[50,98413,61],{"class":60},[50,98415,36245],{"class":56},[50,98417,98418],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,98419,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,98421,98422,98424,98426,98428],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,98423,421],{"class":56},[50,98425,425],{"class":64},[50,98427,11458],{"class":101},[50,98429,8722],{"class":64},[50,98431,98432],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,98433,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,98435,98436,98438,98440,98442],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,98437,118],{"class":94},[50,98439,98],{"class":64},[50,98441,421],{"class":101},[50,98443,105],{"class":64},[50,98445,98446,98448,98450,98452],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,98447,118],{"class":94},[50,98449,98],{"class":64},[50,98451,4839],{"class":101},[50,98453,105],{"class":64},[20,98455,353],{},[41,98457,98458],{"className":43,"code":97775,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,98459,98460,98466],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,98461,98462,98464],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,98463,617],{"class":557},[50,98465,8722],{"class":64},[50,98467,98468,98470],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,98469,617],{"class":557},[50,98471,8722],{"class":64},[20,98473,29131,98474,4472,98476,98478],{},[15,98475,421],{},[15,98477,4839],{}," refer to the same set, clearing one affects both.",[36,98480,1913],{"id":1912},[222,98482,1927,98484,5224],{"id":98483},"what-does-setclear-return-in-python",[15,98485,97443],{},[20,98487,5227,98488,98490],{},[15,98489,208],{},". It empties the set in place.",[222,98492,1917,98494,98496],{"id":98493},"does-clear-delete-the-set-variable",[15,98495,11396],{}," delete the set variable?",[20,98498,98499],{},"No. The variable still exists, but the set becomes empty.",[222,98501,98503],{"id":98502},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-set-after-clearing","How do I create an empty set after clearing?",[20,98505,98506,98507,98509,98510,425],{},"You already have one after ",[15,98508,11396],{},". Printing it shows ",[15,98511,3878],{},[222,98513,5258,98515,4472,98517,1943],{"id":98514},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-set",[15,98516,11396],{},[15,98518,3878],{},[20,98520,98521,98523,98524,98526],{},[15,98522,11396],{}," empties the existing set object. ",[15,98525,3878],{}," creates a new empty set object.",[36,98528,1975],{"id":1974},[158,98530,98531,98535,98539,98546,98552,98558],{},[161,98532,98533],{},[421,98534,96371],{"href":97542},[161,98536,98537],{},[421,98538,97381],{"href":97926},[161,98540,98541],{},[421,98542,96857,98544,10816],{"href":98543},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method\u002F",[15,98545,96246],{},[161,98547,98548],{},[421,98549,96857,98550,10816],{"href":98252},[15,98551,55597],{},[161,98553,98554],{},[421,98555,96857,98556,10816],{"href":98257},[15,98557,12836],{},[161,98559,98560],{},[421,98561,96857,98563,10816],{"href":98562},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method\u002F",[15,98564,15026],{},[2018,98566,98567],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":98569},[98570,98572,98573,98574,98581,98582,98591,98600],{"id":97517,"depth":86,"text":98571},"What set.clear() does",{"id":180,"depth":86,"text":181},{"id":270,"depth":86,"text":271},{"id":97681,"depth":86,"text":98575,"children":98576},"clear() vs creating a new empty set",[98577,98579],{"id":97694,"depth":108,"text":98578},"Using clear()",{"id":97798,"depth":108,"text":98580},"Using set()",{"id":17487,"depth":86,"text":17488},{"id":4597,"depth":86,"text":4598,"children":98583},[98584,98586,98588,98590],{"id":98110,"depth":108,"text":98585},"Assigning the result of clear()",{"id":98235,"depth":108,"text":98587},"Expecting clear() to remove only one item",{"id":98262,"depth":108,"text":98589},"Using {} for an empty set",{"id":98377,"depth":108,"text":98378},{"id":1912,"depth":86,"text":1913,"children":98592},[98593,98595,98597,98598],{"id":98483,"depth":108,"text":98594},"What does set.clear() return in Python?",{"id":98493,"depth":108,"text":98596},"Does clear() delete the set variable?",{"id":98502,"depth":108,"text":98503},{"id":98514,"depth":108,"text":98599},"What is the difference between clear() and set()?",{"id":1974,"depth":86,"text":1975},"Master python set clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method",{"title":97431,"description":98601},"reference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method","an3xypUqNVPwtX2yUs0k-KfEaD7q5bOcJq4_cTEG7TM",{"id":98608,"title":98609,"body":98610,"description":100442,"extension":2064,"meta":100443,"navigation":111,"path":96374,"seo":100444,"stem":100445,"__hash__":100446},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set.md","Python Set: Creating a Set",{"type":7,"value":98611,"toc":100399},[98612,98615,98618,98621,98623,98726,98730,98777,98783,98785,98804,98808,98811,98813,98827,98836,98840,98843,98878,98882,98902,98905,98909,98912,98973,98977,99002,99009,99015,99020,99022,99034,99038,99087,99091,99115,99122,99126,99167,99171,99192,99196,99229,99233,99274,99277,99281,99286,99325,99329,99354,99359,99365,99402,99406,99429,99433,99435,99438,99441,99518,99522,99559,99562,99566,99572,99575,99585,99634,99640,99646,99673,99676,99698,99700,99731,99734,99738,99742,99781,99785,99848,99851,99884,99888,99913,99915,99918,99924,99927,99954,99957,99975,99979,99983,99986,100029,100032,100036,100039,100042,100072,100075,100079,100082,100097,100102,100106,100109,100198,100200,100203,100293,100296,100314,100316,100320,100330,100334,100342,100346,100349,100353,100356,100360,100363,100365,100393,100396],[10,98613,98609],{"id":98614},"python-set-creating-a-set",[20,98616,98617],{},"This page shows how to create sets in Python, which syntax to use, and what happens with duplicates and empty sets.",[20,98619,98620],{},"A set is useful when you want a collection of unique values. Unlike a list, a set does not keep duplicate items.",[36,98622,39],{"id":38},[41,98624,98626],{"className":43,"code":98625,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nwords = set([\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\"])\nempty_set = set()\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(words)\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,98627,98628,98648,98682,98692,98696,98706,98716],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,98629,98630,98632,98634,98636,98638,98640,98642,98644,98646],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,98631,57],{"class":56},[50,98633,61],{"class":60},[50,98635,632],{"class":64},[50,98637,366],{"class":68},[50,98639,72],{"class":64},[50,98641,80],{"class":68},[50,98643,72],{"class":64},[50,98645,500],{"class":68},[50,98647,645],{"class":64},[50,98649,98650,98652,98654,98656,98658,98660,98662,98664,98666,98668,98670,98672,98674,98676,98678,98680],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,98651,1040],{"class":56},[50,98653,61],{"class":60},[50,98655,15705],{"class":557},[50,98657,1792],{"class":64},[50,98659,811],{"class":604},[50,98661,1049],{"class":608},[50,98663,811],{"class":604},[50,98665,72],{"class":64},[50,98667,700],{"class":604},[50,98669,1058],{"class":608},[50,98671,811],{"class":604},[50,98673,72],{"class":64},[50,98675,700],{"class":604},[50,98677,1049],{"class":608},[50,98679,811],{"class":604},[50,98681,3970],{"class":64},[50,98683,98684,98686,98688,98690],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,98685,98333],{"class":56},[50,98687,61],{"class":60},[50,98689,15705],{"class":557},[50,98691,8722],{"class":64},[50,98693,98694],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,98695,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,98697,98698,98700,98702,98704],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,98699,118],{"class":94},[50,98701,98],{"class":64},[50,98703,102],{"class":101},[50,98705,105],{"class":64},[50,98707,98708,98710,98712,98714],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,98709,118],{"class":94},[50,98711,98],{"class":64},[50,98713,1088],{"class":101},[50,98715,105],{"class":64},[50,98717,98718,98720,98722,98724],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,98719,118],{"class":94},[50,98721,98],{"class":64},[50,98723,98352],{"class":101},[50,98725,105],{"class":64},[20,98727,98728],{},[3824,98729,353],{},[41,98731,98733],{"className":43,"code":98732,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{1, 2, 3}\n{'banana', 'apple'}\nset()\n",[15,98734,98735,98751,98771],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,98736,98737,98739,98741,98743,98745,98747,98749],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,98738,9357],{"class":64},[50,98740,366],{"class":68},[50,98742,72],{"class":64},[50,98744,80],{"class":68},[50,98746,72],{"class":64},[50,98748,500],{"class":68},[50,98750,645],{"class":64},[50,98752,98753,98755,98757,98759,98761,98763,98765,98767,98769],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,98754,9357],{"class":64},[50,98756,611],{"class":604},[50,98758,1058],{"class":608},[50,98760,611],{"class":604},[50,98762,72],{"class":64},[50,98764,605],{"class":604},[50,98766,1049],{"class":608},[50,98768,611],{"class":604},[50,98770,645],{"class":64},[50,98772,98773,98775],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,98774,617],{"class":557},[50,98776,8722],{"class":64},[20,98778,98779,98780,98782],{},"Use curly braces with values for a non-empty set. Use ",[15,98781,3878],{}," for an empty set.",[36,98784,15235],{"id":15234},[158,98786,98787,98790,98795,98798,98801],{},[161,98788,98789],{},"How to create a set with curly braces",[161,98791,98792,98793],{},"How to create a set with ",[15,98794,3878],{},[161,98796,98797],{},"How to create an empty set correctly",[161,98799,98800],{},"What happens to duplicate values",[161,98802,98803],{},"How set creation differs from list, tuple, and dictionary creation",[36,98805,98807],{"id":98806},"what-a-set-is","What a set is",[20,98809,98810],{},"A set is a collection of unique values.",[20,98812,30609],{},[158,98814,98815,98818,98821,98824],{},[161,98816,98817],{},"Sets do not keep duplicate items",[161,98819,98820],{},"Sets are unordered",[161,98822,98823],{},"Sets do not use positions like list indexes",[161,98825,98826],{},"Sets are useful when you only care whether a value exists",[20,98828,98829,98830,2976,98832,425],{},"If you want a full beginner explanation, see ",[421,98831,96371],{"href":97542},[421,98833,98835],{"href":98834},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-set-in-python\u002F","what is a set in Python",[36,98837,98839],{"id":98838},"create-a-set-with-curly-braces","Create a set with curly braces",[20,98841,98842],{},"Use curly braces with comma-separated values to create a non-empty set.",[41,98844,98846],{"className":43,"code":98845,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98847,98848,98868],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,98849,98850,98852,98854,98856,98858,98860,98862,98864,98866],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,98851,57],{"class":56},[50,98853,61],{"class":60},[50,98855,632],{"class":64},[50,98857,366],{"class":68},[50,98859,72],{"class":64},[50,98861,80],{"class":68},[50,98863,72],{"class":64},[50,98865,500],{"class":68},[50,98867,645],{"class":64},[50,98869,98870,98872,98874,98876],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,98871,118],{"class":94},[50,98873,98],{"class":64},[50,98875,102],{"class":101},[50,98877,105],{"class":64},[20,98879,98880],{},[3824,98881,30098],{},[41,98883,98884],{"className":43,"code":96650,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,98885,98886],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,98887,98888,98890,98892,98894,98896,98898,98900],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,98889,9357],{"class":64},[50,98891,366],{"class":68},[50,98893,72],{"class":64},[50,98895,80],{"class":68},[50,98897,72],{"class":64},[50,98899,500],{"class":68},[50,98901,645],{"class":64},[20,98903,98904],{},"This is the shortest way to create a set when you already know the values.",[222,98906,98908],{"id":98907},"duplicates-are-removed-automatically","Duplicates are removed automatically",[20,98910,98911],{},"If you repeat a value, Python keeps only one copy.",[41,98913,98915],{"className":43,"code":98914,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3}\nprint(numbers)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,98916,98917,98949,98959],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,98918,98919,98921,98923,98925,98927,98929,98931,98933,98935,98937,98939,98941,98943,98945,98947],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,98920,57],{"class":56},[50,98922,61],{"class":60},[50,98924,632],{"class":64},[50,98926,366],{"class":68},[50,98928,72],{"class":64},[50,98930,80],{"class":68},[50,98932,72],{"class":64},[50,98934,80],{"class":68},[50,98936,72],{"class":64},[50,98938,500],{"class":68},[50,98940,72],{"class":64},[50,98942,500],{"class":68},[50,98944,72],{"class":64},[50,98946,500],{"class":68},[50,98948,645],{"class":64},[50,98950,98951,98953,98955,98957],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,98952,118],{"class":94},[50,98954,98],{"class":64},[50,98956,102],{"class":101},[50,98958,105],{"class":64},[50,98960,98961,98963,98965,98967,98969,98971],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,98962,118],{"class":94},[50,98964,98],{"class":64},[50,98966,1267],{"class":94},[50,98968,98],{"class":64},[50,98970,102],{"class":101},[50,98972,478],{"class":64},[20,98974,98975],{},[3824,98976,30098],{},[41,98978,98980],{"className":43,"code":98979,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{1, 2, 3}\n3\n",[15,98981,98982,98998],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,98983,98984,98986,98988,98990,98992,98994,98996],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,98985,9357],{"class":64},[50,98987,366],{"class":68},[50,98989,72],{"class":64},[50,98991,80],{"class":68},[50,98993,72],{"class":64},[50,98995,500],{"class":68},[50,98997,645],{"class":64},[50,98999,99000],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,99001,46687],{"class":68},[20,99003,21047,99004,4472,99006,99008],{},[15,99005,1564],{},[15,99007,69],{}," appeared more than once, the set stores each value only once.",[36,99010,99012,99013],{"id":99011},"create-a-set-with-set","Create a set with ",[15,99014,3878],{},[20,99016,920,99017,99019],{},[15,99018,3878],{}," when you want to build a set from another iterable.",[20,99021,5536],{},[158,99023,99024,99026,99028,99030],{},[161,99025,97130],{},[161,99027,96426],{},[161,99029,56532],{},[161,99031,99032],{},[15,99033,2016],{},[222,99035,99037],{"id":99036},"create-a-set-from-a-list","Create a set from a list",[41,99039,99041],{"className":43,"code":99040,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = set([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99042,99043,99077],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,99044,99045,99047,99049,99051,99053,99055,99057,99059,99061,99063,99065,99067,99069,99071,99073,99075],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,99046,57],{"class":56},[50,99048,61],{"class":60},[50,99050,15705],{"class":557},[50,99052,1792],{"class":64},[50,99054,366],{"class":68},[50,99056,72],{"class":64},[50,99058,80],{"class":68},[50,99060,72],{"class":64},[50,99062,80],{"class":68},[50,99064,72],{"class":64},[50,99066,500],{"class":68},[50,99068,72],{"class":64},[50,99070,500],{"class":68},[50,99072,72],{"class":64},[50,99074,2554],{"class":68},[50,99076,3970],{"class":64},[50,99078,99079,99081,99083,99085],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,99080,118],{"class":94},[50,99082,98],{"class":64},[50,99084,102],{"class":101},[50,99086,105],{"class":64},[20,99088,99089],{},[3824,99090,30098],{},[41,99092,99093],{"className":43,"code":96313,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,99094,99095],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,99096,99097,99099,99101,99103,99105,99107,99109,99111,99113],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,99098,9357],{"class":64},[50,99100,366],{"class":68},[50,99102,72],{"class":64},[50,99104,80],{"class":68},[50,99106,72],{"class":64},[50,99108,500],{"class":68},[50,99110,72],{"class":64},[50,99112,2554],{"class":68},[50,99114,645],{"class":64},[20,99116,99117,99118,425],{},"This is a common way to remove duplicates from a list. For a full task-based example, see ",[421,99119,99121],{"href":99120},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[222,99123,99125],{"id":99124},"create-a-set-from-a-tuple","Create a set from a tuple",[41,99127,99129],{"className":43,"code":99128,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"values = set((10, 20, 20, 30))\nprint(values)\n",[15,99130,99131,99157],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,99132,99133,99135,99137,99139,99141,99143,99145,99147,99149,99151,99153,99155],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,99134,516],{"class":56},[50,99136,61],{"class":60},[50,99138,15705],{"class":557},[50,99140,1820],{"class":64},[50,99142,1618],{"class":68},[50,99144,72],{"class":64},[50,99146,840],{"class":68},[50,99148,72],{"class":64},[50,99150,840],{"class":68},[50,99152,72],{"class":64},[50,99154,1627],{"class":68},[50,99156,478],{"class":64},[50,99158,99159,99161,99163,99165],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,99160,118],{"class":94},[50,99162,98],{"class":64},[50,99164,546],{"class":101},[50,99166,105],{"class":64},[20,99168,99169],{},[3824,99170,30098],{},[41,99172,99174],{"className":43,"code":99173,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{10, 20, 30}\n",[15,99175,99176],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,99177,99178,99180,99182,99184,99186,99188,99190],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,99179,9357],{"class":64},[50,99181,1618],{"class":68},[50,99183,72],{"class":64},[50,99185,840],{"class":68},[50,99187,72],{"class":64},[50,99189,1627],{"class":68},[50,99191,645],{"class":64},[222,99193,99195],{"id":99194},"create-a-set-from-a-string","Create a set from a string",[41,99197,99199],{"className":43,"code":99198,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"letters = set(\"hello\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,99200,99201,99219],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,99202,99203,99205,99207,99209,99211,99213,99215,99217],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,99204,36160],{"class":56},[50,99206,61],{"class":60},[50,99208,15705],{"class":557},[50,99210,98],{"class":64},[50,99212,811],{"class":604},[50,99214,3926],{"class":608},[50,99216,811],{"class":604},[50,99218,105],{"class":64},[50,99220,99221,99223,99225,99227],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,99222,118],{"class":94},[50,99224,98],{"class":64},[50,99226,36213],{"class":101},[50,99228,105],{"class":64},[20,99230,99231],{},[3824,99232,30098],{},[41,99234,99236],{"className":43,"code":99235,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n",[15,99237,99238],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,99239,99240,99242,99244,99246,99248,99250,99252,99254,99256,99258,99260,99262,99264,99266,99268,99270,99272],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,99241,9357],{"class":64},[50,99243,611],{"class":604},[50,99245,736],{"class":608},[50,99247,611],{"class":604},[50,99249,72],{"class":64},[50,99251,605],{"class":604},[50,99253,60513],{"class":608},[50,99255,611],{"class":604},[50,99257,72],{"class":64},[50,99259,605],{"class":604},[50,99261,60522],{"class":608},[50,99263,611],{"class":604},[50,99265,72],{"class":64},[50,99267,605],{"class":604},[50,99269,754],{"class":608},[50,99271,611],{"class":604},[50,99273,645],{"class":64},[20,99275,99276],{},"The string is treated as an iterable of characters, so the set contains unique letters only.",[36,99278,99280],{"id":99279},"how-to-create-an-empty-set","How to create an empty set",[20,99282,99283,99284,425],{},"To create an empty set, use ",[15,99285,3878],{},[41,99287,99289],{"className":43,"code":99288,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,99290,99291,99301,99311],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,99292,99293,99295,99297,99299],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,99294,98333],{"class":56},[50,99296,61],{"class":60},[50,99298,15705],{"class":557},[50,99300,8722],{"class":64},[50,99302,99303,99305,99307,99309],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,99304,118],{"class":94},[50,99306,98],{"class":64},[50,99308,98352],{"class":101},[50,99310,105],{"class":64},[50,99312,99313,99315,99317,99319,99321,99323],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,99314,118],{"class":94},[50,99316,98],{"class":64},[50,99318,558],{"class":557},[50,99320,98],{"class":64},[50,99322,98352],{"class":101},[50,99324,478],{"class":64},[20,99326,99327],{},[3824,99328,353],{},[41,99330,99332],{"className":43,"code":99331,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"set()\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,99333,99334,99340],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,99335,99336,99338],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,99337,617],{"class":557},[50,99339,8722],{"class":64},[50,99341,99342,99344,99346,99348,99350,99352],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,99343,597],{"class":60},[50,99345,601],{"class":600},[50,99347,605],{"class":604},[50,99349,617],{"class":608},[50,99351,611],{"class":604},[50,99353,614],{"class":60},[222,99355,44498,99357],{"id":99356},"do-not-use",[15,99358,3873],{},[20,99360,99361,99362,99364],{},"Empty braces do ",[3824,99363,4709],{}," create a set.",[41,99366,99368],{"className":43,"code":99367,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"empty_value = {}\nprint(empty_value)\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,99369,99370,99378,99388],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,99371,99372,99374,99376],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,99373,98277],{"class":56},[50,99375,61],{"class":60},[50,99377,9916],{"class":64},[50,99379,99380,99382,99384,99386],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,99381,118],{"class":94},[50,99383,98],{"class":64},[50,99385,98294],{"class":101},[50,99387,105],{"class":64},[50,99389,99390,99392,99394,99396,99398,99400],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,99391,118],{"class":94},[50,99393,98],{"class":64},[50,99395,558],{"class":557},[50,99397,98],{"class":64},[50,99399,98294],{"class":101},[50,99401,478],{"class":64},[20,99403,99404],{},[3824,99405,353],{},[41,99407,99409],{"className":43,"code":99408,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,99410,99411,99415],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,99412,99413],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,99414,9512],{"class":64},[50,99416,99417,99419,99421,99423,99425,99427],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,99418,597],{"class":60},[50,99420,601],{"class":600},[50,99422,605],{"class":604},[50,99424,8901],{"class":608},[50,99426,611],{"class":604},[50,99428,614],{"class":60},[20,99430,99431,8868],{},[15,99432,3873],{},[36,99434,72330],{"id":72329},[20,99436,99437],{},"Sets store each value only once.",[20,99439,99440],{},"If the same value appears multiple times, Python removes the extra copies when the set is created.",[41,99442,99444],{"className":43,"code":99443,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"apple\", \"orange\"}\nprint(words)\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,99445,99446,99494,99504],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,99447,99448,99450,99452,99454,99456,99458,99460,99462,99464,99466,99468,99470,99472,99474,99476,99478,99480,99482,99484,99486,99488,99490,99492],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,99449,1040],{"class":56},[50,99451,61],{"class":60},[50,99453,632],{"class":64},[50,99455,811],{"class":604},[50,99457,1049],{"class":608},[50,99459,811],{"class":604},[50,99461,72],{"class":64},[50,99463,700],{"class":604},[50,99465,1058],{"class":608},[50,99467,811],{"class":604},[50,99469,72],{"class":64},[50,99471,700],{"class":604},[50,99473,1049],{"class":608},[50,99475,811],{"class":604},[50,99477,72],{"class":64},[50,99479,700],{"class":604},[50,99481,1049],{"class":608},[50,99483,811],{"class":604},[50,99485,72],{"class":64},[50,99487,700],{"class":604},[50,99489,33291],{"class":608},[50,99491,811],{"class":604},[50,99493,645],{"class":64},[50,99495,99496,99498,99500,99502],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,99497,118],{"class":94},[50,99499,98],{"class":64},[50,99501,1088],{"class":101},[50,99503,105],{"class":64},[50,99505,99506,99508,99510,99512,99514,99516],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,99507,118],{"class":94},[50,99509,98],{"class":64},[50,99511,1267],{"class":94},[50,99513,98],{"class":64},[50,99515,1088],{"class":101},[50,99517,478],{"class":64},[20,99519,99520],{},[3824,99521,30098],{},[41,99523,99525],{"className":43,"code":99524,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n3\n",[15,99526,99527,99555],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,99528,99529,99531,99533,99535,99537,99539,99541,99543,99545,99547,99549,99551,99553],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,99530,9357],{"class":64},[50,99532,611],{"class":604},[50,99534,1058],{"class":608},[50,99536,611],{"class":604},[50,99538,72],{"class":64},[50,99540,605],{"class":604},[50,99542,33291],{"class":608},[50,99544,611],{"class":604},[50,99546,72],{"class":64},[50,99548,605],{"class":604},[50,99550,1049],{"class":608},[50,99552,611],{"class":604},[50,99554,645],{"class":64},[50,99556,99557],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,99558,46687],{"class":68},[20,99560,99561],{},"This is why sets are helpful for cleaning repeated data.",[36,99563,99565],{"id":99564},"values-you-can-put-in-a-set","Values you can put in a set",[20,99567,99568,99569,99571],{},"Set items must be ",[3824,99570,96414],{},". In simple terms, that means Python must be able to treat the value as stable and usable inside a set.",[20,99573,99574],{},"These usually work:",[158,99576,99577,99579,99581,99583],{},[161,99578,56529],{},[161,99580,56532],{},[161,99582,96426],{},[161,99584,40664],{},[41,99586,99588],{"className":43,"code":99587,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"values = {1, \"apple\", (10, 20), True}\nprint(values)\n",[15,99589,99590,99624],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,99591,99592,99594,99596,99598,99600,99602,99604,99606,99608,99610,99612,99614,99616,99618,99620,99622],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,99593,516],{"class":56},[50,99595,61],{"class":60},[50,99597,632],{"class":64},[50,99599,366],{"class":68},[50,99601,72],{"class":64},[50,99603,700],{"class":604},[50,99605,1049],{"class":608},[50,99607,811],{"class":604},[50,99609,72],{"class":64},[50,99611,521],{"class":64},[50,99613,1618],{"class":68},[50,99615,72],{"class":64},[50,99617,840],{"class":68},[50,99619,9313],{"class":64},[50,99621,3997],{"class":207},[50,99623,645],{"class":64},[50,99625,99626,99628,99630,99632],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,99627,118],{"class":94},[50,99629,98],{"class":64},[50,99631,546],{"class":101},[50,99633,105],{"class":64},[20,99635,99636,99637,99639],{},"These do ",[3824,99638,4709],{}," work directly:",[158,99641,99642,99644],{},[161,99643,97130],{},[161,99645,97133],{},[41,99647,99649],{"className":43,"code":99648,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"bad_set = {[1, 2, 3]}\n",[15,99650,99651],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,99652,99653,99656,99658,99661,99663,99665,99667,99669,99671],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,99654,99655],{"class":56},"bad_set ",[50,99657,61],{"class":60},[50,99659,99660],{"class":64}," {[",[50,99662,366],{"class":68},[50,99664,72],{"class":64},[50,99666,80],{"class":68},[50,99668,72],{"class":64},[50,99670,500],{"class":68},[50,99672,13779],{"class":64},[20,99674,99675],{},"This raises an error:",[41,99677,99678],{"className":43,"code":97189,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,99679,99680],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,99681,99682,99684,99686,99688,99690,99692,99694,99696],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,99683,1542],{"class":557},[50,99685,819],{"class":64},[50,99687,97200],{"class":56},[50,99689,558],{"class":557},[50,99691,819],{"class":64},[50,99693,605],{"class":604},[50,99695,437],{"class":608},[50,99697,29768],{"class":604},[20,99699,52149],{},[41,99701,99703],{"className":43,"code":99702,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"bad_set = {{\"name\": \"Sam\"}}\n",[15,99704,99705],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,99706,99707,99709,99711,99714,99716,99718,99720,99722,99724,99726,99728],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,99708,99655],{"class":56},[50,99710,61],{"class":60},[50,99712,99713],{"class":64}," {{",[50,99715,811],{"class":604},[50,99717,814],{"class":608},[50,99719,811],{"class":604},[50,99721,819],{"class":64},[50,99723,700],{"class":604},[50,99725,7756],{"class":608},[50,99727,811],{"class":604},[50,99729,99730],{"class":64},"}}\n",[20,99732,99733],{},"This also raises an error because dictionaries are unhashable.",[36,99735,99737],{"id":99736},"set-creation-examples-beginners-need","Set creation examples beginners need",[222,99739,99741],{"id":99740},"create-a-set-of-numbers","Create a set of numbers",[41,99743,99745],{"className":43,"code":99744,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99746,99747,99771],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,99748,99749,99751,99753,99755,99757,99759,99761,99763,99765,99767,99769],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,99750,57],{"class":56},[50,99752,61],{"class":60},[50,99754,632],{"class":64},[50,99756,366],{"class":68},[50,99758,72],{"class":64},[50,99760,80],{"class":68},[50,99762,72],{"class":64},[50,99764,500],{"class":68},[50,99766,72],{"class":64},[50,99768,2554],{"class":68},[50,99770,645],{"class":64},[50,99772,99773,99775,99777,99779],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,99774,118],{"class":94},[50,99776,98],{"class":64},[50,99778,102],{"class":101},[50,99780,105],{"class":64},[222,99782,99784],{"id":99783},"create-a-set-from-a-list-with-duplicates","Create a set from a list with duplicates",[41,99786,99788],{"className":43,"code":99787,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [1, 1, 2, 3, 3]\nunique_items = set(items)\n\nprint(unique_items)\n",[15,99789,99790,99818,99833,99837],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,99791,99792,99794,99796,99798,99800,99802,99804,99806,99808,99810,99812,99814,99816],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,99793,7859],{"class":56},[50,99795,61],{"class":60},[50,99797,65],{"class":64},[50,99799,366],{"class":68},[50,99801,72],{"class":64},[50,99803,75],{"class":68},[50,99805,72],{"class":64},[50,99807,80],{"class":68},[50,99809,72],{"class":64},[50,99811,500],{"class":68},[50,99813,72],{"class":64},[50,99815,500],{"class":68},[50,99817,83],{"class":64},[50,99819,99820,99823,99825,99827,99829,99831],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,99821,99822],{"class":56},"unique_items ",[50,99824,61],{"class":60},[50,99826,15705],{"class":557},[50,99828,98],{"class":64},[50,99830,7888],{"class":101},[50,99832,105],{"class":64},[50,99834,99835],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,99836,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,99838,99839,99841,99843,99846],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,99840,118],{"class":94},[50,99842,98],{"class":64},[50,99844,99845],{"class":101},"unique_items",[50,99847,105],{"class":64},[222,99849,99195],{"id":99850},"create-a-set-from-a-string-1",[41,99852,99854],{"className":43,"code":99853,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"letters = set(\"banana\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,99855,99856,99874],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,99857,99858,99860,99862,99864,99866,99868,99870,99872],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,99859,36160],{"class":56},[50,99861,61],{"class":60},[50,99863,15705],{"class":557},[50,99865,98],{"class":64},[50,99867,811],{"class":604},[50,99869,1058],{"class":608},[50,99871,811],{"class":604},[50,99873,105],{"class":64},[50,99875,99876,99878,99880,99882],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,99877,118],{"class":94},[50,99879,98],{"class":64},[50,99881,36213],{"class":101},[50,99883,105],{"class":64},[222,99885,99887],{"id":99886},"create-an-empty-set","Create an empty set",[41,99889,99891],{"className":43,"code":99890,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,99892,99893,99903],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,99894,99895,99897,99899,99901],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,99896,98333],{"class":56},[50,99898,61],{"class":60},[50,99900,15705],{"class":557},[50,99902,8722],{"class":64},[50,99904,99905,99907,99909,99911],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,99906,118],{"class":94},[50,99908,98],{"class":64},[50,99910,98352],{"class":101},[50,99912,105],{"class":64},[36,99914,1743],{"id":1742},[20,99916,99917],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating sets.",[222,99919,914,99921,99923],{"id":99920},"using-and-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,99922,3873],{}," and expecting an empty set",[20,99925,99926],{},"This is one of the most common mistakes.",[41,99928,99930],{"className":43,"code":99929,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = {}\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,99931,99932,99940],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,99933,99934,99936,99938],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,99935,2544],{"class":56},[50,99937,61],{"class":60},[50,99939,9916],{"class":64},[50,99941,99942,99944,99946,99948,99950,99952],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,99943,118],{"class":94},[50,99945,98],{"class":64},[50,99947,558],{"class":557},[50,99949,98],{"class":64},[50,99951,2570],{"class":101},[50,99953,478],{"class":64},[20,99955,99956],{},"This prints:",[41,99958,99959],{"className":43,"code":8888,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,99960,99961],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,99962,99963,99965,99967,99969,99971,99973],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,99964,597],{"class":60},[50,99966,601],{"class":600},[50,99968,605],{"class":604},[50,99970,8901],{"class":608},[50,99972,611],{"class":604},[50,99974,614],{"class":60},[20,99976,920,99977,6709],{},[15,99978,3878],{},[222,99980,99982],{"id":99981},"forgetting-that-duplicate-values-are-removed","Forgetting that duplicate values are removed",[20,99984,99985],{},"If you create a set with repeated values, the duplicates disappear.",[41,99987,99989],{"className":43,"code":99988,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99990,99991,100019],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,99992,99993,99995,99997,99999,100001,100003,100005,100007,100009,100011,100013,100015,100017],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,99994,57],{"class":56},[50,99996,61],{"class":60},[50,99998,632],{"class":64},[50,100000,366],{"class":68},[50,100002,72],{"class":64},[50,100004,75],{"class":68},[50,100006,72],{"class":64},[50,100008,80],{"class":68},[50,100010,72],{"class":64},[50,100012,80],{"class":68},[50,100014,72],{"class":64},[50,100016,500],{"class":68},[50,100018,645],{"class":64},[50,100020,100021,100023,100025,100027],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,100022,118],{"class":94},[50,100024,98],{"class":64},[50,100026,102],{"class":101},[50,100028,105],{"class":64},[20,100030,100031],{},"You will only get the unique values.",[222,100033,100035],{"id":100034},"expecting-set-items-to-stay-in-a-fixed-order","Expecting set items to stay in a fixed order",[20,100037,100038],{},"A set is unordered. You should not rely on item position.",[20,100040,100041],{},"This means code like this does not work:",[41,100043,100045],{"className":43,"code":100044,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = {10, 20, 30}\n# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[15,100046,100047,100067],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,100048,100049,100051,100053,100055,100057,100059,100061,100063,100065],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,100050,57],{"class":56},[50,100052,61],{"class":60},[50,100054,632],{"class":64},[50,100056,1618],{"class":68},[50,100058,72],{"class":64},[50,100060,840],{"class":68},[50,100062,72],{"class":64},[50,100064,1627],{"class":68},[50,100066,645],{"class":64},[50,100068,100069],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,100070,100071],{"class":129},"# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[20,100073,100074],{},"If you need ordered items by position, use a list instead.",[222,100076,100078],{"id":100077},"trying-to-put-a-list-or-dictionary-inside-a-set","Trying to put a list or dictionary inside a set",[20,100080,100081],{},"Lists and dictionaries cannot be added directly to a set because they are unhashable.",[41,100083,100085],{"className":43,"code":100084,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[15,100086,100087,100092],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,100088,100089],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,100090,100091],{"class":129},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n",[50,100093,100094],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,100095,100096],{"class":129},"# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[20,100098,100099,100100,425],{},"Both examples would raise a ",[15,100101,1542],{},[222,100103,100105],{"id":100104},"confusing-set-creation-with-dictionary-creation","Confusing set creation with dictionary creation",[20,100107,100108],{},"These look similar, but they are different:",[41,100110,100112],{"className":43,"code":100111,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,100113,100114,100134,100166,100170,100184],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,100115,100116,100118,100120,100122,100124,100126,100128,100130,100132],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,100117,15700],{"class":56},[50,100119,61],{"class":60},[50,100121,632],{"class":64},[50,100123,366],{"class":68},[50,100125,72],{"class":64},[50,100127,80],{"class":68},[50,100129,72],{"class":64},[50,100131,500],{"class":68},[50,100133,645],{"class":64},[50,100135,100136,100138,100140,100142,100144,100146,100148,100150,100152,100154,100156,100158,100160,100162,100164],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,100137,11799],{"class":56},[50,100139,61],{"class":60},[50,100141,632],{"class":64},[50,100143,811],{"class":604},[50,100145,421],{"class":608},[50,100147,811],{"class":604},[50,100149,819],{"class":64},[50,100151,75],{"class":68},[50,100153,72],{"class":64},[50,100155,700],{"class":604},[50,100157,4839],{"class":608},[50,100159,811],{"class":604},[50,100161,819],{"class":64},[50,100163,80],{"class":68},[50,100165,645],{"class":64},[50,100167,100168],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,100169,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,100171,100172,100174,100176,100178,100180,100182],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,100173,118],{"class":94},[50,100175,98],{"class":64},[50,100177,558],{"class":557},[50,100179,98],{"class":64},[50,100181,15738],{"class":101},[50,100183,478],{"class":64},[50,100185,100186,100188,100190,100192,100194,100196],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,100187,118],{"class":94},[50,100189,98],{"class":64},[50,100191,558],{"class":557},[50,100193,98],{"class":64},[50,100195,11525],{"class":101},[50,100197,478],{"class":64},[36,100199,92827],{"id":92826},[20,100201,100202],{},"If you are not sure what Python created, these quick checks help:",[41,100204,100206],{"className":43,"code":100205,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_set = set([1, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint({})\nprint(set())\n",[15,100207,100208,100234,100238,100252,100262,100276,100283],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,100209,100210,100212,100214,100216,100218,100220,100222,100224,100226,100228,100230,100232],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,100211,15700],{"class":56},[50,100213,61],{"class":60},[50,100215,15705],{"class":557},[50,100217,1792],{"class":64},[50,100219,366],{"class":68},[50,100221,72],{"class":64},[50,100223,80],{"class":68},[50,100225,72],{"class":64},[50,100227,80],{"class":68},[50,100229,72],{"class":64},[50,100231,500],{"class":68},[50,100233,3970],{"class":64},[50,100235,100236],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,100237,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,100239,100240,100242,100244,100246,100248,100250],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,100241,118],{"class":94},[50,100243,98],{"class":64},[50,100245,558],{"class":557},[50,100247,98],{"class":64},[50,100249,15738],{"class":101},[50,100251,478],{"class":64},[50,100253,100254,100256,100258,100260],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,100255,118],{"class":94},[50,100257,98],{"class":64},[50,100259,15738],{"class":101},[50,100261,105],{"class":64},[50,100263,100264,100266,100268,100270,100272,100274],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,100265,118],{"class":94},[50,100267,98],{"class":64},[50,100269,1267],{"class":94},[50,100271,98],{"class":64},[50,100273,15738],{"class":101},[50,100275,478],{"class":64},[50,100277,100278,100280],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,100279,118],{"class":94},[50,100281,100282],{"class":64},"({})\n",[50,100284,100285,100287,100289,100291],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,100286,118],{"class":94},[50,100288,98],{"class":64},[50,100290,617],{"class":557},[50,100292,7273],{"class":64},[20,100294,100295],{},"Use these to confirm:",[158,100297,100298,100301,100304,100307],{},[161,100299,100300],{},"The object type",[161,100302,100303],{},"The actual values stored",[161,100305,100306],{},"Whether duplicates were removed",[161,100308,100309,100310,4472,100312],{},"The difference between ",[15,100311,3873],{},[15,100313,3878],{},[36,100315,1913],{"id":1912},[222,100317,100319],{"id":100318},"how-do-you-create-a-set-in-python","How do you create a set in Python?",[20,100321,100322,100323,100326,100327,100329],{},"Use curly braces for a non-empty set, like ",[15,100324,100325],{},"{1, 2, 3}",", or use ",[15,100328,3878],{}," with another iterable.",[222,100331,100333],{"id":100332},"how-do-you-create-an-empty-set-in-python","How do you create an empty set in Python?",[20,100335,920,100336,100338,100339,100341],{},[15,100337,3878],{},". Empty braces ",[15,100340,3873],{}," create a dictionary, not a set.",[222,100343,100345],{"id":100344},"does-a-set-keep-duplicates","Does a set keep duplicates?",[20,100347,100348],{},"No. Python removes duplicate values automatically when the set is created.",[222,100350,100352],{"id":100351},"can-a-set-contain-a-list","Can a set contain a list?",[20,100354,100355],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so they cannot be stored inside a set.",[222,100357,100359],{"id":100358},"is-a-set-ordered-in-python","Is a set ordered in Python?",[20,100361,100362],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item position.",[36,100364,1975],{"id":1974},[158,100366,100367,100371,100377,100383,100388],{},[161,100368,100369],{},[421,100370,96371],{"href":97542},[161,100372,100373],{},[421,100374,13,100375,10816],{"href":98543},[15,100376,96251],{},[161,100378,100379],{},[421,100380,13,100381,10816],{"href":98562},[15,100382,97357],{},[161,100384,100385],{},[421,100386,100387],{"href":99120},"How to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[161,100389,100390],{},[421,100391,100392],{"href":98834},"What is a set in Python?",[20,100394,100395],{},"Next, learn how to add items to a set or use a set to remove duplicates from data.",[2018,100397,100398],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":100400},[100401,100402,100403,100404,100407,100413,100417,100418,100419,100425,100433,100434,100441],{"id":38,"depth":86,"text":39},{"id":15234,"depth":86,"text":15235},{"id":98806,"depth":86,"text":98807},{"id":98838,"depth":86,"text":98839,"children":100405},[100406],{"id":98907,"depth":108,"text":98908},{"id":99011,"depth":86,"text":100408,"children":100409},"Create a set with set()",[100410,100411,100412],{"id":99036,"depth":108,"text":99037},{"id":99124,"depth":108,"text":99125},{"id":99194,"depth":108,"text":99195},{"id":99279,"depth":86,"text":99280,"children":100414},[100415],{"id":99356,"depth":108,"text":100416},"Do not use {}",{"id":72329,"depth":86,"text":72330},{"id":99564,"depth":86,"text":99565},{"id":99736,"depth":86,"text":99737,"children":100420},[100421,100422,100423,100424],{"id":99740,"depth":108,"text":99741},{"id":99783,"depth":108,"text":99784},{"id":99850,"depth":108,"text":99195},{"id":99886,"depth":108,"text":99887},{"id":1742,"depth":86,"text":1743,"children":100426},[100427,100429,100430,100431,100432],{"id":99920,"depth":108,"text":100428},"Using {} and expecting an empty set",{"id":99981,"depth":108,"text":99982},{"id":100034,"depth":108,"text":100035},{"id":100077,"depth":108,"text":100078},{"id":100104,"depth":108,"text":100105},{"id":92826,"depth":86,"text":92827},{"id":1912,"depth":86,"text":1913,"children":100435},[100436,100437,100438,100439,100440],{"id":100318,"depth":108,"text":100319},{"id":100332,"depth":108,"text":100333},{"id":100344,"depth":108,"text":100345},{"id":100351,"depth":108,"text":100352},{"id":100358,"depth":108,"text":100359},{"id":1974,"depth":86,"text":1975},"Master python set creating a set in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":98609,"description":100442},"reference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","F7KVZkLoMkGFL1kMVB2Scd2DlvV1I1oMzOpp-WRoVog",{"id":100448,"title":100449,"body":100450,"description":102881,"extension":2064,"meta":102882,"navigation":111,"path":102883,"seo":102884,"stem":102885,"__hash__":102886},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method.md","Python Set difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":100451,"toc":102846},[100452,100458,100464,100467,100469,100546,100548,100565,100575,100577,100582,100590,100592,100608,100612,100614,100616,100619,100640,100643,100667,100673,100675,100772,100774,100791,100801,100803,100805,100813,100815,100826,100828,100919,100921,100945,100956,100958,100960,100963,101093,101095,101168,101170,101191,101194,101196,101202,101207,101210,101337,101339,101356,101359,101361,101369,101372,101376,101384,101475,101477,101514,101519,101526,101603,101605,101621,101626,101631,101633,101642,101650,101731,101733,101762,101765,101769,101780,101783,101866,101868,101889,101895,101897,101899,101903,101907,101914,101979,101981,102001,102004,102073,102075,102091,102095,102101,102113,102121,102123,102208,102210,102239,102242,102246,102251,102253,102303,102306,102387,102389,102405,102409,102412,102487,102490,102494,102497,102574,102576,102609,102615,102619,102622,102757,102759,102773,102775,102777,102783,102786,102793,102801,102807,102810,102814,102817,102819,102821,102843],[10,100453,96243,100455,11397],{"id":100454},"python-set-difference-method",[15,100456,100457],{},"difference()",[20,100459,100460,100463],{},[15,100461,100462],{},"set.difference()"," returns the values that are in one set but not in another.",[20,100465,100466],{},"This is useful when you want to find items that exist in the first set and remove anything that also appears in one or more other sets.",[36,100468,39],{"id":38},[41,100470,100472],{"className":43,"code":100471,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\nresult = a.difference(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100473,100474,100498,100518,100536],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,100475,100476,100478,100480,100482,100484,100486,100488,100490,100492,100494,100496],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,100477,2652],{"class":56},[50,100479,61],{"class":60},[50,100481,632],{"class":64},[50,100483,366],{"class":68},[50,100485,72],{"class":64},[50,100487,80],{"class":68},[50,100489,72],{"class":64},[50,100491,500],{"class":68},[50,100493,72],{"class":64},[50,100495,2554],{"class":68},[50,100497,645],{"class":64},[50,100499,100500,100502,100504,100506,100508,100510,100512,100514,100516],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,100501,2680],{"class":56},[50,100503,61],{"class":60},[50,100505,632],{"class":64},[50,100507,69],{"class":68},[50,100509,72],{"class":64},[50,100511,2554],{"class":68},[50,100513,72],{"class":64},[50,100515,375],{"class":68},[50,100517,645],{"class":64},[50,100519,100520,100522,100524,100526,100528,100530,100532,100534],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,100521,89],{"class":56},[50,100523,61],{"class":60},[50,100525,56955],{"class":56},[50,100527,425],{"class":64},[50,100529,2910],{"class":101},[50,100531,98],{"class":64},[50,100533,4839],{"class":101},[50,100535,105],{"class":64},[50,100537,100538,100540,100542,100544],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,100539,118],{"class":94},[50,100541,98],{"class":64},[50,100543,123],{"class":101},[50,100545,105],{"class":64},[20,100547,353],{},[41,100549,100551],{"className":43,"code":100550,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{1, 2}\n",[15,100552,100553],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,100554,100555,100557,100559,100561,100563],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,100556,9357],{"class":64},[50,100558,366],{"class":68},[50,100560,72],{"class":64},[50,100562,80],{"class":68},[50,100564,645],{"class":64},[20,100566,100567,100569,100570,100572,100573,425],{},[15,100568,100457],{}," returns a new set with items from ",[15,100571,421],{}," that are not in ",[15,100574,4839],{},[44986,100576],{},[36,100578,153,100580,156],{"id":100579},"what-difference-does",[15,100581,100457],{},[20,100583,1185,100584,100586,100587,100589],{},[15,100585,100457],{}," method compares sets and keeps only the values from the first set that do ",[3824,100588,4709],{}," appear in the other set.",[20,100591,13125],{},[158,100593,100594,100599,100602,100605],{},[161,100595,100596,100598],{},[15,100597,100457],{}," returns items that are in the first set but not in the other set",[161,100600,100601],{},"It creates a new set",[161,100603,100604],{},"It does not change the original set",[161,100606,100607],{},"It is useful for finding removed, missing, or unique values",[20,100609,96367,100610,425],{},[421,100611,96371],{"href":97542},[44986,100613],{},[36,100615,181],{"id":180},[20,100617,100618],{},"Use this form:",[41,100620,100622],{"className":43,"code":100621,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"set1.difference(set2)\n",[15,100623,100624],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,100625,100626,100629,100631,100633,100635,100638],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,100627,100628],{"class":56},"set1",[50,100630,425],{"class":64},[50,100632,2910],{"class":101},[50,100634,98],{"class":64},[50,100636,100637],{"class":101},"set2",[50,100639,105],{"class":64},[20,100641,100642],{},"You can also compare against more than one set:",[41,100644,100646],{"className":43,"code":100645,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"set1.difference(set2, set3)\n",[15,100647,100648],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,100649,100650,100652,100654,100656,100658,100660,100662,100665],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,100651,100628],{"class":56},[50,100653,425],{"class":64},[50,100655,2910],{"class":101},[50,100657,98],{"class":64},[50,100659,100637],{"class":101},[50,100661,72],{"class":64},[50,100663,100664],{"class":101}," set3",[50,100666,105],{"class":64},[20,100668,100669,100670,100672],{},"In that case, Python removes any value found in ",[3824,100671,5433],{}," of the other sets.",[20,100674,1602],{},[41,100676,100678],{"className":43,"code":100677,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2, 3}\nc = {5}\n\nresult = a.difference(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100679,100680,100708,100724,100736,100740,100762],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,100681,100682,100684,100686,100688,100690,100692,100694,100696,100698,100700,100702,100704,100706],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,100683,2652],{"class":56},[50,100685,61],{"class":60},[50,100687,632],{"class":64},[50,100689,366],{"class":68},[50,100691,72],{"class":64},[50,100693,80],{"class":68},[50,100695,72],{"class":64},[50,100697,500],{"class":68},[50,100699,72],{"class":64},[50,100701,2554],{"class":68},[50,100703,72],{"class":64},[50,100705,375],{"class":68},[50,100707,645],{"class":64},[50,100709,100710,100712,100714,100716,100718,100720,100722],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,100711,2680],{"class":56},[50,100713,61],{"class":60},[50,100715,632],{"class":64},[50,100717,1564],{"class":68},[50,100719,72],{"class":64},[50,100721,500],{"class":68},[50,100723,645],{"class":64},[50,100725,100726,100728,100730,100732,100734],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,100727,83230],{"class":56},[50,100729,61],{"class":60},[50,100731,632],{"class":64},[50,100733,290],{"class":68},[50,100735,645],{"class":64},[50,100737,100738],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,100739,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,100741,100742,100744,100746,100748,100750,100752,100754,100756,100758,100760],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,100743,89],{"class":56},[50,100745,61],{"class":60},[50,100747,56955],{"class":56},[50,100749,425],{"class":64},[50,100751,2910],{"class":101},[50,100753,98],{"class":64},[50,100755,4839],{"class":101},[50,100757,72],{"class":64},[50,100759,9759],{"class":101},[50,100761,105],{"class":64},[50,100763,100764,100766,100768,100770],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,100765,118],{"class":94},[50,100767,98],{"class":64},[50,100769,123],{"class":101},[50,100771,105],{"class":64},[20,100773,353],{},[41,100775,100777],{"className":43,"code":100776,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{1, 4}\n",[15,100778,100779],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,100780,100781,100783,100785,100787,100789],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,100782,9357],{"class":64},[50,100784,366],{"class":68},[50,100786,72],{"class":64},[50,100788,2554],{"class":68},[50,100790,645],{"class":64},[20,100792,100793,100794,100796,100797,2976,100799,425],{},"Here, Python starts with ",[15,100795,421],{}," and removes anything found in ",[15,100798,4839],{},[15,100800,9817],{},[44986,100802],{},[36,100804,17488],{"id":17487},[20,100806,100807,100809,100810,425],{},[15,100808,100457],{}," always returns a ",[3824,100811,100812],{},"new set",[20,100814,43719],{},[158,100816,100817,100820,100823],{},[161,100818,100819],{},"The return value is a new set",[161,100821,100822],{},"The result may be an empty set if all items are removed",[161,100824,100825],{},"The result is still a set, even if nothing remains",[20,100827,1602],{},[41,100829,100831],{"className":43,"code":100830,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,100832,100833,100849,100869,100873,100891,100895,100905],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,100834,100835,100837,100839,100841,100843,100845,100847],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,100836,2652],{"class":56},[50,100838,61],{"class":60},[50,100840,632],{"class":64},[50,100842,366],{"class":68},[50,100844,72],{"class":64},[50,100846,80],{"class":68},[50,100848,645],{"class":64},[50,100850,100851,100853,100855,100857,100859,100861,100863,100865,100867],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,100852,2680],{"class":56},[50,100854,61],{"class":60},[50,100856,632],{"class":64},[50,100858,366],{"class":68},[50,100860,72],{"class":64},[50,100862,80],{"class":68},[50,100864,72],{"class":64},[50,100866,500],{"class":68},[50,100868,645],{"class":64},[50,100870,100871],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,100872,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,100874,100875,100877,100879,100881,100883,100885,100887,100889],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,100876,89],{"class":56},[50,100878,61],{"class":60},[50,100880,56955],{"class":56},[50,100882,425],{"class":64},[50,100884,2910],{"class":101},[50,100886,98],{"class":64},[50,100888,4839],{"class":101},[50,100890,105],{"class":64},[50,100892,100893],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,100894,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,100896,100897,100899,100901,100903],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,100898,118],{"class":94},[50,100900,98],{"class":64},[50,100902,123],{"class":101},[50,100904,105],{"class":64},[50,100906,100907,100909,100911,100913,100915,100917],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,100908,118],{"class":94},[50,100910,98],{"class":64},[50,100912,558],{"class":557},[50,100914,98],{"class":64},[50,100916,123],{"class":101},[50,100918,478],{"class":64},[20,100920,353],{},[41,100922,100923],{"className":43,"code":99331,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,100924,100925,100931],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,100926,100927,100929],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,100928,617],{"class":557},[50,100930,8722],{"class":64},[50,100932,100933,100935,100937,100939,100941,100943],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,100934,597],{"class":60},[50,100936,601],{"class":600},[50,100938,605],{"class":604},[50,100940,617],{"class":608},[50,100942,611],{"class":604},[50,100944,614],{"class":60},[20,100946,100947,100948,19033,100950,100952,100953,100955],{},"An empty set is shown as ",[15,100949,3878],{},[15,100951,3873],{},". In Python, ",[15,100954,3873],{}," means an empty dictionary.",[44986,100957],{},[36,100959,271],{"id":270},[20,100961,100962],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets:",[41,100964,100966],{"className":43,"code":100965,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"fruits_a = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits_b = {\"banana\", \"orange\", \"grape\"}\n\nresult = fruits_a.difference(fruits_b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits_a)\nprint(fruits_b)\n",[15,100967,100968,101001,101034,101038,101058,101062,101072,101083],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,100969,100970,100973,100975,100977,100979,100981,100983,100985,100987,100989,100991,100993,100995,100997,100999],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,100971,100972],{"class":56},"fruits_a ",[50,100974,61],{"class":60},[50,100976,632],{"class":64},[50,100978,811],{"class":604},[50,100980,1049],{"class":608},[50,100982,811],{"class":604},[50,100984,72],{"class":64},[50,100986,700],{"class":604},[50,100988,1058],{"class":608},[50,100990,811],{"class":604},[50,100992,72],{"class":64},[50,100994,700],{"class":604},[50,100996,33291],{"class":608},[50,100998,811],{"class":604},[50,101000,645],{"class":64},[50,101002,101003,101006,101008,101010,101012,101014,101016,101018,101020,101022,101024,101026,101028,101030,101032],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,101004,101005],{"class":56},"fruits_b ",[50,101007,61],{"class":60},[50,101009,632],{"class":64},[50,101011,811],{"class":604},[50,101013,1058],{"class":608},[50,101015,811],{"class":604},[50,101017,72],{"class":64},[50,101019,700],{"class":604},[50,101021,33291],{"class":608},[50,101023,811],{"class":604},[50,101025,72],{"class":64},[50,101027,700],{"class":604},[50,101029,22602],{"class":608},[50,101031,811],{"class":604},[50,101033,645],{"class":64},[50,101035,101036],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,101037,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,101039,101040,101042,101044,101047,101049,101051,101053,101056],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,101041,89],{"class":56},[50,101043,61],{"class":60},[50,101045,101046],{"class":56}," fruits_a",[50,101048,425],{"class":64},[50,101050,2910],{"class":101},[50,101052,98],{"class":64},[50,101054,101055],{"class":101},"fruits_b",[50,101057,105],{"class":64},[50,101059,101060],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,101061,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,101063,101064,101066,101068,101070],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,101065,118],{"class":94},[50,101067,98],{"class":64},[50,101069,123],{"class":101},[50,101071,105],{"class":64},[50,101073,101074,101076,101078,101081],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,101075,118],{"class":94},[50,101077,98],{"class":64},[50,101079,101080],{"class":101},"fruits_a",[50,101082,105],{"class":64},[50,101084,101085,101087,101089,101091],{"class":52,"line":6503},[50,101086,118],{"class":94},[50,101088,98],{"class":64},[50,101090,101055],{"class":101},[50,101092,105],{"class":64},[20,101094,30098],{},[41,101096,101098],{"className":43,"code":101097,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'grape'}\n",[15,101099,101100,101112,101140],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,101101,101102,101104,101106,101108,101110],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,101103,9357],{"class":64},[50,101105,611],{"class":604},[50,101107,1049],{"class":608},[50,101109,611],{"class":604},[50,101111,645],{"class":64},[50,101113,101114,101116,101118,101120,101122,101124,101126,101128,101130,101132,101134,101136,101138],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,101115,9357],{"class":64},[50,101117,611],{"class":604},[50,101119,1058],{"class":608},[50,101121,611],{"class":604},[50,101123,72],{"class":64},[50,101125,605],{"class":604},[50,101127,33291],{"class":608},[50,101129,611],{"class":604},[50,101131,72],{"class":64},[50,101133,605],{"class":604},[50,101135,1049],{"class":608},[50,101137,611],{"class":604},[50,101139,645],{"class":64},[50,101141,101142,101144,101146,101148,101150,101152,101154,101156,101158,101160,101162,101164,101166],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,101143,9357],{"class":64},[50,101145,611],{"class":604},[50,101147,1058],{"class":608},[50,101149,611],{"class":604},[50,101151,72],{"class":64},[50,101153,605],{"class":604},[50,101155,33291],{"class":608},[50,101157,611],{"class":604},[50,101159,72],{"class":64},[50,101161,605],{"class":604},[50,101163,22602],{"class":608},[50,101165,611],{"class":604},[50,101167,645],{"class":64},[20,101169,11758],{},[158,101171,101172,101177,101182,101188],{},[161,101173,101174,101175],{},"Start with ",[15,101176,101080],{},[161,101178,101179,101180],{},"Remove any values also found in ",[15,101181,101055],{},[161,101183,101184,101185,101187],{},"Only ",[15,101186,57900],{}," remains",[161,101189,101190],{},"The original sets stay unchanged",[20,101192,101193],{},"Notice that the printed order may look different. Sets do not keep items in a fixed order.",[44986,101195],{},[36,101197,914,101199,101201],{"id":101198},"using-difference-with-multiple-sets",[15,101200,100457],{}," with multiple sets",[20,101203,101204,101205,425],{},"You can pass two or more sets into ",[15,101206,100457],{},[20,101208,101209],{},"Python removes any value from the first set if that value appears in any of the other sets.",[41,101211,101213],{"className":43,"code":101212,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\ngroup_a = {2, 4}\ngroup_b = {5}\ngroup_c = {6, 7}\n\nresult = numbers.difference(group_a, group_b, group_c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,101214,101215,101247,101264,101277,101294,101298,101327],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,101216,101217,101219,101221,101223,101225,101227,101229,101231,101233,101235,101237,101239,101241,101243,101245],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,101218,57],{"class":56},[50,101220,61],{"class":60},[50,101222,632],{"class":64},[50,101224,366],{"class":68},[50,101226,72],{"class":64},[50,101228,80],{"class":68},[50,101230,72],{"class":64},[50,101232,500],{"class":68},[50,101234,72],{"class":64},[50,101236,2554],{"class":68},[50,101238,72],{"class":64},[50,101240,375],{"class":68},[50,101242,72],{"class":64},[50,101244,37713],{"class":68},[50,101246,645],{"class":64},[50,101248,101249,101252,101254,101256,101258,101260,101262],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,101250,101251],{"class":56},"group_a ",[50,101253,61],{"class":60},[50,101255,632],{"class":64},[50,101257,1564],{"class":68},[50,101259,72],{"class":64},[50,101261,2554],{"class":68},[50,101263,645],{"class":64},[50,101265,101266,101269,101271,101273,101275],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,101267,101268],{"class":56},"group_b ",[50,101270,61],{"class":60},[50,101272,632],{"class":64},[50,101274,290],{"class":68},[50,101276,645],{"class":64},[50,101278,101279,101282,101284,101286,101288,101290,101292],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,101280,101281],{"class":56},"group_c ",[50,101283,61],{"class":60},[50,101285,632],{"class":64},[50,101287,80638],{"class":68},[50,101289,72],{"class":64},[50,101291,6071],{"class":68},[50,101293,645],{"class":64},[50,101295,101296],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,101297,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,101299,101300,101302,101304,101306,101308,101310,101312,101315,101317,101320,101322,101325],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,101301,89],{"class":56},[50,101303,61],{"class":60},[50,101305,4341],{"class":56},[50,101307,425],{"class":64},[50,101309,2910],{"class":101},[50,101311,98],{"class":64},[50,101313,101314],{"class":101},"group_a",[50,101316,72],{"class":64},[50,101318,101319],{"class":101}," group_b",[50,101321,72],{"class":64},[50,101323,101324],{"class":101}," group_c",[50,101326,105],{"class":64},[50,101328,101329,101331,101333,101335],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,101330,118],{"class":94},[50,101332,98],{"class":64},[50,101334,123],{"class":101},[50,101336,105],{"class":64},[20,101338,353],{},[41,101340,101342],{"className":43,"code":101341,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{1, 3}\n",[15,101343,101344],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,101345,101346,101348,101350,101352,101354],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,101347,9357],{"class":64},[50,101349,366],{"class":68},[50,101351,72],{"class":64},[50,101353,500],{"class":68},[50,101355,645],{"class":64},[20,101357,101358],{},"This is helpful when you want to compare one main set against several groups at once.",[44986,101360],{},[36,101362,101364,1467,101366],{"id":101363},"difference-vs-difference_update",[15,101365,100457],{},[15,101367,101368],{},"difference_update()",[20,101370,101371],{},"These two methods are similar, but they work differently.",[222,101373,101374],{"id":2910},[15,101375,100457],{},[158,101377,101378,101381],{},[161,101379,101380],{},"Returns a new set",[161,101382,101383],{},"Does not change the original set",[41,101385,101387],{"className":43,"code":101386,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101388,101389,101413,101429,101433,101451,101455,101465],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,101390,101391,101393,101395,101397,101399,101401,101403,101405,101407,101409,101411],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,101392,2652],{"class":56},[50,101394,61],{"class":60},[50,101396,632],{"class":64},[50,101398,366],{"class":68},[50,101400,72],{"class":64},[50,101402,80],{"class":68},[50,101404,72],{"class":64},[50,101406,500],{"class":68},[50,101408,72],{"class":64},[50,101410,2554],{"class":68},[50,101412,645],{"class":64},[50,101414,101415,101417,101419,101421,101423,101425,101427],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,101416,2680],{"class":56},[50,101418,61],{"class":60},[50,101420,632],{"class":64},[50,101422,69],{"class":68},[50,101424,72],{"class":64},[50,101426,2554],{"class":68},[50,101428,645],{"class":64},[50,101430,101431],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,101432,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,101434,101435,101437,101439,101441,101443,101445,101447,101449],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,101436,89],{"class":56},[50,101438,61],{"class":60},[50,101440,56955],{"class":56},[50,101442,425],{"class":64},[50,101444,2910],{"class":101},[50,101446,98],{"class":64},[50,101448,4839],{"class":101},[50,101450,105],{"class":64},[50,101452,101453],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,101454,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,101456,101457,101459,101461,101463],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,101458,118],{"class":94},[50,101460,98],{"class":64},[50,101462,123],{"class":101},[50,101464,105],{"class":64},[50,101466,101467,101469,101471,101473],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,101468,118],{"class":94},[50,101470,98],{"class":64},[50,101472,421],{"class":101},[50,101474,105],{"class":64},[20,101476,353],{},[41,101478,101480],{"className":43,"code":101479,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,101481,101482,101494],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,101483,101484,101486,101488,101490,101492],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,101485,9357],{"class":64},[50,101487,366],{"class":68},[50,101489,72],{"class":64},[50,101491,80],{"class":68},[50,101493,645],{"class":64},[50,101495,101496,101498,101500,101502,101504,101506,101508,101510,101512],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,101497,9357],{"class":64},[50,101499,366],{"class":68},[50,101501,72],{"class":64},[50,101503,80],{"class":68},[50,101505,72],{"class":64},[50,101507,500],{"class":68},[50,101509,72],{"class":64},[50,101511,2554],{"class":68},[50,101513,645],{"class":64},[222,101515,101517],{"id":101516},"difference_update",[15,101518,101368],{},[158,101520,101521,101524],{},[161,101522,101523],{},"Changes the original set",[161,101525,96361],{},[41,101527,101529],{"className":43,"code":101528,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\na.difference_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,101530,101531,101555,101571,101575,101589,101593],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,101532,101533,101535,101537,101539,101541,101543,101545,101547,101549,101551,101553],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,101534,2652],{"class":56},[50,101536,61],{"class":60},[50,101538,632],{"class":64},[50,101540,366],{"class":68},[50,101542,72],{"class":64},[50,101544,80],{"class":68},[50,101546,72],{"class":64},[50,101548,500],{"class":68},[50,101550,72],{"class":64},[50,101552,2554],{"class":68},[50,101554,645],{"class":64},[50,101556,101557,101559,101561,101563,101565,101567,101569],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,101558,2680],{"class":56},[50,101560,61],{"class":60},[50,101562,632],{"class":64},[50,101564,69],{"class":68},[50,101566,72],{"class":64},[50,101568,2554],{"class":68},[50,101570,645],{"class":64},[50,101572,101573],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,101574,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,101576,101577,101579,101581,101583,101585,101587],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,101578,421],{"class":56},[50,101580,425],{"class":64},[50,101582,101516],{"class":101},[50,101584,98],{"class":64},[50,101586,4839],{"class":101},[50,101588,105],{"class":64},[50,101590,101591],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,101592,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,101594,101595,101597,101599,101601],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,101596,118],{"class":94},[50,101598,98],{"class":64},[50,101600,421],{"class":101},[50,101602,105],{"class":64},[20,101604,353],{},[41,101606,101607],{"className":43,"code":100550,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,101608,101609],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,101610,101611,101613,101615,101617,101619],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,101612,9357],{"class":64},[50,101614,366],{"class":68},[50,101616,72],{"class":64},[50,101618,80],{"class":68},[50,101620,645],{"class":64},[20,101622,920,101623,101625],{},[15,101624,100457],{}," when you want to keep the original data.",[20,101627,101628,101629,33671],{},"For more on the in-place version, see Python set ",[15,101630,101368],{},[44986,101632],{},[36,101634,101636,101638,101639,101641],{"id":101635},"difference-vs-the-operator",[15,101637,100457],{}," vs the ",[15,101640,2124],{}," operator",[20,101643,1185,101644,101646,101647,101649],{},[15,101645,2124],{}," operator does the same kind of comparison as ",[15,101648,100457],{}," for two sets.",[41,101651,101653],{"className":43,"code":101652,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(a - b)\n",[15,101654,101655,101679,101695,101699,101717],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,101656,101657,101659,101661,101663,101665,101667,101669,101671,101673,101675,101677],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,101658,2652],{"class":56},[50,101660,61],{"class":60},[50,101662,632],{"class":64},[50,101664,366],{"class":68},[50,101666,72],{"class":64},[50,101668,80],{"class":68},[50,101670,72],{"class":64},[50,101672,500],{"class":68},[50,101674,72],{"class":64},[50,101676,2554],{"class":68},[50,101678,645],{"class":64},[50,101680,101681,101683,101685,101687,101689,101691,101693],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,101682,2680],{"class":56},[50,101684,61],{"class":60},[50,101686,632],{"class":64},[50,101688,69],{"class":68},[50,101690,72],{"class":64},[50,101692,2554],{"class":68},[50,101694,645],{"class":64},[50,101696,101697],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,101698,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,101700,101701,101703,101705,101707,101709,101711,101713,101715],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,101702,118],{"class":94},[50,101704,98],{"class":64},[50,101706,421],{"class":101},[50,101708,425],{"class":64},[50,101710,2910],{"class":101},[50,101712,98],{"class":64},[50,101714,4839],{"class":101},[50,101716,478],{"class":64},[50,101718,101719,101721,101723,101725,101727,101729],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,101720,118],{"class":94},[50,101722,98],{"class":64},[50,101724,2652],{"class":101},[50,101726,2124],{"class":60},[50,101728,2657],{"class":101},[50,101730,105],{"class":64},[20,101732,353],{},[41,101734,101736],{"className":43,"code":101735,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,101737,101738,101750],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,101739,101740,101742,101744,101746,101748],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,101741,9357],{"class":64},[50,101743,366],{"class":68},[50,101745,72],{"class":64},[50,101747,80],{"class":68},[50,101749,645],{"class":64},[50,101751,101752,101754,101756,101758,101760],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,101753,9357],{"class":64},[50,101755,366],{"class":68},[50,101757,72],{"class":64},[50,101759,80],{"class":68},[50,101761,645],{"class":64},[20,101763,101764],{},"Both lines give the same result.",[20,101766,94631,101767,1943],{},[15,101768,100457],{},[158,101770,101771,101774,101777],{},[161,101772,101773],{},"It is often clearer for beginners",[161,101775,101776],{},"The method name explains what the code is doing",[161,101778,101779],{},"It easily supports multiple sets",[20,101781,101782],{},"Example with multiple sets:",[41,101784,101786],{"className":43,"code":101785,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2}\nc = {4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b, c))\n",[15,101787,101788,101816,101828,101840,101844],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,101789,101790,101792,101794,101796,101798,101800,101802,101804,101806,101808,101810,101812,101814],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,101791,2652],{"class":56},[50,101793,61],{"class":60},[50,101795,632],{"class":64},[50,101797,366],{"class":68},[50,101799,72],{"class":64},[50,101801,80],{"class":68},[50,101803,72],{"class":64},[50,101805,500],{"class":68},[50,101807,72],{"class":64},[50,101809,2554],{"class":68},[50,101811,72],{"class":64},[50,101813,375],{"class":68},[50,101815,645],{"class":64},[50,101817,101818,101820,101822,101824,101826],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,101819,2680],{"class":56},[50,101821,61],{"class":60},[50,101823,632],{"class":64},[50,101825,1564],{"class":68},[50,101827,645],{"class":64},[50,101829,101830,101832,101834,101836,101838],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,101831,83230],{"class":56},[50,101833,61],{"class":60},[50,101835,632],{"class":64},[50,101837,2602],{"class":68},[50,101839,645],{"class":64},[50,101841,101842],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,101843,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,101845,101846,101848,101850,101852,101854,101856,101858,101860,101862,101864],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,101847,118],{"class":94},[50,101849,98],{"class":64},[50,101851,421],{"class":101},[50,101853,425],{"class":64},[50,101855,2910],{"class":101},[50,101857,98],{"class":64},[50,101859,4839],{"class":101},[50,101861,72],{"class":64},[50,101863,9759],{"class":101},[50,101865,478],{"class":64},[20,101867,353],{},[41,101869,101871],{"className":43,"code":101870,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{1, 3, 5}\n",[15,101872,101873],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,101874,101875,101877,101879,101881,101883,101885,101887],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,101876,9357],{"class":64},[50,101878,366],{"class":68},[50,101880,72],{"class":64},[50,101882,500],{"class":68},[50,101884,72],{"class":64},[50,101886,375],{"class":68},[50,101888,645],{"class":64},[20,101890,101891,101892,101894],{},"You cannot write that in the same simple way with a single ",[15,101893,2124],{}," operator expression.",[44986,101896],{},[36,101898,4598],{"id":4597},[20,101900,21281,101901,425],{},[15,101902,100457],{},[222,101904,101906],{"id":101905},"expecting-the-original-set-to-change","Expecting the original set to change",[20,101908,4706,101909,101911,101912,819],{},[3824,101910,4709],{}," change ",[15,101913,421],{},[41,101915,101917],{"className":43,"code":101916,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101918,101919,101939,101951,101955,101969],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,101920,101921,101923,101925,101927,101929,101931,101933,101935,101937],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,101922,2652],{"class":56},[50,101924,61],{"class":60},[50,101926,632],{"class":64},[50,101928,366],{"class":68},[50,101930,72],{"class":64},[50,101932,80],{"class":68},[50,101934,72],{"class":64},[50,101936,500],{"class":68},[50,101938,645],{"class":64},[50,101940,101941,101943,101945,101947,101949],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,101942,2680],{"class":56},[50,101944,61],{"class":60},[50,101946,632],{"class":64},[50,101948,69],{"class":68},[50,101950,645],{"class":64},[50,101952,101953],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,101954,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,101956,101957,101959,101961,101963,101965,101967],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,101958,421],{"class":56},[50,101960,425],{"class":64},[50,101962,2910],{"class":101},[50,101964,98],{"class":64},[50,101966,4839],{"class":101},[50,101968,105],{"class":64},[50,101970,101971,101973,101975,101977],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,101972,118],{"class":94},[50,101974,98],{"class":64},[50,101976,421],{"class":101},[50,101978,105],{"class":64},[20,101980,353],{},[41,101982,101983],{"className":43,"code":96650,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,101984,101985],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,101986,101987,101989,101991,101993,101995,101997,101999],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,101988,9357],{"class":64},[50,101990,366],{"class":68},[50,101992,72],{"class":64},[50,101994,80],{"class":68},[50,101996,72],{"class":64},[50,101998,500],{"class":68},[50,102000,645],{"class":64},[20,102002,102003],{},"If you want to keep the result, save it:",[41,102005,102007],{"className":43,"code":102006,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na = a.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,102008,102009,102029,102041,102045,102063],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,102010,102011,102013,102015,102017,102019,102021,102023,102025,102027],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,102012,2652],{"class":56},[50,102014,61],{"class":60},[50,102016,632],{"class":64},[50,102018,366],{"class":68},[50,102020,72],{"class":64},[50,102022,80],{"class":68},[50,102024,72],{"class":64},[50,102026,500],{"class":68},[50,102028,645],{"class":64},[50,102030,102031,102033,102035,102037,102039],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,102032,2680],{"class":56},[50,102034,61],{"class":60},[50,102036,632],{"class":64},[50,102038,69],{"class":68},[50,102040,645],{"class":64},[50,102042,102043],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,102044,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,102046,102047,102049,102051,102053,102055,102057,102059,102061],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,102048,2652],{"class":56},[50,102050,61],{"class":60},[50,102052,56955],{"class":56},[50,102054,425],{"class":64},[50,102056,2910],{"class":101},[50,102058,98],{"class":64},[50,102060,4839],{"class":101},[50,102062,105],{"class":64},[50,102064,102065,102067,102069,102071],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,102066,118],{"class":94},[50,102068,98],{"class":64},[50,102070,421],{"class":101},[50,102072,105],{"class":64},[20,102074,353],{},[41,102076,102077],{"className":43,"code":100550,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,102078,102079],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,102080,102081,102083,102085,102087,102089],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,102082,9357],{"class":64},[50,102084,366],{"class":68},[50,102086,72],{"class":64},[50,102088,80],{"class":68},[50,102090,645],{"class":64},[222,102092,102094],{"id":102093},"expecting-items-from-the-second-set-instead-of-the-first-set","Expecting items from the second set instead of the first set",[20,102096,102097,102100],{},[15,102098,102099],{},"a.difference(b)"," means:",[158,102102,102103,102108],{},[161,102104,102105,102106],{},"keep items from ",[15,102107,421],{},[161,102109,102110,102111],{},"remove anything also in ",[15,102112,4839],{},[20,102114,40975,102115,102117,102118,102120],{},[3824,102116,4709],{}," mean “show me what is unique in ",[15,102119,4839],{},"”.",[20,102122,1602],{},[41,102124,102126],{"className":43,"code":102125,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(b.difference(a))\n",[15,102127,102128,102148,102168,102172,102190],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,102129,102130,102132,102134,102136,102138,102140,102142,102144,102146],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,102131,2652],{"class":56},[50,102133,61],{"class":60},[50,102135,632],{"class":64},[50,102137,366],{"class":68},[50,102139,72],{"class":64},[50,102141,80],{"class":68},[50,102143,72],{"class":64},[50,102145,500],{"class":68},[50,102147,645],{"class":64},[50,102149,102150,102152,102154,102156,102158,102160,102162,102164,102166],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,102151,2680],{"class":56},[50,102153,61],{"class":60},[50,102155,632],{"class":64},[50,102157,69],{"class":68},[50,102159,72],{"class":64},[50,102161,2554],{"class":68},[50,102163,72],{"class":64},[50,102165,375],{"class":68},[50,102167,645],{"class":64},[50,102169,102170],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,102171,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,102173,102174,102176,102178,102180,102182,102184,102186,102188],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,102175,118],{"class":94},[50,102177,98],{"class":64},[50,102179,421],{"class":101},[50,102181,425],{"class":64},[50,102183,2910],{"class":101},[50,102185,98],{"class":64},[50,102187,4839],{"class":101},[50,102189,478],{"class":64},[50,102191,102192,102194,102196,102198,102200,102202,102204,102206],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,102193,118],{"class":94},[50,102195,98],{"class":64},[50,102197,4839],{"class":101},[50,102199,425],{"class":64},[50,102201,2910],{"class":101},[50,102203,98],{"class":64},[50,102205,421],{"class":101},[50,102207,478],{"class":64},[20,102209,353],{},[41,102211,102213],{"className":43,"code":102212,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{1, 2}\n{4, 5}\n",[15,102214,102215,102227],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,102216,102217,102219,102221,102223,102225],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,102218,9357],{"class":64},[50,102220,366],{"class":68},[50,102222,72],{"class":64},[50,102224,80],{"class":68},[50,102226,645],{"class":64},[50,102228,102229,102231,102233,102235,102237],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,102230,9357],{"class":64},[50,102232,2602],{"class":68},[50,102234,72],{"class":64},[50,102236,375],{"class":68},[50,102238,645],{"class":64},[20,102240,102241],{},"The order of the sets matters.",[222,102243,102245],{"id":102244},"comparing-lists-instead-of-sets","Comparing lists instead of sets",[20,102247,102248,102250],{},[15,102249,100457],{}," is a set method, not a list method.",[20,102252,55387],{},[41,102254,102256],{"className":43,"code":102255,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\n# a.difference(b)\n",[15,102257,102258,102278,102294,102298],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,102259,102260,102262,102264,102266,102268,102270,102272,102274,102276],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,102261,2652],{"class":56},[50,102263,61],{"class":60},[50,102265,65],{"class":64},[50,102267,366],{"class":68},[50,102269,72],{"class":64},[50,102271,80],{"class":68},[50,102273,72],{"class":64},[50,102275,500],{"class":68},[50,102277,83],{"class":64},[50,102279,102280,102282,102284,102286,102288,102290,102292],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,102281,2680],{"class":56},[50,102283,61],{"class":60},[50,102285,65],{"class":64},[50,102287,69],{"class":68},[50,102289,72],{"class":64},[50,102291,2554],{"class":68},[50,102293,83],{"class":64},[50,102295,102296],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,102297,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,102299,102300],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,102301,102302],{"class":129},"# a.difference(b)\n",[20,102304,102305],{},"Convert lists to sets first:",[41,102307,102309],{"className":43,"code":102308,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\nresult = set(a).difference(set(b))\nprint(result)\n",[15,102310,102311,102331,102347,102351,102377],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,102312,102313,102315,102317,102319,102321,102323,102325,102327,102329],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,102314,2652],{"class":56},[50,102316,61],{"class":60},[50,102318,65],{"class":64},[50,102320,366],{"class":68},[50,102322,72],{"class":64},[50,102324,80],{"class":68},[50,102326,72],{"class":64},[50,102328,500],{"class":68},[50,102330,83],{"class":64},[50,102332,102333,102335,102337,102339,102341,102343,102345],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,102334,2680],{"class":56},[50,102336,61],{"class":60},[50,102338,65],{"class":64},[50,102340,69],{"class":68},[50,102342,72],{"class":64},[50,102344,2554],{"class":68},[50,102346,83],{"class":64},[50,102348,102349],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,102350,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,102352,102353,102355,102357,102359,102361,102363,102365,102367,102369,102371,102373,102375],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,102354,89],{"class":56},[50,102356,61],{"class":60},[50,102358,15705],{"class":557},[50,102360,98],{"class":64},[50,102362,421],{"class":101},[50,102364,8711],{"class":64},[50,102366,2910],{"class":101},[50,102368,98],{"class":64},[50,102370,617],{"class":557},[50,102372,98],{"class":64},[50,102374,4839],{"class":101},[50,102376,478],{"class":64},[50,102378,102379,102381,102383,102385],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,102380,118],{"class":94},[50,102382,98],{"class":64},[50,102384,123],{"class":101},[50,102386,105],{"class":64},[20,102388,353],{},[41,102390,102391],{"className":43,"code":100550,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,102392,102393],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,102394,102395,102397,102399,102401,102403],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,102396,9357],{"class":64},[50,102398,366],{"class":68},[50,102400,72],{"class":64},[50,102402,80],{"class":68},[50,102404,645],{"class":64},[222,102406,102408],{"id":102407},"thinking-the-output-order-will-match-the-input-order","Thinking the output order will match the input order",[20,102410,102411],{},"Sets are unordered, so printed output may appear in a different order.",[41,102413,102415],{"className":43,"code":102414,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\"}\nb = {\"dog\"}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,102416,102417,102449,102465,102469],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,102418,102419,102421,102423,102425,102427,102429,102431,102433,102435,102437,102439,102441,102443,102445,102447],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,102420,2652],{"class":56},[50,102422,61],{"class":60},[50,102424,632],{"class":64},[50,102426,811],{"class":604},[50,102428,37116],{"class":608},[50,102430,811],{"class":604},[50,102432,72],{"class":64},[50,102434,700],{"class":604},[50,102436,58194],{"class":608},[50,102438,811],{"class":604},[50,102440,72],{"class":64},[50,102442,700],{"class":604},[50,102444,58211],{"class":608},[50,102446,811],{"class":604},[50,102448,645],{"class":64},[50,102450,102451,102453,102455,102457,102459,102461,102463],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,102452,2680],{"class":56},[50,102454,61],{"class":60},[50,102456,632],{"class":64},[50,102458,811],{"class":604},[50,102460,58194],{"class":608},[50,102462,811],{"class":604},[50,102464,645],{"class":64},[50,102466,102467],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,102468,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,102470,102471,102473,102475,102477,102479,102481,102483,102485],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,102472,118],{"class":94},[50,102474,98],{"class":64},[50,102476,421],{"class":101},[50,102478,425],{"class":64},[50,102480,2910],{"class":101},[50,102482,98],{"class":64},[50,102484,4839],{"class":101},[50,102486,478],{"class":64},[20,102488,102489],{},"You should focus on which values are present, not their position.",[222,102491,102493],{"id":102492},"trying-to-use-duplicate-values-in-a-set-example","Trying to use duplicate values in a set example",[20,102495,102496],{},"Sets automatically remove duplicates.",[41,102498,102500],{"className":43,"code":102499,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,102501,102502,102530,102542,102546,102556],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,102503,102504,102506,102508,102510,102512,102514,102516,102518,102520,102522,102524,102526,102528],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,102505,2652],{"class":56},[50,102507,61],{"class":60},[50,102509,632],{"class":64},[50,102511,366],{"class":68},[50,102513,72],{"class":64},[50,102515,75],{"class":68},[50,102517,72],{"class":64},[50,102519,80],{"class":68},[50,102521,72],{"class":64},[50,102523,80],{"class":68},[50,102525,72],{"class":64},[50,102527,500],{"class":68},[50,102529,645],{"class":64},[50,102531,102532,102534,102536,102538,102540],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,102533,2680],{"class":56},[50,102535,61],{"class":60},[50,102537,632],{"class":64},[50,102539,69],{"class":68},[50,102541,645],{"class":64},[50,102543,102544],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,102545,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,102547,102548,102550,102552,102554],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,102549,118],{"class":94},[50,102551,98],{"class":64},[50,102553,421],{"class":101},[50,102555,105],{"class":64},[50,102557,102558,102560,102562,102564,102566,102568,102570,102572],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,102559,118],{"class":94},[50,102561,98],{"class":64},[50,102563,421],{"class":101},[50,102565,425],{"class":64},[50,102567,2910],{"class":101},[50,102569,98],{"class":64},[50,102571,4839],{"class":101},[50,102573,478],{"class":64},[20,102575,353],{},[41,102577,102579],{"className":43,"code":102578,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{1, 2, 3}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,102580,102581,102597],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,102582,102583,102585,102587,102589,102591,102593,102595],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,102584,9357],{"class":64},[50,102586,366],{"class":68},[50,102588,72],{"class":64},[50,102590,80],{"class":68},[50,102592,72],{"class":64},[50,102594,500],{"class":68},[50,102596,645],{"class":64},[50,102598,102599,102601,102603,102605,102607],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,102600,9357],{"class":64},[50,102602,366],{"class":68},[50,102604,72],{"class":64},[50,102606,80],{"class":68},[50,102608,645],{"class":64},[20,102610,102611,102612,102614],{},"The duplicates are already gone before ",[15,102613,100457],{}," runs.",[222,102616,102618],{"id":102617},"quick-debugging-checks","Quick debugging checks",[20,102620,102621],{},"If your result is not what you expect, print the values you are working with:",[41,102623,102625],{"className":43,"code":102624,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(type(a.difference(b)))\nprint(len(a.difference(b)))\n",[15,102626,102627,102651,102671,102675,102685,102695,102713,102735],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,102628,102629,102631,102633,102635,102637,102639,102641,102643,102645,102647,102649],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,102630,2652],{"class":56},[50,102632,61],{"class":60},[50,102634,632],{"class":64},[50,102636,366],{"class":68},[50,102638,72],{"class":64},[50,102640,80],{"class":68},[50,102642,72],{"class":64},[50,102644,500],{"class":68},[50,102646,72],{"class":64},[50,102648,2554],{"class":68},[50,102650,645],{"class":64},[50,102652,102653,102655,102657,102659,102661,102663,102665,102667,102669],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,102654,2680],{"class":56},[50,102656,61],{"class":60},[50,102658,632],{"class":64},[50,102660,69],{"class":68},[50,102662,72],{"class":64},[50,102664,2554],{"class":68},[50,102666,72],{"class":64},[50,102668,375],{"class":68},[50,102670,645],{"class":64},[50,102672,102673],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,102674,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,102676,102677,102679,102681,102683],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,102678,118],{"class":94},[50,102680,98],{"class":64},[50,102682,421],{"class":101},[50,102684,105],{"class":64},[50,102686,102687,102689,102691,102693],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,102688,118],{"class":94},[50,102690,98],{"class":64},[50,102692,4839],{"class":101},[50,102694,105],{"class":64},[50,102696,102697,102699,102701,102703,102705,102707,102709,102711],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,102698,118],{"class":94},[50,102700,98],{"class":64},[50,102702,421],{"class":101},[50,102704,425],{"class":64},[50,102706,2910],{"class":101},[50,102708,98],{"class":64},[50,102710,4839],{"class":101},[50,102712,478],{"class":64},[50,102714,102715,102717,102719,102721,102723,102725,102727,102729,102731,102733],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,102716,118],{"class":94},[50,102718,98],{"class":64},[50,102720,558],{"class":557},[50,102722,98],{"class":64},[50,102724,421],{"class":101},[50,102726,425],{"class":64},[50,102728,2910],{"class":101},[50,102730,98],{"class":64},[50,102732,4839],{"class":101},[50,102734,569],{"class":64},[50,102736,102737,102739,102741,102743,102745,102747,102749,102751,102753,102755],{"class":52,"line":6503},[50,102738,118],{"class":94},[50,102740,98],{"class":64},[50,102742,1267],{"class":94},[50,102744,98],{"class":64},[50,102746,421],{"class":101},[50,102748,425],{"class":64},[50,102750,2910],{"class":101},[50,102752,98],{"class":64},[50,102754,4839],{"class":101},[50,102756,569],{"class":64},[20,102758,11245],{},[158,102760,102761,102764,102767,102770],{},[161,102762,102763],{},"what is in each set",[161,102765,102766],{},"what result Python creates",[161,102768,102769],{},"that the result is a set",[161,102771,102772],{},"how many items remain",[44986,102774],{},[36,102776,1913],{"id":1912},[222,102778,1917,102780,102782],{"id":102779},"does-difference-change-the-original-set",[15,102781,100457],{}," change the original set?",[20,102784,102785],{},"No. It returns a new set and leaves the original set unchanged.",[222,102787,5258,102789,4472,102791,1943],{"id":102788},"what-is-the-difference-between-difference-and-difference_update",[15,102790,100457],{},[15,102792,101368],{},[20,102794,102795,102797,102798,102800],{},[15,102796,100457],{}," returns a new set. ",[15,102799,101368],{}," modifies the original set.",[222,102802,28398,102804,102806],{"id":102803},"can-i-use-difference-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,102805,100457],{}," with more than two sets?",[20,102808,102809],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets, and Python removes items found in any of them.",[222,102811,102813],{"id":102812},"why-is-my-output-in-a-different-order","Why is my output in a different order?",[20,102815,102816],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so item order is not guaranteed.",[44986,102818],{},[36,102820,1975],{"id":1974},[158,102822,102823,102827,102835],{},[161,102824,102825],{},[421,102826,96371],{"href":97542},[161,102828,102829],{},[421,102830,96857,102832,10816],{"href":102831},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method\u002F",[15,102833,102834],{},"intersection()",[161,102836,102837],{},[421,102838,96857,102840,10816],{"href":102839},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method\u002F",[15,102841,102842],{},"union()",[2018,102844,102845],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":102847},[102848,102849,102851,102852,102853,102854,102856,102861,102863,102871,102880],{"id":38,"depth":86,"text":39},{"id":100579,"depth":86,"text":102850},"What difference() does",{"id":180,"depth":86,"text":181},{"id":17487,"depth":86,"text":17488},{"id":270,"depth":86,"text":271},{"id":101198,"depth":86,"text":102855},"Using difference() with multiple sets",{"id":101363,"depth":86,"text":102857,"children":102858},"difference() vs difference_update()",[102859,102860],{"id":2910,"depth":108,"text":100457},{"id":101516,"depth":108,"text":101368},{"id":101635,"depth":86,"text":102862},"difference() vs the - operator",{"id":4597,"depth":86,"text":4598,"children":102864},[102865,102866,102867,102868,102869,102870],{"id":101905,"depth":108,"text":101906},{"id":102093,"depth":108,"text":102094},{"id":102244,"depth":108,"text":102245},{"id":102407,"depth":108,"text":102408},{"id":102492,"depth":108,"text":102493},{"id":102617,"depth":108,"text":102618},{"id":1912,"depth":86,"text":1913,"children":102872},[102873,102875,102877,102879],{"id":102779,"depth":108,"text":102874},"Does difference() change the original set?",{"id":102788,"depth":108,"text":102876},"What is the difference between difference() and difference_update()?",{"id":102803,"depth":108,"text":102878},"Can I use difference() with more than two sets?",{"id":102812,"depth":108,"text":102813},{"id":1974,"depth":86,"text":1975},"Master python set difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method",{"title":100449,"description":102881},"reference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method","bZVw-xPJFGLOKBsNwpxWWnc63jZlXAESku0dp0AiTQs",{"id":102888,"title":102889,"body":102890,"description":104585,"extension":2064,"meta":104586,"navigation":111,"path":104587,"seo":104588,"stem":104589,"__hash__":104590},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method.md","Python Set discard() Method",{"type":7,"value":102891,"toc":104547},[102892,102898,102904,102917,102919,103020,103022,103067,103072,103077,103081,103095,103098,103106,103108,103127,103145,103149,103202,103204,103225,103232,103237,103264,103271,103370,103372,103409,103417,103421,103427,103430,103503,103505,103513,103518,103587,103589,103614,103616,103619,103722,103724,103785,103788,103792,103798,103871,103873,103906,103909,103912,103952,103958,103981,103986,103990,104001,104004,104006,104010,104016,104018,104075,104085,104087,104140,104147,104152,104220,104228,104234,104238,104240,104279,104284,104333,104337,104340,104342,104381,104384,104386,104391,104448,104450,104464,104466,104470,104476,104481,104486,104493,104504,104510,104515,104517,104544],[10,102893,96243,102895,11397],{"id":102894},"python-set-discard-method",[15,102896,102897],{},"discard()",[20,102899,102900,102903],{},[15,102901,102902],{},"set.discard()"," removes one item from a set.",[20,102905,102906,102907,31,102912,14126,102914,102916],{},"Use it when you want to remove a value safely, even if that value might not be in the set. Unlike ",[421,102908,102909],{"href":98252},[15,102910,102911],{},"set.remove()",[15,102913,102897],{},[3824,102915,4709],{}," raise an error for a missing item.",[36,102918,2105],{"id":2104},[41,102920,102922],{"className":43,"code":102921,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n\ncolors.discard(\"yellow\")  # no error if missing\nprint(colors)\n",[15,102923,102924,102956,102975,102985,102989,103010],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,102925,102926,102928,102930,102932,102934,102936,102938,102940,102942,102944,102946,102948,102950,102952,102954],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,102927,13149],{"class":56},[50,102929,61],{"class":60},[50,102931,632],{"class":64},[50,102933,811],{"class":604},[50,102935,13166],{"class":608},[50,102937,811],{"class":604},[50,102939,72],{"class":64},[50,102941,700],{"class":604},[50,102943,13183],{"class":608},[50,102945,811],{"class":604},[50,102947,72],{"class":64},[50,102949,700],{"class":604},[50,102951,17525],{"class":608},[50,102953,811],{"class":604},[50,102955,645],{"class":64},[50,102957,102958,102960,102962,102965,102967,102969,102971,102973],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,102959,17572],{"class":56},[50,102961,425],{"class":64},[50,102963,102964],{"class":101},"discard",[50,102966,98],{"class":64},[50,102968,811],{"class":604},[50,102970,13183],{"class":608},[50,102972,811],{"class":604},[50,102974,105],{"class":64},[50,102976,102977,102979,102981,102983],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,102978,118],{"class":94},[50,102980,98],{"class":64},[50,102982,17572],{"class":101},[50,102984,105],{"class":64},[50,102986,102987],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,102988,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,102990,102991,102993,102995,102997,102999,103001,103003,103005,103007],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,102992,17572],{"class":56},[50,102994,425],{"class":64},[50,102996,102964],{"class":101},[50,102998,98],{"class":64},[50,103000,811],{"class":604},[50,103002,22593],{"class":608},[50,103004,811],{"class":604},[50,103006,126],{"class":64},[50,103008,103009],{"class":129},"  # no error if missing\n",[50,103011,103012,103014,103016,103018],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,103013,118],{"class":94},[50,103015,98],{"class":64},[50,103017,17572],{"class":101},[50,103019,105],{"class":64},[20,103021,30098],{},[41,103023,103025],{"className":43,"code":103024,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'red', 'green'}\n{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,103026,103027,103047],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,103028,103029,103031,103033,103035,103037,103039,103041,103043,103045],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,103030,9357],{"class":64},[50,103032,611],{"class":604},[50,103034,13166],{"class":608},[50,103036,611],{"class":604},[50,103038,72],{"class":64},[50,103040,605],{"class":604},[50,103042,17525],{"class":608},[50,103044,611],{"class":604},[50,103046,645],{"class":64},[50,103048,103049,103051,103053,103055,103057,103059,103061,103063,103065],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,103050,9357],{"class":64},[50,103052,611],{"class":604},[50,103054,13166],{"class":608},[50,103056,611],{"class":604},[50,103058,72],{"class":64},[50,103060,605],{"class":604},[50,103062,17525],{"class":608},[50,103064,611],{"class":604},[50,103066,645],{"class":64},[20,103068,920,103069,103071],{},[15,103070,102897],{}," when you want to remove a value from a set safely, even if that value may not exist.",[36,103073,153,103075,156],{"id":103074},"what-setdiscard-does",[15,103076,102902],{},[20,103078,103079,819],{},[15,103080,102897],{},[158,103082,103083,103086,103089,103091],{},[161,103084,103085],{},"Removes one item from a set",[161,103087,103088],{},"Does nothing if the item is not in the set",[161,103090,96358],{},[161,103092,11499,103093],{},[15,103094,208],{},[20,103096,103097],{},"This means the set itself is updated. Python does not create a new set.",[20,103099,96367,103100,2976,103103,425],{},[421,103101,103102],{"href":98834},"what a set is in Python",[421,103104,103105],{"href":97926},"how to create a set",[36,103107,181],{"id":180},[41,103109,103111],{"className":43,"code":103110,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_set.discard(value)\n",[15,103112,103113],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,103114,103115,103117,103119,103121,103123,103125],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,103116,15738],{"class":56},[50,103118,425],{"class":64},[50,103120,102964],{"class":101},[50,103122,98],{"class":64},[50,103124,2570],{"class":101},[50,103126,105],{"class":64},[158,103128,103129,103134,103139,103142],{},[161,103130,103131,103133],{},[15,103132,15738],{}," is the set you want to change",[161,103135,103136,103138],{},[15,103137,2570],{}," is the item you want to remove",[161,103140,103141],{},"The set must already exist",[161,103143,103144],{},"The value must be a valid set element type",[222,103146,103148],{"id":103147},"example","Example",[41,103150,103152],{"className":43,"code":103151,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nnumbers.discard(3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,103153,103154,103178,103192],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,103155,103156,103158,103160,103162,103164,103166,103168,103170,103172,103174,103176],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,103157,57],{"class":56},[50,103159,61],{"class":60},[50,103161,632],{"class":64},[50,103163,366],{"class":68},[50,103165,72],{"class":64},[50,103167,80],{"class":68},[50,103169,72],{"class":64},[50,103171,500],{"class":68},[50,103173,72],{"class":64},[50,103175,2554],{"class":68},[50,103177,645],{"class":64},[50,103179,103180,103182,103184,103186,103188,103190],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,103181,102],{"class":56},[50,103183,425],{"class":64},[50,103185,102964],{"class":101},[50,103187,98],{"class":64},[50,103189,69],{"class":68},[50,103191,105],{"class":64},[50,103193,103194,103196,103198,103200],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,103195,118],{"class":94},[50,103197,98],{"class":64},[50,103199,102],{"class":101},[50,103201,105],{"class":64},[20,103203,353],{},[41,103205,103207],{"className":43,"code":103206,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{1, 2, 4}\n",[15,103208,103209],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,103210,103211,103213,103215,103217,103219,103221,103223],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,103212,9357],{"class":64},[50,103214,366],{"class":68},[50,103216,72],{"class":64},[50,103218,80],{"class":68},[50,103220,72],{"class":64},[50,103222,2554],{"class":68},[50,103224,645],{"class":64},[36,103226,103228,103229,103231],{"id":103227},"what-makes-discard-different","What makes ",[15,103230,102897],{}," different",[20,103233,103234,103236],{},[15,103235,102897],{}," is similar to other set methods, but it behaves differently in an important way.",[158,103238,103239,103252,103261],{},[161,103240,103241,103242,31,103246,103248,103249,103251],{},"Unlike ",[421,103243,103244],{"href":98252},[15,103245,55597],{},[15,103247,102897],{}," does not raise ",[15,103250,19757],{}," when the item is missing",[161,103253,103241,103254,31,103258,103260],{},[421,103255,103256],{"href":98257},[15,103257,12836],{},[15,103259,102897],{}," removes a specific item",[161,103262,103263],{},"It is useful when you are not sure whether the item exists",[222,103265,103267,1467,103269],{"id":103266},"discard-vs-remove",[15,103268,102897],{},[15,103270,55597],{},[41,103272,103274],{"className":43,"code":103273,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\"}\n\nitems.discard(\"orange\")   # no error\nprint(items)\n\nitems.remove(\"banana\")    # removes existing item\nprint(items)\n",[15,103275,103276,103300,103304,103325,103335,103339,103360],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,103277,103278,103280,103282,103284,103286,103288,103290,103292,103294,103296,103298],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,103279,7859],{"class":56},[50,103281,61],{"class":60},[50,103283,632],{"class":64},[50,103285,811],{"class":604},[50,103287,1049],{"class":608},[50,103289,811],{"class":604},[50,103291,72],{"class":64},[50,103293,700],{"class":604},[50,103295,1058],{"class":608},[50,103297,811],{"class":604},[50,103299,645],{"class":64},[50,103301,103302],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,103303,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,103305,103306,103308,103310,103312,103314,103316,103318,103320,103322],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,103307,7888],{"class":56},[50,103309,425],{"class":64},[50,103311,102964],{"class":101},[50,103313,98],{"class":64},[50,103315,811],{"class":604},[50,103317,33291],{"class":608},[50,103319,811],{"class":604},[50,103321,126],{"class":64},[50,103323,103324],{"class":129},"   # no error\n",[50,103326,103327,103329,103331,103333],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,103328,118],{"class":94},[50,103330,98],{"class":64},[50,103332,7888],{"class":101},[50,103334,105],{"class":64},[50,103336,103337],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,103338,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,103340,103341,103343,103345,103347,103349,103351,103353,103355,103357],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,103342,7888],{"class":56},[50,103344,425],{"class":64},[50,103346,34864],{"class":101},[50,103348,98],{"class":64},[50,103350,811],{"class":604},[50,103352,1058],{"class":608},[50,103354,811],{"class":604},[50,103356,126],{"class":64},[50,103358,103359],{"class":129},"    # removes existing item\n",[50,103361,103362,103364,103366,103368],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,103363,118],{"class":94},[50,103365,98],{"class":64},[50,103367,7888],{"class":101},[50,103369,105],{"class":64},[20,103371,353],{},[41,103373,103375],{"className":43,"code":103374,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'apple', 'banana'}\n{'apple'}\n",[15,103376,103377,103397],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,103378,103379,103381,103383,103385,103387,103389,103391,103393,103395],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,103380,9357],{"class":64},[50,103382,611],{"class":604},[50,103384,1049],{"class":608},[50,103386,611],{"class":604},[50,103388,72],{"class":64},[50,103390,605],{"class":604},[50,103392,1058],{"class":608},[50,103394,611],{"class":604},[50,103396,645],{"class":64},[50,103398,103399,103401,103403,103405,103407],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,103400,9357],{"class":64},[50,103402,611],{"class":604},[50,103404,1049],{"class":608},[50,103406,611],{"class":604},[50,103408,645],{"class":64},[20,103410,40412,103411,103413,103414,103416],{},[15,103412,55597],{}," with a missing value, Python raises an error. See ",[421,103415,11151],{"href":11150}," for more help with that case.",[36,103418,103420],{"id":103419},"what-the-method-returns","What the method returns",[20,103422,103423,2494,103425,425],{},[15,103424,102897],{},[15,103426,208],{},[20,103428,103429],{},"That means you should not write code like this:",[41,103431,103433],{"className":43,"code":103432,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nresult = colors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,103434,103435,103467,103489,103493],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,103436,103437,103439,103441,103443,103445,103447,103449,103451,103453,103455,103457,103459,103461,103463,103465],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,103438,13149],{"class":56},[50,103440,61],{"class":60},[50,103442,632],{"class":64},[50,103444,811],{"class":604},[50,103446,13166],{"class":608},[50,103448,811],{"class":604},[50,103450,72],{"class":64},[50,103452,700],{"class":604},[50,103454,13183],{"class":608},[50,103456,811],{"class":604},[50,103458,72],{"class":64},[50,103460,700],{"class":604},[50,103462,17525],{"class":608},[50,103464,811],{"class":604},[50,103466,645],{"class":64},[50,103468,103469,103471,103473,103475,103477,103479,103481,103483,103485,103487],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,103470,89],{"class":56},[50,103472,61],{"class":60},[50,103474,13197],{"class":56},[50,103476,425],{"class":64},[50,103478,102964],{"class":101},[50,103480,98],{"class":64},[50,103482,811],{"class":604},[50,103484,13183],{"class":608},[50,103486,811],{"class":604},[50,103488,105],{"class":64},[50,103490,103491],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,103492,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,103494,103495,103497,103499,103501],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,103496,118],{"class":94},[50,103498,98],{"class":64},[50,103500,123],{"class":101},[50,103502,105],{"class":64},[20,103504,353],{},[41,103506,103507],{"className":43,"code":11882,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,103508,103509],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,103510,103511],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,103512,11882],{"class":207},[20,103514,103515,103516,819],{},"The changed set is still stored in ",[15,103517,17572],{},[41,103519,103521],{"className":43,"code":103520,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,103522,103523,103555,103573,103577],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,103524,103525,103527,103529,103531,103533,103535,103537,103539,103541,103543,103545,103547,103549,103551,103553],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,103526,13149],{"class":56},[50,103528,61],{"class":60},[50,103530,632],{"class":64},[50,103532,811],{"class":604},[50,103534,13166],{"class":608},[50,103536,811],{"class":604},[50,103538,72],{"class":64},[50,103540,700],{"class":604},[50,103542,13183],{"class":608},[50,103544,811],{"class":604},[50,103546,72],{"class":64},[50,103548,700],{"class":604},[50,103550,17525],{"class":608},[50,103552,811],{"class":604},[50,103554,645],{"class":64},[50,103556,103557,103559,103561,103563,103565,103567,103569,103571],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,103558,17572],{"class":56},[50,103560,425],{"class":64},[50,103562,102964],{"class":101},[50,103564,98],{"class":64},[50,103566,811],{"class":604},[50,103568,13183],{"class":608},[50,103570,811],{"class":604},[50,103572,105],{"class":64},[50,103574,103575],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,103576,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,103578,103579,103581,103583,103585],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,103580,118],{"class":94},[50,103582,98],{"class":64},[50,103584,17572],{"class":101},[50,103586,105],{"class":64},[20,103588,353],{},[41,103590,103592],{"className":43,"code":103591,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,103593,103594],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,103595,103596,103598,103600,103602,103604,103606,103608,103610,103612],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,103597,9357],{"class":64},[50,103599,611],{"class":604},[50,103601,13166],{"class":608},[50,103603,611],{"class":604},[50,103605,72],{"class":64},[50,103607,605],{"class":604},[50,103609,17525],{"class":608},[50,103611,611],{"class":604},[50,103613,645],{"class":64},[36,103615,271],{"id":270},[20,103617,103618],{},"Here is a basic example that removes an existing item.",[41,103620,103622],{"className":43,"code":103621,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", fruits)\n\nfruits.discard(\"banana\")\n\nprint(\"After:\", fruits)\n",[15,103623,103624,103656,103660,103678,103682,103700,103704],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,103625,103626,103628,103630,103632,103634,103636,103638,103640,103642,103644,103646,103648,103650,103652,103654],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,103627,36307],{"class":56},[50,103629,61],{"class":60},[50,103631,632],{"class":64},[50,103633,811],{"class":604},[50,103635,1049],{"class":608},[50,103637,811],{"class":604},[50,103639,72],{"class":64},[50,103641,700],{"class":604},[50,103643,1058],{"class":608},[50,103645,811],{"class":604},[50,103647,72],{"class":64},[50,103649,700],{"class":604},[50,103651,33291],{"class":608},[50,103653,811],{"class":604},[50,103655,645],{"class":64},[50,103657,103658],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,103659,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,103661,103662,103664,103666,103668,103670,103672,103674,103676],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,103663,118],{"class":94},[50,103665,98],{"class":64},[50,103667,811],{"class":604},[50,103669,11638],{"class":608},[50,103671,811],{"class":604},[50,103673,72],{"class":64},[50,103675,52920],{"class":101},[50,103677,105],{"class":64},[50,103679,103680],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,103681,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,103683,103684,103686,103688,103690,103692,103694,103696,103698],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,103685,36359],{"class":56},[50,103687,425],{"class":64},[50,103689,102964],{"class":101},[50,103691,98],{"class":64},[50,103693,811],{"class":604},[50,103695,1058],{"class":608},[50,103697,811],{"class":604},[50,103699,105],{"class":64},[50,103701,103702],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,103703,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,103705,103706,103708,103710,103712,103714,103716,103718,103720],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,103707,118],{"class":94},[50,103709,98],{"class":64},[50,103711,811],{"class":604},[50,103713,11678],{"class":608},[50,103715,811],{"class":604},[50,103717,72],{"class":64},[50,103719,52920],{"class":101},[50,103721,105],{"class":64},[20,103723,353],{},[41,103725,103727],{"className":43,"code":103726,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Before: {'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\nAfter: {'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,103728,103729,103761],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,103730,103731,103733,103735,103737,103739,103741,103743,103745,103747,103749,103751,103753,103755,103757,103759],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,103732,11698],{"class":56},[50,103734,819],{"class":64},[50,103736,632],{"class":64},[50,103738,611],{"class":604},[50,103740,1058],{"class":608},[50,103742,611],{"class":604},[50,103744,72],{"class":64},[50,103746,605],{"class":604},[50,103748,1049],{"class":608},[50,103750,611],{"class":604},[50,103752,72],{"class":64},[50,103754,605],{"class":604},[50,103756,33291],{"class":608},[50,103758,611],{"class":604},[50,103760,645],{"class":64},[50,103762,103763,103765,103767,103769,103771,103773,103775,103777,103779,103781,103783],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,103764,11751],{"class":56},[50,103766,819],{"class":64},[50,103768,632],{"class":64},[50,103770,611],{"class":604},[50,103772,1049],{"class":608},[50,103774,611],{"class":604},[50,103776,72],{"class":64},[50,103778,605],{"class":604},[50,103780,33291],{"class":608},[50,103782,611],{"class":604},[50,103784,645],{"class":64},[20,103786,103787],{},"The order of items in a set may look different on your computer because sets are unordered.",[36,103789,103791],{"id":103790},"example-with-a-missing-item","Example with a missing item",[20,103793,103794,103795,103797],{},"One of the most useful features of ",[15,103796,102897],{}," is that it does not fail if the item is missing.",[41,103799,103801],{"className":43,"code":103800,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.discard(\"grape\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,103802,103803,103835,103839,103857,103861],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,103804,103805,103807,103809,103811,103813,103815,103817,103819,103821,103823,103825,103827,103829,103831,103833],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,103806,36307],{"class":56},[50,103808,61],{"class":60},[50,103810,632],{"class":64},[50,103812,811],{"class":604},[50,103814,1049],{"class":608},[50,103816,811],{"class":604},[50,103818,72],{"class":64},[50,103820,700],{"class":604},[50,103822,1058],{"class":608},[50,103824,811],{"class":604},[50,103826,72],{"class":64},[50,103828,700],{"class":604},[50,103830,33291],{"class":608},[50,103832,811],{"class":604},[50,103834,645],{"class":64},[50,103836,103837],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,103838,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,103840,103841,103843,103845,103847,103849,103851,103853,103855],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,103842,36359],{"class":56},[50,103844,425],{"class":64},[50,103846,102964],{"class":101},[50,103848,98],{"class":64},[50,103850,811],{"class":604},[50,103852,22602],{"class":608},[50,103854,811],{"class":604},[50,103856,105],{"class":64},[50,103858,103859],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,103860,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,103862,103863,103865,103867,103869],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,103864,118],{"class":94},[50,103866,98],{"class":64},[50,103868,36359],{"class":101},[50,103870,105],{"class":64},[20,103872,353],{},[41,103874,103876],{"className":43,"code":103875,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,103877,103878],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,103879,103880,103882,103884,103886,103888,103890,103892,103894,103896,103898,103900,103902,103904],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,103881,9357],{"class":64},[50,103883,611],{"class":604},[50,103885,1058],{"class":608},[50,103887,611],{"class":604},[50,103889,72],{"class":64},[50,103891,605],{"class":604},[50,103893,1049],{"class":608},[50,103895,611],{"class":604},[50,103897,72],{"class":64},[50,103899,605],{"class":604},[50,103901,33291],{"class":608},[50,103903,611],{"class":604},[50,103905,645],{"class":64},[20,103907,103908],{},"No error happens here.",[20,103910,103911],{},"This is helpful in beginner code because you do not need to check first:",[41,103913,103915],{"className":43,"code":103914,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"if \"grape\" in fruits:\n    fruits.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,103916,103917,103933],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,103918,103919,103921,103923,103925,103927,103929,103931],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,103920,7076],{"class":3957},[50,103922,700],{"class":604},[50,103924,22602],{"class":608},[50,103926,811],{"class":604},[50,103928,21243],{"class":60},[50,103930,52920],{"class":56},[50,103932,6470],{"class":64},[50,103934,103935,103938,103940,103942,103944,103946,103948,103950],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,103936,103937],{"class":56},"    fruits",[50,103939,425],{"class":64},[50,103941,34864],{"class":101},[50,103943,98],{"class":64},[50,103945,811],{"class":604},[50,103947,22602],{"class":608},[50,103949,811],{"class":604},[50,103951,105],{"class":64},[20,103953,103954,103955,103957],{},"With ",[15,103956,102897],{},", you can simply write:",[41,103959,103961],{"className":43,"code":103960,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"fruits.discard(\"grape\")\n",[15,103962,103963],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,103964,103965,103967,103969,103971,103973,103975,103977,103979],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,103966,36359],{"class":56},[50,103968,425],{"class":64},[50,103970,102964],{"class":101},[50,103972,98],{"class":64},[50,103974,811],{"class":604},[50,103976,22602],{"class":608},[50,103978,811],{"class":604},[50,103980,105],{"class":64},[36,103982,5040,103984],{"id":103983},"when-to-use-discard",[15,103985,102897],{},[20,103987,920,103988,1504],{},[15,103989,102897],{},[158,103991,103992,103995,103998],{},[161,103993,103994],{},"Missing values are normal",[161,103996,103997],{},"You want simple, safe removal",[161,103999,104000],{},"You do not want to write an existence check first",[20,104002,104003],{},"It is a good choice when your program does not care whether the value was already missing.",[36,104005,1743],{"id":1742},[20,104007,8526,104008,425],{},[15,104009,102897],{},[222,104011,8532,104013,104015],{"id":104012},"expecting-discard-to-return-the-changed-set",[15,104014,102897],{}," to return the changed set",[20,104017,4605],{},[41,104019,104021],{"className":43,"code":104020,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,104022,104023,104043,104061,104065],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,104024,104025,104027,104029,104031,104033,104035,104037,104039,104041],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,104026,57],{"class":56},[50,104028,61],{"class":60},[50,104030,632],{"class":64},[50,104032,366],{"class":68},[50,104034,72],{"class":64},[50,104036,80],{"class":68},[50,104038,72],{"class":64},[50,104040,500],{"class":68},[50,104042,645],{"class":64},[50,104044,104045,104047,104049,104051,104053,104055,104057,104059],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,104046,57],{"class":56},[50,104048,61],{"class":60},[50,104050,4341],{"class":56},[50,104052,425],{"class":64},[50,104054,102964],{"class":101},[50,104056,98],{"class":64},[50,104058,1564],{"class":68},[50,104060,105],{"class":64},[50,104062,104063],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,104064,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,104066,104067,104069,104071,104073],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,104068,118],{"class":94},[50,104070,98],{"class":64},[50,104072,102],{"class":101},[50,104074,105],{"class":64},[20,104076,104077,42225,104079,8681,104081,2494,104083,425],{},[15,104078,102],{},[15,104080,208],{},[15,104082,102897],{},[15,104084,208],{},[20,104086,18910],{},[41,104088,104090],{"className":43,"code":104089,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,104091,104092,104112,104126,104130],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,104093,104094,104096,104098,104100,104102,104104,104106,104108,104110],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,104095,57],{"class":56},[50,104097,61],{"class":60},[50,104099,632],{"class":64},[50,104101,366],{"class":68},[50,104103,72],{"class":64},[50,104105,80],{"class":68},[50,104107,72],{"class":64},[50,104109,500],{"class":68},[50,104111,645],{"class":64},[50,104113,104114,104116,104118,104120,104122,104124],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,104115,102],{"class":56},[50,104117,425],{"class":64},[50,104119,102964],{"class":101},[50,104121,98],{"class":64},[50,104123,1564],{"class":68},[50,104125,105],{"class":64},[50,104127,104128],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,104129,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,104131,104132,104134,104136,104138],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,104133,118],{"class":94},[50,104135,98],{"class":64},[50,104137,102],{"class":101},[50,104139,105],{"class":64},[222,104141,37273,104143,8784,104145],{"id":104142},"confusing-discard-with-remove",[15,104144,102897],{},[15,104146,55597],{},[20,104148,104149,104150,425],{},"If you want to avoid errors for missing values, use ",[15,104151,102897],{},[41,104153,104155],{"className":43,"code":104154,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"z\")   # safe\nprint(letters)\n",[15,104156,104157,104189,104210],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,104158,104159,104161,104163,104165,104167,104169,104171,104173,104175,104177,104179,104181,104183,104185,104187],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,104160,36160],{"class":56},[50,104162,61],{"class":60},[50,104164,632],{"class":64},[50,104166,811],{"class":604},[50,104168,421],{"class":608},[50,104170,811],{"class":604},[50,104172,72],{"class":64},[50,104174,700],{"class":604},[50,104176,4839],{"class":608},[50,104178,811],{"class":604},[50,104180,72],{"class":64},[50,104182,700],{"class":604},[50,104184,9817],{"class":608},[50,104186,811],{"class":604},[50,104188,645],{"class":64},[50,104190,104191,104193,104195,104197,104199,104201,104203,104205,104207],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,104192,36213],{"class":56},[50,104194,425],{"class":64},[50,104196,102964],{"class":101},[50,104198,98],{"class":64},[50,104200,811],{"class":604},[50,104202,22146],{"class":608},[50,104204,811],{"class":604},[50,104206,126],{"class":64},[50,104208,104209],{"class":129},"   # safe\n",[50,104211,104212,104214,104216,104218],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,104213,118],{"class":94},[50,104215,98],{"class":64},[50,104217,36213],{"class":101},[50,104219,105],{"class":64},[20,104221,104222,104223,45978,104226,425],{},"If you use ",[15,104224,104225],{},"remove(\"z\")",[15,104227,19757],{},[222,104229,25685,104231,104233],{"id":104230},"trying-to-use-discard-on-a-list-instead-of-a-set",[15,104232,102897],{}," on a list instead of a set",[20,104235,104236,102250],{},[15,104237,102897],{},[20,104239,16715],{},[41,104241,104243],{"className":43,"code":104242,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.discard(2)\n",[15,104244,104245,104265],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,104246,104247,104249,104251,104253,104255,104257,104259,104261,104263],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,104248,7859],{"class":56},[50,104250,61],{"class":60},[50,104252,65],{"class":64},[50,104254,366],{"class":68},[50,104256,72],{"class":64},[50,104258,80],{"class":68},[50,104260,72],{"class":64},[50,104262,500],{"class":68},[50,104264,83],{"class":64},[50,104266,104267,104269,104271,104273,104275,104277],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,104268,7888],{"class":56},[50,104270,425],{"class":64},[50,104272,102964],{"class":101},[50,104274,98],{"class":64},[50,104276,1564],{"class":68},[50,104278,105],{"class":64},[20,104280,104281,104282,819],{},"Use a set if you need ",[15,104283,102897],{},[41,104285,104287],{"className":43,"code":104286,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.discard(2)\nprint(items)\n",[15,104288,104289,104309,104323],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,104290,104291,104293,104295,104297,104299,104301,104303,104305,104307],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,104292,7859],{"class":56},[50,104294,61],{"class":60},[50,104296,632],{"class":64},[50,104298,366],{"class":68},[50,104300,72],{"class":64},[50,104302,80],{"class":68},[50,104304,72],{"class":64},[50,104306,500],{"class":68},[50,104308,645],{"class":64},[50,104310,104311,104313,104315,104317,104319,104321],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,104312,7888],{"class":56},[50,104314,425],{"class":64},[50,104316,102964],{"class":101},[50,104318,98],{"class":64},[50,104320,1564],{"class":68},[50,104322,105],{"class":64},[50,104324,104325,104327,104329,104331],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,104326,118],{"class":94},[50,104328,98],{"class":64},[50,104330,7888],{"class":101},[50,104332,105],{"class":64},[222,104334,104336],{"id":104335},"passing-an-unhashable-value-such-as-a-list","Passing an unhashable value such as a list",[20,104338,104339],{},"Set items must be hashable. A list is not hashable.",[20,104341,2934],{},[41,104343,104345],{"className":43,"code":104344,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {1, 2, 3}\ndata.discard([2])\n",[15,104346,104347,104367],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,104348,104349,104351,104353,104355,104357,104359,104361,104363,104365],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,104350,9246],{"class":56},[50,104352,61],{"class":60},[50,104354,632],{"class":64},[50,104356,366],{"class":68},[50,104358,72],{"class":64},[50,104360,80],{"class":68},[50,104362,72],{"class":64},[50,104364,500],{"class":68},[50,104366,645],{"class":64},[50,104368,104369,104371,104373,104375,104377,104379],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,104370,9284],{"class":56},[50,104372,425],{"class":64},[50,104374,102964],{"class":101},[50,104376,1792],{"class":64},[50,104378,1564],{"class":68},[50,104380,3970],{"class":64},[20,104382,104383],{},"Use a valid set element type instead, such as a number, string, or tuple.",[36,104385,8952],{"id":8951},[20,104387,8955,104388,104390],{},[15,104389,102897],{}," is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[41,104392,104394],{"className":43,"code":104393,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value in my_set)\nhelp(set.discard)\n",[15,104395,104396,104406,104420,104434],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,104397,104398,104400,104402,104404],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,104399,118],{"class":94},[50,104401,98],{"class":64},[50,104403,15738],{"class":101},[50,104405,105],{"class":64},[50,104407,104408,104410,104412,104414,104416,104418],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,104409,118],{"class":94},[50,104411,98],{"class":64},[50,104413,558],{"class":557},[50,104415,98],{"class":64},[50,104417,15738],{"class":101},[50,104419,478],{"class":64},[50,104421,104422,104424,104426,104428,104430,104432],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,104423,118],{"class":94},[50,104425,98],{"class":64},[50,104427,2544],{"class":101},[50,104429,3964],{"class":3957},[50,104431,96967],{"class":101},[50,104433,105],{"class":64},[50,104435,104436,104438,104440,104442,104444,104446],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,104437,32222],{"class":94},[50,104439,98],{"class":64},[50,104441,617],{"class":557},[50,104443,425],{"class":64},[50,104445,102964],{"class":1400},[50,104447,105],{"class":64},[20,104449,11245],{},[158,104451,104452,104455,104458,104461],{},[161,104453,104454],{},"What is currently in the set",[161,104456,104457],{},"Whether the variable is really a set",[161,104459,104460],{},"Whether the value exists before removal",[161,104462,104463],{},"How Python documents the method",[36,104465,1913],{"id":1912},[222,104467,104469],{"id":104468},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-in-the-set","What happens if the item is not in the set?",[20,104471,104472,104473,104475],{},"Nothing happens. ",[15,104474,102897],{}," does not raise an error when the item is missing.",[222,104477,1927,104479,1930],{"id":104478},"what-does-setdiscard-return",[15,104480,102902],{},[20,104482,5227,104483,104485],{},[15,104484,208],{},". It changes the original set instead of creating a new one.",[222,104487,5258,104489,4472,104491,1943],{"id":104488},"what-is-the-difference-between-discard-and-remove",[15,104490,102897],{},[15,104492,55597],{},[20,104494,104495,104496,26607,104498,104500,104501,104503],{},"Both remove items from a set. ",[15,104497,55597],{},[15,104499,19757],{}," if the item is missing, but ",[15,104502,102897],{}," does not.",[222,104505,28398,104507,104509],{"id":104506},"can-i-use-discard-with-lists-or-dictionaries",[15,104508,102897],{}," with lists or dictionaries?",[20,104511,46435,104512,104514],{},[15,104513,102897],{}," is a set method, so it works on set objects.",[36,104516,1975],{"id":1974},[158,104518,104519,104525,104531,104536,104540],{},[161,104520,104521],{},[421,104522,96857,104523,10816],{"href":98252},[15,104524,55597],{},[161,104526,104527],{},[421,104528,96857,104529,10816],{"href":98257},[15,104530,12836],{},[161,104532,104533],{},[421,104534,104535],{"href":97926},"Python set: creating a set",[161,104537,104538],{},[421,104539,100392],{"href":98834},[161,104541,104542],{},[421,104543,11337],{"href":11150},[2018,104545,104546],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":104548},[104549,104550,104552,104555,104560,104561,104562,104563,104565,104574,104575,104584],{"id":2104,"depth":86,"text":2105},{"id":103074,"depth":86,"text":104551},"What set.discard() does",{"id":180,"depth":86,"text":181,"children":104553},[104554],{"id":103147,"depth":108,"text":103148},{"id":103227,"depth":86,"text":104556,"children":104557},"What makes discard() different",[104558],{"id":103266,"depth":108,"text":104559},"discard() vs remove()",{"id":103419,"depth":86,"text":103420},{"id":270,"depth":86,"text":271},{"id":103790,"depth":86,"text":103791},{"id":103983,"depth":86,"text":104564},"When to use discard()",{"id":1742,"depth":86,"text":1743,"children":104566},[104567,104569,104571,104573],{"id":104012,"depth":108,"text":104568},"Expecting discard() to return the changed set",{"id":104142,"depth":108,"text":104570},"Confusing discard() with remove()",{"id":104230,"depth":108,"text":104572},"Trying to use discard() on a list instead of a set",{"id":104335,"depth":108,"text":104336},{"id":8951,"depth":86,"text":8952},{"id":1912,"depth":86,"text":1913,"children":104576},[104577,104578,104580,104582],{"id":104468,"depth":108,"text":104469},{"id":104478,"depth":108,"text":104579},"What does set.discard() return?",{"id":104488,"depth":108,"text":104581},"What is the difference between discard() and remove()?",{"id":104506,"depth":108,"text":104583},"Can I use discard() with lists or dictionaries?",{"id":1974,"depth":86,"text":1975},"Master python set discard method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method",{"title":102889,"description":104585},"reference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method","-9zfcGzLEa24aaupYhVun2XniU742IAOkMaj9_B4X44",{"id":104592,"title":104593,"body":104594,"description":106600,"extension":2064,"meta":106601,"navigation":111,"path":106602,"seo":106603,"stem":106604,"__hash__":106605},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained.md","Python set() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":104595,"toc":106558},[104596,104599,104607,104612,104623,104625,104680,104684,104704,104709,104713,104718,104720,104734,104736,104811,104813,104846,104851,104856,104858,104860,104875,104878,104886,104891,104906,104908,104997,104999,105088,105094,105098,105100,105138,105140,105164,105167,105182,105184,105239,105241,105274,105276,105281,105285,105289,105294,105359,105361,105381,105387,105391,105448,105450,105471,105475,105480,105525,105527,105560,105563,105567,105600,105602,105631,105635,105639,105642,105644,105663,105665,105711,105716,105730,105732,105763,105768,105771,105815,105817,105845,105849,105853,105869,105872,105937,105939,105951,105954,105958,105961,105966,105994,105996,106014,106020,106059,106061,106079,106085,106114,106116,106134,106137,106154,106156,106161,106165,106168,106194,106201,106206,106221,106230,106234,106237,106268,106274,106277,106286,106289,106291,106293,106351,106354,106379,106381,106385,106388,106392,106400,106404,106407,106411,106414,106416,106439,106441,106482,106489,106497,106500,106531,106533,106555],[10,104597,104593],{"id":104598},"python-set-function-explained",[20,104600,9203,104601,104603,104604,425],{},[15,104602,3878],{}," function creates a set in Python. A set is a collection that stores ",[3824,104605,104606],{},"unique values only",[20,104608,35475,104609,104611],{},[15,104610,3878],{}," to:",[158,104613,104614,104617,104620],{},[161,104615,104616],{},"remove duplicates from a list",[161,104618,104619],{},"check whether a value exists",[161,104621,104622],{},"work with set operations like union and intersection",[36,104624,2105],{"id":2104},[41,104626,104628],{"className":43,"code":104627,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nunique_numbers = set(numbers)\nprint(unique_numbers)\n",[15,104629,104630,104654,104669],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,104631,104632,104634,104636,104638,104640,104642,104644,104646,104648,104650,104652],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,104633,57],{"class":56},[50,104635,61],{"class":60},[50,104637,65],{"class":64},[50,104639,366],{"class":68},[50,104641,72],{"class":64},[50,104643,80],{"class":68},[50,104645,72],{"class":64},[50,104647,80],{"class":68},[50,104649,72],{"class":64},[50,104651,500],{"class":68},[50,104653,83],{"class":64},[50,104655,104656,104659,104661,104663,104665,104667],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,104657,104658],{"class":56},"unique_numbers ",[50,104660,61],{"class":60},[50,104662,15705],{"class":557},[50,104664,98],{"class":64},[50,104666,102],{"class":101},[50,104668,105],{"class":64},[50,104670,104671,104673,104675,104678],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,104672,118],{"class":94},[50,104674,98],{"class":64},[50,104676,104677],{"class":101},"unique_numbers",[50,104679,105],{"class":64},[20,104681,104682],{},[3824,104683,353],{},[41,104685,104686],{"className":43,"code":96650,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,104687,104688],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,104689,104690,104692,104694,104696,104698,104700,104702],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,104691,9357],{"class":64},[50,104693,366],{"class":68},[50,104695,72],{"class":64},[50,104697,80],{"class":68},[50,104699,72],{"class":64},[50,104701,500],{"class":68},[50,104703,645],{"class":64},[20,104705,920,104706,104708],{},[15,104707,3878],{}," to create a set from an iterable. A set keeps only unique values.",[36,104710,104712],{"id":104711},"what-set-does","What set() does",[20,104714,104715,104717],{},[15,104716,3878],{}," creates a new set object.",[20,104719,30609],{},[158,104721,104722,104725,104728,104731],{},[161,104723,104724],{},"A set stores unique items only",[161,104726,104727],{},"Duplicate values are removed automatically",[161,104729,104730],{},"Sets are unordered, so item order is not guaranteed",[161,104732,104733],{},"A very common use is removing duplicates from a list or another iterable",[20,104735,1602],{},[41,104737,104739],{"className":43,"code":104738,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\nunique_colors = set(colors)\n\nprint(unique_colors)\n",[15,104740,104741,104781,104796,104800],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,104742,104743,104745,104747,104749,104751,104753,104755,104757,104759,104761,104763,104765,104767,104769,104771,104773,104775,104777,104779],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,104744,13149],{"class":56},[50,104746,61],{"class":60},[50,104748,65],{"class":64},[50,104750,811],{"class":604},[50,104752,13166],{"class":608},[50,104754,811],{"class":604},[50,104756,72],{"class":64},[50,104758,700],{"class":604},[50,104760,13183],{"class":608},[50,104762,811],{"class":604},[50,104764,72],{"class":64},[50,104766,700],{"class":604},[50,104768,13166],{"class":608},[50,104770,811],{"class":604},[50,104772,72],{"class":64},[50,104774,700],{"class":604},[50,104776,17525],{"class":608},[50,104778,811],{"class":604},[50,104780,83],{"class":64},[50,104782,104783,104786,104788,104790,104792,104794],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,104784,104785],{"class":56},"unique_colors ",[50,104787,61],{"class":60},[50,104789,15705],{"class":557},[50,104791,98],{"class":64},[50,104793,17572],{"class":101},[50,104795,105],{"class":64},[50,104797,104798],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,104799,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,104801,104802,104804,104806,104809],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,104803,118],{"class":94},[50,104805,98],{"class":64},[50,104807,104808],{"class":101},"unique_colors",[50,104810,105],{"class":64},[20,104812,30098],{},[41,104814,104816],{"className":43,"code":104815,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'blue', 'green', 'red'}\n",[15,104817,104818],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,104819,104820,104822,104824,104826,104828,104830,104832,104834,104836,104838,104840,104842,104844],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,104821,9357],{"class":64},[50,104823,611],{"class":604},[50,104825,13183],{"class":608},[50,104827,611],{"class":604},[50,104829,72],{"class":64},[50,104831,605],{"class":604},[50,104833,17525],{"class":608},[50,104835,611],{"class":604},[50,104837,72],{"class":64},[50,104839,605],{"class":604},[50,104841,13166],{"class":608},[50,104843,611],{"class":604},[50,104845,645],{"class":64},[20,104847,2384,104848,104850],{},[15,104849,65453],{}," appears only once.",[20,104852,104853,104854,425],{},"If you want a broader beginner introduction to sets, see ",[421,104855,96371],{"href":96370},[36,104857,181],{"id":180},[20,104859,2259],{},[41,104861,104863],{"className":43,"code":104862,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"set(iterable)\n",[15,104864,104865],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,104866,104867,104869,104871,104873],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,104868,617],{"class":557},[50,104870,98],{"class":64},[50,104872,196],{"class":101},[50,104874,105],{"class":64},[20,104876,104877],{},"The argument is optional.",[158,104879,104880,104883],{},[161,104881,104882],{},"If you pass an iterable, Python creates a set from its items",[161,104884,104885],{},"If you pass nothing, Python creates an empty set",[20,104887,104888,104889,819],{},"Common iterables you can use with ",[15,104890,3878],{},[158,104892,104893,104895,104897,104899,104903],{},[161,104894,437],{},[161,104896,505],{},[161,104898,684],{},[161,104900,104901],{},[15,104902,2016],{},[161,104904,104905],{},"another set",[20,104907,2226],{},[41,104909,104911],{"className":43,"code":104910,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(set([1, 2, 2, 3]))\nprint(set((10, 20, 10)))\nprint(set(\"hello\"))\nprint(set(range(4)))\n",[15,104912,104913,104939,104961,104979],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,104914,104915,104917,104919,104921,104923,104925,104927,104929,104931,104933,104935,104937],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,104916,118],{"class":94},[50,104918,98],{"class":64},[50,104920,617],{"class":557},[50,104922,1792],{"class":64},[50,104924,366],{"class":68},[50,104926,72],{"class":64},[50,104928,80],{"class":68},[50,104930,72],{"class":64},[50,104932,80],{"class":68},[50,104934,72],{"class":64},[50,104936,500],{"class":68},[50,104938,1805],{"class":64},[50,104940,104941,104943,104945,104947,104949,104951,104953,104955,104957,104959],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,104942,118],{"class":94},[50,104944,98],{"class":64},[50,104946,617],{"class":557},[50,104948,1820],{"class":64},[50,104950,1618],{"class":68},[50,104952,72],{"class":64},[50,104954,840],{"class":68},[50,104956,72],{"class":64},[50,104958,6082],{"class":68},[50,104960,569],{"class":64},[50,104962,104963,104965,104967,104969,104971,104973,104975,104977],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,104964,118],{"class":94},[50,104966,98],{"class":64},[50,104968,617],{"class":557},[50,104970,98],{"class":64},[50,104972,811],{"class":604},[50,104974,3926],{"class":608},[50,104976,811],{"class":604},[50,104978,478],{"class":64},[50,104980,104981,104983,104985,104987,104989,104991,104993,104995],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,104982,118],{"class":94},[50,104984,98],{"class":64},[50,104986,617],{"class":557},[50,104988,98],{"class":64},[50,104990,60066],{"class":94},[50,104992,98],{"class":64},[50,104994,2602],{"class":68},[50,104996,569],{"class":64},[20,104998,30098],{},[41,105000,105002],{"className":43,"code":105001,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{1, 2, 3}\n{10, 20}\n{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n{0, 1, 2, 3}\n",[15,105003,105004,105020,105032,105068],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,105005,105006,105008,105010,105012,105014,105016,105018],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,105007,9357],{"class":64},[50,105009,366],{"class":68},[50,105011,72],{"class":64},[50,105013,80],{"class":68},[50,105015,72],{"class":64},[50,105017,500],{"class":68},[50,105019,645],{"class":64},[50,105021,105022,105024,105026,105028,105030],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,105023,9357],{"class":64},[50,105025,1618],{"class":68},[50,105027,72],{"class":64},[50,105029,840],{"class":68},[50,105031,645],{"class":64},[50,105033,105034,105036,105038,105040,105042,105044,105046,105048,105050,105052,105054,105056,105058,105060,105062,105064,105066],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,105035,9357],{"class":64},[50,105037,611],{"class":604},[50,105039,736],{"class":608},[50,105041,611],{"class":604},[50,105043,72],{"class":64},[50,105045,605],{"class":604},[50,105047,60513],{"class":608},[50,105049,611],{"class":604},[50,105051,72],{"class":64},[50,105053,605],{"class":604},[50,105055,60522],{"class":608},[50,105057,611],{"class":604},[50,105059,72],{"class":64},[50,105061,605],{"class":604},[50,105063,754],{"class":608},[50,105065,611],{"class":604},[50,105067,645],{"class":64},[50,105069,105070,105072,105074,105076,105078,105080,105082,105084,105086],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,105071,9357],{"class":64},[50,105073,2220],{"class":68},[50,105075,72],{"class":64},[50,105077,75],{"class":68},[50,105079,72],{"class":64},[50,105081,80],{"class":68},[50,105083,72],{"class":64},[50,105085,500],{"class":68},[50,105087,645],{"class":64},[20,105089,105090,105091,425],{},"If you are comparing built-in constructors, you may also want to read ",[421,105092,105093],{"href":64908},"Python list() function explained",[36,105095,105097],{"id":105096},"creating-an-empty-set-correctly","Creating an empty set correctly",[20,105099,98323],{},[41,105101,105102],{"className":43,"code":99288,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,105103,105104,105114,105124],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,105105,105106,105108,105110,105112],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,105107,98333],{"class":56},[50,105109,61],{"class":60},[50,105111,15705],{"class":557},[50,105113,8722],{"class":64},[50,105115,105116,105118,105120,105122],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,105117,118],{"class":94},[50,105119,98],{"class":64},[50,105121,98352],{"class":101},[50,105123,105],{"class":64},[50,105125,105126,105128,105130,105132,105134,105136],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,105127,118],{"class":94},[50,105129,98],{"class":64},[50,105131,558],{"class":557},[50,105133,98],{"class":64},[50,105135,98352],{"class":101},[50,105137,478],{"class":64},[20,105139,353],{},[41,105141,105142],{"className":43,"code":99331,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,105143,105144,105150],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,105145,105146,105148],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,105147,617],{"class":557},[50,105149,8722],{"class":64},[50,105151,105152,105154,105156,105158,105160,105162],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,105153,597],{"class":60},[50,105155,601],{"class":600},[50,105157,605],{"class":604},[50,105159,617],{"class":608},[50,105161,611],{"class":604},[50,105163,614],{"class":60},[20,105165,105166],{},"This is important because:",[158,105168,105169,105174],{},[161,105170,105171,105173],{},[15,105172,3878],{}," creates an empty set",[161,105175,105176,105178,105179,105181],{},[15,105177,3873],{}," creates an empty dictionary, ",[3824,105180,4709],{}," a set",[20,105183,1602],{},[41,105185,105187],{"className":43,"code":105186,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = set()\nb = {}\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\n",[15,105188,105189,105199,105207,105211,105225],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,105190,105191,105193,105195,105197],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,105192,2652],{"class":56},[50,105194,61],{"class":60},[50,105196,15705],{"class":557},[50,105198,8722],{"class":64},[50,105200,105201,105203,105205],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,105202,2680],{"class":56},[50,105204,61],{"class":60},[50,105206,9916],{"class":64},[50,105208,105209],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,105210,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,105212,105213,105215,105217,105219,105221,105223],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,105214,118],{"class":94},[50,105216,98],{"class":64},[50,105218,558],{"class":557},[50,105220,98],{"class":64},[50,105222,421],{"class":101},[50,105224,478],{"class":64},[50,105226,105227,105229,105231,105233,105235,105237],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,105228,118],{"class":94},[50,105230,98],{"class":64},[50,105232,558],{"class":557},[50,105234,98],{"class":64},[50,105236,4839],{"class":101},[50,105238,478],{"class":64},[20,105240,353],{},[41,105242,105244],{"className":43,"code":105243,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,105245,105246,105260],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,105247,105248,105250,105252,105254,105256,105258],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,105249,597],{"class":60},[50,105251,601],{"class":600},[50,105253,605],{"class":604},[50,105255,617],{"class":608},[50,105257,611],{"class":604},[50,105259,614],{"class":60},[50,105261,105262,105264,105266,105268,105270,105272],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,105263,597],{"class":60},[50,105265,601],{"class":600},[50,105267,605],{"class":604},[50,105269,8901],{"class":608},[50,105271,611],{"class":604},[50,105273,614],{"class":60},[20,105275,14121],{},[20,105277,105278,105279,425],{},"For more on creating sets, see ",[421,105280,104535],{"href":96374},[36,105282,105284],{"id":105283},"using-set-with-common-iterables","Using set() with common iterables",[222,105286,105288],{"id":105287},"from-a-list","From a list",[20,105290,105291,105292,425],{},"This is one of the most common uses of ",[15,105293,3878],{},[41,105295,105297],{"className":43,"code":105296,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3]\nresult = set(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105298,105299,105331,105345,105349],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,105300,105301,105303,105305,105307,105309,105311,105313,105315,105317,105319,105321,105323,105325,105327,105329],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,105302,57],{"class":56},[50,105304,61],{"class":60},[50,105306,65],{"class":64},[50,105308,366],{"class":68},[50,105310,72],{"class":64},[50,105312,80],{"class":68},[50,105314,72],{"class":64},[50,105316,80],{"class":68},[50,105318,72],{"class":64},[50,105320,500],{"class":68},[50,105322,72],{"class":64},[50,105324,500],{"class":68},[50,105326,72],{"class":64},[50,105328,500],{"class":68},[50,105330,83],{"class":64},[50,105332,105333,105335,105337,105339,105341,105343],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,105334,89],{"class":56},[50,105336,61],{"class":60},[50,105338,15705],{"class":557},[50,105340,98],{"class":64},[50,105342,102],{"class":101},[50,105344,105],{"class":64},[50,105346,105347],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,105348,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,105350,105351,105353,105355,105357],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,105352,118],{"class":94},[50,105354,98],{"class":64},[50,105356,123],{"class":101},[50,105358,105],{"class":64},[20,105360,353],{},[41,105362,105363],{"className":43,"code":96650,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,105364,105365],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,105366,105367,105369,105371,105373,105375,105377,105379],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,105368,9357],{"class":64},[50,105370,366],{"class":68},[50,105372,72],{"class":64},[50,105374,80],{"class":68},[50,105376,72],{"class":64},[50,105378,500],{"class":68},[50,105380,645],{"class":64},[20,105382,105383,105384,425],{},"This is useful when you need unique values. For a task-focused example, see ",[421,105385,99121],{"href":105386},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python",[222,105388,105390],{"id":105389},"from-a-tuple","From a tuple",[41,105392,105394],{"className":43,"code":105393,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"values = (5, 5, 10, 15)\nresult = set(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105395,105396,105420,105434,105438],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,105397,105398,105400,105402,105404,105406,105408,105410,105412,105414,105416,105418],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,105399,516],{"class":56},[50,105401,61],{"class":60},[50,105403,521],{"class":64},[50,105405,290],{"class":68},[50,105407,72],{"class":64},[50,105409,375],{"class":68},[50,105411,72],{"class":64},[50,105413,6082],{"class":68},[50,105415,72],{"class":64},[50,105417,38006],{"class":68},[50,105419,105],{"class":64},[50,105421,105422,105424,105426,105428,105430,105432],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,105423,89],{"class":56},[50,105425,61],{"class":60},[50,105427,15705],{"class":557},[50,105429,98],{"class":64},[50,105431,546],{"class":101},[50,105433,105],{"class":64},[50,105435,105436],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,105437,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,105439,105440,105442,105444,105446],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,105441,118],{"class":94},[50,105443,98],{"class":64},[50,105445,123],{"class":101},[50,105447,105],{"class":64},[20,105449,353],{},[41,105451,105453],{"className":43,"code":105452,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{5, 10, 15}\n",[15,105454,105455],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,105456,105457,105459,105461,105463,105465,105467,105469],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,105458,9357],{"class":64},[50,105460,290],{"class":68},[50,105462,72],{"class":64},[50,105464,6082],{"class":68},[50,105466,72],{"class":64},[50,105468,38006],{"class":68},[50,105470,645],{"class":64},[222,105472,105474],{"id":105473},"from-a-string","From a string",[20,105476,51196,105477,105479],{},[15,105478,3878],{}," on a string, Python treats the string as an iterable of characters.",[41,105481,105483],{"className":43,"code":105482,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = set(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105484,105485,105497,105511,105515],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,105486,105487,105489,105491,105493,105495],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,105488,695],{"class":56},[50,105490,61],{"class":60},[50,105492,700],{"class":604},[50,105494,1058],{"class":608},[50,105496,705],{"class":604},[50,105498,105499,105501,105503,105505,105507,105509],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,105500,89],{"class":56},[50,105502,61],{"class":60},[50,105504,15705],{"class":557},[50,105506,98],{"class":64},[50,105508,718],{"class":101},[50,105510,105],{"class":64},[50,105512,105513],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,105514,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,105516,105517,105519,105521,105523],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,105518,118],{"class":94},[50,105520,98],{"class":64},[50,105522,123],{"class":101},[50,105524,105],{"class":64},[20,105526,30098],{},[41,105528,105530],{"className":43,"code":105529,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'b', 'a', 'n'}\n",[15,105531,105532],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,105533,105534,105536,105538,105540,105542,105544,105546,105548,105550,105552,105554,105556,105558],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,105535,9357],{"class":64},[50,105537,611],{"class":604},[50,105539,4839],{"class":608},[50,105541,611],{"class":604},[50,105543,72],{"class":64},[50,105545,605],{"class":604},[50,105547,421],{"class":608},[50,105549,611],{"class":604},[50,105551,72],{"class":64},[50,105553,605],{"class":604},[50,105555,745],{"class":608},[50,105557,611],{"class":604},[50,105559,645],{"class":64},[20,105561,105562],{},"The result contains unique characters only.",[222,105564,105566],{"id":105565},"from-range","From range()",[41,105568,105570],{"className":43,"code":105569,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"result = set(range(5))\nprint(result)\n",[15,105571,105572,105590],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,105573,105574,105576,105578,105580,105582,105584,105586,105588],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,105575,89],{"class":56},[50,105577,61],{"class":60},[50,105579,15705],{"class":557},[50,105581,98],{"class":64},[50,105583,60066],{"class":94},[50,105585,98],{"class":64},[50,105587,290],{"class":68},[50,105589,478],{"class":64},[50,105591,105592,105594,105596,105598],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,105593,118],{"class":94},[50,105595,98],{"class":64},[50,105597,123],{"class":101},[50,105599,105],{"class":64},[20,105601,353],{},[41,105603,105605],{"className":43,"code":105604,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{0, 1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,105606,105607],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,105608,105609,105611,105613,105615,105617,105619,105621,105623,105625,105627,105629],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,105610,9357],{"class":64},[50,105612,2220],{"class":68},[50,105614,72],{"class":64},[50,105616,75],{"class":68},[50,105618,72],{"class":64},[50,105620,80],{"class":68},[50,105622,72],{"class":64},[50,105624,500],{"class":68},[50,105626,72],{"class":64},[50,105628,2554],{"class":68},[50,105630,645],{"class":64},[36,105632,105634],{"id":105633},"what-kinds-of-values-a-set-can-contain","What kinds of values a set can contain",[20,105636,99568,105637,425],{},[3824,105638,96414],{},[20,105640,105641],{},"In simple terms, this means the value must be a type Python can safely use inside a set.",[20,105643,99574],{},[158,105645,105646,105650,105654,105658],{},[161,105647,105648],{},[15,105649,2288],{},[161,105651,105652],{},[15,105653,1395],{},[161,105655,105656],{},[15,105657,2291],{},[161,105659,105660,105662],{},[15,105661,505],{}," (if its contents are also hashable)",[20,105664,1602],{},[41,105666,105668],{"className":43,"code":105667,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = {1, \"hello\", (10, 20)}\nprint(items)\n",[15,105669,105670,105701],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,105671,105672,105674,105676,105678,105680,105682,105684,105686,105688,105690,105692,105694,105696,105698],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,105673,7859],{"class":56},[50,105675,61],{"class":60},[50,105677,632],{"class":64},[50,105679,366],{"class":68},[50,105681,72],{"class":64},[50,105683,700],{"class":604},[50,105685,3926],{"class":608},[50,105687,811],{"class":604},[50,105689,72],{"class":64},[50,105691,521],{"class":64},[50,105693,1618],{"class":68},[50,105695,72],{"class":64},[50,105697,840],{"class":68},[50,105699,105700],{"class":64},")}\n",[50,105702,105703,105705,105707,105709],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,105704,118],{"class":94},[50,105706,98],{"class":64},[50,105708,7888],{"class":101},[50,105710,105],{"class":64},[20,105712,99636,105713,105715],{},[3824,105714,4709],{}," work inside a set:",[158,105717,105718,105722,105726],{},[161,105719,105720],{},[15,105721,437],{},[161,105723,105724],{},[15,105725,8901],{},[161,105727,105728],{},[15,105729,617],{},[20,105731,97139],{},[41,105733,105735],{"className":43,"code":105734,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"bad_set = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,105736,105737],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,105738,105739,105741,105743,105745,105747,105749,105751,105753,105755,105757,105759,105761],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,105740,99655],{"class":56},[50,105742,61],{"class":60},[50,105744,99660],{"class":64},[50,105746,366],{"class":68},[50,105748,72],{"class":64},[50,105750,80],{"class":68},[50,105752,1860],{"class":64},[50,105754,65],{"class":64},[50,105756,69],{"class":68},[50,105758,72],{"class":64},[50,105760,2554],{"class":68},[50,105762,13779],{"class":64},[20,105764,76912,105765,105767],{},[15,105766,1542],{}," because lists are mutable and cannot be added to a set.",[20,105769,105770],{},"A safer example:",[41,105772,105774],{"className":43,"code":105773,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"good_set = {(1, 2), (3, 4)}\nprint(good_set)\n",[15,105775,105776,105804],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,105777,105778,105781,105783,105786,105788,105790,105792,105794,105796,105798,105800,105802],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,105779,105780],{"class":56},"good_set ",[50,105782,61],{"class":60},[50,105784,105785],{"class":64}," {(",[50,105787,366],{"class":68},[50,105789,72],{"class":64},[50,105791,80],{"class":68},[50,105793,9313],{"class":64},[50,105795,521],{"class":64},[50,105797,69],{"class":68},[50,105799,72],{"class":64},[50,105801,2554],{"class":68},[50,105803,105700],{"class":64},[50,105805,105806,105808,105810,105813],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,105807,118],{"class":94},[50,105809,98],{"class":64},[50,105811,105812],{"class":101},"good_set",[50,105814,105],{"class":64},[20,105816,353],{},[41,105818,105820],{"className":43,"code":105819,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{(1, 2), (3, 4)}\n",[15,105821,105822],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,105823,105824,105827,105829,105831,105833,105835,105837,105839,105841,105843],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,105825,105826],{"class":64},"{(",[50,105828,366],{"class":68},[50,105830,72],{"class":64},[50,105832,80],{"class":68},[50,105834,9313],{"class":64},[50,105836,521],{"class":64},[50,105838,69],{"class":68},[50,105840,72],{"class":64},[50,105842,2554],{"class":68},[50,105844,105700],{"class":64},[36,105846,105848],{"id":105847},"when-to-use-set","When to use set()",[20,105850,920,105851,1504],{},[15,105852,3878],{},[158,105854,105855,105858,105863,105866],{},[161,105856,105857],{},"you need unique values only",[161,105859,105860,105861],{},"you want fast membership checks with ",[15,105862,3964],{},[161,105864,105865],{},"order does not matter",[161,105867,105868],{},"you need set operations like union or intersection",[20,105870,105871],{},"Example of membership checking:",[41,105873,105875],{"className":43,"code":105874,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"allowed_ids = set([101, 102, 103])\n\nprint(102 in allowed_ids)\nprint(999 in allowed_ids)\n",[15,105876,105877,105902,105906,105922],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,105878,105879,105882,105884,105886,105888,105890,105892,105895,105897,105900],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,105880,105881],{"class":56},"allowed_ids ",[50,105883,61],{"class":60},[50,105885,15705],{"class":557},[50,105887,1792],{"class":64},[50,105889,46662],{"class":68},[50,105891,72],{"class":64},[50,105893,105894],{"class":68}," 102",[50,105896,72],{"class":64},[50,105898,105899],{"class":68}," 103",[50,105901,3970],{"class":64},[50,105903,105904],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,105905,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,105907,105908,105910,105912,105915,105917,105920],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,105909,118],{"class":94},[50,105911,98],{"class":64},[50,105913,105914],{"class":68},"102",[50,105916,21243],{"class":3957},[50,105918,105919],{"class":101}," allowed_ids",[50,105921,105],{"class":64},[50,105923,105924,105926,105928,105931,105933,105935],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,105925,118],{"class":94},[50,105927,98],{"class":64},[50,105929,105930],{"class":68},"999",[50,105932,21243],{"class":3957},[50,105934,105919],{"class":101},[50,105936,105],{"class":64},[20,105938,353],{},[41,105940,105941],{"className":43,"code":44243,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,105942,105943,105947],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,105944,105945],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,105946,4061],{"class":207},[50,105948,105949],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,105950,4122],{"class":207},[20,105952,105953],{},"This is a common real-world use of sets.",[36,105955,105957],{"id":105956},"set-vs","set() vs {}",[20,105959,105960],{},"These forms are similar, but they do not mean the same thing.",[222,105962,920,105964,98265],{"id":105963},"use-set-for-an-empty-set",[15,105965,3878],{},[41,105967,105968],{"className":43,"code":98326,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,105969,105970,105980],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,105971,105972,105974,105976,105978],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,105973,98333],{"class":56},[50,105975,61],{"class":60},[50,105977,15705],{"class":557},[50,105979,8722],{"class":64},[50,105981,105982,105984,105986,105988,105990,105992],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,105983,118],{"class":94},[50,105985,98],{"class":64},[50,105987,558],{"class":557},[50,105989,98],{"class":64},[50,105991,98352],{"class":101},[50,105993,478],{"class":64},[20,105995,353],{},[41,105997,105998],{"className":43,"code":8932,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,105999,106000],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,106001,106002,106004,106006,106008,106010,106012],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,106003,597],{"class":60},[50,106005,601],{"class":600},[50,106007,605],{"class":604},[50,106009,617],{"class":608},[50,106011,611],{"class":604},[50,106013,614],{"class":60},[222,106015,920,106017,106019],{"id":106016},"use-1-2-3-for-a-non-empty-set-literal",[15,106018,100325],{}," for a non-empty set literal",[41,106021,106023],{"className":43,"code":106022,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(type(numbers))\n",[15,106024,106025,106045],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,106026,106027,106029,106031,106033,106035,106037,106039,106041,106043],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,106028,57],{"class":56},[50,106030,61],{"class":60},[50,106032,632],{"class":64},[50,106034,366],{"class":68},[50,106036,72],{"class":64},[50,106038,80],{"class":68},[50,106040,72],{"class":64},[50,106042,500],{"class":68},[50,106044,645],{"class":64},[50,106046,106047,106049,106051,106053,106055,106057],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,106048,118],{"class":94},[50,106050,98],{"class":64},[50,106052,558],{"class":557},[50,106054,98],{"class":64},[50,106056,102],{"class":101},[50,106058,478],{"class":64},[20,106060,353],{},[41,106062,106063],{"className":43,"code":8932,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,106064,106065],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,106066,106067,106069,106071,106073,106075,106077],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,106068,597],{"class":60},[50,106070,601],{"class":600},[50,106072,605],{"class":604},[50,106074,617],{"class":608},[50,106076,611],{"class":604},[50,106078,614],{"class":60},[222,106080,920,106082,106084],{"id":106081},"use-for-an-empty-dictionary",[15,106083,3873],{}," for an empty dictionary",[41,106086,106088],{"className":43,"code":106087,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"empty_dict = {}\nprint(type(empty_dict))\n",[15,106089,106090,106099],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,106091,106092,106095,106097],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,106093,106094],{"class":56},"empty_dict ",[50,106096,61],{"class":60},[50,106098,9916],{"class":64},[50,106100,106101,106103,106105,106107,106109,106112],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,106102,118],{"class":94},[50,106104,98],{"class":64},[50,106106,558],{"class":557},[50,106108,98],{"class":64},[50,106110,106111],{"class":101},"empty_dict",[50,106113,478],{"class":64},[20,106115,353],{},[41,106117,106118],{"className":43,"code":8888,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,106119,106120],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,106121,106122,106124,106126,106128,106130,106132],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,106123,597],{"class":60},[50,106125,601],{"class":600},[50,106127,605],{"class":604},[50,106129,8901],{"class":608},[50,106131,611],{"class":604},[50,106133,614],{"class":60},[20,106135,106136],{},"So the rule is simple:",[158,106138,106139,106144,106149],{},[161,106140,106141,106143],{},[15,106142,3878],{}," → empty set",[161,106145,106146,106148],{},[15,106147,100325],{}," → non-empty set",[161,106150,106151,106153],{},[15,106152,3873],{}," → empty dictionary",[36,106155,1743],{"id":1742},[20,106157,106158,106159,425],{},"These are common problems beginners run into with ",[15,106160,3878],{},[222,106162,914,106163,99923],{"id":99920},[15,106164,3873],{},[20,106166,106167],{},"This creates a dictionary, not a set:",[41,106169,106170],{"className":43,"code":99929,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,106171,106172,106180],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,106173,106174,106176,106178],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,106175,2544],{"class":56},[50,106177,61],{"class":60},[50,106179,9916],{"class":64},[50,106181,106182,106184,106186,106188,106190,106192],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,106183,118],{"class":94},[50,106185,98],{"class":64},[50,106187,558],{"class":557},[50,106189,98],{"class":64},[50,106191,2570],{"class":101},[50,106193,478],{"class":64},[222,106195,106197,106198],{"id":106196},"passing-a-non-iterable-value-like-set5","Passing a non-iterable value like ",[15,106199,106200],{},"set(5)",[20,106202,106203,106205],{},[15,106204,3878],{}," expects one iterable argument. An integer is not iterable.",[41,106207,106209],{"className":43,"code":106208,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"set(5)\n",[15,106210,106211],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,106212,106213,106215,106217,106219],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,106214,617],{"class":557},[50,106216,98],{"class":64},[50,106218,290],{"class":68},[50,106220,105],{"class":64},[20,106222,3097,106223,106225,106226,425],{},[15,106224,1542],{},". If you are seeing a related message, see ",[421,106227,106229],{"href":106228},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix","TypeError: int object is not iterable fix",[222,106231,106233],{"id":106232},"trying-to-put-lists-or-dictionaries-inside-a-set","Trying to put lists or dictionaries inside a set",[20,106235,106236],{},"This does not work because lists and dictionaries are unhashable.",[41,106238,106240],{"className":43,"code":106239,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,106241,106242],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,106243,106244,106246,106248,106250,106252,106254,106256,106258,106260,106262,106264,106266],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,106245,2544],{"class":56},[50,106247,61],{"class":60},[50,106249,99660],{"class":64},[50,106251,366],{"class":68},[50,106253,72],{"class":64},[50,106255,80],{"class":68},[50,106257,1860],{"class":64},[50,106259,65],{"class":64},[50,106261,69],{"class":68},[50,106263,72],{"class":64},[50,106265,2554],{"class":68},[50,106267,13779],{"class":64},[222,106269,8532,106271,106273],{"id":106270},"expecting-set-to-keep-the-original-order",[15,106272,3878],{}," to keep the original order",[20,106275,106276],{},"Sets are unordered. If you print a set, the items may not appear in the same order as the original iterable.",[222,106278,37273,106280,8784,106282,2976,106284],{"id":106279},"confusing-set-with-list-or-dict",[15,106281,3878],{},[15,106283,24849],{},[15,106285,9200],{},[20,106287,106288],{},"These built-in functions create different types of objects. Choose the one that matches your goal.",[36,106290,60775],{"id":60774},[20,106292,11188],{},[41,106294,106296],{"className":43,"code":106295,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(type(my_value))\nprint(my_value)\nprint(list(my_set))\nprint(len(my_set))\n",[15,106297,106298,106313,106323,106337],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,106299,106300,106302,106304,106306,106308,106311],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,106301,118],{"class":94},[50,106303,98],{"class":64},[50,106305,558],{"class":557},[50,106307,98],{"class":64},[50,106309,106310],{"class":101},"my_value",[50,106312,478],{"class":64},[50,106314,106315,106317,106319,106321],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,106316,118],{"class":94},[50,106318,98],{"class":64},[50,106320,106310],{"class":101},[50,106322,105],{"class":64},[50,106324,106325,106327,106329,106331,106333,106335],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,106326,118],{"class":94},[50,106328,98],{"class":64},[50,106330,437],{"class":557},[50,106332,98],{"class":64},[50,106334,15738],{"class":101},[50,106336,478],{"class":64},[50,106338,106339,106341,106343,106345,106347,106349],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,106340,118],{"class":94},[50,106342,98],{"class":64},[50,106344,1267],{"class":94},[50,106346,98],{"class":64},[50,106348,15738],{"class":101},[50,106350,478],{"class":64},[20,106352,106353],{},"What they help you see:",[158,106355,106356,106362,106367,106373],{},[161,106357,106358,106361],{},[15,106359,106360],{},"print(type(my_value))"," checks the actual type",[161,106363,106364,90591],{},[15,106365,106366],{},"print(my_value)",[161,106368,106369,106372],{},[15,106370,106371],{},"print(list(my_set))"," converts the set to a list so it is easier to inspect",[161,106374,106375,106378],{},[15,106376,106377],{},"print(len(my_set))"," shows how many unique items are in the set",[36,106380,1913],{"id":1912},[222,106382,106384],{"id":106383},"does-set-remove-duplicates","Does set() remove duplicates?",[20,106386,106387],{},"Yes. Duplicate values are automatically removed when the set is created.",[222,106389,106391],{"id":106390},"how-do-i-make-an-empty-set-in-python","How do I make an empty set in Python?",[20,106393,920,106394,106396,106397,106399],{},[15,106395,3878],{},". Do not use ",[15,106398,3873],{},", because that creates an empty dictionary.",[222,106401,106403],{"id":106402},"does-set-keep-the-original-order","Does set() keep the original order?",[20,106405,106406],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item order.",[222,106408,106410],{"id":106409},"can-i-use-set-on-a-string","Can I use set() on a string?",[20,106412,106413],{},"Yes. It creates a set of unique characters from the string.",[20,106415,1602],{},[41,106417,106419],{"className":43,"code":106418,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(set(\"apple\"))\n",[15,106420,106421],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,106422,106423,106425,106427,106429,106431,106433,106435,106437],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,106424,118],{"class":94},[50,106426,98],{"class":64},[50,106428,617],{"class":557},[50,106430,98],{"class":64},[50,106432,811],{"class":604},[50,106434,1049],{"class":608},[50,106436,811],{"class":604},[50,106438,478],{"class":64},[20,106440,30098],{},[41,106442,106444],{"className":43,"code":106443,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'a', 'p', 'l', 'e'}\n",[15,106445,106446],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,106447,106448,106450,106452,106454,106456,106458,106460,106462,106464,106466,106468,106470,106472,106474,106476,106478,106480],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,106449,9357],{"class":64},[50,106451,611],{"class":604},[50,106453,421],{"class":608},[50,106455,611],{"class":604},[50,106457,72],{"class":64},[50,106459,605],{"class":604},[50,106461,20],{"class":608},[50,106463,611],{"class":604},[50,106465,72],{"class":64},[50,106467,605],{"class":604},[50,106469,60522],{"class":608},[50,106471,611],{"class":604},[50,106473,72],{"class":64},[50,106475,605],{"class":604},[50,106477,60513],{"class":608},[50,106479,611],{"class":604},[50,106481,645],{"class":64},[222,106483,1963,106485,106488],{"id":106484},"why-does-set1-2-3-4-not-work",[15,106486,106487],{},"set([1, 2], [3, 4])"," not work?",[20,106490,106491,28755,106493,106496],{},[15,106492,3878],{},[3824,106494,106495],{},"one optional iterable argument",", not multiple positional values.",[20,106498,106499],{},"If you want all those values in one set, combine them into a single iterable first:",[41,106501,106503],{"className":43,"code":106502,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(set([1, 2, 3, 4]))\n",[15,106504,106505],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,106506,106507,106509,106511,106513,106515,106517,106519,106521,106523,106525,106527,106529],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,106508,118],{"class":94},[50,106510,98],{"class":64},[50,106512,617],{"class":557},[50,106514,1792],{"class":64},[50,106516,366],{"class":68},[50,106518,72],{"class":64},[50,106520,80],{"class":68},[50,106522,72],{"class":64},[50,106524,500],{"class":68},[50,106526,72],{"class":64},[50,106528,2554],{"class":68},[50,106530,1805],{"class":64},[36,106532,1975],{"id":1974},[158,106534,106535,106539,106543,106547,106551],{},[161,106536,106537],{},[421,106538,96371],{"href":96370},[161,106540,106541],{},[421,106542,104535],{"href":96374},[161,106544,106545],{},[421,106546,100387],{"href":105386},[161,106548,106549],{},[421,106550,105093],{"href":64908},[161,106552,106553],{},[421,106554,106229],{"href":106228},[2018,106556,106557],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":106559},[106560,106561,106562,106563,106564,106570,106571,106572,106580,106590,106591,106599],{"id":2104,"depth":86,"text":2105},{"id":104711,"depth":86,"text":104712},{"id":180,"depth":86,"text":181},{"id":105096,"depth":86,"text":105097},{"id":105283,"depth":86,"text":105284,"children":106565},[106566,106567,106568,106569],{"id":105287,"depth":108,"text":105288},{"id":105389,"depth":108,"text":105390},{"id":105473,"depth":108,"text":105474},{"id":105565,"depth":108,"text":105566},{"id":105633,"depth":86,"text":105634},{"id":105847,"depth":86,"text":105848},{"id":105956,"depth":86,"text":105957,"children":106573},[106574,106576,106578],{"id":105963,"depth":108,"text":106575},"Use set() for an empty set",{"id":106016,"depth":108,"text":106577},"Use {1, 2, 3} for a non-empty set literal",{"id":106081,"depth":108,"text":106579},"Use {} for an empty dictionary",{"id":1742,"depth":86,"text":1743,"children":106581},[106582,106583,106585,106586,106588],{"id":99920,"depth":108,"text":100428},{"id":106196,"depth":108,"text":106584},"Passing a non-iterable value like set(5)",{"id":106232,"depth":108,"text":106233},{"id":106270,"depth":108,"text":106587},"Expecting set() to keep the original order",{"id":106279,"depth":108,"text":106589},"Confusing set() with list() or dict()",{"id":60774,"depth":86,"text":60775},{"id":1912,"depth":86,"text":1913,"children":106592},[106593,106594,106595,106596,106597],{"id":106383,"depth":108,"text":106384},{"id":106390,"depth":108,"text":106391},{"id":106402,"depth":108,"text":106403},{"id":106409,"depth":108,"text":106410},{"id":106484,"depth":108,"text":106598},"Why does set([1, 2], [3, 4]) not work?",{"id":1974,"depth":86,"text":1975},"Master python set function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained",{"title":104593,"description":106600},"reference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained","wzopeLgTwc6XjSZRTDiO0MhJY1lIjTWxNHu52c5tL8Y",{"id":106607,"title":106608,"body":106609,"description":108124,"extension":2064,"meta":108125,"navigation":111,"path":108126,"seo":108127,"stem":108128,"__hash__":108129},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method.md","Python Set intersection() Method",{"type":7,"value":106610,"toc":108100},[106611,106617,106622,106625,106708,106713,106718,106723,106725,106738,106742,106744,106763,106766,106789,106792,106803,106805,106886,106888,106905,106907,106913,106916,107011,107013,107044,107046,107054,107056,107059,107170,107172,107197,107199,107221,107226,107231,107237,107346,107348,107364,107367,107370,107453,107455,107472,107480,107482,107486,107492,107583,107585,107618,107623,107630,107707,107709,107726,107732,107734,107738,107754,107757,107783,107785,107846,107848,107971,107973,108024,108030,108032,108037,108039,108045,108048,108052,108055,108059,108062,108072,108074,108097],[10,106612,13,106614,11397],{"id":106613},"python-setintersection-method",[15,106615,106616],{},"set.intersection()",[20,106618,1185,106619,106621],{},[15,106620,106616],{}," method returns a new set containing only the values that appear in both sets.",[20,106623,106624],{},"Use it when you want to find common items between sets without changing the original set.",[41,106626,106628],{"className":43,"code":106627,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n# Output: {2, 3}\n",[15,106629,106630,106650,106670,106674,106693,106703],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,106631,106632,106634,106636,106638,106640,106642,106644,106646,106648],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,106633,2652],{"class":56},[50,106635,61],{"class":60},[50,106637,632],{"class":64},[50,106639,366],{"class":68},[50,106641,72],{"class":64},[50,106643,80],{"class":68},[50,106645,72],{"class":64},[50,106647,500],{"class":68},[50,106649,645],{"class":64},[50,106651,106652,106654,106656,106658,106660,106662,106664,106666,106668],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,106653,2680],{"class":56},[50,106655,61],{"class":60},[50,106657,632],{"class":64},[50,106659,1564],{"class":68},[50,106661,72],{"class":64},[50,106663,500],{"class":68},[50,106665,72],{"class":64},[50,106667,2554],{"class":68},[50,106669,645],{"class":64},[50,106671,106672],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,106673,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,106675,106676,106678,106680,106682,106684,106687,106689,106691],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,106677,89],{"class":56},[50,106679,61],{"class":60},[50,106681,56955],{"class":56},[50,106683,425],{"class":64},[50,106685,106686],{"class":101},"intersection",[50,106688,98],{"class":64},[50,106690,4839],{"class":101},[50,106692,105],{"class":64},[50,106694,106695,106697,106699,106701],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,106696,118],{"class":94},[50,106698,98],{"class":64},[50,106700,123],{"class":101},[50,106702,105],{"class":64},[50,106704,106705],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,106706,106707],{"class":129},"# Output: {2, 3}\n",[20,106709,920,106710,106712],{},[15,106711,102834],{}," when you want only the items that appear in both sets.",[36,106714,13069,106716,13072],{"id":106715},"what-the-intersection-method-does",[15,106717,102834],{},[20,106719,106720,106722],{},[15,106721,102834],{}," is a set method that compares one set with another set or iterable and keeps only the shared values.",[20,106724,13125],{},[158,106726,106727,106730,106732,106735],{},[161,106728,106729],{},"It returns a new set with items that exist in both sets",[161,106731,100604],{},[161,106733,106734],{},"It works with values that can be stored in a set",[161,106736,106737],{},"It is useful for finding shared values",[20,106739,96367,106740,425],{},[421,106741,96371],{"href":96370},[36,106743,181],{"id":180},[41,106745,106747],{"className":43,"code":106746,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"set1.intersection(set2)\n",[15,106748,106749],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,106750,106751,106753,106755,106757,106759,106761],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,106752,100628],{"class":56},[50,106754,425],{"class":64},[50,106756,106686],{"class":101},[50,106758,98],{"class":64},[50,106760,100637],{"class":101},[50,106762,105],{"class":64},[20,106764,106765],{},"You can also pass more than one argument:",[41,106767,106769],{"className":43,"code":106768,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"set1.intersection(set2, set3)\n",[15,106770,106771],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,106772,106773,106775,106777,106779,106781,106783,106785,106787],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,106774,100628],{"class":56},[50,106776,425],{"class":64},[50,106778,106686],{"class":101},[50,106780,98],{"class":64},[50,106782,100637],{"class":101},[50,106784,72],{"class":64},[50,106786,100664],{"class":101},[50,106788,105],{"class":64},[20,106790,106791],{},"Important notes:",[158,106793,106794,106797,106800],{},[161,106795,106796],{},"The result is always a new set",[161,106798,106799],{},"If there are no shared items, the result is an empty set",[161,106801,106802],{},"You can pass sets or other iterables as arguments",[20,106804,1602],{},[41,106806,106808],{"className":43,"code":106807,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,106809,106810,106834,106854,106858,106876],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,106811,106812,106814,106816,106818,106820,106822,106824,106826,106828,106830,106832],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,106813,2652],{"class":56},[50,106815,61],{"class":60},[50,106817,632],{"class":64},[50,106819,366],{"class":68},[50,106821,72],{"class":64},[50,106823,80],{"class":68},[50,106825,72],{"class":64},[50,106827,500],{"class":68},[50,106829,72],{"class":64},[50,106831,2554],{"class":68},[50,106833,645],{"class":64},[50,106835,106836,106838,106840,106842,106844,106846,106848,106850,106852],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,106837,2680],{"class":56},[50,106839,61],{"class":60},[50,106841,632],{"class":64},[50,106843,69],{"class":68},[50,106845,72],{"class":64},[50,106847,2554],{"class":68},[50,106849,72],{"class":64},[50,106851,375],{"class":68},[50,106853,645],{"class":64},[50,106855,106856],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,106857,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,106859,106860,106862,106864,106866,106868,106870,106872,106874],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,106861,89],{"class":56},[50,106863,61],{"class":60},[50,106865,56955],{"class":56},[50,106867,425],{"class":64},[50,106869,106686],{"class":101},[50,106871,98],{"class":64},[50,106873,4839],{"class":101},[50,106875,105],{"class":64},[50,106877,106878,106880,106882,106884],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,106879,118],{"class":94},[50,106881,98],{"class":64},[50,106883,123],{"class":101},[50,106885,105],{"class":64},[20,106887,353],{},[41,106889,106891],{"className":43,"code":106890,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{3, 4}\n",[15,106892,106893],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,106894,106895,106897,106899,106901,106903],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,106896,9357],{"class":64},[50,106898,69],{"class":68},[50,106900,72],{"class":64},[50,106902,2554],{"class":68},[50,106904,645],{"class":64},[36,106906,17488],{"id":17487},[20,106908,106909,22044,106911,425],{},[15,106910,102834],{},[3824,106912,617],{},[20,106914,106915],{},"That returned set contains only the elements that are present in all inputs.",[41,106917,106919],{"className":43,"code":106918,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,106920,106921,106941,106961,106965,106983,106987,106997],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,106922,106923,106925,106927,106929,106931,106933,106935,106937,106939],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,106924,2652],{"class":56},[50,106926,61],{"class":60},[50,106928,632],{"class":64},[50,106930,366],{"class":68},[50,106932,72],{"class":64},[50,106934,80],{"class":68},[50,106936,72],{"class":64},[50,106938,500],{"class":68},[50,106940,645],{"class":64},[50,106942,106943,106945,106947,106949,106951,106953,106955,106957,106959],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,106944,2680],{"class":56},[50,106946,61],{"class":60},[50,106948,632],{"class":64},[50,106950,1564],{"class":68},[50,106952,72],{"class":64},[50,106954,500],{"class":68},[50,106956,72],{"class":64},[50,106958,2554],{"class":68},[50,106960,645],{"class":64},[50,106962,106963],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,106964,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,106966,106967,106969,106971,106973,106975,106977,106979,106981],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,106968,89],{"class":56},[50,106970,61],{"class":60},[50,106972,56955],{"class":56},[50,106974,425],{"class":64},[50,106976,106686],{"class":101},[50,106978,98],{"class":64},[50,106980,4839],{"class":101},[50,106982,105],{"class":64},[50,106984,106985],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,106986,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,106988,106989,106991,106993,106995],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,106990,118],{"class":94},[50,106992,98],{"class":64},[50,106994,123],{"class":101},[50,106996,105],{"class":64},[50,106998,106999,107001,107003,107005,107007,107009],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,107000,118],{"class":94},[50,107002,98],{"class":64},[50,107004,558],{"class":557},[50,107006,98],{"class":64},[50,107008,123],{"class":101},[50,107010,478],{"class":64},[20,107012,353],{},[41,107014,107016],{"className":43,"code":107015,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,107017,107018,107030],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,107019,107020,107022,107024,107026,107028],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,107021,9357],{"class":64},[50,107023,1564],{"class":68},[50,107025,72],{"class":64},[50,107027,500],{"class":68},[50,107029,645],{"class":64},[50,107031,107032,107034,107036,107038,107040,107042],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,107033,597],{"class":60},[50,107035,601],{"class":600},[50,107037,605],{"class":604},[50,107039,617],{"class":608},[50,107041,611],{"class":604},[50,107043,614],{"class":60},[20,107045,85855],{},[158,107047,107048,107051],{},[161,107049,107050],{},"The return value is a set, not a list",[161,107052,107053],{},"The order is not guaranteed because sets are unordered",[36,107055,271],{"id":270},[20,107057,107058],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets that share some values:",[41,107060,107062],{"className":43,"code":107061,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\", \"blue\"}\n\ncommon_colors = colors1.intersection(colors2)\n\nprint(common_colors)\n",[15,107063,107064,107097,107130,107134,107155,107159],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,107065,107066,107069,107071,107073,107075,107077,107079,107081,107083,107085,107087,107089,107091,107093,107095],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,107067,107068],{"class":56},"colors1 ",[50,107070,61],{"class":60},[50,107072,632],{"class":64},[50,107074,811],{"class":604},[50,107076,13166],{"class":608},[50,107078,811],{"class":604},[50,107080,72],{"class":64},[50,107082,700],{"class":604},[50,107084,13183],{"class":608},[50,107086,811],{"class":604},[50,107088,72],{"class":64},[50,107090,700],{"class":604},[50,107092,17525],{"class":608},[50,107094,811],{"class":604},[50,107096,645],{"class":64},[50,107098,107099,107102,107104,107106,107108,107110,107112,107114,107116,107118,107120,107122,107124,107126,107128],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,107100,107101],{"class":56},"colors2 ",[50,107103,61],{"class":60},[50,107105,632],{"class":64},[50,107107,811],{"class":604},[50,107109,17525],{"class":608},[50,107111,811],{"class":604},[50,107113,72],{"class":64},[50,107115,700],{"class":604},[50,107117,22593],{"class":608},[50,107119,811],{"class":604},[50,107121,72],{"class":64},[50,107123,700],{"class":604},[50,107125,13183],{"class":608},[50,107127,811],{"class":604},[50,107129,645],{"class":64},[50,107131,107132],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,107133,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,107135,107136,107139,107141,107144,107146,107148,107150,107153],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,107137,107138],{"class":56},"common_colors ",[50,107140,61],{"class":60},[50,107142,107143],{"class":56}," colors1",[50,107145,425],{"class":64},[50,107147,106686],{"class":101},[50,107149,98],{"class":64},[50,107151,107152],{"class":101},"colors2",[50,107154,105],{"class":64},[50,107156,107157],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,107158,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,107160,107161,107163,107165,107168],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,107162,118],{"class":94},[50,107164,98],{"class":64},[50,107166,107167],{"class":101},"common_colors",[50,107169,105],{"class":64},[20,107171,353],{},[41,107173,107175],{"className":43,"code":107174,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,107176,107177],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,107178,107179,107181,107183,107185,107187,107189,107191,107193,107195],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,107180,9357],{"class":64},[50,107182,611],{"class":604},[50,107184,13183],{"class":608},[50,107186,611],{"class":604},[50,107188,72],{"class":64},[50,107190,605],{"class":604},[50,107192,17525],{"class":608},[50,107194,611],{"class":604},[50,107196,645],{"class":64},[20,107198,11758],{},[158,107200,107201,107207,107211,107216],{},[161,107202,107203,107206],{},[15,107204,107205],{},"colors1"," contains three color names",[161,107208,107209,107206],{},[15,107210,107152],{},[161,107212,107213,107215],{},[15,107214,102834],{}," keeps only the values found in both sets",[161,107217,107218,107219],{},"The result is a new set stored in ",[15,107220,107167],{},[36,107222,914,107224,101201],{"id":107223},"using-intersection-with-multiple-sets",[15,107225,102834],{},[20,107227,107228,107229,425],{},"You can pass more than two sets or iterables to ",[15,107230,102834],{},[20,107232,107233,107234,107236],{},"Only the values found in ",[3824,107235,3797],{}," inputs will be kept.",[41,107238,107240],{"className":43,"code":107239,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {2, 3, 4, 5}\nc = {3, 4, 6}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,107241,107242,107266,107290,107310,107314,107336],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,107243,107244,107246,107248,107250,107252,107254,107256,107258,107260,107262,107264],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,107245,2652],{"class":56},[50,107247,61],{"class":60},[50,107249,632],{"class":64},[50,107251,366],{"class":68},[50,107253,72],{"class":64},[50,107255,80],{"class":68},[50,107257,72],{"class":64},[50,107259,500],{"class":68},[50,107261,72],{"class":64},[50,107263,2554],{"class":68},[50,107265,645],{"class":64},[50,107267,107268,107270,107272,107274,107276,107278,107280,107282,107284,107286,107288],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,107269,2680],{"class":56},[50,107271,61],{"class":60},[50,107273,632],{"class":64},[50,107275,1564],{"class":68},[50,107277,72],{"class":64},[50,107279,500],{"class":68},[50,107281,72],{"class":64},[50,107283,2554],{"class":68},[50,107285,72],{"class":64},[50,107287,375],{"class":68},[50,107289,645],{"class":64},[50,107291,107292,107294,107296,107298,107300,107302,107304,107306,107308],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,107293,83230],{"class":56},[50,107295,61],{"class":60},[50,107297,632],{"class":64},[50,107299,69],{"class":68},[50,107301,72],{"class":64},[50,107303,2554],{"class":68},[50,107305,72],{"class":64},[50,107307,37713],{"class":68},[50,107309,645],{"class":64},[50,107311,107312],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,107313,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,107315,107316,107318,107320,107322,107324,107326,107328,107330,107332,107334],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,107317,89],{"class":56},[50,107319,61],{"class":60},[50,107321,56955],{"class":56},[50,107323,425],{"class":64},[50,107325,106686],{"class":101},[50,107327,98],{"class":64},[50,107329,4839],{"class":101},[50,107331,72],{"class":64},[50,107333,9759],{"class":101},[50,107335,105],{"class":64},[50,107337,107338,107340,107342,107344],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,107339,118],{"class":94},[50,107341,98],{"class":64},[50,107343,123],{"class":101},[50,107345,105],{"class":64},[20,107347,353],{},[41,107349,107350],{"className":43,"code":106890,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,107351,107352],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,107353,107354,107356,107358,107360,107362],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,107355,9357],{"class":64},[50,107357,69],{"class":68},[50,107359,72],{"class":64},[50,107361,2554],{"class":68},[50,107363,645],{"class":64},[20,107365,107366],{},"This is useful when you want to check which items are shared across many groups.",[20,107368,107369],{},"You can also pass other iterables:",[41,107371,107373],{"className":43,"code":107372,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection([2, 4, 6], (1, 2, 4))\nprint(result)\n",[15,107374,107375,107399,107403,107443],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,107376,107377,107379,107381,107383,107385,107387,107389,107391,107393,107395,107397],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,107378,2652],{"class":56},[50,107380,61],{"class":60},[50,107382,632],{"class":64},[50,107384,366],{"class":68},[50,107386,72],{"class":64},[50,107388,80],{"class":68},[50,107390,72],{"class":64},[50,107392,500],{"class":68},[50,107394,72],{"class":64},[50,107396,2554],{"class":68},[50,107398,645],{"class":64},[50,107400,107401],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,107402,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,107404,107405,107407,107409,107411,107413,107415,107417,107419,107421,107423,107425,107427,107429,107431,107433,107435,107437,107439,107441],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,107406,89],{"class":56},[50,107408,61],{"class":60},[50,107410,56955],{"class":56},[50,107412,425],{"class":64},[50,107414,106686],{"class":101},[50,107416,1792],{"class":64},[50,107418,1564],{"class":68},[50,107420,72],{"class":64},[50,107422,2554],{"class":68},[50,107424,72],{"class":64},[50,107426,37713],{"class":68},[50,107428,1860],{"class":64},[50,107430,521],{"class":64},[50,107432,366],{"class":68},[50,107434,72],{"class":64},[50,107436,80],{"class":68},[50,107438,72],{"class":64},[50,107440,2554],{"class":68},[50,107442,478],{"class":64},[50,107444,107445,107447,107449,107451],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,107446,118],{"class":94},[50,107448,98],{"class":64},[50,107450,123],{"class":101},[50,107452,105],{"class":64},[20,107454,353],{},[41,107456,107458],{"className":43,"code":107457,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{2, 4}\n",[15,107459,107460],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,107461,107462,107464,107466,107468,107470],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,107463,9357],{"class":64},[50,107465,1564],{"class":68},[50,107467,72],{"class":64},[50,107469,2554],{"class":68},[50,107471,645],{"class":64},[36,107473,107475,1467,107477],{"id":107474},"intersection-vs-intersection_update",[15,107476,102834],{},[15,107478,107479],{},"intersection_update()",[20,107481,101371],{},[222,107483,107484],{"id":106686},[15,107485,102834],{},[158,107487,107488,107490],{},[161,107489,101380],{},[161,107491,101383],{},[41,107493,107495],{"className":43,"code":107494,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(a)\nprint(result)\n",[15,107496,107497,107517,107537,107541,107559,107563,107573],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,107498,107499,107501,107503,107505,107507,107509,107511,107513,107515],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,107500,2652],{"class":56},[50,107502,61],{"class":60},[50,107504,632],{"class":64},[50,107506,366],{"class":68},[50,107508,72],{"class":64},[50,107510,80],{"class":68},[50,107512,72],{"class":64},[50,107514,500],{"class":68},[50,107516,645],{"class":64},[50,107518,107519,107521,107523,107525,107527,107529,107531,107533,107535],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,107520,2680],{"class":56},[50,107522,61],{"class":60},[50,107524,632],{"class":64},[50,107526,1564],{"class":68},[50,107528,72],{"class":64},[50,107530,500],{"class":68},[50,107532,72],{"class":64},[50,107534,2554],{"class":68},[50,107536,645],{"class":64},[50,107538,107539],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,107540,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,107542,107543,107545,107547,107549,107551,107553,107555,107557],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,107544,89],{"class":56},[50,107546,61],{"class":60},[50,107548,56955],{"class":56},[50,107550,425],{"class":64},[50,107552,106686],{"class":101},[50,107554,98],{"class":64},[50,107556,4839],{"class":101},[50,107558,105],{"class":64},[50,107560,107561],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,107562,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,107564,107565,107567,107569,107571],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,107566,118],{"class":94},[50,107568,98],{"class":64},[50,107570,421],{"class":101},[50,107572,105],{"class":64},[50,107574,107575,107577,107579,107581],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,107576,118],{"class":94},[50,107578,98],{"class":64},[50,107580,123],{"class":101},[50,107582,105],{"class":64},[20,107584,353],{},[41,107586,107588],{"className":43,"code":107587,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n",[15,107589,107590,107606],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,107591,107592,107594,107596,107598,107600,107602,107604],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,107593,9357],{"class":64},[50,107595,366],{"class":68},[50,107597,72],{"class":64},[50,107599,80],{"class":68},[50,107601,72],{"class":64},[50,107603,500],{"class":68},[50,107605,645],{"class":64},[50,107607,107608,107610,107612,107614,107616],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,107609,9357],{"class":64},[50,107611,1564],{"class":68},[50,107613,72],{"class":64},[50,107615,500],{"class":68},[50,107617,645],{"class":64},[222,107619,107621],{"id":107620},"intersection_update",[15,107622,107479],{},[158,107624,107625,107627],{},[161,107626,101523],{},[161,107628,107629],{},"Does not create a separate result set",[41,107631,107633],{"className":43,"code":107632,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\na.intersection_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,107634,107635,107655,107675,107679,107693,107697],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,107636,107637,107639,107641,107643,107645,107647,107649,107651,107653],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,107638,2652],{"class":56},[50,107640,61],{"class":60},[50,107642,632],{"class":64},[50,107644,366],{"class":68},[50,107646,72],{"class":64},[50,107648,80],{"class":68},[50,107650,72],{"class":64},[50,107652,500],{"class":68},[50,107654,645],{"class":64},[50,107656,107657,107659,107661,107663,107665,107667,107669,107671,107673],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,107658,2680],{"class":56},[50,107660,61],{"class":60},[50,107662,632],{"class":64},[50,107664,1564],{"class":68},[50,107666,72],{"class":64},[50,107668,500],{"class":68},[50,107670,72],{"class":64},[50,107672,2554],{"class":68},[50,107674,645],{"class":64},[50,107676,107677],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,107678,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,107680,107681,107683,107685,107687,107689,107691],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,107682,421],{"class":56},[50,107684,425],{"class":64},[50,107686,107620],{"class":101},[50,107688,98],{"class":64},[50,107690,4839],{"class":101},[50,107692,105],{"class":64},[50,107694,107695],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,107696,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,107698,107699,107701,107703,107705],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,107700,118],{"class":94},[50,107702,98],{"class":64},[50,107704,421],{"class":101},[50,107706,105],{"class":64},[20,107708,353],{},[41,107710,107712],{"className":43,"code":107711,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{2, 3}\n",[15,107713,107714],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,107715,107716,107718,107720,107722,107724],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,107717,9357],{"class":64},[50,107719,1564],{"class":68},[50,107721,72],{"class":64},[50,107723,500],{"class":68},[50,107725,645],{"class":64},[20,107727,107728,107729,107731],{},"Choose ",[15,107730,102834],{}," when you want to keep the original data unchanged.",[36,107733,4598],{"id":4597},[20,107735,14806,107736,819],{},[15,107737,102834],{},[158,107739,107740,107743,107746,107749],{},[161,107741,107742],{},"Expecting a list instead of a set",[161,107744,107745],{},"Assuming the output order will match the input order",[161,107747,107748],{},"Forgetting that duplicates are removed in sets",[161,107750,107751,107752],{},"Thinking the original set changes after calling ",[15,107753,102834],{},[20,107755,107756],{},"These are also common causes of confusion:",[158,107758,107759,107764,107767,107780],{},[161,107760,914,107761,107763],{},[15,107762,102834],{}," when order matters",[161,107765,107766],{},"Using sets with duplicate values and expecting duplicates in the result",[161,107768,37273,107769,8784,107771,2976,107776],{},[15,107770,102834],{},[421,107772,107774],{"href":107773},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method",[15,107775,102842],{},[421,107777,107778],{"href":102883},[15,107779,100457],{},[161,107781,107782],{},"Expecting the method to update the original set",[20,107784,30204],{},[41,107786,107788],{"className":43,"code":107787,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(set1.intersection(set2))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,107789,107790,107800,107814,107832],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,107791,107792,107794,107796,107798],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,107793,118],{"class":94},[50,107795,98],{"class":64},[50,107797,15738],{"class":101},[50,107799,105],{"class":64},[50,107801,107802,107804,107806,107808,107810,107812],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,107803,118],{"class":94},[50,107805,98],{"class":64},[50,107807,558],{"class":557},[50,107809,98],{"class":64},[50,107811,123],{"class":101},[50,107813,478],{"class":64},[50,107815,107816,107818,107820,107822,107824,107826,107828,107830],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,107817,118],{"class":94},[50,107819,98],{"class":64},[50,107821,100628],{"class":101},[50,107823,425],{"class":64},[50,107825,106686],{"class":101},[50,107827,98],{"class":64},[50,107829,100637],{"class":101},[50,107831,478],{"class":64},[50,107833,107834,107836,107838,107840,107842,107844],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,107835,118],{"class":94},[50,107837,98],{"class":64},[50,107839,1267],{"class":94},[50,107841,98],{"class":64},[50,107843,123],{"class":101},[50,107845,478],{"class":64},[20,107847,1602],{},[41,107849,107851],{"className":43,"code":107850,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3}\nother = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = numbers.intersection(other)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,107852,107853,107877,107897,107901,107919,107923,107933,107943,107957],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,107854,107855,107857,107859,107861,107863,107865,107867,107869,107871,107873,107875],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,107856,57],{"class":56},[50,107858,61],{"class":60},[50,107860,632],{"class":64},[50,107862,366],{"class":68},[50,107864,72],{"class":64},[50,107866,80],{"class":68},[50,107868,72],{"class":64},[50,107870,80],{"class":68},[50,107872,72],{"class":64},[50,107874,500],{"class":68},[50,107876,645],{"class":64},[50,107878,107879,107881,107883,107885,107887,107889,107891,107893,107895],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,107880,43618],{"class":56},[50,107882,61],{"class":60},[50,107884,632],{"class":64},[50,107886,1564],{"class":68},[50,107888,72],{"class":64},[50,107890,500],{"class":68},[50,107892,72],{"class":64},[50,107894,2554],{"class":68},[50,107896,645],{"class":64},[50,107898,107899],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,107900,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,107902,107903,107905,107907,107909,107911,107913,107915,107917],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,107904,89],{"class":56},[50,107906,61],{"class":60},[50,107908,4341],{"class":56},[50,107910,425],{"class":64},[50,107912,106686],{"class":101},[50,107914,98],{"class":64},[50,107916,30812],{"class":101},[50,107918,105],{"class":64},[50,107920,107921],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,107922,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,107924,107925,107927,107929,107931],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,107926,118],{"class":94},[50,107928,98],{"class":64},[50,107930,102],{"class":101},[50,107932,105],{"class":64},[50,107934,107935,107937,107939,107941],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,107936,118],{"class":94},[50,107938,98],{"class":64},[50,107940,123],{"class":101},[50,107942,105],{"class":64},[50,107944,107945,107947,107949,107951,107953,107955],{"class":52,"line":6503},[50,107946,118],{"class":94},[50,107948,98],{"class":64},[50,107950,558],{"class":557},[50,107952,98],{"class":64},[50,107954,123],{"class":101},[50,107956,478],{"class":64},[50,107958,107959,107961,107963,107965,107967,107969],{"class":52,"line":6509},[50,107960,118],{"class":94},[50,107962,98],{"class":64},[50,107964,1267],{"class":94},[50,107966,98],{"class":64},[50,107968,123],{"class":101},[50,107970,478],{"class":64},[20,107972,353],{},[41,107974,107976],{"className":43,"code":107975,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n2\n",[15,107977,107978,107994,108006,108020],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,107979,107980,107982,107984,107986,107988,107990,107992],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,107981,9357],{"class":64},[50,107983,366],{"class":68},[50,107985,72],{"class":64},[50,107987,80],{"class":68},[50,107989,72],{"class":64},[50,107991,500],{"class":68},[50,107993,645],{"class":64},[50,107995,107996,107998,108000,108002,108004],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,107997,9357],{"class":64},[50,107999,1564],{"class":68},[50,108001,72],{"class":64},[50,108003,500],{"class":68},[50,108005,645],{"class":64},[50,108007,108008,108010,108012,108014,108016,108018],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,108009,597],{"class":60},[50,108011,601],{"class":600},[50,108013,605],{"class":604},[50,108015,617],{"class":608},[50,108017,611],{"class":604},[50,108019,614],{"class":60},[50,108021,108022],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,108023,17128],{"class":68},[20,108025,108026,108027,108029],{},"Notice that the duplicate ",[15,108028,1564],{}," does not appear twice, because sets automatically remove duplicates.",[36,108031,1913],{"id":1912},[222,108033,1917,108035,102782],{"id":108034},"does-intersection-change-the-original-set",[15,108036,102834],{},[20,108038,102785],{},[222,108040,5248,108042,108044],{"id":108041},"can-intersection-be-used-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,108043,102834],{}," be used with more than two sets?",[20,108046,108047],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables, and it keeps only items found in all of them.",[222,108049,108051],{"id":108050},"why-is-the-result-in-a-different-order","Why is the result in a different order?",[20,108053,108054],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so their display order is not guaranteed.",[222,108056,108058],{"id":108057},"what-happens-if-there-are-no-common-items","What happens if there are no common items?",[20,108060,108061],{},"The method returns an empty set:",[41,108063,108064],{"className":43,"code":97501,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,108065,108066],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,108067,108068,108070],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,108069,617],{"class":557},[50,108071,8722],{"class":64},[36,108073,1975],{"id":1974},[158,108075,108076,108080,108087,108093],{},[161,108077,108078],{},[421,108079,96371],{"href":96370},[161,108081,108082],{},[421,108083,13,108084,10816],{"href":107773},[15,108085,108086],{},"set.union()",[161,108088,108089],{},[421,108090,13,108091,10816],{"href":102883},[15,108092,100462],{},[161,108094,108095],{},[421,108096,100387],{"href":105386},[2018,108098,108099],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":108101},[108102,108104,108105,108106,108107,108109,108114,108115,108123],{"id":106715,"depth":86,"text":108103},"What the intersection() method does",{"id":180,"depth":86,"text":181},{"id":17487,"depth":86,"text":17488},{"id":270,"depth":86,"text":271},{"id":107223,"depth":86,"text":108108},"Using intersection() with multiple sets",{"id":107474,"depth":86,"text":108110,"children":108111},"intersection() vs intersection_update()",[108112,108113],{"id":106686,"depth":108,"text":102834},{"id":107620,"depth":108,"text":107479},{"id":4597,"depth":86,"text":4598},{"id":1912,"depth":86,"text":1913,"children":108116},[108117,108119,108121,108122],{"id":108034,"depth":108,"text":108118},"Does intersection() change the original set?",{"id":108041,"depth":108,"text":108120},"Can intersection() be used with more than two sets?",{"id":108050,"depth":108,"text":108051},{"id":108057,"depth":108,"text":108058},{"id":1974,"depth":86,"text":1975},"Master python set intersection method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method",{"title":106608,"description":108124},"reference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method","WdT5ZeMbzzTuqFC6QHuwvJILep4wDplT8MIltw8e0fg",{"id":108131,"title":108132,"body":108133,"description":109369,"extension":2064,"meta":109370,"navigation":111,"path":109371,"seo":109372,"stem":109373,"__hash__":109374},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method.md","Python Set pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":108134,"toc":109336},[108135,108140,108146,108155,108157,108232,108237,108252,108262,108267,108271,108284,108288,108290,108305,108307,108323,108325,108400,108404,108407,108409,108426,108431,108486,108491,108503,108507,108510,108611,108613,108654,108657,108661,108668,108670,108695,108698,108716,108723,108729,108732,108814,108821,108824,108904,108913,108916,108921,108925,108939,108988,108993,108997,109008,109057,109068,109073,109077,109089,109138,109149,109151,109155,109178,109180,109237,109239,109253,109255,109261,109267,109273,109282,109286,109293,109297,109305,109307,109333],[10,108136,96243,108138,11397],{"id":108137},"python-set-pop-method",[15,108139,12836],{},[20,108141,108142,108145],{},[15,108143,108144],{},"set.pop()"," removes and returns one item from a set.",[20,108147,108148,108149,108151,108152,108154],{},"This method is useful when you want to take out any item, but you do ",[3824,108150,4709],{}," care which one. That is important because sets are unordered, so ",[15,108153,12836],{}," does not remove an item by position.",[36,108156,2105],{"id":2104},[41,108158,108160],{"className":43,"code":108159,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nremoved = items.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(items)\n",[15,108161,108162,108194,108208,108212,108222],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,108163,108164,108166,108168,108170,108172,108174,108176,108178,108180,108182,108184,108186,108188,108190,108192],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,108165,7859],{"class":56},[50,108167,61],{"class":60},[50,108169,632],{"class":64},[50,108171,811],{"class":604},[50,108173,1049],{"class":608},[50,108175,811],{"class":604},[50,108177,72],{"class":64},[50,108179,700],{"class":604},[50,108181,1058],{"class":608},[50,108183,811],{"class":604},[50,108185,72],{"class":64},[50,108187,700],{"class":604},[50,108189,1067],{"class":608},[50,108191,811],{"class":604},[50,108193,645],{"class":64},[50,108195,108196,108198,108200,108202,108204,108206],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,108197,69995],{"class":56},[50,108199,61],{"class":60},[50,108201,6043],{"class":56},[50,108203,425],{"class":64},[50,108205,26310],{"class":101},[50,108207,8722],{"class":64},[50,108209,108210],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,108211,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,108213,108214,108216,108218,108220],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,108215,118],{"class":94},[50,108217,98],{"class":64},[50,108219,70018],{"class":101},[50,108221,105],{"class":64},[50,108223,108224,108226,108228,108230],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,108225,118],{"class":94},[50,108227,98],{"class":64},[50,108229,7888],{"class":101},[50,108231,105],{"class":64},[20,108233,108234],{},[3824,108235,108236],{},"What this does:",[158,108238,108239,108244,108249],{},[161,108240,108241,108242],{},"Removes one item from ",[15,108243,7888],{},[161,108245,108246,108247],{},"Stores that removed item in ",[15,108248,70018],{},[161,108250,108251],{},"Prints the removed item and the updated set",[20,108253,108254,89005,108256,108258,108259,108261],{},[3824,108255,83864],{},[15,108257,108144],{}," removes and returns one item from the set. The removed item is ",[3824,108260,4709],{}," chosen by index.",[36,108263,153,108265,156],{"id":108264},"what-setpop-does",[15,108266,108144],{},[20,108268,108269,819],{},[15,108270,108144],{},[158,108272,108273,108275,108278,108281],{},[161,108274,103085],{},[161,108276,108277],{},"Returns the removed item",[161,108279,108280],{},"Works only on non-empty sets",[161,108282,108283],{},"Does not take an index or value argument",[20,108285,96367,108286,425],{},[421,108287,96371],{"href":97542},[36,108289,181],{"id":180},[41,108291,108293],{"className":43,"code":108292,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_set.pop()\n",[15,108294,108295],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,108296,108297,108299,108301,108303],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,108298,15738],{"class":56},[50,108300,425],{"class":64},[50,108302,26310],{"class":101},[50,108304,8722],{"class":64},[20,108306,13125],{},[158,108308,108309,108315,108320],{},[161,108310,108311,108312],{},"The syntax is ",[15,108313,108314],{},"my_set.pop()",[161,108316,108317,108318],{},"It takes ",[3824,108319,28758],{},[161,108321,108322],{},"If you need the removed item, save the return value in a variable",[20,108324,1602],{},[41,108326,108328],{"className":43,"code":108327,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nitem = colors.pop()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,108329,108330,108362,108376,108380,108390],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,108331,108332,108334,108336,108338,108340,108342,108344,108346,108348,108350,108352,108354,108356,108358,108360],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,108333,13149],{"class":56},[50,108335,61],{"class":60},[50,108337,632],{"class":64},[50,108339,811],{"class":604},[50,108341,13166],{"class":608},[50,108343,811],{"class":604},[50,108345,72],{"class":64},[50,108347,700],{"class":604},[50,108349,13183],{"class":608},[50,108351,811],{"class":604},[50,108353,72],{"class":64},[50,108355,700],{"class":604},[50,108357,17525],{"class":608},[50,108359,811],{"class":604},[50,108361,645],{"class":64},[50,108363,108364,108366,108368,108370,108372,108374],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,108365,28608],{"class":56},[50,108367,61],{"class":60},[50,108369,13197],{"class":56},[50,108371,425],{"class":64},[50,108373,26310],{"class":101},[50,108375,8722],{"class":64},[50,108377,108378],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,108379,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,108381,108382,108384,108386,108388],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,108383,118],{"class":94},[50,108385,98],{"class":64},[50,108387,23379],{"class":101},[50,108389,105],{"class":64},[50,108391,108392,108394,108396,108398],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,108393,118],{"class":94},[50,108395,98],{"class":64},[50,108397,17572],{"class":101},[50,108399,105],{"class":64},[36,108401,108403],{"id":108402},"important-behavior-to-understand","Important behavior to understand",[20,108405,108406],{},"Sets are unordered collections.",[20,108408,2207],{},[158,108410,108411,108417,108420],{},[161,108412,108413,108414,108416],{},"You cannot choose which item ",[15,108415,12836],{}," removes",[161,108418,108419],{},"The removed item may seem different across runs",[161,108421,108422,108423,108425],{},"You should not use ",[15,108424,12836],{}," when you need to remove a specific value",[20,108427,10538,108428,108430],{},[3824,108429,4709],{}," valid:",[41,108432,108434],{"className":43,"code":108433,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nfruits.pop(\"apple\")\n",[15,108435,108436,108468],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,108437,108438,108440,108442,108444,108446,108448,108450,108452,108454,108456,108458,108460,108462,108464,108466],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,108439,36307],{"class":56},[50,108441,61],{"class":60},[50,108443,632],{"class":64},[50,108445,811],{"class":604},[50,108447,1049],{"class":608},[50,108449,811],{"class":604},[50,108451,72],{"class":64},[50,108453,700],{"class":604},[50,108455,1058],{"class":608},[50,108457,811],{"class":604},[50,108459,72],{"class":64},[50,108461,700],{"class":604},[50,108463,1067],{"class":608},[50,108465,811],{"class":604},[50,108467,645],{"class":64},[50,108469,108470,108472,108474,108476,108478,108480,108482,108484],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,108471,36359],{"class":56},[50,108473,425],{"class":64},[50,108475,26310],{"class":101},[50,108477,98],{"class":64},[50,108479,811],{"class":604},[50,108481,1049],{"class":608},[50,108483,811],{"class":604},[50,108485,105],{"class":64},[20,108487,39722,108488,108490],{},[15,108489,108144],{}," does not accept a value.",[20,108492,108493,108494,2976,108498,425],{},"If you want to remove a specific item, use ",[421,108495,108496],{"href":98252},[15,108497,102911],{},[421,108499,108501],{"href":108500},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method\u002F",[15,108502,102902],{},[36,108504,108506],{"id":108505},"example-remove-one-item","Example: remove one item",[20,108508,108509],{},"Here is a simple example:",[41,108511,108513],{"className":43,"code":108512,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"animals = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"rabbit\"}\n\nremoved_animal = animals.pop()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_animal)\nprint(\"Updated set:\", animals)\n",[15,108514,108515,108549,108553,108569,108573,108592],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,108516,108517,108520,108522,108524,108526,108528,108530,108532,108534,108536,108538,108540,108542,108545,108547],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,108518,108519],{"class":56},"animals ",[50,108521,61],{"class":60},[50,108523,632],{"class":64},[50,108525,811],{"class":604},[50,108527,37116],{"class":608},[50,108529,811],{"class":604},[50,108531,72],{"class":64},[50,108533,700],{"class":604},[50,108535,58194],{"class":608},[50,108537,811],{"class":604},[50,108539,72],{"class":64},[50,108541,700],{"class":604},[50,108543,108544],{"class":608},"rabbit",[50,108546,811],{"class":604},[50,108548,645],{"class":64},[50,108550,108551],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,108552,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,108554,108555,108558,108560,108563,108565,108567],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,108556,108557],{"class":56},"removed_animal ",[50,108559,61],{"class":60},[50,108561,108562],{"class":56}," animals",[50,108564,425],{"class":64},[50,108566,26310],{"class":101},[50,108568,8722],{"class":64},[50,108570,108571],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,108572,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,108574,108575,108577,108579,108581,108583,108585,108587,108590],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,108576,118],{"class":94},[50,108578,98],{"class":64},[50,108580,811],{"class":604},[50,108582,29026],{"class":608},[50,108584,811],{"class":604},[50,108586,72],{"class":64},[50,108588,108589],{"class":101}," removed_animal",[50,108591,105],{"class":64},[50,108593,108594,108596,108598,108600,108603,108605,108607,108609],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,108595,118],{"class":94},[50,108597,98],{"class":64},[50,108599,811],{"class":604},[50,108601,108602],{"class":608},"Updated set:",[50,108604,811],{"class":604},[50,108606,72],{"class":64},[50,108608,108562],{"class":101},[50,108610,105],{"class":64},[20,108612,30098],{},[41,108614,108616],{"className":43,"code":108615,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Removed: dog\nUpdated set: {'cat', 'rabbit'}\n",[15,108617,108618,108627],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,108619,108620,108622,108624],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,108621,29068],{"class":56},[50,108623,819],{"class":64},[50,108625,108626],{"class":56}," dog\n",[50,108628,108629,108632,108634,108636,108638,108640,108642,108644,108646,108648,108650,108652],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,108630,108631],{"class":56},"Updated ",[50,108633,617],{"class":557},[50,108635,819],{"class":64},[50,108637,632],{"class":64},[50,108639,611],{"class":604},[50,108641,37116],{"class":608},[50,108643,611],{"class":604},[50,108645,72],{"class":64},[50,108647,605],{"class":604},[50,108649,108544],{"class":608},[50,108651,611],{"class":604},[50,108653,645],{"class":64},[20,108655,108656],{},"Your output may be different because sets do not guarantee order.",[36,108658,108660],{"id":108659},"what-happens-with-an-empty-set","What happens with an empty set",[20,108662,1767,108663,108665,108666,425],{},[15,108664,12836],{}," on an empty set raises a ",[15,108667,19757],{},[20,108669,1602],{},[41,108671,108673],{"className":43,"code":108672,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = set()\nitems.pop()\n",[15,108674,108675,108685],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,108676,108677,108679,108681,108683],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,108678,7859],{"class":56},[50,108680,61],{"class":60},[50,108682,15705],{"class":557},[50,108684,8722],{"class":64},[50,108686,108687,108689,108691,108693],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,108688,7888],{"class":56},[50,108690,425],{"class":64},[50,108692,26310],{"class":101},[50,108694,8722],{"class":64},[20,108696,108697],{},"This raises:",[41,108699,108701],{"className":43,"code":108700,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"KeyError: 'pop from an empty set'\n",[15,108702,108703],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,108704,108705,108707,108709,108711,108714],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,108706,19757],{"class":557},[50,108708,819],{"class":64},[50,108710,605],{"class":604},[50,108712,108713],{"class":608},"pop from an empty set",[50,108715,29768],{"class":604},[20,108717,108718,108719,108722],{},"If needed, you can learn more about this kind of problem on the ",[421,108720,108721],{"href":11150},"KeyError in Python causes and fixes"," page.",[222,108724,108726,108727],{"id":108725},"check-before-calling-pop","Check before calling ",[15,108728,12836],{},[20,108730,108731],{},"A simple way to avoid the error is to check whether the set has items:",[41,108733,108735],{"className":43,"code":108734,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = set()\n\nif items:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nelse:\n    print(\"The set is empty.\")\n",[15,108736,108737,108747,108751,108759,108774,108793,108799],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,108738,108739,108741,108743,108745],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,108740,7859],{"class":56},[50,108742,61],{"class":60},[50,108744,15705],{"class":557},[50,108746,8722],{"class":64},[50,108748,108749],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,108750,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,108752,108753,108755,108757],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,108754,7076],{"class":3957},[50,108756,6043],{"class":56},[50,108758,6470],{"class":64},[50,108760,108761,108764,108766,108768,108770,108772],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,108762,108763],{"class":56},"    removed ",[50,108765,61],{"class":60},[50,108767,6043],{"class":56},[50,108769,425],{"class":64},[50,108771,26310],{"class":101},[50,108773,8722],{"class":64},[50,108775,108776,108778,108780,108782,108784,108786,108788,108791],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,108777,8148],{"class":94},[50,108779,98],{"class":64},[50,108781,811],{"class":604},[50,108783,29026],{"class":608},[50,108785,811],{"class":604},[50,108787,72],{"class":64},[50,108789,108790],{"class":101}," removed",[50,108792,105],{"class":64},[50,108794,108795,108797],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,108796,27503],{"class":3957},[50,108798,6470],{"class":64},[50,108800,108801,108803,108805,108807,108810,108812],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,108802,8148],{"class":94},[50,108804,98],{"class":64},[50,108806,811],{"class":604},[50,108808,108809],{"class":608},"The set is empty.",[50,108811,811],{"class":604},[50,108813,105],{"class":64},[222,108815,920,108817,4472,108819],{"id":108816},"use-try-and-except",[15,108818,29872],{},[15,108820,29903],{},[20,108822,108823],{},"You can also handle the error directly:",[41,108825,108827],{"className":43,"code":108826,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = set()\n\ntry:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot pop from an empty set.\")\n",[15,108828,108829,108839,108843,108849,108863,108881,108889],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,108830,108831,108833,108835,108837],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,108832,7859],{"class":56},[50,108834,61],{"class":60},[50,108836,15705],{"class":557},[50,108838,8722],{"class":64},[50,108840,108841],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,108842,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,108844,108845,108847],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,108846,29872],{"class":3957},[50,108848,6470],{"class":64},[50,108850,108851,108853,108855,108857,108859,108861],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,108852,108763],{"class":56},[50,108854,61],{"class":60},[50,108856,6043],{"class":56},[50,108858,425],{"class":64},[50,108860,26310],{"class":101},[50,108862,8722],{"class":64},[50,108864,108865,108867,108869,108871,108873,108875,108877,108879],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,108866,8148],{"class":94},[50,108868,98],{"class":64},[50,108870,811],{"class":604},[50,108872,29026],{"class":608},[50,108874,811],{"class":604},[50,108876,72],{"class":64},[50,108878,108790],{"class":101},[50,108880,105],{"class":64},[50,108882,108883,108885,108887],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,108884,29903],{"class":3957},[50,108886,29906],{"class":557},[50,108888,6470],{"class":64},[50,108890,108891,108893,108895,108897,108900,108902],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,108892,8148],{"class":94},[50,108894,98],{"class":64},[50,108896,811],{"class":604},[50,108898,108899],{"class":608},"Cannot pop from an empty set.",[50,108901,811],{"class":604},[50,108903,105],{"class":64},[36,108905,5040,108907,1467,108909,1467,108911],{"id":108906},"when-to-use-pop-vs-remove-vs-discard",[15,108908,12836],{},[15,108910,55597],{},[15,108912,102897],{},[20,108914,108915],{},"These three methods all remove items from a set, but they are used in different situations.",[222,108917,920,108919],{"id":108918},"use-pop",[15,108920,12836],{},[20,108922,920,108923,1504],{},[15,108924,12836],{},[158,108926,108927,108933,108936],{},[161,108928,108929,108930],{},"You want to remove ",[3824,108931,108932],{},"any one item",[161,108934,108935],{},"You do not care which item is removed",[161,108937,108938],{},"You want the removed item returned",[41,108940,108942],{"className":43,"code":108941,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nvalue = numbers.pop()\nprint(value)\n",[15,108943,108944,108964,108978],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,108945,108946,108948,108950,108952,108954,108956,108958,108960,108962],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,108947,57],{"class":56},[50,108949,61],{"class":60},[50,108951,632],{"class":64},[50,108953,366],{"class":68},[50,108955,72],{"class":64},[50,108957,80],{"class":68},[50,108959,72],{"class":64},[50,108961,500],{"class":68},[50,108963,645],{"class":64},[50,108965,108966,108968,108970,108972,108974,108976],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,108967,2544],{"class":56},[50,108969,61],{"class":60},[50,108971,4341],{"class":56},[50,108973,425],{"class":64},[50,108975,26310],{"class":101},[50,108977,8722],{"class":64},[50,108979,108980,108982,108984,108986],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,108981,118],{"class":94},[50,108983,98],{"class":64},[50,108985,2570],{"class":101},[50,108987,105],{"class":64},[222,108989,920,108991],{"id":108990},"use-remove",[15,108992,55597],{},[20,108994,920,108995,1504],{},[15,108996,55597],{},[158,108998,108999,109005],{},[161,109000,109001,109002],{},"You want to delete a ",[3824,109003,109004],{},"specific item",[161,109006,109007],{},"You expect that item to be in the set",[41,109009,109011],{"className":43,"code":109010,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.remove(2)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,109012,109013,109033,109047],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,109014,109015,109017,109019,109021,109023,109025,109027,109029,109031],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,109016,57],{"class":56},[50,109018,61],{"class":60},[50,109020,632],{"class":64},[50,109022,366],{"class":68},[50,109024,72],{"class":64},[50,109026,80],{"class":68},[50,109028,72],{"class":64},[50,109030,500],{"class":68},[50,109032,645],{"class":64},[50,109034,109035,109037,109039,109041,109043,109045],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,109036,102],{"class":56},[50,109038,425],{"class":64},[50,109040,34864],{"class":101},[50,109042,98],{"class":64},[50,109044,1564],{"class":68},[50,109046,105],{"class":64},[50,109048,109049,109051,109053,109055],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,109050,118],{"class":94},[50,109052,98],{"class":64},[50,109054,102],{"class":101},[50,109056,105],{"class":64},[20,109058,109059,109060,109062,109063,109067],{},"If the item is missing, ",[15,109061,55597],{}," raises an error. See the ",[421,109064,109065,10816],{"href":98252},[15,109066,102911],{}," for details.",[222,109069,920,109071],{"id":109070},"use-discard",[15,109072,102897],{},[20,109074,920,109075,1504],{},[15,109076,102897],{},[158,109078,109079,109083],{},[161,109080,109001,109081],{},[3824,109082,109004],{},[161,109084,109085,109086,109088],{},"You do ",[3824,109087,4709],{}," want an error if the item is missing",[41,109090,109092],{"className":43,"code":109091,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(5)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,109093,109094,109114,109128],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,109095,109096,109098,109100,109102,109104,109106,109108,109110,109112],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,109097,57],{"class":56},[50,109099,61],{"class":60},[50,109101,632],{"class":64},[50,109103,366],{"class":68},[50,109105,72],{"class":64},[50,109107,80],{"class":68},[50,109109,72],{"class":64},[50,109111,500],{"class":68},[50,109113,645],{"class":64},[50,109115,109116,109118,109120,109122,109124,109126],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,109117,102],{"class":56},[50,109119,425],{"class":64},[50,109121,102964],{"class":101},[50,109123,98],{"class":64},[50,109125,290],{"class":68},[50,109127,105],{"class":64},[50,109129,109130,109132,109134,109136],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,109131,118],{"class":94},[50,109133,98],{"class":64},[50,109135,102],{"class":101},[50,109137,105],{"class":64},[20,109139,109140,109141,109143,109144,109148],{},"This does nothing if ",[15,109142,290],{}," is not in the set. See the ",[421,109145,109146,10816],{"href":108500},[15,109147,102902],{}," for more examples.",[36,109150,1743],{"id":1742},[20,109152,71541,109153,819],{},[15,109154,108144],{},[158,109156,109157,109163,109168,109173],{},[161,109158,109159,109160],{},"Trying to pass a value like ",[15,109161,109162],{},"my_set.pop(\"apple\")",[161,109164,8532,109165,109167],{},[15,109166,12836],{}," to remove the first or last item",[161,109169,1767,109170,109172],{},[15,109171,12836],{}," on an empty set",[161,109174,914,109175,109177],{},[15,109176,12836],{}," when you need to remove a specific item",[20,109179,62359],{},[41,109181,109183],{"className":43,"code":109182,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint(type(my_set))\nitem = my_set.pop()\n",[15,109184,109185,109195,109209,109223],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,109186,109187,109189,109191,109193],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,109188,118],{"class":94},[50,109190,98],{"class":64},[50,109192,15738],{"class":101},[50,109194,105],{"class":64},[50,109196,109197,109199,109201,109203,109205,109207],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,109198,118],{"class":94},[50,109200,98],{"class":64},[50,109202,1267],{"class":94},[50,109204,98],{"class":64},[50,109206,15738],{"class":101},[50,109208,478],{"class":64},[50,109210,109211,109213,109215,109217,109219,109221],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,109212,118],{"class":94},[50,109214,98],{"class":64},[50,109216,558],{"class":557},[50,109218,98],{"class":64},[50,109220,15738],{"class":101},[50,109222,478],{"class":64},[50,109224,109225,109227,109229,109231,109233,109235],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,109226,28608],{"class":56},[50,109228,61],{"class":60},[50,109230,96967],{"class":56},[50,109232,425],{"class":64},[50,109234,26310],{"class":101},[50,109236,8722],{"class":64},[20,109238,26077],{},[158,109240,109241,109244,109247,109250],{},[161,109242,109243],{},"What values are in the set",[161,109245,109246],{},"Whether the set is empty",[161,109248,109249],{},"That the object is really a set",[161,109251,109252],{},"What value was actually removed",[36,109254,1913],{"id":1912},[222,109256,1917,109258,109260],{"id":109257},"does-setpop-remove-the-first-item",[15,109259,108144],{}," remove the first item?",[20,109262,109263,109264,109266],{},"No. Sets do not keep order in the way lists do, so ",[15,109265,12836],{}," removes an arbitrary item.",[222,109268,109270,109271,1943],{"id":109269},"can-i-use-an-index-with-setpop","Can I use an index with ",[15,109272,108144],{},[20,109274,109275,109276,109278,109279,109281],{},"No. Unlike list ",[15,109277,12836],{},", set ",[15,109280,12836],{}," does not accept an index.",[222,109283,109285],{"id":109284},"what-error-happens-if-the-set-is-empty","What error happens if the set is empty?",[20,109287,71710,109288,44699,109290,109292],{},[15,109289,19757],{},[15,109291,12836],{}," is called on an empty set.",[222,109294,109296],{"id":109295},"how-do-i-remove-a-specific-item-from-a-set","How do I remove a specific item from a set?",[20,109298,920,109299,2976,109301,1940,109303,425],{},[15,109300,55597],{},[15,109302,102897],{},[15,109304,12836],{},[36,109306,1975],{"id":1974},[158,109308,109309,109313,109319,109325,109329],{},[161,109310,109311],{},[421,109312,96371],{"href":97542},[161,109314,109315],{},[421,109316,96857,109317,10816],{"href":98252},[15,109318,55597],{},[161,109320,109321],{},[421,109322,96857,109323,10816],{"href":108500},[15,109324,102897],{},[161,109326,109327],{},[421,109328,11337],{"href":11150},[161,109330,109331],{},[421,109332,55583],{"href":55136},[2018,109334,109335],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":109337},[109338,109339,109341,109342,109343,109344,109350,109359,109360,109368],{"id":2104,"depth":86,"text":2105},{"id":108264,"depth":86,"text":109340},"What set.pop() does",{"id":180,"depth":86,"text":181},{"id":108402,"depth":86,"text":108403},{"id":108505,"depth":86,"text":108506},{"id":108659,"depth":86,"text":108660,"children":109345},[109346,109348],{"id":108725,"depth":108,"text":109347},"Check before calling pop()",{"id":108816,"depth":108,"text":109349},"Use try and except",{"id":108906,"depth":86,"text":109351,"children":109352},"When to use pop() vs remove() vs discard()",[109353,109355,109357],{"id":108918,"depth":108,"text":109354},"Use pop()",{"id":108990,"depth":108,"text":109356},"Use remove()",{"id":109070,"depth":108,"text":109358},"Use discard()",{"id":1742,"depth":86,"text":1743},{"id":1912,"depth":86,"text":1913,"children":109361},[109362,109364,109366,109367],{"id":109257,"depth":108,"text":109363},"Does set.pop() remove the first item?",{"id":109269,"depth":108,"text":109365},"Can I use an index with set.pop()?",{"id":109284,"depth":108,"text":109285},{"id":109295,"depth":108,"text":109296},{"id":1974,"depth":86,"text":1975},"Master python set pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method",{"title":108132,"description":109369},"reference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method","HnjrB6euDyN20pcN7QQuCb2VArpBGb8ME-qhQl7T8YY",{"id":109376,"title":109377,"body":109378,"description":110532,"extension":2064,"meta":110533,"navigation":111,"path":110534,"seo":110535,"stem":110536,"__hash__":110537},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method.md","Python Set remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":109379,"toc":110500},[109380,109385,109390,109399,109401,109466,109470,109494,109501,109506,109510,109525,109528,109530,109549,109563,109566,109614,109618,109634,109636,109709,109713,109738,109744,109752,109756,109763,109818,109823,109840,109846,109852,109857,109865,109872,109876,109884,109939,109941,109958,109962,109969,110034,110038,110071,110073,110085,110092,110094,110099,110106,110108,110177,110181,110189,110191,110255,110259,110264,110311,110316,110384,110392,110399,110402,110408,110413,110417,110419,110422,110424,110429,110434,110440,110445,110452,110460,110466,110469,110471,110497],[10,109381,96243,109383,11397],{"id":109382},"python-set-remove-method",[15,109384,55597],{},[20,109386,109387,109389],{},[15,109388,102911],{}," deletes one specific value from a set.",[20,109391,109392,109393,109396,109397,425],{},"Use it when you want to remove an item ",[3824,109394,109395],{},"and you expect that item to be present",". If the item is missing, Python raises a ",[15,109398,19757],{},[36,109400,2105],{"id":2104},[41,109402,109404],{"className":43,"code":109403,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,109405,109406,109438,109456],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,109407,109408,109410,109412,109414,109416,109418,109420,109422,109424,109426,109428,109430,109432,109434,109436],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,109409,13149],{"class":56},[50,109411,61],{"class":60},[50,109413,632],{"class":64},[50,109415,811],{"class":604},[50,109417,13166],{"class":608},[50,109419,811],{"class":604},[50,109421,72],{"class":64},[50,109423,700],{"class":604},[50,109425,13183],{"class":608},[50,109427,811],{"class":604},[50,109429,72],{"class":64},[50,109431,700],{"class":604},[50,109433,17525],{"class":608},[50,109435,811],{"class":604},[50,109437,645],{"class":64},[50,109439,109440,109442,109444,109446,109448,109450,109452,109454],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,109441,17572],{"class":56},[50,109443,425],{"class":64},[50,109445,34864],{"class":101},[50,109447,98],{"class":64},[50,109449,811],{"class":604},[50,109451,13183],{"class":608},[50,109453,811],{"class":604},[50,109455,105],{"class":64},[50,109457,109458,109460,109462,109464],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,109459,118],{"class":94},[50,109461,98],{"class":64},[50,109463,17572],{"class":101},[50,109465,105],{"class":64},[20,109467,109468],{},[3824,109469,30098],{},[41,109471,109472],{"className":43,"code":103591,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,109473,109474],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,109475,109476,109478,109480,109482,109484,109486,109488,109490,109492],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,109477,9357],{"class":64},[50,109479,611],{"class":604},[50,109481,13166],{"class":608},[50,109483,611],{"class":604},[50,109485,72],{"class":64},[50,109487,605],{"class":604},[50,109489,17525],{"class":608},[50,109491,611],{"class":604},[50,109493,645],{"class":64},[20,109495,920,109496,109498,109499,425],{},[15,109497,55597],{}," to delete a value from a set. If the value is not in the set, Python raises a ",[15,109500,19757],{},[36,109502,153,109504,156],{"id":109503},"what-setremove-does",[15,109505,102911],{},[20,109507,109508,819],{},[15,109509,102911],{},[158,109511,109512,109515,109517,109519],{},[161,109513,109514],{},"Removes one specific value from a set",[161,109516,96358],{},[161,109518,96361],{},[161,109520,109521,109522,109524],{},"Raises ",[15,109523,19757],{}," if the value is missing",[20,109526,109527],{},"This means the set itself is updated. You do not need to assign the result to a new variable.",[36,109529,181],{"id":180},[41,109531,109533],{"className":43,"code":109532,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_set.remove(value)\n",[15,109534,109535],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,109536,109537,109539,109541,109543,109545,109547],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,109538,15738],{"class":56},[50,109540,425],{"class":64},[50,109542,34864],{"class":101},[50,109544,98],{"class":64},[50,109546,2570],{"class":101},[50,109548,105],{"class":64},[158,109550,109551,109555,109560],{},[161,109552,109553,103133],{},[15,109554,15738],{},[161,109556,109557,109559],{},[15,109558,2570],{}," is the item to remove",[161,109561,109562],{},"Use this method when you expect the item to exist",[20,109564,109565],{},"Here is a small example:",[41,109567,109568],{"className":43,"code":109010,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,109569,109570,109590,109604],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,109571,109572,109574,109576,109578,109580,109582,109584,109586,109588],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,109573,57],{"class":56},[50,109575,61],{"class":60},[50,109577,632],{"class":64},[50,109579,366],{"class":68},[50,109581,72],{"class":64},[50,109583,80],{"class":68},[50,109585,72],{"class":64},[50,109587,500],{"class":68},[50,109589,645],{"class":64},[50,109591,109592,109594,109596,109598,109600,109602],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,109593,102],{"class":56},[50,109595,425],{"class":64},[50,109597,34864],{"class":101},[50,109599,98],{"class":64},[50,109601,1564],{"class":68},[50,109603,105],{"class":64},[50,109605,109606,109608,109610,109612],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,109607,118],{"class":94},[50,109609,98],{"class":64},[50,109611,102],{"class":101},[50,109613,105],{"class":64},[20,109615,109616],{},[3824,109617,30098],{},[41,109619,109620],{"className":43,"code":101341,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,109621,109622],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,109623,109624,109626,109628,109630,109632],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,109625,9357],{"class":64},[50,109627,366],{"class":68},[50,109629,72],{"class":64},[50,109631,500],{"class":68},[50,109633,645],{"class":64},[36,109635,271],{"id":270},[41,109637,109639],{"className":43,"code":109638,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.remove(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,109640,109641,109673,109677,109695,109699],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,109642,109643,109645,109647,109649,109651,109653,109655,109657,109659,109661,109663,109665,109667,109669,109671],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,109644,36307],{"class":56},[50,109646,61],{"class":60},[50,109648,632],{"class":64},[50,109650,811],{"class":604},[50,109652,1049],{"class":608},[50,109654,811],{"class":604},[50,109656,72],{"class":64},[50,109658,700],{"class":604},[50,109660,1058],{"class":608},[50,109662,811],{"class":604},[50,109664,72],{"class":64},[50,109666,700],{"class":604},[50,109668,33291],{"class":608},[50,109670,811],{"class":604},[50,109672,645],{"class":64},[50,109674,109675],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,109676,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,109678,109679,109681,109683,109685,109687,109689,109691,109693],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,109680,36359],{"class":56},[50,109682,425],{"class":64},[50,109684,34864],{"class":101},[50,109686,98],{"class":64},[50,109688,811],{"class":604},[50,109690,1058],{"class":608},[50,109692,811],{"class":604},[50,109694,105],{"class":64},[50,109696,109697],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,109698,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,109700,109701,109703,109705,109707],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,109702,118],{"class":94},[50,109704,98],{"class":64},[50,109706,36359],{"class":101},[50,109708,105],{"class":64},[20,109710,109711],{},[3824,109712,30098],{},[41,109714,109716],{"className":43,"code":109715,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,109717,109718],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,109719,109720,109722,109724,109726,109728,109730,109732,109734,109736],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,109721,9357],{"class":64},[50,109723,611],{"class":604},[50,109725,1049],{"class":608},[50,109727,611],{"class":604},[50,109729,72],{"class":64},[50,109731,605],{"class":604},[50,109733,33291],{"class":608},[50,109735,611],{"class":604},[50,109737,645],{"class":64},[20,109739,109740,109741,109743],{},"This removes ",[15,109742,65335],{}," from the set.",[20,109745,109746,109747,109749,109750,425],{},"A set does ",[3824,109748,4709],{}," keep items in a fixed order, so your printed output may appear in a different order. If you are new to sets, see ",[421,109751,96375],{"href":97926},[36,109753,109755],{"id":109754},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-found","What happens if the item is not found",[20,109757,109758,109759,52564,109761,425],{},"If the value is not in the set, ",[15,109760,55597],{},[15,109762,19757],{},[41,109764,109766],{"className":43,"code":109765,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"yellow\")\n",[15,109767,109768,109800],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,109769,109770,109772,109774,109776,109778,109780,109782,109784,109786,109788,109790,109792,109794,109796,109798],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,109771,13149],{"class":56},[50,109773,61],{"class":60},[50,109775,632],{"class":64},[50,109777,811],{"class":604},[50,109779,13166],{"class":608},[50,109781,811],{"class":604},[50,109783,72],{"class":64},[50,109785,700],{"class":604},[50,109787,13183],{"class":608},[50,109789,811],{"class":604},[50,109791,72],{"class":64},[50,109793,700],{"class":604},[50,109795,17525],{"class":608},[50,109797,811],{"class":604},[50,109799,645],{"class":64},[50,109801,109802,109804,109806,109808,109810,109812,109814,109816],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,109803,17572],{"class":56},[50,109805,425],{"class":64},[50,109807,34864],{"class":101},[50,109809,98],{"class":64},[50,109811,811],{"class":604},[50,109813,22593],{"class":608},[50,109815,811],{"class":604},[50,109817,105],{"class":64},[20,109819,109820],{},[3824,109821,109822],{},"Result:",[41,109824,109826],{"className":43,"code":109825,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"KeyError: 'yellow'\n",[15,109827,109828],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,109829,109830,109832,109834,109836,109838],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,109831,19757],{"class":557},[50,109833,819],{"class":64},[50,109835,605],{"class":604},[50,109837,22593],{"class":608},[50,109839,29768],{"class":604},[20,109841,22258,109842,109845],{},[15,109843,109844],{},"\"yellow\""," is not in the set.",[20,109847,109848,109849,109851],{},"This behavior is useful when a missing value should be treated as a real problem. For example, if your program assumes the item must be there, ",[15,109850,55597],{}," helps you notice the mistake immediately.",[20,109853,109854,109855,425],{},"If your code is failing with this error, see ",[421,109856,11337],{"href":11150},[36,109858,4276,109860,109862,109863],{"id":109859},"how-remove-is-different-from-discard",[15,109861,55597],{}," is different from ",[15,109864,102897],{},[20,109866,109867,4472,109869,109871],{},[15,109868,55597],{},[15,109870,102897],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the item is missing.",[222,109873,109874],{"id":34864},[15,109875,55597],{},[158,109877,109878,109881],{},[161,109879,109880],{},"Removes the item if it exists",[161,109882,109883],{},"Raises an error if the item is missing",[41,109885,109887],{"className":43,"code":109886,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.remove(\"d\")\n",[15,109888,109889,109921],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,109890,109891,109893,109895,109897,109899,109901,109903,109905,109907,109909,109911,109913,109915,109917,109919],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,109892,36160],{"class":56},[50,109894,61],{"class":60},[50,109896,632],{"class":64},[50,109898,811],{"class":604},[50,109900,421],{"class":608},[50,109902,811],{"class":604},[50,109904,72],{"class":64},[50,109906,700],{"class":604},[50,109908,4839],{"class":608},[50,109910,811],{"class":604},[50,109912,72],{"class":64},[50,109914,700],{"class":604},[50,109916,9817],{"class":608},[50,109918,811],{"class":604},[50,109920,645],{"class":64},[50,109922,109923,109925,109927,109929,109931,109933,109935,109937],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,109924,36213],{"class":56},[50,109926,425],{"class":64},[50,109928,34864],{"class":101},[50,109930,98],{"class":64},[50,109932,811],{"class":604},[50,109934,18837],{"class":608},[50,109936,811],{"class":604},[50,109938,105],{"class":64},[20,109940,108697],{},[41,109942,109944],{"className":43,"code":109943,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"KeyError: 'd'\n",[15,109945,109946],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,109947,109948,109950,109952,109954,109956],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,109949,19757],{"class":557},[50,109951,819],{"class":64},[50,109953,605],{"class":604},[50,109955,18837],{"class":608},[50,109957,29768],{"class":604},[222,109959,109960],{"id":102964},[15,109961,102897],{},[158,109963,109964,109966],{},[161,109965,109880],{},[161,109967,109968],{},"Does nothing if the item is missing",[41,109970,109972],{"className":43,"code":109971,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"d\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,109973,109974,110006,110024],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,109975,109976,109978,109980,109982,109984,109986,109988,109990,109992,109994,109996,109998,110000,110002,110004],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,109977,36160],{"class":56},[50,109979,61],{"class":60},[50,109981,632],{"class":64},[50,109983,811],{"class":604},[50,109985,421],{"class":608},[50,109987,811],{"class":604},[50,109989,72],{"class":64},[50,109991,700],{"class":604},[50,109993,4839],{"class":608},[50,109995,811],{"class":604},[50,109997,72],{"class":64},[50,109999,700],{"class":604},[50,110001,9817],{"class":608},[50,110003,811],{"class":604},[50,110005,645],{"class":64},[50,110007,110008,110010,110012,110014,110016,110018,110020,110022],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,110009,36213],{"class":56},[50,110011,425],{"class":64},[50,110013,102964],{"class":101},[50,110015,98],{"class":64},[50,110017,811],{"class":604},[50,110019,18837],{"class":608},[50,110021,811],{"class":604},[50,110023,105],{"class":64},[50,110025,110026,110028,110030,110032],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,110027,118],{"class":94},[50,110029,98],{"class":64},[50,110031,36213],{"class":101},[50,110033,105],{"class":64},[20,110035,110036],{},[3824,110037,353],{},[41,110039,110041],{"className":43,"code":110040,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'a', 'b', 'c'}\n",[15,110042,110043],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,110044,110045,110047,110049,110051,110053,110055,110057,110059,110061,110063,110065,110067,110069],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,110046,9357],{"class":64},[50,110048,611],{"class":604},[50,110050,421],{"class":608},[50,110052,611],{"class":604},[50,110054,72],{"class":64},[50,110056,605],{"class":604},[50,110058,4839],{"class":608},[50,110060,611],{"class":604},[50,110062,72],{"class":64},[50,110064,605],{"class":604},[50,110066,9817],{"class":608},[50,110068,611],{"class":604},[50,110070,645],{"class":64},[20,110072,18764],{},[158,110074,110075,110080],{},[161,110076,110077,110079],{},[15,110078,55597],{}," when missing values should be noticed",[161,110081,110082,110084],{},[15,110083,102897],{}," when you want to avoid errors",[20,110086,110087,110088,425],{},"If you want a full method reference, see ",[421,110089,96857,110090,10816],{"href":108500},[15,110091,102897],{},[36,110093,4598],{"id":4597},[222,110095,8532,110097,97237],{"id":110096},"expecting-remove-to-return-the-updated-set",[15,110098,55597],{},[20,110100,110101,110103,110104,425],{},[15,110102,55597],{}," changes the original set and returns ",[15,110105,208],{},[20,110107,16715],{},[41,110109,110111],{"className":43,"code":110110,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nnew_colors = colors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,110112,110113,110145,110167],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,110114,110115,110117,110119,110121,110123,110125,110127,110129,110131,110133,110135,110137,110139,110141,110143],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,110116,13149],{"class":56},[50,110118,61],{"class":60},[50,110120,632],{"class":64},[50,110122,811],{"class":604},[50,110124,13166],{"class":608},[50,110126,811],{"class":604},[50,110128,72],{"class":64},[50,110130,700],{"class":604},[50,110132,13183],{"class":608},[50,110134,811],{"class":604},[50,110136,72],{"class":64},[50,110138,700],{"class":604},[50,110140,17525],{"class":608},[50,110142,811],{"class":604},[50,110144,645],{"class":64},[50,110146,110147,110149,110151,110153,110155,110157,110159,110161,110163,110165],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,110148,13192],{"class":56},[50,110150,61],{"class":60},[50,110152,13197],{"class":56},[50,110154,425],{"class":64},[50,110156,34864],{"class":101},[50,110158,98],{"class":64},[50,110160,811],{"class":604},[50,110162,13183],{"class":608},[50,110164,811],{"class":604},[50,110166,105],{"class":64},[50,110168,110169,110171,110173,110175],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,110170,118],{"class":94},[50,110172,98],{"class":64},[50,110174,13216],{"class":101},[50,110176,105],{"class":64},[20,110178,110179],{},[3824,110180,353],{},[41,110182,110183],{"className":43,"code":11882,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,110184,110185],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,110186,110187],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,110188,11882],{"class":207},[20,110190,16727],{},[41,110192,110193],{"className":43,"code":109403,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,110194,110195,110227,110245],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,110196,110197,110199,110201,110203,110205,110207,110209,110211,110213,110215,110217,110219,110221,110223,110225],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,110198,13149],{"class":56},[50,110200,61],{"class":60},[50,110202,632],{"class":64},[50,110204,811],{"class":604},[50,110206,13166],{"class":608},[50,110208,811],{"class":604},[50,110210,72],{"class":64},[50,110212,700],{"class":604},[50,110214,13183],{"class":608},[50,110216,811],{"class":604},[50,110218,72],{"class":64},[50,110220,700],{"class":604},[50,110222,17525],{"class":608},[50,110224,811],{"class":604},[50,110226,645],{"class":64},[50,110228,110229,110231,110233,110235,110237,110239,110241,110243],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,110230,17572],{"class":56},[50,110232,425],{"class":64},[50,110234,34864],{"class":101},[50,110236,98],{"class":64},[50,110238,811],{"class":604},[50,110240,13183],{"class":608},[50,110242,811],{"class":604},[50,110244,105],{"class":64},[50,110246,110247,110249,110251,110253],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,110248,118],{"class":94},[50,110250,98],{"class":64},[50,110252,17572],{"class":101},[50,110254,105],{"class":64},[222,110256,110258],{"id":110257},"trying-to-remove-a-value-that-is-not-present","Trying to remove a value that is not present",[20,110260,110261,110262,425],{},"If the value is missing, you get a ",[15,110263,19757],{},[41,110265,110267],{"className":43,"code":110266,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,110268,110269,110293],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,110270,110271,110273,110275,110277,110279,110281,110283,110285,110287,110289,110291],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,110272,13149],{"class":56},[50,110274,61],{"class":60},[50,110276,632],{"class":64},[50,110278,811],{"class":604},[50,110280,13166],{"class":608},[50,110282,811],{"class":604},[50,110284,72],{"class":64},[50,110286,700],{"class":604},[50,110288,13183],{"class":608},[50,110290,811],{"class":604},[50,110292,645],{"class":64},[50,110294,110295,110297,110299,110301,110303,110305,110307,110309],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,110296,17572],{"class":56},[50,110298,425],{"class":64},[50,110300,34864],{"class":101},[50,110302,98],{"class":64},[50,110304,811],{"class":604},[50,110306,17525],{"class":608},[50,110308,811],{"class":604},[50,110310,105],{"class":64},[20,110312,110313,110314,819],{},"To check first, you can use ",[15,110315,3964],{},[41,110317,110319],{"className":43,"code":110318,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\n\nif \"green\" in colors:\n    colors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,110320,110321,110345,110349,110365],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,110322,110323,110325,110327,110329,110331,110333,110335,110337,110339,110341,110343],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,110324,13149],{"class":56},[50,110326,61],{"class":60},[50,110328,632],{"class":64},[50,110330,811],{"class":604},[50,110332,13166],{"class":608},[50,110334,811],{"class":604},[50,110336,72],{"class":64},[50,110338,700],{"class":604},[50,110340,13183],{"class":608},[50,110342,811],{"class":604},[50,110344,645],{"class":64},[50,110346,110347],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,110348,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,110350,110351,110353,110355,110357,110359,110361,110363],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,110352,7076],{"class":3957},[50,110354,700],{"class":604},[50,110356,17525],{"class":608},[50,110358,811],{"class":604},[50,110360,21243],{"class":60},[50,110362,13197],{"class":56},[50,110364,6470],{"class":64},[50,110366,110367,110370,110372,110374,110376,110378,110380,110382],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,110368,110369],{"class":56},"    colors",[50,110371,425],{"class":64},[50,110373,34864],{"class":101},[50,110375,98],{"class":64},[50,110377,811],{"class":604},[50,110379,17525],{"class":608},[50,110381,811],{"class":604},[50,110383,105],{"class":64},[20,110385,110386,110387,110391],{},"Or use ",[421,110388,110389],{"href":108500},[15,110390,102897],{}," if missing values are acceptable.",[222,110393,37273,110395,8784,110397],{"id":110394},"confusing-setremove-with-listremove",[15,110396,102911],{},[15,110398,55144],{},[20,110400,110401],{},"Sets do not store duplicates.",[20,110403,110404,110405,110407],{},"A list can contain repeated values, but a set cannot. That means ",[15,110406,102911],{}," removes a value from a collection where each item is unique.",[20,110409,110410,110411,425],{},"If you are working with lists and duplicates, you may also want to read ",[421,110412,99121],{"href":99120},[222,110414,110416],{"id":110415},"assuming-sets-keep-item-order","Assuming sets keep item order",[20,110418,108406],{},[20,110420,110421],{},"After removing an item, do not expect the remaining items to stay in a specific order when printed.",[36,110423,1913],{"id":1912},[222,110425,1917,110427,97336],{"id":110426},"does-setremove-return-a-new-set",[15,110428,102911],{},[20,110430,110431,110432,425],{},"No. It changes the original set and returns ",[15,110433,208],{},[222,110435,30356,110437,110439],{"id":110436},"what-error-does-setremove-raise",[15,110438,102911],{}," raise?",[20,110441,30362,110442,110444],{},[15,110443,19757],{}," if the value is not in the set.",[222,110446,21490,110448,2976,110450,1943],{"id":110447},"should-i-use-remove-or-discard",[15,110449,55597],{},[15,110451,102897],{},[20,110453,920,110454,110456,110457,110459],{},[15,110455,55597],{}," when the item should exist. Use ",[15,110458,102897],{}," when missing items are acceptable.",[222,110461,5248,110463,110465],{"id":110462},"can-setremove-remove-multiple-items-at-once",[15,110464,102911],{}," remove multiple items at once?",[20,110467,110468],{},"No. It removes one item at a time. For multiple items, use a loop or another set operation.",[36,110470,1975],{"id":1974},[158,110472,110473,110479,110485,110489,110493],{},[161,110474,110475],{},[421,110476,96857,110477,10816],{"href":108500},[15,110478,102897],{},[161,110480,110481],{},[421,110482,96857,110483,10816],{"href":98257},[15,110484,12836],{},[161,110486,110487],{},[421,110488,97381],{"href":97926},[161,110490,110491],{},[421,110492,100387],{"href":99120},[161,110494,110495],{},[421,110496,11337],{"href":11150},[2018,110498,110499],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":110501},[110502,110503,110505,110506,110507,110508,110513,110521,110531],{"id":2104,"depth":86,"text":2105},{"id":109503,"depth":86,"text":110504},"What set.remove() does",{"id":180,"depth":86,"text":181},{"id":270,"depth":86,"text":271},{"id":109754,"depth":86,"text":109755},{"id":109859,"depth":86,"text":110509,"children":110510},"How remove() is different from discard()",[110511,110512],{"id":34864,"depth":108,"text":55597},{"id":102964,"depth":108,"text":102897},{"id":4597,"depth":86,"text":4598,"children":110514},[110515,110517,110518,110520],{"id":110096,"depth":108,"text":110516},"Expecting remove() to return the updated set",{"id":110257,"depth":108,"text":110258},{"id":110394,"depth":108,"text":110519},"Confusing set.remove() with list.remove()",{"id":110415,"depth":108,"text":110416},{"id":1912,"depth":86,"text":1913,"children":110522},[110523,110525,110527,110529],{"id":110426,"depth":108,"text":110524},"Does set.remove() return a new set?",{"id":110436,"depth":108,"text":110526},"What error does set.remove() raise?",{"id":110447,"depth":108,"text":110528},"Should I use remove() or discard()?",{"id":110462,"depth":108,"text":110530},"Can set.remove() remove multiple items at once?",{"id":1974,"depth":86,"text":1975},"Master python set remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method",{"title":109377,"description":110532},"reference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method","rqj96TKU47GbniERUcyXRFNr3Q0LLY8S8sJgEZ7LbL0",{"id":110539,"title":110540,"body":110541,"description":111914,"extension":2064,"meta":111915,"navigation":111,"path":111916,"seo":111917,"stem":111918,"__hash__":111919},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method.md","Python Set symmetric_difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":110542,"toc":111889},[110543,110549,110555,110558,110561,110575,110577,110658,110661,110666,110670,110684,110691,110693,110712,110715,110733,110735,110815,110817,110842,110846,110849,110857,110862,110867,110869,110882,110887,110890,110914,110917,110925,110927,110930,111027,111029,111062,111064,111090,111097,111100,111104,111112,111116,111124,111126,111216,111218,111232,111239,111244,111249,111251,111342,111344,111356,111358,111372,111378,111386,111388,111470,111472,111517,111520,111528,111531,111533,111537,111580,111582,111602,111607,111609,111694,111696,111701,111703,111710,111718,111724,111727,111729,111815,111817,111841,111845,111848,111850,111877,111887],[10,110544,96243,110546,11397],{"id":110545},"python-set-symmetric_difference-method",[15,110547,110548],{},"symmetric_difference()",[20,110550,110551,110554],{},[15,110552,110553],{},"set.symmetric_difference()"," returns the values that appear in exactly one of two sets.",[20,110556,110557],{},"This is useful when you want to compare two sets and keep only the non-matching values.",[20,110559,110560],{},"Use it when:",[158,110562,110563,110566,110572],{},[161,110564,110565],{},"you want items in one set or the other",[161,110567,110568,110569,110571],{},"you do ",[3824,110570,4709],{}," want items that appear in both sets",[161,110573,110574],{},"you need a new set without changing the originals",[36,110576,39],{"id":38},[41,110578,110580],{"className":43,"code":110579,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.symmetric_difference(b)\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110581,110582,110602,110622,110626,110645],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,110583,110584,110586,110588,110590,110592,110594,110596,110598,110600],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,110585,2652],{"class":56},[50,110587,61],{"class":60},[50,110589,632],{"class":64},[50,110591,366],{"class":68},[50,110593,72],{"class":64},[50,110595,80],{"class":68},[50,110597,72],{"class":64},[50,110599,500],{"class":68},[50,110601,645],{"class":64},[50,110603,110604,110606,110608,110610,110612,110614,110616,110618,110620],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,110605,2680],{"class":56},[50,110607,61],{"class":60},[50,110609,632],{"class":64},[50,110611,69],{"class":68},[50,110613,72],{"class":64},[50,110615,2554],{"class":68},[50,110617,72],{"class":64},[50,110619,375],{"class":68},[50,110621,645],{"class":64},[50,110623,110624],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,110625,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,110627,110628,110630,110632,110634,110636,110639,110641,110643],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,110629,89],{"class":56},[50,110631,61],{"class":60},[50,110633,56955],{"class":56},[50,110635,425],{"class":64},[50,110637,110638],{"class":101},"symmetric_difference",[50,110640,98],{"class":64},[50,110642,4839],{"class":101},[50,110644,105],{"class":64},[50,110646,110647,110649,110651,110653,110655],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,110648,118],{"class":94},[50,110650,98],{"class":64},[50,110652,123],{"class":101},[50,110654,126],{"class":64},[50,110656,110657],{"class":129},"  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[20,110659,110660],{},"Use this when you want values that are in one set or the other, but not in both.",[36,110662,153,110664,156],{"id":110663},"what-symmetric_difference-does",[15,110665,110548],{},[20,110667,110668,819],{},[15,110669,110553],{},[158,110671,110672,110675,110678,110681],{},[161,110673,110674],{},"returns a new set",[161,110676,110677],{},"keeps items that are in only one of the two sets",[161,110679,110680],{},"removes items that exist in both sets",[161,110682,110683],{},"does not change the original set",[20,110685,96367,110686,2976,110688,425],{},[421,110687,96371],{"href":96370},[421,110689,110690],{"href":96374},"creating a set in Python",[36,110692,181],{"id":180},[41,110694,110696],{"className":43,"code":110695,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\n",[15,110697,110698],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,110699,110700,110702,110704,110706,110708,110710],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,110701,100628],{"class":56},[50,110703,425],{"class":64},[50,110705,110638],{"class":101},[50,110707,98],{"class":64},[50,110709,100637],{"class":101},[50,110711,105],{"class":64},[20,110713,110714],{},"Notes:",[158,110716,110717,110722,110727,110730],{},[161,110718,110719,110721],{},[15,110720,100628],{}," must be a set",[161,110723,110724,110726],{},[15,110725,100637],{}," can be any iterable",[161,110728,110729],{},"the result is always a set",[161,110731,110732],{},"the most common use is comparing two sets",[20,110734,1602],{},[41,110736,110738],{"className":43,"code":110737,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\nprint(result)\n",[15,110739,110740,110761,110782,110786,110805],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,110741,110742,110745,110747,110749,110751,110753,110755,110757,110759],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,110743,110744],{"class":56},"set1 ",[50,110746,61],{"class":60},[50,110748,632],{"class":64},[50,110750,366],{"class":68},[50,110752,72],{"class":64},[50,110754,80],{"class":68},[50,110756,72],{"class":64},[50,110758,500],{"class":68},[50,110760,645],{"class":64},[50,110762,110763,110766,110768,110770,110772,110774,110776,110778,110780],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,110764,110765],{"class":56},"set2 ",[50,110767,61],{"class":60},[50,110769,632],{"class":64},[50,110771,69],{"class":68},[50,110773,72],{"class":64},[50,110775,2554],{"class":68},[50,110777,72],{"class":64},[50,110779,375],{"class":68},[50,110781,645],{"class":64},[50,110783,110784],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,110785,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,110787,110788,110790,110792,110795,110797,110799,110801,110803],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,110789,89],{"class":56},[50,110791,61],{"class":60},[50,110793,110794],{"class":56}," set1",[50,110796,425],{"class":64},[50,110798,110638],{"class":101},[50,110800,98],{"class":64},[50,110802,100637],{"class":101},[50,110804,105],{"class":64},[50,110806,110807,110809,110811,110813],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,110808,118],{"class":94},[50,110810,98],{"class":64},[50,110812,123],{"class":101},[50,110814,105],{"class":64},[20,110816,353],{},[41,110818,110820],{"className":43,"code":110819,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110821,110822],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,110823,110824,110826,110828,110830,110832,110834,110836,110838,110840],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,110825,9357],{"class":64},[50,110827,366],{"class":68},[50,110829,72],{"class":64},[50,110831,80],{"class":68},[50,110833,72],{"class":64},[50,110835,2554],{"class":68},[50,110837,72],{"class":64},[50,110839,375],{"class":68},[50,110841,645],{"class":64},[36,110843,110845],{"id":110844},"what-the-result-means","What the result means",[20,110847,110848],{},"The result includes:",[158,110850,110851,110854],{},[161,110852,110853],{},"items only in the first set",[161,110855,110856],{},"items only in the second set",[20,110858,110859,110860,11159],{},"The result does ",[3824,110861,4709],{},[158,110863,110864],{},[161,110865,110866],{},"items shared by both sets",[20,110868,5551],{},[158,110870,110871,110876],{},[161,110872,110873,110874],{},"first set: ",[15,110875,100325],{},[161,110877,110878,110879],{},"second set: ",[15,110880,110881],{},"{3, 4, 5}",[20,110883,4131,110884,110886],{},[15,110885,69],{}," is in both sets, so it is removed from the result.",[20,110888,110889],{},"The output is:",[41,110891,110892],{"className":43,"code":110819,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,110893,110894],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,110895,110896,110898,110900,110902,110904,110906,110908,110910,110912],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,110897,9357],{"class":64},[50,110899,366],{"class":68},[50,110901,72],{"class":64},[50,110903,80],{"class":68},[50,110905,72],{"class":64},[50,110907,2554],{"class":68},[50,110909,72],{"class":64},[50,110911,375],{"class":68},[50,110913,645],{"class":64},[20,110915,110916],{},"Also remember:",[158,110918,110919,110922],{},[161,110920,110921],{},"sets are unordered",[161,110923,110924],{},"Python does not guarantee the printed order of set items",[36,110926,271],{"id":270},[20,110928,110929],{},"Here is a small example with one shared value:",[41,110931,110933],{"className":43,"code":110932,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\"}\n\nresult = colors1.symmetric_difference(colors2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,110934,110935,110967,110991,110995,111013,111017],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,110936,110937,110939,110941,110943,110945,110947,110949,110951,110953,110955,110957,110959,110961,110963,110965],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,110938,107068],{"class":56},[50,110940,61],{"class":60},[50,110942,632],{"class":64},[50,110944,811],{"class":604},[50,110946,13166],{"class":608},[50,110948,811],{"class":604},[50,110950,72],{"class":64},[50,110952,700],{"class":604},[50,110954,13183],{"class":608},[50,110956,811],{"class":604},[50,110958,72],{"class":64},[50,110960,700],{"class":604},[50,110962,17525],{"class":608},[50,110964,811],{"class":604},[50,110966,645],{"class":64},[50,110968,110969,110971,110973,110975,110977,110979,110981,110983,110985,110987,110989],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,110970,107101],{"class":56},[50,110972,61],{"class":60},[50,110974,632],{"class":64},[50,110976,811],{"class":604},[50,110978,17525],{"class":608},[50,110980,811],{"class":604},[50,110982,72],{"class":64},[50,110984,700],{"class":604},[50,110986,22593],{"class":608},[50,110988,811],{"class":604},[50,110990,645],{"class":64},[50,110992,110993],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,110994,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,110996,110997,110999,111001,111003,111005,111007,111009,111011],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,110998,89],{"class":56},[50,111000,61],{"class":60},[50,111002,107143],{"class":56},[50,111004,425],{"class":64},[50,111006,110638],{"class":101},[50,111008,98],{"class":64},[50,111010,107152],{"class":101},[50,111012,105],{"class":64},[50,111014,111015],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,111016,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,111018,111019,111021,111023,111025],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,111020,118],{"class":94},[50,111022,98],{"class":64},[50,111024,123],{"class":101},[50,111026,105],{"class":64},[20,111028,353],{},[41,111030,111032],{"className":43,"code":111031,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'red', 'blue', 'yellow'}\n",[15,111033,111034],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,111035,111036,111038,111040,111042,111044,111046,111048,111050,111052,111054,111056,111058,111060],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,111037,9357],{"class":64},[50,111039,611],{"class":604},[50,111041,13166],{"class":608},[50,111043,611],{"class":604},[50,111045,72],{"class":64},[50,111047,605],{"class":604},[50,111049,13183],{"class":608},[50,111051,611],{"class":604},[50,111053,72],{"class":64},[50,111055,605],{"class":604},[50,111057,22593],{"class":608},[50,111059,611],{"class":604},[50,111061,645],{"class":64},[20,111063,13482],{},[158,111065,111066,111071,111082],{},[161,111067,111068,111070],{},[15,111069,96536],{}," is in both sets, so it is excluded",[161,111072,111073,4472,111075,111078,111079,111081],{},[15,111074,65453],{},[15,111076,111077],{},"\"blue\""," are only in ",[15,111080,107205],{},", so they stay",[161,111083,111084,111086,111087,111089],{},[15,111085,109844],{}," is only in ",[15,111088,107152],{},", so it stays",[36,111091,111093,1467,111095],{"id":111092},"symmetric_difference-vs-difference",[15,111094,110548],{},[15,111096,100457],{},[20,111098,111099],{},"These two methods are similar, but they do not do the same thing.",[20,111101,111102,819],{},[15,111103,100457],{},[158,111105,111106,111109],{},[161,111107,111108],{},"keeps items only from the first set",[161,111110,111111],{},"ignores unique items from the second set",[20,111113,111114,819],{},[15,111115,110548],{},[158,111117,111118,111121],{},[161,111119,111120],{},"keeps unique items from both sets",[161,111122,111123],{},"removes shared items",[20,111125,1602],{},[41,111127,111129],{"className":43,"code":111128,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))            # {1, 2}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111130,111131,111151,111171,111175,111196],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,111132,111133,111135,111137,111139,111141,111143,111145,111147,111149],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,111134,2652],{"class":56},[50,111136,61],{"class":60},[50,111138,632],{"class":64},[50,111140,366],{"class":68},[50,111142,72],{"class":64},[50,111144,80],{"class":68},[50,111146,72],{"class":64},[50,111148,500],{"class":68},[50,111150,645],{"class":64},[50,111152,111153,111155,111157,111159,111161,111163,111165,111167,111169],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,111154,2680],{"class":56},[50,111156,61],{"class":60},[50,111158,632],{"class":64},[50,111160,69],{"class":68},[50,111162,72],{"class":64},[50,111164,2554],{"class":68},[50,111166,72],{"class":64},[50,111168,375],{"class":68},[50,111170,645],{"class":64},[50,111172,111173],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,111174,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,111176,111177,111179,111181,111183,111185,111187,111189,111191,111193],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,111178,118],{"class":94},[50,111180,98],{"class":64},[50,111182,421],{"class":101},[50,111184,425],{"class":64},[50,111186,2910],{"class":101},[50,111188,98],{"class":64},[50,111190,4839],{"class":101},[50,111192,5440],{"class":64},[50,111194,111195],{"class":129},"            # {1, 2}\n",[50,111197,111198,111200,111202,111204,111206,111208,111210,111212,111214],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,111199,118],{"class":94},[50,111201,98],{"class":64},[50,111203,421],{"class":101},[50,111205,425],{"class":64},[50,111207,110638],{"class":101},[50,111209,98],{"class":64},[50,111211,4839],{"class":101},[50,111213,5440],{"class":64},[50,111215,110657],{"class":129},[20,111217,18764],{},[158,111219,111220,111227],{},[161,111221,111222,111226],{},[421,111223,111224],{"href":102883},[15,111225,100457],{}," for a one-sided comparison",[161,111228,111229,111231],{},[15,111230,110548],{}," for a two-sided comparison",[36,111233,111235,1467,111237],{"id":111234},"symmetric_difference-vs-union",[15,111236,110548],{},[15,111238,102842],{},[20,111240,111241,111243],{},[15,111242,102842],{}," combines both sets.",[20,111245,111246,111248],{},[15,111247,110548],{}," only keeps non-shared values.",[20,111250,1602],{},[41,111252,111254],{"className":43,"code":111253,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.union(b))                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111255,111256,111276,111296,111300,111322],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,111257,111258,111260,111262,111264,111266,111268,111270,111272,111274],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,111259,2652],{"class":56},[50,111261,61],{"class":60},[50,111263,632],{"class":64},[50,111265,366],{"class":68},[50,111267,72],{"class":64},[50,111269,80],{"class":68},[50,111271,72],{"class":64},[50,111273,500],{"class":68},[50,111275,645],{"class":64},[50,111277,111278,111280,111282,111284,111286,111288,111290,111292,111294],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,111279,2680],{"class":56},[50,111281,61],{"class":60},[50,111283,632],{"class":64},[50,111285,69],{"class":68},[50,111287,72],{"class":64},[50,111289,2554],{"class":68},[50,111291,72],{"class":64},[50,111293,375],{"class":68},[50,111295,645],{"class":64},[50,111297,111298],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,111299,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,111301,111302,111304,111306,111308,111310,111313,111315,111317,111319],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,111303,118],{"class":94},[50,111305,98],{"class":64},[50,111307,421],{"class":101},[50,111309,425],{"class":64},[50,111311,111312],{"class":101},"union",[50,111314,98],{"class":64},[50,111316,4839],{"class":101},[50,111318,5440],{"class":64},[50,111320,111321],{"class":129},"                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[50,111323,111324,111326,111328,111330,111332,111334,111336,111338,111340],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,111325,118],{"class":94},[50,111327,98],{"class":64},[50,111329,421],{"class":101},[50,111331,425],{"class":64},[50,111333,110638],{"class":101},[50,111335,98],{"class":64},[50,111337,4839],{"class":101},[50,111339,5440],{"class":64},[50,111341,110657],{"class":129},[20,111343,27290],{},[158,111345,111346,111351],{},[161,111347,111348,111350],{},[15,111349,102842],{}," includes everything",[161,111352,111353,111355],{},[15,111354,110548],{}," excludes values found in both sets",[20,111357,18764],{},[158,111359,111360,111367],{},[161,111361,111362,111366],{},[421,111363,111364],{"href":107773},[15,111365,102842],{}," when overlap does not matter",[161,111368,111369,111371],{},[15,111370,110548],{}," when you want non-matching values only",[36,111373,36681,111375,101641],{"id":111374},"using-the-operator",[15,111376,111377],{},"^",[20,111379,111380,111381,111383,111384,425],{},"For sets, the ",[15,111382,111377],{}," operator gives the same result as ",[15,111385,110548],{},[20,111387,1602],{},[41,111389,111391],{"className":43,"code":111390,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\n",[15,111392,111393,111413,111433,111437,111455],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,111394,111395,111397,111399,111401,111403,111405,111407,111409,111411],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,111396,110744],{"class":56},[50,111398,61],{"class":60},[50,111400,632],{"class":64},[50,111402,366],{"class":68},[50,111404,72],{"class":64},[50,111406,80],{"class":68},[50,111408,72],{"class":64},[50,111410,500],{"class":68},[50,111412,645],{"class":64},[50,111414,111415,111417,111419,111421,111423,111425,111427,111429,111431],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,111416,110765],{"class":56},[50,111418,61],{"class":60},[50,111420,632],{"class":64},[50,111422,69],{"class":68},[50,111424,72],{"class":64},[50,111426,2554],{"class":68},[50,111428,72],{"class":64},[50,111430,375],{"class":68},[50,111432,645],{"class":64},[50,111434,111435],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,111436,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,111438,111439,111441,111443,111445,111447,111449,111451,111453],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,111440,118],{"class":94},[50,111442,98],{"class":64},[50,111444,100628],{"class":101},[50,111446,425],{"class":64},[50,111448,110638],{"class":101},[50,111450,98],{"class":64},[50,111452,100637],{"class":101},[50,111454,478],{"class":64},[50,111456,111457,111459,111461,111463,111465,111468],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,111458,118],{"class":94},[50,111460,98],{"class":64},[50,111462,110744],{"class":101},[50,111464,111377],{"class":60},[50,111466,111467],{"class":101}," set2",[50,111469,105],{"class":64},[20,111471,30098],{},[41,111473,111475],{"className":43,"code":111474,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111476,111477,111497],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,111478,111479,111481,111483,111485,111487,111489,111491,111493,111495],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,111480,9357],{"class":64},[50,111482,366],{"class":68},[50,111484,72],{"class":64},[50,111486,80],{"class":68},[50,111488,72],{"class":64},[50,111490,2554],{"class":68},[50,111492,72],{"class":64},[50,111494,375],{"class":68},[50,111496,645],{"class":64},[50,111498,111499,111501,111503,111505,111507,111509,111511,111513,111515],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,111500,9357],{"class":64},[50,111502,366],{"class":68},[50,111504,72],{"class":64},[50,111506,80],{"class":68},[50,111508,72],{"class":64},[50,111510,2554],{"class":68},[50,111512,72],{"class":64},[50,111514,375],{"class":68},[50,111516,645],{"class":64},[20,111518,111519],{},"Both forms:",[158,111521,111522,111525],{},[161,111523,111524],{},"return a new set",[161,111526,111527],{},"do not change the original sets",[20,111529,111530],{},"For beginners, the method form is often easier to read because the name explains what it does.",[36,111532,4598],{"id":4597},[20,111534,21281,111535,819],{},[15,111536,110548],{},[158,111538,111539,111547,111557,111572],{},[161,111540,111541,111544,111546],{},[3824,111542,111543],{},"Expecting sorted output",[9924,111545],{},"\nSets are unordered, so the result may print in a different order than you expect.",[161,111548,111549,111552,111554,111556],{},[3824,111550,111551],{},"Thinking the original set is changed",[9924,111553],{},[15,111555,110548],{}," returns a new set. It does not modify the original set.",[161,111558,111559,111564,111566,111568,111569,111571],{},[3824,111560,111561,111562],{},"Confusing it with ",[15,111563,100457],{},[9924,111565],{},[15,111567,100457],{}," only keeps items from the first set. ",[15,111570,110548],{}," keeps unique items from both sets.",[161,111573,111574,111577,111579],{},[3824,111575,111576],{},"Forgetting that sets remove duplicates",[9924,111578],{},"\nA set only stores unique values. If your original data has repeated values, they will appear only once.",[20,111581,58929],{},[158,111583,111584,111593,111596,111599],{},[161,111585,50561,111586,44699,111588,111592],{},[15,111587,110548],{},[421,111589,111590],{"href":107773},[15,111591,102842],{}," is actually needed",[161,111594,111595],{},"comparing lists instead of converting them to sets first",[161,111597,111598],{},"assuming repeated values will appear multiple times in the result",[161,111600,111601],{},"being confused by output order",[20,111603,111604,111605,425],{},"If you are starting with a list and want unique values first, see ",[421,111606,99121],{"href":105386},[20,111608,62359],{},[41,111610,111612],{"className":43,"code":111611,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(set1)\nprint(set2)\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\nprint(type(set1))\nprint(type(set2))\n",[15,111613,111614,111624,111634,111652,111666,111680],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,111615,111616,111618,111620,111622],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,111617,118],{"class":94},[50,111619,98],{"class":64},[50,111621,100628],{"class":101},[50,111623,105],{"class":64},[50,111625,111626,111628,111630,111632],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,111627,118],{"class":94},[50,111629,98],{"class":64},[50,111631,100637],{"class":101},[50,111633,105],{"class":64},[50,111635,111636,111638,111640,111642,111644,111646,111648,111650],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,111637,118],{"class":94},[50,111639,98],{"class":64},[50,111641,100628],{"class":101},[50,111643,425],{"class":64},[50,111645,110638],{"class":101},[50,111647,98],{"class":64},[50,111649,100637],{"class":101},[50,111651,478],{"class":64},[50,111653,111654,111656,111658,111660,111662,111664],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,111655,118],{"class":94},[50,111657,98],{"class":64},[50,111659,110744],{"class":101},[50,111661,111377],{"class":60},[50,111663,111467],{"class":101},[50,111665,105],{"class":64},[50,111667,111668,111670,111672,111674,111676,111678],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,111669,118],{"class":94},[50,111671,98],{"class":64},[50,111673,558],{"class":557},[50,111675,98],{"class":64},[50,111677,100628],{"class":101},[50,111679,478],{"class":64},[50,111681,111682,111684,111686,111688,111690,111692],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,111683,118],{"class":94},[50,111685,98],{"class":64},[50,111687,558],{"class":557},[50,111689,98],{"class":64},[50,111691,100637],{"class":101},[50,111693,478],{"class":64},[36,111695,1913],{"id":1912},[222,111697,1917,111699,102782],{"id":111698},"does-symmetric_difference-change-the-original-set",[15,111700,110548],{},[20,111702,102785],{},[222,111704,5258,111706,4472,111708,1943],{"id":111705},"what-is-the-difference-between-symmetric_difference-and-difference",[15,111707,110548],{},[15,111709,100457],{},[20,111711,111712,111714,111715,111717],{},[15,111713,100457],{}," keeps items only from the first set. ",[15,111716,110548],{}," keeps items that appear in exactly one of the two sets.",[222,111719,28398,111721,111723],{"id":111720},"can-i-use-symmetric_difference-with-lists",[15,111722,110548],{}," with lists?",[20,111725,111726],{},"The method is for sets. Convert a list to a set first if needed.",[20,111728,1602],{},[41,111730,111732],{"className":43,"code":111731,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"list1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = set(list1).symmetric_difference(set(list2))\nprint(result)\n",[15,111733,111734,111754,111774,111778,111805],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,111735,111736,111738,111740,111742,111744,111746,111748,111750,111752],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,111737,80702],{"class":56},[50,111739,61],{"class":60},[50,111741,65],{"class":64},[50,111743,366],{"class":68},[50,111745,72],{"class":64},[50,111747,80],{"class":68},[50,111749,72],{"class":64},[50,111751,500],{"class":68},[50,111753,83],{"class":64},[50,111755,111756,111758,111760,111762,111764,111766,111768,111770,111772],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,111757,80723],{"class":56},[50,111759,61],{"class":60},[50,111761,65],{"class":64},[50,111763,69],{"class":68},[50,111765,72],{"class":64},[50,111767,2554],{"class":68},[50,111769,72],{"class":64},[50,111771,375],{"class":68},[50,111773,83],{"class":64},[50,111775,111776],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,111777,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,111779,111780,111782,111784,111786,111788,111791,111793,111795,111797,111799,111801,111803],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,111781,89],{"class":56},[50,111783,61],{"class":60},[50,111785,15705],{"class":557},[50,111787,98],{"class":64},[50,111789,111790],{"class":101},"list1",[50,111792,8711],{"class":64},[50,111794,110638],{"class":101},[50,111796,98],{"class":64},[50,111798,617],{"class":557},[50,111800,98],{"class":64},[50,111802,80989],{"class":101},[50,111804,478],{"class":64},[50,111806,111807,111809,111811,111813],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,111808,118],{"class":94},[50,111810,98],{"class":64},[50,111812,123],{"class":101},[50,111814,105],{"class":64},[20,111816,353],{},[41,111818,111819],{"className":43,"code":110819,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,111820,111821],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,111822,111823,111825,111827,111829,111831,111833,111835,111837,111839],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,111824,9357],{"class":64},[50,111826,366],{"class":68},[50,111828,72],{"class":64},[50,111830,80],{"class":68},[50,111832,72],{"class":64},[50,111834,2554],{"class":68},[50,111836,72],{"class":64},[50,111838,375],{"class":68},[50,111840,645],{"class":64},[222,111842,111844],{"id":111843},"why-does-the-output-order-look-random","Why does the output order look random?",[20,111846,111847],{},"Sets are unordered, so Python does not guarantee item order.",[36,111849,1975],{"id":1974},[158,111851,111852,111856,111861,111867,111873],{},[161,111853,111854],{},[421,111855,96371],{"href":96370},[161,111857,111858],{},[421,111859,111860],{"href":96374},"Creating a set in Python",[161,111862,111863],{},[421,111864,96857,111865,10816],{"href":102883},[15,111866,100457],{},[161,111868,111869],{},[421,111870,96857,111871,10816],{"href":107773},[15,111872,102842],{},[161,111874,111875],{},[421,111876,100387],{"href":105386},[20,111878,111879,111880,31,111882,17144,111884,111886],{},"If you are learning set methods, compare ",[15,111881,100457],{},[15,111883,102842],{},[15,111885,110548],{}," side by side. That makes it much easier to choose the right one for real tasks.",[2018,111888,57308],{},{"title":46,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":111890},[111891,111892,111894,111895,111896,111897,111899,111901,111903,111904,111913],{"id":38,"depth":86,"text":39},{"id":110663,"depth":86,"text":111893},"What symmetric_difference() does",{"id":180,"depth":86,"text":181},{"id":110844,"depth":86,"text":110845},{"id":270,"depth":86,"text":271},{"id":111092,"depth":86,"text":111898},"symmetric_difference() vs difference()",{"id":111234,"depth":86,"text":111900},"symmetric_difference() vs union()",{"id":111374,"depth":86,"text":111902},"Using the ^ operator",{"id":4597,"depth":86,"text":4598},{"id":1912,"depth":86,"text":1913,"children":111905},[111906,111908,111910,111912],{"id":111698,"depth":108,"text":111907},"Does symmetric_difference() change the original set?",{"id":111705,"depth":108,"text":111909},"What is the difference between symmetric_difference() and difference()?",{"id":111720,"depth":108,"text":111911},"Can I use symmetric_difference() with lists?",{"id":111843,"depth":108,"text":111844},{"id":1974,"depth":86,"text":1975},"Master python set symmetric_difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method",{"title":110540,"description":111914},"reference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method","lpKe_do_U0RkRSxaS1njn8pocrqwUs1i7_KsXGGWZm4",{"id":111921,"title":111922,"body":111923,"description":113985,"extension":2064,"meta":113986,"navigation":111,"path":107773,"seo":113987,"stem":113988,"__hash__":113989},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method.md","Python Set union() Method",{"type":7,"value":111924,"toc":113944},[111925,111930,111935,111938,111951,111953,112035,112040,112045,112049,112061,112064,112068,112070,112097,112099,112110,112113,112182,112184,112190,112193,112203,112205,112294,112299,112301,112308,112311,112313,112316,112436,112438,112507,112510,112526,112531,112534,112650,112652,112681,112684,112690,112695,112699,112780,112782,112810,112815,112819,112914,112916,112957,112961,112964,113031,113033,113074,113080,113095,113102,113109,113113,113119,113205,113209,113217,113288,113293,113300,113302,113308,113310,113375,113377,113393,113398,113401,113470,113474,113477,113536,113539,113543,113596,113609,113612,113665,113669,113671,113702,113705,113710,113763,113767,113770,113791,113803,113805,113858,113860,113865,113867,113873,113876,113882,113887,113891,113894,113902,113911,113913,113941],[10,111926,13,111928,11397],{"id":111927},"python-setunion-method",[15,111929,108086],{},[20,111931,111932,111934],{},[15,111933,108086],{}," combines items from one set with items from one or more other iterables.",[20,111936,111937],{},"It is useful when you want:",[158,111939,111940,111943,111948],{},[161,111941,111942],{},"all unique values from multiple collections",[161,111944,2652,111945,111947],{},[3824,111946,100812],{}," as the result",[161,111949,111950],{},"to keep the original set unchanged",[36,111952,2105],{"id":2104},[41,111954,111956],{"className":43,"code":111955,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2)\nprint(result)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,111957,111958,111978,111998,112002,112020,112030],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,111959,111960,111962,111964,111966,111968,111970,111972,111974,111976],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,111961,110744],{"class":56},[50,111963,61],{"class":60},[50,111965,632],{"class":64},[50,111967,366],{"class":68},[50,111969,72],{"class":64},[50,111971,80],{"class":68},[50,111973,72],{"class":64},[50,111975,500],{"class":68},[50,111977,645],{"class":64},[50,111979,111980,111982,111984,111986,111988,111990,111992,111994,111996],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,111981,110765],{"class":56},[50,111983,61],{"class":60},[50,111985,632],{"class":64},[50,111987,69],{"class":68},[50,111989,72],{"class":64},[50,111991,2554],{"class":68},[50,111993,72],{"class":64},[50,111995,375],{"class":68},[50,111997,645],{"class":64},[50,111999,112000],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,112001,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,112003,112004,112006,112008,112010,112012,112014,112016,112018],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,112005,89],{"class":56},[50,112007,61],{"class":60},[50,112009,110794],{"class":56},[50,112011,425],{"class":64},[50,112013,111312],{"class":101},[50,112015,98],{"class":64},[50,112017,100637],{"class":101},[50,112019,105],{"class":64},[50,112021,112022,112024,112026,112028],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,112023,118],{"class":94},[50,112025,98],{"class":64},[50,112027,123],{"class":101},[50,112029,105],{"class":64},[50,112031,112032],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,112033,112034],{"class":129},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[20,112036,112037,112039],{},[15,112038,102842],{}," returns a new set containing all unique items from both sets.",[36,112041,153,112043,156],{"id":112042},"what-setunion-does",[15,112044,108086],{},[20,112046,112047,819],{},[15,112048,108086],{},[158,112050,112051,112054,112057,112059],{},[161,112052,112053],{},"combines items from one set and one or more other iterables",[161,112055,112056],{},"keeps only unique values",[161,112058,110674],{},[161,112060,110683],{},[20,112062,112063],{},"If the same value appears more than once, it will appear only once in the result.",[20,112065,96367,112066,425],{},[421,112067,96371],{"href":97542},[36,112069,181],{"id":180},[41,112071,112073],{"className":43,"code":112072,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"set1.union(set2, set3, ...)\n",[15,112074,112075],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,112076,112077,112079,112081,112083,112085,112087,112089,112091,112093,112095],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,112078,100628],{"class":56},[50,112080,425],{"class":64},[50,112082,111312],{"class":101},[50,112084,98],{"class":64},[50,112086,100637],{"class":101},[50,112088,72],{"class":64},[50,112090,100664],{"class":101},[50,112092,72],{"class":64},[50,112094,34525],{"class":94},[50,112096,105],{"class":64},[20,112098,13125],{},[158,112100,112101,112104,112107],{},[161,112102,112103],{},"You can pass one or more arguments.",[161,112105,112106],{},"Each argument can be a set or another iterable.",[161,112108,112109],{},"The method returns a new set with all unique items.",[20,112111,112112],{},"Example with two sets:",[41,112114,112116],{"className":43,"code":112115,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112117,112118,112134,112150,112154,112172],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,112119,112120,112122,112124,112126,112128,112130,112132],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,112121,2652],{"class":56},[50,112123,61],{"class":60},[50,112125,632],{"class":64},[50,112127,366],{"class":68},[50,112129,72],{"class":64},[50,112131,80],{"class":68},[50,112133,645],{"class":64},[50,112135,112136,112138,112140,112142,112144,112146,112148],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,112137,2680],{"class":56},[50,112139,61],{"class":60},[50,112141,632],{"class":64},[50,112143,1564],{"class":68},[50,112145,72],{"class":64},[50,112147,500],{"class":68},[50,112149,645],{"class":64},[50,112151,112152],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,112153,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,112155,112156,112158,112160,112162,112164,112166,112168,112170],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,112157,89],{"class":56},[50,112159,61],{"class":60},[50,112161,56955],{"class":56},[50,112163,425],{"class":64},[50,112165,111312],{"class":101},[50,112167,98],{"class":64},[50,112169,4839],{"class":101},[50,112171,105],{"class":64},[50,112173,112174,112176,112178,112180],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,112175,118],{"class":94},[50,112177,98],{"class":64},[50,112179,123],{"class":101},[50,112181,105],{"class":64},[36,112183,22039],{"id":22038},[20,112185,112186,100809,112188,425],{},[15,112187,108086],{},[3824,112189,100812],{},[20,112191,112192],{},"That returned set contains every unique item found in:",[158,112194,112195,112198],{},[161,112196,112197],{},"the original set",[161,112199,112200,112201],{},"all arguments passed to ",[15,112202,102842],{},[20,112204,1602],{},[41,112206,112208],{"className":43,"code":112207,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\n\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)       # {1, 2}\n",[15,112209,112210,112226,112242,112246,112264,112268,112281],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,112211,112212,112214,112216,112218,112220,112222,112224],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,112213,2652],{"class":56},[50,112215,61],{"class":60},[50,112217,632],{"class":64},[50,112219,366],{"class":68},[50,112221,72],{"class":64},[50,112223,80],{"class":68},[50,112225,645],{"class":64},[50,112227,112228,112230,112232,112234,112236,112238,112240],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,112229,2680],{"class":56},[50,112231,61],{"class":60},[50,112233,632],{"class":64},[50,112235,1564],{"class":68},[50,112237,72],{"class":64},[50,112239,500],{"class":68},[50,112241,645],{"class":64},[50,112243,112244],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,112245,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,112247,112248,112250,112252,112254,112256,112258,112260,112262],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,112249,89],{"class":56},[50,112251,61],{"class":60},[50,112253,56955],{"class":56},[50,112255,425],{"class":64},[50,112257,111312],{"class":101},[50,112259,98],{"class":64},[50,112261,4839],{"class":101},[50,112263,105],{"class":64},[50,112265,112266],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,112267,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,112269,112270,112272,112274,112276,112278],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,112271,118],{"class":94},[50,112273,98],{"class":64},[50,112275,123],{"class":101},[50,112277,126],{"class":64},[50,112279,112280],{"class":129},"  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[50,112282,112283,112285,112287,112289,112291],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,112284,118],{"class":94},[50,112286,98],{"class":64},[50,112288,421],{"class":101},[50,112290,126],{"class":64},[50,112292,112293],{"class":129},"       # {1, 2}\n",[20,112295,2384,112296,112298],{},[15,112297,421],{}," did not change.",[20,112300,110916],{},[158,112302,112303,112305],{},[161,112304,110921],{},[161,112306,112307],{},"printed output order is not guaranteed",[20,112309,112310],{},"So you may see the same values in a different order.",[36,112312,271],{"id":270},[20,112314,112315],{},"Here is a basic example with overlapping values:",[41,112317,112319],{"className":43,"code":112318,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"fruits1 = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits2 = {\"banana\", \"grape\", \"orange\"}\n\nresult = fruits1.union(fruits2)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits1)\n",[15,112320,112321,112354,112387,112391,112411,112415,112425],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,112322,112323,112326,112328,112330,112332,112334,112336,112338,112340,112342,112344,112346,112348,112350,112352],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,112324,112325],{"class":56},"fruits1 ",[50,112327,61],{"class":60},[50,112329,632],{"class":64},[50,112331,811],{"class":604},[50,112333,1049],{"class":608},[50,112335,811],{"class":604},[50,112337,72],{"class":64},[50,112339,700],{"class":604},[50,112341,1058],{"class":608},[50,112343,811],{"class":604},[50,112345,72],{"class":64},[50,112347,700],{"class":604},[50,112349,33291],{"class":608},[50,112351,811],{"class":604},[50,112353,645],{"class":64},[50,112355,112356,112359,112361,112363,112365,112367,112369,112371,112373,112375,112377,112379,112381,112383,112385],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,112357,112358],{"class":56},"fruits2 ",[50,112360,61],{"class":60},[50,112362,632],{"class":64},[50,112364,811],{"class":604},[50,112366,1058],{"class":608},[50,112368,811],{"class":604},[50,112370,72],{"class":64},[50,112372,700],{"class":604},[50,112374,22602],{"class":608},[50,112376,811],{"class":604},[50,112378,72],{"class":64},[50,112380,700],{"class":604},[50,112382,33291],{"class":608},[50,112384,811],{"class":604},[50,112386,645],{"class":64},[50,112388,112389],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,112390,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,112392,112393,112395,112397,112400,112402,112404,112406,112409],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,112394,89],{"class":56},[50,112396,61],{"class":60},[50,112398,112399],{"class":56}," fruits1",[50,112401,425],{"class":64},[50,112403,111312],{"class":101},[50,112405,98],{"class":64},[50,112407,112408],{"class":101},"fruits2",[50,112410,105],{"class":64},[50,112412,112413],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,112414,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,112416,112417,112419,112421,112423],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,112418,118],{"class":94},[50,112420,98],{"class":64},[50,112422,123],{"class":101},[50,112424,105],{"class":64},[50,112426,112427,112429,112431,112434],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,112428,118],{"class":94},[50,112430,98],{"class":64},[50,112432,112433],{"class":101},"fruits1",[50,112435,105],{"class":64},[20,112437,30098],{},[41,112439,112441],{"className":43,"code":112440,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple', 'grape'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n",[15,112442,112443,112479],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,112444,112445,112447,112449,112451,112453,112455,112457,112459,112461,112463,112465,112467,112469,112471,112473,112475,112477],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,112446,9357],{"class":64},[50,112448,611],{"class":604},[50,112450,1058],{"class":608},[50,112452,611],{"class":604},[50,112454,72],{"class":64},[50,112456,605],{"class":604},[50,112458,33291],{"class":608},[50,112460,611],{"class":604},[50,112462,72],{"class":64},[50,112464,605],{"class":604},[50,112466,1049],{"class":608},[50,112468,611],{"class":604},[50,112470,72],{"class":64},[50,112472,605],{"class":604},[50,112474,22602],{"class":608},[50,112476,611],{"class":604},[50,112478,645],{"class":64},[50,112480,112481,112483,112485,112487,112489,112491,112493,112495,112497,112499,112501,112503,112505],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,112482,9357],{"class":64},[50,112484,611],{"class":604},[50,112486,1058],{"class":608},[50,112488,611],{"class":604},[50,112490,72],{"class":64},[50,112492,605],{"class":604},[50,112494,33291],{"class":608},[50,112496,611],{"class":604},[50,112498,72],{"class":64},[50,112500,605],{"class":604},[50,112502,1049],{"class":608},[50,112504,611],{"class":604},[50,112506,645],{"class":64},[20,112508,112509],{},"What this shows:",[158,112511,112512,112519,112522],{},[161,112513,112514,4472,112516,112518],{},[15,112515,65335],{},[15,112517,65762],{}," appear in both sets",[161,112520,112521],{},"they appear only once in the result",[161,112523,112524,416],{},[15,112525,112433],{},[36,112527,914,112529,101201],{"id":112528},"using-union-with-multiple-sets",[15,112530,102842],{},[20,112532,112533],{},"You can combine three or more sets in one call.",[41,112535,112537],{"className":43,"code":112536,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"set1 = {1, 2}\nset2 = {2, 3}\nset3 = {3, 4}\nset4 = {4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2, set3, set4)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,112538,112539,112555,112571,112588,112605,112609,112636,112640],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,112540,112541,112543,112545,112547,112549,112551,112553],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,112542,110744],{"class":56},[50,112544,61],{"class":60},[50,112546,632],{"class":64},[50,112548,366],{"class":68},[50,112550,72],{"class":64},[50,112552,80],{"class":68},[50,112554,645],{"class":64},[50,112556,112557,112559,112561,112563,112565,112567,112569],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,112558,110765],{"class":56},[50,112560,61],{"class":60},[50,112562,632],{"class":64},[50,112564,1564],{"class":68},[50,112566,72],{"class":64},[50,112568,500],{"class":68},[50,112570,645],{"class":64},[50,112572,112573,112576,112578,112580,112582,112584,112586],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,112574,112575],{"class":56},"set3 ",[50,112577,61],{"class":60},[50,112579,632],{"class":64},[50,112581,69],{"class":68},[50,112583,72],{"class":64},[50,112585,2554],{"class":68},[50,112587,645],{"class":64},[50,112589,112590,112593,112595,112597,112599,112601,112603],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,112591,112592],{"class":56},"set4 ",[50,112594,61],{"class":60},[50,112596,632],{"class":64},[50,112598,2602],{"class":68},[50,112600,72],{"class":64},[50,112602,375],{"class":68},[50,112604,645],{"class":64},[50,112606,112607],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,112608,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,112610,112611,112613,112615,112617,112619,112621,112623,112625,112627,112629,112631,112634],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,112612,89],{"class":56},[50,112614,61],{"class":60},[50,112616,110794],{"class":56},[50,112618,425],{"class":64},[50,112620,111312],{"class":101},[50,112622,98],{"class":64},[50,112624,100637],{"class":101},[50,112626,72],{"class":64},[50,112628,100664],{"class":101},[50,112630,72],{"class":64},[50,112632,112633],{"class":101}," set4",[50,112635,105],{"class":64},[50,112637,112638],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,112639,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,112641,112642,112644,112646,112648],{"class":52,"line":6503},[50,112643,118],{"class":94},[50,112645,98],{"class":64},[50,112647,123],{"class":101},[50,112649,105],{"class":64},[20,112651,30098],{},[41,112653,112655],{"className":43,"code":112654,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,112656,112657],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,112658,112659,112661,112663,112665,112667,112669,112671,112673,112675,112677,112679],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,112660,9357],{"class":64},[50,112662,366],{"class":68},[50,112664,72],{"class":64},[50,112666,80],{"class":68},[50,112668,72],{"class":64},[50,112670,500],{"class":68},[50,112672,72],{"class":64},[50,112674,2554],{"class":68},[50,112676,72],{"class":64},[50,112678,375],{"class":68},[50,112680,645],{"class":64},[20,112682,112683],{},"This is useful when collecting unique values from many sources.",[36,112685,914,112687,112689],{"id":112686},"using-union-with-other-iterables",[15,112688,102842],{}," with other iterables",[20,112691,112692,112694],{},[15,112693,102842],{}," does not only work with sets. It also accepts other iterables such as lists and tuples.",[222,112696,112698],{"id":112697},"with-a-list","With a list",[41,112700,112702],{"className":43,"code":112701,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nmore_numbers = [3, 4, 5, 5]\n\nresult = numbers.union(more_numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112703,112704,112724,112748,112752,112770],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,112705,112706,112708,112710,112712,112714,112716,112718,112720,112722],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,112707,57],{"class":56},[50,112709,61],{"class":60},[50,112711,632],{"class":64},[50,112713,366],{"class":68},[50,112715,72],{"class":64},[50,112717,80],{"class":68},[50,112719,72],{"class":64},[50,112721,500],{"class":68},[50,112723,645],{"class":64},[50,112725,112726,112728,112730,112732,112734,112736,112738,112740,112742,112744,112746],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,112727,61112],{"class":56},[50,112729,61],{"class":60},[50,112731,65],{"class":64},[50,112733,69],{"class":68},[50,112735,72],{"class":64},[50,112737,2554],{"class":68},[50,112739,72],{"class":64},[50,112741,375],{"class":68},[50,112743,72],{"class":64},[50,112745,375],{"class":68},[50,112747,83],{"class":64},[50,112749,112750],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,112751,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,112753,112754,112756,112758,112760,112762,112764,112766,112768],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,112755,89],{"class":56},[50,112757,61],{"class":60},[50,112759,4341],{"class":56},[50,112761,425],{"class":64},[50,112763,111312],{"class":101},[50,112765,98],{"class":64},[50,112767,61141],{"class":101},[50,112769,105],{"class":64},[50,112771,112772,112774,112776,112778],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,112773,118],{"class":94},[50,112775,98],{"class":64},[50,112777,123],{"class":101},[50,112779,105],{"class":64},[20,112781,30098],{},[41,112783,112784],{"className":43,"code":112654,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,112785,112786],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,112787,112788,112790,112792,112794,112796,112798,112800,112802,112804,112806,112808],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,112789,9357],{"class":64},[50,112791,366],{"class":68},[50,112793,72],{"class":64},[50,112795,80],{"class":68},[50,112797,72],{"class":64},[50,112799,500],{"class":68},[50,112801,72],{"class":64},[50,112803,2554],{"class":68},[50,112805,72],{"class":64},[50,112807,375],{"class":68},[50,112809,645],{"class":64},[20,112811,21047,112812,112814],{},[15,112813,290],{}," appears twice in the list, it appears only once in the result.",[222,112816,112818],{"id":112817},"with-a-tuple","With a tuple",[41,112820,112822],{"className":43,"code":112821,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nmore_letters = (\"b\", \"c\", \"d\")\n\nresult = letters.union(more_letters)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112823,112824,112848,112881,112885,112904],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,112825,112826,112828,112830,112832,112834,112836,112838,112840,112842,112844,112846],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,112827,36160],{"class":56},[50,112829,61],{"class":60},[50,112831,632],{"class":64},[50,112833,811],{"class":604},[50,112835,421],{"class":608},[50,112837,811],{"class":604},[50,112839,72],{"class":64},[50,112841,700],{"class":604},[50,112843,4839],{"class":608},[50,112845,811],{"class":604},[50,112847,645],{"class":64},[50,112849,112850,112853,112855,112857,112859,112861,112863,112865,112867,112869,112871,112873,112875,112877,112879],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,112851,112852],{"class":56},"more_letters ",[50,112854,61],{"class":60},[50,112856,521],{"class":64},[50,112858,811],{"class":604},[50,112860,4839],{"class":608},[50,112862,811],{"class":604},[50,112864,72],{"class":64},[50,112866,700],{"class":604},[50,112868,9817],{"class":608},[50,112870,811],{"class":604},[50,112872,72],{"class":64},[50,112874,700],{"class":604},[50,112876,18837],{"class":608},[50,112878,811],{"class":604},[50,112880,105],{"class":64},[50,112882,112883],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,112884,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,112886,112887,112889,112891,112893,112895,112897,112899,112902],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,112888,89],{"class":56},[50,112890,61],{"class":60},[50,112892,70157],{"class":56},[50,112894,425],{"class":64},[50,112896,111312],{"class":101},[50,112898,98],{"class":64},[50,112900,112901],{"class":101},"more_letters",[50,112903,105],{"class":64},[50,112905,112906,112908,112910,112912],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,112907,118],{"class":94},[50,112909,98],{"class":64},[50,112911,123],{"class":101},[50,112913,105],{"class":64},[20,112915,30098],{},[41,112917,112919],{"className":43,"code":112918,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'}\n",[15,112920,112921],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,112922,112923,112925,112927,112929,112931,112933,112935,112937,112939,112941,112943,112945,112947,112949,112951,112953,112955],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,112924,9357],{"class":64},[50,112926,611],{"class":604},[50,112928,421],{"class":608},[50,112930,611],{"class":604},[50,112932,72],{"class":64},[50,112934,605],{"class":604},[50,112936,4839],{"class":608},[50,112938,611],{"class":604},[50,112940,72],{"class":64},[50,112942,605],{"class":604},[50,112944,9817],{"class":608},[50,112946,611],{"class":604},[50,112948,72],{"class":64},[50,112950,605],{"class":604},[50,112952,18837],{"class":608},[50,112954,611],{"class":604},[50,112956,645],{"class":64},[222,112958,112960],{"id":112959},"with-a-string","With a string",[20,112962,112963],{},"A string is treated as an iterable of individual characters.",[41,112965,112967],{"className":43,"code":112966,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"chars = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nresult = chars.union(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,112968,112969,112994,113017,113021],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,112970,112971,112974,112976,112978,112980,112982,112984,112986,112988,112990,112992],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,112972,112973],{"class":56},"chars ",[50,112975,61],{"class":60},[50,112977,632],{"class":64},[50,112979,811],{"class":604},[50,112981,421],{"class":608},[50,112983,811],{"class":604},[50,112985,72],{"class":64},[50,112987,700],{"class":604},[50,112989,4839],{"class":608},[50,112991,811],{"class":604},[50,112993,645],{"class":64},[50,112995,112996,112998,113000,113003,113005,113007,113009,113011,113013,113015],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,112997,89],{"class":56},[50,112999,61],{"class":60},[50,113001,113002],{"class":56}," chars",[50,113004,425],{"class":64},[50,113006,111312],{"class":101},[50,113008,98],{"class":64},[50,113010,811],{"class":604},[50,113012,37116],{"class":608},[50,113014,811],{"class":604},[50,113016,105],{"class":64},[50,113018,113019],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,113020,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,113022,113023,113025,113027,113029],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,113024,118],{"class":94},[50,113026,98],{"class":64},[50,113028,123],{"class":101},[50,113030,105],{"class":64},[20,113032,30098],{},[41,113034,113036],{"className":43,"code":113035,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 't'}\n",[15,113037,113038],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,113039,113040,113042,113044,113046,113048,113050,113052,113054,113056,113058,113060,113062,113064,113066,113068,113070,113072],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,113041,9357],{"class":64},[50,113043,611],{"class":604},[50,113045,421],{"class":608},[50,113047,611],{"class":604},[50,113049,72],{"class":64},[50,113051,605],{"class":604},[50,113053,4839],{"class":608},[50,113055,611],{"class":604},[50,113057,72],{"class":64},[50,113059,605],{"class":604},[50,113061,9817],{"class":608},[50,113063,611],{"class":604},[50,113065,72],{"class":64},[50,113067,605],{"class":604},[50,113069,771],{"class":608},[50,113071,611],{"class":604},[50,113073,645],{"class":64},[20,113075,22258,113076,113079],{},[15,113077,113078],{},"\"cat\""," is processed as:",[158,113081,113082,113086,113090],{},[161,113083,113084],{},[15,113085,66542],{},[161,113087,113088],{},[15,113089,18165],{},[161,113091,113092],{},[15,113093,113094],{},"\"t\"",[36,113096,113098,1467,113100],{"id":113097},"union-vs-update",[15,113099,102842],{},[15,113101,15026],{},[20,113103,113104,4472,113106,113108],{},[15,113105,102842],{},[15,113107,15026],{}," are similar, but they behave differently.",[222,113110,113111],{"id":111312},[15,113112,102842],{},[158,113114,113115,113117],{},[161,113116,110674],{},[161,113118,110683],{},[41,113120,113121],{"className":43,"code":112207,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,113122,113123,113139,113155,113159,113177,113181,113193],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,113124,113125,113127,113129,113131,113133,113135,113137],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,113126,2652],{"class":56},[50,113128,61],{"class":60},[50,113130,632],{"class":64},[50,113132,366],{"class":68},[50,113134,72],{"class":64},[50,113136,80],{"class":68},[50,113138,645],{"class":64},[50,113140,113141,113143,113145,113147,113149,113151,113153],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,113142,2680],{"class":56},[50,113144,61],{"class":60},[50,113146,632],{"class":64},[50,113148,1564],{"class":68},[50,113150,72],{"class":64},[50,113152,500],{"class":68},[50,113154,645],{"class":64},[50,113156,113157],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,113158,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,113160,113161,113163,113165,113167,113169,113171,113173,113175],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,113162,89],{"class":56},[50,113164,61],{"class":60},[50,113166,56955],{"class":56},[50,113168,425],{"class":64},[50,113170,111312],{"class":101},[50,113172,98],{"class":64},[50,113174,4839],{"class":101},[50,113176,105],{"class":64},[50,113178,113179],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,113180,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,113182,113183,113185,113187,113189,113191],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,113184,118],{"class":94},[50,113186,98],{"class":64},[50,113188,123],{"class":101},[50,113190,126],{"class":64},[50,113192,112280],{"class":129},[50,113194,113195,113197,113199,113201,113203],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,113196,118],{"class":94},[50,113198,98],{"class":64},[50,113200,421],{"class":101},[50,113202,126],{"class":64},[50,113204,112293],{"class":129},[222,113206,113207],{"id":30533},[15,113208,15026],{},[158,113210,113211,113214],{},[161,113212,113213],{},"changes the existing set in place",[161,113215,113216],{},"does not create a separate result set",[41,113218,113220],{"className":43,"code":113219,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\n\nprint(a)  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,113221,113222,113238,113254,113258,113272,113276],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,113223,113224,113226,113228,113230,113232,113234,113236],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,113225,2652],{"class":56},[50,113227,61],{"class":60},[50,113229,632],{"class":64},[50,113231,366],{"class":68},[50,113233,72],{"class":64},[50,113235,80],{"class":68},[50,113237,645],{"class":64},[50,113239,113240,113242,113244,113246,113248,113250,113252],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,113241,2680],{"class":56},[50,113243,61],{"class":60},[50,113245,632],{"class":64},[50,113247,1564],{"class":68},[50,113249,72],{"class":64},[50,113251,500],{"class":68},[50,113253,645],{"class":64},[50,113255,113256],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,113257,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,113259,113260,113262,113264,113266,113268,113270],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,113261,421],{"class":56},[50,113263,425],{"class":64},[50,113265,30533],{"class":101},[50,113267,98],{"class":64},[50,113269,4839],{"class":101},[50,113271,105],{"class":64},[50,113273,113274],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,113275,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,113277,113278,113280,113282,113284,113286],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,113279,118],{"class":94},[50,113281,98],{"class":64},[50,113283,421],{"class":101},[50,113285,126],{"class":64},[50,113287,112280],{"class":129},[20,113289,920,113290,113292],{},[15,113291,102842],{}," when you want to keep the original set unchanged.",[20,113294,113295,113296,425],{},"For the in-place version, see ",[421,113297,13,113298,10816],{"href":98562},[15,113299,97357],{},[36,113301,4598],{"id":4597},[222,113303,8532,113305,113307],{"id":113304},"expecting-union-to-change-the-original-set",[15,113306,102842],{}," to change the original set",[20,113309,81871],{},[41,113311,113313],{"className":43,"code":113312,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,113314,113315,113331,113347,113351,113365],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,113316,113317,113319,113321,113323,113325,113327,113329],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,113318,2652],{"class":56},[50,113320,61],{"class":60},[50,113322,632],{"class":64},[50,113324,366],{"class":68},[50,113326,72],{"class":64},[50,113328,80],{"class":68},[50,113330,645],{"class":64},[50,113332,113333,113335,113337,113339,113341,113343,113345],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,113334,2680],{"class":56},[50,113336,61],{"class":60},[50,113338,632],{"class":64},[50,113340,1564],{"class":68},[50,113342,72],{"class":64},[50,113344,500],{"class":68},[50,113346,645],{"class":64},[50,113348,113349],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,113350,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,113352,113353,113355,113357,113359,113361,113363],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,113354,421],{"class":56},[50,113356,425],{"class":64},[50,113358,111312],{"class":101},[50,113360,98],{"class":64},[50,113362,4839],{"class":101},[50,113364,105],{"class":64},[50,113366,113367,113369,113371,113373],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,113368,118],{"class":94},[50,113370,98],{"class":64},[50,113372,421],{"class":101},[50,113374,105],{"class":64},[20,113376,353],{},[41,113378,113379],{"className":43,"code":100550,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,113380,113381],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,113382,113383,113385,113387,113389,113391],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,113384,9357],{"class":64},[50,113386,366],{"class":68},[50,113388,72],{"class":64},[50,113390,80],{"class":68},[50,113392,645],{"class":64},[20,113394,8575,113395,113397],{},[15,113396,102842],{}," returned a new set, but you did not save it.",[20,113399,113400],{},"Fix it like this:",[41,113402,113404],{"className":43,"code":113403,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na = a.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,113405,113406,113422,113438,113442,113460],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,113407,113408,113410,113412,113414,113416,113418,113420],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,113409,2652],{"class":56},[50,113411,61],{"class":60},[50,113413,632],{"class":64},[50,113415,366],{"class":68},[50,113417,72],{"class":64},[50,113419,80],{"class":68},[50,113421,645],{"class":64},[50,113423,113424,113426,113428,113430,113432,113434,113436],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,113425,2680],{"class":56},[50,113427,61],{"class":60},[50,113429,632],{"class":64},[50,113431,1564],{"class":68},[50,113433,72],{"class":64},[50,113435,500],{"class":68},[50,113437,645],{"class":64},[50,113439,113440],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,113441,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,113443,113444,113446,113448,113450,113452,113454,113456,113458],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,113445,2652],{"class":56},[50,113447,61],{"class":60},[50,113449,56955],{"class":56},[50,113451,425],{"class":64},[50,113453,111312],{"class":101},[50,113455,98],{"class":64},[50,113457,4839],{"class":101},[50,113459,105],{"class":64},[50,113461,113462,113464,113466,113468],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,113463,118],{"class":94},[50,113465,98],{"class":64},[50,113467,421],{"class":101},[50,113469,105],{"class":64},[222,113471,113473],{"id":113472},"assuming-the-result-keeps-insertion-order","Assuming the result keeps insertion order",[20,113475,113476],{},"Sets are unordered. Do not rely on the printed order.",[41,113478,113480],{"className":43,"code":113479,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = {3, 1}\nb = {2, 4}\n\nprint(a.union(b))\n",[15,113481,113482,113498,113514,113518],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,113483,113484,113486,113488,113490,113492,113494,113496],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,113485,2652],{"class":56},[50,113487,61],{"class":60},[50,113489,632],{"class":64},[50,113491,69],{"class":68},[50,113493,72],{"class":64},[50,113495,75],{"class":68},[50,113497,645],{"class":64},[50,113499,113500,113502,113504,113506,113508,113510,113512],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,113501,2680],{"class":56},[50,113503,61],{"class":60},[50,113505,632],{"class":64},[50,113507,1564],{"class":68},[50,113509,72],{"class":64},[50,113511,2554],{"class":68},[50,113513,645],{"class":64},[50,113515,113516],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,113517,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,113519,113520,113522,113524,113526,113528,113530,113532,113534],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,113521,118],{"class":94},[50,113523,98],{"class":64},[50,113525,421],{"class":101},[50,113527,425],{"class":64},[50,113529,111312],{"class":101},[50,113531,98],{"class":64},[50,113533,4839],{"class":101},[50,113535,478],{"class":64},[20,113537,113538],{},"The values may not appear in the order you expect.",[222,113540,113542],{"id":113541},"passing-a-string-and-forgetting-it-becomes-characters","Passing a string and forgetting it becomes characters",[41,113544,113546],{"className":43,"code":113545,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union(\"cat\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,113547,113548,113564,113586],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,113549,113550,113552,113554,113556,113558,113560,113562],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,113551,1040],{"class":56},[50,113553,61],{"class":60},[50,113555,632],{"class":64},[50,113557,811],{"class":604},[50,113559,58194],{"class":608},[50,113561,811],{"class":604},[50,113563,645],{"class":64},[50,113565,113566,113568,113570,113572,113574,113576,113578,113580,113582,113584],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,113567,89],{"class":56},[50,113569,61],{"class":60},[50,113571,6246],{"class":56},[50,113573,425],{"class":64},[50,113575,111312],{"class":101},[50,113577,98],{"class":64},[50,113579,811],{"class":604},[50,113581,37116],{"class":608},[50,113583,811],{"class":604},[50,113585,105],{"class":64},[50,113587,113588,113590,113592,113594],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,113589,118],{"class":94},[50,113591,98],{"class":64},[50,113593,123],{"class":101},[50,113595,105],{"class":64},[20,113597,113598,113599,31,113601,17144,113603,113605,113606,113608],{},"This adds ",[15,113600,66542],{},[15,113602,18165],{},[15,113604,113094],{}," as separate items, not ",[15,113607,113078],{}," as one item.",[20,113610,113611],{},"If you want the whole string as one item, put it inside another iterable:",[41,113613,113615],{"className":43,"code":113614,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union([\"cat\"])\nprint(result)\n",[15,113616,113617,113633,113655],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,113618,113619,113621,113623,113625,113627,113629,113631],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,113620,1040],{"class":56},[50,113622,61],{"class":60},[50,113624,632],{"class":64},[50,113626,811],{"class":604},[50,113628,58194],{"class":608},[50,113630,811],{"class":604},[50,113632,645],{"class":64},[50,113634,113635,113637,113639,113641,113643,113645,113647,113649,113651,113653],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,113636,89],{"class":56},[50,113638,61],{"class":60},[50,113640,6246],{"class":56},[50,113642,425],{"class":64},[50,113644,111312],{"class":101},[50,113646,1792],{"class":64},[50,113648,811],{"class":604},[50,113650,37116],{"class":608},[50,113652,811],{"class":604},[50,113654,3970],{"class":64},[50,113656,113657,113659,113661,113663],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,113658,118],{"class":94},[50,113660,98],{"class":64},[50,113662,123],{"class":101},[50,113664,105],{"class":64},[222,113666,113668],{"id":113667},"trying-to-use-unhashable-values-like-lists-inside-a-set","Trying to use unhashable values like lists inside a set",[20,113670,2934],{},[41,113672,113674],{"className":43,"code":113673,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_set = {1, 2, [3, 4]}\n",[15,113675,113676],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,113677,113678,113680,113682,113684,113686,113688,113690,113692,113694,113696,113698,113700],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,113679,15700],{"class":56},[50,113681,61],{"class":60},[50,113683,632],{"class":64},[50,113685,366],{"class":68},[50,113687,72],{"class":64},[50,113689,80],{"class":68},[50,113691,72],{"class":64},[50,113693,65],{"class":64},[50,113695,69],{"class":68},[50,113697,72],{"class":64},[50,113699,2554],{"class":68},[50,113701,13779],{"class":64},[20,113703,113704],{},"Lists cannot be set items because they are mutable and unhashable.",[20,113706,113707,113708,819],{},"But a list can be used as an argument to ",[15,113709,102842],{},[41,113711,113713],{"className":43,"code":113712,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.union([3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,113714,113715,113731,113753],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,113716,113717,113719,113721,113723,113725,113727,113729],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,113718,15700],{"class":56},[50,113720,61],{"class":60},[50,113722,632],{"class":64},[50,113724,366],{"class":68},[50,113726,72],{"class":64},[50,113728,80],{"class":68},[50,113730,645],{"class":64},[50,113732,113733,113735,113737,113739,113741,113743,113745,113747,113749,113751],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,113734,89],{"class":56},[50,113736,61],{"class":60},[50,113738,96967],{"class":56},[50,113740,425],{"class":64},[50,113742,111312],{"class":101},[50,113744,1792],{"class":64},[50,113746,69],{"class":68},[50,113748,72],{"class":64},[50,113750,2554],{"class":68},[50,113752,3970],{"class":64},[50,113754,113755,113757,113759,113761],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,113756,118],{"class":94},[50,113758,98],{"class":64},[50,113760,123],{"class":101},[50,113762,105],{"class":64},[36,113764,113766],{"id":113765},"common-causes-of-confusion","Common causes of confusion",[20,113768,113769],{},"Beginners often run into problems because they:",[158,113771,113772,113778,113785,113788],{},[161,113773,113774,113775,113777],{},"call ",[15,113776,102842],{}," without saving the returned set",[161,113779,113780,113781,8784,113783],{},"confuse ",[15,113782,102842],{},[15,113784,15026],{},[161,113786,113787],{},"expect duplicates to remain in the result",[161,113789,113790],{},"use a list as a set item instead of as an iterable argument",[20,113792,113793,113794,4472,113798,425],{},"If you need a different set operation, compare this method with ",[421,113795,13,113796,10816],{"href":102831},[15,113797,106616],{},[421,113799,13,113801,10816],{"href":113800},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method\u002F",[15,113802,100462],{},[20,113804,62359],{},[41,113806,113808],{"className":43,"code":113807,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(result)\nhelp(set.union)\n",[15,113809,113810,113820,113834,113844],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,113811,113812,113814,113816,113818],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,113813,118],{"class":94},[50,113815,98],{"class":64},[50,113817,15738],{"class":101},[50,113819,105],{"class":64},[50,113821,113822,113824,113826,113828,113830,113832],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,113823,118],{"class":94},[50,113825,98],{"class":64},[50,113827,558],{"class":557},[50,113829,98],{"class":64},[50,113831,15738],{"class":101},[50,113833,478],{"class":64},[50,113835,113836,113838,113840,113842],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,113837,118],{"class":94},[50,113839,98],{"class":64},[50,113841,123],{"class":101},[50,113843,105],{"class":64},[50,113845,113846,113848,113850,113852,113854,113856],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,113847,32222],{"class":94},[50,113849,98],{"class":64},[50,113851,617],{"class":557},[50,113853,425],{"class":64},[50,113855,111312],{"class":1400},[50,113857,105],{"class":64},[36,113859,1913],{"id":1912},[222,113861,1917,113863,102782],{"id":113862},"does-setunion-change-the-original-set",[15,113864,108086],{},[20,113866,102785],{},[222,113868,5248,113870,113872],{"id":113869},"can-union-combine-more-than-two-sets",[15,113871,102842],{}," combine more than two sets?",[20,113874,113875],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables in one call.",[222,113877,28398,113879,113881],{"id":113878},"can-i-use-union-with-a-list-or-tuple",[15,113880,102842],{}," with a list or tuple?",[20,113883,42222,113884,113886],{},[15,113885,102842],{}," accepts other iterables, not just sets.",[222,113888,113890],{"id":113889},"why-is-the-output-order-different-from-my-input","Why is the output order different from my input?",[20,113892,113893],{},"Sets are unordered, so their printed order is not guaranteed.",[222,113895,5258,113897,4472,113899,1943],{"id":113896},"what-is-the-difference-between-union-and",[15,113898,102842],{},[15,113900,113901],{},"|",[20,113903,113904,113905,113907,113908,113910],{},"They both combine sets. The ",[15,113906,113901],{}," operator is shorter, but ",[15,113909,102842],{}," can be clearer for beginners.",[36,113912,1975],{"id":1974},[158,113914,113915,113919,113925,113931,113937],{},[161,113916,113917],{},[421,113918,96371],{"href":97542},[161,113920,113921],{},[421,113922,13,113923,10816],{"href":98562},[15,113924,97357],{},[161,113926,113927],{},[421,113928,13,113929,10816],{"href":102831},[15,113930,106616],{},[161,113932,113933],{},[421,113934,13,113935,10816],{"href":113800},[15,113936,100462],{},[161,113938,113939],{},[421,113940,100387],{"href":99120},[2018,113942,113943],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":113945},[113946,113947,113949,113950,113951,113952,113954,113960,113965,113972,113973,113984],{"id":2104,"depth":86,"text":2105},{"id":112042,"depth":86,"text":113948},"What set.union() does",{"id":180,"depth":86,"text":181},{"id":22038,"depth":86,"text":22039},{"id":270,"depth":86,"text":271},{"id":112528,"depth":86,"text":113953},"Using union() with multiple sets",{"id":112686,"depth":86,"text":113955,"children":113956},"Using union() with other iterables",[113957,113958,113959],{"id":112697,"depth":108,"text":112698},{"id":112817,"depth":108,"text":112818},{"id":112959,"depth":108,"text":112960},{"id":113097,"depth":86,"text":113961,"children":113962},"union() vs update()",[113963,113964],{"id":111312,"depth":108,"text":102842},{"id":30533,"depth":108,"text":15026},{"id":4597,"depth":86,"text":4598,"children":113966},[113967,113969,113970,113971],{"id":113304,"depth":108,"text":113968},"Expecting union() to change the original set",{"id":113472,"depth":108,"text":113473},{"id":113541,"depth":108,"text":113542},{"id":113667,"depth":108,"text":113668},{"id":113765,"depth":86,"text":113766},{"id":1912,"depth":86,"text":1913,"children":113974},[113975,113977,113979,113981,113982],{"id":113862,"depth":108,"text":113976},"Does set.union() change the original set?",{"id":113869,"depth":108,"text":113978},"Can union() combine more than two sets?",{"id":113878,"depth":108,"text":113980},"Can I use union() with a list or tuple?",{"id":113889,"depth":108,"text":113890},{"id":113896,"depth":108,"text":113983},"What is the difference between union() and |?",{"id":1974,"depth":86,"text":1975},"Master python set union method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":111922,"description":113985},"reference\u002Fpython-set-union-method","D6cPAK59nZf4j4OQgu4vv6gSQXcaH0E3a84fD3g94Kw",{"id":113991,"title":113992,"body":113993,"description":115882,"extension":2064,"meta":115883,"navigation":111,"path":96856,"seo":115884,"stem":115885,"__hash__":115886},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method.md","Python Set update() Method",{"type":7,"value":113994,"toc":115848},[113995,114000,114005,114013,114015,114073,114078,114083,114087,114099,114102,114176,114181,114183,114185,114204,114206,114223,114226,114253,114255,114325,114329,114331,114337,114339,114400,114405,114407,114464,114468,114473,114538,114540,114560,114567,114571,114576,114661,114664,114671,114774,114778,114783,114841,114844,114855,114869,114876,114934,114941,114944,114954,114958,115016,115020,115086,115089,115147,115154,115161,115164,115168,115177,115246,115250,115256,115344,115354,115358,115362,115366,115369,115430,115435,115492,115496,115498,115533,115540,115542,115596,115603,115607,115610,115675,115684,115690,115747,115749,115754,115758,115762,115765,115772,115780,115784,115789,115793,115799,115801,115836,115845],[10,113996,96243,113998,11397],{"id":113997},"python-set-update-method",[15,113999,15026],{},[20,114001,114002,114004],{},[15,114003,97357],{}," adds multiple items from another iterable into an existing set.",[20,114006,114007,114008,114012],{},"Use it when you want to change a set in place with values from a list, tuple, set, string, or another iterable. It is different from ",[421,114009,114010],{"href":98543},[15,114011,96251],{},", which adds only one item.",[36,114014,39],{"id":38},[41,114016,114018],{"className":43,"code":114017,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114019,114020,114036,114058,114068],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,114021,114022,114024,114026,114028,114030,114032,114034],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,114023,57],{"class":56},[50,114025,61],{"class":60},[50,114027,632],{"class":64},[50,114029,366],{"class":68},[50,114031,72],{"class":64},[50,114033,80],{"class":68},[50,114035,645],{"class":64},[50,114037,114038,114040,114042,114044,114046,114048,114050,114052,114054,114056],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,114039,102],{"class":56},[50,114041,425],{"class":64},[50,114043,30533],{"class":101},[50,114045,1792],{"class":64},[50,114047,1564],{"class":68},[50,114049,72],{"class":64},[50,114051,500],{"class":68},[50,114053,72],{"class":64},[50,114055,2554],{"class":68},[50,114057,3970],{"class":64},[50,114059,114060,114062,114064,114066],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,114061,118],{"class":94},[50,114063,98],{"class":64},[50,114065,102],{"class":101},[50,114067,105],{"class":64},[50,114069,114070],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,114071,114072],{"class":129},"# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[20,114074,920,114075,114077],{},[15,114076,15026],{}," to add multiple items from a list, tuple, set, or other iterable into an existing set.",[36,114079,153,114081,156],{"id":114080},"what-setupdate-does",[15,114082,97357],{},[20,114084,114085,819],{},[15,114086,97357],{},[158,114088,114089,114092,114094,114097],{},[161,114090,114091],{},"Adds items from another iterable into the current set",[161,114093,96358],{},[161,114095,114096],{},"Ignores duplicate values automatically",[161,114098,96361],{},[20,114100,114101],{},"This means the set itself is modified.",[41,114103,114105],{"className":43,"code":114104,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.update([\"blue\", \"green\"])\n\nprint(colors)\n# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,114106,114107,114131,114157,114161,114171],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,114108,114109,114111,114113,114115,114117,114119,114121,114123,114125,114127,114129],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,114110,13149],{"class":56},[50,114112,61],{"class":60},[50,114114,632],{"class":64},[50,114116,811],{"class":604},[50,114118,13166],{"class":608},[50,114120,811],{"class":604},[50,114122,72],{"class":64},[50,114124,700],{"class":604},[50,114126,13183],{"class":608},[50,114128,811],{"class":604},[50,114130,645],{"class":64},[50,114132,114133,114135,114137,114139,114141,114143,114145,114147,114149,114151,114153,114155],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,114134,17572],{"class":56},[50,114136,425],{"class":64},[50,114138,30533],{"class":101},[50,114140,1792],{"class":64},[50,114142,811],{"class":604},[50,114144,13183],{"class":608},[50,114146,811],{"class":604},[50,114148,72],{"class":64},[50,114150,700],{"class":604},[50,114152,17525],{"class":608},[50,114154,811],{"class":604},[50,114156,3970],{"class":64},[50,114158,114159],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,114160,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,114162,114163,114165,114167,114169],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,114164,118],{"class":94},[50,114166,98],{"class":64},[50,114168,17572],{"class":101},[50,114170,105],{"class":64},[50,114172,114173],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,114174,114175],{"class":129},"# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[20,114177,21047,114178,114180],{},[15,114179,111077],{}," was added again, it appears only once because sets store unique values.",[36,114182,181],{"id":180},[20,114184,7297],{},[41,114186,114188],{"className":43,"code":114187,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_set.update(iterable)\n",[15,114189,114190],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,114191,114192,114194,114196,114198,114200,114202],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,114193,15738],{"class":56},[50,114195,425],{"class":64},[50,114197,30533],{"class":101},[50,114199,98],{"class":64},[50,114201,196],{"class":101},[50,114203,105],{"class":64},[20,114205,80247],{},[158,114207,114208,114211,114214,114217,114220],{},[161,114209,114210],{},"A list",[161,114212,114213],{},"A tuple",[161,114215,114216],{},"Another set",[161,114218,114219],{},"A string",[161,114221,114222],{},"Any other iterable",[20,114224,114225],{},"You can also pass multiple iterables at once:",[41,114227,114229],{"className":43,"code":114228,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_set.update(a, b, c)\n",[15,114230,114231],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,114232,114233,114235,114237,114239,114241,114243,114245,114247,114249,114251],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,114234,15738],{"class":56},[50,114236,425],{"class":64},[50,114238,30533],{"class":101},[50,114240,98],{"class":64},[50,114242,421],{"class":101},[50,114244,72],{"class":64},[50,114246,2657],{"class":101},[50,114248,72],{"class":64},[50,114250,9759],{"class":101},[50,114252,105],{"class":64},[20,114254,1602],{},[41,114256,114258],{"className":43,"code":114257,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"values = {1}\nvalues.update([2, 3], (4, 5), {6})\n\nprint(values)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[15,114259,114260,114272,114306,114310,114320],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,114261,114262,114264,114266,114268,114270],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,114263,516],{"class":56},[50,114265,61],{"class":60},[50,114267,632],{"class":64},[50,114269,366],{"class":68},[50,114271,645],{"class":64},[50,114273,114274,114276,114278,114280,114282,114284,114286,114288,114290,114292,114294,114296,114298,114300,114302,114304],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,114275,546],{"class":56},[50,114277,425],{"class":64},[50,114279,30533],{"class":101},[50,114281,1792],{"class":64},[50,114283,1564],{"class":68},[50,114285,72],{"class":64},[50,114287,500],{"class":68},[50,114289,1860],{"class":64},[50,114291,521],{"class":64},[50,114293,2602],{"class":68},[50,114295,72],{"class":64},[50,114297,375],{"class":68},[50,114299,9313],{"class":64},[50,114301,632],{"class":64},[50,114303,80638],{"class":68},[50,114305,30565],{"class":64},[50,114307,114308],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,114309,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,114311,114312,114314,114316,114318],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,114313,118],{"class":94},[50,114315,98],{"class":64},[50,114317,546],{"class":101},[50,114319,105],{"class":64},[50,114321,114322],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,114323,114324],{"class":129},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[20,114326,96367,114327,425],{},[421,114328,96375],{"href":97926},[36,114330,22039],{"id":22038},[20,114332,114333,2494,114335,425],{},[15,114334,97357],{},[15,114336,208],{},[20,114338,11789],{},[41,114340,114342],{"className":43,"code":114341,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = {1, 2}\nresult = numbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,114343,114344,114360,114382,114386,114396],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,114345,114346,114348,114350,114352,114354,114356,114358],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,114347,57],{"class":56},[50,114349,61],{"class":60},[50,114351,632],{"class":64},[50,114353,366],{"class":68},[50,114355,72],{"class":64},[50,114357,80],{"class":68},[50,114359,645],{"class":64},[50,114361,114362,114364,114366,114368,114370,114372,114374,114376,114378,114380],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,114363,89],{"class":56},[50,114365,61],{"class":60},[50,114367,4341],{"class":56},[50,114369,425],{"class":64},[50,114371,30533],{"class":101},[50,114373,1792],{"class":64},[50,114375,69],{"class":68},[50,114377,72],{"class":64},[50,114379,2554],{"class":68},[50,114381,3970],{"class":64},[50,114383,114384],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,114385,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,114387,114388,114390,114392,114394],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,114389,118],{"class":94},[50,114391,98],{"class":64},[50,114393,123],{"class":101},[50,114395,105],{"class":64},[50,114397,114398],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,114399,61895],{"class":129},[20,114401,114402,114403,425],{},"The updated values are stored in the original set, not in ",[15,114404,123],{},[20,114406,19038],{},[41,114408,114410],{"className":43,"code":114409,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114411,114412,114428,114446,114450,114460],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,114413,114414,114416,114418,114420,114422,114424,114426],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,114415,57],{"class":56},[50,114417,61],{"class":60},[50,114419,632],{"class":64},[50,114421,366],{"class":68},[50,114423,72],{"class":64},[50,114425,80],{"class":68},[50,114427,645],{"class":64},[50,114429,114430,114432,114434,114436,114438,114440,114442,114444],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,114431,102],{"class":56},[50,114433,425],{"class":64},[50,114435,30533],{"class":101},[50,114437,1792],{"class":64},[50,114439,69],{"class":68},[50,114441,72],{"class":64},[50,114443,2554],{"class":68},[50,114445,3970],{"class":64},[50,114447,114448],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,114449,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,114451,114452,114454,114456,114458],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,114453,118],{"class":94},[50,114455,98],{"class":64},[50,114457,102],{"class":101},[50,114459,105],{"class":64},[50,114461,114462],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,114463,114072],{"class":129},[36,114465,114467],{"id":114466},"example-update-with-a-list","Example: update with a list",[20,114469,114470,114471,425],{},"A list is one of the most common things to pass to ",[15,114472,15026],{},[41,114474,114476],{"className":43,"code":114475,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114477,114478,114494,114520,114524,114534],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,114479,114480,114482,114484,114486,114488,114490,114492],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,114481,57],{"class":56},[50,114483,61],{"class":60},[50,114485,632],{"class":64},[50,114487,366],{"class":68},[50,114489,72],{"class":64},[50,114491,80],{"class":68},[50,114493,645],{"class":64},[50,114495,114496,114498,114500,114502,114504,114506,114508,114510,114512,114514,114516,114518],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,114497,102],{"class":56},[50,114499,425],{"class":64},[50,114501,30533],{"class":101},[50,114503,1792],{"class":64},[50,114505,1564],{"class":68},[50,114507,72],{"class":64},[50,114509,500],{"class":68},[50,114511,72],{"class":64},[50,114513,2554],{"class":68},[50,114515,72],{"class":64},[50,114517,2554],{"class":68},[50,114519,3970],{"class":64},[50,114521,114522],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,114523,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,114525,114526,114528,114530,114532],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,114527,118],{"class":94},[50,114529,98],{"class":64},[50,114531,102],{"class":101},[50,114533,105],{"class":64},[50,114535,114536],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,114537,114072],{"class":129},[20,114539,11758],{},[158,114541,114542,114547,114554],{},[161,114543,114544,114546],{},[15,114545,1564],{}," is already in the set, so nothing changes for that value",[161,114548,114549,4472,114551,114553],{},[15,114550,69],{},[15,114552,2602],{}," are added",[161,114555,114556,114557,114559],{},"The second ",[15,114558,2602],{}," is ignored because sets do not keep duplicates",[20,114561,114562,114563,114566],{},"This is one reason sets are useful when you want unique values. For example, you can ",[421,114564,114565],{"href":99120},"remove duplicates from a list in Python"," by converting the list to a set.",[36,114568,114570],{"id":114569},"example-update-with-another-set","Example: update with another set",[20,114572,7842,114573,114575],{},[15,114574,15026],{}," to combine values from one set into another.",[41,114577,114579],{"className":43,"code":114578,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\nset_a.update(set_b)\n\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,114580,114581,114602,114623,114627,114643,114647,114657],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,114582,114583,114586,114588,114590,114592,114594,114596,114598,114600],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,114584,114585],{"class":56},"set_a ",[50,114587,61],{"class":60},[50,114589,632],{"class":64},[50,114591,366],{"class":68},[50,114593,72],{"class":64},[50,114595,80],{"class":68},[50,114597,72],{"class":64},[50,114599,500],{"class":68},[50,114601,645],{"class":64},[50,114603,114604,114607,114609,114611,114613,114615,114617,114619,114621],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,114605,114606],{"class":56},"set_b ",[50,114608,61],{"class":60},[50,114610,632],{"class":64},[50,114612,69],{"class":68},[50,114614,72],{"class":64},[50,114616,2554],{"class":68},[50,114618,72],{"class":64},[50,114620,375],{"class":68},[50,114622,645],{"class":64},[50,114624,114625],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,114626,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,114628,114629,114632,114634,114636,114638,114641],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,114630,114631],{"class":56},"set_a",[50,114633,425],{"class":64},[50,114635,30533],{"class":101},[50,114637,98],{"class":64},[50,114639,114640],{"class":101},"set_b",[50,114642,105],{"class":64},[50,114644,114645],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,114646,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,114648,114649,114651,114653,114655],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,114650,118],{"class":94},[50,114652,98],{"class":64},[50,114654,114631],{"class":101},[50,114656,105],{"class":64},[50,114658,114659],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,114660,112034],{"class":129},[20,114662,114663],{},"This is useful when you want to keep only unique values and modify the original set.",[20,114665,114666,114667,425],{},"If you want a new combined set instead of changing the original, use ",[421,114668,114669],{"href":102839},[15,114670,108086],{},[41,114672,114674],{"className":43,"code":114673,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\ncombined = set_a.union(set_b)\n\nprint(combined)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,114675,114676,114696,114716,114720,114740,114744,114755,114759,114769],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,114677,114678,114680,114682,114684,114686,114688,114690,114692,114694],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,114679,114585],{"class":56},[50,114681,61],{"class":60},[50,114683,632],{"class":64},[50,114685,366],{"class":68},[50,114687,72],{"class":64},[50,114689,80],{"class":68},[50,114691,72],{"class":64},[50,114693,500],{"class":68},[50,114695,645],{"class":64},[50,114697,114698,114700,114702,114704,114706,114708,114710,114712,114714],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,114699,114606],{"class":56},[50,114701,61],{"class":60},[50,114703,632],{"class":64},[50,114705,69],{"class":68},[50,114707,72],{"class":64},[50,114709,2554],{"class":68},[50,114711,72],{"class":64},[50,114713,375],{"class":68},[50,114715,645],{"class":64},[50,114717,114718],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,114719,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,114721,114722,114725,114727,114730,114732,114734,114736,114738],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,114723,114724],{"class":56},"combined ",[50,114726,61],{"class":60},[50,114728,114729],{"class":56}," set_a",[50,114731,425],{"class":64},[50,114733,111312],{"class":101},[50,114735,98],{"class":64},[50,114737,114640],{"class":101},[50,114739,105],{"class":64},[50,114741,114742],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,114743,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,114745,114746,114748,114750,114753],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,114747,118],{"class":94},[50,114749,98],{"class":64},[50,114751,114752],{"class":101},"combined",[50,114754,105],{"class":64},[50,114756,114757],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,114758,112034],{"class":129},[50,114760,114761,114763,114765,114767],{"class":52,"line":6503},[50,114762,118],{"class":94},[50,114764,98],{"class":64},[50,114766,114631],{"class":101},[50,114768,105],{"class":64},[50,114770,114771],{"class":52,"line":6509},[50,114772,114773],{"class":129},"# {1, 2, 3}\n",[36,114775,114777],{"id":114776},"example-update-with-a-string","Example: update with a string",[20,114779,64800,114780,114782],{},[15,114781,15026],{}," adds each character separately.",[41,114784,114786],{"className":43,"code":114785,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"letters = {\"x\"}\nletters.update(\"cat\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[15,114787,114788,114804,114822,114826,114836],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,114789,114790,114792,114794,114796,114798,114800,114802],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,114791,36160],{"class":56},[50,114793,61],{"class":60},[50,114795,632],{"class":64},[50,114797,811],{"class":604},[50,114799,2273],{"class":608},[50,114801,811],{"class":604},[50,114803,645],{"class":64},[50,114805,114806,114808,114810,114812,114814,114816,114818,114820],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,114807,36213],{"class":56},[50,114809,425],{"class":64},[50,114811,30533],{"class":101},[50,114813,98],{"class":64},[50,114815,811],{"class":604},[50,114817,37116],{"class":608},[50,114819,811],{"class":604},[50,114821,105],{"class":64},[50,114823,114824],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,114825,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,114827,114828,114830,114832,114834],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,114829,118],{"class":94},[50,114831,98],{"class":64},[50,114833,36213],{"class":101},[50,114835,105],{"class":64},[50,114837,114838],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,114839,114840],{"class":129},"# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[20,114842,114843],{},"This often surprises beginners.",[20,114845,114846,14126,114849,114851,114852,114854],{},[15,114847,114848],{},"update(\"cat\")",[3824,114850,4709],{}," add ",[15,114853,113078],{}," as one item. It adds:",[158,114856,114857,114861,114865],{},[161,114858,114859],{},[15,114860,66542],{},[161,114862,114863],{},[15,114864,18165],{},[161,114866,114867],{},[15,114868,113094],{},[20,114870,114871,114872,819],{},"If you want to add one whole value, use ",[421,114873,114874],{"href":98543},[15,114875,96251],{},[41,114877,114879],{"className":43,"code":114878,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = {\"dog\"}\nwords.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(words)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,114880,114881,114897,114915,114919,114929],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,114882,114883,114885,114887,114889,114891,114893,114895],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,114884,1040],{"class":56},[50,114886,61],{"class":60},[50,114888,632],{"class":64},[50,114890,811],{"class":604},[50,114892,58194],{"class":608},[50,114894,811],{"class":604},[50,114896,645],{"class":64},[50,114898,114899,114901,114903,114905,114907,114909,114911,114913],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,114900,1088],{"class":56},[50,114902,425],{"class":64},[50,114904,82150],{"class":101},[50,114906,98],{"class":64},[50,114908,811],{"class":604},[50,114910,37116],{"class":608},[50,114912,811],{"class":604},[50,114914,105],{"class":64},[50,114916,114917],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,114918,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,114920,114921,114923,114925,114927],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,114922,118],{"class":94},[50,114924,98],{"class":64},[50,114926,1088],{"class":101},[50,114928,105],{"class":64},[50,114930,114931],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,114932,114933],{"class":129},"# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[36,114935,114937,1467,114939],{"id":114936},"update-vs-add",[15,114938,15026],{},[15,114940,96246],{},[20,114942,114943],{},"The difference is simple:",[158,114945,114946,114950],{},[161,114947,114948,96845],{},[15,114949,96246],{},[161,114951,114952,96850],{},[15,114953,15026],{},[20,114955,46110,114956,819],{},[15,114957,96246],{},[41,114959,114961],{"className":43,"code":114960,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.add(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[15,114962,114963,114979,114997,115001,115011],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,114964,114965,114967,114969,114971,114973,114975,114977],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,114966,36307],{"class":56},[50,114968,61],{"class":60},[50,114970,632],{"class":64},[50,114972,811],{"class":604},[50,114974,1049],{"class":608},[50,114976,811],{"class":604},[50,114978,645],{"class":64},[50,114980,114981,114983,114985,114987,114989,114991,114993,114995],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,114982,36359],{"class":56},[50,114984,425],{"class":64},[50,114986,82150],{"class":101},[50,114988,98],{"class":64},[50,114990,811],{"class":604},[50,114992,1058],{"class":608},[50,114994,811],{"class":604},[50,114996,105],{"class":64},[50,114998,114999],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,115000,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,115002,115003,115005,115007,115009],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,115004,118],{"class":94},[50,115006,98],{"class":64},[50,115008,36359],{"class":101},[50,115010,105],{"class":64},[50,115012,115013],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,115014,115015],{"class":129},"# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[20,115017,46110,115018,819],{},[15,115019,15026],{},[41,115021,115023],{"className":43,"code":115022,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update([\"banana\", \"orange\"])\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[15,115024,115025,115041,115067,115071,115081],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,115026,115027,115029,115031,115033,115035,115037,115039],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,115028,36307],{"class":56},[50,115030,61],{"class":60},[50,115032,632],{"class":64},[50,115034,811],{"class":604},[50,115036,1049],{"class":608},[50,115038,811],{"class":604},[50,115040,645],{"class":64},[50,115042,115043,115045,115047,115049,115051,115053,115055,115057,115059,115061,115063,115065],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,115044,36359],{"class":56},[50,115046,425],{"class":64},[50,115048,30533],{"class":101},[50,115050,1792],{"class":64},[50,115052,811],{"class":604},[50,115054,1058],{"class":608},[50,115056,811],{"class":604},[50,115058,72],{"class":64},[50,115060,700],{"class":604},[50,115062,33291],{"class":608},[50,115064,811],{"class":604},[50,115066,3970],{"class":64},[50,115068,115069],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,115070,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,115072,115073,115075,115077,115079],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,115074,118],{"class":94},[50,115076,98],{"class":64},[50,115078,36359],{"class":101},[50,115080,105],{"class":64},[50,115082,115083],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,115084,115085],{"class":129},"# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[20,115087,115088],{},"Important warning with strings:",[41,115090,115092],{"className":43,"code":115091,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update(\"kiwi\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[15,115093,115094,115110,115128,115132,115142],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,115095,115096,115098,115100,115102,115104,115106,115108],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,115097,36307],{"class":56},[50,115099,61],{"class":60},[50,115101,632],{"class":64},[50,115103,811],{"class":604},[50,115105,1049],{"class":608},[50,115107,811],{"class":604},[50,115109,645],{"class":64},[50,115111,115112,115114,115116,115118,115120,115122,115124,115126],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,115113,36359],{"class":56},[50,115115,425],{"class":64},[50,115117,30533],{"class":101},[50,115119,98],{"class":64},[50,115121,811],{"class":604},[50,115123,1238],{"class":608},[50,115125,811],{"class":604},[50,115127,105],{"class":64},[50,115129,115130],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,115131,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,115133,115134,115136,115138,115140],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,115135,118],{"class":94},[50,115137,98],{"class":64},[50,115139,36359],{"class":101},[50,115141,105],{"class":64},[50,115143,115144],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,115145,115146],{"class":129},"# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[20,115148,62170,115149,62243,115152,6709],{},[15,115150,115151],{},"\"kiwi\"",[15,115153,96246],{},[36,115155,115157,1467,115159],{"id":115156},"update-vs-union",[15,115158,15026],{},[15,115160,102842],{},[20,115162,115163],{},"Both can combine values, but they work differently.",[222,115165,115166],{"id":30533},[15,115167,15026],{},[158,115169,115170,115173],{},[161,115171,115172],{},"Changes the existing set",[161,115174,11499,115175],{},[15,115176,208],{},[41,115178,115180],{"className":43,"code":115179,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,115181,115182,115198,115214,115218,115232,115242],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,115183,115184,115186,115188,115190,115192,115194,115196],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,115185,2652],{"class":56},[50,115187,61],{"class":60},[50,115189,632],{"class":64},[50,115191,366],{"class":68},[50,115193,72],{"class":64},[50,115195,80],{"class":68},[50,115197,645],{"class":64},[50,115199,115200,115202,115204,115206,115208,115210,115212],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,115201,2680],{"class":56},[50,115203,61],{"class":60},[50,115205,632],{"class":64},[50,115207,1564],{"class":68},[50,115209,72],{"class":64},[50,115211,500],{"class":68},[50,115213,645],{"class":64},[50,115215,115216],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,115217,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,115219,115220,115222,115224,115226,115228,115230],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,115221,421],{"class":56},[50,115223,425],{"class":64},[50,115225,30533],{"class":101},[50,115227,98],{"class":64},[50,115229,4839],{"class":101},[50,115231,105],{"class":64},[50,115233,115234,115236,115238,115240],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,115235,118],{"class":94},[50,115237,98],{"class":64},[50,115239,421],{"class":101},[50,115241,105],{"class":64},[50,115243,115244],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,115245,114773],{"class":129},[222,115247,115248],{"id":111312},[15,115249,102842],{},[158,115251,115252,115254],{},[161,115253,101380],{},[161,115255,101383],{},[41,115257,115259],{"className":43,"code":115258,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nc = a.union(b)\nprint(c)\n# {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2}\n",[15,115260,115261,115277,115293,115297,115315,115325,115329,115339],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,115262,115263,115265,115267,115269,115271,115273,115275],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,115264,2652],{"class":56},[50,115266,61],{"class":60},[50,115268,632],{"class":64},[50,115270,366],{"class":68},[50,115272,72],{"class":64},[50,115274,80],{"class":68},[50,115276,645],{"class":64},[50,115278,115279,115281,115283,115285,115287,115289,115291],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,115280,2680],{"class":56},[50,115282,61],{"class":60},[50,115284,632],{"class":64},[50,115286,1564],{"class":68},[50,115288,72],{"class":64},[50,115290,500],{"class":68},[50,115292,645],{"class":64},[50,115294,115295],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,115296,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,115298,115299,115301,115303,115305,115307,115309,115311,115313],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,115300,83230],{"class":56},[50,115302,61],{"class":60},[50,115304,56955],{"class":56},[50,115306,425],{"class":64},[50,115308,111312],{"class":101},[50,115310,98],{"class":64},[50,115312,4839],{"class":101},[50,115314,105],{"class":64},[50,115316,115317,115319,115321,115323],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,115318,118],{"class":94},[50,115320,98],{"class":64},[50,115322,9817],{"class":101},[50,115324,105],{"class":64},[50,115326,115327],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,115328,114773],{"class":129},[50,115330,115331,115333,115335,115337],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,115332,118],{"class":94},[50,115334,98],{"class":64},[50,115336,421],{"class":101},[50,115338,105],{"class":64},[50,115340,115341],{"class":52,"line":6503},[50,115342,115343],{"class":129},"# {1, 2}\n",[20,115345,107728,115346,115348,115349,115353],{},[15,115347,15026],{}," when you want to modify the original set in place. Choose ",[421,115350,115351],{"href":102839},[15,115352,102842],{}," when you want a new set.",[36,115355,115357],{"id":115356},"common-errors-and-confusion","Common errors and confusion",[20,115359,10823,115360,425],{},[15,115361,97357],{},[222,115363,115365],{"id":115364},"_1-saving-the-return-value","1. Saving the return value",[20,115367,115368],{},"This is wrong if you expect a set back:",[41,115370,115372],{"className":43,"code":115371,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,115373,115374,115390,115412,115416,115426],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,115375,115376,115378,115380,115382,115384,115386,115388],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,115377,15700],{"class":56},[50,115379,61],{"class":60},[50,115381,632],{"class":64},[50,115383,366],{"class":68},[50,115385,72],{"class":64},[50,115387,80],{"class":68},[50,115389,645],{"class":64},[50,115391,115392,115394,115396,115398,115400,115402,115404,115406,115408,115410],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,115393,89],{"class":56},[50,115395,61],{"class":60},[50,115397,96967],{"class":56},[50,115399,425],{"class":64},[50,115401,30533],{"class":101},[50,115403,1792],{"class":64},[50,115405,69],{"class":68},[50,115407,72],{"class":64},[50,115409,2554],{"class":68},[50,115411,3970],{"class":64},[50,115413,115414],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,115415,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,115417,115418,115420,115422,115424],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,115419,118],{"class":94},[50,115421,98],{"class":64},[50,115423,123],{"class":101},[50,115425,105],{"class":64},[50,115427,115428],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,115429,61895],{"class":129},[20,115431,115432,115433,819],{},"Use the original set after calling ",[15,115434,15026],{},[41,115436,115438],{"className":43,"code":115437,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,115439,115440,115456,115474,115478,115488],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,115441,115442,115444,115446,115448,115450,115452,115454],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,115443,15700],{"class":56},[50,115445,61],{"class":60},[50,115447,632],{"class":64},[50,115449,366],{"class":68},[50,115451,72],{"class":64},[50,115453,80],{"class":68},[50,115455,645],{"class":64},[50,115457,115458,115460,115462,115464,115466,115468,115470,115472],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,115459,15738],{"class":56},[50,115461,425],{"class":64},[50,115463,30533],{"class":101},[50,115465,1792],{"class":64},[50,115467,69],{"class":68},[50,115469,72],{"class":64},[50,115471,2554],{"class":68},[50,115473,3970],{"class":64},[50,115475,115476],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,115477,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,115479,115480,115482,115484,115486],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,115481,118],{"class":94},[50,115483,98],{"class":64},[50,115485,15738],{"class":101},[50,115487,105],{"class":64},[50,115489,115490],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,115491,114072],{"class":129},[222,115493,115495],{"id":115494},"_2-passing-a-non-iterable","2. Passing a non-iterable",[20,115497,2934],{},[41,115499,115501],{"className":43,"code":115500,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update(5)\n",[15,115502,115503,115519],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,115504,115505,115507,115509,115511,115513,115515,115517],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,115506,15700],{"class":56},[50,115508,61],{"class":60},[50,115510,632],{"class":64},[50,115512,366],{"class":68},[50,115514,72],{"class":64},[50,115516,80],{"class":68},[50,115518,645],{"class":64},[50,115520,115521,115523,115525,115527,115529,115531],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,115522,15738],{"class":56},[50,115524,425],{"class":64},[50,115526,30533],{"class":101},[50,115528,98],{"class":64},[50,115530,290],{"class":68},[50,115532,105],{"class":64},[20,115534,62349,115535,8681,115537,115539],{},[15,115536,1542],{},[15,115538,290],{}," is an integer, not an iterable.",[20,115541,6632],{},[41,115543,115545],{"className":43,"code":115544,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([5])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 5}\n",[15,115546,115547,115563,115577,115581,115591],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,115548,115549,115551,115553,115555,115557,115559,115561],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,115550,15700],{"class":56},[50,115552,61],{"class":60},[50,115554,632],{"class":64},[50,115556,366],{"class":68},[50,115558,72],{"class":64},[50,115560,80],{"class":68},[50,115562,645],{"class":64},[50,115564,115565,115567,115569,115571,115573,115575],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,115566,15738],{"class":56},[50,115568,425],{"class":64},[50,115570,30533],{"class":101},[50,115572,1792],{"class":64},[50,115574,290],{"class":68},[50,115576,3970],{"class":64},[50,115578,115579],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,115580,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,115582,115583,115585,115587,115589],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,115584,118],{"class":94},[50,115586,98],{"class":64},[50,115588,15738],{"class":101},[50,115590,105],{"class":64},[50,115592,115593],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,115594,115595],{"class":129},"# {1, 2, 5}\n",[20,115597,45983,115598,425],{},[421,115599,25748,115600],{"href":52669},[15,115601,115602],{},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable",[222,115604,115606],{"id":115605},"_3-expecting-duplicates-to-stay","3. Expecting duplicates to stay",[20,115608,115609],{},"Sets only keep unique values.",[41,115611,115613],{"className":43,"code":115612,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([2, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,115614,115615,115631,115657,115661,115671],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,115616,115617,115619,115621,115623,115625,115627,115629],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,115618,15700],{"class":56},[50,115620,61],{"class":60},[50,115622,632],{"class":64},[50,115624,366],{"class":68},[50,115626,72],{"class":64},[50,115628,80],{"class":68},[50,115630,645],{"class":64},[50,115632,115633,115635,115637,115639,115641,115643,115645,115647,115649,115651,115653,115655],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,115634,15738],{"class":56},[50,115636,425],{"class":64},[50,115638,30533],{"class":101},[50,115640,1792],{"class":64},[50,115642,1564],{"class":68},[50,115644,72],{"class":64},[50,115646,80],{"class":68},[50,115648,72],{"class":64},[50,115650,80],{"class":68},[50,115652,72],{"class":64},[50,115654,500],{"class":68},[50,115656,3970],{"class":64},[50,115658,115659],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,115660,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,115662,115663,115665,115667,115669],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,115664,118],{"class":94},[50,115666,98],{"class":64},[50,115668,15738],{"class":101},[50,115670,105],{"class":64},[50,115672,115673],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,115674,114773],{"class":129},[222,115676,115678,115679,44699,115681,115683],{"id":115677},"_4-using-update-when-add-is-better","4. Using ",[15,115680,15026],{},[15,115682,96246],{}," is better",[20,115685,115686,115687,115689],{},"If you want to add one single value, especially a string, ",[15,115688,96246],{}," is usually the better choice.",[41,115691,115693],{"className":43,"code":115692,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_set = {\"dog\"}\nmy_set.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,115694,115695,115711,115729,115733,115743],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,115696,115697,115699,115701,115703,115705,115707,115709],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,115698,15700],{"class":56},[50,115700,61],{"class":60},[50,115702,632],{"class":64},[50,115704,811],{"class":604},[50,115706,58194],{"class":608},[50,115708,811],{"class":604},[50,115710,645],{"class":64},[50,115712,115713,115715,115717,115719,115721,115723,115725,115727],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,115714,15738],{"class":56},[50,115716,425],{"class":64},[50,115718,82150],{"class":101},[50,115720,98],{"class":64},[50,115722,811],{"class":604},[50,115724,37116],{"class":608},[50,115726,811],{"class":604},[50,115728,105],{"class":64},[50,115730,115731],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,115732,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,115734,115735,115737,115739,115741],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,115736,118],{"class":94},[50,115738,98],{"class":64},[50,115740,15738],{"class":101},[50,115742,105],{"class":64},[50,115744,115745],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,115746,114933],{"class":129},[36,115748,1913],{"id":1912},[222,115750,1917,115752,97336],{"id":115751},"does-setupdate-return-a-new-set",[15,115753,97357],{},[20,115755,97339,115756,425],{},[15,115757,208],{},[222,115759,28398,115760,32296],{"id":32293},[15,115761,15026],{},[20,115763,115764],{},"Yes. Any iterable like a list, tuple, set, or string can be used.",[222,115766,5258,115768,4472,115770,1943],{"id":115767},"what-is-the-difference-between-add-and-update",[15,115769,96246],{},[15,115771,15026],{},[20,115773,115774,115776,115777,115779],{},[15,115775,96246],{}," adds one item. ",[15,115778,15026],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable.",[222,115781,115783],{"id":115782},"why-did-my-string-get-split-into-letters","Why did my string get split into letters?",[20,115785,115786,115787,114782],{},"Because strings are iterable, so ",[15,115788,15026],{},[222,115790,115792],{"id":115791},"how-do-i-combine-two-sets-without-changing-the-original","How do I combine two sets without changing the original?",[20,115794,920,115795,1940,115797,425],{},[15,115796,102842],{},[15,115798,15026],{},[36,115800,1975],{"id":1974},[158,115802,115803,115810,115817,115823,115829],{},[161,115804,115805],{},[421,115806,115807],{"href":98543},[15,115808,115809],{},"Python set add() method",[161,115811,115812],{},[421,115813,115814],{"href":102839},[15,115815,115816],{},"Python set union() method",[161,115818,115819],{},[421,115820,115821],{"href":97926},[15,115822,97381],{},[161,115824,115825],{},[421,115826,115827],{"href":99120},[15,115828,100387],{},[161,115830,115831],{},[421,115832,115833,115835],{"href":52669},[15,115834,115602],{}," fix",[20,115837,115838,115839,115841,115842,115844],{},"Next, learn when to use ",[15,115840,96251],{}," for a single value and ",[15,115843,108086],{}," when you want a new combined set without changing the original.",[2018,115846,115847],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":115849},[115850,115851,115853,115854,115855,115856,115857,115858,115860,115865,115872,115881],{"id":38,"depth":86,"text":39},{"id":114080,"depth":86,"text":115852},"What set.update() does",{"id":180,"depth":86,"text":181},{"id":22038,"depth":86,"text":22039},{"id":114466,"depth":86,"text":114467},{"id":114569,"depth":86,"text":114570},{"id":114776,"depth":86,"text":114777},{"id":114936,"depth":86,"text":115859},"update() vs add()",{"id":115156,"depth":86,"text":115861,"children":115862},"update() vs union()",[115863,115864],{"id":30533,"depth":108,"text":15026},{"id":111312,"depth":108,"text":102842},{"id":115356,"depth":86,"text":115357,"children":115866},[115867,115868,115869,115870],{"id":115364,"depth":108,"text":115365},{"id":115494,"depth":108,"text":115495},{"id":115605,"depth":108,"text":115606},{"id":115677,"depth":108,"text":115871},"4. Using update() when add() is better",{"id":1912,"depth":86,"text":1913,"children":115873},[115874,115876,115877,115879,115880],{"id":115751,"depth":108,"text":115875},"Does set.update() return a new set?",{"id":32293,"depth":108,"text":32366},{"id":115767,"depth":108,"text":115878},"What is the difference between add() and update()?",{"id":115782,"depth":108,"text":115783},{"id":115791,"depth":108,"text":115792},{"id":1974,"depth":86,"text":1975},"Master python set update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":113992,"description":115882},"reference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","O92kX80vUFExg-dtCXumAvm7IuzEHXgSTW4bzDeyLc8",{"id":115888,"title":115889,"body":115890,"description":117656,"extension":2064,"meta":117657,"navigation":111,"path":13862,"seo":117658,"stem":117659,"__hash__":117660},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained.md","Python shallow copy vs deep copy Explained",{"type":7,"value":115891,"toc":117631},[115892,115895,115898,115901,115912,115920,115923,115925,116074,116086,116090,116107,116111,116119,116121,116132,116134,116231,116237,116240,116336,116345,116350,116354,116359,116361,116371,116373,116482,116490,116494,116497,116500,116517,116523,116603,116606,116610,116613,116617,116620,116679,116682,116686,116689,116781,116785,116788,116895,116899,116905,116933,116935,117017,117027,117031,117034,117045,117048,117133,117136,117141,117145,117148,117159,117162,117304,117307,117311,117314,117328,117331,117392,117398,117400,117403,117425,117428,117528,117531,117563,117565,117569,117572,117574,117577,117581,117584,117588,117591,117595,117598,117600,117628],[10,115893,115889],{"id":115894},"python-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained",[20,115896,115897],{},"When you copy data in Python, the result is not always fully independent from the original.",[20,115899,115900],{},"This is especially important with nested data, such as:",[158,115902,115903,115906,115909],{},[161,115904,115905],{},"a list inside another list",[161,115907,115908],{},"a dictionary containing lists",[161,115910,115911],{},"a list of dictionaries",[20,115913,100309,115914,4472,115916,115919],{},[3824,115915,12924],{},[3824,115917,115918],{},"deep copy"," is about what gets copied and what stays shared.",[20,115921,115922],{},"If you get this wrong, changing one object can unexpectedly change another.",[36,115924,2105],{"id":2104},[41,115926,115928],{"className":43,"code":115927,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = copy.copy(original)\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(shallow)   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(deep)      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[15,115929,115930,115937,115941,115967,115987,116007,116011,116029,116033,116046,116060],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,115931,115932,115934],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,115933,35161],{"class":3957},[50,115935,115936],{"class":56}," copy\n",[50,115938,115939],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,115940,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,115942,115943,115945,115947,115949,115951,115953,115955,115957,115959,115961,115963,115965],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,115944,12160],{"class":56},[50,115946,61],{"class":60},[50,115948,56361],{"class":64},[50,115950,366],{"class":68},[50,115952,72],{"class":64},[50,115954,80],{"class":68},[50,115956,1860],{"class":64},[50,115958,65],{"class":64},[50,115960,69],{"class":68},[50,115962,72],{"class":64},[50,115964,2554],{"class":68},[50,115966,53311],{"class":64},[50,115968,115969,115972,115974,115977,115979,115981,115983,115985],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,115970,115971],{"class":56},"shallow ",[50,115973,61],{"class":60},[50,115975,115976],{"class":56}," copy",[50,115978,425],{"class":64},[50,115980,12984],{"class":101},[50,115982,98],{"class":64},[50,115984,12207],{"class":101},[50,115986,105],{"class":64},[50,115988,115989,115992,115994,115996,115998,116001,116003,116005],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,115990,115991],{"class":56},"deep ",[50,115993,61],{"class":60},[50,115995,115976],{"class":56},[50,115997,425],{"class":64},[50,115999,116000],{"class":101},"deepcopy",[50,116002,98],{"class":64},[50,116004,12207],{"class":101},[50,116006,105],{"class":64},[50,116008,116009],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,116010,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,116012,116013,116015,116017,116019,116021,116023,116025,116027],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,116014,12207],{"class":56},[50,116016,363],{"class":64},[50,116018,2220],{"class":68},[50,116020,13623],{"class":64},[50,116022,13626],{"class":101},[50,116024,98],{"class":64},[50,116026,56414],{"class":68},[50,116028,105],{"class":64},[50,116030,116031],{"class":52,"line":6503},[50,116032,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,116034,116035,116037,116039,116041,116043],{"class":52,"line":6509},[50,116036,118],{"class":94},[50,116038,98],{"class":64},[50,116040,12207],{"class":101},[50,116042,126],{"class":64},[50,116044,116045],{"class":129},"  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[50,116047,116048,116050,116052,116055,116057],{"class":52,"line":6514},[50,116049,118],{"class":94},[50,116051,98],{"class":64},[50,116053,116054],{"class":101},"shallow",[50,116056,126],{"class":64},[50,116058,116059],{"class":129},"   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[50,116061,116062,116064,116066,116069,116071],{"class":52,"line":11669},[50,116063,118],{"class":94},[50,116065,98],{"class":64},[50,116067,116068],{"class":101},"deep",[50,116070,126],{"class":64},[50,116072,116073],{"class":129},"      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[20,116075,920,116076,116079,116080,4472,116082,116085],{},[15,116077,116078],{},"copy.copy()"," for a ",[3824,116081,12924],{},[15,116083,116084],{},"copy.deepcopy()"," when you need fully independent nested objects.",[36,116087,116089],{"id":116088},"what-this-page-helps-you-understand","What this page helps you understand",[158,116091,116092,116095,116098,116101,116104],{},[161,116093,116094],{},"What a copy means in Python",[161,116096,116097],{},"How shallow copy works",[161,116099,116100],{},"How deep copy works",[161,116102,116103],{},"Why nested objects cause confusion",[161,116105,116106],{},"When to use each approach",[36,116108,116110],{"id":116109},"what-a-shallow-copy-does","What a shallow copy does",[20,116112,15261,116113,116115,116116,116118],{},[3824,116114,12924],{}," creates a new outer object, but it does ",[3824,116117,4709],{}," fully copy the nested objects inside it.",[20,116120,2207],{},[158,116122,116123,116126,116129],{},[161,116124,116125],{},"the outer container is new",[161,116127,116128],{},"inner lists or dictionaries may still be shared",[161,116130,116131],{},"changing a nested mutable object can affect both versions",[20,116133,1602],{},[41,116135,116137],{"className":43,"code":116136,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append([5, 6])\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[15,116138,116139,116165,116179,116183,116201,116205,116218],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,116140,116141,116143,116145,116147,116149,116151,116153,116155,116157,116159,116161,116163],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,116142,12160],{"class":56},[50,116144,61],{"class":60},[50,116146,56361],{"class":64},[50,116148,366],{"class":68},[50,116150,72],{"class":64},[50,116152,80],{"class":68},[50,116154,1860],{"class":64},[50,116156,65],{"class":64},[50,116158,69],{"class":68},[50,116160,72],{"class":64},[50,116162,2554],{"class":68},[50,116164,53311],{"class":64},[50,116166,116167,116169,116171,116173,116175,116177],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,116168,14384],{"class":56},[50,116170,61],{"class":60},[50,116172,12235],{"class":56},[50,116174,425],{"class":64},[50,116176,12984],{"class":101},[50,116178,8722],{"class":64},[50,116180,116181],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,116182,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,116184,116185,116187,116189,116191,116193,116195,116197,116199],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,116186,14403],{"class":56},[50,116188,425],{"class":64},[50,116190,13626],{"class":101},[50,116192,1792],{"class":64},[50,116194,290],{"class":68},[50,116196,72],{"class":64},[50,116198,37713],{"class":68},[50,116200,3970],{"class":64},[50,116202,116203],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,116204,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,116206,116207,116209,116211,116213,116215],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,116208,118],{"class":94},[50,116210,98],{"class":64},[50,116212,12207],{"class":101},[50,116214,126],{"class":64},[50,116216,116217],{"class":129},"  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[50,116219,116220,116222,116224,116226,116228],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,116221,118],{"class":94},[50,116223,98],{"class":64},[50,116225,14403],{"class":101},[50,116227,126],{"class":64},[50,116229,116230],{"class":129},"    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[20,116232,116233,116234,116236],{},"In this case, appending a new top-level item only changes ",[15,116235,14403],{},", because the outer list is different.",[20,116238,116239],{},"But now look at a nested change:",[41,116241,116243],{"className":43,"code":116242,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,116244,116245,116271,116285,116289,116307,116311,116323],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,116246,116247,116249,116251,116253,116255,116257,116259,116261,116263,116265,116267,116269],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,116248,12160],{"class":56},[50,116250,61],{"class":60},[50,116252,56361],{"class":64},[50,116254,366],{"class":68},[50,116256,72],{"class":64},[50,116258,80],{"class":68},[50,116260,1860],{"class":64},[50,116262,65],{"class":64},[50,116264,69],{"class":68},[50,116266,72],{"class":64},[50,116268,2554],{"class":68},[50,116270,53311],{"class":64},[50,116272,116273,116275,116277,116279,116281,116283],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,116274,14384],{"class":56},[50,116276,61],{"class":60},[50,116278,12235],{"class":56},[50,116280,425],{"class":64},[50,116282,12984],{"class":101},[50,116284,8722],{"class":64},[50,116286,116287],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,116288,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,116290,116291,116293,116295,116297,116299,116301,116303,116305],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,116292,14403],{"class":56},[50,116294,363],{"class":64},[50,116296,2220],{"class":68},[50,116298,13623],{"class":64},[50,116300,13626],{"class":101},[50,116302,98],{"class":64},[50,116304,56414],{"class":68},[50,116306,105],{"class":64},[50,116308,116309],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,116310,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,116312,116313,116315,116317,116319,116321],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,116314,118],{"class":94},[50,116316,98],{"class":64},[50,116318,12207],{"class":101},[50,116320,126],{"class":64},[50,116322,116045],{"class":129},[50,116324,116325,116327,116329,116331,116333],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,116326,118],{"class":94},[50,116328,98],{"class":64},[50,116330,14403],{"class":101},[50,116332,126],{"class":64},[50,116334,116335],{"class":129},"    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[20,116337,116338,116339,4472,116341,116344],{},"Both changed because ",[15,116340,56518],{},[15,116342,116343],{},"copied[0]"," point to the same inner list.",[20,116346,116347,116348,425],{},"If you are new to this, it helps to first understand ",[421,116349,44005],{"href":12139},[36,116351,116353],{"id":116352},"what-a-deep-copy-does","What a deep copy does",[20,116355,15261,116356,116358],{},[3824,116357,115918],{}," creates a new outer object and also recursively copies the nested objects inside it.",[20,116360,2207],{},[158,116362,116363,116365,116368],{},[161,116364,116125],{},[161,116366,116367],{},"nested mutable objects are also new",[161,116369,116370],{},"changes inside nested structures do not affect the original",[20,116372,1602],{},[41,116374,116376],{"className":43,"code":116375,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,116377,116378,116384,116388,116414,116432,116436,116454,116458,116470],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,116379,116380,116382],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,116381,35161],{"class":3957},[50,116383,115936],{"class":56},[50,116385,116386],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,116387,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,116389,116390,116392,116394,116396,116398,116400,116402,116404,116406,116408,116410,116412],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,116391,12160],{"class":56},[50,116393,61],{"class":60},[50,116395,56361],{"class":64},[50,116397,366],{"class":68},[50,116399,72],{"class":64},[50,116401,80],{"class":68},[50,116403,1860],{"class":64},[50,116405,65],{"class":64},[50,116407,69],{"class":68},[50,116409,72],{"class":64},[50,116411,2554],{"class":68},[50,116413,53311],{"class":64},[50,116415,116416,116418,116420,116422,116424,116426,116428,116430],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,116417,14384],{"class":56},[50,116419,61],{"class":60},[50,116421,115976],{"class":56},[50,116423,425],{"class":64},[50,116425,116000],{"class":101},[50,116427,98],{"class":64},[50,116429,12207],{"class":101},[50,116431,105],{"class":64},[50,116433,116434],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,116435,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,116437,116438,116440,116442,116444,116446,116448,116450,116452],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,116439,14403],{"class":56},[50,116441,363],{"class":64},[50,116443,2220],{"class":68},[50,116445,13623],{"class":64},[50,116447,13626],{"class":101},[50,116449,98],{"class":64},[50,116451,56414],{"class":68},[50,116453,105],{"class":64},[50,116455,116456],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,116457,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,116459,116460,116462,116464,116466,116468],{"class":52,"line":6503},[50,116461,118],{"class":94},[50,116463,98],{"class":64},[50,116465,12207],{"class":101},[50,116467,126],{"class":64},[50,116469,116217],{"class":129},[50,116471,116472,116474,116476,116478,116480],{"class":52,"line":6509},[50,116473,118],{"class":94},[50,116475,98],{"class":64},[50,116477,14403],{"class":101},[50,116479,126],{"class":64},[50,116481,116335],{"class":129},[20,116483,116484,116485,116487,116488,425],{},"Here, the inner list was copied too, so changing ",[15,116486,116343],{}," does not change ",[15,116489,56518],{},[36,116491,116493],{"id":116492},"why-beginners-get-confused","Why beginners get confused",[20,116495,116496],{},"This topic is confusing because copying often appears to work at first.",[20,116498,116499],{},"Common reasons:",[158,116501,116502,116505,116508,116514],{},[161,116503,116504],{},"Simple lists of numbers often behave as expected",[161,116506,116507],{},"Problems usually appear only with nested lists or dictionaries",[161,116509,116510,116511,116513],{},"Assignment with ",[15,116512,61],{}," does not make a copy",[161,116515,116516],{},"Some methods make shallow copies, not deep copies",[20,116518,116519,116520,116522],{},"For example, this does ",[3824,116521,4709],{}," create a copy:",[41,116524,116526],{"className":43,"code":116525,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,116527,116528,116548,116556,116560,116574,116578,116590],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,116529,116530,116532,116534,116536,116538,116540,116542,116544,116546],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,116531,12160],{"class":56},[50,116533,61],{"class":60},[50,116535,65],{"class":64},[50,116537,366],{"class":68},[50,116539,72],{"class":64},[50,116541,80],{"class":68},[50,116543,72],{"class":64},[50,116545,500],{"class":68},[50,116547,83],{"class":64},[50,116549,116550,116552,116554],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,116551,14384],{"class":56},[50,116553,61],{"class":60},[50,116555,12198],{"class":56},[50,116557,116558],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,116559,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,116561,116562,116564,116566,116568,116570,116572],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,116563,14403],{"class":56},[50,116565,425],{"class":64},[50,116567,13626],{"class":101},[50,116569,98],{"class":64},[50,116571,2602],{"class":68},[50,116573,105],{"class":64},[50,116575,116576],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,116577,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,116579,116580,116582,116584,116586,116588],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,116581,118],{"class":94},[50,116583,98],{"class":64},[50,116585,12207],{"class":101},[50,116587,126],{"class":64},[50,116589,55768],{"class":129},[50,116591,116592,116594,116596,116598,116600],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,116593,118],{"class":94},[50,116595,98],{"class":64},[50,116597,14403],{"class":101},[50,116599,126],{"class":64},[50,116601,116602],{"class":129},"    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,116604,116605],{},"Both names refer to the same list.",[36,116607,116609],{"id":116608},"assignment-vs-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy","Assignment vs shallow copy vs deep copy",[20,116611,116612],{},"These three ideas are different.",[222,116614,116616],{"id":116615},"assignment","Assignment",[20,116618,116619],{},"With assignment, both names point to the same object.",[41,116621,116623],{"className":43,"code":116622,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nassigned = original\n\nprint(original is assigned)  # True\n",[15,116624,116625,116651,116659,116663],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,116626,116627,116629,116631,116633,116635,116637,116639,116641,116643,116645,116647,116649],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,116628,12160],{"class":56},[50,116630,61],{"class":60},[50,116632,56361],{"class":64},[50,116634,366],{"class":68},[50,116636,72],{"class":64},[50,116638,80],{"class":68},[50,116640,1860],{"class":64},[50,116642,65],{"class":64},[50,116644,69],{"class":68},[50,116646,72],{"class":64},[50,116648,2554],{"class":68},[50,116650,53311],{"class":64},[50,116652,116653,116655,116657],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,116654,14175],{"class":56},[50,116656,61],{"class":60},[50,116658,12198],{"class":56},[50,116660,116661],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,116662,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,116664,116665,116667,116669,116671,116673,116675,116677],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,116666,118],{"class":94},[50,116668,98],{"class":64},[50,116670,12160],{"class":101},[50,116672,12268],{"class":3957},[50,116674,14243],{"class":101},[50,116676,126],{"class":64},[50,116678,3747],{"class":129},[20,116680,116681],{},"Changing one changes the other.",[222,116683,116685],{"id":116684},"shallow-copy","Shallow copy",[20,116687,116688],{},"With a shallow copy, the outer object is new, but inner objects are shared.",[41,116690,116692],{"className":43,"code":116691,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = original.copy()\n\nprint(original is shallow)      # False\nprint(original[0] is shallow[0])  # True\n",[15,116693,116694,116720,116734,116738,116755],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,116695,116696,116698,116700,116702,116704,116706,116708,116710,116712,116714,116716,116718],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,116697,12160],{"class":56},[50,116699,61],{"class":60},[50,116701,56361],{"class":64},[50,116703,366],{"class":68},[50,116705,72],{"class":64},[50,116707,80],{"class":68},[50,116709,1860],{"class":64},[50,116711,65],{"class":64},[50,116713,69],{"class":68},[50,116715,72],{"class":64},[50,116717,2554],{"class":68},[50,116719,53311],{"class":64},[50,116721,116722,116724,116726,116728,116730,116732],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,116723,115971],{"class":56},[50,116725,61],{"class":60},[50,116727,12235],{"class":56},[50,116729,425],{"class":64},[50,116731,12984],{"class":101},[50,116733,8722],{"class":64},[50,116735,116736],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,116737,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,116739,116740,116742,116744,116746,116748,116751,116753],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,116741,118],{"class":94},[50,116743,98],{"class":64},[50,116745,12160],{"class":101},[50,116747,12268],{"class":3957},[50,116749,116750],{"class":101}," shallow",[50,116752,126],{"class":64},[50,116754,21270],{"class":129},[50,116756,116757,116759,116761,116763,116765,116767,116769,116771,116773,116775,116777,116779],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,116758,118],{"class":94},[50,116760,98],{"class":64},[50,116762,12207],{"class":101},[50,116764,363],{"class":64},[50,116766,2220],{"class":68},[50,116768,13346],{"class":64},[50,116770,8175],{"class":3957},[50,116772,116750],{"class":101},[50,116774,363],{"class":64},[50,116776,2220],{"class":68},[50,116778,20516],{"class":64},[50,116780,3747],{"class":129},[222,116782,116784],{"id":116783},"deep-copy","Deep copy",[20,116786,116787],{},"With a deep copy, both the outer object and inner objects are copied.",[41,116789,116791],{"className":43,"code":116790,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\nprint(original is deep)         # False\nprint(original[0] is deep[0])   # False\n",[15,116792,116793,116799,116803,116829,116847,116851,116869],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,116794,116795,116797],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,116796,35161],{"class":3957},[50,116798,115936],{"class":56},[50,116800,116801],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,116802,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,116804,116805,116807,116809,116811,116813,116815,116817,116819,116821,116823,116825,116827],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,116806,12160],{"class":56},[50,116808,61],{"class":60},[50,116810,56361],{"class":64},[50,116812,366],{"class":68},[50,116814,72],{"class":64},[50,116816,80],{"class":68},[50,116818,1860],{"class":64},[50,116820,65],{"class":64},[50,116822,69],{"class":68},[50,116824,72],{"class":64},[50,116826,2554],{"class":68},[50,116828,53311],{"class":64},[50,116830,116831,116833,116835,116837,116839,116841,116843,116845],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,116832,115991],{"class":56},[50,116834,61],{"class":60},[50,116836,115976],{"class":56},[50,116838,425],{"class":64},[50,116840,116000],{"class":101},[50,116842,98],{"class":64},[50,116844,12207],{"class":101},[50,116846,105],{"class":64},[50,116848,116849],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,116850,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,116852,116853,116855,116857,116859,116861,116864,116866],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,116854,118],{"class":94},[50,116856,98],{"class":64},[50,116858,12160],{"class":101},[50,116860,12268],{"class":3957},[50,116862,116863],{"class":101}," deep",[50,116865,126],{"class":64},[50,116867,116868],{"class":129},"         # False\n",[50,116870,116871,116873,116875,116877,116879,116881,116883,116885,116887,116889,116891,116893],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,116872,118],{"class":94},[50,116874,98],{"class":64},[50,116876,12207],{"class":101},[50,116878,363],{"class":64},[50,116880,2220],{"class":68},[50,116882,13346],{"class":64},[50,116884,8175],{"class":3957},[50,116886,116863],{"class":101},[50,116888,363],{"class":64},[50,116890,2220],{"class":68},[50,116892,20516],{"class":64},[50,116894,43941],{"class":129},[36,116896,116898],{"id":116897},"common-ways-to-make-a-shallow-copy","Common ways to make a shallow copy",[20,116900,116901,116902,819],{},"These all make ",[3824,116903,116904],{},"shallow copies",[158,116906,116907,116911,116915,116920,116926],{},[161,116908,116909],{},[15,116910,55669],{},[161,116912,116913],{},[15,116914,12509],{},[161,116916,116917],{},[15,116918,116919],{},"set.copy()",[161,116921,116922,116923],{},"list slicing like ",[15,116924,116925],{},"my_list[:]",[161,116927,116928,116930,116931,35151],{},[15,116929,116078],{}," from the ",[15,116932,12984],{},[20,116934,2226],{},[41,116936,116938],{"className":43,"code":116937,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\na = numbers.copy()\nb = numbers[:]\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,116939,116940,116960,116964,116978,116989,116993,117005],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,116941,116942,116944,116946,116948,116950,116952,116954,116956,116958],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,116943,57],{"class":56},[50,116945,61],{"class":60},[50,116947,65],{"class":64},[50,116949,366],{"class":68},[50,116951,72],{"class":64},[50,116953,80],{"class":68},[50,116955,72],{"class":64},[50,116957,500],{"class":68},[50,116959,83],{"class":64},[50,116961,116962],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,116963,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,116965,116966,116968,116970,116972,116974,116976],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,116967,2652],{"class":56},[50,116969,61],{"class":60},[50,116971,4341],{"class":56},[50,116973,425],{"class":64},[50,116975,12984],{"class":101},[50,116977,8722],{"class":64},[50,116979,116980,116982,116984,116986],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,116981,2680],{"class":56},[50,116983,61],{"class":60},[50,116985,4341],{"class":56},[50,116987,116988],{"class":64},"[:]\n",[50,116990,116991],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,116992,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,116994,116995,116997,116999,117001,117003],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,116996,118],{"class":94},[50,116998,98],{"class":64},[50,117000,421],{"class":101},[50,117002,126],{"class":64},[50,117004,55001],{"class":129},[50,117006,117007,117009,117011,117013,117015],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,117008,118],{"class":94},[50,117010,98],{"class":64},[50,117012,4839],{"class":101},[50,117014,126],{"class":64},[50,117016,55001],{"class":129},[20,117018,73201,117019,47604,117023,425],{},[421,117020,117021,10816],{"href":55029},[15,117022,55669],{},[421,117024,117025,10816],{"href":12506},[15,117026,12509],{},[36,117028,117030],{"id":117029},"when-shallow-copy-is-enough","When shallow copy is enough",[20,117032,117033],{},"A shallow copy is often enough when:",[158,117035,117036,117039,117042],{},[161,117037,117038],{},"your data is flat and not nested",[161,117040,117041],{},"you only need a separate outer container",[161,117043,117044],{},"you do not plan to change nested mutable values",[20,117046,117047],{},"Example with a flat list:",[41,117049,117051],{"className":43,"code":117050,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,117052,117053,117073,117087,117091,117105,117109,117121],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,117054,117055,117057,117059,117061,117063,117065,117067,117069,117071],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,117056,12160],{"class":56},[50,117058,61],{"class":60},[50,117060,65],{"class":64},[50,117062,366],{"class":68},[50,117064,72],{"class":64},[50,117066,80],{"class":68},[50,117068,72],{"class":64},[50,117070,500],{"class":68},[50,117072,83],{"class":64},[50,117074,117075,117077,117079,117081,117083,117085],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,117076,14384],{"class":56},[50,117078,61],{"class":60},[50,117080,12235],{"class":56},[50,117082,425],{"class":64},[50,117084,12984],{"class":101},[50,117086,8722],{"class":64},[50,117088,117089],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,117090,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,117092,117093,117095,117097,117099,117101,117103],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,117094,14403],{"class":56},[50,117096,425],{"class":64},[50,117098,13626],{"class":101},[50,117100,98],{"class":64},[50,117102,2602],{"class":68},[50,117104,105],{"class":64},[50,117106,117107],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,117108,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,117110,117111,117113,117115,117117,117119],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,117112,118],{"class":94},[50,117114,98],{"class":64},[50,117116,12207],{"class":101},[50,117118,126],{"class":64},[50,117120,55001],{"class":129},[50,117122,117123,117125,117127,117129,117131],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,117124,118],{"class":94},[50,117126,98],{"class":64},[50,117128,14403],{"class":101},[50,117130,126],{"class":64},[50,117132,116602],{"class":129},[20,117134,117135],{},"This works fine because the list contains integers, and integers are immutable.",[20,117137,117138,117139,425],{},"If you just want the common ways to duplicate a list, see ",[421,117140,14960],{"href":57286},[36,117142,117144],{"id":117143},"when-deep-copy-is-safer","When deep copy is safer",[20,117146,117147],{},"A deep copy is safer when:",[158,117149,117150,117153,117156],{},[161,117151,117152],{},"your data contains nested lists, dictionaries, or sets",[161,117154,117155],{},"you need to modify inner values without changing the original",[161,117157,117158],{},"you want a fully independent duplicate",[20,117160,117161],{},"Example with a dictionary containing a list:",[41,117163,117165],{"className":43,"code":117164,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"import copy\n\noriginal = {\"scores\": [10, 20]}\nshallow = original.copy()\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[\"scores\"].append(30)\n\nprint(original)  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(shallow)   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(deep)      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[15,117166,117167,117173,117177,117203,117217,117235,117239,117261,117265,117278,117291],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,117168,117169,117171],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,117170,35161],{"class":3957},[50,117172,115936],{"class":56},[50,117174,117175],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,117176,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,117178,117179,117181,117183,117185,117187,117189,117191,117193,117195,117197,117199,117201],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,117180,12160],{"class":56},[50,117182,61],{"class":60},[50,117184,632],{"class":64},[50,117186,811],{"class":604},[50,117188,16460],{"class":608},[50,117190,811],{"class":604},[50,117192,819],{"class":64},[50,117194,65],{"class":64},[50,117196,1618],{"class":68},[50,117198,72],{"class":64},[50,117200,840],{"class":68},[50,117202,13779],{"class":64},[50,117204,117205,117207,117209,117211,117213,117215],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,117206,115971],{"class":56},[50,117208,61],{"class":60},[50,117210,12235],{"class":56},[50,117212,425],{"class":64},[50,117214,12984],{"class":101},[50,117216,8722],{"class":64},[50,117218,117219,117221,117223,117225,117227,117229,117231,117233],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,117220,115991],{"class":56},[50,117222,61],{"class":60},[50,117224,115976],{"class":56},[50,117226,425],{"class":64},[50,117228,116000],{"class":101},[50,117230,98],{"class":64},[50,117232,12207],{"class":101},[50,117234,105],{"class":64},[50,117236,117237],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,117238,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,117240,117241,117243,117245,117247,117249,117251,117253,117255,117257,117259],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,117242,12207],{"class":56},[50,117244,363],{"class":64},[50,117246,811],{"class":604},[50,117248,16460],{"class":608},[50,117250,811],{"class":604},[50,117252,13623],{"class":64},[50,117254,13626],{"class":101},[50,117256,98],{"class":64},[50,117258,36910],{"class":68},[50,117260,105],{"class":64},[50,117262,117263],{"class":52,"line":6503},[50,117264,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,117266,117267,117269,117271,117273,117275],{"class":52,"line":6509},[50,117268,118],{"class":94},[50,117270,98],{"class":64},[50,117272,12207],{"class":101},[50,117274,126],{"class":64},[50,117276,117277],{"class":129},"  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[50,117279,117280,117282,117284,117286,117288],{"class":52,"line":6514},[50,117281,118],{"class":94},[50,117283,98],{"class":64},[50,117285,116054],{"class":101},[50,117287,126],{"class":64},[50,117289,117290],{"class":129},"   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[50,117292,117293,117295,117297,117299,117301],{"class":52,"line":11669},[50,117294,118],{"class":94},[50,117296,98],{"class":64},[50,117298,116068],{"class":101},[50,117300,126],{"class":64},[50,117302,117303],{"class":129},"      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[20,117305,117306],{},"The shallow copy still shares the inner list. The deep copy does not.",[36,117308,117310],{"id":117309},"important-limits-and-caution","Important limits and caution",[20,117312,117313],{},"Keep these points in mind:",[158,117315,117316,117319,117322,117325],{},[161,117317,117318],{},"Deep copy can be slower on large objects",[161,117320,117321],{},"Not every object copies cleanly in every situation",[161,117323,117324],{},"Copy only when you really need a separate object",[161,117326,117327],{},"Immutable values like integers and strings do not cause the same shared-mutation problem",[20,117329,117330],{},"For example, strings and integers do not behave like nested lists because they cannot be changed in place.",[41,117332,117334],{"className":43,"code":117333,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = 10\nb = a\n\nb = 20\n\nprint(a)  # 10\nprint(b)  # 20\n",[15,117335,117336,117344,117352,117356,117364,117368,117380],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,117337,117338,117340,117342],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,117339,2652],{"class":56},[50,117341,61],{"class":60},[50,117343,2685],{"class":68},[50,117345,117346,117348,117350],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,117347,2680],{"class":56},[50,117349,61],{"class":60},[50,117351,36245],{"class":56},[50,117353,117354],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,117355,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,117357,117358,117360,117362],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,117359,2680],{"class":56},[50,117361,61],{"class":60},[50,117363,14687],{"class":68},[50,117365,117366],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,117367,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,117369,117370,117372,117374,117376,117378],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,117371,118],{"class":94},[50,117373,98],{"class":64},[50,117375,421],{"class":101},[50,117377,126],{"class":64},[50,117379,26864],{"class":129},[50,117381,117382,117384,117386,117388,117390],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,117383,118],{"class":94},[50,117385,98],{"class":64},[50,117387,4839],{"class":101},[50,117389,126],{"class":64},[50,117391,27685],{"class":129},[20,117393,93551,117394,117397],{},[421,117395,117396],{"href":12139},"mutable vs immutable types"," matters when learning about copying.",[36,117399,1743],{"id":1742},[20,117401,117402],{},"These mistakes cause most copy-related bugs:",[158,117404,117405,117409,117414,117419,117422],{},[161,117406,914,117407,56851],{},[15,117408,61],{},[161,117410,914,117411,117413],{},[15,117412,55669],{}," on a nested list and expecting full independence",[161,117415,914,117416,117418],{},[15,117417,12509],{}," on a dictionary that contains lists or dictionaries",[161,117420,117421],{},"Changing an inner list after making a shallow copy",[161,117423,117424],{},"Not realizing the difference between mutable and immutable values",[20,117426,117427],{},"If something seems wrong, these checks can help:",[41,117429,117431],{"className":43,"code":117430,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(original is copied)\nprint(original == copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[0]), id(copied[0]))\nprint(type(original))\n",[15,117432,117433,117447,117461,117483,117514],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,117434,117435,117437,117439,117441,117443,117445],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,117436,118],{"class":94},[50,117438,98],{"class":64},[50,117440,12160],{"class":101},[50,117442,12268],{"class":3957},[50,117444,14457],{"class":101},[50,117446,105],{"class":64},[50,117448,117449,117451,117453,117455,117457,117459],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,117450,118],{"class":94},[50,117452,98],{"class":64},[50,117454,12160],{"class":101},[50,117456,4767],{"class":60},[50,117458,14457],{"class":101},[50,117460,105],{"class":64},[50,117462,117463,117465,117467,117469,117471,117473,117475,117477,117479,117481],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,117464,118],{"class":94},[50,117466,98],{"class":64},[50,117468,12724],{"class":94},[50,117470,98],{"class":64},[50,117472,12207],{"class":101},[50,117474,9313],{"class":64},[50,117476,14889],{"class":94},[50,117478,98],{"class":64},[50,117480,14403],{"class":101},[50,117482,478],{"class":64},[50,117484,117485,117487,117489,117491,117493,117495,117497,117499,117502,117504,117506,117508,117510,117512],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,117486,118],{"class":94},[50,117488,98],{"class":64},[50,117490,12724],{"class":94},[50,117492,98],{"class":64},[50,117494,12207],{"class":101},[50,117496,363],{"class":64},[50,117498,2220],{"class":68},[50,117500,117501],{"class":64},"]),",[50,117503,14889],{"class":94},[50,117505,98],{"class":64},[50,117507,14403],{"class":101},[50,117509,363],{"class":64},[50,117511,2220],{"class":68},[50,117513,1805],{"class":64},[50,117515,117516,117518,117520,117522,117524,117526],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,117517,118],{"class":94},[50,117519,98],{"class":64},[50,117521,558],{"class":557},[50,117523,98],{"class":64},[50,117525,12207],{"class":101},[50,117527,478],{"class":64},[20,117529,117530],{},"What they tell you:",[158,117532,117533,117538,117543,117548,117558],{},[161,117534,117535,117537],{},[15,117536,12268],{}," checks whether two names refer to the same object",[161,117539,117540,117542],{},[15,117541,4767],{}," checks whether values are equal",[161,117544,117545,117547],{},[15,117546,43557],{}," shows the identity of an object",[161,117549,117550,117551,4472,117554,117557],{},"comparing ",[15,117552,117553],{},"id(original[0])",[15,117555,117556],{},"id(copied[0])"," helps detect shared inner objects",[161,117559,117560,117562],{},[15,117561,2400],{}," confirms what kind of object you are copying",[36,117564,1913],{"id":1912},[222,117566,117568],{"id":117567},"does-create-a-copy-in-python","Does = create a copy in Python?",[20,117570,117571],{},"No. It creates another reference to the same object.",[222,117573,57336],{"id":57251},[20,117575,117576],{},"No. It is a shallow copy.",[222,117578,117580],{"id":117579},"when-do-i-need-deepcopy","When do I need deepcopy()?",[20,117582,117583],{},"Use it when your object contains nested mutable values and you want full independence.",[222,117585,117587],{"id":117586},"do-strings-and-integers-need-deep-copy","Do strings and integers need deep copy?",[20,117589,117590],{},"Usually no. They are immutable, so changing one variable does not change the original value.",[222,117592,117594],{"id":117593},"why-did-changing-one-list-change-the-other","Why did changing one list change the other?",[20,117596,117597],{},"They likely share the same inner object because of assignment or a shallow copy.",[36,117599,1975],{"id":1974},[158,117601,117602,117607,117613,117619,117623],{},[161,117603,117604],{},[421,117605,117606],{"href":12139},"Mutability in Python explained: mutable vs immutable types",[161,117608,117609],{},[421,117610,13,117611,10816],{"href":55029},[15,117612,55669],{},[161,117614,117615],{},[421,117616,13,117617,10816],{"href":12506},[15,117618,12509],{},[161,117620,117621],{},[421,117622,15037],{"href":57286},[161,117624,117625],{},[421,117626,117627],{"href":58561},"What is a list in Python?",[2018,117629,117630],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":117632},[117633,117634,117635,117636,117637,117638,117643,117644,117645,117646,117647,117648,117655],{"id":2104,"depth":86,"text":2105},{"id":116088,"depth":86,"text":116089},{"id":116109,"depth":86,"text":116110},{"id":116352,"depth":86,"text":116353},{"id":116492,"depth":86,"text":116493},{"id":116608,"depth":86,"text":116609,"children":117639},[117640,117641,117642],{"id":116615,"depth":108,"text":116616},{"id":116684,"depth":108,"text":116685},{"id":116783,"depth":108,"text":116784},{"id":116897,"depth":86,"text":116898},{"id":117029,"depth":86,"text":117030},{"id":117143,"depth":86,"text":117144},{"id":117309,"depth":86,"text":117310},{"id":1742,"depth":86,"text":1743},{"id":1912,"depth":86,"text":1913,"children":117649},[117650,117651,117652,117653,117654],{"id":117567,"depth":108,"text":117568},{"id":57251,"depth":108,"text":57336},{"id":117579,"depth":108,"text":117580},{"id":117586,"depth":108,"text":117587},{"id":117593,"depth":108,"text":117594},{"id":1974,"depth":86,"text":1975},"Master python shallow copy vs deep copy explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":115889,"description":117656},"reference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","4P8qWKs1knuRzO-mq5pz1MvM10FXTsG04QbHQz5pkwk",{"id":4,"title":5,"body":117662,"description":2063,"extension":2064,"meta":119402,"navigation":111,"path":2066,"seo":119403,"stem":2068,"__hash__":2069},{"type":7,"value":117663,"toc":119370},[117664,117668,117672,117678,117680,117746,117750,117754,117766,117768,117770,117800,117802,117818,117820,117834,117836,117838,117908,117910,117954,117956,117966,117970,117972,117976,117978,118016,118018,118038,118040,118096,118098,118132,118134,118172,118174,118194,118196,118226,118228,118284,118286,118290,118360,118362,118394,118398,118402,118466,118468,118504,118506,118582,118584,118644,118648,118652,118654,118656,118736,118738,118778,118782,118784,118860,118862,118894,118902,118908,118910,118920,118922,118932,118936,118942,118950,118952,118956,118958,118962,119004,119006,119010,119012,119014,119060,119064,119066,119068,119116,119118,119138,119140,119142,119164,119166,119286,119290,119292,119296,119298,119302,119304,119310,119314,119320,119322,119328,119330,119332,119368],[10,117665,13,117666,18],{"id":12},[15,117667,17],{},[20,117669,117670,24],{},[15,117671,17],{},[20,117673,27,117674,31,117676,34],{},[15,117675,30],{},[15,117677,17],{},[36,117679,39],{"id":38},[41,117681,117682],{"className":43,"code":44,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,117683,117684,117704,117718,117722,117734],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,117685,117686,117688,117690,117692,117694,117696,117698,117700,117702],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,117687,57],{"class":56},[50,117689,61],{"class":60},[50,117691,65],{"class":64},[50,117693,69],{"class":68},[50,117695,72],{"class":64},[50,117697,75],{"class":68},[50,117699,72],{"class":64},[50,117701,80],{"class":68},[50,117703,83],{"class":64},[50,117705,117706,117708,117710,117712,117714,117716],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,117707,89],{"class":56},[50,117709,61],{"class":60},[50,117711,95],{"class":94},[50,117713,98],{"class":64},[50,117715,102],{"class":101},[50,117717,105],{"class":64},[50,117719,117720],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,117721,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,117723,117724,117726,117728,117730,117732],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,117725,118],{"class":94},[50,117727,98],{"class":64},[50,117729,123],{"class":101},[50,117731,126],{"class":64},[50,117733,130],{"class":129},[50,117735,117736,117738,117740,117742,117744],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,117737,118],{"class":94},[50,117739,98],{"class":64},[50,117741,102],{"class":101},[50,117743,126],{"class":64},[50,117745,144],{"class":129},[20,117747,117748,149],{},[15,117749,17],{},[36,117751,153,117752,156],{"id":152},[15,117753,17],{},[158,117755,117756,117760,117762,117764],{},[161,117757,117758,165],{},[15,117759,17],{},[161,117761,168],{},[161,117763,171],{},[161,117765,174],{},[20,117767,177],{},[36,117769,181],{"id":180},[41,117771,117772],{"className":43,"code":184,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,117773,117774],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,117775,117776,117778,117780,117782,117784,117786,117788,117790,117792,117794,117796,117798],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,117777,191],{"class":94},[50,117779,98],{"class":64},[50,117781,196],{"class":101},[50,117783,72],{"class":64},[50,117785,202],{"class":201},[50,117787,61],{"class":60},[50,117789,208],{"class":207},[50,117791,72],{"class":64},[50,117793,213],{"class":201},[50,117795,61],{"class":60},[50,117797,218],{"class":207},[50,117799,105],{"class":64},[222,117801,225],{"id":224},[158,117803,117804,117808,117812],{},[161,117805,117806,232],{},[15,117807,196],{},[161,117809,117810,238],{},[15,117811,237],{},[161,117813,117814,244,117816,248],{},[15,117815,243],{},[15,117817,247],{},[20,117819,251],{},[41,117821,117822],{"className":43,"code":254,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,117823,117824],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,117825,117826,117828,117830,117832],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,117827,191],{"class":94},[50,117829,98],{"class":64},[50,117831,265],{"class":101},[50,117833,105],{"class":64},[36,117835,271],{"id":270},[20,117837,274],{},[41,117839,117840],{"className":43,"code":277,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,117841,117842,117866,117870,117884,117888,117898],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,117843,117844,117846,117848,117850,117852,117854,117856,117858,117860,117862,117864],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,117845,57],{"class":56},[50,117847,61],{"class":60},[50,117849,65],{"class":64},[50,117851,290],{"class":68},[50,117853,72],{"class":64},[50,117855,80],{"class":68},[50,117857,72],{"class":64},[50,117859,299],{"class":68},[50,117861,72],{"class":64},[50,117863,75],{"class":68},[50,117865,83],{"class":64},[50,117867,117868],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,117869,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,117871,117872,117874,117876,117878,117880,117882],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,117873,314],{"class":56},[50,117875,61],{"class":60},[50,117877,95],{"class":94},[50,117879,98],{"class":64},[50,117881,102],{"class":101},[50,117883,105],{"class":64},[50,117885,117886],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,117887,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,117889,117890,117892,117894,117896],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,117891,118],{"class":94},[50,117893,98],{"class":64},[50,117895,337],{"class":101},[50,117897,105],{"class":64},[50,117899,117900,117902,117904,117906],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,117901,118],{"class":94},[50,117903,98],{"class":64},[50,117905,102],{"class":101},[50,117907,105],{"class":64},[20,117909,353],{},[41,117911,117912],{"className":43,"code":356,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,117913,117914,117934],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,117915,117916,117918,117920,117922,117924,117926,117928,117930,117932],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,117917,363],{"class":64},[50,117919,366],{"class":68},[50,117921,72],{"class":64},[50,117923,80],{"class":68},[50,117925,72],{"class":64},[50,117927,375],{"class":68},[50,117929,72],{"class":64},[50,117931,299],{"class":68},[50,117933,83],{"class":64},[50,117935,117936,117938,117940,117942,117944,117946,117948,117950,117952],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,117937,363],{"class":64},[50,117939,290],{"class":68},[50,117941,72],{"class":64},[50,117943,80],{"class":68},[50,117945,72],{"class":64},[50,117947,299],{"class":68},[50,117949,72],{"class":64},[50,117951,75],{"class":68},[50,117953,83],{"class":64},[20,117955,404],{},[158,117957,117958,117962],{},[161,117959,117960,411],{},[15,117961,337],{},[161,117963,117964,416],{},[15,117965,102],{},[20,117967,419,117968,425],{},[421,117969,424],{"href":423},[36,117971,429],{"id":428},[20,117973,117974,434],{},[15,117975,17],{},[222,117977,438],{"id":437},[41,117979,117980],{"className":43,"code":441,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,117981,117982,118002],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,117983,117984,117986,117988,117990,117992,117994,117996,117998,118000],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,117985,57],{"class":56},[50,117987,61],{"class":60},[50,117989,65],{"class":64},[50,117991,69],{"class":68},[50,117993,72],{"class":64},[50,117995,75],{"class":68},[50,117997,72],{"class":64},[50,117999,80],{"class":68},[50,118001,83],{"class":64},[50,118003,118004,118006,118008,118010,118012,118014],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,118005,118],{"class":94},[50,118007,98],{"class":64},[50,118009,191],{"class":94},[50,118011,98],{"class":64},[50,118013,102],{"class":101},[50,118015,478],{"class":64},[20,118017,353],{},[41,118019,118020],{"className":43,"code":483,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,118021,118022],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,118023,118024,118026,118028,118030,118032,118034,118036],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,118025,363],{"class":64},[50,118027,366],{"class":68},[50,118029,72],{"class":64},[50,118031,80],{"class":68},[50,118033,72],{"class":64},[50,118035,500],{"class":68},[50,118037,83],{"class":64},[222,118039,506],{"id":505},[41,118041,118042],{"className":43,"code":509,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,118043,118044,118064,118078],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,118045,118046,118048,118050,118052,118054,118056,118058,118060,118062],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,118047,516],{"class":56},[50,118049,61],{"class":60},[50,118051,521],{"class":64},[50,118053,69],{"class":68},[50,118055,72],{"class":64},[50,118057,75],{"class":68},[50,118059,72],{"class":64},[50,118061,80],{"class":68},[50,118063,105],{"class":64},[50,118065,118066,118068,118070,118072,118074,118076],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,118067,118],{"class":94},[50,118069,98],{"class":64},[50,118071,191],{"class":94},[50,118073,98],{"class":64},[50,118075,546],{"class":101},[50,118077,478],{"class":64},[50,118079,118080,118082,118084,118086,118088,118090,118092,118094],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,118081,118],{"class":94},[50,118083,98],{"class":64},[50,118085,558],{"class":557},[50,118087,98],{"class":64},[50,118089,191],{"class":94},[50,118091,98],{"class":64},[50,118093,546],{"class":101},[50,118095,569],{"class":64},[20,118097,353],{},[41,118099,118100],{"className":43,"code":574,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,118101,118102,118118],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,118103,118104,118106,118108,118110,118112,118114,118116],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,118105,363],{"class":64},[50,118107,366],{"class":68},[50,118109,72],{"class":64},[50,118111,80],{"class":68},[50,118113,72],{"class":64},[50,118115,500],{"class":68},[50,118117,83],{"class":64},[50,118119,118120,118122,118124,118126,118128,118130],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,118121,597],{"class":60},[50,118123,601],{"class":600},[50,118125,605],{"class":604},[50,118127,437],{"class":608},[50,118129,611],{"class":604},[50,118131,614],{"class":60},[222,118133,618],{"id":617},[41,118135,118136],{"className":43,"code":621,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,118137,118138,118158],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,118139,118140,118142,118144,118146,118148,118150,118152,118154,118156],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,118141,516],{"class":56},[50,118143,61],{"class":60},[50,118145,632],{"class":64},[50,118147,69],{"class":68},[50,118149,72],{"class":64},[50,118151,75],{"class":68},[50,118153,72],{"class":64},[50,118155,80],{"class":68},[50,118157,645],{"class":64},[50,118159,118160,118162,118164,118166,118168,118170],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,118161,118],{"class":94},[50,118163,98],{"class":64},[50,118165,191],{"class":94},[50,118167,98],{"class":64},[50,118169,546],{"class":101},[50,118171,478],{"class":64},[20,118173,353],{},[41,118175,118176],{"className":43,"code":483,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,118177,118178],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,118179,118180,118182,118184,118186,118188,118190,118192],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,118181,363],{"class":64},[50,118183,366],{"class":68},[50,118185,72],{"class":64},[50,118187,80],{"class":68},[50,118189,72],{"class":64},[50,118191,500],{"class":68},[50,118193,83],{"class":64},[222,118195,685],{"id":684},[41,118197,118198],{"className":43,"code":688,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,118199,118200,118212],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,118201,118202,118204,118206,118208,118210],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,118203,695],{"class":56},[50,118205,61],{"class":60},[50,118207,700],{"class":604},[50,118209,45],{"class":608},[50,118211,705],{"class":604},[50,118213,118214,118216,118218,118220,118222,118224],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,118215,118],{"class":94},[50,118217,98],{"class":64},[50,118219,191],{"class":94},[50,118221,98],{"class":64},[50,118223,718],{"class":101},[50,118225,478],{"class":64},[20,118227,353],{},[41,118229,118230],{"className":43,"code":725,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,118231,118232],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,118233,118234,118236,118238,118240,118242,118244,118246,118248,118250,118252,118254,118256,118258,118260,118262,118264,118266,118268,118270,118272,118274,118276,118278,118280,118282],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,118235,363],{"class":64},[50,118237,611],{"class":604},[50,118239,736],{"class":608},[50,118241,611],{"class":604},[50,118243,72],{"class":64},[50,118245,605],{"class":604},[50,118247,745],{"class":608},[50,118249,611],{"class":604},[50,118251,72],{"class":64},[50,118253,605],{"class":604},[50,118255,754],{"class":608},[50,118257,611],{"class":604},[50,118259,72],{"class":64},[50,118261,605],{"class":604},[50,118263,20],{"class":608},[50,118265,611],{"class":604},[50,118267,72],{"class":64},[50,118269,605],{"class":604},[50,118271,771],{"class":608},[50,118273,611],{"class":604},[50,118275,72],{"class":64},[50,118277,605],{"class":604},[50,118279,780],{"class":608},[50,118281,611],{"class":604},[50,118283,83],{"class":64},[222,118285,788],{"id":787},[20,118287,791,118288,794],{},[15,118289,17],{},[41,118291,118292],{"className":43,"code":797,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,118293,118294,118346],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,118295,118296,118298,118300,118302,118304,118306,118308,118310,118312,118314,118316,118318,118320,118322,118324,118326,118328,118330,118332,118334,118336,118338,118340,118342,118344],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,118297,804],{"class":56},[50,118299,61],{"class":60},[50,118301,632],{"class":64},[50,118303,811],{"class":604},[50,118305,814],{"class":608},[50,118307,811],{"class":604},[50,118309,819],{"class":64},[50,118311,700],{"class":604},[50,118313,824],{"class":608},[50,118315,811],{"class":604},[50,118317,72],{"class":64},[50,118319,700],{"class":604},[50,118321,833],{"class":608},[50,118323,811],{"class":604},[50,118325,819],{"class":64},[50,118327,840],{"class":68},[50,118329,72],{"class":64},[50,118331,700],{"class":604},[50,118333,847],{"class":608},[50,118335,811],{"class":604},[50,118337,819],{"class":64},[50,118339,700],{"class":604},[50,118341,856],{"class":608},[50,118343,811],{"class":604},[50,118345,645],{"class":64},[50,118347,118348,118350,118352,118354,118356,118358],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,118349,118],{"class":94},[50,118351,98],{"class":64},[50,118353,191],{"class":94},[50,118355,98],{"class":64},[50,118357,873],{"class":101},[50,118359,478],{"class":64},[20,118361,353],{},[41,118363,118364],{"className":43,"code":880,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,118365,118366],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,118367,118368,118370,118372,118374,118376,118378,118380,118382,118384,118386,118388,118390,118392],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,118369,363],{"class":64},[50,118371,611],{"class":604},[50,118373,833],{"class":608},[50,118375,611],{"class":604},[50,118377,72],{"class":64},[50,118379,605],{"class":604},[50,118381,847],{"class":608},[50,118383,611],{"class":604},[50,118385,72],{"class":64},[50,118387,605],{"class":604},[50,118389,814],{"class":608},[50,118391,611],{"class":604},[50,118393,83],{"class":64},[36,118395,914,118396],{"id":913},[15,118397,917],{},[20,118399,920,118400,923],{},[15,118401,917],{},[41,118403,118404],{"className":43,"code":926,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,118405,118406,118426,118430,118444],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,118407,118408,118410,118412,118414,118416,118418,118420,118422,118424],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,118409,57],{"class":56},[50,118411,61],{"class":60},[50,118413,65],{"class":64},[50,118415,69],{"class":68},[50,118417,72],{"class":64},[50,118419,75],{"class":68},[50,118421,72],{"class":64},[50,118423,80],{"class":68},[50,118425,83],{"class":64},[50,118427,118428],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,118429,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,118431,118432,118434,118436,118438,118440,118442],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,118433,118],{"class":94},[50,118435,98],{"class":64},[50,118437,191],{"class":94},[50,118439,98],{"class":64},[50,118441,102],{"class":101},[50,118443,478],{"class":64},[50,118445,118446,118448,118450,118452,118454,118456,118458,118460,118462,118464],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,118447,118],{"class":94},[50,118449,98],{"class":64},[50,118451,191],{"class":94},[50,118453,98],{"class":64},[50,118455,102],{"class":101},[50,118457,72],{"class":64},[50,118459,213],{"class":201},[50,118461,61],{"class":60},[50,118463,247],{"class":207},[50,118465,478],{"class":64},[20,118467,353],{},[41,118469,118470],{"className":43,"code":993,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,118471,118472,118488],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,118473,118474,118476,118478,118480,118482,118484,118486],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,118475,363],{"class":64},[50,118477,366],{"class":68},[50,118479,72],{"class":64},[50,118481,80],{"class":68},[50,118483,72],{"class":64},[50,118485,500],{"class":68},[50,118487,83],{"class":64},[50,118489,118490,118492,118494,118496,118498,118500,118502],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,118491,363],{"class":64},[50,118493,69],{"class":68},[50,118495,72],{"class":64},[50,118497,80],{"class":68},[50,118499,72],{"class":64},[50,118501,75],{"class":68},[50,118503,83],{"class":64},[20,118505,1030],{},[41,118507,118508],{"className":43,"code":1033,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,118509,118510,118542,118546,118560],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,118511,118512,118514,118516,118518,118520,118522,118524,118526,118528,118530,118532,118534,118536,118538,118540],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,118513,1040],{"class":56},[50,118515,61],{"class":60},[50,118517,65],{"class":64},[50,118519,811],{"class":604},[50,118521,1049],{"class":608},[50,118523,811],{"class":604},[50,118525,72],{"class":64},[50,118527,700],{"class":604},[50,118529,1058],{"class":608},[50,118531,811],{"class":604},[50,118533,72],{"class":64},[50,118535,700],{"class":604},[50,118537,1067],{"class":608},[50,118539,811],{"class":604},[50,118541,83],{"class":64},[50,118543,118544],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,118545,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,118547,118548,118550,118552,118554,118556,118558],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,118549,118],{"class":94},[50,118551,98],{"class":64},[50,118553,191],{"class":94},[50,118555,98],{"class":64},[50,118557,1088],{"class":101},[50,118559,478],{"class":64},[50,118561,118562,118564,118566,118568,118570,118572,118574,118576,118578,118580],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,118563,118],{"class":94},[50,118565,98],{"class":64},[50,118567,191],{"class":94},[50,118569,98],{"class":64},[50,118571,1088],{"class":101},[50,118573,72],{"class":64},[50,118575,213],{"class":201},[50,118577,61],{"class":60},[50,118579,247],{"class":207},[50,118581,478],{"class":64},[20,118583,353],{},[41,118585,118586],{"className":43,"code":1117,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,118587,118588,118616],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,118589,118590,118592,118594,118596,118598,118600,118602,118604,118606,118608,118610,118612,118614],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,118591,363],{"class":64},[50,118593,611],{"class":604},[50,118595,1049],{"class":608},[50,118597,611],{"class":604},[50,118599,72],{"class":64},[50,118601,605],{"class":604},[50,118603,1058],{"class":608},[50,118605,611],{"class":604},[50,118607,72],{"class":64},[50,118609,605],{"class":604},[50,118611,1067],{"class":608},[50,118613,611],{"class":604},[50,118615,83],{"class":64},[50,118617,118618,118620,118622,118624,118626,118628,118630,118632,118634,118636,118638,118640,118642],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,118619,363],{"class":64},[50,118621,611],{"class":604},[50,118623,1067],{"class":608},[50,118625,611],{"class":604},[50,118627,72],{"class":64},[50,118629,605],{"class":604},[50,118631,1058],{"class":608},[50,118633,611],{"class":604},[50,118635,72],{"class":64},[50,118637,605],{"class":604},[50,118639,1049],{"class":608},[50,118641,611],{"class":604},[50,118643,83],{"class":64},[36,118645,914,118646,1182],{"id":1178},[15,118647,1181],{},[20,118649,1185,118650,1188],{},[15,118651,1181],{},[20,118653,1191],{},[20,118655,1194],{},[41,118657,118658],{"className":43,"code":1197,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,118659,118660,118700,118704,118726],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,118661,118662,118664,118666,118668,118670,118672,118674,118676,118678,118680,118682,118684,118686,118688,118690,118692,118694,118696,118698],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,118663,1040],{"class":56},[50,118665,61],{"class":60},[50,118667,65],{"class":64},[50,118669,811],{"class":604},[50,118671,1212],{"class":608},[50,118673,811],{"class":604},[50,118675,72],{"class":64},[50,118677,700],{"class":604},[50,118679,1221],{"class":608},[50,118681,811],{"class":604},[50,118683,72],{"class":64},[50,118685,700],{"class":604},[50,118687,1058],{"class":608},[50,118689,811],{"class":604},[50,118691,72],{"class":64},[50,118693,700],{"class":604},[50,118695,1238],{"class":608},[50,118697,811],{"class":604},[50,118699,83],{"class":64},[50,118701,118702],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,118703,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,118705,118706,118708,118710,118712,118714,118716,118718,118720,118722,118724],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,118707,89],{"class":56},[50,118709,61],{"class":60},[50,118711,95],{"class":94},[50,118713,98],{"class":64},[50,118715,1088],{"class":101},[50,118717,72],{"class":64},[50,118719,202],{"class":201},[50,118721,61],{"class":60},[50,118723,1267],{"class":94},[50,118725,105],{"class":64},[50,118727,118728,118730,118732,118734],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,118729,118],{"class":94},[50,118731,98],{"class":64},[50,118733,123],{"class":101},[50,118735,105],{"class":64},[20,118737,353],{},[41,118739,118740],{"className":43,"code":1284,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,118741,118742],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,118743,118744,118746,118748,118750,118752,118754,118756,118758,118760,118762,118764,118766,118768,118770,118772,118774,118776],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,118745,363],{"class":64},[50,118747,611],{"class":604},[50,118749,1221],{"class":608},[50,118751,611],{"class":604},[50,118753,72],{"class":64},[50,118755,605],{"class":604},[50,118757,1212],{"class":608},[50,118759,611],{"class":604},[50,118761,72],{"class":64},[50,118763,605],{"class":604},[50,118765,1238],{"class":608},[50,118767,611],{"class":604},[50,118769,72],{"class":64},[50,118771,605],{"class":604},[50,118773,1058],{"class":608},[50,118775,611],{"class":604},[50,118777,83],{"class":64},[20,118779,1325,118780,1328],{},[15,118781,1267],{},[20,118783,1331],{},[41,118785,118786],{"className":43,"code":1334,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,118787,118788,118820,118824,118850],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,118789,118790,118792,118794,118796,118798,118800,118802,118804,118806,118808,118810,118812,118814,118816,118818],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,118791,1040],{"class":56},[50,118793,61],{"class":60},[50,118795,65],{"class":64},[50,118797,811],{"class":604},[50,118799,1349],{"class":608},[50,118801,811],{"class":604},[50,118803,72],{"class":64},[50,118805,700],{"class":604},[50,118807,1049],{"class":608},[50,118809,811],{"class":604},[50,118811,72],{"class":64},[50,118813,700],{"class":604},[50,118815,1366],{"class":608},[50,118817,811],{"class":604},[50,118819,83],{"class":64},[50,118821,118822],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,118823,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,118825,118826,118828,118830,118832,118834,118836,118838,118840,118842,118844,118846,118848],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,118827,89],{"class":56},[50,118829,61],{"class":60},[50,118831,95],{"class":94},[50,118833,98],{"class":64},[50,118835,1088],{"class":101},[50,118837,72],{"class":64},[50,118839,202],{"class":201},[50,118841,61],{"class":60},[50,118843,1395],{"class":557},[50,118845,425],{"class":64},[50,118847,1401],{"class":1400},[50,118849,105],{"class":64},[50,118851,118852,118854,118856,118858],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,118853,118],{"class":94},[50,118855,98],{"class":64},[50,118857,123],{"class":101},[50,118859,105],{"class":64},[20,118861,353],{},[41,118863,118864],{"className":43,"code":1418,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,118865,118866],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,118867,118868,118870,118872,118874,118876,118878,118880,118882,118884,118886,118888,118890,118892],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,118869,363],{"class":64},[50,118871,611],{"class":604},[50,118873,1049],{"class":608},[50,118875,611],{"class":604},[50,118877,72],{"class":64},[50,118879,605],{"class":604},[50,118881,1349],{"class":608},[50,118883,611],{"class":604},[50,118885,72],{"class":64},[50,118887,605],{"class":604},[50,118889,1366],{"class":608},[50,118891,611],{"class":604},[50,118893,83],{"class":64},[20,118895,1451,118896,1455,118898,425],{},[15,118897,1454],{},[421,118899,13,118900,1461],{"href":1458},[15,118901,1454],{},[36,118903,118904,1467,118906],{"id":1464},[15,118905,17],{},[15,118907,30],{},[20,118909,1472],{},[158,118911,118912,118916],{},[161,118913,118914,1479],{},[15,118915,17],{},[161,118917,118918,1484],{},[15,118919,30],{},[20,118921,1487],{},[158,118923,118924,118928],{},[161,118925,118926,1494],{},[15,118927,17],{},[161,118929,118930,1499],{},[15,118931,30],{},[20,118933,920,118934,1504],{},[15,118935,17],{},[158,118937,118938,118940],{},[161,118939,1509],{},[161,118941,1512],{},[20,118943,1515,118944,425],{},[421,118945,13,118946,1467,118948,1523],{"href":1518},[15,118947,17],{},[15,118949,30],{},[36,118951,1527],{"id":1526},[20,118953,1530,118954,425],{},[15,118955,17],{},[222,118957,1536],{"id":1535},[20,118959,1539,118960,819],{},[15,118961,1542],{},[41,118963,118964],{"className":43,"code":1545,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,118965,118966,118990],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,118967,118968,118970,118972,118974,118976,118978,118980,118982,118984,118986,118988],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,118969,516],{"class":56},[50,118971,61],{"class":60},[50,118973,65],{"class":64},[50,118975,366],{"class":68},[50,118977,72],{"class":64},[50,118979,700],{"class":604},[50,118981,1564],{"class":608},[50,118983,811],{"class":604},[50,118985,72],{"class":64},[50,118987,500],{"class":68},[50,118989,83],{"class":64},[50,118991,118992,118994,118996,118998,119000,119002],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,118993,118],{"class":94},[50,118995,98],{"class":64},[50,118997,191],{"class":94},[50,118999,98],{"class":64},[50,119001,546],{"class":101},[50,119003,478],{"class":64},[20,119005,1589],{},[222,119007,1593,119008,1596],{"id":1592},[15,119009,237],{},[20,119011,1599],{},[20,119013,1602],{},[41,119015,119016],{"className":43,"code":1605,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,119017,119018,119038],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,119019,119020,119022,119024,119026,119028,119030,119032,119034,119036],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,119021,57],{"class":56},[50,119023,61],{"class":60},[50,119025,65],{"class":64},[50,119027,1618],{"class":68},[50,119029,72],{"class":64},[50,119031,80],{"class":68},[50,119033,72],{"class":64},[50,119035,1627],{"class":68},[50,119037,83],{"class":64},[50,119039,119040,119042,119044,119046,119048,119050,119052,119054,119056,119058],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,119041,118],{"class":94},[50,119043,98],{"class":64},[50,119045,191],{"class":94},[50,119047,98],{"class":64},[50,119049,102],{"class":101},[50,119051,72],{"class":64},[50,119053,202],{"class":201},[50,119055,61],{"class":60},[50,119057,1267],{"class":94},[50,119059,478],{"class":64},[20,119061,1654,119062,1657],{},[15,119063,1454],{},[222,119065,1661],{"id":1660},[20,119067,1664],{},[41,119069,119070],{"className":43,"code":1667,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,119071,119072,119092,119102,119106],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,119073,119074,119076,119078,119080,119082,119084,119086,119088,119090],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,119075,57],{"class":56},[50,119077,61],{"class":60},[50,119079,65],{"class":64},[50,119081,69],{"class":68},[50,119083,72],{"class":64},[50,119085,75],{"class":68},[50,119087,72],{"class":64},[50,119089,80],{"class":68},[50,119091,83],{"class":64},[50,119093,119094,119096,119098,119100],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,119095,191],{"class":94},[50,119097,98],{"class":64},[50,119099,102],{"class":101},[50,119101,105],{"class":64},[50,119103,119104],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,119105,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,119107,119108,119110,119112,119114],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,119109,118],{"class":94},[50,119111,98],{"class":64},[50,119113,102],{"class":101},[50,119115,105],{"class":64},[20,119117,353],{},[41,119119,119120],{"className":43,"code":1718,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,119121,119122],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,119123,119124,119126,119128,119130,119132,119134,119136],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,119125,363],{"class":64},[50,119127,69],{"class":68},[50,119129,72],{"class":64},[50,119131,75],{"class":68},[50,119133,72],{"class":64},[50,119135,80],{"class":68},[50,119137,83],{"class":64},[20,119139,1739],{},[36,119141,1743],{"id":1742},[158,119143,119144,119148,119150,119154,119158],{},[161,119145,1748,119146,1484],{},[15,119147,17],{},[161,119149,1753],{},[161,119151,1756,119152,1759],{},[15,119153,17],{},[161,119155,914,119156,1764],{},[15,119157,1181],{},[161,119159,1767,119160,1771,119162],{},[15,119161,1770],{},[15,119163,17],{},[20,119165,1776],{},[41,119167,119168],{"className":43,"code":1779,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,119169,119170,119192,119218,119256],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,119171,119172,119174,119176,119178,119180,119182,119184,119186,119188,119190],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,119173,118],{"class":94},[50,119175,98],{"class":64},[50,119177,191],{"class":94},[50,119179,1792],{"class":64},[50,119181,69],{"class":68},[50,119183,72],{"class":64},[50,119185,75],{"class":68},[50,119187,72],{"class":64},[50,119189,80],{"class":68},[50,119191,1805],{"class":64},[50,119193,119194,119196,119198,119200,119202,119204,119206,119208,119210,119212,119214,119216],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,119195,118],{"class":94},[50,119197,98],{"class":64},[50,119199,558],{"class":557},[50,119201,98],{"class":64},[50,119203,191],{"class":94},[50,119205,1820],{"class":64},[50,119207,69],{"class":68},[50,119209,72],{"class":64},[50,119211,75],{"class":68},[50,119213,72],{"class":64},[50,119215,80],{"class":68},[50,119217,1833],{"class":64},[50,119219,119220,119222,119224,119226,119228,119230,119232,119234,119236,119238,119240,119242,119244,119246,119248,119250,119252,119254],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,119221,118],{"class":94},[50,119223,98],{"class":64},[50,119225,191],{"class":94},[50,119227,1792],{"class":64},[50,119229,611],{"class":604},[50,119231,1349],{"class":608},[50,119233,611],{"class":604},[50,119235,72],{"class":64},[50,119237,605],{"class":604},[50,119239,1049],{"class":608},[50,119241,611],{"class":604},[50,119243,1860],{"class":64},[50,119245,202],{"class":201},[50,119247,61],{"class":60},[50,119249,1395],{"class":557},[50,119251,425],{"class":64},[50,119253,1401],{"class":1400},[50,119255,478],{"class":64},[50,119257,119258,119260,119262,119264,119266,119268,119270,119272,119274,119276,119278,119280,119282,119284],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,119259,118],{"class":94},[50,119261,98],{"class":64},[50,119263,191],{"class":94},[50,119265,1792],{"class":64},[50,119267,69],{"class":68},[50,119269,72],{"class":64},[50,119271,75],{"class":68},[50,119273,72],{"class":64},[50,119275,80],{"class":68},[50,119277,1860],{"class":64},[50,119279,213],{"class":201},[50,119281,61],{"class":60},[50,119283,247],{"class":207},[50,119285,478],{"class":64},[20,119287,1905,119288,425],{},[421,119289,1909],{"href":1908},[36,119291,1913],{"id":1912},[222,119293,1917,119294,1920],{"id":1916},[15,119295,17],{},[20,119297,1923],{},[222,119299,1927,119300,1930],{"id":1926},[15,119301,17],{},[20,119303,1933],{},[222,119305,1937,119306,1940,119308,1943],{"id":1936},[15,119307,17],{},[15,119309,30],{},[20,119311,920,119312,1948],{},[15,119313,17],{},[222,119315,1927,119316,1954,119318,1943],{"id":1951},[15,119317,1181],{},[15,119319,17],{},[20,119321,1959],{},[222,119323,1963,119324,1966,119326,1943],{"id":1962},[15,119325,17],{},[15,119327,1542],{},[20,119329,1971],{},[36,119331,1975],{"id":1974},[158,119333,119334,119338,119346,119350,119356,119362],{},[161,119335,119336],{},[421,119337,1982],{"href":423},[161,119339,119340],{},[421,119341,13,119342,1467,119344,1523],{"href":1518},[15,119343,17],{},[15,119345,30],{},[161,119347,119348],{},[421,119349,1909],{"href":1908},[161,119351,119352],{},[421,119353,13,119354,1461],{"href":1458},[15,119355,1454],{},[161,119357,119358],{},[421,119359,13,119360,1461],{"href":2005},[15,119361,2008],{},[161,119363,119364],{},[421,119365,13,119366,1461],{"href":2013},[15,119367,2016],{},[2018,119369,2020],{},{"title":46,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":119371},[119372,119373,119374,119377,119378,119385,119386,119387,119388,119393,119394,119401],{"id":38,"depth":86,"text":39},{"id":152,"depth":86,"text":2025},{"id":180,"depth":86,"text":181,"children":119375},[119376],{"id":224,"depth":108,"text":225},{"id":270,"depth":86,"text":271},{"id":428,"depth":86,"text":429,"children":119379},[119380,119381,119382,119383,119384],{"id":437,"depth":108,"text":438},{"id":505,"depth":108,"text":506},{"id":617,"depth":108,"text":618},{"id":684,"depth":108,"text":685},{"id":787,"depth":108,"text":788},{"id":913,"depth":86,"text":2038},{"id":1178,"depth":86,"text":2040},{"id":1464,"depth":86,"text":2042},{"id":1526,"depth":86,"text":1527,"children":119389},[119390,119391,119392],{"id":1535,"depth":108,"text":1536},{"id":1592,"depth":108,"text":2047},{"id":1660,"depth":108,"text":1661},{"id":1742,"depth":86,"text":1743},{"id":1912,"depth":86,"text":1913,"children":119395},[119396,119397,119398,119399,119400],{"id":1916,"depth":108,"text":2053},{"id":1926,"depth":108,"text":2055},{"id":1936,"depth":108,"text":2057},{"id":1951,"depth":108,"text":2059},{"id":1962,"depth":108,"text":2061},{"id":1974,"depth":86,"text":1975},{},{"title":5,"description":2063},{"id":119405,"title":119406,"body":119407,"description":121518,"extension":2064,"meta":121519,"navigation":111,"path":1518,"seo":121520,"stem":121521,"__hash__":121522},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained.md","Python sorted() vs list.sort() Explained",{"type":7,"value":119408,"toc":121465},[119409,119416,119419,119429,119435,119438,119456,119464,119466,119525,119533,119537,119559,119563,119567,119569,119586,119588,119600,119606,119690,119694,119741,119747,119754,119758,119763,119765,119777,119782,119835,119839,119859,119866,119873,119877,119880,119899,119903,120017,120021,120091,120093,120105,120110,120114,120127,120131,120206,120210,120249,120256,120262,120267,120271,120285,120289,120354,120358,120391,120394,120399,120407,120414,120427,120430,120434,120517,120521,120558,120562,120665,120669,120730,120735,120742,120746,120749,120755,120758,120825,120829,120853,120855,120873,120880,120933,120937,120957,120963,120965,121022,121029,121055,121060,121065,121073,121079,121139,121143,121190,121193,121195,121198,121224,121227,121320,121322,121342,121346,121349,121367,121373,121375,121383,121388,121395,121398,121404,121407,121413,121421,121429,121434,121436,121462],[10,119410,13,119412,1467,119414,93122],{"id":119411},"python-sorted-vs-listsort-explained",[15,119413,17],{},[15,119415,30],{},[20,119417,119418],{},"Python gives you two common ways to sort values:",[158,119420,119421,119425],{},[161,119422,119423],{},[15,119424,17],{},[161,119426,119427],{},[15,119428,30],{},[20,119430,119431,119432,119434],{},"They look similar, but they do ",[3824,119433,4709],{}," behave the same way.",[20,119436,119437],{},"The main difference is simple:",[158,119439,119440,119448],{},[161,119441,920,119442,119444,119445],{},[15,119443,17],{}," when you want a ",[3824,119446,119447],{},"new sorted result",[161,119449,920,119450,119452,119453],{},[15,119451,30],{}," when you want to ",[3824,119454,119455],{},"change the original list",[20,119457,119458,119459,2494,119461,119463],{},"This matters a lot for beginners, especially when ",[15,119460,30],{},[15,119462,208],{}," and causes confusion.",[36,119465,39],{"id":38},[41,119467,119469],{"className":43,"code":119468,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)   # returns a new sorted list\nnumbers.sort()              # sorts the original list in place\n",[15,119470,119471,119491,119495,119512],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,119472,119473,119475,119477,119479,119481,119483,119485,119487,119489],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,119474,57],{"class":56},[50,119476,61],{"class":60},[50,119478,65],{"class":64},[50,119480,69],{"class":68},[50,119482,72],{"class":64},[50,119484,75],{"class":68},[50,119486,72],{"class":64},[50,119488,80],{"class":68},[50,119490,83],{"class":64},[50,119492,119493],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,119494,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,119496,119497,119499,119501,119503,119505,119507,119509],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,119498,55957],{"class":56},[50,119500,61],{"class":60},[50,119502,95],{"class":94},[50,119504,98],{"class":64},[50,119506,102],{"class":101},[50,119508,126],{"class":64},[50,119510,119511],{"class":129},"   # returns a new sorted list\n",[50,119513,119514,119516,119518,119520,119522],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,119515,102],{"class":56},[50,119517,425],{"class":64},[50,119519,34869],{"class":101},[50,119521,7445],{"class":64},[50,119523,119524],{"class":129},"              # sorts the original list in place\n",[20,119526,920,119527,119529,119530,119532],{},[15,119528,17],{}," when you want a new result. Use ",[15,119531,30],{}," when you want to change the existing list.",[36,119534,119536],{"id":119535},"what-this-page-helps-you-decide","What this page helps you decide",[158,119538,119539,119544,119549,119556],{},[161,119540,920,119541,119543],{},[15,119542,17],{}," to get a new sorted list",[161,119545,920,119546,119548],{},[15,119547,30],{}," to sort an existing list in place",[161,119550,119551,119552,2494,119554],{},"Understand why ",[15,119553,30],{},[15,119555,208],{},[161,119557,119558],{},"See when each option is better for beginner code",[36,119560,153,119561,156],{"id":152},[15,119562,17],{},[20,119564,119565,165],{},[15,119566,17],{},[20,119568,48997],{},[158,119570,119571,119577,119583],{},[161,119572,119573,119574],{},"returns a ",[3824,119575,119576],{},"new list",[161,119578,119579,119580,119582],{},"does ",[3824,119581,4709],{}," change the original data",[161,119584,119585],{},"works with many iterable objects, not just lists",[20,119587,51202],{},[158,119589,119590,119592,119594,119596,119598],{},[161,119591,5379],{},[161,119593,5382],{},[161,119595,5388],{},[161,119597,5385],{},[161,119599,35979],{},[222,119601,35148,119603,119605],{"id":119602},"example-sorted-keeps-the-original-list-unchanged",[15,119604,17],{}," keeps the original list unchanged",[41,119607,119609],{"className":43,"code":119608,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(\"original:\", numbers)\nprint(\"sorted result:\", result)\n",[15,119610,119611,119631,119635,119649,119653,119671],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,119612,119613,119615,119617,119619,119621,119623,119625,119627,119629],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,119614,57],{"class":56},[50,119616,61],{"class":60},[50,119618,65],{"class":64},[50,119620,69],{"class":68},[50,119622,72],{"class":64},[50,119624,75],{"class":68},[50,119626,72],{"class":64},[50,119628,80],{"class":68},[50,119630,83],{"class":64},[50,119632,119633],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,119634,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,119636,119637,119639,119641,119643,119645,119647],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,119638,89],{"class":56},[50,119640,61],{"class":60},[50,119642,95],{"class":94},[50,119644,98],{"class":64},[50,119646,102],{"class":101},[50,119648,105],{"class":64},[50,119650,119651],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,119652,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,119654,119655,119657,119659,119661,119663,119665,119667,119669],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,119656,118],{"class":94},[50,119658,98],{"class":64},[50,119660,811],{"class":604},[50,119662,12228],{"class":608},[50,119664,811],{"class":604},[50,119666,72],{"class":64},[50,119668,4341],{"class":101},[50,119670,105],{"class":64},[50,119672,119673,119675,119677,119679,119682,119684,119686,119688],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,119674,118],{"class":94},[50,119676,98],{"class":64},[50,119678,811],{"class":604},[50,119680,119681],{"class":608},"sorted result:",[50,119683,811],{"class":604},[50,119685,72],{"class":64},[50,119687,81261],{"class":101},[50,119689,105],{"class":64},[20,119691,119692],{},[3824,119693,353],{},[41,119695,119697],{"className":43,"code":119696,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"original: [3, 1, 2]\nsorted result: [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,119698,119699,119719],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,119700,119701,119703,119705,119707,119709,119711,119713,119715,119717],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,119702,12207],{"class":56},[50,119704,819],{"class":64},[50,119706,65],{"class":64},[50,119708,69],{"class":68},[50,119710,72],{"class":64},[50,119712,75],{"class":68},[50,119714,72],{"class":64},[50,119716,80],{"class":68},[50,119718,83],{"class":64},[50,119720,119721,119723,119725,119727,119729,119731,119733,119735,119737,119739],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,119722,191],{"class":94},[50,119724,81261],{"class":56},[50,119726,819],{"class":64},[50,119728,65],{"class":64},[50,119730,366],{"class":68},[50,119732,72],{"class":64},[50,119734,80],{"class":68},[50,119736,72],{"class":64},[50,119738,500],{"class":68},[50,119740,83],{"class":64},[20,119742,119743,119744,119746],{},"The important part is that ",[15,119745,102],{}," stays the same.",[20,119748,119749,119750,425],{},"If you want a full function-focused explanation, see ",[421,119751,13,119752,1461],{"href":74577},[15,119753,17],{},[36,119755,153,119756,156],{"id":77986},[15,119757,30],{},[20,119759,119760,119762],{},[15,119761,1770],{}," is a method that belongs to lists.",[20,119764,48997],{},[158,119766,119767,119770,119773],{},[161,119768,119769],{},"changes the original list directly",[161,119771,119772],{},"only works on lists",[161,119774,3773,119775],{},[15,119776,208],{},[222,119778,35148,119780,1484],{"id":119779},"example-listsort-changes-the-original-list",[15,119781,30],{},[41,119783,119785],{"className":43,"code":119784,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,119786,119787,119807,119811,119821,119825],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,119788,119789,119791,119793,119795,119797,119799,119801,119803,119805],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,119790,57],{"class":56},[50,119792,61],{"class":60},[50,119794,65],{"class":64},[50,119796,69],{"class":68},[50,119798,72],{"class":64},[50,119800,75],{"class":68},[50,119802,72],{"class":64},[50,119804,80],{"class":68},[50,119806,83],{"class":64},[50,119808,119809],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,119810,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,119812,119813,119815,119817,119819],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,119814,102],{"class":56},[50,119816,425],{"class":64},[50,119818,34869],{"class":101},[50,119820,8722],{"class":64},[50,119822,119823],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,119824,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,119826,119827,119829,119831,119833],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,119828,118],{"class":94},[50,119830,98],{"class":64},[50,119832,102],{"class":101},[50,119834,105],{"class":64},[20,119836,119837],{},[3824,119838,353],{},[41,119840,119841],{"className":43,"code":483,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,119842,119843],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,119844,119845,119847,119849,119851,119853,119855,119857],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,119846,363],{"class":64},[50,119848,366],{"class":68},[50,119850,72],{"class":64},[50,119852,80],{"class":68},[50,119854,72],{"class":64},[50,119856,500],{"class":68},[50,119858,83],{"class":64},[20,119860,119861,119862,119865],{},"After calling ",[15,119863,119864],{},"numbers.sort()",", the list itself is changed.",[20,119867,119868,119869,425],{},"For a method-specific reference page, see ",[421,119870,13,119871,10816],{"href":74830},[15,119872,30],{},[36,119874,119876],{"id":119875},"main-difference-at-a-glance","Main difference at a glance",[20,119878,119879],{},"Here is the core difference:",[158,119881,119882,119891],{},[161,119883,119884,119887,119888],{},[15,119885,119886],{},"sorted(iterable)"," → returns a ",[3824,119889,119890],{},"new sorted list",[161,119892,119893,119896,119897,74390],{},[15,119894,119895],{},"my_list.sort()"," → changes ",[15,119898,8418],{},[222,119900,119902],{"id":119901},"side-by-side-example","Side-by-side example",[41,119904,119906],{"className":43,"code":119905,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [5, 2, 4]\n\na = sorted(numbers)\nprint(\"numbers after sorted():\", numbers)\nprint(\"a:\", a)\n\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(\"numbers after sort():\", numbers)\n",[15,119907,119908,119928,119932,119946,119965,119984,119988,119998],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,119909,119910,119912,119914,119916,119918,119920,119922,119924,119926],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,119911,57],{"class":56},[50,119913,61],{"class":60},[50,119915,65],{"class":64},[50,119917,290],{"class":68},[50,119919,72],{"class":64},[50,119921,80],{"class":68},[50,119923,72],{"class":64},[50,119925,2554],{"class":68},[50,119927,83],{"class":64},[50,119929,119930],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,119931,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,119933,119934,119936,119938,119940,119942,119944],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,119935,2652],{"class":56},[50,119937,61],{"class":60},[50,119939,95],{"class":94},[50,119941,98],{"class":64},[50,119943,102],{"class":101},[50,119945,105],{"class":64},[50,119947,119948,119950,119952,119954,119957,119959,119961,119963],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,119949,118],{"class":94},[50,119951,98],{"class":64},[50,119953,811],{"class":604},[50,119955,119956],{"class":608},"numbers after sorted():",[50,119958,811],{"class":604},[50,119960,72],{"class":64},[50,119962,4341],{"class":101},[50,119964,105],{"class":64},[50,119966,119967,119969,119971,119973,119976,119978,119980,119982],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,119968,118],{"class":94},[50,119970,98],{"class":64},[50,119972,811],{"class":604},[50,119974,119975],{"class":608},"a:",[50,119977,811],{"class":604},[50,119979,72],{"class":64},[50,119981,56955],{"class":101},[50,119983,105],{"class":64},[50,119985,119986],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,119987,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,119989,119990,119992,119994,119996],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,119991,102],{"class":56},[50,119993,425],{"class":64},[50,119995,34869],{"class":101},[50,119997,8722],{"class":64},[50,119999,120000,120002,120004,120006,120009,120011,120013,120015],{"class":52,"line":6503},[50,120001,118],{"class":94},[50,120003,98],{"class":64},[50,120005,811],{"class":604},[50,120007,120008],{"class":608},"numbers after sort():",[50,120010,811],{"class":604},[50,120012,72],{"class":64},[50,120014,4341],{"class":101},[50,120016,105],{"class":64},[20,120018,120019],{},[3824,120020,353],{},[41,120022,120024],{"className":43,"code":120023,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers after sorted(): [5, 2, 4]\na: [2, 4, 5]\nnumbers after sort(): [2, 4, 5]\n",[15,120025,120026,120049,120069],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,120027,120028,120031,120033,120035,120037,120039,120041,120043,120045,120047],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,120029,120030],{"class":56},"numbers after ",[50,120032,191],{"class":94},[50,120034,29653],{"class":64},[50,120036,65],{"class":64},[50,120038,290],{"class":68},[50,120040,72],{"class":64},[50,120042,80],{"class":68},[50,120044,72],{"class":64},[50,120046,2554],{"class":68},[50,120048,83],{"class":64},[50,120050,120051,120053,120055,120057,120059,120061,120063,120065,120067],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,120052,421],{"class":56},[50,120054,819],{"class":64},[50,120056,65],{"class":64},[50,120058,1564],{"class":68},[50,120060,72],{"class":64},[50,120062,2554],{"class":68},[50,120064,72],{"class":64},[50,120066,375],{"class":68},[50,120068,83],{"class":64},[50,120070,120071,120073,120075,120077,120079,120081,120083,120085,120087,120089],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,120072,120030],{"class":56},[50,120074,34869],{"class":101},[50,120076,29653],{"class":64},[50,120078,65],{"class":64},[50,120080,1564],{"class":68},[50,120082,72],{"class":64},[50,120084,2554],{"class":68},[50,120086,72],{"class":64},[50,120088,375],{"class":68},[50,120090,83],{"class":64},[20,120092,10788],{},[158,120094,120095,120100],{},[161,120096,120097,120099],{},[15,120098,17],{}," keeps the original data unchanged",[161,120101,120102,120104],{},[15,120103,1770],{}," is useful when you do not need the original order anymore",[36,120106,5040,120108],{"id":120107},"when-to-use-sorted",[15,120109,17],{},[20,120111,920,120112,1504],{},[15,120113,17],{},[158,120115,120116,120119,120121,120124],{},[161,120117,120118],{},"you want to keep the original list unchanged",[161,120120,1512],{},[161,120122,120123],{},"you want to store the result in a new variable",[161,120125,120126],{},"you want clearer code that is easy to read",[222,120128,120130],{"id":120129},"example-sorting-a-tuple","Example: sorting a tuple",[41,120132,120134],{"className":43,"code":120133,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = (4, 1, 3, 2)\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,120135,120136,120160,120164,120178,120182,120192],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,120137,120138,120140,120142,120144,120146,120148,120150,120152,120154,120156,120158],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,120139,57],{"class":56},[50,120141,61],{"class":60},[50,120143,521],{"class":64},[50,120145,2602],{"class":68},[50,120147,72],{"class":64},[50,120149,75],{"class":68},[50,120151,72],{"class":64},[50,120153,500],{"class":68},[50,120155,72],{"class":64},[50,120157,80],{"class":68},[50,120159,105],{"class":64},[50,120161,120162],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,120163,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,120165,120166,120168,120170,120172,120174,120176],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,120167,89],{"class":56},[50,120169,61],{"class":60},[50,120171,95],{"class":94},[50,120173,98],{"class":64},[50,120175,102],{"class":101},[50,120177,105],{"class":64},[50,120179,120180],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,120181,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,120183,120184,120186,120188,120190],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,120185,118],{"class":94},[50,120187,98],{"class":64},[50,120189,123],{"class":101},[50,120191,105],{"class":64},[50,120193,120194,120196,120198,120200,120202,120204],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,120195,118],{"class":94},[50,120197,98],{"class":64},[50,120199,558],{"class":557},[50,120201,98],{"class":64},[50,120203,123],{"class":101},[50,120205,478],{"class":64},[20,120207,120208],{},[3824,120209,353],{},[41,120211,120213],{"className":43,"code":120212,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,120214,120215,120235],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,120216,120217,120219,120221,120223,120225,120227,120229,120231,120233],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,120218,363],{"class":64},[50,120220,366],{"class":68},[50,120222,72],{"class":64},[50,120224,80],{"class":68},[50,120226,72],{"class":64},[50,120228,500],{"class":68},[50,120230,72],{"class":64},[50,120232,2554],{"class":68},[50,120234,83],{"class":64},[50,120236,120237,120239,120241,120243,120245,120247],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,120238,597],{"class":60},[50,120240,601],{"class":600},[50,120242,605],{"class":604},[50,120244,437],{"class":608},[50,120246,611],{"class":604},[50,120248,614],{"class":60},[20,120250,2384,120251,120253,120254,425],{},[15,120252,17],{}," can sort a tuple, but the result is a ",[3824,120255,437],{},[20,120257,120258,120259,120261],{},"If you are still learning list behavior, ",[421,120260,1909],{"href":1908}," is a helpful next step.",[36,120263,5040,120265],{"id":120264},"when-to-use-listsort",[15,120266,30],{},[20,120268,920,120269,1504],{},[15,120270,30],{},[158,120272,120273,120276,120279,120282],{},[161,120274,120275],{},"you already have a list",[161,120277,120278],{},"you want to update that list directly",[161,120280,120281],{},"you do not need the original order anymore",[161,120283,120284],{},"you want a simple in-place change",[222,120286,120288],{"id":120287},"example-sorting-one-list-directly","Example: sorting one list directly",[41,120290,120292],{"className":43,"code":120291,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"names = [\"Charlie\", \"Alice\", \"Bob\"]\n\nnames.sort()\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,120293,120294,120326,120330,120340,120344],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,120295,120296,120298,120300,120302,120304,120306,120308,120310,120312,120314,120316,120318,120320,120322,120324],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,120297,5074],{"class":56},[50,120299,61],{"class":60},[50,120301,65],{"class":64},[50,120303,811],{"class":604},[50,120305,5101],{"class":608},[50,120307,811],{"class":604},[50,120309,72],{"class":64},[50,120311,700],{"class":604},[50,120313,5083],{"class":608},[50,120315,811],{"class":604},[50,120317,72],{"class":64},[50,120319,700],{"class":604},[50,120321,5092],{"class":608},[50,120323,811],{"class":604},[50,120325,83],{"class":64},[50,120327,120328],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,120329,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,120331,120332,120334,120336,120338],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,120333,5118],{"class":56},[50,120335,425],{"class":64},[50,120337,34869],{"class":101},[50,120339,8722],{"class":64},[50,120341,120342],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,120343,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,120345,120346,120348,120350,120352],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,120347,118],{"class":94},[50,120349,98],{"class":64},[50,120351,5118],{"class":101},[50,120353,105],{"class":64},[20,120355,120356],{},[3824,120357,353],{},[41,120359,120361],{"className":43,"code":120360,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\n",[15,120362,120363],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,120364,120365,120367,120369,120371,120373,120375,120377,120379,120381,120383,120385,120387,120389],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,120366,363],{"class":64},[50,120368,611],{"class":604},[50,120370,5083],{"class":608},[50,120372,611],{"class":604},[50,120374,72],{"class":64},[50,120376,605],{"class":604},[50,120378,5092],{"class":608},[50,120380,611],{"class":604},[50,120382,72],{"class":64},[50,120384,605],{"class":604},[50,120386,5101],{"class":608},[50,120388,611],{"class":604},[50,120390,83],{"class":64},[20,120392,120393],{},"This is a good choice when you only need the list in sorted form and do not care about keeping the old order.",[20,120395,120396,120397,425],{},"If your goal is the task itself, see ",[421,120398,1982],{"href":423},[36,120400,120402,4472,120404,120406],{"id":120401},"reverse-and-key-work-with-both",[15,120403,243],{},[15,120405,237],{}," work with both",[20,120408,10666,120409,4472,120411,120413],{},[15,120410,17],{},[15,120412,30],{}," support:",[158,120415,120416,120421],{},[161,120417,120418,120420],{},[15,120419,917],{}," for descending order",[161,120422,120423,120426],{},[15,120424,120425],{},"key=..."," for custom sorting rules",[20,120428,120429],{},"The sorting behavior is very similar. The main difference is still whether you get a new list or change the original one.",[222,120431,120433],{"id":120432},"example-descending-order","Example: descending order",[41,120435,120437],{"className":43,"code":120436,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120438,120439,120459,120463,120485,120489,120507],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,120440,120441,120443,120445,120447,120449,120451,120453,120455,120457],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,120442,57],{"class":56},[50,120444,61],{"class":60},[50,120446,65],{"class":64},[50,120448,69],{"class":68},[50,120450,72],{"class":64},[50,120452,75],{"class":68},[50,120454,72],{"class":64},[50,120456,80],{"class":68},[50,120458,83],{"class":64},[50,120460,120461],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,120462,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,120464,120465,120467,120469,120471,120473,120475,120477,120479,120481,120483],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,120466,118],{"class":94},[50,120468,98],{"class":64},[50,120470,191],{"class":94},[50,120472,98],{"class":64},[50,120474,102],{"class":101},[50,120476,72],{"class":64},[50,120478,213],{"class":201},[50,120480,61],{"class":60},[50,120482,247],{"class":207},[50,120484,478],{"class":64},[50,120486,120487],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,120488,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,120490,120491,120493,120495,120497,120499,120501,120503,120505],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,120492,102],{"class":56},[50,120494,425],{"class":64},[50,120496,34869],{"class":101},[50,120498,98],{"class":64},[50,120500,243],{"class":201},[50,120502,61],{"class":60},[50,120504,247],{"class":207},[50,120506,105],{"class":64},[50,120508,120509,120511,120513,120515],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,120510,118],{"class":94},[50,120512,98],{"class":64},[50,120514,102],{"class":101},[50,120516,105],{"class":64},[20,120518,120519],{},[3824,120520,353],{},[41,120522,120524],{"className":43,"code":120523,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[3, 2, 1]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,120525,120526,120542],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,120527,120528,120530,120532,120534,120536,120538,120540],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,120529,363],{"class":64},[50,120531,69],{"class":68},[50,120533,72],{"class":64},[50,120535,80],{"class":68},[50,120537,72],{"class":64},[50,120539,75],{"class":68},[50,120541,83],{"class":64},[50,120543,120544,120546,120548,120550,120552,120554,120556],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,120545,363],{"class":64},[50,120547,69],{"class":68},[50,120549,72],{"class":64},[50,120551,80],{"class":68},[50,120553,72],{"class":64},[50,120555,75],{"class":68},[50,120557,83],{"class":64},[222,120559,120561],{"id":120560},"example-case-insensitive-sorting","Example: case-insensitive sorting",[41,120563,120565],{"className":43,"code":120564,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words, key=str.lower))\n\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\nprint(words)\n",[15,120566,120567,120599,120603,120629,120633,120655],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,120568,120569,120571,120573,120575,120577,120579,120581,120583,120585,120587,120589,120591,120593,120595,120597],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,120570,1040],{"class":56},[50,120572,61],{"class":60},[50,120574,65],{"class":64},[50,120576,811],{"class":604},[50,120578,1349],{"class":608},[50,120580,811],{"class":604},[50,120582,72],{"class":64},[50,120584,700],{"class":604},[50,120586,1049],{"class":608},[50,120588,811],{"class":604},[50,120590,72],{"class":64},[50,120592,700],{"class":604},[50,120594,1366],{"class":608},[50,120596,811],{"class":604},[50,120598,83],{"class":64},[50,120600,120601],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,120602,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,120604,120605,120607,120609,120611,120613,120615,120617,120619,120621,120623,120625,120627],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,120606,118],{"class":94},[50,120608,98],{"class":64},[50,120610,191],{"class":94},[50,120612,98],{"class":64},[50,120614,1088],{"class":101},[50,120616,72],{"class":64},[50,120618,202],{"class":201},[50,120620,61],{"class":60},[50,120622,1395],{"class":557},[50,120624,425],{"class":64},[50,120626,1401],{"class":1400},[50,120628,478],{"class":64},[50,120630,120631],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,120632,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,120634,120635,120637,120639,120641,120643,120645,120647,120649,120651,120653],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,120636,1088],{"class":56},[50,120638,425],{"class":64},[50,120640,34869],{"class":101},[50,120642,98],{"class":64},[50,120644,237],{"class":201},[50,120646,61],{"class":60},[50,120648,1395],{"class":557},[50,120650,425],{"class":64},[50,120652,1401],{"class":1400},[50,120654,105],{"class":64},[50,120656,120657,120659,120661,120663],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,120658,118],{"class":94},[50,120660,98],{"class":64},[50,120662,1088],{"class":101},[50,120664,105],{"class":64},[20,120666,120667],{},[3824,120668,353],{},[41,120670,120672],{"className":43,"code":120671,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,120673,120674,120702],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,120675,120676,120678,120680,120682,120684,120686,120688,120690,120692,120694,120696,120698,120700],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,120677,363],{"class":64},[50,120679,611],{"class":604},[50,120681,1049],{"class":608},[50,120683,611],{"class":604},[50,120685,72],{"class":64},[50,120687,605],{"class":604},[50,120689,1349],{"class":608},[50,120691,611],{"class":604},[50,120693,72],{"class":64},[50,120695,605],{"class":604},[50,120697,1366],{"class":608},[50,120699,611],{"class":604},[50,120701,83],{"class":64},[50,120703,120704,120706,120708,120710,120712,120714,120716,120718,120720,120722,120724,120726,120728],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,120705,363],{"class":64},[50,120707,611],{"class":604},[50,120709,1049],{"class":608},[50,120711,611],{"class":604},[50,120713,72],{"class":64},[50,120715,605],{"class":604},[50,120717,1349],{"class":608},[50,120719,611],{"class":604},[50,120721,72],{"class":64},[50,120723,605],{"class":604},[50,120725,1366],{"class":608},[50,120727,611],{"class":604},[50,120729,83],{"class":64},[20,120731,914,120732,120734],{},[15,120733,78634],{}," tells Python to compare words in lowercase form.",[20,120736,120737,120738,425],{},"For more advanced custom sorting, especially with dictionaries, see ",[421,120739,120741],{"href":120740},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-of-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","How to sort a list of dictionaries in Python",[36,120743,120745],{"id":120744},"beginner-mistakes-to-watch-for","Beginner mistakes to watch for",[20,120747,120748],{},"These are the most common problems beginners run into.",[222,120750,120752,120753,12672],{"id":120751},"mistake-1-assigning-listsort-to-a-variable","Mistake 1: Assigning ",[15,120754,30],{},[20,120756,120757],{},"This is probably the most common one.",[41,120759,120761],{"className":43,"code":120760,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120762,120763,120783,120787,120801,120805,120815],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,120764,120765,120767,120769,120771,120773,120775,120777,120779,120781],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,120766,57],{"class":56},[50,120768,61],{"class":60},[50,120770,65],{"class":64},[50,120772,69],{"class":68},[50,120774,72],{"class":64},[50,120776,75],{"class":68},[50,120778,72],{"class":64},[50,120780,80],{"class":68},[50,120782,83],{"class":64},[50,120784,120785],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,120786,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,120788,120789,120791,120793,120795,120797,120799],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,120790,89],{"class":56},[50,120792,61],{"class":60},[50,120794,4341],{"class":56},[50,120796,425],{"class":64},[50,120798,34869],{"class":101},[50,120800,8722],{"class":64},[50,120802,120803],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,120804,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,120806,120807,120809,120811,120813],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,120808,118],{"class":94},[50,120810,98],{"class":64},[50,120812,123],{"class":101},[50,120814,105],{"class":64},[50,120816,120817,120819,120821,120823],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,120818,118],{"class":94},[50,120820,98],{"class":64},[50,120822,102],{"class":101},[50,120824,105],{"class":64},[20,120826,120827],{},[3824,120828,353],{},[41,120830,120831],{"className":43,"code":79255,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,120832,120833,120837],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,120834,120835],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,120836,11882],{"class":207},[50,120838,120839,120841,120843,120845,120847,120849,120851],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,120840,363],{"class":64},[50,120842,366],{"class":68},[50,120844,72],{"class":64},[50,120846,80],{"class":68},[50,120848,72],{"class":64},[50,120850,500],{"class":68},[50,120852,83],{"class":64},[20,120854,11974],{},[158,120856,120857,120862,120867],{},[161,120858,120859,120861],{},[15,120860,119864],{}," sorts the list in place",[161,120863,35085,120864,120866],{},[3824,120865,4709],{}," return the sorted list",[161,120868,90029,120869,42225,120871],{},[15,120870,123],{},[15,120872,208],{},[222,120874,120876,120877,120879],{"id":120875},"mistake-2-expecting-sorted-to-change-the-original-list","Mistake 2: Expecting ",[15,120878,17],{}," to change the original list",[41,120881,120883],{"className":43,"code":120882,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120884,120885,120905,120909,120919,120923],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,120886,120887,120889,120891,120893,120895,120897,120899,120901,120903],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,120888,57],{"class":56},[50,120890,61],{"class":60},[50,120892,65],{"class":64},[50,120894,69],{"class":68},[50,120896,72],{"class":64},[50,120898,75],{"class":68},[50,120900,72],{"class":64},[50,120902,80],{"class":68},[50,120904,83],{"class":64},[50,120906,120907],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,120908,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,120910,120911,120913,120915,120917],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,120912,191],{"class":94},[50,120914,98],{"class":64},[50,120916,102],{"class":101},[50,120918,105],{"class":64},[50,120920,120921],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,120922,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,120924,120925,120927,120929,120931],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,120926,118],{"class":94},[50,120928,98],{"class":64},[50,120930,102],{"class":101},[50,120932,105],{"class":64},[20,120934,120935],{},[3824,120936,353],{},[41,120938,120939],{"className":43,"code":1718,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,120940,120941],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,120942,120943,120945,120947,120949,120951,120953,120955],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,120944,363],{"class":64},[50,120946,69],{"class":68},[50,120948,72],{"class":64},[50,120950,75],{"class":68},[50,120952,72],{"class":64},[50,120954,80],{"class":68},[50,120956,83],{"class":64},[20,120958,120959,120962],{},[15,120960,120961],{},"sorted(numbers)"," creates a new sorted list, but here the result is not saved anywhere.",[20,120964,10883],{},[41,120966,120968],{"className":43,"code":120967,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n",[15,120969,120970,120990,120994,121008,121012],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,120971,120972,120974,120976,120978,120980,120982,120984,120986,120988],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,120973,57],{"class":56},[50,120975,61],{"class":60},[50,120977,65],{"class":64},[50,120979,69],{"class":68},[50,120981,72],{"class":64},[50,120983,75],{"class":68},[50,120985,72],{"class":64},[50,120987,80],{"class":68},[50,120989,83],{"class":64},[50,120991,120992],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,120993,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,120995,120996,120998,121000,121002,121004,121006],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,120997,55710],{"class":56},[50,120999,61],{"class":60},[50,121001,95],{"class":94},[50,121003,98],{"class":64},[50,121005,102],{"class":101},[50,121007,105],{"class":64},[50,121009,121010],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,121011,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,121013,121014,121016,121018,121020],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,121015,118],{"class":94},[50,121017,98],{"class":64},[50,121019,55729],{"class":101},[50,121021,105],{"class":64},[222,121023,121025,121026,121028],{"id":121024},"mistake-3-trying-to-call-sort-on-a-tuple-or-string","Mistake 3: Trying to call ",[15,121027,1770],{}," on a tuple or string",[41,121030,121031],{"className":43,"code":79356,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,121032,121033,121045],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,121034,121035,121037,121039,121041,121043],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,121036,695],{"class":56},[50,121038,61],{"class":60},[50,121040,700],{"class":604},[50,121042,45],{"class":608},[50,121044,705],{"class":604},[50,121046,121047,121049,121051,121053],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,121048,718],{"class":56},[50,121050,425],{"class":64},[50,121052,34869],{"class":101},[50,121054,8722],{"class":64},[20,121056,121057,121058,33671],{},"This will fail because strings do not have a ",[15,121059,1770],{},[20,121061,121062,121064],{},[15,121063,1770],{}," only works on lists.",[20,121066,121067,121068,121070,121071,425],{},"If you need to sort other iterable objects, use ",[15,121069,17],{},". This is easier to understand if you know what an iterable is, so you may also want to read ",[421,121072,5216],{"href":5664},[222,121074,121076,121077,1759],{"id":121075},"mistake-4-forgetting-that-sorted-always-returns-a-list","Mistake 4: Forgetting that ",[15,121078,17],{},[41,121080,121082],{"className":43,"code":121081,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"cab\"\nresult = sorted(text)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,121083,121084,121097,121111,121115,121125],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,121085,121086,121088,121090,121092,121095],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,121087,695],{"class":56},[50,121089,61],{"class":60},[50,121091,700],{"class":604},[50,121093,121094],{"class":608},"cab",[50,121096,705],{"class":604},[50,121098,121099,121101,121103,121105,121107,121109],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,121100,89],{"class":56},[50,121102,61],{"class":60},[50,121104,95],{"class":94},[50,121106,98],{"class":64},[50,121108,718],{"class":101},[50,121110,105],{"class":64},[50,121112,121113],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,121114,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,121116,121117,121119,121121,121123],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,121118,118],{"class":94},[50,121120,98],{"class":64},[50,121122,123],{"class":101},[50,121124,105],{"class":64},[50,121126,121127,121129,121131,121133,121135,121137],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,121128,118],{"class":94},[50,121130,98],{"class":64},[50,121132,558],{"class":557},[50,121134,98],{"class":64},[50,121136,123],{"class":101},[50,121138,478],{"class":64},[20,121140,121141],{},[3824,121142,353],{},[41,121144,121146],{"className":43,"code":121145,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,121147,121148,121176],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,121149,121150,121152,121154,121156,121158,121160,121162,121164,121166,121168,121170,121172,121174],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,121151,363],{"class":64},[50,121153,611],{"class":604},[50,121155,421],{"class":608},[50,121157,611],{"class":604},[50,121159,72],{"class":64},[50,121161,605],{"class":604},[50,121163,4839],{"class":608},[50,121165,611],{"class":604},[50,121167,72],{"class":64},[50,121169,605],{"class":604},[50,121171,9817],{"class":608},[50,121173,611],{"class":604},[50,121175,83],{"class":64},[50,121177,121178,121180,121182,121184,121186,121188],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,121179,597],{"class":60},[50,121181,601],{"class":600},[50,121183,605],{"class":604},[50,121185,437],{"class":608},[50,121187,611],{"class":604},[50,121189,614],{"class":60},[20,121191,121192],{},"Even though the original value was a string, the result is still a list.",[36,121194,113766],{"id":113765},[20,121196,121197],{},"Beginners usually mix these up for one of these reasons:",[158,121199,121200,121203,121208,121213,121219],{},[161,121201,121202],{},"confusing a function with a method",[161,121204,121205,121206,53713],{},"not knowing that ",[15,121207,1770],{},[161,121209,121210,121211,12672],{},"assigning the result of ",[15,121212,30],{},[161,121214,121215,121216,121218],{},"trying to use ",[15,121217,1770],{}," on non-list data types",[161,121220,50575,121221,121223],{},[15,121222,17],{}," to preserve the original data type, such as tuple or string",[20,121225,121226],{},"If something is not behaving the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[41,121228,121230],{"className":43,"code":121229,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(my_list)\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nresult = my_list.sort(); print(result)\nprint(type(my_data))\nhelp(sorted)\nhelp(list.sort)\n",[15,121231,121232,121242,121256,121281,121296,121306],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,121233,121234,121236,121238,121240],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,121235,118],{"class":94},[50,121237,98],{"class":64},[50,121239,8418],{"class":101},[50,121241,105],{"class":64},[50,121243,121244,121246,121248,121250,121252,121254],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,121245,118],{"class":94},[50,121247,98],{"class":64},[50,121249,191],{"class":94},[50,121251,98],{"class":64},[50,121253,8418],{"class":101},[50,121255,478],{"class":64},[50,121257,121258,121260,121262,121264,121266,121268,121270,121273,121275,121277,121279],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,121259,89],{"class":56},[50,121261,61],{"class":60},[50,121263,8475],{"class":56},[50,121265,425],{"class":64},[50,121267,34869],{"class":101},[50,121269,7445],{"class":64},[50,121271,121272],{"class":56},"; ",[50,121274,118],{"class":94},[50,121276,98],{"class":64},[50,121278,123],{"class":101},[50,121280,105],{"class":64},[50,121282,121283,121285,121287,121289,121291,121294],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,121284,118],{"class":94},[50,121286,98],{"class":64},[50,121288,558],{"class":557},[50,121290,98],{"class":64},[50,121292,121293],{"class":101},"my_data",[50,121295,478],{"class":64},[50,121297,121298,121300,121302,121304],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,121299,32222],{"class":94},[50,121301,98],{"class":64},[50,121303,191],{"class":94},[50,121305,105],{"class":64},[50,121307,121308,121310,121312,121314,121316,121318],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,121309,32222],{"class":94},[50,121311,98],{"class":64},[50,121313,437],{"class":557},[50,121315,425],{"class":64},[50,121317,34869],{"class":1400},[50,121319,105],{"class":64},[20,121321,84416],{},[158,121323,121324,121327,121331,121339],{},[161,121325,121326],{},"whether your original list changed",[161,121328,26088,121329,11780],{},[15,121330,17],{},[161,121332,121333,121334,121336,121337],{},"whether ",[15,121335,1770],{}," returned ",[15,121338,208],{},[161,121340,121341],{},"what type of object you are working with",[36,121343,121345],{"id":121344},"simple-rule-to-remember","Simple rule to remember",[20,121347,121348],{},"Use this rule:",[158,121350,121351,121359],{},[161,121352,121353,121354,121356,121357],{},"Need a ",[3824,121355,119447],{},": use ",[15,121358,17],{},[161,121360,121361,121362,121356,121365],{},"Need to ",[3824,121363,121364],{},"change one list directly",[15,121366,30],{},[20,121368,121369,121370,121372],{},"For many beginners, ",[15,121371,17],{}," feels easier because it is more explicit and does not silently change the original list.",[36,121374,1913],{"id":1912},[222,121376,121378,121379,2976,121381,1943],{"id":121377},"which-is-better-for-beginners-sorted-or-listsort","Which is better for beginners, ",[15,121380,17],{},[15,121382,30],{},[20,121384,121385,121387],{},[15,121386,17],{}," is often easier to understand because it returns a new result and does not change the original data.",[222,121389,1963,121391,5239,121393,1943],{"id":121390},"why-does-listsort-return-none",[15,121392,30],{},[15,121394,208],{},[20,121396,121397],{},"Because it changes the list directly instead of creating and returning a new sorted list.",[222,121399,5248,121401,121403],{"id":121400},"can-sorted-sort-a-tuple",[15,121402,17],{}," sort a tuple?",[20,121405,121406],{},"Yes. It can sort any iterable, but it returns a list.",[222,121408,28398,121410,121412],{"id":121409},"can-i-use-sort-on-a-string",[15,121411,1770],{}," on a string?",[20,121414,46435,121415,121417,121418,39998],{},[15,121416,1770],{}," is a list method. Use ",[15,121419,121420],{},"sorted(string)",[222,121422,11893,121424,4472,121426,121428],{"id":121423},"do-sorted-and-sort-both-support-descending-order",[15,121425,17],{},[15,121427,1770],{}," both support descending order?",[20,121430,121431,121432,425],{},"Yes. Both support ",[15,121433,917],{},[36,121435,1975],{"id":1974},[158,121437,121438,121444,121450,121454,121458],{},[161,121439,121440],{},[421,121441,13,121442,1461],{"href":74577},[15,121443,17],{},[161,121445,121446],{},[421,121447,13,121448,10816],{"href":74830},[15,121449,30],{},[161,121451,121452],{},[421,121453,1982],{"href":423},[161,121455,121456],{},[421,121457,120741],{"href":120740},[161,121459,121460],{},[421,121461,1909],{"href":1908},[2018,121463,121464],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":121466},[121467,121468,121469,121473,121477,121480,121484,121488,121493,121503,121504,121505,121517],{"id":38,"depth":86,"text":39},{"id":119535,"depth":86,"text":119536},{"id":152,"depth":86,"text":2025,"children":121470},[121471],{"id":119602,"depth":108,"text":121472},"Example: sorted() keeps the original list unchanged",{"id":77986,"depth":86,"text":79939,"children":121474},[121475],{"id":119779,"depth":108,"text":121476},"Example: list.sort() changes the original list",{"id":119875,"depth":86,"text":119876,"children":121478},[121479],{"id":119901,"depth":108,"text":119902},{"id":120107,"depth":86,"text":121481,"children":121482},"When to use sorted()",[121483],{"id":120129,"depth":108,"text":120130},{"id":120264,"depth":86,"text":121485,"children":121486},"When to use list.sort()",[121487],{"id":120287,"depth":108,"text":120288},{"id":120401,"depth":86,"text":121489,"children":121490},"reverse and key work with both",[121491,121492],{"id":120432,"depth":108,"text":120433},{"id":120560,"depth":108,"text":120561},{"id":120744,"depth":86,"text":120745,"children":121494},[121495,121497,121499,121501],{"id":120751,"depth":108,"text":121496},"Mistake 1: Assigning list.sort() to a variable",{"id":120875,"depth":108,"text":121498},"Mistake 2: Expecting sorted() to change the original list",{"id":121024,"depth":108,"text":121500},"Mistake 3: Trying to call sort() on a tuple or string",{"id":121075,"depth":108,"text":121502},"Mistake 4: Forgetting that sorted() always returns a list",{"id":113765,"depth":86,"text":113766},{"id":121344,"depth":86,"text":121345},{"id":1912,"depth":86,"text":1913,"children":121506},[121507,121509,121511,121513,121515],{"id":121377,"depth":108,"text":121508},"Which is better for beginners, sorted() or list.sort()?",{"id":121390,"depth":108,"text":121510},"Why does list.sort() return None?",{"id":121400,"depth":108,"text":121512},"Can sorted() sort a tuple?",{"id":121409,"depth":108,"text":121514},"Can I use sort() on a string?",{"id":121423,"depth":108,"text":121516},"Do sorted() and sort() both support descending order?",{"id":1974,"depth":86,"text":1975},"Master python sorted vs list.sort explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":119406,"description":121518},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","X_9GbXWbpLil07A8gxuHLi2EoRTNXkAwL_w70GVpp14",{"id":121524,"title":42246,"body":121525,"description":123257,"extension":2064,"meta":123258,"navigation":111,"path":123259,"seo":123260,"stem":123261,"__hash__":123262},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":121526,"toc":123214},[121527,121532,121537,121543,121545,121600,121604,121627,121632,121637,121642,121644,121675,121678,121692,121694,121696,121711,121716,121720,121723,121774,121778,121792,121799,121803,121807,121862,121866,121889,121893,121949,121953,121976,121980,122035,122039,122062,122066,122133,122137,122172,122178,122183,122188,122190,122204,122206,122280,122284,122304,122309,122316,122319,122331,122333,122402,122406,122443,122446,122471,122478,122487,122490,122502,122508,122514,122516,122522,122527,122606,122610,122651,122655,122657,122684,122687,122710,122713,122719,122722,122759,122771,122778,122780,122831,122834,122866,122869,122871,122878,122880,122895,122897,122954,122958,122982,122984,122989,123005,123012,123016,123019,123102,123112,123114,123119,123122,123128,123131,123137,123140,123146,123149,123156,123164,123166,123211],[10,121528,13,121530,18],{"id":121529},"python-str-function-explained",[15,121531,47754],{},[20,121533,32387,121534,121536],{},[15,121535,47754],{}," function converts a value into a string.",[20,121538,121539,121540,121542],{},"A string is text in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,121541,47754],{}," when they need to turn a number into text before combining it with other strings.",[36,121544,2105],{"id":2104},[41,121546,121548],{"className":43,"code":121547,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121549,121550,121558,121572,121576,121586],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,121551,121552,121554,121556],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,121553,21697],{"class":56},[50,121555,61],{"class":60},[50,121557,45295],{"class":68},[50,121559,121560,121562,121564,121566,121568,121570],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,121561,695],{"class":56},[50,121563,61],{"class":60},[50,121565,48974],{"class":557},[50,121567,98],{"class":64},[50,121569,833],{"class":101},[50,121571,105],{"class":64},[50,121573,121574],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,121575,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,121577,121578,121580,121582,121584],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,121579,118],{"class":94},[50,121581,98],{"class":64},[50,121583,718],{"class":101},[50,121585,105],{"class":64},[50,121587,121588,121590,121592,121594,121596,121598],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,121589,118],{"class":94},[50,121591,98],{"class":64},[50,121593,558],{"class":557},[50,121595,98],{"class":64},[50,121597,718],{"class":101},[50,121599,478],{"class":64},[20,121601,121602],{},[3824,121603,353],{},[41,121605,121607],{"className":43,"code":121606,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121608,121609,121613],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,121610,121611],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,121612,2807],{"class":68},[50,121614,121615,121617,121619,121621,121623,121625],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,121616,597],{"class":60},[50,121618,601],{"class":600},[50,121620,605],{"class":604},[50,121622,1395],{"class":608},[50,121624,611],{"class":604},[50,121626,614],{"class":60},[20,121628,920,121629,121631],{},[15,121630,47754],{}," when you need a string version of a value, such as a number before joining or concatenating text.",[36,121633,153,121635,156],{"id":121634},"what-str-does",[15,121636,47754],{},[20,121638,121639,121641],{},[15,121640,47754],{}," converts a value into a string.",[20,121643,2207],{},[158,121645,121646,121653,121660,121667],{},[161,121647,121648,121649,42225,121651],{},"An integer like ",[15,121650,1618],{},[15,121652,42196],{},[161,121654,121655,121656,42225,121658],{},"A float like ",[15,121657,40212],{},[15,121659,48165],{},[161,121661,121662,121663,42225,121665],{},"A boolean like ",[15,121664,247],{},[15,121666,6719],{},[161,121668,121669,121670,42225,121672],{},"A list like ",[15,121671,75301],{},[15,121673,121674],{},"\"[1, 2, 3]\"",[20,121676,121677],{},"The result is text, so you can:",[158,121679,121680,121683,121686,121689],{},[161,121681,121682],{},"print it",[161,121684,121685],{},"combine it with other strings",[161,121687,121688],{},"save it to a file",[161,121690,121691],{},"use it in messages",[36,121693,181],{"id":180},[20,121695,7297],{},[41,121697,121699],{"className":43,"code":121698,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"str(object)\n",[15,121700,121701],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,121702,121703,121705,121707,121709],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,121704,1395],{"class":557},[50,121706,98],{"class":64},[50,121708,42467],{"class":557},[50,121710,105],{"class":64},[20,121712,1325,121713,121715],{},[15,121714,42467],{}," is the value you want to convert.",[20,121717,121718,8304],{},[15,121719,47754],{},[20,121721,121722],{},"A very common beginner use case is converting a number before combining it with text:",[41,121724,121726],{"className":43,"code":121725,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"score = 100\nmessage = \"Your score is \" + str(score)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,121727,121728,121737,121760,121764],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,121729,121730,121732,121734],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,121731,5175],{"class":56},[50,121733,61],{"class":60},[50,121735,121736],{"class":68}," 100\n",[50,121738,121739,121741,121743,121745,121748,121750,121752,121754,121756,121758],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,121740,90049],{"class":56},[50,121742,61],{"class":60},[50,121744,700],{"class":604},[50,121746,121747],{"class":608},"Your score is ",[50,121749,811],{"class":604},[50,121751,2551],{"class":60},[50,121753,48974],{"class":557},[50,121755,98],{"class":64},[50,121757,85563],{"class":101},[50,121759,105],{"class":64},[50,121761,121762],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,121763,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,121765,121766,121768,121770,121772],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,121767,118],{"class":94},[50,121769,98],{"class":64},[50,121771,90066],{"class":101},[50,121773,105],{"class":64},[20,121775,121776],{},[3824,121777,353],{},[41,121779,121781],{"className":43,"code":121780,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Your score is 100\n",[15,121782,121783],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,121784,121785,121788,121790],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,121786,121787],{"class":56},"Your score ",[50,121789,12268],{"class":60},[50,121791,121736],{"class":68},[20,121793,2394,121794,121798],{},[421,121795,121796,1596],{"href":2397},[15,121797,2400],{}," can help you check.",[36,121800,121802],{"id":121801},"simple-examples","Simple examples",[222,121804,121806],{"id":121805},"convert-an-integer-to-a-string","Convert an integer to a string",[41,121808,121810],{"className":43,"code":121809,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"number = 10\ntext = str(number)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121811,121812,121820,121834,121838,121848],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,121813,121814,121816,121818],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,121815,2316],{"class":56},[50,121817,61],{"class":60},[50,121819,2685],{"class":68},[50,121821,121822,121824,121826,121828,121830,121832],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,121823,695],{"class":56},[50,121825,61],{"class":60},[50,121827,48974],{"class":557},[50,121829,98],{"class":64},[50,121831,2338],{"class":101},[50,121833,105],{"class":64},[50,121835,121836],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,121837,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,121839,121840,121842,121844,121846],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,121841,118],{"class":94},[50,121843,98],{"class":64},[50,121845,718],{"class":101},[50,121847,105],{"class":64},[50,121849,121850,121852,121854,121856,121858,121860],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,121851,118],{"class":94},[50,121853,98],{"class":64},[50,121855,558],{"class":557},[50,121857,98],{"class":64},[50,121859,718],{"class":101},[50,121861,478],{"class":64},[20,121863,121864],{},[3824,121865,353],{},[41,121867,121869],{"className":43,"code":121868,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"10\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121870,121871,121875],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,121872,121873],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,121874,2473],{"class":68},[50,121876,121877,121879,121881,121883,121885,121887],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,121878,597],{"class":60},[50,121880,601],{"class":600},[50,121882,605],{"class":604},[50,121884,1395],{"class":608},[50,121886,611],{"class":604},[50,121888,614],{"class":60},[222,121890,121892],{"id":121891},"convert-a-float-to-a-string","Convert a float to a string",[41,121894,121896],{"className":43,"code":121895,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"price = 3.14\ntext = str(price)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121897,121898,121907,121921,121925,121935],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,121899,121900,121902,121904],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,121901,40456],{"class":56},[50,121903,61],{"class":60},[50,121905,121906],{"class":68}," 3.14\n",[50,121908,121909,121911,121913,121915,121917,121919],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,121910,695],{"class":56},[50,121912,61],{"class":60},[50,121914,48974],{"class":557},[50,121916,98],{"class":64},[50,121918,25218],{"class":101},[50,121920,105],{"class":64},[50,121922,121923],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,121924,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,121926,121927,121929,121931,121933],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,121928,118],{"class":94},[50,121930,98],{"class":64},[50,121932,718],{"class":101},[50,121934,105],{"class":64},[50,121936,121937,121939,121941,121943,121945,121947],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,121938,118],{"class":94},[50,121940,98],{"class":64},[50,121942,558],{"class":557},[50,121944,98],{"class":64},[50,121946,718],{"class":101},[50,121948,478],{"class":64},[20,121950,121951],{},[3824,121952,353],{},[41,121954,121956],{"className":43,"code":121955,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"3.14\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121957,121958,121962],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,121959,121960],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,121961,40246],{"class":68},[50,121963,121964,121966,121968,121970,121972,121974],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,121965,597],{"class":60},[50,121967,601],{"class":600},[50,121969,605],{"class":604},[50,121971,1395],{"class":608},[50,121973,611],{"class":604},[50,121975,614],{"class":60},[222,121977,121979],{"id":121978},"convert-a-boolean-to-a-string","Convert a boolean to a string",[41,121981,121983],{"className":43,"code":121982,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = True\ntext = str(value)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121984,121985,121993,122007,122011,122021],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,121986,121987,121989,121991],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,121988,2544],{"class":56},[50,121990,61],{"class":60},[50,121992,6500],{"class":207},[50,121994,121995,121997,121999,122001,122003,122005],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,121996,695],{"class":56},[50,121998,61],{"class":60},[50,122000,48974],{"class":557},[50,122002,98],{"class":64},[50,122004,2570],{"class":101},[50,122006,105],{"class":64},[50,122008,122009],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,122010,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,122012,122013,122015,122017,122019],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,122014,118],{"class":94},[50,122016,98],{"class":64},[50,122018,718],{"class":101},[50,122020,105],{"class":64},[50,122022,122023,122025,122027,122029,122031,122033],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,122024,118],{"class":94},[50,122026,98],{"class":64},[50,122028,558],{"class":557},[50,122030,98],{"class":64},[50,122032,718],{"class":101},[50,122034,478],{"class":64},[20,122036,122037],{},[3824,122038,353],{},[41,122040,122042],{"className":43,"code":122041,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"True\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122043,122044,122048],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,122045,122046],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,122047,4061],{"class":207},[50,122049,122050,122052,122054,122056,122058,122060],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,122051,597],{"class":60},[50,122053,601],{"class":600},[50,122055,605],{"class":604},[50,122057,1395],{"class":608},[50,122059,611],{"class":604},[50,122061,614],{"class":60},[222,122063,122065],{"id":122064},"convert-a-list-to-a-string","Convert a list to a string",[41,122067,122069],{"className":43,"code":122068,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [1, 2, 3]\ntext = str(items)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122070,122071,122091,122105,122109,122119],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,122072,122073,122075,122077,122079,122081,122083,122085,122087,122089],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,122074,7859],{"class":56},[50,122076,61],{"class":60},[50,122078,65],{"class":64},[50,122080,366],{"class":68},[50,122082,72],{"class":64},[50,122084,80],{"class":68},[50,122086,72],{"class":64},[50,122088,500],{"class":68},[50,122090,83],{"class":64},[50,122092,122093,122095,122097,122099,122101,122103],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,122094,695],{"class":56},[50,122096,61],{"class":60},[50,122098,48974],{"class":557},[50,122100,98],{"class":64},[50,122102,7888],{"class":101},[50,122104,105],{"class":64},[50,122106,122107],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,122108,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,122110,122111,122113,122115,122117],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,122112,118],{"class":94},[50,122114,98],{"class":64},[50,122116,718],{"class":101},[50,122118,105],{"class":64},[50,122120,122121,122123,122125,122127,122129,122131],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,122122,118],{"class":94},[50,122124,98],{"class":64},[50,122126,558],{"class":557},[50,122128,98],{"class":64},[50,122130,718],{"class":101},[50,122132,478],{"class":64},[20,122134,122135],{},[3824,122136,353],{},[41,122138,122140],{"className":43,"code":122139,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122141,122142,122158],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,122143,122144,122146,122148,122150,122152,122154,122156],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,122145,363],{"class":64},[50,122147,366],{"class":68},[50,122149,72],{"class":64},[50,122151,80],{"class":68},[50,122153,72],{"class":64},[50,122155,500],{"class":68},[50,122157,83],{"class":64},[50,122159,122160,122162,122164,122166,122168,122170],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,122161,597],{"class":60},[50,122163,601],{"class":600},[50,122165,605],{"class":604},[50,122167,1395],{"class":608},[50,122169,611],{"class":604},[50,122171,614],{"class":60},[20,122173,122174,122175,122177],{},"This gives you the string form of the list. It does ",[3824,122176,4709],{}," join the items into a clean sentence.",[36,122179,5040,122181],{"id":122180},"when-to-use-str",[15,122182,47754],{},[20,122184,920,122185,122187],{},[15,122186,47754],{}," when you want a text representation of another data type.",[20,122189,36494],{},[158,122191,122192,122195,122198,122201],{},[161,122193,122194],{},"Before concatenating text with numbers",[161,122196,122197],{},"Before writing mixed values to a file",[161,122199,122200],{},"Before displaying values in messages",[161,122202,122203],{},"When you want text instead of a numeric value",[20,122205,1602],{},[41,122207,122209],{"className":43,"code":122208,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 25\n\nmessage = name + \" is \" + str(age) + \" years old.\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,122210,122211,122223,122231,122235,122270],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,122212,122213,122215,122217,122219,122221],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,122214,7955],{"class":56},[50,122216,61],{"class":60},[50,122218,700],{"class":604},[50,122220,11583],{"class":608},[50,122222,705],{"class":604},[50,122224,122225,122227,122229],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,122226,21697],{"class":56},[50,122228,61],{"class":60},[50,122230,45295],{"class":68},[50,122232,122233],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,122234,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,122236,122237,122239,122241,122243,122245,122247,122249,122251,122253,122255,122257,122259,122261,122263,122265,122268],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,122238,90049],{"class":56},[50,122240,61],{"class":60},[50,122242,36038],{"class":56},[50,122244,2161],{"class":60},[50,122246,700],{"class":604},[50,122248,4862],{"class":608},[50,122250,811],{"class":604},[50,122252,2551],{"class":60},[50,122254,48974],{"class":557},[50,122256,98],{"class":64},[50,122258,833],{"class":101},[50,122260,126],{"class":64},[50,122262,2551],{"class":60},[50,122264,700],{"class":604},[50,122266,122267],{"class":608}," years old.",[50,122269,705],{"class":604},[50,122271,122272,122274,122276,122278],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,122273,118],{"class":94},[50,122275,98],{"class":64},[50,122277,90066],{"class":101},[50,122279,105],{"class":64},[20,122281,122282],{},[3824,122283,353],{},[41,122285,122287],{"className":43,"code":122286,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Maya is 25 years old.\n",[15,122288,122289],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,122290,122291,122294,122296,122298,122301],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,122292,122293],{"class":56},"Maya ",[50,122295,12268],{"class":60},[50,122297,9384],{"class":68},[50,122299,122300],{"class":56}," years old",[50,122302,122303],{"class":64},".\n",[20,122305,122306,122307,425],{},"If you need help with cleaner message building, see ",[421,122308,89735],{"href":89734},[36,122310,122312,1467,122314],{"id":122311},"str-vs-print",[15,122313,47754],{},[15,122315,46522],{},[20,122317,122318],{},"These two functions do different jobs:",[158,122320,122321,122326],{},[161,122322,122323,122325],{},[15,122324,47754],{}," converts a value and returns a string",[161,122327,122328,122330],{},[15,122329,46522],{}," displays output on the screen",[20,122332,1602],{},[41,122334,122336],{"className":43,"code":122335,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = 42\n\ntext = str(value)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,122337,122338,122346,122350,122364,122374,122388],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,122339,122340,122342,122344],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,122341,2544],{"class":56},[50,122343,61],{"class":60},[50,122345,2867],{"class":68},[50,122347,122348],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,122349,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,122351,122352,122354,122356,122358,122360,122362],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,122353,695],{"class":56},[50,122355,61],{"class":60},[50,122357,48974],{"class":557},[50,122359,98],{"class":64},[50,122361,2570],{"class":101},[50,122363,105],{"class":64},[50,122365,122366,122368,122370,122372],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,122367,118],{"class":94},[50,122369,98],{"class":64},[50,122371,718],{"class":101},[50,122373,105],{"class":64},[50,122375,122376,122378,122380,122382,122384,122386],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,122377,118],{"class":94},[50,122379,98],{"class":64},[50,122381,558],{"class":557},[50,122383,98],{"class":64},[50,122385,718],{"class":101},[50,122387,478],{"class":64},[50,122389,122390,122392,122394,122396,122398,122400],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,122391,118],{"class":94},[50,122393,98],{"class":64},[50,122395,558],{"class":557},[50,122397,98],{"class":64},[50,122399,2570],{"class":101},[50,122401,478],{"class":64},[20,122403,122404],{},[3824,122405,353],{},[41,122407,122409],{"className":43,"code":122408,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,122410,122411,122415,122429],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,122412,122413],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,122414,46682],{"class":68},[50,122416,122417,122419,122421,122423,122425,122427],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,122418,597],{"class":60},[50,122420,601],{"class":600},[50,122422,605],{"class":604},[50,122424,1395],{"class":608},[50,122426,611],{"class":604},[50,122428,614],{"class":60},[50,122430,122431,122433,122435,122437,122439,122441],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,122432,597],{"class":60},[50,122434,601],{"class":600},[50,122436,605],{"class":604},[50,122438,2288],{"class":608},[50,122440,611],{"class":604},[50,122442,614],{"class":60},[20,122444,122445],{},"Notice:",[158,122447,122448,122454,122459],{},[161,122449,122450,122453],{},[15,122451,122452],{},"str(value)"," created a string",[161,122455,122456,122458],{},[15,122457,46522],{}," only displayed values",[161,122460,122461,122463,122464,122466,122467,61365,122469],{},[15,122462,46522],{}," did not change ",[15,122465,2570],{}," from ",[15,122468,2288],{},[15,122470,1395],{},[20,122472,122473,122474,425],{},"You can learn more about output with the ",[421,122475,122476,1596],{"href":46519},[15,122477,46522],{},[36,122479,122481,1467,122483,122486],{"id":122480},"str-vs-repr-for-beginners",[15,122482,47754],{},[15,122484,122485],{},"repr()"," for beginners",[20,122488,122489],{},"For beginners, the main idea is simple:",[158,122491,122492,122497],{},[161,122493,122494,122496],{},[15,122495,47754],{}," is the more readable text version",[161,122498,122499,122501],{},[15,122500,122485],{}," is more developer-focused",[20,122503,122504,122505,122507],{},"In everyday beginner code, you will usually need ",[15,122506,47754],{}," much more often.",[20,122509,122510,122511,122513],{},"For example, when showing values in a message, ",[15,122512,47754],{}," is usually the right choice.",[36,122515,4598],{"id":4597},[222,122517,25843,122519,122521],{"id":122518},"thinking-str-changes-the-original-variable",[15,122520,47754],{}," changes the original variable",[20,122523,122524,122526],{},[15,122525,47754],{}," does not modify the original value. It returns a new string.",[41,122528,122530],{"className":43,"code":122529,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122531,122532,122540,122554,122558,122568,122582,122592],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,122533,122534,122536,122538],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,122535,21697],{"class":56},[50,122537,61],{"class":60},[50,122539,45295],{"class":68},[50,122541,122542,122544,122546,122548,122550,122552],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,122543,695],{"class":56},[50,122545,61],{"class":60},[50,122547,48974],{"class":557},[50,122549,98],{"class":64},[50,122551,833],{"class":101},[50,122553,105],{"class":64},[50,122555,122556],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,122557,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,122559,122560,122562,122564,122566],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,122561,118],{"class":94},[50,122563,98],{"class":64},[50,122565,833],{"class":101},[50,122567,105],{"class":64},[50,122569,122570,122572,122574,122576,122578,122580],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,122571,118],{"class":94},[50,122573,98],{"class":64},[50,122575,558],{"class":557},[50,122577,98],{"class":64},[50,122579,833],{"class":101},[50,122581,478],{"class":64},[50,122583,122584,122586,122588,122590],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,122585,118],{"class":94},[50,122587,98],{"class":64},[50,122589,718],{"class":101},[50,122591,105],{"class":64},[50,122593,122594,122596,122598,122600,122602,122604],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,122595,118],{"class":94},[50,122597,98],{"class":64},[50,122599,558],{"class":557},[50,122601,98],{"class":64},[50,122603,718],{"class":101},[50,122605,478],{"class":64},[20,122607,122608],{},[3824,122609,353],{},[41,122611,122613],{"className":43,"code":122612,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122614,122615,122619,122633,122637],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,122616,122617],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,122618,2807],{"class":68},[50,122620,122621,122623,122625,122627,122629,122631],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,122622,597],{"class":60},[50,122624,601],{"class":600},[50,122626,605],{"class":604},[50,122628,2288],{"class":608},[50,122630,611],{"class":604},[50,122632,614],{"class":60},[50,122634,122635],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,122636,2807],{"class":68},[50,122638,122639,122641,122643,122645,122647,122649],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,122640,597],{"class":60},[50,122642,601],{"class":600},[50,122644,605],{"class":604},[50,122646,1395],{"class":608},[50,122648,611],{"class":604},[50,122650,614],{"class":60},[222,122652,122654],{"id":122653},"forgetting-to-store-the-result","Forgetting to store the result",[20,122656,6766],{},[41,122658,122660],{"className":43,"code":122659,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n",[15,122661,122662,122670],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,122663,122664,122666,122668],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,122665,21697],{"class":56},[50,122667,61],{"class":60},[50,122669,45295],{"class":68},[50,122671,122672,122674,122676,122678,122680,122682],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,122673,695],{"class":56},[50,122675,61],{"class":60},[50,122677,48974],{"class":557},[50,122679,98],{"class":64},[50,122681,833],{"class":101},[50,122683,105],{"class":64},[20,122685,122686],{},"But if you only do this:",[41,122688,122690],{"className":43,"code":122689,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"age = 25\nstr(age)\n",[15,122691,122692,122700],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,122693,122694,122696,122698],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,122695,21697],{"class":56},[50,122697,61],{"class":60},[50,122699,45295],{"class":68},[50,122701,122702,122704,122706,122708],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,122703,1395],{"class":557},[50,122705,98],{"class":64},[50,122707,833],{"class":101},[50,122709,105],{"class":64},[20,122711,122712],{},"the conversion happens, but you did not save the result anywhere.",[222,122714,914,122716,122718],{"id":122715},"using-str-too-early",[15,122717,47754],{}," too early",[20,122720,122721],{},"If you convert a number to a string, you can no longer use it directly for math.",[41,122723,122725],{"className":43,"code":122724,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"price = 10\ntext_price = str(price)\n\n# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[15,122726,122727,122735,122750,122754],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,122728,122729,122731,122733],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,122730,40456],{"class":56},[50,122732,61],{"class":60},[50,122734,2685],{"class":68},[50,122736,122737,122740,122742,122744,122746,122748],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,122738,122739],{"class":56},"text_price ",[50,122741,61],{"class":60},[50,122743,48974],{"class":557},[50,122745,98],{"class":64},[50,122747,25218],{"class":101},[50,122749,105],{"class":64},[50,122751,122752],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,122753,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,122755,122756],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,122757,122758],{"class":129},"# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[20,122760,122761,122762,2976,122766,122770],{},"If you need a number again, convert it back with ",[421,122763,122764],{"href":2972},[15,122765,2975],{},[421,122767,122768],{"href":2979},[15,122769,2982],{},", depending on the situation.",[222,122772,8532,122774,122777],{"id":122773},"expecting-strlist_value-to-create-user-friendly-formatting",[15,122775,122776],{},"str(list_value)"," to create user-friendly formatting",[20,122779,64704],{},[41,122781,122783],{"className":43,"code":122782,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nprint(str(items))\n",[15,122784,122785,122817],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,122786,122787,122789,122791,122793,122795,122797,122799,122801,122803,122805,122807,122809,122811,122813,122815],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,122788,7859],{"class":56},[50,122790,61],{"class":60},[50,122792,65],{"class":64},[50,122794,811],{"class":604},[50,122796,1049],{"class":608},[50,122798,811],{"class":604},[50,122800,72],{"class":64},[50,122802,700],{"class":604},[50,122804,1058],{"class":608},[50,122806,811],{"class":604},[50,122808,72],{"class":64},[50,122810,700],{"class":604},[50,122812,33291],{"class":608},[50,122814,811],{"class":604},[50,122816,83],{"class":64},[50,122818,122819,122821,122823,122825,122827,122829],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,122820,118],{"class":94},[50,122822,98],{"class":64},[50,122824,1395],{"class":557},[50,122826,98],{"class":64},[50,122828,7888],{"class":101},[50,122830,478],{"class":64},[20,122832,122833],{},"prints:",[41,122835,122836],{"className":43,"code":72897,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,122837,122838],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,122839,122840,122842,122844,122846,122848,122850,122852,122854,122856,122858,122860,122862,122864],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,122841,363],{"class":64},[50,122843,611],{"class":604},[50,122845,1049],{"class":608},[50,122847,611],{"class":604},[50,122849,72],{"class":64},[50,122851,605],{"class":604},[50,122853,1058],{"class":608},[50,122855,611],{"class":604},[50,122857,72],{"class":64},[50,122859,605],{"class":604},[50,122861,33291],{"class":608},[50,122863,611],{"class":604},[50,122865,83],{"class":64},[20,122867,122868],{},"That is the string representation of the list. It is not the same as a nicely formatted sentence.",[36,122870,17488],{"id":17487},[20,122872,122873,22044,122875,425],{},[15,122874,47754],{},[3824,122876,122877],{},"new string",[20,122879,11534],{},[158,122881,122882,122885,122888],{},[161,122883,122884],{},"It always returns a string",[161,122886,122887],{},"It does not modify the original object",[161,122889,7842,122890,122894],{},[421,122891,122892],{"href":2397},[15,122893,2400],{}," to confirm the result",[20,122896,1602],{},[41,122898,122900],{"className":43,"code":122899,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = 99\nconverted = str(value)\n\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,122901,122902,122910,122925,122929,122940],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,122903,122904,122906,122908],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,122905,2544],{"class":56},[50,122907,61],{"class":60},[50,122909,14203],{"class":68},[50,122911,122912,122915,122917,122919,122921,122923],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,122913,122914],{"class":56},"converted ",[50,122916,61],{"class":60},[50,122918,48974],{"class":557},[50,122920,98],{"class":64},[50,122922,2570],{"class":101},[50,122924,105],{"class":64},[50,122926,122927],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,122928,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,122930,122931,122933,122935,122938],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,122932,118],{"class":94},[50,122934,98],{"class":64},[50,122936,122937],{"class":101},"converted",[50,122939,105],{"class":64},[50,122941,122942,122944,122946,122948,122950,122952],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,122943,118],{"class":94},[50,122945,98],{"class":64},[50,122947,558],{"class":557},[50,122949,98],{"class":64},[50,122951,122937],{"class":101},[50,122953,478],{"class":64},[20,122955,122956],{},[3824,122957,353],{},[41,122959,122961],{"className":43,"code":122960,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"99\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122962,122963,122968],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,122964,122965],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,122966,122967],{"class":68},"99\n",[50,122969,122970,122972,122974,122976,122978,122980],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,122971,597],{"class":60},[50,122973,601],{"class":600},[50,122975,605],{"class":604},[50,122977,1395],{"class":608},[50,122979,611],{"class":604},[50,122981,614],{"class":60},[36,122983,113766],{"id":113765},[20,122985,122986,122987,74870],{},"Beginners usually run into trouble with ",[15,122988,47754],{},[158,122990,122991,122994,122997,123002],{},[161,122992,122993],{},"Trying to add a string and an integer without conversion",[161,122995,122996],{},"Confusing conversion with printing",[161,122998,914,122999,123001],{},[15,123000,47754],{}," too early and then trying to do math on the result",[161,123003,123004],{},"Assuming list or dictionary conversion creates user-friendly formatting",[20,123006,123007,123008,425],{},"A very common related error happens when you try to combine text and a number directly. If that is your problem, see ",[421,123009,25748,123010],{"href":90447},[15,123011,90448],{},[36,123013,123015],{"id":123014},"useful-debugging-steps","Useful debugging steps",[20,123017,123018],{},"If you are not sure what is happening, print both the value and its type:",[41,123020,123022],{"className":43,"code":123021,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = 25\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nconverted = str(value)\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,123023,123024,123032,123036,123046,123060,123064,123078,123088],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,123025,123026,123028,123030],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,123027,2544],{"class":56},[50,123029,61],{"class":60},[50,123031,45295],{"class":68},[50,123033,123034],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,123035,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,123037,123038,123040,123042,123044],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,123039,118],{"class":94},[50,123041,98],{"class":64},[50,123043,2570],{"class":101},[50,123045,105],{"class":64},[50,123047,123048,123050,123052,123054,123056,123058],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,123049,118],{"class":94},[50,123051,98],{"class":64},[50,123053,558],{"class":557},[50,123055,98],{"class":64},[50,123057,2570],{"class":101},[50,123059,478],{"class":64},[50,123061,123062],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,123063,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,123065,123066,123068,123070,123072,123074,123076],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,123067,122914],{"class":56},[50,123069,61],{"class":60},[50,123071,48974],{"class":557},[50,123073,98],{"class":64},[50,123075,2570],{"class":101},[50,123077,105],{"class":64},[50,123079,123080,123082,123084,123086],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,123081,118],{"class":94},[50,123083,98],{"class":64},[50,123085,122937],{"class":101},[50,123087,105],{"class":64},[50,123089,123090,123092,123094,123096,123098,123100],{"class":52,"line":6503},[50,123091,118],{"class":94},[50,123093,98],{"class":64},[50,123095,558],{"class":557},[50,123097,98],{"class":64},[50,123099,122937],{"class":101},[50,123101,478],{"class":64},[20,123103,123104,123105,31,123107,123109,123110,425],{},"This helps you see exactly when a value changes from ",[15,123106,2288],{},[15,123108,2291],{},", or another type into ",[15,123111,1395],{},[36,123113,1913],{"id":1912},[222,123115,1927,123117,5224],{"id":123116},"what-does-str-return-in-python",[15,123118,47754],{},[20,123120,123121],{},"It returns a string version of the value you pass in.",[222,123123,1917,123125,123127],{"id":123124},"does-str-change-the-original-variable",[15,123126,47754],{}," change the original variable?",[20,123129,123130],{},"No. It creates and returns a new string.",[222,123132,5248,123134,123136],{"id":123133},"can-str-convert-numbers-to-text",[15,123135,47754],{}," convert numbers to text?",[20,123138,123139],{},"Yes. It can convert integers, floats, and other values into strings.",[222,123141,94631,123143,123145],{"id":123142},"why-use-str-before-combining-text-and-numbers",[15,123144,47754],{}," before combining text and numbers?",[20,123147,123148],{},"Because Python does not let you directly concatenate a string with an integer or float.",[222,123150,14975,123152,57272,123154,1943],{"id":123151},"is-str-the-same-as-print",[15,123153,47754],{},[15,123155,46522],{},[20,123157,46435,123158,123160,123161,123163],{},[15,123159,47754],{}," converts to text. ",[15,123162,46522],{}," shows output.",[36,123165,1975],{"id":1974},[158,123167,123168,123174,123180,123186,123192,123201,123205],{},[161,123169,123170],{},[421,123171,123172,1461],{"href":46519},[15,123173,46522],{},[161,123175,123176],{},[421,123177,123178,1461],{"href":2397},[15,123179,2400],{},[161,123181,123182],{},[421,123183,123184,1461],{"href":2972},[15,123185,2975],{},[161,123187,123188],{},[421,123189,123190,1461],{"href":2979},[15,123191,2982],{},[161,123193,123194],{},[421,123195,123197,123198,123200],{"href":123196},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-int-to-string-in-python\u002F","How to convert ",[15,123199,2288],{}," to string in Python",[161,123202,123203],{},[421,123204,90725],{"href":89734},[161,123206,123207],{},[421,123208,30416,123209],{"href":90447},[15,123210,90448],{},[2018,123212,123213],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":123215},[123216,123217,123219,123220,123226,123228,123230,123232,123241,123242,123243,123244,123256],{"id":2104,"depth":86,"text":2105},{"id":121634,"depth":86,"text":123218},"What str() does",{"id":180,"depth":86,"text":181},{"id":121801,"depth":86,"text":121802,"children":123221},[123222,123223,123224,123225],{"id":121805,"depth":108,"text":121806},{"id":121891,"depth":108,"text":121892},{"id":121978,"depth":108,"text":121979},{"id":122064,"depth":108,"text":122065},{"id":122180,"depth":86,"text":123227},"When to use str()",{"id":122311,"depth":86,"text":123229},"str() vs print()",{"id":122480,"depth":86,"text":123231},"str() vs repr() for beginners",{"id":4597,"depth":86,"text":4598,"children":123233},[123234,123236,123237,123239],{"id":122518,"depth":108,"text":123235},"Thinking str() changes the original variable",{"id":122653,"depth":108,"text":122654},{"id":122715,"depth":108,"text":123238},"Using str() too early",{"id":122773,"depth":108,"text":123240},"Expecting str(list_value) to create user-friendly formatting",{"id":17487,"depth":86,"text":17488},{"id":113765,"depth":86,"text":113766},{"id":123014,"depth":86,"text":123015},{"id":1912,"depth":86,"text":1913,"children":123245},[123246,123248,123250,123252,123254],{"id":123116,"depth":108,"text":123247},"What does str() return in Python?",{"id":123124,"depth":108,"text":123249},"Does str() change the original variable?",{"id":123133,"depth":108,"text":123251},"Can str() convert numbers to text?",{"id":123142,"depth":108,"text":123253},"Why use str() before combining text and numbers?",{"id":123151,"depth":108,"text":123255},"Is str() the same as print()?",{"id":1974,"depth":86,"text":1975},"Master python str function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained",{"title":42246,"description":123257},"reference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained","xSgxPTbh2LeZ2szCzgugEbmUMc6VSvYIjm9yYt9CY3Y",{"id":123264,"title":123265,"body":123266,"description":124719,"extension":2064,"meta":124720,"navigation":111,"path":124721,"seo":124722,"stem":124723,"__hash__":124724},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method.md","Python String count() Method",{"type":7,"value":123267,"toc":124681},[123268,123274,123280,123283,123305,123307,123369,123371,123384,123390,123395,123400,123402,123415,123426,123428,123455,123457,123474,123481,123492,123494,123499,123501,123513,123521,123530,123532,123535,123588,123590,123598,123606,123610,123615,123655,123657,123665,123668,123670,123710,123712,123720,123730,123736,123739,123812,123814,123827,123831,123836,123864,123867,123902,123904,123912,123915,123919,123923,123925,123941,123943,123983,123985,123993,124002,124045,124047,124055,124057,124061,124067,124070,124110,124112,124120,124125,124128,124171,124175,124178,124213,124218,124220,124259,124269,124277,124287,124295,124299,124304,124306,124347,124349,124357,124362,124365,124368,124386,124392,124396,124401,124404,124444,124446,124451,124550,124553,124569,124571,124590,124592,124599,124602,124608,124611,124617,124621,124627,124630,124636,124639,124641,124678],[10,123269,123271,123272,11397],{"id":123270},"python-string-count-method","Python String ",[15,123273,57357],{},[20,123275,123276,123277,123279],{},"The Python string ",[15,123278,57357],{}," method returns how many times a substring appears in a string.",[20,123281,123282],{},"This reference page explains:",[158,123284,123285,123289,123292,123294,123302],{},[161,123286,26088,123287,156],{},[15,123288,57357],{},[161,123290,123291],{},"its syntax",[161,123293,35464],{},[161,123295,123296,123297,4472,123299,123301],{},"how ",[15,123298,36142],{},[15,123300,52730],{}," work",[161,123303,123304],{},"common beginner mistakes",[36,123306,2105],{"id":2104},[41,123308,123310],{"className":43,"code":123309,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,123311,123312,123324,123346],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,123313,123314,123316,123318,123320,123322],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,123315,695],{"class":56},[50,123317,61],{"class":60},[50,123319,700],{"class":604},[50,123321,1058],{"class":608},[50,123323,705],{"class":604},[50,123325,123326,123328,123330,123332,123334,123336,123338,123340,123342,123344],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,123327,118],{"class":94},[50,123329,98],{"class":64},[50,123331,718],{"class":101},[50,123333,425],{"class":64},[50,123335,41329],{"class":101},[50,123337,98],{"class":64},[50,123339,811],{"class":604},[50,123341,421],{"class":608},[50,123343,811],{"class":604},[50,123345,478],{"class":64},[50,123347,123348,123350,123352,123354,123356,123358,123360,123362,123365,123367],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,123349,118],{"class":94},[50,123351,98],{"class":64},[50,123353,718],{"class":101},[50,123355,425],{"class":64},[50,123357,41329],{"class":101},[50,123359,98],{"class":64},[50,123361,811],{"class":604},[50,123363,123364],{"class":608},"na",[50,123366,811],{"class":604},[50,123368,478],{"class":64},[20,123370,353],{},[41,123372,123374],{"className":43,"code":123373,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"3\n2\n",[15,123375,123376,123380],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,123377,123378],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,123379,46687],{"class":68},[50,123381,123382],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,123383,17128],{"class":68},[20,123385,920,123386,123389],{},[15,123387,123388],{},"string.count(value)"," to count how many times a substring appears in a string.",[36,123391,13069,123393,13072],{"id":123392},"what-the-count-method-does",[15,123394,57357],{},[20,123396,123397,123399],{},[15,123398,57357],{}," tells you how many times some text appears inside a string.",[20,123401,13125],{},[158,123403,123404,123407,123410,123412],{},[161,123405,123406],{},"It returns how many times a substring appears in a string",[161,123408,123409],{},"It works with single characters and longer strings",[161,123411,43727],{},[161,123413,123414],{},"It does not change the original string",[20,123416,123417,123418,123420,123421,31,123423,123425],{},"For example, if you want to know how many ",[15,123419,18165],{}," characters are in ",[15,123422,65335],{},[15,123424,57357],{}," is a simple choice.",[36,123427,181],{"id":180},[41,123429,123431],{"className":43,"code":123430,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"string.count(value, start, end)\n",[15,123432,123433],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,123434,123435,123437,123439,123441,123443,123445,123447,123449,123451,123453],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,123436,684],{"class":56},[50,123438,425],{"class":64},[50,123440,41329],{"class":101},[50,123442,98],{"class":64},[50,123444,2570],{"class":101},[50,123446,72],{"class":64},[50,123448,36121],{"class":101},[50,123450,72],{"class":64},[50,123452,65101],{"class":101},[50,123454,105],{"class":64},[222,123456,225],{"id":224},[158,123458,123459,123464,123469],{},[161,123460,123461,123463],{},[15,123462,2570],{},": the text to search for",[161,123465,123466,123468],{},[15,123467,36142],{},": optional; where counting begins",[161,123470,123471,123473],{},[15,123472,52730],{},": optional; where counting stops",[20,123475,123476,4472,123478,123480],{},[15,123477,36142],{},[15,123479,52730],{}," work like slice positions:",[158,123482,123483,123488],{},[161,123484,123485,123487],{},[15,123486,36142],{}," is included",[161,123489,123490,75796],{},[15,123491,52730],{},[36,123493,17488],{"id":17487},[20,123495,123496,123498],{},[15,123497,57357],{}," returns a whole number.",[20,123500,2226],{},[158,123502,123503,123508],{},[161,123504,123505,123506],{},"If the substring is found 3 times, it returns ",[15,123507,69],{},[161,123509,123510,123511],{},"If the substring is not found, it returns ",[15,123512,2220],{},[20,123514,40975,123515,5239,123517,2976,123519,425],{},[3824,123516,4709],{},[15,123518,247],{},[15,123520,218],{},[20,123522,123523,123524,123529],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, using the ",[421,123525,123527,101641],{"href":123526},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python\u002F",[15,123528,3964],{}," is often a better fit.",[36,123531,271],{"id":270},[20,123533,123534],{},"Here is a short example that counts one character:",[41,123536,123538],{"className":43,"code":123537,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"apple\"\nresult = text.count(\"p\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,123539,123540,123552,123574,123578],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,123541,123542,123544,123546,123548,123550],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,123543,695],{"class":56},[50,123545,61],{"class":60},[50,123547,700],{"class":604},[50,123549,1049],{"class":608},[50,123551,705],{"class":604},[50,123553,123554,123556,123558,123560,123562,123564,123566,123568,123570,123572],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,123555,89],{"class":56},[50,123557,61],{"class":60},[50,123559,42910],{"class":56},[50,123561,425],{"class":64},[50,123563,41329],{"class":101},[50,123565,98],{"class":64},[50,123567,811],{"class":604},[50,123569,20],{"class":608},[50,123571,811],{"class":604},[50,123573,105],{"class":64},[50,123575,123576],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,123577,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,123579,123580,123582,123584,123586],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,123581,118],{"class":94},[50,123583,98],{"class":64},[50,123585,123],{"class":101},[50,123587,105],{"class":64},[20,123589,353],{},[41,123591,123592],{"className":43,"code":17128,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,123593,123594],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,123595,123596],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,123597,17128],{"class":68},[20,123599,63881,123600,123603,123604,425],{},[15,123601,123602],{},"\"p\""," appears 2 times in ",[15,123605,57900],{},[36,123607,123609],{"id":123608},"counting-a-word-or-substring","Counting a word or substring",[20,123611,123612,123614],{},[15,123613,57357],{}," can search for more than one character. It can count full words or repeated patterns.",[41,123616,123618],{"className":43,"code":123617,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"cat dog cat bird cat\"\nprint(text.count(\"cat\"))\n",[15,123619,123620,123633],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,123621,123622,123624,123626,123628,123631],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,123623,695],{"class":56},[50,123625,61],{"class":60},[50,123627,700],{"class":604},[50,123629,123630],{"class":608},"cat dog cat bird cat",[50,123632,705],{"class":604},[50,123634,123635,123637,123639,123641,123643,123645,123647,123649,123651,123653],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,123636,118],{"class":94},[50,123638,98],{"class":64},[50,123640,718],{"class":101},[50,123642,425],{"class":64},[50,123644,41329],{"class":101},[50,123646,98],{"class":64},[50,123648,811],{"class":604},[50,123650,37116],{"class":608},[50,123652,811],{"class":604},[50,123654,478],{"class":64},[20,123656,353],{},[41,123658,123659],{"className":43,"code":46687,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,123660,123661],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,123662,123663],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,123664,46687],{"class":68},[20,123666,123667],{},"It matches exact text only. That means spacing, punctuation, and letter case matter.",[20,123669,1602],{},[41,123671,123673],{"className":43,"code":123672,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"one One one\"\nprint(text.count(\"one\"))\n",[15,123674,123675,123688],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,123676,123677,123679,123681,123683,123686],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,123678,695],{"class":56},[50,123680,61],{"class":60},[50,123682,700],{"class":604},[50,123684,123685],{"class":608},"one One one",[50,123687,705],{"class":604},[50,123689,123690,123692,123694,123696,123698,123700,123702,123704,123706,123708],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,123691,118],{"class":94},[50,123693,98],{"class":64},[50,123695,718],{"class":101},[50,123697,425],{"class":64},[50,123699,41329],{"class":101},[50,123701,98],{"class":64},[50,123703,811],{"class":604},[50,123705,6663],{"class":608},[50,123707,811],{"class":604},[50,123709,478],{"class":64},[20,123711,353],{},[41,123713,123714],{"className":43,"code":17128,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,123715,123716],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,123717,123718],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,123719,17128],{"class":68},[20,123721,123722,123723,123726,123727,123729],{},"The uppercase ",[15,123724,123725],{},"\"One\""," is not counted because ",[15,123728,57357],{}," is case-sensitive.",[36,123731,914,123732,4472,123734],{"id":65467},[15,123733,36142],{},[15,123735,52730],{},[20,123737,123738],{},"You can limit the search to only part of the string.",[41,123740,123742],{"className":43,"code":123741,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2))\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2, 5))\n",[15,123743,123744,123756,123782],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,123745,123746,123748,123750,123752,123754],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,123747,695],{"class":56},[50,123749,61],{"class":60},[50,123751,700],{"class":604},[50,123753,1058],{"class":608},[50,123755,705],{"class":604},[50,123757,123758,123760,123762,123764,123766,123768,123770,123772,123774,123776,123778,123780],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,123759,118],{"class":94},[50,123761,98],{"class":64},[50,123763,718],{"class":101},[50,123765,425],{"class":64},[50,123767,41329],{"class":101},[50,123769,98],{"class":64},[50,123771,811],{"class":604},[50,123773,421],{"class":608},[50,123775,811],{"class":604},[50,123777,72],{"class":64},[50,123779,80],{"class":68},[50,123781,478],{"class":64},[50,123783,123784,123786,123788,123790,123792,123794,123796,123798,123800,123802,123804,123806,123808,123810],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,123785,118],{"class":94},[50,123787,98],{"class":64},[50,123789,718],{"class":101},[50,123791,425],{"class":64},[50,123793,41329],{"class":101},[50,123795,98],{"class":64},[50,123797,811],{"class":604},[50,123799,421],{"class":608},[50,123801,811],{"class":604},[50,123803,72],{"class":64},[50,123805,80],{"class":68},[50,123807,72],{"class":64},[50,123809,375],{"class":68},[50,123811,478],{"class":64},[20,123813,353],{},[41,123815,123817],{"className":43,"code":123816,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"2\n1\n",[15,123818,123819,123823],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,123820,123821],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,123822,17128],{"class":68},[50,123824,123825],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,123826,46987],{"class":68},[222,123828,123830],{"id":123829},"how-this-works","How this works",[20,123832,123833,123834,819],{},"In ",[15,123835,65335],{},[158,123837,123838,123846,123854],{},[161,123839,71026,123840,123842,123843],{},[15,123841,1564],{}," starts at the first ",[15,123844,123845],{},"\"n\"",[161,123847,123848,123851,123852,76093],{},[15,123849,123850],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2)"," counts from index ",[15,123853,1564],{},[161,123855,123856,123851,123859,123861,123862],{},[15,123857,123858],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2, 5)",[15,123860,1564],{}," up to, but not including, index ",[15,123863,290],{},[20,123865,123866],{},"This is similar to slicing:",[41,123868,123870],{"className":43,"code":123869,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text[2:5])\n",[15,123871,123872,123884],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,123873,123874,123876,123878,123880,123882],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,123875,695],{"class":56},[50,123877,61],{"class":60},[50,123879,700],{"class":604},[50,123881,1058],{"class":608},[50,123883,705],{"class":604},[50,123885,123886,123888,123890,123892,123894,123896,123898,123900],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,123887,118],{"class":94},[50,123889,98],{"class":64},[50,123891,718],{"class":101},[50,123893,363],{"class":64},[50,123895,1564],{"class":68},[50,123897,819],{"class":64},[50,123899,290],{"class":68},[50,123901,3970],{"class":64},[20,123903,353],{},[41,123905,123906],{"className":43,"code":41538,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,123907,123908],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,123909,123910],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,123911,41538],{"class":56},[20,123913,123914],{},"Only that section is searched.",[36,123916,123918],{"id":123917},"case-sensitivity","Case sensitivity",[20,123920,123921,123729],{},[15,123922,57357],{},[20,123924,2207],{},[158,123926,123927,123935],{},[161,123928,123929,4472,123931,123934],{},[15,123930,18165],{},[15,123932,123933],{},"\"A\""," are different",[161,123936,123937,4472,123939,123934],{},[15,123938,64595],{},[15,123940,90460],{},[20,123942,1602],{},[41,123944,123946],{"className":43,"code":123945,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,123947,123948,123961],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,123949,123950,123952,123954,123956,123959],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,123951,695],{"class":56},[50,123953,61],{"class":60},[50,123955,700],{"class":604},[50,123957,123958],{"class":608},"Apple apple APPLE",[50,123960,705],{"class":604},[50,123962,123963,123965,123967,123969,123971,123973,123975,123977,123979,123981],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,123964,118],{"class":94},[50,123966,98],{"class":64},[50,123968,718],{"class":101},[50,123970,425],{"class":64},[50,123972,41329],{"class":101},[50,123974,98],{"class":64},[50,123976,811],{"class":604},[50,123978,1049],{"class":608},[50,123980,811],{"class":604},[50,123982,478],{"class":64},[20,123984,353],{},[41,123986,123987],{"className":43,"code":46987,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,123988,123989],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,123990,123991],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,123992,46987],{"class":68},[20,123994,123995,123996,819],{},"If you want case-insensitive counting, convert the string first with ",[421,123997,123999],{"href":123998},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method\u002F",[15,124000,124001],{},"lower()",[41,124003,124005],{"className":43,"code":124004,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,124006,124007,124019],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,124008,124009,124011,124013,124015,124017],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,124010,695],{"class":56},[50,124012,61],{"class":60},[50,124014,700],{"class":604},[50,124016,123958],{"class":608},[50,124018,705],{"class":604},[50,124020,124021,124023,124025,124027,124029,124031,124033,124035,124037,124039,124041,124043],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,124022,118],{"class":94},[50,124024,98],{"class":64},[50,124026,718],{"class":101},[50,124028,425],{"class":64},[50,124030,1401],{"class":101},[50,124032,8717],{"class":64},[50,124034,41329],{"class":101},[50,124036,98],{"class":64},[50,124038,811],{"class":604},[50,124040,1049],{"class":608},[50,124042,811],{"class":604},[50,124044,478],{"class":64},[20,124046,353],{},[41,124048,124049],{"className":43,"code":46687,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,124050,124051],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,124052,124053],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,124054,46687],{"class":68},[36,124056,1743],{"id":1742},[20,124058,23164,124059,425],{},[15,124060,57357],{},[222,124062,8532,124064,124066],{"id":124063},"expecting-count-to-ignore-case-automatically",[15,124065,57357],{}," to ignore case automatically",[20,124068,124069],{},"This will not count uppercase and lowercase as the same:",[41,124071,124073],{"className":43,"code":124072,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124074,124075,124088],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,124076,124077,124079,124081,124083,124086],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,124078,695],{"class":56},[50,124080,61],{"class":60},[50,124082,700],{"class":604},[50,124084,124085],{"class":608},"Aardvark",[50,124087,705],{"class":604},[50,124089,124090,124092,124094,124096,124098,124100,124102,124104,124106,124108],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,124091,118],{"class":94},[50,124093,98],{"class":64},[50,124095,718],{"class":101},[50,124097,425],{"class":64},[50,124099,41329],{"class":101},[50,124101,98],{"class":64},[50,124103,811],{"class":604},[50,124105,421],{"class":608},[50,124107,811],{"class":604},[50,124109,478],{"class":64},[20,124111,353],{},[41,124113,124114],{"className":43,"code":17128,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,124115,124116],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,124117,124118],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,124119,17128],{"class":68},[20,124121,123722,124122,124124],{},[15,124123,123933],{}," at the start is not counted.",[20,124126,124127],{},"If needed, convert first:",[41,124129,124131],{"className":43,"code":124130,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124132,124133,124145],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,124134,124135,124137,124139,124141,124143],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,124136,695],{"class":56},[50,124138,61],{"class":60},[50,124140,700],{"class":604},[50,124142,124085],{"class":608},[50,124144,705],{"class":604},[50,124146,124147,124149,124151,124153,124155,124157,124159,124161,124163,124165,124167,124169],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,124148,118],{"class":94},[50,124150,98],{"class":64},[50,124152,718],{"class":101},[50,124154,425],{"class":64},[50,124156,1401],{"class":101},[50,124158,8717],{"class":64},[50,124160,41329],{"class":101},[50,124162,98],{"class":64},[50,124164,811],{"class":604},[50,124166,421],{"class":608},[50,124168,811],{"class":604},[50,124170,478],{"class":64},[222,124172,124174],{"id":124173},"forgetting-quotes-around-the-substring","Forgetting quotes around the substring",[20,124176,124177],{},"This causes an error if the variable does not exist:",[41,124179,124181],{"className":43,"code":124180,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(a))\n",[15,124182,124183,124195],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,124184,124185,124187,124189,124191,124193],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,124186,695],{"class":56},[50,124188,61],{"class":60},[50,124190,700],{"class":604},[50,124192,1058],{"class":608},[50,124194,705],{"class":604},[50,124196,124197,124199,124201,124203,124205,124207,124209,124211],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,124198,118],{"class":94},[50,124200,98],{"class":64},[50,124202,718],{"class":101},[50,124204,425],{"class":64},[50,124206,41329],{"class":101},[50,124208,98],{"class":64},[50,124210,421],{"class":101},[50,124212,478],{"class":64},[20,124214,124215,124216,425],{},"Python tries to find a variable named ",[15,124217,421],{},[20,124219,10883],{},[41,124221,124223],{"className":43,"code":124222,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124224,124225,124237],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,124226,124227,124229,124231,124233,124235],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,124228,695],{"class":56},[50,124230,61],{"class":60},[50,124232,700],{"class":604},[50,124234,1058],{"class":608},[50,124236,705],{"class":604},[50,124238,124239,124241,124243,124245,124247,124249,124251,124253,124255,124257],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,124240,118],{"class":94},[50,124242,98],{"class":64},[50,124244,718],{"class":101},[50,124246,425],{"class":64},[50,124248,41329],{"class":101},[50,124250,98],{"class":64},[50,124252,811],{"class":604},[50,124254,421],{"class":608},[50,124256,811],{"class":604},[50,124258,478],{"class":64},[222,124260,37273,124262,8784,124264,2976,124267],{"id":124261},"confusing-count-with-find-or-index",[15,124263,57357],{},[15,124265,124266],{},"find()",[15,124268,59035],{},[20,124270,920,124271,124273,124274,425],{},[15,124272,57357],{}," when you need the ",[3824,124275,124276],{},"number of matches",[20,124278,920,124279,124273,124284,124286],{},[421,124280,124282],{"href":124281},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method\u002F",[15,124283,124266],{},[3824,124285,65007],{}," of the first match.",[20,124288,920,124289,124294],{},[421,124290,124292],{"href":124291},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method\u002F",[15,124293,59035],{}," when you also need the position, but want an error if the text is not found.",[222,124296,124298],{"id":124297},"assuming-it-counts-overlapping-matches","Assuming it counts overlapping matches",[20,124300,124301,124303],{},[15,124302,57357],{}," counts non-overlapping matches only.",[20,124305,1602],{},[41,124307,124309],{"className":43,"code":124308,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"aaaa\"\nprint(text.count(\"aa\"))\n",[15,124310,124311,124324],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,124312,124313,124315,124317,124319,124322],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,124314,695],{"class":56},[50,124316,61],{"class":60},[50,124318,700],{"class":604},[50,124320,124321],{"class":608},"aaaa",[50,124323,705],{"class":604},[50,124325,124326,124328,124330,124332,124334,124336,124338,124340,124343,124345],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,124327,118],{"class":94},[50,124329,98],{"class":64},[50,124331,718],{"class":101},[50,124333,425],{"class":64},[50,124335,41329],{"class":101},[50,124337,98],{"class":64},[50,124339,811],{"class":604},[50,124341,124342],{"class":608},"aa",[50,124344,811],{"class":604},[50,124346,478],{"class":64},[20,124348,353],{},[41,124350,124351],{"className":43,"code":17128,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,124352,124353],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,124354,124355],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,124356,17128],{"class":68},[20,124358,124359,124360,425],{},"It does not return ",[15,124361,69],{},[20,124363,124364],{},"Why not?",[20,124366,124367],{},"Because Python counts these matches:",[158,124369,124370,124379],{},[161,124371,124372,124375,124376],{},[15,124373,124374],{},"\"aa\""," at positions ",[15,124377,124378],{},"0-1",[161,124380,124381,124375,124383],{},[15,124382,124374],{},[15,124384,124385],{},"2-3",[20,124387,124388,124389,425],{},"It does not count overlapping matches like positions ",[15,124390,124391],{},"1-2",[36,124393,5040,124394],{"id":58440},[15,124395,57357],{},[20,124397,920,124398,124400],{},[15,124399,57357],{}," when you need the number of matches in a string.",[20,124402,124403],{},"Choose the right tool for the job:",[158,124405,124406,124415,124425,124435],{},[161,124407,920,124408,124410,124411,124414],{},[15,124409,57357],{}," when you need ",[3824,124412,124413],{},"how many times"," something appears",[161,124416,920,124417,124410,124421,124424],{},[421,124418,124419],{"href":124281},[15,124420,124266],{},[3824,124422,124423],{},"where"," it appears",[161,124426,47881,124427,124431,124432],{},[421,124428,124429,101641],{"href":123526},[15,124430,3964],{}," when you only need to know ",[3824,124433,124434],{},"if it exists",[161,124436,920,124437,124443],{},[421,124438,124440],{"href":124439},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-replace-text-in-a-string-in-python\u002F",[15,124441,124442],{},"replace()"," when you want to change matching text",[36,124445,26011],{"id":26010},[20,124447,8955,124448,124450],{},[15,124449,57357],{}," is not giving the result you expect, check these things:",[41,124452,124454],{"className":43,"code":124453,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,124455,124456,124466,124480,124502,124528],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,124457,124458,124460,124462,124464],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,124459,118],{"class":94},[50,124461,98],{"class":64},[50,124463,718],{"class":101},[50,124465,105],{"class":64},[50,124467,124468,124470,124472,124474,124476,124478],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,124469,118],{"class":94},[50,124471,98],{"class":64},[50,124473,558],{"class":557},[50,124475,98],{"class":64},[50,124477,718],{"class":101},[50,124479,478],{"class":64},[50,124481,124482,124484,124486,124488,124490,124492,124494,124496,124498,124500],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,124483,118],{"class":94},[50,124485,98],{"class":64},[50,124487,718],{"class":101},[50,124489,425],{"class":64},[50,124491,41329],{"class":101},[50,124493,98],{"class":64},[50,124495,811],{"class":604},[50,124497,421],{"class":608},[50,124499,811],{"class":604},[50,124501,478],{"class":64},[50,124503,124504,124506,124508,124510,124512,124514,124516,124518,124520,124522,124524,124526],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,124505,118],{"class":94},[50,124507,98],{"class":64},[50,124509,718],{"class":101},[50,124511,425],{"class":64},[50,124513,1401],{"class":101},[50,124515,8717],{"class":64},[50,124517,41329],{"class":101},[50,124519,98],{"class":64},[50,124521,811],{"class":604},[50,124523,421],{"class":608},[50,124525,811],{"class":604},[50,124527,478],{"class":64},[50,124529,124530,124532,124534,124536,124538,124540,124542,124544,124546,124548],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,124531,118],{"class":94},[50,124533,98],{"class":64},[50,124535,718],{"class":101},[50,124537,425],{"class":64},[50,124539,41329],{"class":101},[50,124541,98],{"class":64},[50,124543,811],{"class":604},[50,124545,123364],{"class":608},[50,124547,811],{"class":604},[50,124549,478],{"class":64},[20,124551,124552],{},"These checks can help you find problems such as:",[158,124554,124555,124558,124563,124566],{},[161,124556,124557],{},"the string using different uppercase and lowercase letters",[161,124559,124560,124562],{},[15,124561,718],{}," not being a string",[161,124564,124565],{},"counting the wrong substring",[161,124567,124568],{},"expecting overlapping matches",[20,124570,58929],{},[158,124572,124573,124576,124579,124582],{},[161,124574,124575],{},"trying to count text with different letter case",[161,124577,124578],{},"passing a variable name that was not defined",[161,124580,124581],{},"expecting overlapping matches to be counted",[161,124583,50561,124584,44699,124586,2976,124588,73372],{},[15,124585,57357],{},[15,124587,124266],{},[15,124589,3964],{},[36,124591,1913],{"id":1912},[222,124593,124595,124596,124598],{"id":124594},"does-string-count-change-the-original-string","Does string ",[15,124597,57357],{}," change the original string?",[20,124600,124601],{},"No. It only returns a number. The original string stays the same.",[222,124603,14975,124605,124607],{"id":124604},"is-count-case-sensitive",[15,124606,57357],{}," case-sensitive?",[20,124609,124610],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are counted separately.",[222,124612,1927,124614,124616],{"id":124613},"what-does-count-return-if-nothing-is-found",[15,124615,57357],{}," return if nothing is found?",[20,124618,5227,124619,425],{},[15,124620,2220],{},[222,124622,5248,124624,124626],{"id":124623},"can-count-count-words-instead-of-letters",[15,124625,57357],{}," count words instead of letters?",[20,124628,124629],{},"Yes. It can count any substring, including full words.",[222,124631,1917,124633,124635],{"id":124632},"does-count-count-overlapping-matches",[15,124634,57357],{}," count overlapping matches?",[20,124637,124638],{},"No. It counts non-overlapping matches only.",[36,124640,1975],{"id":1974},[158,124642,124643,124650,124657,124664,124671],{},[161,124644,124645],{},[421,124646,124647],{"href":124281},[15,124648,124649],{},"Python string find() method",[161,124651,124652],{},[421,124653,124654],{"href":124291},[15,124655,124656],{},"Python string index() method",[161,124658,124659],{},[421,124660,124661],{"href":123998},[15,124662,124663],{},"Python string lower() method",[161,124665,124666],{},[421,124667,124668],{"href":123526},[15,124669,124670],{},"How to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[161,124672,124673],{},[421,124674,124675],{"href":124439},[15,124676,124677],{},"How to replace text in a string in Python",[2018,124679,124680],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":124682},[124683,124684,124686,124689,124690,124691,124692,124695,124696,124704,124705,124706,124718],{"id":2104,"depth":86,"text":2105},{"id":123392,"depth":86,"text":124685},"What the count() method does",{"id":180,"depth":86,"text":181,"children":124687},[124688],{"id":224,"depth":108,"text":225},{"id":17487,"depth":86,"text":17488},{"id":270,"depth":86,"text":271},{"id":123608,"depth":86,"text":123609},{"id":65467,"depth":86,"text":66250,"children":124693},[124694],{"id":123829,"depth":108,"text":123830},{"id":123917,"depth":86,"text":123918},{"id":1742,"depth":86,"text":1743,"children":124697},[124698,124700,124701,124703],{"id":124063,"depth":108,"text":124699},"Expecting count() to ignore case automatically",{"id":124173,"depth":108,"text":124174},{"id":124261,"depth":108,"text":124702},"Confusing count() with find() or index()",{"id":124297,"depth":108,"text":124298},{"id":58440,"depth":86,"text":59071},{"id":26010,"depth":86,"text":26011},{"id":1912,"depth":86,"text":1913,"children":124707},[124708,124710,124712,124714,124716],{"id":124594,"depth":108,"text":124709},"Does string count() change the original string?",{"id":124604,"depth":108,"text":124711},"Is count() case-sensitive?",{"id":124613,"depth":108,"text":124713},"What does count() return if nothing is found?",{"id":124623,"depth":108,"text":124715},"Can count() count words instead of letters?",{"id":124632,"depth":108,"text":124717},"Does count() count overlapping matches?",{"id":1974,"depth":86,"text":1975},"Master python string count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method",{"title":123265,"description":124719},"reference\u002Fpython-string-count-method","xCR9DWe-YanJ6UFYPr-2k6HicXjYCslaXeN-KYxccGE",{"id":124726,"title":124727,"body":124728,"description":126313,"extension":2064,"meta":126314,"navigation":111,"path":126315,"seo":126316,"stem":126317,"__hash__":126318},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string.md","Python String: Creating a String",{"type":7,"value":124729,"toc":126286},[124730,124733,124736,124833,124842,124844,124863,124867,124870,124873,124886,124889,124918,124923,124928,124986,124988,125021,125027,125031,125034,125037,125066,125069,125096,125099,125102,125106,125109,125116,125179,125181,125199,125202,125206,125209,125212,125254,125257,125301,125304,125307,125311,125316,125319,125362,125364,125387,125390,125423,125426,125475,125485,125489,125492,125495,125524,125527,125538,125540,125599,125602,125606,125609,125612,125627,125636,125639,125673,125676,125703,125706,125713,125715,125718,125720,125723,125737,125746,125748,125775,125779,125782,125796,125799,125858,125862,125865,125892,125895,125922,125930,125933,125993,125995,126028,126032,126035,126054,126059,126108,126113,126115,126118,126177,126195,126197,126201,126209,126213,126216,126220,126226,126230,126240,126244,126247,126249,126283],[10,124731,124727],{"id":124732},"python-string-creating-a-string",[20,124734,124735],{},"Learn the basic ways to create strings in Python. This page focuses only on making string values, not changing or processing them.",[41,124737,124739],{"className":43,"code":124738,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"name = \"Alice\"\nmessage = 'Hello'\nempty = \"\"\ntext = str(123)\n\nprint(name)\nprint(message)\nprint(empty)\nprint(text)\n",[15,124740,124741,124753,124765,124774,124788,124792,124802,124812,124823],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,124742,124743,124745,124747,124749,124751],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,124744,7955],{"class":56},[50,124746,61],{"class":60},[50,124748,700],{"class":604},[50,124750,5083],{"class":608},[50,124752,705],{"class":604},[50,124754,124755,124757,124759,124761,124763],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,124756,90049],{"class":56},[50,124758,61],{"class":60},[50,124760,605],{"class":604},[50,124762,34937],{"class":608},[50,124764,29768],{"class":604},[50,124766,124767,124770,124772],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,124768,124769],{"class":56},"empty ",[50,124771,61],{"class":60},[50,124773,7960],{"class":604},[50,124775,124776,124778,124780,124782,124784,124786],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,124777,695],{"class":56},[50,124779,61],{"class":60},[50,124781,48974],{"class":557},[50,124783,98],{"class":64},[50,124785,50315],{"class":68},[50,124787,105],{"class":64},[50,124789,124790],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,124791,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,124793,124794,124796,124798,124800],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,124795,118],{"class":94},[50,124797,98],{"class":64},[50,124799,814],{"class":101},[50,124801,105],{"class":64},[50,124803,124804,124806,124808,124810],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,124805,118],{"class":94},[50,124807,98],{"class":64},[50,124809,90066],{"class":101},[50,124811,105],{"class":64},[50,124813,124814,124816,124818,124821],{"class":52,"line":6503},[50,124815,118],{"class":94},[50,124817,98],{"class":64},[50,124819,124820],{"class":101},"empty",[50,124822,105],{"class":64},[50,124824,124825,124827,124829,124831],{"class":52,"line":6509},[50,124826,118],{"class":94},[50,124828,98],{"class":64},[50,124830,718],{"class":101},[50,124832,105],{"class":64},[20,124834,124835,124838,124839,124841],{},[3824,124836,124837],{},"Note:"," Use single quotes, double quotes, or ",[15,124840,47754],{}," to create a string. Triple quotes are useful for multi-line text.",[36,124843,15235],{"id":15234},[158,124845,124846,124849,124852,124855,124860],{},[161,124847,124848],{},"What a string is in Python",[161,124850,124851],{},"How to create a string with quotes",[161,124853,124854],{},"How to create an empty string",[161,124856,124857,124858],{},"How to convert other values to strings with ",[15,124859,47754],{},[161,124861,124862],{},"When to use single, double, or triple quotes",[36,124864,124866],{"id":124865},"what-a-string-is","What a string is",[20,124868,124869],{},"A string is text data in Python.",[20,124871,124872],{},"Strings can contain:",[158,124874,124875,124878,124880,124883],{},[161,124876,124877],{},"Letters",[161,124879,56529],{},[161,124881,124882],{},"Spaces",[161,124884,124885],{},"Symbols",[20,124887,124888],{},"Examples of strings:",[41,124890,124892],{"className":43,"code":124891,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"\"hello\"\n\"123\"\n\"Python is fun\"\n",[15,124893,124894,124902,124910],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,124895,124896,124898,124900],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,124897,811],{"class":43397},[50,124899,3926],{"class":43401},[50,124901,705],{"class":43397},[50,124903,124904,124906,124908],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,124905,811],{"class":43397},[50,124907,50315],{"class":43401},[50,124909,705],{"class":43397},[50,124911,124912,124914,124916],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,124913,811],{"class":43397},[50,124915,89191],{"class":43401},[50,124917,705],{"class":43397},[20,124919,21047,124920,124922],{},[15,124921,50365],{}," looks like a number, it is a string because it is inside quotes.",[20,124924,124925,124926,819],{},"You can check the type with ",[15,124927,2400],{},[41,124929,124931],{"className":43,"code":124930,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = 123\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,124932,124933,124945,124954,124958,124972],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,124934,124935,124937,124939,124941,124943],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,124936,695],{"class":56},[50,124938,61],{"class":60},[50,124940,700],{"class":604},[50,124942,50315],{"class":608},[50,124944,705],{"class":604},[50,124946,124947,124949,124951],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,124948,2316],{"class":56},[50,124950,61],{"class":60},[50,124952,124953],{"class":68}," 123\n",[50,124955,124956],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,124957,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,124959,124960,124962,124964,124966,124968,124970],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,124961,118],{"class":94},[50,124963,98],{"class":64},[50,124965,558],{"class":557},[50,124967,98],{"class":64},[50,124969,718],{"class":101},[50,124971,478],{"class":64},[50,124973,124974,124976,124978,124980,124982,124984],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,124975,118],{"class":94},[50,124977,98],{"class":64},[50,124979,558],{"class":557},[50,124981,98],{"class":64},[50,124983,2338],{"class":101},[50,124985,478],{"class":64},[20,124987,353],{},[41,124989,124991],{"className":43,"code":124990,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,124992,124993,125007],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,124994,124995,124997,124999,125001,125003,125005],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,124996,597],{"class":60},[50,124998,601],{"class":600},[50,125000,605],{"class":604},[50,125002,1395],{"class":608},[50,125004,611],{"class":604},[50,125006,614],{"class":60},[50,125008,125009,125011,125013,125015,125017,125019],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,125010,597],{"class":60},[50,125012,601],{"class":600},[50,125014,605],{"class":604},[50,125016,2288],{"class":608},[50,125018,611],{"class":604},[50,125020,614],{"class":60},[20,125022,125023,125024,425],{},"If you are new to strings, see ",[421,125025,125026],{"href":51045},"Python strings explained: basics and examples",[36,125028,125030],{"id":125029},"create-a-string-with-quotes","Create a string with quotes",[20,125032,125033],{},"The most common way to create a string is to put text inside quotes.",[20,125035,125036],{},"You can use single quotes:",[41,125038,125040],{"className":43,"code":125039,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"greeting = 'hello'\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,125041,125042,125055],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,125043,125044,125047,125049,125051,125053],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,125045,125046],{"class":56},"greeting ",[50,125048,61],{"class":60},[50,125050,605],{"class":604},[50,125052,3926],{"class":608},[50,125054,29768],{"class":604},[50,125056,125057,125059,125061,125064],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,125058,118],{"class":94},[50,125060,98],{"class":64},[50,125062,125063],{"class":101},"greeting",[50,125065,105],{"class":64},[20,125067,125068],{},"Or double quotes:",[41,125070,125072],{"className":43,"code":125071,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"greeting = \"hello\"\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,125073,125074,125086],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,125075,125076,125078,125080,125082,125084],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,125077,125046],{"class":56},[50,125079,61],{"class":60},[50,125081,700],{"class":604},[50,125083,3926],{"class":608},[50,125085,705],{"class":604},[50,125087,125088,125090,125092,125094],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,125089,118],{"class":94},[50,125091,98],{"class":64},[50,125093,125063],{"class":101},[50,125095,105],{"class":64},[20,125097,125098],{},"Both create a string. In most cases, there is no difference.",[20,125100,125101],{},"Choose the style that makes your text easier to write.",[36,125103,125105],{"id":125104},"create-an-empty-string","Create an empty string",[20,125107,125108],{},"An empty string is a string with no characters in it.",[20,125110,125111,125112,2976,125114,819],{},"Use either ",[15,125113,6350],{},[15,125115,3855],{},[41,125117,125119],{"className":43,"code":125118,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"empty1 = \"\"\nempty2 = ''\n\nprint(empty1)\nprint(empty2)\nprint(type(empty1))\n",[15,125120,125121,125130,125139,125143,125154,125165],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,125122,125123,125126,125128],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,125124,125125],{"class":56},"empty1 ",[50,125127,61],{"class":60},[50,125129,7960],{"class":604},[50,125131,125132,125135,125137],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,125133,125134],{"class":56},"empty2 ",[50,125136,61],{"class":60},[50,125138,47566],{"class":604},[50,125140,125141],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,125142,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,125144,125145,125147,125149,125152],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,125146,118],{"class":94},[50,125148,98],{"class":64},[50,125150,125151],{"class":101},"empty1",[50,125153,105],{"class":64},[50,125155,125156,125158,125160,125163],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,125157,118],{"class":94},[50,125159,98],{"class":64},[50,125161,125162],{"class":101},"empty2",[50,125164,105],{"class":64},[50,125166,125167,125169,125171,125173,125175,125177],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,125168,118],{"class":94},[50,125170,98],{"class":64},[50,125172,558],{"class":557},[50,125174,98],{"class":64},[50,125176,125151],{"class":101},[50,125178,478],{"class":64},[20,125180,353],{},[41,125182,125183],{"className":43,"code":45840,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,125184,125185],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,125186,125187,125189,125191,125193,125195,125197],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,125188,597],{"class":60},[50,125190,601],{"class":600},[50,125192,605],{"class":604},[50,125194,1395],{"class":608},[50,125196,611],{"class":604},[50,125198,614],{"class":60},[20,125200,125201],{},"An empty string is often used as a starting value before adding text later.",[36,125203,125205],{"id":125204},"create-a-multi-line-string","Create a multi-line string",[20,125207,125208],{},"Use triple quotes when you want text to span more than one line.",[20,125210,125211],{},"You can use triple double quotes:",[41,125213,125215],{"className":43,"code":125214,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"message = \"\"\"Hello\nWelcome to Python\nHave a nice day\"\"\"\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125216,125217,125228,125233,125240,125244],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,125218,125219,125221,125223,125226],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,125220,90049],{"class":56},[50,125222,61],{"class":60},[50,125224,125225],{"class":604}," \"\"\"",[50,125227,88991],{"class":608},[50,125229,125230],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,125231,125232],{"class":608},"Welcome to Python\n",[50,125234,125235,125238],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,125236,125237],{"class":608},"Have a nice day",[50,125239,43405],{"class":604},[50,125241,125242],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,125243,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,125245,125246,125248,125250,125252],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,125247,118],{"class":94},[50,125249,98],{"class":64},[50,125251,90066],{"class":101},[50,125253,105],{"class":64},[20,125255,125256],{},"Or triple single quotes:",[41,125258,125260],{"className":43,"code":125259,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"message = '''Line 1\nLine 2\nLine 3'''\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125261,125262,125274,125279,125287,125291],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,125263,125264,125266,125268,125271],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,125265,90049],{"class":56},[50,125267,61],{"class":60},[50,125269,125270],{"class":604}," '''",[50,125272,125273],{"class":608},"Line 1\n",[50,125275,125276],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,125277,125278],{"class":608},"Line 2\n",[50,125280,125281,125284],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,125282,125283],{"class":608},"Line 3",[50,125285,125286],{"class":604},"'''\n",[50,125288,125289],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,125290,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,125292,125293,125295,125297,125299],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,125294,118],{"class":94},[50,125296,98],{"class":64},[50,125298,90066],{"class":101},[50,125300,105],{"class":64},[20,125302,125303],{},"Python keeps the line breaks inside the string.",[20,125305,125306],{},"Use triple quotes when you really need multiple lines. For normal one-line text, single or double quotes are usually clearer.",[36,125308,125310],{"id":125309},"convert-values-to-strings-with-str","Convert values to strings with str()",[20,125312,1185,125313,125315],{},[15,125314,47754],{}," function converts other values into strings.",[20,125317,125318],{},"Example with a number:",[41,125320,125322],{"className":43,"code":125321,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = str(42)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,125323,125324,125338,125348],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,125325,125326,125328,125330,125332,125334,125336],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,125327,695],{"class":56},[50,125329,61],{"class":60},[50,125331,48974],{"class":557},[50,125333,98],{"class":64},[50,125335,46596],{"class":68},[50,125337,105],{"class":64},[50,125339,125340,125342,125344,125346],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,125341,118],{"class":94},[50,125343,98],{"class":64},[50,125345,718],{"class":101},[50,125347,105],{"class":64},[50,125349,125350,125352,125354,125356,125358,125360],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,125351,118],{"class":94},[50,125353,98],{"class":64},[50,125355,558],{"class":557},[50,125357,98],{"class":64},[50,125359,718],{"class":101},[50,125361,478],{"class":64},[20,125363,353],{},[41,125365,125367],{"className":43,"code":125366,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,125368,125369,125373],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,125370,125371],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,125372,46682],{"class":68},[50,125374,125375,125377,125379,125381,125383,125385],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,125376,597],{"class":60},[50,125378,601],{"class":600},[50,125380,605],{"class":604},[50,125382,1395],{"class":608},[50,125384,611],{"class":604},[50,125386,614],{"class":60},[20,125388,125389],{},"You can also convert other values:",[41,125391,125393],{"className":43,"code":125392,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(str(True))\nprint(str(3.14))\n",[15,125394,125395,125409],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,125396,125397,125399,125401,125403,125405,125407],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,125398,118],{"class":94},[50,125400,98],{"class":64},[50,125402,1395],{"class":557},[50,125404,98],{"class":64},[50,125406,247],{"class":207},[50,125408,478],{"class":64},[50,125410,125411,125413,125415,125417,125419,125421],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,125412,118],{"class":94},[50,125414,98],{"class":64},[50,125416,1395],{"class":557},[50,125418,98],{"class":64},[50,125420,40212],{"class":68},[50,125422,478],{"class":64},[20,125424,125425],{},"This is useful when you need to combine text with other data.",[41,125427,125429],{"className":43,"code":125428,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"age = 25\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125430,125431,125439,125461,125465],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,125432,125433,125435,125437],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,125434,21697],{"class":56},[50,125436,61],{"class":60},[50,125438,45295],{"class":68},[50,125440,125441,125443,125445,125447,125449,125451,125453,125455,125457,125459],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,125442,90049],{"class":56},[50,125444,61],{"class":60},[50,125446,700],{"class":604},[50,125448,89467],{"class":608},[50,125450,811],{"class":604},[50,125452,2551],{"class":60},[50,125454,48974],{"class":557},[50,125456,98],{"class":64},[50,125458,833],{"class":101},[50,125460,105],{"class":64},[50,125462,125463],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,125464,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,125466,125467,125469,125471,125473],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,125468,118],{"class":94},[50,125470,98],{"class":64},[50,125472,90066],{"class":101},[50,125474,105],{"class":64},[20,125476,125477,125478,2976,125482,425],{},"If you want to learn this function in more detail, see ",[421,125479,13,125480,1461],{"href":42245},[15,125481,47754],{},[421,125483,125484],{"href":123196},"how to convert int to string in Python",[36,125486,125488],{"id":125487},"single-quotes-vs-double-quotes","Single quotes vs double quotes",[20,125490,125491],{},"There is no major difference between single quotes and double quotes for normal strings.",[20,125493,125494],{},"Both of these are valid:",[41,125496,125498],{"className":43,"code":125497,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = 'Python'\nb = \"Python\"\n",[15,125499,125500,125512],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,125501,125502,125504,125506,125508,125510],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,125503,2652],{"class":56},[50,125505,61],{"class":60},[50,125507,605],{"class":604},[50,125509,7376],{"class":608},[50,125511,29768],{"class":604},[50,125513,125514,125516,125518,125520,125522],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,125515,2680],{"class":56},[50,125517,61],{"class":60},[50,125519,700],{"class":604},[50,125521,7376],{"class":608},[50,125523,705],{"class":604},[20,125525,125526],{},"A common rule is:",[158,125528,125529,125532,125535],{},[161,125530,125531],{},"Use double quotes if the text contains a single quote",[161,125533,125534],{},"Use single quotes if the text contains double quotes",[161,125536,125537],{},"Pick one style and stay consistent",[20,125539,1602],{},[41,125541,125543],{"className":43,"code":125542,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text1 = \"It's working\"\ntext2 = 'She said \"hello\"'\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,125544,125545,125559,125573,125577,125588],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,125546,125547,125550,125552,125554,125557],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,125548,125549],{"class":56},"text1 ",[50,125551,61],{"class":60},[50,125553,700],{"class":604},[50,125555,125556],{"class":608},"It's working",[50,125558,705],{"class":604},[50,125560,125561,125564,125566,125568,125571],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,125562,125563],{"class":56},"text2 ",[50,125565,61],{"class":60},[50,125567,605],{"class":604},[50,125569,125570],{"class":608},"She said \"hello\"",[50,125572,29768],{"class":604},[50,125574,125575],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,125576,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,125578,125579,125581,125583,125586],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,125580,118],{"class":94},[50,125582,98],{"class":64},[50,125584,125585],{"class":101},"text1",[50,125587,105],{"class":64},[50,125589,125590,125592,125594,125597],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,125591,118],{"class":94},[50,125593,98],{"class":64},[50,125595,125596],{"class":101},"text2",[50,125598,105],{"class":64},[20,125600,125601],{},"This helps you avoid unnecessary escaping.",[36,125603,125605],{"id":125604},"escaping-quote-characters","Escaping quote characters",[20,125607,125608],{},"A quote character can end a string too early if it matches the quote used to start the string.",[20,125610,125611],{},"For example, this causes a problem:",[41,125613,125615],{"className":43,"code":125614,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's working'\n",[15,125616,125617,125622],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,125618,125619],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,125620,125621],{"class":129},"# This will cause an error\n",[50,125623,125624],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,125625,125626],{"class":129},"# text = 'It's working'\n",[20,125628,125629,125630,1455,125632,125635],{},"Python sees the second ",[15,125631,611],{},[15,125633,125634],{},"It's"," as the end of the string.",[20,125637,125638],{},"To fix this, use a backslash:",[41,125640,125642],{"className":43,"code":125641,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = 'It\\'s working'\nprint(text)\n",[15,125643,125644,125663],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,125645,125646,125648,125650,125652,125655,125658,125661],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,125647,695],{"class":56},[50,125649,61],{"class":60},[50,125651,605],{"class":604},[50,125653,125654],{"class":608},"It",[50,125656,125657],{"class":34524},"\\'",[50,125659,125660],{"class":608},"s working",[50,125662,29768],{"class":604},[50,125664,125665,125667,125669,125671],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,125666,118],{"class":94},[50,125668,98],{"class":64},[50,125670,718],{"class":101},[50,125672,105],{"class":64},[20,125674,125675],{},"You can also switch quote styles:",[41,125677,125679],{"className":43,"code":125678,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"It's working\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125680,125681,125693],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,125682,125683,125685,125687,125689,125691],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,125684,695],{"class":56},[50,125686,61],{"class":60},[50,125688,700],{"class":604},[50,125690,125556],{"class":608},[50,125692,705],{"class":604},[50,125694,125695,125697,125699,125701],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,125696,118],{"class":94},[50,125698,98],{"class":64},[50,125700,718],{"class":101},[50,125702,105],{"class":64},[20,125704,125705],{},"In many cases, switching quote styles is simpler than escaping.",[20,125707,125708,125709,425],{},"If you get a quote-related error, see ",[421,125710,125712],{"href":125711},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fsyntaxerror-eol-while-scanning-string-literal-fix\u002F","SyntaxError: EOL while scanning string literal",[36,125714,1743],{"id":1742},[20,125716,125717],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating strings.",[222,125719,90256],{"id":90255},[20,125721,125722],{},"If you write text without quotes, Python treats it like a variable name.",[41,125724,125726],{"className":43,"code":125725,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"# This will cause an error\n# name = Alice\n",[15,125727,125728,125732],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,125729,125730],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,125731,125621],{"class":129},[50,125733,125734],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,125735,125736],{"class":129},"# name = Alice\n",[20,125738,125739,125740,8681,125743,125745],{},"Python may raise a ",[15,125741,125742],{},"NameError",[15,125744,5083],{}," is not defined.",[20,125747,10883],{},[41,125749,125751],{"className":43,"code":125750,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(name)\n",[15,125752,125753,125765],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,125754,125755,125757,125759,125761,125763],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,125756,7955],{"class":56},[50,125758,61],{"class":60},[50,125760,700],{"class":604},[50,125762,5083],{"class":608},[50,125764,705],{"class":604},[50,125766,125767,125769,125771,125773],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,125768,118],{"class":94},[50,125770,98],{"class":64},[50,125772,814],{"class":101},[50,125774,105],{"class":64},[222,125776,125778],{"id":125777},"mixing-quote-characters-incorrectly","Mixing quote characters incorrectly",[20,125780,125781],{},"This can break the string early and cause a syntax error.",[41,125783,125785],{"className":43,"code":125784,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's good'\n",[15,125786,125787,125791],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,125788,125789],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,125790,125621],{"class":129},[50,125792,125793],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,125794,125795],{"class":129},"# text = 'It's good'\n",[20,125797,125798],{},"Fix it by escaping the quote or changing quote styles:",[41,125800,125802],{"className":43,"code":125801,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text1 = 'It\\'s good'\ntext2 = \"It's good\"\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,125803,125804,125821,125834,125838,125848],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,125805,125806,125808,125810,125812,125814,125816,125819],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,125807,125549],{"class":56},[50,125809,61],{"class":60},[50,125811,605],{"class":604},[50,125813,125654],{"class":608},[50,125815,125657],{"class":34524},[50,125817,125818],{"class":608},"s good",[50,125820,29768],{"class":604},[50,125822,125823,125825,125827,125829,125832],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,125824,125563],{"class":56},[50,125826,61],{"class":60},[50,125828,700],{"class":604},[50,125830,125831],{"class":608},"It's good",[50,125833,705],{"class":604},[50,125835,125836],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,125837,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,125839,125840,125842,125844,125846],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,125841,118],{"class":94},[50,125843,98],{"class":64},[50,125845,125585],{"class":101},[50,125847,105],{"class":64},[50,125849,125850,125852,125854,125856],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,125851,118],{"class":94},[50,125853,98],{"class":64},[50,125855,125596],{"class":101},[50,125857,105],{"class":64},[222,125859,125861],{"id":125860},"using-triple-quotes-when-a-single-line-string-is-enough","Using triple quotes when a single-line string is enough",[20,125863,125864],{},"Triple quotes work, but they are usually best for multi-line text.",[41,125866,125868],{"className":43,"code":125867,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"\"\"hello\"\"\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125869,125870,125882],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,125871,125872,125874,125876,125878,125880],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,125873,695],{"class":56},[50,125875,61],{"class":60},[50,125877,125225],{"class":604},[50,125879,3926],{"class":608},[50,125881,43405],{"class":604},[50,125883,125884,125886,125888,125890],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,125885,118],{"class":94},[50,125887,98],{"class":64},[50,125889,718],{"class":101},[50,125891,105],{"class":64},[20,125893,125894],{},"This is valid, but for one line, this is simpler:",[41,125896,125898],{"className":43,"code":125897,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125899,125900,125912],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,125901,125902,125904,125906,125908,125910],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,125903,695],{"class":56},[50,125905,61],{"class":60},[50,125907,700],{"class":604},[50,125909,3926],{"class":608},[50,125911,705],{"class":604},[50,125913,125914,125916,125918,125920],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,125915,118],{"class":94},[50,125917,98],{"class":64},[50,125919,718],{"class":101},[50,125921,105],{"class":64},[222,125923,1748,125925,4472,125927,125929],{"id":125924},"assuming-123-and-123-are-the-same-type",[15,125926,50315],{},[15,125928,50365],{}," are the same type",[20,125931,125932],{},"They are different:",[41,125934,125936],{"className":43,"code":125935,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value1 = 123\nvalue2 = \"123\"\n\nprint(type(value1))\nprint(type(value2))\n",[15,125937,125938,125947,125960,125964,125978],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,125939,125940,125943,125945],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,125941,125942],{"class":56},"value1 ",[50,125944,61],{"class":60},[50,125946,124953],{"class":68},[50,125948,125949,125952,125954,125956,125958],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,125950,125951],{"class":56},"value2 ",[50,125953,61],{"class":60},[50,125955,700],{"class":604},[50,125957,50315],{"class":608},[50,125959,705],{"class":604},[50,125961,125962],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,125963,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,125965,125966,125968,125970,125972,125974,125976],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,125967,118],{"class":94},[50,125969,98],{"class":64},[50,125971,558],{"class":557},[50,125973,98],{"class":64},[50,125975,84813],{"class":101},[50,125977,478],{"class":64},[50,125979,125980,125982,125984,125986,125988,125991],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,125981,118],{"class":94},[50,125983,98],{"class":64},[50,125985,558],{"class":557},[50,125987,98],{"class":64},[50,125989,125990],{"class":101},"value2",[50,125992,478],{"class":64},[20,125994,353],{},[41,125996,125998],{"className":43,"code":125997,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,125999,126000,126014],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,126001,126002,126004,126006,126008,126010,126012],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,126003,597],{"class":60},[50,126005,601],{"class":600},[50,126007,605],{"class":604},[50,126009,2288],{"class":608},[50,126011,611],{"class":604},[50,126013,614],{"class":60},[50,126015,126016,126018,126020,126022,126024,126026],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,126017,597],{"class":60},[50,126019,601],{"class":600},[50,126021,605],{"class":604},[50,126023,1395],{"class":608},[50,126025,611],{"class":604},[50,126027,614],{"class":60},[222,126029,126031],{"id":126030},"trying-to-join-text-and-numbers-without-converting-first","Trying to join text and numbers without converting first",[20,126033,126034],{},"This causes a type error:",[41,126036,126038],{"className":43,"code":126037,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"# This will cause an error\n# age = 10\n# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[15,126039,126040,126044,126049],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,126041,126042],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,126043,125621],{"class":129},[50,126045,126046],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,126047,126048],{"class":129},"# age = 10\n",[50,126050,126051],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,126052,126053],{"class":129},"# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[20,126055,126056,126057,819],{},"Fix it with ",[15,126058,47754],{},[41,126060,126062],{"className":43,"code":126061,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"age = 10\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,126063,126064,126072,126094,126098],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,126065,126066,126068,126070],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,126067,21697],{"class":56},[50,126069,61],{"class":60},[50,126071,2685],{"class":68},[50,126073,126074,126076,126078,126080,126082,126084,126086,126088,126090,126092],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,126075,90049],{"class":56},[50,126077,61],{"class":60},[50,126079,700],{"class":604},[50,126081,89467],{"class":608},[50,126083,811],{"class":604},[50,126085,2551],{"class":60},[50,126087,48974],{"class":557},[50,126089,98],{"class":64},[50,126091,833],{"class":101},[50,126093,105],{"class":64},[50,126095,126096],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,126097,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,126099,126100,126102,126104,126106],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,126101,118],{"class":94},[50,126103,98],{"class":64},[50,126105,90066],{"class":101},[50,126107,105],{"class":64},[20,126109,126110,126111,425],{},"For this specific error, see ",[421,126112,90448],{"href":90447},[222,126114,60775],{"id":60774},[20,126116,126117],{},"If you are not sure what value you created, these commands help:",[41,126119,126121],{"className":43,"code":126120,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(repr(text))\n",[15,126122,126123,126135,126139,126149,126163],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,126124,126125,126127,126129,126131,126133],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,126126,695],{"class":56},[50,126128,61],{"class":60},[50,126130,700],{"class":604},[50,126132,3926],{"class":608},[50,126134,705],{"class":604},[50,126136,126137],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,126138,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,126140,126141,126143,126145,126147],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,126142,118],{"class":94},[50,126144,98],{"class":64},[50,126146,718],{"class":101},[50,126148,105],{"class":64},[50,126150,126151,126153,126155,126157,126159,126161],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,126152,118],{"class":94},[50,126154,98],{"class":64},[50,126156,558],{"class":557},[50,126158,98],{"class":64},[50,126160,718],{"class":101},[50,126162,478],{"class":64},[50,126164,126165,126167,126169,126171,126173,126175],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,126166,118],{"class":94},[50,126168,98],{"class":64},[50,126170,41849],{"class":94},[50,126172,98],{"class":64},[50,126174,718],{"class":101},[50,126176,478],{"class":64},[158,126178,126179,126184,126189],{},[161,126180,126181,46348],{},[15,126182,126183],{},"print(text)",[161,126185,126186,46353],{},[15,126187,126188],{},"print(type(text))",[161,126190,126191,126194],{},[15,126192,126193],{},"print(repr(text))"," shows the exact string representation, which is helpful for spaces and escape characters",[36,126196,1913],{"id":1912},[222,126198,126200],{"id":126199},"how-do-i-create-a-string-in-python","How do I create a string in Python?",[20,126202,126203,126204,2976,126207,425],{},"Put text inside single quotes or double quotes, like ",[15,126205,126206],{},"'hello'",[15,126208,64595],{},[222,126210,126212],{"id":126211},"what-is-the-difference-between-single-and-double-quotes-in-python","What is the difference between single and double quotes in Python?",[20,126214,126215],{},"Usually none. They both create strings. Choose the one that avoids extra escaping.",[222,126217,126219],{"id":126218},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-string","How do I create an empty string?",[20,126221,920,126222,2976,126224,425],{},[15,126223,6350],{},[15,126225,3855],{},[222,126227,126229],{"id":126228},"how-do-i-turn-a-number-into-a-string","How do I turn a number into a string?",[20,126231,920,126232,126234,126235,126237,126238,425],{},[15,126233,47754],{},", like ",[15,126236,80424],{},", which returns ",[15,126239,42196],{},[222,126241,126243],{"id":126242},"how-do-i-write-a-string-on-multiple-lines","How do I write a string on multiple lines?",[20,126245,126246],{},"Use triple quotes so Python keeps the line breaks.",[36,126248,1975],{"id":1974},[158,126250,126251,126255,126261,126266,126275,126279],{},[161,126252,126253],{},[421,126254,125026],{"href":51045},[161,126256,126257],{},[421,126258,13,126259,1461],{"href":42245},[15,126260,47754],{},[161,126262,126263],{},[421,126264,126265],{"href":123196},"How to convert int to string in Python",[161,126267,126268],{},[421,126269,126271,126272,10816],{"href":126270},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method\u002F","Python string ",[15,126273,126274],{},"format()",[161,126276,126277],{},[421,126278,125712],{"href":125711},[161,126280,126281],{},[421,126282,90448],{"href":90447},[2018,126284,126285],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":126287},[126288,126289,126290,126291,126292,126293,126294,126295,126296,126305,126312],{"id":15234,"depth":86,"text":15235},{"id":124865,"depth":86,"text":124866},{"id":125029,"depth":86,"text":125030},{"id":125104,"depth":86,"text":125105},{"id":125204,"depth":86,"text":125205},{"id":125309,"depth":86,"text":125310},{"id":125487,"depth":86,"text":125488},{"id":125604,"depth":86,"text":125605},{"id":1742,"depth":86,"text":1743,"children":126297},[126298,126299,126300,126301,126303,126304],{"id":90255,"depth":108,"text":90256},{"id":125777,"depth":108,"text":125778},{"id":125860,"depth":108,"text":125861},{"id":125924,"depth":108,"text":126302},"Assuming 123 and \"123\" are the same type",{"id":126030,"depth":108,"text":126031},{"id":60774,"depth":108,"text":60775},{"id":1912,"depth":86,"text":1913,"children":126306},[126307,126308,126309,126310,126311],{"id":126199,"depth":108,"text":126200},{"id":126211,"depth":108,"text":126212},{"id":126218,"depth":108,"text":126219},{"id":126228,"depth":108,"text":126229},{"id":126242,"depth":108,"text":126243},{"id":1974,"depth":86,"text":1975},"Master python string creating a string in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string",{"title":124727,"description":126313},"reference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string","4BQU6hnmGKtWtbnNEuQ2DsM1B7YLS8pxu2cdWLKXLUE",{"id":126320,"title":126321,"body":126322,"description":128236,"extension":2064,"meta":128237,"navigation":111,"path":128238,"seo":128239,"stem":128240,"__hash__":128241},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method.md","Python String endswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":126323,"toc":128197},[126324,126330,126335,126343,126345,126412,126414,126426,126435,126440,126444,126461,126463,126528,126530,126542,126547,126549,126577,126598,126601,126640,126642,126650,126654,126658,126662,126670,126673,126714,126716,126724,126727,126784,126786,126794,126798,126803,126847,126849,126857,126866,126870,126875,126923,126925,126933,126939,126941,126945,126957,126962,127041,127043,127063,127067,127071,127111,127113,127121,127125,127168,127170,127178,127182,127222,127224,127232,127236,127292,127294,127302,127308,127310,127314,127324,127391,127393,127406,127413,127456,127458,127466,127470,127473,127529,127531,127539,127542,127544,127621,127623,127631,127640,127642,127646,127650,127652,127674,127677,127724,127728,127767,127769,127777,127779,127821,127828,127833,127895,127897,127909,127915,127920,127969,127971,127990,127996,127998,128017,128019,128110,128112,128118,128125,128131,128137,128142,128151,128158,128166,128168,128194],[10,126325,123271,126327,11397],{"id":126326},"python-string-endswith-method",[15,126328,126329],{},"endswith()",[20,126331,123276,126332,126334],{},[15,126333,126329],{}," method checks whether a string ends with specific text.",[20,126336,126337,126338,2976,126340,126342],{},"It is useful when you want a simple ",[15,126339,247],{},[15,126341,218],{}," answer. Beginners often use it for file extensions, URL endings, and checking user input.",[36,126344,2105],{"id":2104},[41,126346,126348],{"className":43,"code":126347,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,126349,126350,126364,126389],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,126351,126352,126355,126357,126359,126362],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,126353,126354],{"class":56},"filename ",[50,126356,61],{"class":60},[50,126358,700],{"class":604},[50,126360,126361],{"class":608},"report.csv",[50,126363,705],{"class":604},[50,126365,126366,126368,126370,126373,126375,126378,126380,126382,126385,126387],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,126367,118],{"class":94},[50,126369,98],{"class":64},[50,126371,126372],{"class":101},"filename",[50,126374,425],{"class":64},[50,126376,126377],{"class":101},"endswith",[50,126379,98],{"class":64},[50,126381,811],{"class":604},[50,126383,126384],{"class":608},".csv",[50,126386,811],{"class":604},[50,126388,478],{"class":64},[50,126390,126391,126393,126395,126397,126399,126401,126403,126405,126408,126410],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,126392,118],{"class":94},[50,126394,98],{"class":64},[50,126396,126372],{"class":101},[50,126398,425],{"class":64},[50,126400,126377],{"class":101},[50,126402,98],{"class":64},[50,126404,811],{"class":604},[50,126406,126407],{"class":608},".txt",[50,126409,811],{"class":604},[50,126411,478],{"class":64},[20,126413,353],{},[41,126415,126416],{"className":43,"code":44243,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,126417,126418,126422],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,126419,126420],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,126421,4061],{"class":207},[50,126423,126424],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,126425,4122],{"class":207},[20,126427,920,126428,5448,126430,2976,126432,126434],{},[15,126429,126329],{},[15,126431,247],{},[15,126433,218],{}," based on the ending of a string.",[36,126436,153,126438,156],{"id":126437},"what-endswith-does",[15,126439,126329],{},[20,126441,126442,819],{},[15,126443,126329],{},[158,126445,126446,126449,126455,126458],{},[161,126447,126448],{},"Checks whether a string ends with a given suffix",[161,126450,11499,126451,2976,126453],{},[15,126452,247],{},[15,126454,218],{},[161,126456,126457],{},"Does not change the original string",[161,126459,126460],{},"Works well with normal text such as file names, URLs, and sentence endings",[20,126462,1602],{},[41,126464,126466],{"className":43,"code":126465,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\"world\"))\nprint(text.endswith(\"hello\"))\n",[15,126467,126468,126480,126484,126506],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,126469,126470,126472,126474,126476,126478],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,126471,695],{"class":56},[50,126473,61],{"class":60},[50,126475,700],{"class":604},[50,126477,60473],{"class":608},[50,126479,705],{"class":604},[50,126481,126482],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,126483,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,126485,126486,126488,126490,126492,126494,126496,126498,126500,126502,126504],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,126487,118],{"class":94},[50,126489,98],{"class":64},[50,126491,718],{"class":101},[50,126493,425],{"class":64},[50,126495,126377],{"class":101},[50,126497,98],{"class":64},[50,126499,811],{"class":604},[50,126501,60656],{"class":608},[50,126503,811],{"class":604},[50,126505,478],{"class":64},[50,126507,126508,126510,126512,126514,126516,126518,126520,126522,126524,126526],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,126509,118],{"class":94},[50,126511,98],{"class":64},[50,126513,718],{"class":101},[50,126515,425],{"class":64},[50,126517,126377],{"class":101},[50,126519,98],{"class":64},[50,126521,811],{"class":604},[50,126523,3926],{"class":608},[50,126525,811],{"class":604},[50,126527,478],{"class":64},[20,126529,353],{},[41,126531,126532],{"className":43,"code":44243,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,126533,126534,126538],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,126535,126536],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,126537,4061],{"class":207},[50,126539,126540],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,126541,4122],{"class":207},[20,126543,126544,126545,425],{},"If you are learning string basics, see ",[421,126546,125026],{"href":51045},[36,126548,181],{"id":180},[41,126550,126552],{"className":43,"code":126551,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"string.endswith(suffix, start, end)\n",[15,126553,126554],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,126555,126556,126558,126560,126562,126564,126567,126569,126571,126573,126575],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,126557,684],{"class":56},[50,126559,425],{"class":64},[50,126561,126377],{"class":101},[50,126563,98],{"class":64},[50,126565,126566],{"class":101},"suffix",[50,126568,72],{"class":64},[50,126570,36121],{"class":101},[50,126572,72],{"class":64},[50,126574,65101],{"class":101},[50,126576,105],{"class":64},[158,126578,126579,126584,126591],{},[161,126580,126581,126583],{},[15,126582,126566],{}," is required",[161,126585,126586,4472,126588,126590],{},[15,126587,36142],{},[15,126589,52730],{}," are optional",[161,126592,126593,4472,126595,126597],{},[15,126594,36142],{},[15,126596,52730],{}," limit which part of the string is checked",[20,126599,126600],{},"Basic example:",[41,126602,126604],{"className":43,"code":126603,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"filename = \"notes.txt\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,126605,126606,126618],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,126607,126608,126610,126612,126614,126616],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,126609,126354],{"class":56},[50,126611,61],{"class":60},[50,126613,700],{"class":604},[50,126615,86937],{"class":608},[50,126617,705],{"class":604},[50,126619,126620,126622,126624,126626,126628,126630,126632,126634,126636,126638],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,126621,118],{"class":94},[50,126623,98],{"class":64},[50,126625,126372],{"class":101},[50,126627,425],{"class":64},[50,126629,126377],{"class":101},[50,126631,98],{"class":64},[50,126633,811],{"class":604},[50,126635,126407],{"class":608},[50,126637,811],{"class":604},[50,126639,478],{"class":64},[20,126641,353],{},[41,126643,126644],{"className":43,"code":4061,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,126645,126646],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,126647,126648],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,126649,4061],{"class":207},[36,126651,126653],{"id":126652},"arguments-explained","Arguments explained",[222,126655,126656],{"id":126566},[15,126657,126566],{},[20,126659,126660,30819],{},[15,126661,126566],{},[158,126663,126664,126667],{},[161,126665,126666],{},"A single string",[161,126668,126669],{},"A tuple of strings",[20,126671,126672],{},"Single suffix:",[41,126674,126676],{"className":43,"code":126675,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith(\".png\"))\n",[15,126677,126678,126691],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,126679,126680,126682,126684,126686,126689],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,126681,7955],{"class":56},[50,126683,61],{"class":60},[50,126685,700],{"class":604},[50,126687,126688],{"class":608},"image.png",[50,126690,705],{"class":604},[50,126692,126693,126695,126697,126699,126701,126703,126705,126707,126710,126712],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,126694,118],{"class":94},[50,126696,98],{"class":64},[50,126698,814],{"class":101},[50,126700,425],{"class":64},[50,126702,126377],{"class":101},[50,126704,98],{"class":64},[50,126706,811],{"class":604},[50,126708,126709],{"class":608},".png",[50,126711,811],{"class":604},[50,126713,478],{"class":64},[20,126715,353],{},[41,126717,126718],{"className":43,"code":4061,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,126719,126720],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,126721,126722],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,126723,4061],{"class":207},[20,126725,126726],{},"Tuple of suffixes:",[41,126728,126730],{"className":43,"code":126729,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,126731,126732,126744],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,126733,126734,126736,126738,126740,126742],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,126735,7955],{"class":56},[50,126737,61],{"class":60},[50,126739,700],{"class":604},[50,126741,126688],{"class":608},[50,126743,705],{"class":604},[50,126745,126746,126748,126750,126752,126754,126756,126758,126760,126763,126765,126767,126769,126771,126773,126775,126777,126780,126782],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,126747,118],{"class":94},[50,126749,98],{"class":64},[50,126751,814],{"class":101},[50,126753,425],{"class":64},[50,126755,126377],{"class":101},[50,126757,1820],{"class":64},[50,126759,811],{"class":604},[50,126761,126762],{"class":608},".jpg",[50,126764,811],{"class":604},[50,126766,72],{"class":64},[50,126768,700],{"class":604},[50,126770,126709],{"class":608},[50,126772,811],{"class":604},[50,126774,72],{"class":64},[50,126776,700],{"class":604},[50,126778,126779],{"class":608},".gif",[50,126781,811],{"class":604},[50,126783,569],{"class":64},[20,126785,353],{},[41,126787,126788],{"className":43,"code":4061,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,126789,126790],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,126791,126792],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,126793,4061],{"class":207},[222,126795,126796],{"id":36142},[15,126797,36142],{},[20,126799,126800,126802],{},[15,126801,36142],{}," tells Python where to begin checking in the string.",[41,126804,126806],{"className":43,"code":126805,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"my_report.csv\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 3))\n",[15,126807,126808,126821],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,126809,126810,126812,126814,126816,126819],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,126811,695],{"class":56},[50,126813,61],{"class":60},[50,126815,700],{"class":604},[50,126817,126818],{"class":608},"my_report.csv",[50,126820,705],{"class":604},[50,126822,126823,126825,126827,126829,126831,126833,126835,126837,126839,126841,126843,126845],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,126824,118],{"class":94},[50,126826,98],{"class":64},[50,126828,718],{"class":101},[50,126830,425],{"class":64},[50,126832,126377],{"class":101},[50,126834,98],{"class":64},[50,126836,811],{"class":604},[50,126838,126384],{"class":608},[50,126840,811],{"class":604},[50,126842,72],{"class":64},[50,126844,500],{"class":68},[50,126846,478],{"class":64},[20,126848,353],{},[41,126850,126851],{"className":43,"code":4061,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,126852,126853],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,126854,126855],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,126856,4061],{"class":207},[20,126858,126859,126860,126862,126863,425],{},"Python checks the part from index ",[15,126861,69],{}," onward, which is ",[15,126864,126865],{},"\"report.csv\"",[222,126867,126868],{"id":52730},[15,126869,52730],{},[20,126871,126872,126874],{},[15,126873,52730],{}," tells Python where to stop checking before the end of the full string.",[41,126876,126878],{"className":43,"code":126877,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"report.csv backup\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 0, 10))\n",[15,126879,126880,126893],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,126881,126882,126884,126886,126888,126891],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,126883,695],{"class":56},[50,126885,61],{"class":60},[50,126887,700],{"class":604},[50,126889,126890],{"class":608},"report.csv backup",[50,126892,705],{"class":604},[50,126894,126895,126897,126899,126901,126903,126905,126907,126909,126911,126913,126915,126917,126919,126921],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,126896,118],{"class":94},[50,126898,98],{"class":64},[50,126900,718],{"class":101},[50,126902,425],{"class":64},[50,126904,126377],{"class":101},[50,126906,98],{"class":64},[50,126908,811],{"class":604},[50,126910,126384],{"class":608},[50,126912,811],{"class":604},[50,126914,72],{"class":64},[50,126916,3914],{"class":68},[50,126918,72],{"class":64},[50,126920,6082],{"class":68},[50,126922,478],{"class":64},[20,126924,353],{},[41,126926,126927],{"className":43,"code":4061,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,126928,126929],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,126930,126931],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,126932,4061],{"class":207},[20,126934,126935,126936,126938],{},"Here, Python only checks ",[15,126937,126865],{}," and ignores the rest.",[36,126940,17488],{"id":17487},[20,126942,126943,25577],{},[15,126944,126329],{},[158,126946,126947,126952],{},[161,126948,126949,126951],{},[15,126950,247],{}," if the string ends with the suffix",[161,126953,126954,126956],{},[15,126955,218],{}," if it does not",[20,126958,126959,126960,7251],{},"This makes it very useful inside ",[15,126961,7076],{},[41,126963,126965],{"className":43,"code":126964,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"filename = \"data.csv\"\n\nif filename.endswith(\".csv\"):\n    print(\"This is a CSV file.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is not a CSV file.\")\n",[15,126966,126967,126980,126984,127005,127020,127026],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,126968,126969,126971,126973,126975,126978],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,126970,126354],{"class":56},[50,126972,61],{"class":60},[50,126974,700],{"class":604},[50,126976,126977],{"class":608},"data.csv",[50,126979,705],{"class":604},[50,126981,126982],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,126983,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,126985,126986,126988,126991,126993,126995,126997,126999,127001,127003],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,126987,7076],{"class":3957},[50,126989,126990],{"class":56}," filename",[50,126992,425],{"class":64},[50,126994,126377],{"class":101},[50,126996,98],{"class":64},[50,126998,811],{"class":604},[50,127000,126384],{"class":608},[50,127002,811],{"class":604},[50,127004,8421],{"class":64},[50,127006,127007,127009,127011,127013,127016,127018],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,127008,8148],{"class":94},[50,127010,98],{"class":64},[50,127012,811],{"class":604},[50,127014,127015],{"class":608},"This is a CSV file.",[50,127017,811],{"class":604},[50,127019,105],{"class":64},[50,127021,127022,127024],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,127023,27503],{"class":3957},[50,127025,6470],{"class":64},[50,127027,127028,127030,127032,127034,127037,127039],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,127029,8148],{"class":94},[50,127031,98],{"class":64},[50,127033,811],{"class":604},[50,127035,127036],{"class":608},"This is not a CSV file.",[50,127038,811],{"class":604},[50,127040,105],{"class":64},[20,127042,353],{},[41,127044,127046],{"className":43,"code":127045,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"This is a CSV file.\n",[15,127047,127048],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,127049,127050,127052,127054,127056,127059,127061],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,127051,49948],{"class":56},[50,127053,12268],{"class":60},[50,127055,44614],{"class":56},[50,127057,127058],{"class":34524},"CSV",[50,127060,86678],{"class":86677},[50,127062,122303],{"class":64},[36,127064,127066],{"id":127065},"common-beginner-examples","Common beginner examples",[222,127068,127070],{"id":127069},"check-a-file-extension","Check a file extension",[41,127072,127074],{"className":43,"code":127073,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"filename = \"sales.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127075,127076,127089],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,127077,127078,127080,127082,127084,127087],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,127079,126354],{"class":56},[50,127081,61],{"class":60},[50,127083,700],{"class":604},[50,127085,127086],{"class":608},"sales.csv",[50,127088,705],{"class":604},[50,127090,127091,127093,127095,127097,127099,127101,127103,127105,127107,127109],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,127092,118],{"class":94},[50,127094,98],{"class":64},[50,127096,126372],{"class":101},[50,127098,425],{"class":64},[50,127100,126377],{"class":101},[50,127102,98],{"class":64},[50,127104,811],{"class":604},[50,127106,126384],{"class":608},[50,127108,811],{"class":604},[50,127110,478],{"class":64},[20,127112,353],{},[41,127114,127115],{"className":43,"code":4061,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,127116,127117],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,127118,127119],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,127120,4061],{"class":207},[222,127122,127124],{"id":127123},"check-whether-a-url-ends-with-a-slash","Check whether a URL ends with a slash",[41,127126,127128],{"className":43,"code":127127,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F\"\nprint(url.endswith(\"\u002F\"))\n",[15,127129,127130,127144],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,127131,127132,127135,127137,127139,127142],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,127133,127134],{"class":56},"url ",[50,127136,61],{"class":60},[50,127138,700],{"class":604},[50,127140,127141],{"class":608},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F",[50,127143,705],{"class":604},[50,127145,127146,127148,127150,127153,127155,127157,127159,127161,127164,127166],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,127147,118],{"class":94},[50,127149,98],{"class":64},[50,127151,127152],{"class":101},"url",[50,127154,425],{"class":64},[50,127156,126377],{"class":101},[50,127158,98],{"class":64},[50,127160,811],{"class":604},[50,127162,127163],{"class":608},"\u002F",[50,127165,811],{"class":604},[50,127167,478],{"class":64},[20,127169,353],{},[41,127171,127172],{"className":43,"code":4061,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,127173,127174],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,127175,127176],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,127177,4061],{"class":207},[222,127179,127181],{"id":127180},"check-whether-user-input-ends-with-punctuation","Check whether user input ends with punctuation",[41,127183,127185],{"className":43,"code":127184,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"message = \"Hello!\"\nprint(message.endswith(\"!\"))\n",[15,127186,127187,127200],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,127188,127189,127191,127193,127195,127198],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,127190,90049],{"class":56},[50,127192,61],{"class":60},[50,127194,700],{"class":604},[50,127196,127197],{"class":608},"Hello!",[50,127199,705],{"class":604},[50,127201,127202,127204,127206,127208,127210,127212,127214,127216,127218,127220],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,127203,118],{"class":94},[50,127205,98],{"class":64},[50,127207,90066],{"class":101},[50,127209,425],{"class":64},[50,127211,126377],{"class":101},[50,127213,98],{"class":64},[50,127215,811],{"class":604},[50,127217,89890],{"class":608},[50,127219,811],{"class":604},[50,127221,478],{"class":64},[20,127223,353],{},[41,127225,127226],{"className":43,"code":4061,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,127227,127228],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,127229,127230],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,127231,4061],{"class":207},[222,127233,127235],{"id":127234},"check-multiple-allowed-endings","Check multiple allowed endings",[41,127237,127239],{"className":43,"code":127238,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,127240,127241,127254],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,127242,127243,127245,127247,127249,127252],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,127244,126354],{"class":56},[50,127246,61],{"class":60},[50,127248,700],{"class":604},[50,127250,127251],{"class":608},"photo.jpg",[50,127253,705],{"class":604},[50,127255,127256,127258,127260,127262,127264,127266,127268,127270,127272,127274,127276,127278,127280,127282,127284,127286,127288,127290],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,127257,118],{"class":94},[50,127259,98],{"class":64},[50,127261,126372],{"class":101},[50,127263,425],{"class":64},[50,127265,126377],{"class":101},[50,127267,1820],{"class":64},[50,127269,811],{"class":604},[50,127271,126762],{"class":608},[50,127273,811],{"class":604},[50,127275,72],{"class":64},[50,127277,700],{"class":604},[50,127279,126709],{"class":608},[50,127281,811],{"class":604},[50,127283,72],{"class":64},[50,127285,700],{"class":604},[50,127287,126779],{"class":608},[50,127289,811],{"class":604},[50,127291,569],{"class":64},[20,127293,353],{},[41,127295,127296],{"className":43,"code":4061,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,127297,127298],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,127299,127300],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,127301,4061],{"class":207},[20,127303,127304,127305,425],{},"If you need to check whether text appears anywhere in a string, not just at the end, see ",[421,127306,127307],{"href":123526},"how to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[36,127309,123918],{"id":123917},[20,127311,127312,123729],{},[15,127313,126329],{},[20,127315,127316,127317,4472,127320,127323],{},"That means ",[15,127318,127319],{},"\".CSV\"",[15,127321,127322],{},"\".csv\""," are different.",[41,127325,127327],{"className":43,"code":127326,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\n\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".CSV\"))\n",[15,127328,127329,127342,127346,127368],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,127330,127331,127333,127335,127337,127340],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,127332,126354],{"class":56},[50,127334,61],{"class":60},[50,127336,700],{"class":604},[50,127338,127339],{"class":608},"REPORT.CSV",[50,127341,705],{"class":604},[50,127343,127344],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,127345,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,127347,127348,127350,127352,127354,127356,127358,127360,127362,127364,127366],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,127349,118],{"class":94},[50,127351,98],{"class":64},[50,127353,126372],{"class":101},[50,127355,425],{"class":64},[50,127357,126377],{"class":101},[50,127359,98],{"class":64},[50,127361,811],{"class":604},[50,127363,126384],{"class":608},[50,127365,811],{"class":604},[50,127367,478],{"class":64},[50,127369,127370,127372,127374,127376,127378,127380,127382,127384,127387,127389],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,127371,118],{"class":94},[50,127373,98],{"class":64},[50,127375,126372],{"class":101},[50,127377,425],{"class":64},[50,127379,126377],{"class":101},[50,127381,98],{"class":64},[50,127383,811],{"class":604},[50,127385,127386],{"class":608},".CSV",[50,127388,811],{"class":604},[50,127390,478],{"class":64},[20,127392,353],{},[41,127394,127396],{"className":43,"code":127395,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"False\nTrue\n",[15,127397,127398,127402],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,127399,127400],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,127401,4122],{"class":207},[50,127403,127404],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,127405,4061],{"class":207},[20,127407,127408,127409,425],{},"If you want a case-insensitive check, convert the string first with ",[421,127410,127411],{"href":123998},[15,127412,124001],{},[41,127414,127416],{"className":43,"code":127415,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.lower().endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127417,127418,127430],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,127419,127420,127422,127424,127426,127428],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,127421,126354],{"class":56},[50,127423,61],{"class":60},[50,127425,700],{"class":604},[50,127427,127339],{"class":608},[50,127429,705],{"class":604},[50,127431,127432,127434,127436,127438,127440,127442,127444,127446,127448,127450,127452,127454],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,127433,118],{"class":94},[50,127435,98],{"class":64},[50,127437,126372],{"class":101},[50,127439,425],{"class":64},[50,127441,1401],{"class":101},[50,127443,8717],{"class":64},[50,127445,126377],{"class":101},[50,127447,98],{"class":64},[50,127449,811],{"class":604},[50,127451,126384],{"class":608},[50,127453,811],{"class":604},[50,127455,478],{"class":64},[20,127457,353],{},[41,127459,127460],{"className":43,"code":4061,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,127461,127462],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,127463,127464],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,127465,4061],{"class":207},[36,127467,127469],{"id":127468},"using-multiple-suffixes","Using multiple suffixes",[20,127471,127472],{},"You can pass a tuple of suffixes to check several endings at once.",[41,127474,127476],{"className":43,"code":127475,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"filename = \"picture.gif\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,127477,127478,127491],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,127479,127480,127482,127484,127486,127489],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,127481,126354],{"class":56},[50,127483,61],{"class":60},[50,127485,700],{"class":604},[50,127487,127488],{"class":608},"picture.gif",[50,127490,705],{"class":604},[50,127492,127493,127495,127497,127499,127501,127503,127505,127507,127509,127511,127513,127515,127517,127519,127521,127523,127525,127527],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,127494,118],{"class":94},[50,127496,98],{"class":64},[50,127498,126372],{"class":101},[50,127500,425],{"class":64},[50,127502,126377],{"class":101},[50,127504,1820],{"class":64},[50,127506,811],{"class":604},[50,127508,126762],{"class":608},[50,127510,811],{"class":604},[50,127512,72],{"class":64},[50,127514,700],{"class":604},[50,127516,126709],{"class":608},[50,127518,811],{"class":604},[50,127520,72],{"class":64},[50,127522,700],{"class":604},[50,127524,126779],{"class":608},[50,127526,811],{"class":604},[50,127528,569],{"class":64},[20,127530,353],{},[41,127532,127533],{"className":43,"code":4061,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,127534,127535],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,127536,127537],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,127538,4061],{"class":207},[20,127540,127541],{},"This is helpful when you want to allow several file types.",[20,127543,52149],{},[41,127545,127547],{"className":43,"code":127546,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"document = \"notes.txt\"\nallowed = (\".txt\", \".md\", \".docx\")\n\nprint(document.endswith(allowed))\n",[15,127548,127549,127562,127597,127601],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,127550,127551,127554,127556,127558,127560],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,127552,127553],{"class":56},"document ",[50,127555,61],{"class":60},[50,127557,700],{"class":604},[50,127559,86937],{"class":608},[50,127561,705],{"class":604},[50,127563,127564,127567,127569,127571,127573,127575,127577,127579,127581,127584,127586,127588,127590,127593,127595],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,127565,127566],{"class":56},"allowed ",[50,127568,61],{"class":60},[50,127570,521],{"class":64},[50,127572,811],{"class":604},[50,127574,126407],{"class":608},[50,127576,811],{"class":604},[50,127578,72],{"class":64},[50,127580,700],{"class":604},[50,127582,127583],{"class":608},".md",[50,127585,811],{"class":604},[50,127587,72],{"class":64},[50,127589,700],{"class":604},[50,127591,127592],{"class":608},".docx",[50,127594,811],{"class":604},[50,127596,105],{"class":64},[50,127598,127599],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,127600,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,127602,127603,127605,127607,127610,127612,127614,127616,127619],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,127604,118],{"class":94},[50,127606,98],{"class":64},[50,127608,127609],{"class":101},"document",[50,127611,425],{"class":64},[50,127613,126377],{"class":101},[50,127615,98],{"class":64},[50,127617,127618],{"class":101},"allowed",[50,127620,478],{"class":64},[20,127622,353],{},[41,127624,127625],{"className":43,"code":4061,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,127626,127627],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,127628,127629],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,127630,4061],{"class":207},[20,127632,127633,127634,425],{},"If you want the opposite check at the beginning of a string, see ",[421,127635,126271,127637,10816],{"href":127636},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method\u002F",[15,127638,127639],{},"startswith()",[36,127641,1743],{"id":1742},[20,127643,8526,127644,425],{},[15,127645,126329],{},[222,127647,127649],{"id":127648},"using-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Using a list instead of a tuple",[20,127651,4605],{},[41,127653,127655],{"className":43,"code":127654,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\n# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[15,127656,127657,127669],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,127658,127659,127661,127663,127665,127667],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,127660,126354],{"class":56},[50,127662,61],{"class":60},[50,127664,700],{"class":604},[50,127666,127251],{"class":608},[50,127668,705],{"class":604},[50,127670,127671],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,127672,127673],{"class":129},"# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[20,127675,127676],{},"Use a tuple instead:",[41,127678,127680],{"className":43,"code":127679,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\")))\n",[15,127681,127682,127694],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,127683,127684,127686,127688,127690,127692],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,127685,126354],{"class":56},[50,127687,61],{"class":60},[50,127689,700],{"class":604},[50,127691,127251],{"class":608},[50,127693,705],{"class":604},[50,127695,127696,127698,127700,127702,127704,127706,127708,127710,127712,127714,127716,127718,127720,127722],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,127697,118],{"class":94},[50,127699,98],{"class":64},[50,127701,126372],{"class":101},[50,127703,425],{"class":64},[50,127705,126377],{"class":101},[50,127707,1820],{"class":64},[50,127709,811],{"class":604},[50,127711,126762],{"class":608},[50,127713,811],{"class":604},[50,127715,72],{"class":64},[50,127717,700],{"class":604},[50,127719,126709],{"class":608},[50,127721,811],{"class":604},[50,127723,569],{"class":64},[222,127725,127727],{"id":127726},"forgetting-that-the-check-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that the check is case-sensitive",[41,127729,127731],{"className":43,"code":127730,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127732,127733,127745],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,127734,127735,127737,127739,127741,127743],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,127736,126354],{"class":56},[50,127738,61],{"class":60},[50,127740,700],{"class":604},[50,127742,127339],{"class":608},[50,127744,705],{"class":604},[50,127746,127747,127749,127751,127753,127755,127757,127759,127761,127763,127765],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,127748,118],{"class":94},[50,127750,98],{"class":64},[50,127752,126372],{"class":101},[50,127754,425],{"class":64},[50,127756,126377],{"class":101},[50,127758,98],{"class":64},[50,127760,811],{"class":604},[50,127762,126384],{"class":608},[50,127764,811],{"class":604},[50,127766,478],{"class":64},[20,127768,353],{},[41,127770,127771],{"className":43,"code":4122,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,127772,127773],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,127774,127775],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,127776,4122],{"class":207},[20,127778,39330],{},[41,127780,127781],{"className":43,"code":127415,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,127782,127783,127795],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,127784,127785,127787,127789,127791,127793],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,127786,126354],{"class":56},[50,127788,61],{"class":60},[50,127790,700],{"class":604},[50,127792,127339],{"class":608},[50,127794,705],{"class":604},[50,127796,127797,127799,127801,127803,127805,127807,127809,127811,127813,127815,127817,127819],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,127798,118],{"class":94},[50,127800,98],{"class":64},[50,127802,126372],{"class":101},[50,127804,425],{"class":64},[50,127806,1401],{"class":101},[50,127808,8717],{"class":64},[50,127810,126377],{"class":101},[50,127812,98],{"class":64},[50,127814,811],{"class":604},[50,127816,126384],{"class":608},[50,127818,811],{"class":604},[50,127820,478],{"class":64},[222,127822,37273,127824,8784,127826],{"id":127823},"confusing-endswith-with-in",[15,127825,126329],{},[15,127827,3964],{},[20,127829,127830,127832],{},[15,127831,126329],{}," checks only the end of the string.",[41,127834,127836],{"className":43,"code":127835,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"my_report.csv.backup\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(\".csv\" in text)\n",[15,127837,127838,127851,127855,127877],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,127839,127840,127842,127844,127846,127849],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,127841,695],{"class":56},[50,127843,61],{"class":60},[50,127845,700],{"class":604},[50,127847,127848],{"class":608},"my_report.csv.backup",[50,127850,705],{"class":604},[50,127852,127853],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,127854,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,127856,127857,127859,127861,127863,127865,127867,127869,127871,127873,127875],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,127858,118],{"class":94},[50,127860,98],{"class":64},[50,127862,718],{"class":101},[50,127864,425],{"class":64},[50,127866,126377],{"class":101},[50,127868,98],{"class":64},[50,127870,811],{"class":604},[50,127872,126384],{"class":608},[50,127874,811],{"class":604},[50,127876,478],{"class":64},[50,127878,127879,127881,127883,127885,127887,127889,127891,127893],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,127880,118],{"class":94},[50,127882,98],{"class":64},[50,127884,811],{"class":604},[50,127886,126384],{"class":608},[50,127888,811],{"class":604},[50,127890,21243],{"class":3957},[50,127892,42910],{"class":101},[50,127894,105],{"class":64},[20,127896,353],{},[41,127898,127899],{"className":43,"code":127395,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,127900,127901,127905],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,127902,127903],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,127904,4122],{"class":207},[50,127906,127907],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,127908,4061],{"class":207},[222,127910,8532,127912,127914],{"id":127911},"expecting-endswith-to-remove-the-suffix",[15,127913,126329],{}," to remove the suffix",[20,127916,127917,127919],{},[15,127918,126329],{}," only checks. It does not edit the string.",[41,127921,127923],{"className":43,"code":127922,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename)\n",[15,127924,127925,127937,127959],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,127926,127927,127929,127931,127933,127935],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,127928,126354],{"class":56},[50,127930,61],{"class":60},[50,127932,700],{"class":604},[50,127934,126361],{"class":608},[50,127936,705],{"class":604},[50,127938,127939,127941,127943,127945,127947,127949,127951,127953,127955,127957],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,127940,118],{"class":94},[50,127942,98],{"class":64},[50,127944,126372],{"class":101},[50,127946,425],{"class":64},[50,127948,126377],{"class":101},[50,127950,98],{"class":64},[50,127952,811],{"class":604},[50,127954,126384],{"class":608},[50,127956,811],{"class":604},[50,127958,478],{"class":64},[50,127960,127961,127963,127965,127967],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,127962,118],{"class":94},[50,127964,98],{"class":64},[50,127966,126372],{"class":101},[50,127968,105],{"class":64},[20,127970,353],{},[41,127972,127974],{"className":43,"code":127973,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"True\nreport.csv\n",[15,127975,127976,127980],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,127977,127978],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,127979,4061],{"class":207},[50,127981,127982,127985,127987],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,127983,127984],{"class":56},"report",[50,127986,425],{"class":64},[50,127988,127989],{"class":1400},"csv\n",[20,127991,127992,127993,425],{},"If you need to change text, see ",[421,127994,127995],{"href":124439},"how to replace text in a string in Python",[20,127997,66124],{},[158,127999,128000,128003,128006,128009],{},[161,128001,128002],{},"Passing the wrong suffix because of uppercase vs lowercase text",[161,128004,128005],{},"Using a list instead of a tuple for multiple endings",[161,128007,128008],{},"Checking the full string when only part of the string should be checked",[161,128010,914,128011,44699,128013,2976,128015,111592],{},[15,128012,126329],{},[15,128014,124442],{},[15,128016,41723],{},[20,128018,30204],{},[41,128020,128022],{"className":43,"code":128021,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.endswith('.csv'))\nprint(text.lower().endswith('.csv'))\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,128023,128024,128034,128048,128070,128096],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,128025,128026,128028,128030,128032],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,128027,118],{"class":94},[50,128029,98],{"class":64},[50,128031,718],{"class":101},[50,128033,105],{"class":64},[50,128035,128036,128038,128040,128042,128044,128046],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,128037,118],{"class":94},[50,128039,98],{"class":64},[50,128041,41849],{"class":94},[50,128043,98],{"class":64},[50,128045,718],{"class":101},[50,128047,478],{"class":64},[50,128049,128050,128052,128054,128056,128058,128060,128062,128064,128066,128068],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,128051,118],{"class":94},[50,128053,98],{"class":64},[50,128055,718],{"class":101},[50,128057,425],{"class":64},[50,128059,126377],{"class":101},[50,128061,98],{"class":64},[50,128063,611],{"class":604},[50,128065,126384],{"class":608},[50,128067,611],{"class":604},[50,128069,478],{"class":64},[50,128071,128072,128074,128076,128078,128080,128082,128084,128086,128088,128090,128092,128094],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,128073,118],{"class":94},[50,128075,98],{"class":64},[50,128077,718],{"class":101},[50,128079,425],{"class":64},[50,128081,1401],{"class":101},[50,128083,8717],{"class":64},[50,128085,126377],{"class":101},[50,128087,98],{"class":64},[50,128089,611],{"class":604},[50,128091,126384],{"class":608},[50,128093,611],{"class":604},[50,128095,478],{"class":64},[50,128097,128098,128100,128102,128104,128106,128108],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,128099,118],{"class":94},[50,128101,98],{"class":64},[50,128103,558],{"class":557},[50,128105,98],{"class":64},[50,128107,718],{"class":101},[50,128109,478],{"class":64},[36,128111,1913],{"id":1912},[222,128113,1917,128115,128117],{"id":128114},"does-endswith-change-the-string",[15,128116,126329],{}," change the string?",[20,128119,128120,128121,2976,128123,425],{},"No. It only checks the ending and returns ",[15,128122,247],{},[15,128124,218],{},[222,128126,5248,128128,128130],{"id":128127},"can-endswith-check-more-than-one-ending",[15,128129,126329],{}," check more than one ending?",[20,128132,128133,128134,425],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of suffixes, such as ",[15,128135,128136],{},"(\".jpg\", \".png\")",[222,128138,14975,128140,124607],{"id":128139},"is-endswith-case-sensitive",[15,128141,126329],{},[20,128143,128144,128145,2976,128147,128150],{},"Yes. Use ",[15,128146,124001],{},[15,128148,128149],{},"upper()"," first if you want a case-insensitive check.",[222,128152,5258,128154,4472,128156,1943],{"id":128153},"what-is-the-difference-between-endswith-and-find",[15,128155,126329],{},[15,128157,124266],{},[20,128159,128160,128162,128163,128165],{},[15,128161,126329],{}," only checks the end of the string. ",[15,128164,124266],{}," searches for text anywhere in the string.",[36,128167,1975],{"id":1974},[158,128169,128170,128176,128182,128186,128190],{},[161,128171,128172],{},[421,128173,126271,128174,10816],{"href":127636},[15,128175,127639],{},[161,128177,128178],{},[421,128179,126271,128180,10816],{"href":123998},[15,128181,124001],{},[161,128183,128184],{},[421,128185,124670],{"href":123526},[161,128187,128188],{},[421,128189,124677],{"href":124439},[161,128191,128192],{},[421,128193,125026],{"href":51045},[2018,128195,128196],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":128198},[128199,128200,128202,128203,128208,128209,128215,128216,128217,128225,128235],{"id":2104,"depth":86,"text":2105},{"id":126437,"depth":86,"text":128201},"What endswith() does",{"id":180,"depth":86,"text":181},{"id":126652,"depth":86,"text":126653,"children":128204},[128205,128206,128207],{"id":126566,"depth":108,"text":126566},{"id":36142,"depth":108,"text":36142},{"id":52730,"depth":108,"text":52730},{"id":17487,"depth":86,"text":17488},{"id":127065,"depth":86,"text":127066,"children":128210},[128211,128212,128213,128214],{"id":127069,"depth":108,"text":127070},{"id":127123,"depth":108,"text":127124},{"id":127180,"depth":108,"text":127181},{"id":127234,"depth":108,"text":127235},{"id":123917,"depth":86,"text":123918},{"id":127468,"depth":86,"text":127469},{"id":1742,"depth":86,"text":1743,"children":128218},[128219,128220,128221,128223],{"id":127648,"depth":108,"text":127649},{"id":127726,"depth":108,"text":127727},{"id":127823,"depth":108,"text":128222},"Confusing endswith() with in",{"id":127911,"depth":108,"text":128224},"Expecting endswith() to remove the suffix",{"id":1912,"depth":86,"text":1913,"children":128226},[128227,128229,128231,128233],{"id":128114,"depth":108,"text":128228},"Does endswith() change the string?",{"id":128127,"depth":108,"text":128230},"Can endswith() check more than one ending?",{"id":128139,"depth":108,"text":128232},"Is endswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":128153,"depth":108,"text":128234},"What is the difference between endswith() and find()?",{"id":1974,"depth":86,"text":1975},"Master python string endswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method",{"title":126321,"description":128236},"reference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method","jmT6sZS8GCE7qxlLXjoIsllvV_eO0eIaQJVm97pUvDY",{"id":128243,"title":128244,"body":128245,"description":129913,"extension":2064,"meta":129914,"navigation":111,"path":129915,"seo":129916,"stem":129917,"__hash__":129918},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method.md","Python String find() Method",{"type":7,"value":128246,"toc":129886},[128247,128252,128257,128262,128267,128360,128370,128375,128380,128395,128397,128479,128487,128489,128491,128518,128520,128536,128543,128545,128653,128655,128660,128676,128678,128773,128781,128784,128790,128795,128800,128807,128946,128949,128962,128964,128968,128975,129045,129048,129097,129104,129111,129125,129130,129135,129181,129227,129243,129245,129250,129264,129267,129389,129394,129396,129401,129434,129437,129513,129515,129524,129538,129541,129625,129628,129739,129742,129770,129772,129779,129783,129789,129792,129798,129801,129808,129819,129825,129832,129834,129883],[10,128248,123271,128250,11397],{"id":128249},"python-string-find-method",[15,128251,124266],{},[20,128253,123276,128254,128256],{},[15,128255,124266],{}," method searches for a substring inside a string.",[20,128258,128259,128260,425],{},"It returns the index of the first match. If the text is not found, it returns ",[15,128261,65915],{},[20,128263,920,128264,128266],{},[15,128265,124266],{}," when you want the position of some text and it is normal for that text to be missing.",[41,128268,128270],{"className":43,"code":128269,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.find(\"world\")\nprint(position)   # 6\n\nmissing = text.find(\"python\")\nprint(missing)    # -1\n",[15,128271,128272,128284,128307,128320,128324,128347],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,128273,128274,128276,128278,128280,128282],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,128275,695],{"class":56},[50,128277,61],{"class":60},[50,128279,700],{"class":604},[50,128281,60473],{"class":608},[50,128283,705],{"class":604},[50,128285,128286,128288,128290,128292,128294,128297,128299,128301,128303,128305],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,128287,64980],{"class":56},[50,128289,61],{"class":60},[50,128291,42910],{"class":56},[50,128293,425],{"class":64},[50,128295,128296],{"class":101},"find",[50,128298,98],{"class":64},[50,128300,811],{"class":604},[50,128302,60656],{"class":608},[50,128304,811],{"class":604},[50,128306,105],{"class":64},[50,128308,128309,128311,128313,128315,128317],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,128310,118],{"class":94},[50,128312,98],{"class":64},[50,128314,65007],{"class":101},[50,128316,126],{"class":64},[50,128318,128319],{"class":129},"   # 6\n",[50,128321,128322],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,128323,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,128325,128326,128329,128331,128333,128335,128337,128339,128341,128343,128345],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,128327,128328],{"class":56},"missing ",[50,128330,61],{"class":60},[50,128332,42910],{"class":56},[50,128334,425],{"class":64},[50,128336,128296],{"class":101},[50,128338,98],{"class":64},[50,128340,811],{"class":604},[50,128342,45],{"class":608},[50,128344,811],{"class":604},[50,128346,105],{"class":64},[50,128348,128349,128351,128353,128355,128357],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,128350,118],{"class":94},[50,128352,98],{"class":64},[50,128354,26842],{"class":101},[50,128356,126],{"class":64},[50,128358,128359],{"class":129},"    # -1\n",[43649,128361,128362],{},[20,128363,920,128364,128366,128367,128369],{},[15,128365,124266],{}," when you want the position of a substring. It returns ",[15,128368,65915],{}," if the substring is not found.",[36,128371,153,128373,156],{"id":128372},"what-find-does",[15,128374,124266],{},[20,128376,128377,128379],{},[15,128378,124266],{}," is a string method that:",[158,128381,128382,128385,128388,128393],{},[161,128383,128384],{},"Searches a string for a substring",[161,128386,128387],{},"Returns the index of the first match",[161,128389,11499,128390,128392],{},[15,128391,65915],{}," if no match is found",[161,128394,126457],{},[20,128396,1602],{},[41,128398,128400],{"className":43,"code":128399,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"na\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))    # -1\nprint(text)              # banana\n",[15,128401,128402,128414,128418,128442,128466],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,128403,128404,128406,128408,128410,128412],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,128405,695],{"class":56},[50,128407,61],{"class":60},[50,128409,700],{"class":604},[50,128411,1058],{"class":608},[50,128413,705],{"class":604},[50,128415,128416],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,128417,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,128419,128420,128422,128424,128426,128428,128430,128432,128434,128436,128438,128440],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,128421,118],{"class":94},[50,128423,98],{"class":64},[50,128425,718],{"class":101},[50,128427,425],{"class":64},[50,128429,128296],{"class":101},[50,128431,98],{"class":64},[50,128433,811],{"class":604},[50,128435,123364],{"class":608},[50,128437,811],{"class":604},[50,128439,5440],{"class":64},[50,128441,57712],{"class":129},[50,128443,128444,128446,128448,128450,128452,128454,128456,128458,128460,128462,128464],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,128445,118],{"class":94},[50,128447,98],{"class":64},[50,128449,718],{"class":101},[50,128451,425],{"class":64},[50,128453,128296],{"class":101},[50,128455,98],{"class":64},[50,128457,811],{"class":604},[50,128459,2273],{"class":608},[50,128461,811],{"class":604},[50,128463,5440],{"class":64},[50,128465,128359],{"class":129},[50,128467,128468,128470,128472,128474,128476],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,128469,118],{"class":94},[50,128471,98],{"class":64},[50,128473,718],{"class":101},[50,128475,126],{"class":64},[50,128477,128478],{"class":129},"              # banana\n",[20,128480,1325,128481,128484,128485,425],{},[15,128482,128483],{},"\"na\""," first appears at index ",[15,128486,1564],{},[36,128488,181],{"id":180},[20,128490,2259],{},[41,128492,128494],{"className":43,"code":128493,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"string.find(value, start, end)\n",[15,128495,128496],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,128497,128498,128500,128502,128504,128506,128508,128510,128512,128514,128516],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,128499,684],{"class":56},[50,128501,425],{"class":64},[50,128503,128296],{"class":101},[50,128505,98],{"class":64},[50,128507,2570],{"class":101},[50,128509,72],{"class":64},[50,128511,36121],{"class":101},[50,128513,72],{"class":64},[50,128515,65101],{"class":101},[50,128517,105],{"class":64},[222,128519,225],{"id":224},[158,128521,128522,128526,128531],{},[161,128523,128524,123463],{},[15,128525,2570],{},[161,128527,128528,128530],{},[15,128529,36142],{},": optional starting position",[161,128532,128533,128535],{},[15,128534,52730],{},": optional ending position",[20,128537,128538,4472,128540,128542],{},[15,128539,36142],{},[15,128541,52730],{}," let you search only part of the string.",[20,128544,126600],{},[41,128546,128548],{"className":43,"code":128547,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"o\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5))     # 7\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5, 7))  # -1\n",[15,128549,128550,128562,128566,128591,128620],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,128551,128552,128554,128556,128558,128560],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,128553,695],{"class":56},[50,128555,61],{"class":60},[50,128557,700],{"class":604},[50,128559,60473],{"class":608},[50,128561,705],{"class":604},[50,128563,128564],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,128565,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,128567,128568,128570,128572,128574,128576,128578,128580,128582,128584,128586,128588],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,128569,118],{"class":94},[50,128571,98],{"class":64},[50,128573,718],{"class":101},[50,128575,425],{"class":64},[50,128577,128296],{"class":101},[50,128579,98],{"class":64},[50,128581,811],{"class":604},[50,128583,754],{"class":608},[50,128585,811],{"class":604},[50,128587,5440],{"class":64},[50,128589,128590],{"class":129},"        # 4\n",[50,128592,128593,128595,128597,128599,128601,128603,128605,128607,128609,128611,128613,128615,128617],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,128594,118],{"class":94},[50,128596,98],{"class":64},[50,128598,718],{"class":101},[50,128600,425],{"class":64},[50,128602,128296],{"class":101},[50,128604,98],{"class":64},[50,128606,811],{"class":604},[50,128608,754],{"class":608},[50,128610,811],{"class":604},[50,128612,72],{"class":64},[50,128614,375],{"class":68},[50,128616,5440],{"class":64},[50,128618,128619],{"class":129},"     # 7\n",[50,128621,128622,128624,128626,128628,128630,128632,128634,128636,128638,128640,128642,128644,128646,128648,128650],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,128623,118],{"class":94},[50,128625,98],{"class":64},[50,128627,718],{"class":101},[50,128629,425],{"class":64},[50,128631,128296],{"class":101},[50,128633,98],{"class":64},[50,128635,811],{"class":604},[50,128637,754],{"class":608},[50,128639,811],{"class":604},[50,128641,72],{"class":64},[50,128643,375],{"class":68},[50,128645,72],{"class":64},[50,128647,6071],{"class":68},[50,128649,5440],{"class":64},[50,128651,128652],{"class":129},"  # -1\n",[36,128654,38090],{"id":38089},[20,128656,57611,128657,128659],{},[15,128658,124266],{}," is always an integer.",[158,128661,128662,128668,128671],{},[161,128663,128664,128665,128667],{},"A number ",[15,128666,2220],{}," or greater means the substring was found",[161,128669,128670],{},"The number is the starting position of the match",[161,128672,128673,128675],{},[15,128674,65915],{}," means the substring was not found",[20,128677,1602],{},[41,128679,128681],{"className":43,"code":128680,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"python\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"py\"))   # 0\nprint(text.find(\"th\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))    # -1\n",[15,128682,128683,128695,128699,128724,128749],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,128684,128685,128687,128689,128691,128693],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,128686,695],{"class":56},[50,128688,61],{"class":60},[50,128690,700],{"class":604},[50,128692,45],{"class":608},[50,128694,705],{"class":604},[50,128696,128697],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,128698,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,128700,128701,128703,128705,128707,128709,128711,128713,128715,128718,128720,128722],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,128702,118],{"class":94},[50,128704,98],{"class":64},[50,128706,718],{"class":101},[50,128708,425],{"class":64},[50,128710,128296],{"class":101},[50,128712,98],{"class":64},[50,128714,811],{"class":604},[50,128716,128717],{"class":608},"py",[50,128719,811],{"class":604},[50,128721,5440],{"class":64},[50,128723,20838],{"class":129},[50,128725,128726,128728,128730,128732,128734,128736,128738,128740,128743,128745,128747],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,128727,118],{"class":94},[50,128729,98],{"class":64},[50,128731,718],{"class":101},[50,128733,425],{"class":64},[50,128735,128296],{"class":101},[50,128737,98],{"class":64},[50,128739,811],{"class":604},[50,128741,128742],{"class":608},"th",[50,128744,811],{"class":604},[50,128746,5440],{"class":64},[50,128748,57712],{"class":129},[50,128750,128751,128753,128755,128757,128759,128761,128763,128765,128767,128769,128771],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,128752,118],{"class":94},[50,128754,98],{"class":64},[50,128756,718],{"class":101},[50,128758,425],{"class":64},[50,128760,128296],{"class":101},[50,128762,98],{"class":64},[50,128764,811],{"class":604},[50,128766,22146],{"class":608},[50,128768,811],{"class":604},[50,128770,5440],{"class":64},[50,128772,128359],{"class":129},[20,128774,89952,128775,8535,128777,2976,128779,425],{},[15,128776,124266],{},[15,128778,247],{},[15,128780,218],{},[20,128782,128783],{},"It does not return a Boolean value. It returns the position of the match.",[36,128785,914,128786,4472,128788],{"id":65467},[15,128787,36142],{},[15,128789,52730],{},[20,128791,920,128792,128794],{},[15,128793,36142],{}," to skip the earlier part of a string.",[20,128796,920,128797,128799],{},[15,128798,52730],{}," to stop searching before a certain position.",[20,128801,1185,128802,75517,128804,128806],{},[15,128803,52730],{},[3824,128805,65130],{}," in the search.",[41,128808,128810],{"className":43,"code":128809,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"one two three two\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"two\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 5))     # 14\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 7))  # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 4))  # -1\n",[15,128811,128812,128825,128829,128853,128882,128914],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,128813,128814,128816,128818,128820,128823],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,128815,695],{"class":56},[50,128817,61],{"class":60},[50,128819,700],{"class":604},[50,128821,128822],{"class":608},"one two three two",[50,128824,705],{"class":604},[50,128826,128827],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,128828,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,128830,128831,128833,128835,128837,128839,128841,128843,128845,128847,128849,128851],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,128832,118],{"class":94},[50,128834,98],{"class":64},[50,128836,718],{"class":101},[50,128838,425],{"class":64},[50,128840,128296],{"class":101},[50,128842,98],{"class":64},[50,128844,811],{"class":604},[50,128846,79318],{"class":608},[50,128848,811],{"class":604},[50,128850,5440],{"class":64},[50,128852,128590],{"class":129},[50,128854,128855,128857,128859,128861,128863,128865,128867,128869,128871,128873,128875,128877,128879],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,128856,118],{"class":94},[50,128858,98],{"class":64},[50,128860,718],{"class":101},[50,128862,425],{"class":64},[50,128864,128296],{"class":101},[50,128866,98],{"class":64},[50,128868,811],{"class":604},[50,128870,79318],{"class":608},[50,128872,811],{"class":604},[50,128874,72],{"class":64},[50,128876,375],{"class":68},[50,128878,5440],{"class":64},[50,128880,128881],{"class":129},"     # 14\n",[50,128883,128884,128886,128888,128890,128892,128894,128896,128898,128900,128902,128904,128906,128908,128910,128912],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,128885,118],{"class":94},[50,128887,98],{"class":64},[50,128889,718],{"class":101},[50,128891,425],{"class":64},[50,128893,128296],{"class":101},[50,128895,98],{"class":64},[50,128897,811],{"class":604},[50,128899,79318],{"class":608},[50,128901,811],{"class":604},[50,128903,72],{"class":64},[50,128905,3914],{"class":68},[50,128907,72],{"class":64},[50,128909,6071],{"class":68},[50,128911,5440],{"class":64},[50,128913,51005],{"class":129},[50,128915,128916,128918,128920,128922,128924,128926,128928,128930,128932,128934,128936,128938,128940,128942,128944],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,128917,118],{"class":94},[50,128919,98],{"class":64},[50,128921,718],{"class":101},[50,128923,425],{"class":64},[50,128925,128296],{"class":101},[50,128927,98],{"class":64},[50,128929,811],{"class":604},[50,128931,79318],{"class":608},[50,128933,811],{"class":604},[50,128935,72],{"class":64},[50,128937,3914],{"class":68},[50,128939,72],{"class":64},[50,128941,2554],{"class":68},[50,128943,5440],{"class":64},[50,128945,128652],{"class":129},[20,128947,128948],{},"This is useful when you only want to search inside part of a string before slicing or processing it further.",[20,128950,128951,128952,55138,128956,425],{},"If you want to split text after finding a separator, see ",[421,128953,128955],{"href":128954},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to split a string in Python",[421,128957,128959,128961],{"href":128958},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method\u002F",[15,128960,60596],{}," string method",[36,128963,123918],{"id":123917},[20,128965,128966,123729],{},[15,128967,124266],{},[20,128969,127316,128970,4472,128972,128974],{},[15,128971,90460],{},[15,128973,64595],{}," are treated as different text.",[41,128976,128978],{"className":43,"code":128977,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"Hello\"))  # 0\nprint(text.find(\"hello\"))  # -1\n",[15,128979,128980,128993,128997,129021],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,128981,128982,128984,128986,128988,128991],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,128983,695],{"class":56},[50,128985,61],{"class":60},[50,128987,700],{"class":604},[50,128989,128990],{"class":608},"Hello World",[50,128992,705],{"class":604},[50,128994,128995],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,128996,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,128998,128999,129001,129003,129005,129007,129009,129011,129013,129015,129017,129019],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,129000,118],{"class":94},[50,129002,98],{"class":64},[50,129004,718],{"class":101},[50,129006,425],{"class":64},[50,129008,128296],{"class":101},[50,129010,98],{"class":64},[50,129012,811],{"class":604},[50,129014,34937],{"class":608},[50,129016,811],{"class":604},[50,129018,5440],{"class":64},[50,129020,51316],{"class":129},[50,129022,129023,129025,129027,129029,129031,129033,129035,129037,129039,129041,129043],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,129024,118],{"class":94},[50,129026,98],{"class":64},[50,129028,718],{"class":101},[50,129030,425],{"class":64},[50,129032,128296],{"class":101},[50,129034,98],{"class":64},[50,129036,811],{"class":604},[50,129038,3926],{"class":608},[50,129040,811],{"class":604},[50,129042,5440],{"class":64},[50,129044,128652],{"class":129},[20,129046,129047],{},"If you want a case-insensitive search, convert both values to the same case first.",[41,129049,129051],{"className":43,"code":129050,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower().find(\"hello\"))  # 0\n",[15,129052,129053,129065,129069],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,129054,129055,129057,129059,129061,129063],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,129056,695],{"class":56},[50,129058,61],{"class":60},[50,129060,700],{"class":604},[50,129062,128990],{"class":608},[50,129064,705],{"class":604},[50,129066,129067],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,129068,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,129070,129071,129073,129075,129077,129079,129081,129083,129085,129087,129089,129091,129093,129095],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,129072,118],{"class":94},[50,129074,98],{"class":64},[50,129076,718],{"class":101},[50,129078,425],{"class":64},[50,129080,1401],{"class":101},[50,129082,8717],{"class":64},[50,129084,128296],{"class":101},[50,129086,98],{"class":64},[50,129088,811],{"class":604},[50,129090,3926],{"class":608},[50,129092,811],{"class":604},[50,129094,5440],{"class":64},[50,129096,51316],{"class":129},[36,129098,129100,1467,129102],{"id":129099},"find-vs-index",[15,129101,124266],{},[15,129103,59035],{},[20,129105,129106,4472,129108,129110],{},[15,129107,124266],{},[15,129109,59035],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the substring is missing.",[158,129112,129113,129119],{},[161,129114,129115,2494,129117],{},[15,129116,124266],{},[15,129118,65915],{},[161,129120,129121,52564,129123],{},[15,129122,59035],{},[15,129124,40773],{},[20,129126,920,129127,129129],{},[15,129128,124266],{}," when missing text is normal.",[20,129131,920,129132,129134],{},[15,129133,59035],{}," when the value must exist.",[41,129136,129138],{"className":43,"code":129137,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))   # -1\n",[15,129139,129140,129152,129156],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,129141,129142,129144,129146,129148,129150],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,129143,695],{"class":56},[50,129145,61],{"class":60},[50,129147,700],{"class":604},[50,129149,3926],{"class":608},[50,129151,705],{"class":604},[50,129153,129154],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,129155,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,129157,129158,129160,129162,129164,129166,129168,129170,129172,129174,129176,129178],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,129159,118],{"class":94},[50,129161,98],{"class":64},[50,129163,718],{"class":101},[50,129165,425],{"class":64},[50,129167,128296],{"class":101},[50,129169,98],{"class":64},[50,129171,811],{"class":604},[50,129173,2273],{"class":608},[50,129175,811],{"class":604},[50,129177,5440],{"class":64},[50,129179,129180],{"class":129},"   # -1\n",[41,129182,129184],{"className":43,"code":129183,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"x\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,129185,129186,129198,129202],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,129187,129188,129190,129192,129194,129196],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,129189,695],{"class":56},[50,129191,61],{"class":60},[50,129193,700],{"class":604},[50,129195,3926],{"class":608},[50,129197,705],{"class":604},[50,129199,129200],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,129201,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,129203,129204,129206,129208,129210,129212,129214,129216,129218,129220,129222,129224],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,129205,118],{"class":94},[50,129207,98],{"class":64},[50,129209,718],{"class":101},[50,129211,425],{"class":64},[50,129213,35915],{"class":101},[50,129215,98],{"class":64},[50,129217,811],{"class":604},[50,129219,2273],{"class":608},[50,129221,811],{"class":604},[50,129223,5440],{"class":64},[50,129225,129226],{"class":129},"  # ValueError\n",[20,129228,129229,129230,129234,129235,129237,129238,425],{},"If you want to learn the difference in more detail, see the ",[421,129231,129232,128961],{"href":124291},[15,129233,59035],{},". If your code crashes because of ",[15,129236,59035],{},", read ",[421,129239,25748,129240],{"href":73543},[15,129241,129242],{},"ValueError: substring not found",[36,129244,41115],{"id":41114},[20,129246,35475,129247,129249],{},[15,129248,124266],{}," for simple string search tasks like these:",[158,129251,129252,129255,129258,129261],{},[161,129253,129254],{},"Check whether part of a string exists",[161,129256,129257],{},"Get the position of a word",[161,129259,129260],{},"Find separators like commas, colons, or spaces",[161,129262,129263],{},"Search before slicing a string",[20,129265,129266],{},"Example: finding a colon before slicing",[41,129268,129270],{"className":43,"code":129269,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"name:Alice\"\ncolon_pos = text.find(\":\")\n\nif colon_pos != -1:\n    label = text[:colon_pos]\n    value = text[colon_pos + 1:]\n    print(label)  # name\n    print(value)  # Alice\n",[15,129271,129272,129285,129308,129312,129327,129343,129362,129376],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,129273,129274,129276,129278,129280,129283],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,129275,695],{"class":56},[50,129277,61],{"class":60},[50,129279,700],{"class":604},[50,129281,129282],{"class":608},"name:Alice",[50,129284,705],{"class":604},[50,129286,129287,129290,129292,129294,129296,129298,129300,129302,129304,129306],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,129288,129289],{"class":56},"colon_pos ",[50,129291,61],{"class":60},[50,129293,42910],{"class":56},[50,129295,425],{"class":64},[50,129297,128296],{"class":101},[50,129299,98],{"class":64},[50,129301,811],{"class":604},[50,129303,819],{"class":608},[50,129305,811],{"class":604},[50,129307,105],{"class":64},[50,129309,129310],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,129311,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,129313,129314,129316,129319,129321,129323,129325],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,129315,7076],{"class":3957},[50,129317,129318],{"class":56}," colon_pos ",[50,129320,72653],{"class":60},[50,129322,2321],{"class":60},[50,129324,366],{"class":68},[50,129326,6470],{"class":64},[50,129328,129329,129332,129334,129336,129338,129341],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,129330,129331],{"class":56},"    label ",[50,129333,61],{"class":60},[50,129335,42910],{"class":56},[50,129337,75590],{"class":64},[50,129339,129340],{"class":56},"colon_pos",[50,129342,83],{"class":64},[50,129344,129345,129347,129349,129351,129353,129355,129357,129359],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,129346,27470],{"class":56},[50,129348,61],{"class":60},[50,129350,42910],{"class":56},[50,129352,363],{"class":64},[50,129354,129289],{"class":56},[50,129356,2161],{"class":60},[50,129358,75],{"class":68},[50,129360,129361],{"class":64},":]\n",[50,129363,129364,129366,129368,129371,129373],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,129365,8148],{"class":94},[50,129367,98],{"class":64},[50,129369,129370],{"class":101},"label",[50,129372,126],{"class":64},[50,129374,129375],{"class":129},"  # name\n",[50,129377,129378,129380,129382,129384,129386],{"class":52,"line":6503},[50,129379,8148],{"class":94},[50,129381,98],{"class":64},[50,129383,2570],{"class":101},[50,129385,126],{"class":64},[50,129387,129388],{"class":129},"  # Alice\n",[20,129390,129391,129392,425],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, you may also want to read ",[421,129393,127307],{"href":123526},[36,129395,1743],{"id":1742},[20,129397,129398,129399,819],{},"These are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,129400,124266],{},[158,129402,129403,129412,129418,129423,129429],{},[161,129404,8532,129405,8535,129407,2976,129409,129411],{},[15,129406,124266],{},[15,129408,247],{},[15,129410,218],{}," instead of an index",[161,129413,129414,129415,129417],{},"Forgetting that the method returns ",[15,129416,65915],{}," when the substring is missing",[161,129419,914,129420,129422],{},[15,129421,124266],{}," without handling case differences",[161,129424,37273,129425,8784,129427],{},[15,129426,124266],{},[15,129428,59035],{},[161,129430,1748,129431,129433],{},[15,129432,124266],{}," changes the string",[20,129435,129436],{},"Example of a mistake:",[41,129438,129440],{"className":43,"code":129439,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\"):\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,129441,129442,129454,129458,129478,129493,129499],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,129443,129444,129446,129448,129450,129452],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,129445,695],{"class":56},[50,129447,61],{"class":60},[50,129449,700],{"class":604},[50,129451,3926],{"class":608},[50,129453,705],{"class":604},[50,129455,129456],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,129457,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,129459,129460,129462,129464,129466,129468,129470,129472,129474,129476],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,129461,7076],{"class":3957},[50,129463,42910],{"class":56},[50,129465,425],{"class":64},[50,129467,128296],{"class":101},[50,129469,98],{"class":64},[50,129471,811],{"class":604},[50,129473,736],{"class":608},[50,129475,811],{"class":604},[50,129477,8421],{"class":64},[50,129479,129480,129482,129484,129486,129489,129491],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,129481,8148],{"class":94},[50,129483,98],{"class":64},[50,129485,811],{"class":604},[50,129487,129488],{"class":608},"Found",[50,129490,811],{"class":604},[50,129492,105],{"class":64},[50,129494,129495,129497],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,129496,27503],{"class":3957},[50,129498,6470],{"class":64},[50,129500,129501,129503,129505,129507,129509,129511],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,129502,8148],{"class":94},[50,129504,98],{"class":64},[50,129506,811],{"class":604},[50,129508,26384],{"class":608},[50,129510,811],{"class":604},[50,129512,105],{"class":64},[20,129514,99956],{},[41,129516,129518],{"className":43,"code":129517,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Not found\n",[15,129519,129520],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,129521,129522],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,129523,129517],{"class":56},[20,129525,45773,129526,129529,129530,17144,129532,129534,129535,129537],{},[15,129527,129528],{},"\"h\""," is found at index ",[15,129531,2220],{},[15,129533,2220],{}," is treated as false in an ",[15,129536,7076],{}," statement.",[20,129539,129540],{},"A safer version is:",[41,129542,129544],{"className":43,"code":129543,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\") != -1:\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,129545,129546,129558,129562,129591,129605,129611],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,129547,129548,129550,129552,129554,129556],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,129549,695],{"class":56},[50,129551,61],{"class":60},[50,129553,700],{"class":604},[50,129555,3926],{"class":608},[50,129557,705],{"class":604},[50,129559,129560],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,129561,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,129563,129564,129566,129568,129570,129572,129574,129576,129578,129580,129582,129585,129587,129589],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,129565,7076],{"class":3957},[50,129567,42910],{"class":56},[50,129569,425],{"class":64},[50,129571,128296],{"class":101},[50,129573,98],{"class":64},[50,129575,811],{"class":604},[50,129577,736],{"class":608},[50,129579,811],{"class":604},[50,129581,126],{"class":64},[50,129583,129584],{"class":60}," !=",[50,129586,2321],{"class":60},[50,129588,366],{"class":68},[50,129590,6470],{"class":64},[50,129592,129593,129595,129597,129599,129601,129603],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,129594,8148],{"class":94},[50,129596,98],{"class":64},[50,129598,811],{"class":604},[50,129600,129488],{"class":608},[50,129602,811],{"class":604},[50,129604,105],{"class":64},[50,129606,129607,129609],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,129608,27503],{"class":3957},[50,129610,6470],{"class":64},[50,129612,129613,129615,129617,129619,129621,129623],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,129614,8148],{"class":94},[50,129616,98],{"class":64},[50,129618,811],{"class":604},[50,129620,26384],{"class":608},[50,129622,811],{"class":604},[50,129624,105],{"class":64},[20,129626,129627],{},"You can also debug string search problems with simple checks like these:",[41,129629,129631],{"className":43,"code":129630,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(text.find('word'))\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.lower().find('word'))\nprint(len(text))\nprint(text.find('word', start, end))\n",[15,129632,129633,129655,129669,129695,129709],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,129634,129635,129637,129639,129641,129643,129645,129647,129649,129651,129653],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,129636,118],{"class":94},[50,129638,98],{"class":64},[50,129640,718],{"class":101},[50,129642,425],{"class":64},[50,129644,128296],{"class":101},[50,129646,98],{"class":64},[50,129648,611],{"class":604},[50,129650,38459],{"class":608},[50,129652,611],{"class":604},[50,129654,478],{"class":64},[50,129656,129657,129659,129661,129663,129665,129667],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,129658,118],{"class":94},[50,129660,98],{"class":64},[50,129662,41849],{"class":94},[50,129664,98],{"class":64},[50,129666,718],{"class":101},[50,129668,478],{"class":64},[50,129670,129671,129673,129675,129677,129679,129681,129683,129685,129687,129689,129691,129693],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,129672,118],{"class":94},[50,129674,98],{"class":64},[50,129676,718],{"class":101},[50,129678,425],{"class":64},[50,129680,1401],{"class":101},[50,129682,8717],{"class":64},[50,129684,128296],{"class":101},[50,129686,98],{"class":64},[50,129688,611],{"class":604},[50,129690,38459],{"class":608},[50,129692,611],{"class":604},[50,129694,478],{"class":64},[50,129696,129697,129699,129701,129703,129705,129707],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,129698,118],{"class":94},[50,129700,98],{"class":64},[50,129702,1267],{"class":94},[50,129704,98],{"class":64},[50,129706,718],{"class":101},[50,129708,478],{"class":64},[50,129710,129711,129713,129715,129717,129719,129721,129723,129725,129727,129729,129731,129733,129735,129737],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,129712,118],{"class":94},[50,129714,98],{"class":64},[50,129716,718],{"class":101},[50,129718,425],{"class":64},[50,129720,128296],{"class":101},[50,129722,98],{"class":64},[50,129724,611],{"class":604},[50,129726,38459],{"class":608},[50,129728,611],{"class":604},[50,129730,72],{"class":64},[50,129732,36121],{"class":101},[50,129734,72],{"class":64},[50,129736,65101],{"class":101},[50,129738,478],{"class":64},[20,129740,129741],{},"These help you check:",[158,129743,129744,129749,129754,129759,129762],{},[161,129745,129746,129747],{},"The actual result from ",[15,129748,124266],{},[161,129750,129751,129752],{},"Hidden spaces or newline characters with ",[15,129753,122485],{},[161,129755,129756,129757],{},"Case differences with ",[15,129758,124001],{},[161,129760,129761],{},"The string length",[161,129763,129764,129765,4472,129767,129769],{},"Whether your ",[15,129766,36142],{},[15,129768,52730],{}," values are correct",[36,129771,1913],{"id":1912},[222,129773,129775,129776,129778],{"id":129774},"what-does-python-string-find-return-if-the-text-is-not-found","What does Python string ",[15,129777,124266],{}," return if the text is not found?",[20,129780,5227,129781,425],{},[15,129782,65915],{},[222,129784,1917,129786,129788],{"id":129785},"does-find-return-the-first-match-or-all-matches",[15,129787,124266],{}," return the first match or all matches?",[20,129790,129791],{},"It returns the index of the first match only.",[222,129793,129795,129796,124607],{"id":129794},"is-python-find-case-sensitive","Is Python ",[15,129797,124266],{},[20,129799,129800],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are treated as different.",[222,129802,5258,129804,4472,129806,69716],{"id":129803},"what-is-the-difference-between-find-and-index-in-python",[15,129805,124266],{},[15,129807,59035],{},[20,129809,129810,2494,129812,129814,129815,52564,129817,425],{},[15,129811,124266],{},[15,129813,65915],{}," if not found, while ",[15,129816,59035],{},[15,129818,40773],{},[222,129820,28398,129822,129824],{"id":129821},"can-i-use-find-to-search-only-part-of-a-string",[15,129823,124266],{}," to search only part of a string?",[20,129826,129827,129828,4472,129830,66214],{},"Yes. Use the optional ",[15,129829,36142],{},[15,129831,52730],{},[36,129833,1975],{"id":1974},[158,129835,129836,129842,129848,129855,129861,129868,129872,129877],{},[161,129837,129838],{},[421,129839,126271,129840,10816],{"href":124291},[15,129841,59035],{},[161,129843,129844],{},[421,129845,126271,129846,10816],{"href":128958},[15,129847,60596],{},[161,129849,129850],{},[421,129851,126271,129853,10816],{"href":129852},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method\u002F",[15,129854,124442],{},[161,129856,129857],{},[421,129858,126271,129859,10816],{"href":127636},[15,129860,127639],{},[161,129862,129863],{},[421,129864,126271,129866,10816],{"href":129865},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method\u002F",[15,129867,126329],{},[161,129869,129870],{},[421,129871,124670],{"href":123526},[161,129873,129874],{},[421,129875,129876],{"href":128954},"How to split a string in Python",[161,129878,129879],{},[421,129880,26191,129881],{"href":73543},[15,129882,129242],{},[2018,129884,129885],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":129887},[129888,129890,129893,129894,129895,129896,129898,129899,129900,129912],{"id":128372,"depth":86,"text":129889},"What find() does",{"id":180,"depth":86,"text":181,"children":129891},[129892],{"id":224,"depth":108,"text":225},{"id":38089,"depth":86,"text":38090},{"id":65467,"depth":86,"text":66250},{"id":123917,"depth":86,"text":123918},{"id":129099,"depth":86,"text":129897},"find() vs index()",{"id":41114,"depth":86,"text":41115},{"id":1742,"depth":86,"text":1743},{"id":1912,"depth":86,"text":1913,"children":129901},[129902,129904,129906,129908,129910],{"id":129774,"depth":108,"text":129903},"What does Python string find() return if the text is not found?",{"id":129785,"depth":108,"text":129905},"Does find() return the first match or all matches?",{"id":129794,"depth":108,"text":129907},"Is Python find() case-sensitive?",{"id":129803,"depth":108,"text":129909},"What is the difference between find() and index() in Python?",{"id":129821,"depth":108,"text":129911},"Can I use find() to search only part of a string?",{"id":1974,"depth":86,"text":1975},"Master python string find method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method",{"title":128244,"description":129913},"reference\u002Fpython-string-find-method","_aPlkKFn8WjvuACbSbsUyVsOgHW4RFMjM8HcjwccooM",{"id":129920,"title":129921,"body":129922,"description":131848,"extension":2064,"meta":131849,"navigation":111,"path":131850,"seo":131851,"stem":131852,"__hash__":131853},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method.md","Python String format() Method",{"type":7,"value":129923,"toc":131816},[129924,129929,129934,129937,129939,130015,130019,130047,130055,130059,130064,130068,130085,130087,130154,130158,130180,130188,130190,130193,130217,130220,130234,130236,130321,130325,130337,130340,130344,130350,130400,130404,130421,130430,130433,130441,130444,130493,130497,130522,130525,130580,130584,130596,130602,130606,130612,130617,130684,130688,130714,130717,130728,130730,130797,130801,130826,130833,130837,130842,130849,130857,130859,130911,130915,130933,130935,130980,130984,130999,131002,131012,131019,131021,131025,131028,131039,131041,131101,131105,131133,131136,131142,131147,131150,131154,131198,131201,131239,131242,131250,131252,131257,131261,131264,131312,131315,131318,131374,131378,131383,131386,131435,131437,131486,131492,131497,131499,131546,131550,131563,131565,131616,131622,131625,131629,131632,131638,131643,131645,131648,131720,131723,131740,131742,131747,131750,131754,131760,131766,131773,131779,131785,131787,131813],[10,129925,123271,129927,11397],{"id":129926},"python-string-format-method",[15,129928,126274],{},[20,129930,123276,129931,129933],{},[15,129932,126274],{}," method inserts values into a string by replacing placeholders.",[20,129935,129936],{},"It is a useful way to build readable messages without joining many strings together by hand.",[36,129938,2105],{"id":2104},[41,129940,129942],{"className":43,"code":129941,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 12\n\nmessage = \"My name is {} and I am {} years old.\".format(name, age)\nprint(message)\n",[15,129943,129944,129956,129964,129968,130005],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,129945,129946,129948,129950,129952,129954],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,129947,7955],{"class":56},[50,129949,61],{"class":60},[50,129951,700],{"class":604},[50,129953,11583],{"class":608},[50,129955,705],{"class":604},[50,129957,129958,129960,129962],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,129959,21697],{"class":56},[50,129961,61],{"class":60},[50,129963,88841],{"class":68},[50,129965,129966],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,129967,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,129969,129970,129972,129974,129976,129979,129981,129984,129986,129988,129990,129992,129995,129997,129999,130001,130003],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,129971,90049],{"class":56},[50,129973,61],{"class":60},[50,129975,700],{"class":604},[50,129977,129978],{"class":608},"My name is ",[50,129980,3873],{"class":68},[50,129982,129983],{"class":608}," and I am ",[50,129985,3873],{"class":68},[50,129987,122267],{"class":608},[50,129989,811],{"class":604},[50,129991,425],{"class":64},[50,129993,129994],{"class":101},"format",[50,129996,98],{"class":64},[50,129998,814],{"class":101},[50,130000,72],{"class":64},[50,130002,9268],{"class":101},[50,130004,105],{"class":64},[50,130006,130007,130009,130011,130013],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,130008,118],{"class":94},[50,130010,98],{"class":64},[50,130012,90066],{"class":101},[50,130014,105],{"class":64},[20,130016,130017],{},[3824,130018,353],{},[41,130020,130022],{"className":43,"code":130021,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"My name is Maya and I am 12 years old.\n",[15,130023,130024],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,130025,130026,130029,130031,130034,130037,130040,130043,130045],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,130027,130028],{"class":56},"My name ",[50,130030,12268],{"class":60},[50,130032,130033],{"class":56}," Maya ",[50,130035,130036],{"class":60},"and",[50,130038,130039],{"class":56}," I am ",[50,130041,130042],{"class":68},"12",[50,130044,122300],{"class":56},[50,130046,122303],{"class":64},[20,130048,920,130049,130051,130052,130054],{},[15,130050,3873],{}," as placeholders, then pass values to ",[15,130053,126274],{}," in the same order.",[20,130056,125023,130057,425],{},[421,130058,125026],{"href":51045},[36,130060,13069,130062,13072],{"id":130061},"what-the-format-method-does",[15,130063,126274],{},[20,130065,1185,130066,11488],{},[15,130067,126274],{},[158,130069,130070,130073,130079,130082],{},[161,130071,130072],{},"inserts values into a string",[161,130074,130075,130076,130078],{},"replaces placeholders like ",[15,130077,3873],{}," with given values",[161,130080,130081],{},"returns a new string",[161,130083,130084],{},"does not change the original string",[20,130086,1602],{},[41,130088,130090],{"className":43,"code":130089,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\nnew_text = text.format(\"Sam\")\n\nprint(new_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,130091,130092,130106,130129,130133,130144],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,130093,130094,130096,130098,130100,130102,130104],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,130095,695],{"class":56},[50,130097,61],{"class":60},[50,130099,700],{"class":604},[50,130101,44971],{"class":608},[50,130103,3873],{"class":68},[50,130105,705],{"class":604},[50,130107,130108,130111,130113,130115,130117,130119,130121,130123,130125,130127],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,130109,130110],{"class":56},"new_text ",[50,130112,61],{"class":60},[50,130114,42910],{"class":56},[50,130116,425],{"class":64},[50,130118,129994],{"class":101},[50,130120,98],{"class":64},[50,130122,811],{"class":604},[50,130124,7756],{"class":608},[50,130126,811],{"class":604},[50,130128,105],{"class":64},[50,130130,130131],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,130132,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,130134,130135,130137,130139,130142],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,130136,118],{"class":94},[50,130138,98],{"class":64},[50,130140,130141],{"class":101},"new_text",[50,130143,105],{"class":64},[50,130145,130146,130148,130150,130152],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,130147,118],{"class":94},[50,130149,98],{"class":64},[50,130151,718],{"class":101},[50,130153,105],{"class":64},[20,130155,130156],{},[3824,130157,353],{},[41,130159,130161],{"className":43,"code":130160,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Hello, Sam\nHello, {}\n",[15,130162,130163,130172],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,130164,130165,130167,130169],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,130166,34937],{"class":56},[50,130168,72],{"class":64},[50,130170,130171],{"class":56}," Sam\n",[50,130173,130174,130176,130178],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,130175,34937],{"class":56},[50,130177,72],{"class":64},[50,130179,9916],{"class":64},[20,130181,2384,130182,130184,130185,130187],{},[15,130183,718],{}," stays the same. ",[15,130186,126274],{}," creates and returns a new string.",[36,130189,181],{"id":180},[20,130191,130192],{},"The general form is:",[41,130194,130196],{"className":43,"code":130195,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"\"text {}\".format(value)\n",[15,130197,130198],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,130199,130200,130202,130205,130207,130209,130211,130213,130215],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,130201,811],{"class":43397},[50,130203,130204],{"class":43401},"text {}",[50,130206,811],{"class":43397},[50,130208,425],{"class":64},[50,130210,129994],{"class":101},[50,130212,98],{"class":64},[50,130214,2570],{"class":101},[50,130216,105],{"class":64},[20,130218,130219],{},"Key idea:",[158,130221,130222,130228,130231],{},[161,130223,130224,130225,130227],{},"each ",[15,130226,3873],{}," is a placeholder",[161,130229,130230],{},"values are inserted from left to right by default",[161,130232,130233],{},"the number of placeholders should match the values you pass",[20,130235,1602],{},[41,130237,130239],{"className":43,"code":130238,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"animal = \"cat\"\nsound = \"meow\"\n\nsentence = \"The {} says {}.\".format(animal, sound)\nprint(sentence)\n",[15,130240,130241,130254,130268,130272,130310],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,130242,130243,130246,130248,130250,130252],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,130244,130245],{"class":56},"animal ",[50,130247,61],{"class":60},[50,130249,700],{"class":604},[50,130251,37116],{"class":608},[50,130253,705],{"class":604},[50,130255,130256,130259,130261,130263,130266],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,130257,130258],{"class":56},"sound ",[50,130260,61],{"class":60},[50,130262,700],{"class":604},[50,130264,130265],{"class":608},"meow",[50,130267,705],{"class":604},[50,130269,130270],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,130271,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,130273,130274,130277,130279,130281,130283,130285,130288,130290,130292,130294,130296,130298,130300,130303,130305,130308],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,130275,130276],{"class":56},"sentence ",[50,130278,61],{"class":60},[50,130280,700],{"class":604},[50,130282,1185],{"class":608},[50,130284,3873],{"class":68},[50,130286,130287],{"class":608}," says ",[50,130289,3873],{"class":68},[50,130291,425],{"class":608},[50,130293,811],{"class":604},[50,130295,425],{"class":64},[50,130297,129994],{"class":101},[50,130299,98],{"class":64},[50,130301,130302],{"class":101},"animal",[50,130304,72],{"class":64},[50,130306,130307],{"class":101}," sound",[50,130309,105],{"class":64},[50,130311,130312,130314,130316,130319],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,130313,118],{"class":94},[50,130315,98],{"class":64},[50,130317,130318],{"class":101},"sentence",[50,130320,105],{"class":64},[20,130322,130323],{},[3824,130324,353],{},[41,130326,130328],{"className":43,"code":130327,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"The cat says meow.\n",[15,130329,130330],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,130331,130332,130335],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,130333,130334],{"class":56},"The cat says meow",[50,130336,122303],{"class":64},[20,130338,130339],{},"You can print the result directly, or save it in a variable first.",[36,130341,130343],{"id":130342},"using-positional-placeholders","Using positional placeholders",[20,130345,130346,130347,130349],{},"You can use empty braces ",[15,130348,3873],{}," for simple left-to-right replacement.",[41,130351,130353],{"className":43,"code":130352,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(\"I like {} and {}.\".format(\"pizza\", \"pasta\"))\n",[15,130354,130355],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,130356,130357,130359,130361,130363,130366,130368,130370,130372,130374,130376,130378,130380,130382,130384,130387,130389,130391,130393,130396,130398],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,130358,118],{"class":94},[50,130360,98],{"class":64},[50,130362,811],{"class":604},[50,130364,130365],{"class":608},"I like ",[50,130367,3873],{"class":68},[50,130369,4472],{"class":608},[50,130371,3873],{"class":68},[50,130373,425],{"class":608},[50,130375,811],{"class":604},[50,130377,425],{"class":64},[50,130379,129994],{"class":101},[50,130381,98],{"class":64},[50,130383,811],{"class":604},[50,130385,130386],{"class":608},"pizza",[50,130388,811],{"class":604},[50,130390,72],{"class":64},[50,130392,700],{"class":604},[50,130394,130395],{"class":608},"pasta",[50,130397,811],{"class":604},[50,130399,478],{"class":64},[20,130401,130402],{},[3824,130403,353],{},[41,130405,130407],{"className":43,"code":130406,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"I like pizza and pasta.\n",[15,130408,130409],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,130410,130411,130414,130416,130419],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,130412,130413],{"class":56},"I like pizza ",[50,130415,130036],{"class":60},[50,130417,130418],{"class":56}," pasta",[50,130420,122303],{"class":64},[20,130422,130423,130424,4472,130427,425],{},"You can also use numbered placeholders like ",[15,130425,130426],{},"{0}",[15,130428,130429],{},"{1}",[20,130431,130432],{},"This is helpful when:",[158,130434,130435,130438],{},[161,130436,130437],{},"you want to reuse a value",[161,130439,130440],{},"you want to change the order",[20,130442,130443],{},"Example with reused values:",[41,130445,130447],{"className":43,"code":130446,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"{0} is learning Python. {0} likes coding.\".format(\"Lina\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130448,130449,130483],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,130450,130451,130453,130455,130457,130459,130462,130464,130467,130469,130471,130473,130475,130477,130479,130481],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,130452,695],{"class":56},[50,130454,61],{"class":60},[50,130456,700],{"class":604},[50,130458,130426],{"class":68},[50,130460,130461],{"class":608}," is learning Python. ",[50,130463,130426],{"class":68},[50,130465,130466],{"class":608}," likes coding.",[50,130468,811],{"class":604},[50,130470,425],{"class":64},[50,130472,129994],{"class":101},[50,130474,98],{"class":64},[50,130476,811],{"class":604},[50,130478,19952],{"class":608},[50,130480,811],{"class":604},[50,130482,105],{"class":64},[50,130484,130485,130487,130489,130491],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,130486,118],{"class":94},[50,130488,98],{"class":64},[50,130490,718],{"class":101},[50,130492,105],{"class":64},[20,130494,130495],{},[3824,130496,353],{},[41,130498,130500],{"className":43,"code":130499,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Lina is learning Python. Lina likes coding.\n",[15,130501,130502],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,130503,130504,130507,130509,130512,130514,130517,130520],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,130505,130506],{"class":56},"Lina ",[50,130508,12268],{"class":60},[50,130510,130511],{"class":56}," learning Python",[50,130513,425],{"class":64},[50,130515,130516],{"class":1400}," Lina",[50,130518,130519],{"class":56}," likes coding",[50,130521,122303],{"class":64},[20,130523,130524],{},"Example with changed order:",[41,130526,130528],{"className":43,"code":130527,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"{1} comes after {0}.\".format(\"one\", \"two\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130529,130530,130570],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,130531,130532,130534,130536,130538,130540,130542,130544,130546,130548,130550,130552,130554,130556,130558,130560,130562,130564,130566,130568],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,130533,695],{"class":56},[50,130535,61],{"class":60},[50,130537,700],{"class":604},[50,130539,130429],{"class":68},[50,130541,83370],{"class":608},[50,130543,130426],{"class":68},[50,130545,425],{"class":608},[50,130547,811],{"class":604},[50,130549,425],{"class":64},[50,130551,129994],{"class":101},[50,130553,98],{"class":64},[50,130555,811],{"class":604},[50,130557,6663],{"class":608},[50,130559,811],{"class":604},[50,130561,72],{"class":64},[50,130563,700],{"class":604},[50,130565,79318],{"class":608},[50,130567,811],{"class":604},[50,130569,105],{"class":64},[50,130571,130572,130574,130576,130578],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,130573,118],{"class":94},[50,130575,98],{"class":64},[50,130577,718],{"class":101},[50,130579,105],{"class":64},[20,130581,130582],{},[3824,130583,353],{},[41,130585,130587],{"className":43,"code":130586,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"two comes after one.\n",[15,130588,130589],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,130590,130591,130594],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,130592,130593],{"class":56},"two comes after one",[50,130595,122303],{"class":64},[20,130597,130598,130599,130601],{},"Numbered placeholders work, but for beginners, plain ",[15,130600,3873],{}," is often easier to read unless you need to reuse values.",[36,130603,130605],{"id":130604},"using-named-placeholders","Using named placeholders",[20,130607,130608,130609,425],{},"Named placeholders look like ",[15,130610,130611],{},"{name}",[20,130613,130614,130615,819],{},"You pass matching names into ",[15,130616,126274],{},[41,130618,130620],{"className":43,"code":130619,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"My name is {name} and I live in {city}.\".format(name=\"Ana\", city=\"Lima\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130621,130622,130674],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,130623,130624,130626,130628,130630,130632,130634,130637,130640,130642,130644,130646,130648,130650,130652,130654,130656,130658,130660,130662,130664,130666,130668,130670,130672],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,130625,695],{"class":56},[50,130627,61],{"class":60},[50,130629,700],{"class":604},[50,130631,129978],{"class":608},[50,130633,130611],{"class":68},[50,130635,130636],{"class":608}," and I live in ",[50,130638,130639],{"class":68},"{city}",[50,130641,425],{"class":608},[50,130643,811],{"class":604},[50,130645,425],{"class":64},[50,130647,129994],{"class":101},[50,130649,98],{"class":64},[50,130651,814],{"class":201},[50,130653,61],{"class":60},[50,130655,811],{"class":604},[50,130657,824],{"class":608},[50,130659,811],{"class":604},[50,130661,72],{"class":64},[50,130663,31454],{"class":201},[50,130665,61],{"class":60},[50,130667,811],{"class":604},[50,130669,856],{"class":608},[50,130671,811],{"class":604},[50,130673,105],{"class":64},[50,130675,130676,130678,130680,130682],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,130677,118],{"class":94},[50,130679,98],{"class":64},[50,130681,718],{"class":101},[50,130683,105],{"class":64},[20,130685,130686],{},[3824,130687,353],{},[41,130689,130691],{"className":43,"code":130690,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"My name is Ana and I live in Lima.\n",[15,130692,130693],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,130694,130695,130697,130699,130702,130704,130707,130709,130712],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,130696,130028],{"class":56},[50,130698,12268],{"class":60},[50,130700,130701],{"class":56}," Ana ",[50,130703,130036],{"class":60},[50,130705,130706],{"class":56}," I live ",[50,130708,3964],{"class":60},[50,130710,130711],{"class":56}," Lima",[50,130713,122303],{"class":64},[20,130715,130716],{},"Named placeholders are useful because:",[158,130718,130719,130722,130725],{},[161,130720,130721],{},"they make code easier to read",[161,130723,130724],{},"they help when a string has many values",[161,130726,130727],{},"they reduce confusion about the order",[20,130729,1602],{},[41,130731,130733],{"className":43,"code":130732,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"report = \"Student: {student}, Score: {score}\".format(student=\"Noah\", score=95)\nprint(report)\n",[15,130734,130735,130787],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,130736,130737,130740,130742,130744,130747,130750,130753,130756,130758,130760,130762,130764,130766,130768,130770,130773,130775,130777,130780,130782,130785],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,130738,130739],{"class":56},"report ",[50,130741,61],{"class":60},[50,130743,700],{"class":604},[50,130745,130746],{"class":608},"Student: ",[50,130748,130749],{"class":68},"{student}",[50,130751,130752],{"class":608},", Score: ",[50,130754,130755],{"class":68},"{score}",[50,130757,811],{"class":604},[50,130759,425],{"class":64},[50,130761,129994],{"class":101},[50,130763,98],{"class":64},[50,130765,13699],{"class":201},[50,130767,61],{"class":60},[50,130769,811],{"class":604},[50,130771,130772],{"class":608},"Noah",[50,130774,811],{"class":604},[50,130776,72],{"class":64},[50,130778,130779],{"class":201}," score",[50,130781,61],{"class":60},[50,130783,130784],{"class":68},"95",[50,130786,105],{"class":64},[50,130788,130789,130791,130793,130795],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,130790,118],{"class":94},[50,130792,98],{"class":64},[50,130794,127984],{"class":101},[50,130796,105],{"class":64},[20,130798,130799],{},[3824,130800,353],{},[41,130802,130804],{"className":43,"code":130803,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Student: Noah, Score: 95\n",[15,130805,130806],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,130807,130808,130811,130813,130816,130818,130821,130823],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,130809,130810],{"class":56},"Student",[50,130812,819],{"class":64},[50,130814,130815],{"class":56}," Noah",[50,130817,72],{"class":64},[50,130819,130820],{"class":56}," Score",[50,130822,819],{"class":64},[50,130824,130825],{"class":68}," 95\n",[20,130827,130828,130829,425],{},"If you need to convert a value to text first, see ",[421,130830,13,130831,1461],{"href":42245},[15,130832,47754],{},[36,130834,130836],{"id":130835},"formatting-numbers","Formatting numbers",[20,130838,130839,130841],{},[15,130840,126274],{}," can also control how numbers look.",[20,130843,130844,130845,130848],{},"A common example is ",[15,130846,130847],{},":.2f",", which means:",[158,130850,130851,130854],{},[161,130852,130853],{},"show the value as a floating-point number",[161,130855,130856],{},"keep 2 digits after the decimal point",[20,130858,1602],{},[41,130860,130862],{"className":43,"code":130861,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"price = 3.5\ntext = \"Price: ${:.2f}\".format(price)\nprint(text)\n",[15,130863,130864,130872,130901],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,130865,130866,130868,130870],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,130867,40456],{"class":56},[50,130869,61],{"class":60},[50,130871,49345],{"class":68},[50,130873,130874,130876,130878,130880,130883,130885,130887,130889,130891,130893,130895,130897,130899],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,130875,695],{"class":56},[50,130877,61],{"class":60},[50,130879,700],{"class":604},[50,130881,130882],{"class":608},"Price: $",[50,130884,9357],{"class":68},[50,130886,130847],{"class":600},[50,130888,22372],{"class":68},[50,130890,811],{"class":604},[50,130892,425],{"class":64},[50,130894,129994],{"class":101},[50,130896,98],{"class":64},[50,130898,25218],{"class":101},[50,130900,105],{"class":64},[50,130902,130903,130905,130907,130909],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,130904,118],{"class":94},[50,130906,98],{"class":64},[50,130908,718],{"class":101},[50,130910,105],{"class":64},[20,130912,130913],{},[3824,130914,353],{},[41,130916,130918],{"className":43,"code":130917,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Price: $3.50\n",[15,130919,130920],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,130921,130922,130925,130927,130930],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,130923,130924],{"class":56},"Price",[50,130926,819],{"class":64},[50,130928,130929],{"class":37436}," $",[50,130931,130932],{"class":68},"3.50\n",[20,130934,52149],{},[41,130936,130938],{"className":43,"code":130937,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"average = 91.236\nprint(\"Average: {:.2f}\".format(average))\n",[15,130939,130940,130950],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,130941,130942,130945,130947],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,130943,130944],{"class":56},"average ",[50,130946,61],{"class":60},[50,130948,130949],{"class":68}," 91.236\n",[50,130951,130952,130954,130956,130958,130961,130963,130965,130967,130969,130971,130973,130975,130978],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,130953,118],{"class":94},[50,130955,98],{"class":64},[50,130957,811],{"class":604},[50,130959,130960],{"class":608},"Average: ",[50,130962,9357],{"class":68},[50,130964,130847],{"class":600},[50,130966,22372],{"class":68},[50,130968,811],{"class":604},[50,130970,425],{"class":64},[50,130972,129994],{"class":101},[50,130974,98],{"class":64},[50,130976,130977],{"class":101},"average",[50,130979,478],{"class":64},[20,130981,130982],{},[3824,130983,353],{},[41,130985,130987],{"className":43,"code":130986,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Average: 91.24\n",[15,130988,130989],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,130990,130991,130994,130996],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,130992,130993],{"class":56},"Average",[50,130995,819],{"class":64},[50,130997,130998],{"class":68}," 91.24\n",[20,131000,131001],{},"This is useful for:",[158,131003,131004,131006,131009],{},[161,131005,83128],{},[161,131007,131008],{},"averages",[161,131010,131011],{},"percentages",[20,131013,131014,131015,425],{},"You can print formatted text with the ",[421,131016,13,131017,1596],{"href":46519},[15,131018,46522],{},[36,131020,17488],{"id":17487},[20,131022,131023,92562],{},[15,131024,126274],{},[20,131026,131027],{},"That means you can:",[158,131029,131030,131033,131036],{},[161,131031,131032],{},"save it in a variable",[161,131034,131035],{},"print it directly",[161,131037,131038],{},"use it anywhere a string is needed",[20,131040,1602],{},[41,131042,131044],{"className":43,"code":131043,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"message = \"Hello, {}!\".format(\"Chris\")\nprint(message)\nprint(type(message))\n",[15,131045,131046,131077,131087],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,131047,131048,131050,131052,131054,131056,131058,131060,131062,131064,131066,131068,131070,131073,131075],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,131049,90049],{"class":56},[50,131051,61],{"class":60},[50,131053,700],{"class":604},[50,131055,44971],{"class":608},[50,131057,3873],{"class":68},[50,131059,89890],{"class":608},[50,131061,811],{"class":604},[50,131063,425],{"class":64},[50,131065,129994],{"class":101},[50,131067,98],{"class":64},[50,131069,811],{"class":604},[50,131071,131072],{"class":608},"Chris",[50,131074,811],{"class":604},[50,131076,105],{"class":64},[50,131078,131079,131081,131083,131085],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,131080,118],{"class":94},[50,131082,98],{"class":64},[50,131084,90066],{"class":101},[50,131086,105],{"class":64},[50,131088,131089,131091,131093,131095,131097,131099],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,131090,118],{"class":94},[50,131092,98],{"class":64},[50,131094,558],{"class":557},[50,131096,98],{"class":64},[50,131098,90066],{"class":101},[50,131100,478],{"class":64},[20,131102,131103],{},[3824,131104,353],{},[41,131106,131108],{"className":43,"code":131107,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Hello, Chris!\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,131109,131110,131119],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,131111,131112,131114,131116],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,131113,34937],{"class":56},[50,131115,72],{"class":64},[50,131117,131118],{"class":56}," Chris!\n",[50,131120,131121,131123,131125,131127,131129,131131],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,131122,597],{"class":60},[50,131124,601],{"class":600},[50,131126,605],{"class":604},[50,131128,1395],{"class":608},[50,131130,611],{"class":604},[50,131132,614],{"class":60},[20,131134,131135],{},"The original string is not changed.",[36,131137,131139,131141],{"id":131138},"format-vs-f-strings",[15,131140,126274],{}," vs f-strings",[20,131143,131144,131146],{},[15,131145,126274],{}," is a string method.",[20,131148,131149],{},"Python also has f-strings, which are another way to insert values into strings.",[20,131151,46110,131152,819],{},[15,131153,126274],{},[41,131155,131157],{"className":43,"code":131156,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(\"Hello, {}!\".format(name))\n",[15,131158,131159,131172],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,131160,131161,131163,131165,131167,131170],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,131162,7955],{"class":56},[50,131164,61],{"class":60},[50,131166,700],{"class":604},[50,131168,131169],{"class":608},"Rita",[50,131171,705],{"class":604},[50,131173,131174,131176,131178,131180,131182,131184,131186,131188,131190,131192,131194,131196],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,131175,118],{"class":94},[50,131177,98],{"class":64},[50,131179,811],{"class":604},[50,131181,44971],{"class":608},[50,131183,3873],{"class":68},[50,131185,89890],{"class":608},[50,131187,811],{"class":604},[50,131189,425],{"class":64},[50,131191,129994],{"class":101},[50,131193,98],{"class":64},[50,131195,814],{"class":101},[50,131197,478],{"class":64},[20,131199,131200],{},"Example with an f-string:",[41,131202,131204],{"className":43,"code":131203,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(f\"Hello, {name}!\")\n",[15,131205,131206,131218],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,131207,131208,131210,131212,131214,131216],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,131209,7955],{"class":56},[50,131211,61],{"class":60},[50,131213,700],{"class":604},[50,131215,131169],{"class":608},[50,131217,705],{"class":604},[50,131219,131220,131222,131224,131226,131228,131230,131232,131234,131237],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,131221,118],{"class":94},[50,131223,98],{"class":64},[50,131225,22363],{"class":600},[50,131227,43415],{"class":608},[50,131229,9357],{"class":68},[50,131231,814],{"class":101},[50,131233,22372],{"class":68},[50,131235,131236],{"class":608},"!\"",[50,131238,105],{"class":64},[20,131240,131241],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are shorter and easier to read.",[20,131243,131244,131245,131247,131248,425],{},"This page focuses on how ",[15,131246,126274],{}," works. If you want the bigger picture, read ",[421,131249,89735],{"href":89734},[36,131251,1743],{"id":1742},[20,131253,131254,131255,425],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when using ",[15,131256,126274],{},[222,131258,131260],{"id":131259},"using-more-placeholders-than-values","Using more placeholders than values",[20,131262,131263],{},"This causes an error because Python cannot fill every placeholder.",[41,131265,131267],{"className":43,"code":131266,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131268,131269,131302],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,131270,131271,131273,131275,131277,131279,131281,131284,131286,131288,131290,131292,131294,131296,131298,131300],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,131272,695],{"class":56},[50,131274,61],{"class":60},[50,131276,700],{"class":604},[50,131278,44971],{"class":608},[50,131280,3873],{"class":68},[50,131282,131283],{"class":68}," {}",[50,131285,89890],{"class":608},[50,131287,811],{"class":604},[50,131289,425],{"class":64},[50,131291,129994],{"class":101},[50,131293,98],{"class":64},[50,131295,811],{"class":604},[50,131297,7756],{"class":608},[50,131299,811],{"class":604},[50,131301,105],{"class":64},[50,131303,131304,131306,131308,131310],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,131305,118],{"class":94},[50,131307,98],{"class":64},[50,131309,718],{"class":101},[50,131311,105],{"class":64},[20,131313,131314],{},"You need to pass enough values for all placeholders.",[20,131316,131317],{},"Fixed version:",[41,131319,131321],{"className":43,"code":131320,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\", \"Lee\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131322,131323,131364],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,131324,131325,131327,131329,131331,131333,131335,131337,131339,131341,131343,131345,131347,131349,131351,131353,131355,131357,131360,131362],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,131326,695],{"class":56},[50,131328,61],{"class":60},[50,131330,700],{"class":604},[50,131332,44971],{"class":608},[50,131334,3873],{"class":68},[50,131336,131283],{"class":68},[50,131338,89890],{"class":608},[50,131340,811],{"class":604},[50,131342,425],{"class":64},[50,131344,129994],{"class":101},[50,131346,98],{"class":64},[50,131348,811],{"class":604},[50,131350,7756],{"class":608},[50,131352,811],{"class":604},[50,131354,72],{"class":64},[50,131356,700],{"class":604},[50,131358,131359],{"class":608},"Lee",[50,131361,811],{"class":604},[50,131363,105],{"class":64},[50,131365,131366,131368,131370,131372],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,131367,118],{"class":94},[50,131369,98],{"class":64},[50,131371,718],{"class":101},[50,131373,105],{"class":64},[222,131375,131377],{"id":131376},"using-the-wrong-placeholder-name","Using the wrong placeholder name",[20,131379,131380,131381,425],{},"The name inside the braces must match the name passed to ",[15,131382,126274],{},[20,131384,131385],{},"Problem:",[41,131387,131389],{"className":43,"code":131388,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(username=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131390,131391,131425],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,131392,131393,131395,131397,131399,131401,131403,131405,131407,131409,131411,131413,131415,131417,131419,131421,131423],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,131394,695],{"class":56},[50,131396,61],{"class":60},[50,131398,700],{"class":604},[50,131400,44971],{"class":608},[50,131402,130611],{"class":68},[50,131404,89890],{"class":608},[50,131406,811],{"class":604},[50,131408,425],{"class":64},[50,131410,129994],{"class":101},[50,131412,98],{"class":64},[50,131414,8064],{"class":201},[50,131416,61],{"class":60},[50,131418,811],{"class":604},[50,131420,7756],{"class":608},[50,131422,811],{"class":604},[50,131424,105],{"class":64},[50,131426,131427,131429,131431,131433],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,131428,118],{"class":94},[50,131430,98],{"class":64},[50,131432,718],{"class":101},[50,131434,105],{"class":64},[20,131436,131317],{},[41,131438,131440],{"className":43,"code":131439,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(name=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131441,131442,131476],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,131443,131444,131446,131448,131450,131452,131454,131456,131458,131460,131462,131464,131466,131468,131470,131472,131474],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,131445,695],{"class":56},[50,131447,61],{"class":60},[50,131449,700],{"class":604},[50,131451,44971],{"class":608},[50,131453,130611],{"class":68},[50,131455,89890],{"class":608},[50,131457,811],{"class":604},[50,131459,425],{"class":64},[50,131461,129994],{"class":101},[50,131463,98],{"class":64},[50,131465,814],{"class":201},[50,131467,61],{"class":60},[50,131469,811],{"class":604},[50,131471,7756],{"class":608},[50,131473,811],{"class":604},[50,131475,105],{"class":64},[50,131477,131478,131480,131482,131484],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,131479,118],{"class":94},[50,131481,98],{"class":64},[50,131483,718],{"class":101},[50,131485,105],{"class":64},[222,131487,8532,131489,131491],{"id":131488},"expecting-format-to-change-the-original-string",[15,131490,126274],{}," to change the original string",[20,131493,131494,131496],{},[15,131495,126274],{}," does not modify the original string.",[20,131498,131385],{},[41,131500,131502],{"className":43,"code":131501,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131503,131504,131518,131536],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,131505,131506,131508,131510,131512,131514,131516],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,131507,695],{"class":56},[50,131509,61],{"class":60},[50,131511,700],{"class":604},[50,131513,44971],{"class":608},[50,131515,3873],{"class":68},[50,131517,705],{"class":604},[50,131519,131520,131522,131524,131526,131528,131530,131532,131534],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,131521,718],{"class":56},[50,131523,425],{"class":64},[50,131525,129994],{"class":101},[50,131527,98],{"class":64},[50,131529,811],{"class":604},[50,131531,7756],{"class":608},[50,131533,811],{"class":604},[50,131535,105],{"class":64},[50,131537,131538,131540,131542,131544],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,131539,118],{"class":94},[50,131541,98],{"class":64},[50,131543,718],{"class":101},[50,131545,105],{"class":64},[20,131547,131548],{},[3824,131549,353],{},[41,131551,131553],{"className":43,"code":131552,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Hello, {}\n",[15,131554,131555],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,131556,131557,131559,131561],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,131558,34937],{"class":56},[50,131560,72],{"class":64},[50,131562,9916],{"class":64},[20,131564,131317],{},[41,131566,131568],{"className":43,"code":131567,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext = text.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131569,131570,131584,131606],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,131571,131572,131574,131576,131578,131580,131582],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,131573,695],{"class":56},[50,131575,61],{"class":60},[50,131577,700],{"class":604},[50,131579,44971],{"class":608},[50,131581,3873],{"class":68},[50,131583,705],{"class":604},[50,131585,131586,131588,131590,131592,131594,131596,131598,131600,131602,131604],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,131587,695],{"class":56},[50,131589,61],{"class":60},[50,131591,42910],{"class":56},[50,131593,425],{"class":64},[50,131595,129994],{"class":101},[50,131597,98],{"class":64},[50,131599,811],{"class":604},[50,131601,7756],{"class":608},[50,131603,811],{"class":604},[50,131605,105],{"class":64},[50,131607,131608,131610,131612,131614],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,131609,118],{"class":94},[50,131611,98],{"class":64},[50,131613,718],{"class":101},[50,131615,105],{"class":64},[222,131617,1756,131619,131621],{"id":131618},"forgetting-that-format-returns-a-new-string",[15,131620,126274],{}," returns a new string",[20,131623,131624],{},"This is similar to the problem above. Always store the result if you need to use it later.",[222,131626,131628],{"id":131627},"mixing-placeholder-indexes-in-a-confusing-way","Mixing placeholder indexes in a confusing way",[20,131630,131631],{},"Numbered placeholders can be useful, but too much mixing can make the string harder to understand.",[20,131633,131634,131635,131637],{},"Use simple ",[15,131636,3873],{}," or named placeholders when possible.",[20,131639,131640,131641,425],{},"If you are trying to join strings and numbers directly, you may also see ",[421,131642,90448],{"href":90447},[36,131644,67956],{"id":67955},[20,131646,131647],{},"These simple lines can help you test what is happening:",[41,131649,131651],{"className":43,"code":131650,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(text)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(\"Hello {}\".format(\"Sam\"))\nhelp(str.format)\n",[15,131652,131653,131663,131677,131706],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,131654,131655,131657,131659,131661],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,131656,118],{"class":94},[50,131658,98],{"class":64},[50,131660,718],{"class":101},[50,131662,105],{"class":64},[50,131664,131665,131667,131669,131671,131673,131675],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,131666,118],{"class":94},[50,131668,98],{"class":64},[50,131670,558],{"class":557},[50,131672,98],{"class":64},[50,131674,2570],{"class":101},[50,131676,478],{"class":64},[50,131678,131679,131681,131683,131685,131688,131690,131692,131694,131696,131698,131700,131702,131704],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,131680,118],{"class":94},[50,131682,98],{"class":64},[50,131684,811],{"class":604},[50,131686,131687],{"class":608},"Hello ",[50,131689,3873],{"class":68},[50,131691,811],{"class":604},[50,131693,425],{"class":64},[50,131695,129994],{"class":101},[50,131697,98],{"class":64},[50,131699,811],{"class":604},[50,131701,7756],{"class":608},[50,131703,811],{"class":604},[50,131705,478],{"class":64},[50,131707,131708,131710,131712,131714,131716,131718],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,131709,32222],{"class":94},[50,131711,98],{"class":64},[50,131713,1395],{"class":557},[50,131715,425],{"class":64},[50,131717,129994],{"class":1400},[50,131719,105],{"class":64},[20,131721,131722],{},"Use them to check:",[158,131724,131725,131728,131731,131734],{},[161,131726,131727],{},"what your string looks like before and after formatting",[161,131729,131730],{},"what type your value has",[161,131732,131733],{},"whether a small test example works",[161,131735,131736,131737],{},"Python’s built-in help for ",[15,131738,131739],{},"str.format",[36,131741,1913],{"id":1912},[222,131743,129775,131745,1930],{"id":131744},"what-does-python-string-format-return",[15,131746,126274],{},[20,131748,131749],{},"It returns a new string with the placeholders replaced.",[222,131751,131753],{"id":131752},"do-i-need-to-use-numbers-inside-the-braces","Do I need to use numbers inside the braces?",[20,131755,131756,131757,131759],{},"No. You can use plain ",[15,131758,3873],{}," for simple cases, or numbered and named placeholders when needed.",[222,131761,131763,131764,1943],{"id":131762},"can-i-format-numbers-with-format","Can I format numbers with ",[15,131765,126274],{},[20,131767,131768,131769,131772],{},"Yes. A common example is ",[15,131770,131771],{},"\"{:.2f}\""," to show 2 decimal places.",[222,131774,14975,131776,131778],{"id":131775},"is-format-better-than-f-strings",[15,131777,126274],{}," better than f-strings?",[20,131780,131781,131782,131784],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are easier to read, but ",[15,131783,126274],{}," is still useful and common.",[36,131786,1975],{"id":1974},[158,131788,131789,131793,131797,131803,131809],{},[161,131790,131791],{},[421,131792,125026],{"href":51045},[161,131794,131795],{},[421,131796,90725],{"href":89734},[161,131798,131799],{},[421,131800,13,131801,1461],{"href":46519},[15,131802,46522],{},[161,131804,131805],{},[421,131806,13,131807,1461],{"href":42245},[15,131808,47754],{},[161,131810,131811],{},[421,131812,90448],{"href":90447},[2018,131814,131815],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":131817},[131818,131819,131821,131822,131823,131824,131825,131826,131828,131837,131838,131847],{"id":2104,"depth":86,"text":2105},{"id":130061,"depth":86,"text":131820},"What the format() method does",{"id":180,"depth":86,"text":181},{"id":130342,"depth":86,"text":130343},{"id":130604,"depth":86,"text":130605},{"id":130835,"depth":86,"text":130836},{"id":17487,"depth":86,"text":17488},{"id":131138,"depth":86,"text":131827},"format() vs f-strings",{"id":1742,"depth":86,"text":1743,"children":131829},[131830,131831,131832,131834,131836],{"id":131259,"depth":108,"text":131260},{"id":131376,"depth":108,"text":131377},{"id":131488,"depth":108,"text":131833},"Expecting format() to change the original string",{"id":131618,"depth":108,"text":131835},"Forgetting that format() returns a new string",{"id":131627,"depth":108,"text":131628},{"id":67955,"depth":86,"text":67956},{"id":1912,"depth":86,"text":1913,"children":131839},[131840,131842,131843,131845],{"id":131744,"depth":108,"text":131841},"What does Python string format() return?",{"id":131752,"depth":108,"text":131753},{"id":131762,"depth":108,"text":131844},"Can I format numbers with format()?",{"id":131775,"depth":108,"text":131846},"Is format() better than f-strings?",{"id":1974,"depth":86,"text":1975},"Master python string format method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method",{"title":129921,"description":131848},"reference\u002Fpython-string-format-method","3OFzHK3_StgzrEcYSZF3SLkvZkvBMBNZ1KeFd0x5PgM",{"id":131855,"title":131856,"body":131857,"description":133337,"extension":2064,"meta":133338,"navigation":111,"path":133339,"seo":133340,"stem":133341,"__hash__":133342},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method.md","Python String index() Method",{"type":7,"value":131858,"toc":133309},[131859,131864,131869,131874,131876,131938,131945,131951,131956,131958,131974,131976,132047,132049,132063,132066,132116,132118,132120,132147,132150,132165,132168,132209,132212,132257,132264,132313,132315,132323,132325,132343,132345,132438,132446,132487,132492,132499,132505,132512,132515,132519,132620,132622,132644,132648,132701,132704,132707,132713,132720,132722,132761,132763,132781,132791,132798,132881,132884,132891,132898,132905,132909,132917,132963,132967,132976,133041,133046,133051,133062,133064,133069,133096,133098,133201,133204,133224,133226,133231,133234,133238,133242,133249,133258,133264,133267,133273,133275,133277,133306],[10,131860,123271,131862,11397],{"id":131861},"python-string-index-method",[15,131863,59035],{},[20,131865,123276,131866,131868],{},[15,131867,59035],{}," method returns the position of the first match inside a string.",[20,131870,131871,131872,425],{},"Use it when you want to find where a character or substring appears, and you expect that value to be present. If Python cannot find the value, it raises a ",[15,131873,40773],{},[36,131875,2105],{"id":2104},[41,131877,131879],{"className":43,"code":131878,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.index(\"world\")\nprint(position)\n\n# Output:\n# 6\n",[15,131880,131881,131893,131915,131925,131929,131933],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,131882,131883,131885,131887,131889,131891],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,131884,695],{"class":56},[50,131886,61],{"class":60},[50,131888,700],{"class":604},[50,131890,60473],{"class":608},[50,131892,705],{"class":604},[50,131894,131895,131897,131899,131901,131903,131905,131907,131909,131911,131913],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,131896,64980],{"class":56},[50,131898,61],{"class":60},[50,131900,42910],{"class":56},[50,131902,425],{"class":64},[50,131904,35915],{"class":101},[50,131906,98],{"class":64},[50,131908,811],{"class":604},[50,131910,60656],{"class":608},[50,131912,811],{"class":604},[50,131914,105],{"class":64},[50,131916,131917,131919,131921,131923],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,131918,118],{"class":94},[50,131920,98],{"class":64},[50,131922,65007],{"class":101},[50,131924,105],{"class":64},[50,131926,131927],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,131928,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,131930,131931],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,131932,90866],{"class":129},[50,131934,131935],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,131936,131937],{"class":129},"# 6\n",[20,131939,920,131940,131942,131943,425],{},[15,131941,59035],{}," when you want the position of a substring and expect it to exist. If the value is missing, Python raises a ",[15,131944,40773],{},[36,131946,153,131948,156],{"id":131947},"what-strindex-does",[15,131949,131950],{},"str.index()",[20,131952,131953,131955],{},[15,131954,131950],{}," searches a string and gives back the position of the first match.",[20,131957,13125],{},[158,131959,131960,131963,131966,131969],{},[161,131961,131962],{},"It returns the position of the first match in a string",[161,131964,131965],{},"It works with a single character or a longer substring",[161,131967,131968],{},"The search is case-sensitive",[161,131970,30362,131971,131973],{},[15,131972,40773],{}," if the substring is not found",[20,131975,1602],{},[41,131977,131979],{"className":43,"code":131978,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))     # 1\nprint(text.index(\"na\"))    # 2\n",[15,131980,131981,131993,131997,132022],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,131982,131983,131985,131987,131989,131991],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,131984,695],{"class":56},[50,131986,61],{"class":60},[50,131988,700],{"class":604},[50,131990,1058],{"class":608},[50,131992,705],{"class":604},[50,131994,131995],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,131996,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,131998,131999,132001,132003,132005,132007,132009,132011,132013,132015,132017,132019],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,132000,118],{"class":94},[50,132002,98],{"class":64},[50,132004,718],{"class":101},[50,132006,425],{"class":64},[50,132008,35915],{"class":101},[50,132010,98],{"class":64},[50,132012,811],{"class":604},[50,132014,421],{"class":608},[50,132016,811],{"class":604},[50,132018,5440],{"class":64},[50,132020,132021],{"class":129},"     # 1\n",[50,132023,132024,132026,132028,132030,132032,132034,132036,132038,132040,132042,132044],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,132025,118],{"class":94},[50,132027,98],{"class":64},[50,132029,718],{"class":101},[50,132031,425],{"class":64},[50,132033,35915],{"class":101},[50,132035,98],{"class":64},[50,132037,811],{"class":604},[50,132039,123364],{"class":608},[50,132041,811],{"class":604},[50,132043,5440],{"class":64},[50,132045,132046],{"class":129},"    # 2\n",[20,132048,2278],{},[158,132050,132051,132057],{},[161,132052,132053,128484,132055],{},[15,132054,18165],{},[15,132056,366],{},[161,132058,132059,128484,132061],{},[15,132060,128483],{},[15,132062,1564],{},[20,132064,132065],{},"Case sensitivity matters:",[41,132067,132069],{"className":43,"code":132068,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"Hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"H\"))   # 0\n# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[15,132070,132071,132083,132087,132111],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,132072,132073,132075,132077,132079,132081],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,132074,695],{"class":56},[50,132076,61],{"class":60},[50,132078,700],{"class":604},[50,132080,34937],{"class":608},[50,132082,705],{"class":604},[50,132084,132085],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,132086,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,132088,132089,132091,132093,132095,132097,132099,132101,132103,132105,132107,132109],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,132090,118],{"class":94},[50,132092,98],{"class":64},[50,132094,718],{"class":101},[50,132096,425],{"class":64},[50,132098,35915],{"class":101},[50,132100,98],{"class":64},[50,132102,811],{"class":604},[50,132104,51260],{"class":608},[50,132106,811],{"class":604},[50,132108,5440],{"class":64},[50,132110,20838],{"class":129},[50,132112,132113],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,132114,132115],{"class":129},"# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[36,132117,181],{"id":180},[20,132119,2259],{},[41,132121,132123],{"className":43,"code":132122,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"string.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,132124,132125],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,132126,132127,132129,132131,132133,132135,132137,132139,132141,132143,132145],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,132128,684],{"class":56},[50,132130,425],{"class":64},[50,132132,35915],{"class":101},[50,132134,98],{"class":64},[50,132136,2570],{"class":101},[50,132138,72],{"class":64},[50,132140,36121],{"class":101},[50,132142,72],{"class":64},[50,132144,65101],{"class":101},[50,132146,105],{"class":64},[20,132148,132149],{},"Parameters:",[158,132151,132152,132156,132160],{},[161,132153,132154,123463],{},[15,132155,2570],{},[161,132157,132158,128530],{},[15,132159,36142],{},[161,132161,132162,132164],{},[15,132163,52730],{},": optional stopping position",[20,132166,132167],{},"You can use just the value:",[41,132169,132171],{"className":43,"code":132170,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"python\"\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,132172,132173,132185],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,132174,132175,132177,132179,132181,132183],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,132176,695],{"class":56},[50,132178,61],{"class":60},[50,132180,700],{"class":604},[50,132182,45],{"class":608},[50,132184,705],{"class":604},[50,132186,132187,132189,132191,132193,132195,132197,132199,132201,132203,132205,132207],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,132188,118],{"class":94},[50,132190,98],{"class":64},[50,132192,718],{"class":101},[50,132194,425],{"class":64},[50,132196,35915],{"class":101},[50,132198,98],{"class":64},[50,132200,811],{"class":604},[50,132202,771],{"class":608},[50,132204,811],{"class":604},[50,132206,5440],{"class":64},[50,132208,51484],{"class":129},[20,132210,132211],{},"Or include a start position:",[41,132213,132215],{"className":43,"code":132214,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))  # 3\n",[15,132216,132217,132229],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,132218,132219,132221,132223,132225,132227],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,132220,695],{"class":56},[50,132222,61],{"class":60},[50,132224,700],{"class":604},[50,132226,1058],{"class":608},[50,132228,705],{"class":604},[50,132230,132231,132233,132235,132237,132239,132241,132243,132245,132247,132249,132251,132253,132255],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,132232,118],{"class":94},[50,132234,98],{"class":64},[50,132236,718],{"class":101},[50,132238,425],{"class":64},[50,132240,35915],{"class":101},[50,132242,98],{"class":64},[50,132244,811],{"class":604},[50,132246,421],{"class":608},[50,132248,811],{"class":604},[50,132250,72],{"class":64},[50,132252,80],{"class":68},[50,132254,5440],{"class":64},[50,132256,50840],{"class":129},[20,132258,132259,132260,4472,132262,819],{},"Or include both ",[15,132261,36142],{},[15,132263,52730],{},[41,132265,132267],{"className":43,"code":132266,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2, 5))  # 3\n",[15,132268,132269,132281],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,132270,132271,132273,132275,132277,132279],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,132272,695],{"class":56},[50,132274,61],{"class":60},[50,132276,700],{"class":604},[50,132278,1058],{"class":608},[50,132280,705],{"class":604},[50,132282,132283,132285,132287,132289,132291,132293,132295,132297,132299,132301,132303,132305,132307,132309,132311],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,132284,118],{"class":94},[50,132286,98],{"class":64},[50,132288,718],{"class":101},[50,132290,425],{"class":64},[50,132292,35915],{"class":101},[50,132294,98],{"class":64},[50,132296,811],{"class":604},[50,132298,421],{"class":608},[50,132300,811],{"class":604},[50,132302,72],{"class":64},[50,132304,80],{"class":68},[50,132306,72],{"class":64},[50,132308,375],{"class":68},[50,132310,5440],{"class":64},[50,132312,50840],{"class":129},[36,132314,38090],{"id":38089},[20,132316,28778,132317,132319,132320,425],{},[15,132318,59035],{}," is a ",[3824,132321,132322],{},"zero-based index",[20,132324,2207],{},[158,132326,132327,132333,132338],{},[161,132328,132329,132330,132332],{},"Index ",[15,132331,2220],{}," is the first character",[161,132334,132329,132335,132337],{},[15,132336,366],{}," is the second character",[161,132339,132329,132340,132342],{},[15,132341,1564],{}," is the third character",[20,132344,1602],{},[41,132346,132348],{"className":43,"code":132347,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"cat\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"c\"))  # 0\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,132349,132350,132362,132366,132390,132414],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,132351,132352,132354,132356,132358,132360],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,132353,695],{"class":56},[50,132355,61],{"class":60},[50,132357,700],{"class":604},[50,132359,37116],{"class":608},[50,132361,705],{"class":604},[50,132363,132364],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,132365,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,132367,132368,132370,132372,132374,132376,132378,132380,132382,132384,132386,132388],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,132369,118],{"class":94},[50,132371,98],{"class":64},[50,132373,718],{"class":101},[50,132375,425],{"class":64},[50,132377,35915],{"class":101},[50,132379,98],{"class":64},[50,132381,811],{"class":604},[50,132383,9817],{"class":608},[50,132385,811],{"class":604},[50,132387,5440],{"class":64},[50,132389,51316],{"class":129},[50,132391,132392,132394,132396,132398,132400,132402,132404,132406,132408,132410,132412],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,132393,118],{"class":94},[50,132395,98],{"class":64},[50,132397,718],{"class":101},[50,132399,425],{"class":64},[50,132401,35915],{"class":101},[50,132403,98],{"class":64},[50,132405,811],{"class":604},[50,132407,421],{"class":608},[50,132409,811],{"class":604},[50,132411,5440],{"class":64},[50,132413,27849],{"class":129},[50,132415,132416,132418,132420,132422,132424,132426,132428,132430,132432,132434,132436],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,132417,118],{"class":94},[50,132419,98],{"class":64},[50,132421,718],{"class":101},[50,132423,425],{"class":64},[50,132425,35915],{"class":101},[50,132427,98],{"class":64},[50,132429,811],{"class":604},[50,132431,771],{"class":608},[50,132433,811],{"class":604},[50,132435,5440],{"class":64},[50,132437,51484],{"class":129},[20,132439,132440,132442,132443,132445],{},[15,132441,59035],{}," returns only the ",[3824,132444,29977],{}," matching position.",[41,132447,132449],{"className":43,"code":132448,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\n",[15,132450,132451,132463],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,132452,132453,132455,132457,132459,132461],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,132454,695],{"class":56},[50,132456,61],{"class":60},[50,132458,700],{"class":604},[50,132460,1058],{"class":608},[50,132462,705],{"class":604},[50,132464,132465,132467,132469,132471,132473,132475,132477,132479,132481,132483,132485],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,132466,118],{"class":94},[50,132468,98],{"class":64},[50,132470,718],{"class":101},[50,132472,425],{"class":64},[50,132474,35915],{"class":101},[50,132476,98],{"class":64},[50,132478,811],{"class":604},[50,132480,421],{"class":608},[50,132482,811],{"class":604},[50,132484,5440],{"class":64},[50,132486,27849],{"class":129},[20,132488,21047,132489,132491],{},[15,132490,18165],{}," appears more than once, the method returns only the first match.",[20,132493,132494,132495,425],{},"If you need to count matches instead, see the ",[421,132496,132497,10816],{"href":124721},[15,132498,58657],{},[36,132500,914,132501,4472,132503],{"id":65467},[15,132502,36142],{},[15,132504,52730],{},[20,132506,1185,132507,4472,132509,132511],{},[15,132508,36142],{},[15,132510,52730],{}," arguments let you search only part of the string.",[20,132513,132514],{},"This is useful when the same text appears more than once.",[20,132516,46110,132517,819],{},[15,132518,36142],{},[41,132520,132522],{"className":43,"code":132521,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))      # 1\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))   # 3\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 4))   # 5\n",[15,132523,132524,132536,132540,132564,132592],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,132525,132526,132528,132530,132532,132534],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,132527,695],{"class":56},[50,132529,61],{"class":60},[50,132531,700],{"class":604},[50,132533,1058],{"class":608},[50,132535,705],{"class":604},[50,132537,132538],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,132539,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,132541,132542,132544,132546,132548,132550,132552,132554,132556,132558,132560,132562],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,132543,118],{"class":94},[50,132545,98],{"class":64},[50,132547,718],{"class":101},[50,132549,425],{"class":64},[50,132551,35915],{"class":101},[50,132553,98],{"class":64},[50,132555,811],{"class":604},[50,132557,421],{"class":608},[50,132559,811],{"class":604},[50,132561,5440],{"class":64},[50,132563,51189],{"class":129},[50,132565,132566,132568,132570,132572,132574,132576,132578,132580,132582,132584,132586,132588,132590],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,132567,118],{"class":94},[50,132569,98],{"class":64},[50,132571,718],{"class":101},[50,132573,425],{"class":64},[50,132575,35915],{"class":101},[50,132577,98],{"class":64},[50,132579,811],{"class":604},[50,132581,421],{"class":608},[50,132583,811],{"class":604},[50,132585,72],{"class":64},[50,132587,80],{"class":68},[50,132589,5440],{"class":64},[50,132591,51039],{"class":129},[50,132593,132594,132596,132598,132600,132602,132604,132606,132608,132610,132612,132614,132616,132618],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,132595,118],{"class":94},[50,132597,98],{"class":64},[50,132599,718],{"class":101},[50,132601,425],{"class":64},[50,132603,35915],{"class":101},[50,132605,98],{"class":64},[50,132607,811],{"class":604},[50,132609,421],{"class":608},[50,132611,811],{"class":604},[50,132613,72],{"class":64},[50,132615,2554],{"class":68},[50,132617,5440],{"class":64},[50,132619,50823],{"class":129},[20,132621,20027],{},[158,132623,132624,132631,132637],{},[161,132625,132626,132627,65657,132629],{},"The first search finds the first ",[15,132628,18165],{},[15,132630,366],{},[161,132632,132633,132634,132636],{},"Starting at index ",[15,132635,1564],{}," skips that first match",[161,132638,132633,132639,132641,132642],{},[15,132640,2602],{}," finds the last ",[15,132643,18165],{},[20,132645,46110,132646,819],{},[15,132647,52730],{},[41,132649,132651],{"className":43,"code":132650,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"n\", 0, 4))  # 2\n",[15,132652,132653,132665,132669],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,132654,132655,132657,132659,132661,132663],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,132656,695],{"class":56},[50,132658,61],{"class":60},[50,132660,700],{"class":604},[50,132662,1058],{"class":608},[50,132664,705],{"class":604},[50,132666,132667],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,132668,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,132670,132671,132673,132675,132677,132679,132681,132683,132685,132687,132689,132691,132693,132695,132697,132699],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,132672,118],{"class":94},[50,132674,98],{"class":64},[50,132676,718],{"class":101},[50,132678,425],{"class":64},[50,132680,35915],{"class":101},[50,132682,98],{"class":64},[50,132684,811],{"class":604},[50,132686,745],{"class":608},[50,132688,811],{"class":604},[50,132690,72],{"class":64},[50,132692,3914],{"class":68},[50,132694,72],{"class":64},[50,132696,2554],{"class":68},[50,132698,5440],{"class":64},[50,132700,51484],{"class":129},[20,132702,132703],{},"This searches only within part of the string.",[20,132705,132706],{},"One important detail: the returned index still refers to the original string, not a smaller temporary section.",[36,132708,44282,132710,132712],{"id":132709},"when-index-causes-an-error",[15,132711,59035],{}," causes an error",[20,132714,132715,132716,52564,132718,425],{},"If the substring is not found, ",[15,132717,59035],{},[15,132719,40773],{},[20,132721,1602],{},[41,132723,132725],{"className":43,"code":132724,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"z\"))\n",[15,132726,132727,132739],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,132728,132729,132731,132733,132735,132737],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,132730,695],{"class":56},[50,132732,61],{"class":60},[50,132734,700],{"class":604},[50,132736,3926],{"class":608},[50,132738,705],{"class":604},[50,132740,132741,132743,132745,132747,132749,132751,132753,132755,132757,132759],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,132742,118],{"class":94},[50,132744,98],{"class":64},[50,132746,718],{"class":101},[50,132748,425],{"class":64},[50,132750,35915],{"class":101},[50,132752,98],{"class":64},[50,132754,811],{"class":604},[50,132756,22146],{"class":608},[50,132758,811],{"class":604},[50,132760,478],{"class":64},[20,132762,353],{},[41,132764,132766],{"className":43,"code":132765,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"ValueError: substring not found\n",[15,132767,132768],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,132769,132770,132772,132774,132777,132779],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,132771,40773],{"class":557},[50,132773,819],{"class":64},[50,132775,132776],{"class":56}," substring ",[50,132778,4709],{"class":60},[50,132780,65890],{"class":56},[20,132782,53410,132783,126237,132788,132790],{},[421,132784,132785],{"href":129915},[15,132786,132787],{},"str.find()",[15,132789,65915],{}," instead of raising an error.",[20,132792,132793,132794,4472,132796,819],{},"If the value may not exist, use ",[15,132795,29872],{},[15,132797,29903],{},[41,132799,132801],{"className":43,"code":132800,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"hello\"\n\ntry:\n    position = text.index(\"z\")\n    print(position)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Substring not found\")\n",[15,132802,132803,132815,132819,132825,132848,132858,132866],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,132804,132805,132807,132809,132811,132813],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,132806,695],{"class":56},[50,132808,61],{"class":60},[50,132810,700],{"class":604},[50,132812,3926],{"class":608},[50,132814,705],{"class":604},[50,132816,132817],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,132818,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,132820,132821,132823],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,132822,29872],{"class":3957},[50,132824,6470],{"class":64},[50,132826,132827,132830,132832,132834,132836,132838,132840,132842,132844,132846],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,132828,132829],{"class":56},"    position ",[50,132831,61],{"class":60},[50,132833,42910],{"class":56},[50,132835,425],{"class":64},[50,132837,35915],{"class":101},[50,132839,98],{"class":64},[50,132841,811],{"class":604},[50,132843,22146],{"class":608},[50,132845,811],{"class":604},[50,132847,105],{"class":64},[50,132849,132850,132852,132854,132856],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,132851,8148],{"class":94},[50,132853,98],{"class":64},[50,132855,65007],{"class":101},[50,132857,105],{"class":64},[50,132859,132860,132862,132864],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,132861,29903],{"class":3957},[50,132863,41996],{"class":557},[50,132865,6470],{"class":64},[50,132867,132868,132870,132872,132874,132877,132879],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,132869,8148],{"class":94},[50,132871,98],{"class":64},[50,132873,811],{"class":604},[50,132875,132876],{"class":608},"Substring not found",[50,132878,811],{"class":604},[50,132880,105],{"class":64},[20,132882,132883],{},"This helps your program continue running.",[20,132885,42016,132886,425],{},[421,132887,25748,132889],{"href":132888},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix",[15,132890,129242],{},[36,132892,132894,1467,132896],{"id":132893},"index-vs-find",[15,132895,59035],{},[15,132897,124266],{},[20,132899,132900,4472,132902,132904],{},[15,132901,59035],{},[15,132903,124266],{}," are very similar, but they behave differently when no match is found.",[222,132906,132907],{"id":35915},[15,132908,59035],{},[158,132910,132911,132914],{},[161,132912,132913],{},"Returns the first match position",[161,132915,132916],{},"Raises an error if nothing is found",[41,132918,132920],{"className":43,"code":132919,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"e\"))  # 1\n# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,132921,132922,132934,132958],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,132923,132924,132926,132928,132930,132932],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,132925,695],{"class":56},[50,132927,61],{"class":60},[50,132929,700],{"class":604},[50,132931,3926],{"class":608},[50,132933,705],{"class":604},[50,132935,132936,132938,132940,132942,132944,132946,132948,132950,132952,132954,132956],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,132937,118],{"class":94},[50,132939,98],{"class":64},[50,132941,718],{"class":101},[50,132943,425],{"class":64},[50,132945,35915],{"class":101},[50,132947,98],{"class":64},[50,132949,811],{"class":604},[50,132951,60513],{"class":608},[50,132953,811],{"class":604},[50,132955,5440],{"class":64},[50,132957,27849],{"class":129},[50,132959,132960],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,132961,132962],{"class":129},"# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[222,132964,132965],{"id":128296},[15,132966,124266],{},[158,132968,132969,132971],{},[161,132970,132913],{},[161,132972,11499,132973,132975],{},[15,132974,65915],{}," if nothing is found",[41,132977,132979],{"className":43,"code":132978,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.find(\"e\"))  # 1\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))  # -1\n",[15,132980,132981,132993,133017],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,132982,132983,132985,132987,132989,132991],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,132984,695],{"class":56},[50,132986,61],{"class":60},[50,132988,700],{"class":604},[50,132990,3926],{"class":608},[50,132992,705],{"class":604},[50,132994,132995,132997,132999,133001,133003,133005,133007,133009,133011,133013,133015],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,132996,118],{"class":94},[50,132998,98],{"class":64},[50,133000,718],{"class":101},[50,133002,425],{"class":64},[50,133004,128296],{"class":101},[50,133006,98],{"class":64},[50,133008,811],{"class":604},[50,133010,60513],{"class":608},[50,133012,811],{"class":604},[50,133014,5440],{"class":64},[50,133016,27849],{"class":129},[50,133018,133019,133021,133023,133025,133027,133029,133031,133033,133035,133037,133039],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,133020,118],{"class":94},[50,133022,98],{"class":64},[50,133024,718],{"class":101},[50,133026,425],{"class":64},[50,133028,128296],{"class":101},[50,133030,98],{"class":64},[50,133032,811],{"class":604},[50,133034,22146],{"class":608},[50,133036,811],{"class":604},[50,133038,5440],{"class":64},[50,133040,128652],{"class":129},[20,133042,920,133043,133045],{},[15,133044,59035],{}," when missing data should be treated as a problem.",[20,133047,920,133048,133050],{},[15,133049,124266],{}," when you want to check safely without an exception.",[20,133052,133053,133054,2976,133059,425],{},"For a full comparison, see the ",[421,133055,133056,133058],{"href":129915},[15,133057,132787],{}," method reference",[421,133060,127307],{"href":133061},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python",[36,133063,1743],{"id":1742},[20,133065,133066,133067,819],{},"Beginners often run into these problems when using ",[15,133068,59035],{},[158,133070,133071,133074,133081,133086,133091],{},[161,133072,133073],{},"Searching for text with the wrong uppercase or lowercase letters",[161,133075,8532,133076,8535,133078,133080],{},[15,133077,59035],{},[15,133079,65915],{}," when no match exists",[161,133082,914,133083,133085],{},[15,133084,59035],{}," on a value that may not be present",[161,133087,133088,133089],{},"Confusing character position with human counting starting at ",[15,133090,366],{},[161,133092,1748,133093,133095],{},[15,133094,59035],{}," returns every match instead of the first one",[20,133097,62359],{},[41,133099,133101],{"className":43,"code":133100,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.index(\"value\"))\nprint(text.find(\"value\"))\nprint(text.index(\"value\", start, end))\n",[15,133102,133103,133113,133127,133149,133171],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,133104,133105,133107,133109,133111],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,133106,118],{"class":94},[50,133108,98],{"class":64},[50,133110,718],{"class":101},[50,133112,105],{"class":64},[50,133114,133115,133117,133119,133121,133123,133125],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,133116,118],{"class":94},[50,133118,98],{"class":64},[50,133120,41849],{"class":94},[50,133122,98],{"class":64},[50,133124,718],{"class":101},[50,133126,478],{"class":64},[50,133128,133129,133131,133133,133135,133137,133139,133141,133143,133145,133147],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,133130,118],{"class":94},[50,133132,98],{"class":64},[50,133134,718],{"class":101},[50,133136,425],{"class":64},[50,133138,35915],{"class":101},[50,133140,98],{"class":64},[50,133142,811],{"class":604},[50,133144,2570],{"class":608},[50,133146,811],{"class":604},[50,133148,478],{"class":64},[50,133150,133151,133153,133155,133157,133159,133161,133163,133165,133167,133169],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,133152,118],{"class":94},[50,133154,98],{"class":64},[50,133156,718],{"class":101},[50,133158,425],{"class":64},[50,133160,128296],{"class":101},[50,133162,98],{"class":64},[50,133164,811],{"class":604},[50,133166,2570],{"class":608},[50,133168,811],{"class":604},[50,133170,478],{"class":64},[50,133172,133173,133175,133177,133179,133181,133183,133185,133187,133189,133191,133193,133195,133197,133199],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,133174,118],{"class":94},[50,133176,98],{"class":64},[50,133178,718],{"class":101},[50,133180,425],{"class":64},[50,133182,35915],{"class":101},[50,133184,98],{"class":64},[50,133186,811],{"class":604},[50,133188,2570],{"class":608},[50,133190,811],{"class":604},[50,133192,72],{"class":64},[50,133194,36121],{"class":101},[50,133196,72],{"class":64},[50,133198,65101],{"class":101},[50,133200,478],{"class":64},[20,133202,133203],{},"Tips:",[158,133205,133206,133211,133216,133219],{},[161,133207,920,133208,133210],{},[15,133209,126193],{}," to spot spaces or hidden characters",[161,133212,920,133213,133215],{},[15,133214,124266],{}," if you want to test first without raising an error",[161,133217,133218],{},"Double-check uppercase and lowercase letters",[161,133220,133221,133222],{},"Remember that Python starts counting at ",[15,133223,2220],{},[36,133225,1913],{"id":1912},[222,133227,129775,133229,1930],{"id":133228},"what-does-python-string-index-return",[15,133230,59035],{},[20,133232,133233],{},"It returns the zero-based position of the first match in the string.",[222,133235,133237],{"id":133236},"what-happens-if-the-substring-is-not-found","What happens if the substring is not found?",[20,133239,76912,133240,425],{},[15,133241,40773],{},[222,133243,5258,133245,4472,133247,1943],{"id":133244},"what-is-the-difference-between-index-and-find",[15,133246,59035],{},[15,133248,124266],{},[20,133250,133251,133253,133254,2494,133256,6709],{},[15,133252,59035],{}," raises an error if nothing is found. ",[15,133255,124266],{},[15,133257,65915],{},[222,133259,5248,133261,133263],{"id":133260},"can-index-search-for-more-than-one-character",[15,133262,59035],{}," search for more than one character?",[20,133265,133266],{},"Yes. It can search for a substring, not just a single character.",[222,133268,133270,133271,124607],{"id":133269},"is-string-index-case-sensitive","Is string ",[15,133272,59035],{},[20,133274,129800],{},[36,133276,1975],{"id":1974},[158,133278,133279,133285,133289,133294,133300],{},[161,133280,133281],{},[421,133282,133283,10816],{"href":129915},[15,133284,132787],{},[161,133286,133287],{},[421,133288,124670],{"href":133061},[161,133290,133291],{},[421,133292,129876],{"href":133293},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python",[161,133295,133296],{},[421,133297,133298,10816],{"href":124721},[15,133299,58657],{},[161,133301,133302],{},[421,133303,30416,133304],{"href":132888},[15,133305,129242],{},[2018,133307,133308],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":133310},[133311,133312,133314,133315,133316,133317,133319,133324,133325,133336],{"id":2104,"depth":86,"text":2105},{"id":131947,"depth":86,"text":133313},"What str.index() does",{"id":180,"depth":86,"text":181},{"id":38089,"depth":86,"text":38090},{"id":65467,"depth":86,"text":66250},{"id":132709,"depth":86,"text":133318},"When index() causes an error",{"id":132893,"depth":86,"text":133320,"children":133321},"index() vs find()",[133322,133323],{"id":35915,"depth":108,"text":59035},{"id":128296,"depth":108,"text":124266},{"id":1742,"depth":86,"text":1743},{"id":1912,"depth":86,"text":1913,"children":133326},[133327,133329,133330,133332,133334],{"id":133228,"depth":108,"text":133328},"What does Python string index() return?",{"id":133236,"depth":108,"text":133237},{"id":133244,"depth":108,"text":133331},"What is the difference between index() and find()?",{"id":133260,"depth":108,"text":133333},"Can index() search for more than one character?",{"id":133269,"depth":108,"text":133335},"Is string index() case-sensitive?",{"id":1974,"depth":86,"text":1975},"Master python string index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method",{"title":131856,"description":133337},"reference\u002Fpython-string-index-method","R1ztM7XUbXLB6x68q72-dPTbtnrYXmbHumYw459ZPYA",{"id":133344,"title":133345,"body":133346,"description":136121,"extension":2064,"meta":136122,"navigation":111,"path":136123,"seo":136124,"stem":136125,"__hash__":136126},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method.md","Python String join() Method",{"type":7,"value":133347,"toc":136057},[133348,133354,133359,133362,133365,133376,133378,133447,133449,133463,133468,133473,133478,133480,133523,133525,133608,133610,133656,133662,133664,133666,133686,133688,133711,133713,133787,133789,133808,133813,133815,133819,133891,133893,133907,133911,133987,133989,134008,134012,134106,134108,134117,134124,134200,134202,134220,134224,134227,134234,134283,134285,134294,134301,134360,134362,134380,134383,134390,134449,134451,134469,134476,134533,134535,134544,134548,134553,134557,134616,134618,134636,134640,134687,134692,134695,134764,134766,134783,134790,134796,134851,134856,134859,134936,134938,134956,134962,134968,135028,135030,135049,135055,135058,135065,135118,135123,135125,135186,135195,135202,135204,135261,135266,135268,135339,135343,135398,135400,135409,135414,135420,135489,135491,135523,135529,135537,135544,135550,135615,135617,135626,135632,135713,135715,135724,135729,135743,135750,135754,135759,135787,135789,135922,135925,135962,135964,135970,135979,135984,135987,135992,135997,136003,136006,136015,136018,136020,136049,136054],[10,133349,123271,133351,11397],{"id":133350},"python-string-join-method",[15,133352,133353],{},"join()",[20,133355,123276,133356,133358],{},[15,133357,133353],{}," method combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,133360,133361],{},"It is useful when you have a list or tuple of text values and want to join them with a separator such as a space, comma, dash, or nothing at all.",[20,133363,133364],{},"A key rule to remember is this:",[158,133366,133367,133373],{},[161,133368,133369,133370,133372],{},"You call ",[15,133371,133353],{}," on the separator string",[161,133374,133375],{},"Every item you join must already be a string",[36,133377,39],{"id":38},[41,133379,133381],{"className":43,"code":133380,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\nprint(result)\n",[15,133382,133383,133416,133437],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,133384,133385,133387,133389,133391,133393,133395,133397,133399,133401,133403,133405,133407,133409,133412,133414],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,133386,1040],{"class":56},[50,133388,61],{"class":60},[50,133390,65],{"class":64},[50,133392,811],{"class":604},[50,133394,7376],{"class":608},[50,133396,811],{"class":604},[50,133398,72],{"class":64},[50,133400,700],{"class":604},[50,133402,12268],{"class":608},[50,133404,811],{"class":604},[50,133406,72],{"class":64},[50,133408,700],{"class":604},[50,133410,133411],{"class":608},"fun",[50,133413,811],{"class":604},[50,133415,83],{"class":64},[50,133417,133418,133420,133422,133424,133426,133428,133431,133433,133435],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,133419,89],{"class":56},[50,133421,61],{"class":60},[50,133423,700],{"class":604},[50,133425,700],{"class":604},[50,133427,425],{"class":64},[50,133429,133430],{"class":101},"join",[50,133432,98],{"class":64},[50,133434,1088],{"class":101},[50,133436,105],{"class":64},[50,133438,133439,133441,133443,133445],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,133440,118],{"class":94},[50,133442,98],{"class":64},[50,133444,123],{"class":101},[50,133446,105],{"class":64},[20,133448,353],{},[41,133450,133452],{"className":43,"code":133451,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Python is fun\n",[15,133453,133454],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,133455,133456,133458,133460],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,133457,13],{"class":56},[50,133459,12268],{"class":60},[50,133461,133462],{"class":56}," fun\n",[20,133464,920,133465,133467],{},[15,133466,133353],{}," on the separator string. Every item in the iterable must be a string.",[36,133469,153,133471,156],{"id":133470},"what-join-does",[15,133472,133353],{},[20,133474,133475,133477],{},[15,133476,133353],{}," combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,133479,11534],{},[158,133481,133482,133489,133517,133520],{},[161,133483,133484,133485,133488],{},"It uses the string before ",[15,133486,133487],{},".join()"," as the separator",[161,133490,133491,133492],{},"Common separators are:\n",[158,133493,133494,133500,133506,133512],{},[161,133495,133496,133499],{},[15,133497,133498],{},"\" \""," for spaces",[161,133501,133502,133505],{},[15,133503,133504],{},"\", \""," for commas",[161,133507,133508,133511],{},[15,133509,133510],{},"\"-\""," for dashes",[161,133513,133514,133516],{},[15,133515,6350],{}," for no separator",[161,133518,133519],{},"It returns a new string",[161,133521,133522],{},"It does not change the original list or tuple",[20,133524,1602],{},[41,133526,133528],{"className":43,"code":133527,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nresult = \", \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(words)\n",[15,133529,133530,133562,133584,133588,133598],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,133531,133532,133534,133536,133538,133540,133542,133544,133546,133548,133550,133552,133554,133556,133558,133560],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,133533,1040],{"class":56},[50,133535,61],{"class":60},[50,133537,65],{"class":64},[50,133539,811],{"class":604},[50,133541,13166],{"class":608},[50,133543,811],{"class":604},[50,133545,72],{"class":64},[50,133547,700],{"class":604},[50,133549,17525],{"class":608},[50,133551,811],{"class":604},[50,133553,72],{"class":64},[50,133555,700],{"class":604},[50,133557,13183],{"class":608},[50,133559,811],{"class":604},[50,133561,83],{"class":64},[50,133563,133564,133566,133568,133570,133572,133574,133576,133578,133580,133582],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,133565,89],{"class":56},[50,133567,61],{"class":60},[50,133569,700],{"class":604},[50,133571,31],{"class":608},[50,133573,811],{"class":604},[50,133575,425],{"class":64},[50,133577,133430],{"class":101},[50,133579,98],{"class":64},[50,133581,1088],{"class":101},[50,133583,105],{"class":64},[50,133585,133586],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,133587,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,133589,133590,133592,133594,133596],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,133591,118],{"class":94},[50,133593,98],{"class":64},[50,133595,123],{"class":101},[50,133597,105],{"class":64},[50,133599,133600,133602,133604,133606],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,133601,118],{"class":94},[50,133603,98],{"class":64},[50,133605,1088],{"class":101},[50,133607,105],{"class":64},[20,133609,353],{},[41,133611,133613],{"className":43,"code":133612,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"red, green, blue\n['red', 'green', 'blue']\n",[15,133614,133615,133628],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,133616,133617,133619,133621,133624,133626],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,133618,13166],{"class":56},[50,133620,72],{"class":64},[50,133622,133623],{"class":56}," green",[50,133625,72],{"class":64},[50,133627,35950],{"class":56},[50,133629,133630,133632,133634,133636,133638,133640,133642,133644,133646,133648,133650,133652,133654],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,133631,363],{"class":64},[50,133633,611],{"class":604},[50,133635,13166],{"class":608},[50,133637,611],{"class":604},[50,133639,72],{"class":64},[50,133641,605],{"class":604},[50,133643,17525],{"class":608},[50,133645,611],{"class":604},[50,133647,72],{"class":64},[50,133649,605],{"class":604},[50,133651,13183],{"class":608},[50,133653,611],{"class":604},[50,133655,83],{"class":64},[20,133657,133658,133659,133661],{},"The list stays the same. ",[15,133660,133353],{}," creates a new string.",[36,133663,181],{"id":180},[20,133665,7297],{},[41,133667,133669],{"className":43,"code":133668,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"separator.join(iterable)\n",[15,133670,133671],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,133672,133673,133676,133678,133680,133682,133684],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,133674,133675],{"class":56},"separator",[50,133677,425],{"class":64},[50,133679,133430],{"class":101},[50,133681,98],{"class":64},[50,133683,196],{"class":101},[50,133685,105],{"class":64},[222,133687,49079],{"id":49078},[158,133689,133690,133703,133708],{},[161,133691,133692,133694,133695,31,133697,31,133699,2292,133701],{},[15,133693,133675],{}," is a string such as ",[15,133696,133498],{},[15,133698,133504],{},[15,133700,133510],{},[15,133702,6350],{},[161,133704,133705,133707],{},[15,133706,196],{}," is usually a list or tuple of strings",[161,133709,133710],{},"All items in the iterable must be strings",[20,133712,1602],{},[41,133714,133716],{"className":43,"code":133715,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nresult = \" | \".join(names)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133717,133718,133750,133773,133777],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,133719,133720,133722,133724,133726,133728,133730,133732,133734,133736,133738,133740,133742,133744,133746,133748],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,133721,5074],{"class":56},[50,133723,61],{"class":60},[50,133725,65],{"class":64},[50,133727,811],{"class":604},[50,133729,824],{"class":608},[50,133731,811],{"class":604},[50,133733,72],{"class":64},[50,133735,700],{"class":604},[50,133737,36010],{"class":608},[50,133739,811],{"class":604},[50,133741,72],{"class":64},[50,133743,700],{"class":604},[50,133745,36019],{"class":608},[50,133747,811],{"class":604},[50,133749,83],{"class":64},[50,133751,133752,133754,133756,133758,133761,133763,133765,133767,133769,133771],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,133753,89],{"class":56},[50,133755,61],{"class":60},[50,133757,700],{"class":604},[50,133759,133760],{"class":608}," | ",[50,133762,811],{"class":604},[50,133764,425],{"class":64},[50,133766,133430],{"class":101},[50,133768,98],{"class":64},[50,133770,5118],{"class":101},[50,133772,105],{"class":64},[50,133774,133775],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,133776,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,133778,133779,133781,133783,133785],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,133780,118],{"class":94},[50,133782,98],{"class":64},[50,133784,123],{"class":101},[50,133786,105],{"class":64},[20,133788,353],{},[41,133790,133792],{"className":43,"code":133791,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Ana | Ben | Cara\n",[15,133793,133794],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,133795,133796,133799,133801,133804,133806],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,133797,133798],{"class":56},"Ana ",[50,133800,113901],{"class":60},[50,133802,133803],{"class":56}," Ben ",[50,133805,113901],{"class":60},[50,133807,36091],{"class":56},[20,133809,133810,133811,425],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with strings, see ",[421,133812,125026],{"href":51045},[36,133814,121802],{"id":121801},[222,133816,133818],{"id":133817},"join-words-with-a-space","Join words with a space",[41,133820,133822],{"className":43,"code":133821,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133823,133824,133857,133877,133881],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,133825,133826,133828,133830,133832,133834,133836,133838,133840,133842,133844,133846,133848,133850,133853,133855],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,133827,1040],{"class":56},[50,133829,61],{"class":60},[50,133831,65],{"class":64},[50,133833,811],{"class":604},[50,133835,7376],{"class":608},[50,133837,811],{"class":604},[50,133839,72],{"class":64},[50,133841,700],{"class":604},[50,133843,12268],{"class":608},[50,133845,811],{"class":604},[50,133847,72],{"class":64},[50,133849,700],{"class":604},[50,133851,133852],{"class":608},"easy",[50,133854,811],{"class":604},[50,133856,83],{"class":64},[50,133858,133859,133861,133863,133865,133867,133869,133871,133873,133875],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,133860,89],{"class":56},[50,133862,61],{"class":60},[50,133864,700],{"class":604},[50,133866,700],{"class":604},[50,133868,425],{"class":64},[50,133870,133430],{"class":101},[50,133872,98],{"class":64},[50,133874,1088],{"class":101},[50,133876,105],{"class":64},[50,133878,133879],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,133880,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,133882,133883,133885,133887,133889],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,133884,118],{"class":94},[50,133886,98],{"class":64},[50,133888,123],{"class":101},[50,133890,105],{"class":64},[20,133892,353],{},[41,133894,133896],{"className":43,"code":133895,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Python is easy\n",[15,133897,133898],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,133899,133900,133902,133904],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,133901,13],{"class":56},[50,133903,12268],{"class":60},[50,133905,133906],{"class":56}," easy\n",[222,133908,133910],{"id":133909},"join-values-with-a-comma","Join values with a comma",[41,133912,133914],{"className":43,"code":133913,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [\"apples\", \"bananas\", \"oranges\"]\nresult = \", \".join(items)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133915,133916,133951,133973,133977],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,133917,133918,133920,133922,133924,133926,133929,133931,133933,133935,133938,133940,133942,133944,133947,133949],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,133919,7859],{"class":56},[50,133921,61],{"class":60},[50,133923,65],{"class":64},[50,133925,811],{"class":604},[50,133927,133928],{"class":608},"apples",[50,133930,811],{"class":604},[50,133932,72],{"class":64},[50,133934,700],{"class":604},[50,133936,133937],{"class":608},"bananas",[50,133939,811],{"class":604},[50,133941,72],{"class":64},[50,133943,700],{"class":604},[50,133945,133946],{"class":608},"oranges",[50,133948,811],{"class":604},[50,133950,83],{"class":64},[50,133952,133953,133955,133957,133959,133961,133963,133965,133967,133969,133971],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,133954,89],{"class":56},[50,133956,61],{"class":60},[50,133958,700],{"class":604},[50,133960,31],{"class":608},[50,133962,811],{"class":604},[50,133964,425],{"class":64},[50,133966,133430],{"class":101},[50,133968,98],{"class":64},[50,133970,7888],{"class":101},[50,133972,105],{"class":64},[50,133974,133975],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,133976,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,133978,133979,133981,133983,133985],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,133980,118],{"class":94},[50,133982,98],{"class":64},[50,133984,123],{"class":101},[50,133986,105],{"class":64},[20,133988,353],{},[41,133990,133992],{"className":43,"code":133991,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"apples, bananas, oranges\n",[15,133993,133994],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,133995,133996,133998,134000,134003,134005],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,133997,133928],{"class":56},[50,133999,72],{"class":64},[50,134001,134002],{"class":56}," bananas",[50,134004,72],{"class":64},[50,134006,134007],{"class":56}," oranges\n",[222,134009,134011],{"id":134010},"join-characters-with-an-empty-string","Join characters with an empty string",[41,134013,134015],{"className":43,"code":134014,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nresult = \"\".join(letters)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134016,134017,134074,134092,134096],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,134018,134019,134021,134023,134025,134027,134030,134032,134034,134036,134038,134040,134042,134044,134046,134048,134050,134052,134054,134056,134058,134060,134062,134064,134066,134068,134070,134072],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,134020,36160],{"class":56},[50,134022,61],{"class":60},[50,134024,65],{"class":64},[50,134026,811],{"class":604},[50,134028,134029],{"class":608},"P",[50,134031,811],{"class":604},[50,134033,72],{"class":64},[50,134035,700],{"class":604},[50,134037,780],{"class":608},[50,134039,811],{"class":604},[50,134041,72],{"class":64},[50,134043,700],{"class":604},[50,134045,771],{"class":608},[50,134047,811],{"class":604},[50,134049,72],{"class":64},[50,134051,700],{"class":604},[50,134053,736],{"class":608},[50,134055,811],{"class":604},[50,134057,72],{"class":64},[50,134059,700],{"class":604},[50,134061,754],{"class":608},[50,134063,811],{"class":604},[50,134065,72],{"class":64},[50,134067,700],{"class":604},[50,134069,745],{"class":608},[50,134071,811],{"class":604},[50,134073,83],{"class":64},[50,134075,134076,134078,134080,134082,134084,134086,134088,134090],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,134077,89],{"class":56},[50,134079,61],{"class":60},[50,134081,6204],{"class":604},[50,134083,425],{"class":64},[50,134085,133430],{"class":101},[50,134087,98],{"class":64},[50,134089,36213],{"class":101},[50,134091,105],{"class":64},[50,134093,134094],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,134095,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,134097,134098,134100,134102,134104],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,134099,118],{"class":94},[50,134101,98],{"class":64},[50,134103,123],{"class":101},[50,134105,105],{"class":64},[20,134107,353],{},[41,134109,134111],{"className":43,"code":134110,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Python\n",[15,134112,134113],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,134114,134115],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,134116,134110],{"class":56},[222,134118,134120,134121,134123],{"id":134119},"show-that-join-returns-the-result","Show that ",[15,134122,133353],{}," returns the result",[41,134125,134127],{"className":43,"code":134126,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\njoined_text = \"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(joined_text)\n",[15,134128,134129,134162,134185,134189],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,134130,134131,134133,134135,134137,134139,134141,134143,134145,134147,134149,134151,134153,134155,134158,134160],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,134132,1040],{"class":56},[50,134134,61],{"class":60},[50,134136,65],{"class":64},[50,134138,811],{"class":604},[50,134140,6663],{"class":608},[50,134142,811],{"class":604},[50,134144,72],{"class":64},[50,134146,700],{"class":604},[50,134148,79318],{"class":608},[50,134150,811],{"class":604},[50,134152,72],{"class":64},[50,134154,700],{"class":604},[50,134156,134157],{"class":608},"three",[50,134159,811],{"class":604},[50,134161,83],{"class":64},[50,134163,134164,134167,134169,134171,134173,134175,134177,134179,134181,134183],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,134165,134166],{"class":56},"joined_text ",[50,134168,61],{"class":60},[50,134170,700],{"class":604},[50,134172,2124],{"class":608},[50,134174,811],{"class":604},[50,134176,425],{"class":64},[50,134178,133430],{"class":101},[50,134180,98],{"class":64},[50,134182,1088],{"class":101},[50,134184,105],{"class":64},[50,134186,134187],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,134188,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,134190,134191,134193,134195,134198],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,134192,118],{"class":94},[50,134194,98],{"class":64},[50,134196,134197],{"class":101},"joined_text",[50,134199,105],{"class":64},[20,134201,353],{},[41,134203,134205],{"className":43,"code":134204,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"one-two-three\n",[15,134206,134207],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,134208,134209,134211,134213,134215,134217],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,134210,6663],{"class":56},[50,134212,2124],{"class":60},[50,134214,79318],{"class":56},[50,134216,2124],{"class":60},[50,134218,134219],{"class":56},"three\n",[36,134221,134223],{"id":134222},"using-different-separators","Using different separators",[20,134225,134226],{},"The separator controls what appears between each item.",[222,134228,134230,134233],{"id":134229},"join-adds-spaces",[15,134231,134232],{},"\" \".join(...)"," adds spaces",[41,134235,134237],{"className":43,"code":134236,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\" \".join(words))\n",[15,134238,134239,134263],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,134240,134241,134243,134245,134247,134249,134251,134253,134255,134257,134259,134261],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,134242,1040],{"class":56},[50,134244,61],{"class":60},[50,134246,65],{"class":64},[50,134248,811],{"class":604},[50,134250,3926],{"class":608},[50,134252,811],{"class":604},[50,134254,72],{"class":64},[50,134256,700],{"class":604},[50,134258,60656],{"class":608},[50,134260,811],{"class":604},[50,134262,83],{"class":64},[50,134264,134265,134267,134269,134271,134273,134275,134277,134279,134281],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,134266,118],{"class":94},[50,134268,98],{"class":64},[50,134270,811],{"class":604},[50,134272,700],{"class":604},[50,134274,425],{"class":64},[50,134276,133430],{"class":101},[50,134278,98],{"class":64},[50,134280,1088],{"class":101},[50,134282,478],{"class":64},[20,134284,353],{},[41,134286,134288],{"className":43,"code":134287,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"hello world\n",[15,134289,134290],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,134291,134292],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,134293,134287],{"class":56},[222,134295,134297,134300],{"id":134296},"join-creates-comma-separated-text",[15,134298,134299],{},"\", \".join(...)"," creates comma-separated text",[41,134302,134304],{"className":43,"code":134303,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\", \".join(colors))\n",[15,134305,134306,134338],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,134307,134308,134310,134312,134314,134316,134318,134320,134322,134324,134326,134328,134330,134332,134334,134336],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,134309,13149],{"class":56},[50,134311,61],{"class":60},[50,134313,65],{"class":64},[50,134315,811],{"class":604},[50,134317,13166],{"class":608},[50,134319,811],{"class":604},[50,134321,72],{"class":64},[50,134323,700],{"class":604},[50,134325,13183],{"class":608},[50,134327,811],{"class":604},[50,134329,72],{"class":64},[50,134331,700],{"class":604},[50,134333,17525],{"class":608},[50,134335,811],{"class":604},[50,134337,83],{"class":64},[50,134339,134340,134342,134344,134346,134348,134350,134352,134354,134356,134358],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,134341,118],{"class":94},[50,134343,98],{"class":64},[50,134345,811],{"class":604},[50,134347,31],{"class":608},[50,134349,811],{"class":604},[50,134351,425],{"class":64},[50,134353,133430],{"class":101},[50,134355,98],{"class":64},[50,134357,17572],{"class":101},[50,134359,478],{"class":64},[20,134361,353],{},[41,134363,134365],{"className":43,"code":134364,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"red, blue, green\n",[15,134366,134367],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,134368,134369,134371,134373,134376,134378],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,134370,13166],{"class":56},[50,134372,72],{"class":64},[50,134374,134375],{"class":56}," blue",[50,134377,72],{"class":64},[50,134379,35943],{"class":56},[20,134381,134382],{},"This is useful when building simple CSV-style text.",[222,134384,134386,134389],{"id":134385},"join-is-useful-for-slugs-or-ids",[15,134387,134388],{},"\"-\".join(...)"," is useful for slugs or IDs",[41,134391,134393],{"className":43,"code":134392,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"parts = [\"python\", \"string\", \"join\"]\nprint(\"-\".join(parts))\n",[15,134394,134395,134427],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,134396,134397,134399,134401,134403,134405,134407,134409,134411,134413,134415,134417,134419,134421,134423,134425],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,134398,42905],{"class":56},[50,134400,61],{"class":60},[50,134402,65],{"class":64},[50,134404,811],{"class":604},[50,134406,45],{"class":608},[50,134408,811],{"class":604},[50,134410,72],{"class":64},[50,134412,700],{"class":604},[50,134414,684],{"class":608},[50,134416,811],{"class":604},[50,134418,72],{"class":64},[50,134420,700],{"class":604},[50,134422,133430],{"class":608},[50,134424,811],{"class":604},[50,134426,83],{"class":64},[50,134428,134429,134431,134433,134435,134437,134439,134441,134443,134445,134447],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,134430,118],{"class":94},[50,134432,98],{"class":64},[50,134434,811],{"class":604},[50,134436,2124],{"class":608},[50,134438,811],{"class":604},[50,134440,425],{"class":64},[50,134442,133430],{"class":101},[50,134444,98],{"class":64},[50,134446,42937],{"class":101},[50,134448,478],{"class":64},[20,134450,353],{},[41,134452,134454],{"className":43,"code":134453,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"python-string-join\n",[15,134455,134456],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,134457,134458,134460,134462,134464,134466],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,134459,45],{"class":56},[50,134461,2124],{"class":60},[50,134463,684],{"class":56},[50,134465,2124],{"class":60},[50,134467,134468],{"class":56},"join\n",[222,134470,134472,134475],{"id":134471},"join-joins-with-no-separator",[15,134473,134474],{},"\"\".join(...)"," joins with no separator",[41,134477,134479],{"className":43,"code":134478,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"chars = [\"A\", \"B\", \"C\"]\nprint(\"\".join(chars))\n",[15,134480,134481,134514],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,134482,134483,134485,134487,134489,134491,134493,134495,134497,134499,134501,134503,134505,134507,134510,134512],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,134484,112973],{"class":56},[50,134486,61],{"class":60},[50,134488,65],{"class":64},[50,134490,811],{"class":604},[50,134492,22314],{"class":608},[50,134494,811],{"class":604},[50,134496,72],{"class":64},[50,134498,700],{"class":604},[50,134500,30669],{"class":608},[50,134502,811],{"class":604},[50,134504,72],{"class":64},[50,134506,700],{"class":604},[50,134508,134509],{"class":608},"C",[50,134511,811],{"class":604},[50,134513,83],{"class":64},[50,134515,134516,134518,134520,134522,134524,134526,134528,134531],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,134517,118],{"class":94},[50,134519,98],{"class":64},[50,134521,6350],{"class":604},[50,134523,425],{"class":64},[50,134525,133430],{"class":101},[50,134527,98],{"class":64},[50,134529,134530],{"class":101},"chars",[50,134532,478],{"class":64},[20,134534,353],{},[41,134536,134538],{"className":43,"code":134537,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"ABC\n",[15,134539,134540],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,134541,134542],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,134543,134537],{"class":34524},[36,134545,134547],{"id":134546},"what-types-of-values-work","What types of values work",[20,134549,134550,134552],{},[15,134551,133353],{}," works when every item is already a string.",[222,134554,134556],{"id":134555},"this-works","This works",[41,134558,134560],{"className":43,"code":134559,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"values = [\"10\", \"20\", \"30\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134561,134562,134594],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,134563,134564,134566,134568,134570,134572,134574,134576,134578,134580,134582,134584,134586,134588,134590,134592],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,134565,516],{"class":56},[50,134567,61],{"class":60},[50,134569,65],{"class":64},[50,134571,811],{"class":604},[50,134573,1618],{"class":608},[50,134575,811],{"class":604},[50,134577,72],{"class":64},[50,134579,700],{"class":604},[50,134581,15826],{"class":608},[50,134583,811],{"class":604},[50,134585,72],{"class":64},[50,134587,700],{"class":604},[50,134589,36910],{"class":608},[50,134591,811],{"class":604},[50,134593,83],{"class":64},[50,134595,134596,134598,134600,134602,134604,134606,134608,134610,134612,134614],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,134597,118],{"class":94},[50,134599,98],{"class":64},[50,134601,811],{"class":604},[50,134603,31],{"class":608},[50,134605,811],{"class":604},[50,134607,425],{"class":64},[50,134609,133430],{"class":101},[50,134611,98],{"class":64},[50,134613,546],{"class":101},[50,134615,478],{"class":64},[20,134617,353],{},[41,134619,134621],{"className":43,"code":134620,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"10, 20, 30\n",[15,134622,134623],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,134624,134625,134627,134629,134631,134633],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,134626,1618],{"class":68},[50,134628,72],{"class":64},[50,134630,840],{"class":68},[50,134632,72],{"class":64},[50,134634,134635],{"class":68}," 30\n",[222,134637,134639],{"id":134638},"numbers-do-not-work-directly","Numbers do not work directly",[41,134641,134643],{"className":43,"code":134642,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134644,134645,134665],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,134646,134647,134649,134651,134653,134655,134657,134659,134661,134663],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,134648,516],{"class":56},[50,134650,61],{"class":60},[50,134652,65],{"class":64},[50,134654,366],{"class":68},[50,134656,72],{"class":64},[50,134658,80],{"class":68},[50,134660,72],{"class":64},[50,134662,500],{"class":68},[50,134664,83],{"class":64},[50,134666,134667,134669,134671,134673,134675,134677,134679,134681,134683,134685],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,134668,118],{"class":94},[50,134670,98],{"class":64},[50,134672,811],{"class":604},[50,134674,31],{"class":608},[50,134676,811],{"class":604},[50,134678,425],{"class":64},[50,134680,133430],{"class":101},[50,134682,98],{"class":64},[50,134684,546],{"class":101},[50,134686,478],{"class":64},[20,134688,90353,134689,134691],{},[15,134690,1542],{}," because the list contains integers, not strings.",[20,134693,134694],{},"To fix it, convert the values first:",[41,134696,134698],{"className":43,"code":134697,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134699,134700,134720,134750,134754],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,134701,134702,134704,134706,134708,134710,134712,134714,134716,134718],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,134703,516],{"class":56},[50,134705,61],{"class":60},[50,134707,65],{"class":64},[50,134709,366],{"class":68},[50,134711,72],{"class":64},[50,134713,80],{"class":68},[50,134715,72],{"class":64},[50,134717,500],{"class":68},[50,134719,83],{"class":64},[50,134721,134722,134724,134726,134728,134730,134732,134734,134736,134738,134740,134742,134744,134746,134748],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,134723,89],{"class":56},[50,134725,61],{"class":60},[50,134727,700],{"class":604},[50,134729,31],{"class":608},[50,134731,811],{"class":604},[50,134733,425],{"class":64},[50,134735,133430],{"class":101},[50,134737,98],{"class":64},[50,134739,39928],{"class":94},[50,134741,98],{"class":64},[50,134743,1395],{"class":557},[50,134745,72],{"class":64},[50,134747,3967],{"class":101},[50,134749,478],{"class":64},[50,134751,134752],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,134753,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,134755,134756,134758,134760,134762],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,134757,118],{"class":94},[50,134759,98],{"class":64},[50,134761,123],{"class":101},[50,134763,105],{"class":64},[20,134765,353],{},[41,134767,134769],{"className":43,"code":134768,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"1, 2, 3\n",[15,134770,134771],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,134772,134773,134775,134777,134779,134781],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,134774,366],{"class":68},[50,134776,72],{"class":64},[50,134778,80],{"class":68},[50,134780,72],{"class":64},[50,134782,2675],{"class":68},[20,134784,134785,134786,425],{},"If you need a clearer explanation of string conversion, see ",[421,134787,13,134788,1461],{"href":42245},[15,134789,47754],{},[222,134791,134793,134795],{"id":134792},"none-values-do-not-work-directly",[15,134794,208],{}," values do not work directly",[41,134797,134799],{"className":43,"code":134798,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134800,134801,134829],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,134802,134803,134805,134807,134809,134811,134813,134815,134817,134819,134821,134823,134825,134827],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,134804,516],{"class":56},[50,134806,61],{"class":60},[50,134808,65],{"class":64},[50,134810,811],{"class":604},[50,134812,1049],{"class":608},[50,134814,811],{"class":604},[50,134816,72],{"class":64},[50,134818,3933],{"class":207},[50,134820,72],{"class":64},[50,134822,700],{"class":604},[50,134824,1058],{"class":608},[50,134826,811],{"class":604},[50,134828,83],{"class":64},[50,134830,134831,134833,134835,134837,134839,134841,134843,134845,134847,134849],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,134832,118],{"class":94},[50,134834,98],{"class":64},[50,134836,811],{"class":604},[50,134838,31],{"class":608},[50,134840,811],{"class":604},[50,134842,425],{"class":64},[50,134844,133430],{"class":101},[50,134846,98],{"class":64},[50,134848,546],{"class":101},[50,134850,478],{"class":64},[20,134852,134853,134854,425],{},"This also causes a ",[15,134855,1542],{},[20,134857,134858],{},"One fix is to convert values to strings:",[41,134860,134862],{"className":43,"code":134861,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134863,134864,134892,134922,134926],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,134865,134866,134868,134870,134872,134874,134876,134878,134880,134882,134884,134886,134888,134890],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,134867,516],{"class":56},[50,134869,61],{"class":60},[50,134871,65],{"class":64},[50,134873,811],{"class":604},[50,134875,1049],{"class":608},[50,134877,811],{"class":604},[50,134879,72],{"class":64},[50,134881,3933],{"class":207},[50,134883,72],{"class":64},[50,134885,700],{"class":604},[50,134887,1058],{"class":608},[50,134889,811],{"class":604},[50,134891,83],{"class":64},[50,134893,134894,134896,134898,134900,134902,134904,134906,134908,134910,134912,134914,134916,134918,134920],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,134895,89],{"class":56},[50,134897,61],{"class":60},[50,134899,700],{"class":604},[50,134901,31],{"class":608},[50,134903,811],{"class":604},[50,134905,425],{"class":64},[50,134907,133430],{"class":101},[50,134909,98],{"class":64},[50,134911,39928],{"class":94},[50,134913,98],{"class":64},[50,134915,1395],{"class":557},[50,134917,72],{"class":64},[50,134919,3967],{"class":101},[50,134921,478],{"class":64},[50,134923,134924],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,134925,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,134927,134928,134930,134932,134934],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,134929,118],{"class":94},[50,134931,98],{"class":64},[50,134933,123],{"class":101},[50,134935,105],{"class":64},[20,134937,353],{},[41,134939,134941],{"className":43,"code":134940,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"apple, None, banana\n",[15,134942,134943],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,134944,134945,134947,134949,134951,134953],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,134946,1049],{"class":56},[50,134948,72],{"class":64},[50,134950,3933],{"class":207},[50,134952,72],{"class":64},[50,134954,134955],{"class":56}," banana\n",[20,134957,134958,134959,134961],{},"Be careful with this approach. Sometimes you may want to remove ",[15,134960,208],{}," values instead of converting them.",[222,134963,134965,134967],{"id":134964},"join-also-works-with-tuples",[15,134966,133353],{}," also works with tuples",[41,134969,134971],{"className":43,"code":134970,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"names = (\"Sam\", \"Lee\", \"Mia\")\nprint(\" \u002F \".join(names))\n",[15,134972,134973,135005],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,134974,134975,134977,134979,134981,134983,134985,134987,134989,134991,134993,134995,134997,134999,135001,135003],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,134976,5074],{"class":56},[50,134978,61],{"class":60},[50,134980,521],{"class":64},[50,134982,811],{"class":604},[50,134984,7756],{"class":608},[50,134986,811],{"class":604},[50,134988,72],{"class":64},[50,134990,700],{"class":604},[50,134992,131359],{"class":608},[50,134994,811],{"class":604},[50,134996,72],{"class":64},[50,134998,700],{"class":604},[50,135000,8000],{"class":608},[50,135002,811],{"class":604},[50,135004,105],{"class":64},[50,135006,135007,135009,135011,135013,135016,135018,135020,135022,135024,135026],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,135008,118],{"class":94},[50,135010,98],{"class":64},[50,135012,811],{"class":604},[50,135014,135015],{"class":608}," \u002F ",[50,135017,811],{"class":604},[50,135019,425],{"class":64},[50,135021,133430],{"class":101},[50,135023,98],{"class":64},[50,135025,5118],{"class":101},[50,135027,478],{"class":64},[20,135029,353],{},[41,135031,135033],{"className":43,"code":135032,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Sam \u002F Lee \u002F Mia\n",[15,135034,135035],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,135036,135037,135040,135042,135045,135047],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,135038,135039],{"class":56},"Sam ",[50,135041,127163],{"class":60},[50,135043,135044],{"class":56}," Lee ",[50,135046,127163],{"class":60},[50,135048,22403],{"class":56},[36,135050,135052,135053],{"id":135051},"common-errors-with-join","Common errors with ",[15,135054,133353],{},[20,135056,135057],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes.",[222,135059,135061,135062,135064],{"id":135060},"_1-typeerror-because-not-all-items-are-strings","1. ",[15,135063,1542],{}," because not all items are strings",[41,135066,135068],{"className":43,"code":135067,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(items))\n",[15,135069,135070,135098],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,135071,135072,135074,135076,135078,135080,135082,135084,135086,135088,135090,135092,135094,135096],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,135073,7859],{"class":56},[50,135075,61],{"class":60},[50,135077,65],{"class":64},[50,135079,811],{"class":604},[50,135081,421],{"class":608},[50,135083,811],{"class":604},[50,135085,72],{"class":64},[50,135087,80],{"class":68},[50,135089,72],{"class":64},[50,135091,700],{"class":604},[50,135093,9817],{"class":608},[50,135095,811],{"class":604},[50,135097,83],{"class":64},[50,135099,135100,135102,135104,135106,135108,135110,135112,135114,135116],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,135101,118],{"class":94},[50,135103,98],{"class":64},[50,135105,811],{"class":604},[50,135107,700],{"class":604},[50,135109,425],{"class":64},[50,135111,133430],{"class":101},[50,135113,98],{"class":64},[50,135115,7888],{"class":101},[50,135117,478],{"class":64},[20,135119,1654,135120,135122],{},[15,135121,1564],{}," is an integer.",[20,135124,39330],{},[41,135126,135128],{"className":43,"code":135127,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(map(str, items)))\n",[15,135129,135130,135158],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,135131,135132,135134,135136,135138,135140,135142,135144,135146,135148,135150,135152,135154,135156],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,135133,7859],{"class":56},[50,135135,61],{"class":60},[50,135137,65],{"class":64},[50,135139,811],{"class":604},[50,135141,421],{"class":608},[50,135143,811],{"class":604},[50,135145,72],{"class":64},[50,135147,80],{"class":68},[50,135149,72],{"class":64},[50,135151,700],{"class":604},[50,135153,9817],{"class":608},[50,135155,811],{"class":604},[50,135157,83],{"class":64},[50,135159,135160,135162,135164,135166,135168,135170,135172,135174,135176,135178,135180,135182,135184],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,135161,118],{"class":94},[50,135163,98],{"class":64},[50,135165,811],{"class":604},[50,135167,700],{"class":604},[50,135169,425],{"class":64},[50,135171,133430],{"class":101},[50,135173,98],{"class":64},[50,135175,39928],{"class":94},[50,135177,98],{"class":64},[50,135179,1395],{"class":557},[50,135181,72],{"class":64},[50,135183,6043],{"class":101},[50,135185,569],{"class":64},[20,135187,135188,135189,425],{},"If you see an error like this, read ",[421,135190,25748,135192],{"href":135191},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-sequence-item-0-expected-str-instance-fix\u002F",[15,135193,135194],{},"TypeError: sequence item 0: expected str instance",[222,135196,135198,135199,135201],{"id":135197},"_2-calling-join-on-a-list-instead-of-a-string","2. Calling ",[15,135200,133353],{}," on a list instead of a string",[20,135203,4605],{},[41,135205,135207],{"className":43,"code":135206,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = words.join(\" \")\n",[15,135208,135209,135241],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,135210,135211,135213,135215,135217,135219,135221,135223,135225,135227,135229,135231,135233,135235,135237,135239],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,135212,1040],{"class":56},[50,135214,61],{"class":60},[50,135216,65],{"class":64},[50,135218,811],{"class":604},[50,135220,7376],{"class":608},[50,135222,811],{"class":604},[50,135224,72],{"class":64},[50,135226,700],{"class":604},[50,135228,12268],{"class":608},[50,135230,811],{"class":604},[50,135232,72],{"class":64},[50,135234,700],{"class":604},[50,135236,133411],{"class":608},[50,135238,811],{"class":604},[50,135240,83],{"class":64},[50,135242,135243,135245,135247,135249,135251,135253,135255,135257,135259],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,135244,89],{"class":56},[50,135246,61],{"class":60},[50,135248,6246],{"class":56},[50,135250,425],{"class":64},[50,135252,133430],{"class":101},[50,135254,98],{"class":64},[50,135256,811],{"class":604},[50,135258,700],{"class":604},[50,135260,105],{"class":64},[20,135262,135263,135265],{},[15,135264,133353],{}," is a string method, not a list method.",[20,135267,10883],{},[41,135269,135271],{"className":43,"code":135270,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135272,135273,135305,135325,135329],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,135274,135275,135277,135279,135281,135283,135285,135287,135289,135291,135293,135295,135297,135299,135301,135303],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,135276,1040],{"class":56},[50,135278,61],{"class":60},[50,135280,65],{"class":64},[50,135282,811],{"class":604},[50,135284,7376],{"class":608},[50,135286,811],{"class":604},[50,135288,72],{"class":64},[50,135290,700],{"class":604},[50,135292,12268],{"class":608},[50,135294,811],{"class":604},[50,135296,72],{"class":64},[50,135298,700],{"class":604},[50,135300,133411],{"class":608},[50,135302,811],{"class":604},[50,135304,83],{"class":64},[50,135306,135307,135309,135311,135313,135315,135317,135319,135321,135323],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,135308,89],{"class":56},[50,135310,61],{"class":60},[50,135312,700],{"class":604},[50,135314,700],{"class":604},[50,135316,425],{"class":64},[50,135318,133430],{"class":101},[50,135320,98],{"class":64},[50,135322,1088],{"class":101},[50,135324,105],{"class":64},[50,135326,135327],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,135328,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,135330,135331,135333,135335,135337],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,135332,118],{"class":94},[50,135334,98],{"class":64},[50,135336,123],{"class":101},[50,135338,105],{"class":64},[222,135340,135342],{"id":135341},"_3-using-the-wrong-separator","3. Using the wrong separator",[41,135344,135346],{"className":43,"code":135345,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,135347,135348,135380],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,135349,135350,135352,135354,135356,135358,135360,135362,135364,135366,135368,135370,135372,135374,135376,135378],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,135351,1040],{"class":56},[50,135353,61],{"class":60},[50,135355,65],{"class":64},[50,135357,811],{"class":604},[50,135359,6663],{"class":608},[50,135361,811],{"class":604},[50,135363,72],{"class":64},[50,135365,700],{"class":604},[50,135367,79318],{"class":608},[50,135369,811],{"class":604},[50,135371,72],{"class":64},[50,135373,700],{"class":604},[50,135375,134157],{"class":608},[50,135377,811],{"class":604},[50,135379,83],{"class":64},[50,135381,135382,135384,135386,135388,135390,135392,135394,135396],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,135383,118],{"class":94},[50,135385,98],{"class":64},[50,135387,6350],{"class":604},[50,135389,425],{"class":64},[50,135391,133430],{"class":101},[50,135393,98],{"class":64},[50,135395,1088],{"class":101},[50,135397,478],{"class":64},[20,135399,353],{},[41,135401,135403],{"className":43,"code":135402,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"onetwothree\n",[15,135404,135405],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,135406,135407],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,135408,135402],{"class":56},[20,135410,135411,135412,6709],{},"If you wanted spaces, use ",[15,135413,133498],{},[222,135415,135417,135418,131621],{"id":135416},"_4-forgetting-that-join-returns-a-new-string","4. Forgetting that ",[15,135419,133353],{},[41,135421,135423],{"className":43,"code":135422,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,135424,135425,135457,135475,135479],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,135426,135427,135429,135431,135433,135435,135437,135439,135441,135443,135445,135447,135449,135451,135453,135455],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,135428,1040],{"class":56},[50,135430,61],{"class":60},[50,135432,65],{"class":64},[50,135434,811],{"class":604},[50,135436,421],{"class":608},[50,135438,811],{"class":604},[50,135440,72],{"class":64},[50,135442,700],{"class":604},[50,135444,4839],{"class":608},[50,135446,811],{"class":604},[50,135448,72],{"class":64},[50,135450,700],{"class":604},[50,135452,9817],{"class":608},[50,135454,811],{"class":604},[50,135456,83],{"class":64},[50,135458,135459,135461,135463,135465,135467,135469,135471,135473],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,135460,811],{"class":43397},[50,135462,2124],{"class":43401},[50,135464,811],{"class":43397},[50,135466,425],{"class":64},[50,135468,133430],{"class":101},[50,135470,98],{"class":64},[50,135472,1088],{"class":101},[50,135474,105],{"class":64},[50,135476,135477],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,135478,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,135480,135481,135483,135485,135487],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,135482,118],{"class":94},[50,135484,98],{"class":64},[50,135486,1088],{"class":101},[50,135488,105],{"class":64},[20,135490,353],{},[41,135492,135493],{"className":43,"code":42944,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,135494,135495],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,135496,135497,135499,135501,135503,135505,135507,135509,135511,135513,135515,135517,135519,135521],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,135498,363],{"class":64},[50,135500,611],{"class":604},[50,135502,421],{"class":608},[50,135504,611],{"class":604},[50,135506,72],{"class":64},[50,135508,605],{"class":604},[50,135510,4839],{"class":608},[50,135512,611],{"class":604},[50,135514,72],{"class":64},[50,135516,605],{"class":604},[50,135518,9817],{"class":608},[50,135520,611],{"class":604},[50,135522,83],{"class":64},[20,135524,135525,135526,135528],{},"The list is unchanged because ",[15,135527,133353],{}," returns a new string. You need to store or print the result.",[36,135530,135532,135534,135535],{"id":135531},"join-vs-concatenation-with",[15,135533,133353],{}," vs concatenation with ",[15,135536,2161],{},[20,135538,10666,135539,4472,135541,135543],{},[15,135540,133353],{},[15,135542,2161],{}," can combine strings, but they are used in different situations.",[222,135545,920,135547,135549],{"id":135546},"use-for-a-small-number-of-fixed-strings",[15,135548,2161],{}," for a small number of fixed strings",[41,135551,135553],{"className":43,"code":135552,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"first = \"Hello\"\nsecond = \"World\"\nresult = first + \" \" + second\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135554,135555,135568,135581,135601,135605],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,135556,135557,135560,135562,135564,135566],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,135558,135559],{"class":56},"first ",[50,135561,61],{"class":60},[50,135563,700],{"class":604},[50,135565,34937],{"class":608},[50,135567,705],{"class":604},[50,135569,135570,135573,135575,135577,135579],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,135571,135572],{"class":56},"second ",[50,135574,61],{"class":60},[50,135576,700],{"class":604},[50,135578,89782],{"class":608},[50,135580,705],{"class":604},[50,135582,135583,135585,135587,135590,135592,135594,135596,135598],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,135584,89],{"class":56},[50,135586,61],{"class":60},[50,135588,135589],{"class":56}," first ",[50,135591,2161],{"class":60},[50,135593,700],{"class":604},[50,135595,700],{"class":604},[50,135597,2551],{"class":60},[50,135599,135600],{"class":56}," second\n",[50,135602,135603],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,135604,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,135606,135607,135609,135611,135613],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,135608,118],{"class":94},[50,135610,98],{"class":64},[50,135612,123],{"class":101},[50,135614,105],{"class":64},[20,135616,353],{},[41,135618,135620],{"className":43,"code":135619,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Hello World\n",[15,135621,135622],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,135623,135624],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,135625,135619],{"class":56},[222,135627,920,135629,135631],{"id":135628},"use-join-for-many-strings-or-a-list-of-strings",[15,135630,133353],{}," for many strings or a list of strings",[41,135633,135635],{"className":43,"code":135634,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"Python\", \"makes\", \"this\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135636,135637,135679,135699,135703],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,135638,135639,135641,135643,135645,135647,135649,135651,135653,135655,135658,135660,135662,135664,135667,135669,135671,135673,135675,135677],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,135640,1040],{"class":56},[50,135642,61],{"class":60},[50,135644,65],{"class":64},[50,135646,811],{"class":604},[50,135648,7376],{"class":608},[50,135650,811],{"class":604},[50,135652,72],{"class":64},[50,135654,700],{"class":604},[50,135656,135657],{"class":608},"makes",[50,135659,811],{"class":604},[50,135661,72],{"class":64},[50,135663,700],{"class":604},[50,135665,135666],{"class":608},"this",[50,135668,811],{"class":604},[50,135670,72],{"class":64},[50,135672,700],{"class":604},[50,135674,133852],{"class":608},[50,135676,811],{"class":604},[50,135678,83],{"class":64},[50,135680,135681,135683,135685,135687,135689,135691,135693,135695,135697],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,135682,89],{"class":56},[50,135684,61],{"class":60},[50,135686,700],{"class":604},[50,135688,700],{"class":604},[50,135690,425],{"class":64},[50,135692,133430],{"class":101},[50,135694,98],{"class":64},[50,135696,1088],{"class":101},[50,135698,105],{"class":64},[50,135700,135701],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,135702,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,135704,135705,135707,135709,135711],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,135706,118],{"class":94},[50,135708,98],{"class":64},[50,135710,123],{"class":101},[50,135712,105],{"class":64},[20,135714,353],{},[41,135716,135718],{"className":43,"code":135717,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Python makes this easy\n",[15,135719,135720],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,135721,135722],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,135723,135717],{"class":56},[20,135725,135726,135728],{},[15,135727,133353],{}," is usually cleaner when:",[158,135730,135731,135734,135737],{},[161,135732,135733],{},"You already have a list of strings",[161,135735,135736],{},"You want the same separator between every item",[161,135738,135739,135740,135742],{},"You want to avoid writing many ",[15,135741,2161],{}," operators",[20,135744,135745,135746,425],{},"For a task-focused guide, see ",[421,135747,135749],{"href":135748},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-join-strings-in-python\u002F","how to join strings in Python",[36,135751,135753],{"id":135752},"common-mistakes-to-check","Common mistakes to check",[20,135755,8955,135756,135758],{},[15,135757,133353],{}," is not working, check these first:",[158,135760,135761,135764,135769,135778,135784],{},[161,135762,135763],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains integers",[161,135765,135766,135767],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains ",[15,135768,208],{},[161,135770,135771,135772,1940,135775],{},"You may have written ",[15,135773,135774],{},"list.join(...)",[15,135776,135777],{},"string.join(...)",[161,135779,135780,135781,135783],{},"You may be expecting ",[15,135782,133353],{}," to change the original iterable",[161,135785,135786],{},"You may have passed a non-iterable value",[20,135788,94420],{},[41,135790,135792],{"className":43,"code":135791,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(type(items))\nprint(items)\nprint([type(item) for item in items])\nprint(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))\nprint(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))\n",[15,135793,135794,135808,135818,135842,135882],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,135795,135796,135798,135800,135802,135804,135806],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,135797,118],{"class":94},[50,135799,98],{"class":64},[50,135801,558],{"class":557},[50,135803,98],{"class":64},[50,135805,7888],{"class":101},[50,135807,478],{"class":64},[50,135809,135810,135812,135814,135816],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,135811,118],{"class":94},[50,135813,98],{"class":64},[50,135815,7888],{"class":101},[50,135817,105],{"class":64},[50,135819,135820,135822,135824,135826,135828,135830,135832,135834,135836,135838,135840],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,135821,118],{"class":94},[50,135823,1792],{"class":64},[50,135825,558],{"class":557},[50,135827,98],{"class":64},[50,135829,23379],{"class":101},[50,135831,126],{"class":64},[50,135833,3958],{"class":3957},[50,135835,6038],{"class":101},[50,135837,3964],{"class":3957},[50,135839,6043],{"class":101},[50,135841,3970],{"class":64},[50,135843,135844,135846,135848,135850,135852,135854,135856,135858,135860,135862,135864,135866,135868,135870,135872,135874,135876,135878,135880],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,135845,118],{"class":94},[50,135847,98],{"class":64},[50,135849,611],{"class":604},[50,135851,605],{"class":604},[50,135853,425],{"class":64},[50,135855,133430],{"class":101},[50,135857,1792],{"class":64},[50,135859,611],{"class":604},[50,135861,421],{"class":608},[50,135863,611],{"class":604},[50,135865,72],{"class":64},[50,135867,605],{"class":604},[50,135869,4839],{"class":608},[50,135871,611],{"class":604},[50,135873,72],{"class":64},[50,135875,605],{"class":604},[50,135877,9817],{"class":608},[50,135879,611],{"class":604},[50,135881,1805],{"class":64},[50,135883,135884,135886,135888,135890,135892,135894,135896,135898,135900,135902,135904,135906,135908,135910,135912,135914,135916,135918,135920],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,135885,118],{"class":94},[50,135887,98],{"class":64},[50,135889,611],{"class":604},[50,135891,31],{"class":608},[50,135893,611],{"class":604},[50,135895,425],{"class":64},[50,135897,133430],{"class":101},[50,135899,98],{"class":64},[50,135901,39928],{"class":94},[50,135903,98],{"class":64},[50,135905,1395],{"class":557},[50,135907,72],{"class":64},[50,135909,65],{"class":64},[50,135911,366],{"class":68},[50,135913,72],{"class":64},[50,135915,80],{"class":68},[50,135917,72],{"class":64},[50,135919,500],{"class":68},[50,135921,37334],{"class":64},[20,135923,135924],{},"What these checks do:",[158,135926,135927,135935,135941,135947,135956],{},[161,135928,135929,135932,135933,8175],{},[15,135930,135931],{},"print(type(items))"," shows what kind of value ",[15,135934,7888],{},[161,135936,135937,135940],{},[15,135938,135939],{},"print(items)"," shows the actual contents",[161,135942,135943,135946],{},[15,135944,135945],{},"print([type(item) for item in items])"," shows the type of each item",[161,135948,135949,135952,135953,135955],{},[15,135950,135951],{},"print(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))"," confirms normal ",[15,135954,133353],{}," behavior",[161,135957,135958,135961],{},[15,135959,135960],{},"print(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))"," shows how to join numbers after converting them",[36,135963,1913],{"id":1912},[222,135965,1917,135967,135969],{"id":135966},"does-join-work-with-numbers",[15,135968,133353],{}," work with numbers?",[20,135971,135972,135973,135975,135976,425],{},"Not directly. ",[15,135974,133353],{}," needs strings. Convert numbers first, for example with ",[15,135977,135978],{},"map(str, values)",[222,135980,1917,135982,1920],{"id":135981},"does-join-change-the-original-list",[15,135983,133353],{},[20,135985,135986],{},"No. It returns a new string and leaves the original list unchanged.",[222,135988,28398,135990,62699],{"id":135989},"can-i-use-join-with-a-tuple",[15,135991,133353],{},[20,135993,42222,135994,135996],{},[15,135995,133353],{}," works with any iterable of strings, including tuples.",[222,135998,1927,136000,40029],{"id":135999},"what-does-joinwords-do",[15,136001,136002],{},"''.join(words)",[20,136004,136005],{},"It joins the strings without adding any separator between them.",[222,136007,136009,136010,136012,136013,1943],{"id":136008},"why-do-i-get-typeerror-when-using-join","Why do I get ",[15,136011,1542],{}," when using ",[15,136014,133353],{},[20,136016,136017],{},"Usually because at least one item in the iterable is not a string.",[36,136019,1975],{"id":1974},[158,136021,136022,136027,136033,136039,136045],{},[161,136023,136024],{},[421,136025,136026],{"href":135748},"How to join strings in Python",[161,136028,136029],{},[421,136030,126271,136031,10816],{"href":128958},[15,136032,60596],{},[161,136034,136035],{},[421,136036,13,136037,1461],{"href":42245},[15,136038,47754],{},[161,136040,136041],{},[421,136042,30416,136043],{"href":135191},[15,136044,135194],{},[161,136046,136047],{},[421,136048,125026],{"href":51045},[20,136050,97390,136051,136053],{},[15,136052,133353],{},", you can use it in real tasks like formatting full names, building comma-separated text, and combining words from a list into a single string.",[2018,136055,136056],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":136058},[136059,136060,136062,136065,136072,136082,136090,136100,136107,136108,136120],{"id":38,"depth":86,"text":39},{"id":133470,"depth":86,"text":136061},"What join() does",{"id":180,"depth":86,"text":181,"children":136063},[136064],{"id":49078,"depth":108,"text":49079},{"id":121801,"depth":86,"text":121802,"children":136066},[136067,136068,136069,136070],{"id":133817,"depth":108,"text":133818},{"id":133909,"depth":108,"text":133910},{"id":134010,"depth":108,"text":134011},{"id":134119,"depth":108,"text":136071},"Show that join() returns the result",{"id":134222,"depth":86,"text":134223,"children":136073},[136074,136076,136078,136080],{"id":134229,"depth":108,"text":136075},"\" \".join(...) adds spaces",{"id":134296,"depth":108,"text":136077},"\", \".join(...) creates comma-separated text",{"id":134385,"depth":108,"text":136079},"\"-\".join(...) is useful for slugs or IDs",{"id":134471,"depth":108,"text":136081},"\"\".join(...) joins with no separator",{"id":134546,"depth":86,"text":134547,"children":136083},[136084,136085,136086,136088],{"id":134555,"depth":108,"text":134556},{"id":134638,"depth":108,"text":134639},{"id":134792,"depth":108,"text":136087},"None values do not work directly",{"id":134964,"depth":108,"text":136089},"join() also works with tuples",{"id":135051,"depth":86,"text":136091,"children":136092},"Common errors with join()",[136093,136095,136097,136098],{"id":135060,"depth":108,"text":136094},"1. TypeError because not all items are strings",{"id":135197,"depth":108,"text":136096},"2. Calling join() on a list instead of a string",{"id":135341,"depth":108,"text":135342},{"id":135416,"depth":108,"text":136099},"4. Forgetting that join() returns a new string",{"id":135531,"depth":86,"text":136101,"children":136102},"join() vs concatenation with +",[136103,136105],{"id":135546,"depth":108,"text":136104},"Use + for a small number of fixed strings",{"id":135628,"depth":108,"text":136106},"Use join() for many strings or a list of strings",{"id":135752,"depth":86,"text":135753},{"id":1912,"depth":86,"text":1913,"children":136109},[136110,136112,136114,136116,136118],{"id":135966,"depth":108,"text":136111},"Does join() work with numbers?",{"id":135981,"depth":108,"text":136113},"Does join() change the original list?",{"id":135989,"depth":108,"text":136115},"Can I use join() with a tuple?",{"id":135999,"depth":108,"text":136117},"What does ''.join(words) do?",{"id":136008,"depth":108,"text":136119},"Why do I get TypeError when using join()?",{"id":1974,"depth":86,"text":1975},"Master python string join method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method",{"title":133345,"description":136121},"reference\u002Fpython-string-join-method","PADX964Q2s6BEP50kMkmDZLOlBbvj8gTOpZn-HkZGPA",{"id":136128,"title":136129,"body":136130,"description":137698,"extension":2064,"meta":137699,"navigation":111,"path":137700,"seo":137701,"stem":137702,"__hash__":137703},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method.md","Python String lower() Method",{"type":7,"value":136131,"toc":137665},[136132,136137,136142,136144,136158,136203,136210,136215,136220,136222,136238,136247,136249,136251,136266,136268,136278,136280,136342,136344,136347,136408,136410,136426,136428,136441,136444,136491,136493,136499,136502,136505,136565,136573,136659,136663,136668,136670,136684,136687,136772,136775,136833,136844,136899,136901,136908,136914,136920,136964,136967,137014,137016,137018,137025,137027,137058,137061,137063,137094,137098,137101,137103,137143,137145,137188,137194,137199,137201,137228,137233,137236,137285,137289,137292,137367,137378,137381,137438,137445,137451,137459,137464,137471,137478,137496,137498,137552,137560,137562,137567,137570,137576,137582,137587,137590,137596,137602,137609,137617,137619,137662],[10,136133,123271,136135,11397],{"id":136134},"python-string-lower-method",[15,136136,124001],{},[20,136138,123276,136139,136141],{},[15,136140,124001],{}," method returns a lowercase version of a string.",[20,136143,24156],{},[158,136145,136146,136149,136152,136155],{},[161,136147,136148],{},"convert text to lowercase",[161,136150,136151],{},"compare text without case differences",[161,136153,136154],{},"clean up user input",[161,136156,136157],{},"make simple text matching easier",[41,136159,136161],{"className":43,"code":136160,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\nresult = text.lower()\nprint(result)  # hello world\n",[15,136162,136163,136176,136190],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,136164,136165,136167,136169,136171,136174],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,136166,695],{"class":56},[50,136168,61],{"class":60},[50,136170,700],{"class":604},[50,136172,136173],{"class":608},"Hello WORLD",[50,136175,705],{"class":604},[50,136177,136178,136180,136182,136184,136186,136188],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,136179,89],{"class":56},[50,136181,61],{"class":60},[50,136183,42910],{"class":56},[50,136185,425],{"class":64},[50,136187,1401],{"class":101},[50,136189,8722],{"class":64},[50,136191,136192,136194,136196,136198,136200],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,136193,118],{"class":94},[50,136195,98],{"class":64},[50,136197,123],{"class":101},[50,136199,126],{"class":64},[50,136201,136202],{"class":129},"  # hello world\n",[20,136204,136205,89005,136207,136209],{},[3824,136206,83864],{},[15,136208,124001],{}," returns a new string. It does not change the original string in place.",[36,136211,153,136213,156],{"id":136212},"what-lower-does",[15,136214,124001],{},[20,136216,136217,136219],{},[15,136218,124001],{}," is a string method that changes uppercase letters to lowercase letters.",[20,136221,13125],{},[158,136223,136224,136229,136232,136235],{},[161,136225,136226,136228],{},[15,136227,124001],{}," returns a lowercase version of a string",[161,136230,136231],{},"It works on string objects",[161,136233,136234],{},"It creates and returns a new string",[161,136236,136237],{},"The original string stays unchanged",[20,136239,125023,136240,136244,136245,425],{},[421,136241,136243],{"href":136242},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-string-in-python\u002F","what a string is in Python"," or learn more in ",[421,136246,51046],{"href":51045},[36,136248,181],{"id":180},[20,136250,2259],{},[41,136252,136254],{"className":43,"code":136253,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"string.lower()\n",[15,136255,136256],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,136257,136258,136260,136262,136264],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,136259,684],{"class":56},[50,136261,425],{"class":64},[50,136263,1401],{"class":101},[50,136265,8722],{"class":64},[20,136267,43719],{},[158,136269,136270,136272,136275],{},[161,136271,97568],{},[161,136273,136274],{},"You call it directly on a string",[161,136276,136277],{},"You can use it on a string literal or a string variable",[20,136279,1602],{},[41,136281,136283],{"className":43,"code":136282,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(\"HELLO\".lower())  # hello\n\nname = \"PyThOn\"\nprint(name.lower())  # python\n",[15,136284,136285,136308,136312,136325],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,136286,136287,136289,136291,136293,136296,136298,136300,136302,136305],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,136288,118],{"class":94},[50,136290,98],{"class":64},[50,136292,811],{"class":604},[50,136294,136295],{"class":608},"HELLO",[50,136297,811],{"class":604},[50,136299,425],{"class":64},[50,136301,1401],{"class":101},[50,136303,136304],{"class":64},"())",[50,136306,136307],{"class":129},"  # hello\n",[50,136309,136310],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,136311,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,136313,136314,136316,136318,136320,136323],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,136315,7955],{"class":56},[50,136317,61],{"class":60},[50,136319,700],{"class":604},[50,136321,136322],{"class":608},"PyThOn",[50,136324,705],{"class":604},[50,136326,136327,136329,136331,136333,136335,136337,136339],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,136328,118],{"class":94},[50,136330,98],{"class":64},[50,136332,814],{"class":101},[50,136334,425],{"class":64},[50,136336,1401],{"class":101},[50,136338,136304],{"class":64},[50,136340,136341],{"class":129},"  # python\n",[36,136343,271],{"id":270},[20,136345,136346],{},"Here is a basic example with a variable:",[41,136348,136350],{"className":43,"code":136349,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\n\nlower_text = text.lower()\n\nprint(lower_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,136351,136352,136364,136368,136383,136387,136398],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,136353,136354,136356,136358,136360,136362],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,136355,695],{"class":56},[50,136357,61],{"class":60},[50,136359,700],{"class":604},[50,136361,136173],{"class":608},[50,136363,705],{"class":604},[50,136365,136366],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,136367,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,136369,136370,136373,136375,136377,136379,136381],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,136371,136372],{"class":56},"lower_text ",[50,136374,61],{"class":60},[50,136376,42910],{"class":56},[50,136378,425],{"class":64},[50,136380,1401],{"class":101},[50,136382,8722],{"class":64},[50,136384,136385],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,136386,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,136388,136389,136391,136393,136396],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,136390,118],{"class":94},[50,136392,98],{"class":64},[50,136394,136395],{"class":101},"lower_text",[50,136397,105],{"class":64},[50,136399,136400,136402,136404,136406],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,136401,118],{"class":94},[50,136403,98],{"class":64},[50,136405,718],{"class":101},[50,136407,105],{"class":64},[20,136409,353],{},[41,136411,136413],{"className":43,"code":136412,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"hello world\nHello WORLD\n",[15,136414,136415,136419],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,136416,136417],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,136418,134287],{"class":56},[50,136420,136421,136423],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,136422,131687],{"class":56},[50,136424,136425],{"class":34524},"WORLD\n",[20,136427,24676],{},[158,136429,136430,136435],{},[161,136431,136432,136434],{},[15,136433,124001],{}," returns the lowercase result",[161,136436,136437,136438,136440],{},"the original ",[15,136439,718],{}," variable does not change unless you reassign it",[20,136442,136443],{},"If you want to keep the lowercase version in the same variable, reassign it:",[41,136445,136447],{"className":43,"code":136446,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello world\n",[15,136448,136449,136461,136475,136479],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,136450,136451,136453,136455,136457,136459],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,136452,695],{"class":56},[50,136454,61],{"class":60},[50,136456,700],{"class":604},[50,136458,136173],{"class":608},[50,136460,705],{"class":604},[50,136462,136463,136465,136467,136469,136471,136473],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,136464,695],{"class":56},[50,136466,61],{"class":60},[50,136468,42910],{"class":56},[50,136470,425],{"class":64},[50,136472,1401],{"class":101},[50,136474,8722],{"class":64},[50,136476,136477],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,136478,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,136480,136481,136483,136485,136487,136489],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,136482,118],{"class":94},[50,136484,98],{"class":64},[50,136486,718],{"class":101},[50,136488,126],{"class":64},[50,136490,136202],{"class":129},[36,136492,17488],{"id":17487},[20,136494,136495,22044,136497,425],{},[15,136496,124001],{},[3824,136498,684],{},[20,136500,136501],{},"That means you can store the result in a variable, print it, or use it in comparisons.",[20,136503,136504],{},"A common beginner use case is comparing text in a case-insensitive way:",[41,136506,136508],{"className":43,"code":136507,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"answer = \"YES\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Correct\")\n",[15,136509,136510,136524,136528,136551],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,136511,136512,136515,136517,136519,136522],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,136513,136514],{"class":56},"answer ",[50,136516,61],{"class":60},[50,136518,700],{"class":604},[50,136520,136521],{"class":608},"YES",[50,136523,705],{"class":604},[50,136525,136526],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,136527,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,136529,136530,136532,136535,136537,136539,136541,136543,136545,136547,136549],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,136531,7076],{"class":3957},[50,136533,136534],{"class":56}," answer",[50,136536,425],{"class":64},[50,136538,1401],{"class":101},[50,136540,7445],{"class":64},[50,136542,6485],{"class":60},[50,136544,700],{"class":604},[50,136546,8737],{"class":608},[50,136548,811],{"class":604},[50,136550,6470],{"class":64},[50,136552,136553,136555,136557,136559,136561,136563],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,136554,8148],{"class":94},[50,136556,98],{"class":64},[50,136558,811],{"class":604},[50,136560,96877],{"class":608},[50,136562,811],{"class":604},[50,136564,105],{"class":64},[20,136566,136567,136568,819],{},"This is especially useful with ",[421,136569,136570,136571,1596],{"href":8298},"the ",[15,136572,3055],{},[41,136574,136576],{"className":43,"code":136575,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"answer = input(\"Type yes or no: \")\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"You typed yes\")\nelse:\n    print(\"You typed something else\")\n",[15,136577,136578,136597,136601,136623,136638,136644],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,136579,136580,136582,136584,136586,136588,136590,136593,136595],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,136581,136514],{"class":56},[50,136583,61],{"class":60},[50,136585,8321],{"class":94},[50,136587,98],{"class":64},[50,136589,811],{"class":604},[50,136591,136592],{"class":608},"Type yes or no: ",[50,136594,811],{"class":604},[50,136596,105],{"class":64},[50,136598,136599],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,136600,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,136602,136603,136605,136607,136609,136611,136613,136615,136617,136619,136621],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,136604,7076],{"class":3957},[50,136606,136534],{"class":56},[50,136608,425],{"class":64},[50,136610,1401],{"class":101},[50,136612,7445],{"class":64},[50,136614,6485],{"class":60},[50,136616,700],{"class":604},[50,136618,8737],{"class":608},[50,136620,811],{"class":604},[50,136622,6470],{"class":64},[50,136624,136625,136627,136629,136631,136634,136636],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,136626,8148],{"class":94},[50,136628,98],{"class":64},[50,136630,811],{"class":604},[50,136632,136633],{"class":608},"You typed yes",[50,136635,811],{"class":604},[50,136637,105],{"class":64},[50,136639,136640,136642],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,136641,27503],{"class":3957},[50,136643,6470],{"class":64},[50,136645,136646,136648,136650,136652,136655,136657],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,136647,8148],{"class":94},[50,136649,98],{"class":64},[50,136651,811],{"class":604},[50,136653,136654],{"class":608},"You typed something else",[50,136656,811],{"class":604},[50,136658,105],{"class":64},[36,136660,136662],{"id":136661},"common-use-cases","Common use cases",[20,136664,136665,136667],{},[15,136666,124001],{}," is often used to normalize text before working with it.",[20,136669,7422],{},[158,136671,136672,136675,136678,136681],{},[161,136673,136674],{},"Normalize user input before comparison",[161,136676,136677],{},"Make text matching easier",[161,136679,136680],{},"Prepare text for simple searches",[161,136682,136683],{},"Clean mixed-case data",[20,136685,136686],{},"Example: checking user input",[41,136688,136690],{"className":43,"code":136689,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\n\nif color.lower() == \"blue\":\n    print(\"Nice choice!\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Got it.\")\n",[15,136691,136692,136710,136714,136736,136751,136757],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,136693,136694,136696,136698,136700,136702,136704,136706,136708],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,136695,45028],{"class":56},[50,136697,61],{"class":60},[50,136699,8321],{"class":94},[50,136701,98],{"class":64},[50,136703,811],{"class":604},[50,136705,45039],{"class":608},[50,136707,811],{"class":604},[50,136709,105],{"class":64},[50,136711,136712],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,136713,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,136715,136716,136718,136720,136722,136724,136726,136728,136730,136732,136734],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,136717,7076],{"class":3957},[50,136719,35920],{"class":56},[50,136721,425],{"class":64},[50,136723,1401],{"class":101},[50,136725,7445],{"class":64},[50,136727,6485],{"class":60},[50,136729,700],{"class":604},[50,136731,13183],{"class":608},[50,136733,811],{"class":604},[50,136735,6470],{"class":64},[50,136737,136738,136740,136742,136744,136747,136749],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,136739,8148],{"class":94},[50,136741,98],{"class":64},[50,136743,811],{"class":604},[50,136745,136746],{"class":608},"Nice choice!",[50,136748,811],{"class":604},[50,136750,105],{"class":64},[50,136752,136753,136755],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,136754,27503],{"class":3957},[50,136756,6470],{"class":64},[50,136758,136759,136761,136763,136765,136768,136770],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,136760,8148],{"class":94},[50,136762,98],{"class":64},[50,136764,811],{"class":604},[50,136766,136767],{"class":608},"Got it.",[50,136769,811],{"class":604},[50,136771,105],{"class":64},[20,136773,136774],{},"Example: simple search",[41,136776,136778],{"className":43,"code":136777,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"message = \"Python Is Fun\"\n\nif \"python\" in message.lower():\n    print(\"Found it\")\n",[15,136779,136780,136793,136797,136818],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,136781,136782,136784,136786,136788,136791],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,136783,90049],{"class":56},[50,136785,61],{"class":60},[50,136787,700],{"class":604},[50,136789,136790],{"class":608},"Python Is Fun",[50,136792,705],{"class":604},[50,136794,136795],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,136796,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,136798,136799,136801,136803,136805,136807,136809,136812,136814,136816],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,136800,7076],{"class":3957},[50,136802,700],{"class":604},[50,136804,45],{"class":608},[50,136806,811],{"class":604},[50,136808,21243],{"class":60},[50,136810,136811],{"class":56}," message",[50,136813,425],{"class":64},[50,136815,1401],{"class":101},[50,136817,21664],{"class":64},[50,136819,136820,136822,136824,136826,136829,136831],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,136821,8148],{"class":94},[50,136823,98],{"class":64},[50,136825,811],{"class":604},[50,136827,136828],{"class":608},"Found it",[50,136830,811],{"class":604},[50,136832,105],{"class":64},[20,136834,136835,136836,136838,136839,819],{},"If you also need to remove extra spaces, ",[15,136837,124001],{}," is often used with ",[421,136840,136842],{"href":136841},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method\u002F",[15,136843,41723],{},[41,136845,136847],{"className":43,"code":136846,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"name = \"  ALICE  \"\nclean_name = name.strip().lower()\n\nprint(clean_name)  # alice\n",[15,136848,136849,136862,136881,136885],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,136850,136851,136853,136855,136857,136860],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,136852,7955],{"class":56},[50,136854,61],{"class":60},[50,136856,700],{"class":604},[50,136858,136859],{"class":608},"  ALICE  ",[50,136861,705],{"class":604},[50,136863,136864,136867,136869,136871,136873,136875,136877,136879],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,136865,136866],{"class":56},"clean_name ",[50,136868,61],{"class":60},[50,136870,36061],{"class":56},[50,136872,425],{"class":64},[50,136874,8714],{"class":101},[50,136876,8717],{"class":64},[50,136878,1401],{"class":101},[50,136880,8722],{"class":64},[50,136882,136883],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,136884,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,136886,136887,136889,136891,136894,136896],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,136888,118],{"class":94},[50,136890,98],{"class":64},[50,136892,136893],{"class":101},"clean_name",[50,136895,126],{"class":64},[50,136897,136898],{"class":129},"  # alice\n",[36,136900,15669],{"id":15668},[20,136902,136903,136904,136907],{},"Strings are ",[3824,136905,136906],{},"immutable"," in Python.",[20,136909,136910,136911,136913],{},"That means a string cannot be changed in place. Methods like ",[15,136912,124001],{}," do not edit the original string. They return a new one.",[20,136915,136916,136917,136919],{},"So this does ",[3824,136918,4709],{}," update the original variable:",[41,136921,136923],{"className":43,"code":136922,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # HELLO\n",[15,136924,136925,136937,136947,136951],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,136926,136927,136929,136931,136933,136935],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,136928,695],{"class":56},[50,136930,61],{"class":60},[50,136932,700],{"class":604},[50,136934,136295],{"class":608},[50,136936,705],{"class":604},[50,136938,136939,136941,136943,136945],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,136940,718],{"class":56},[50,136942,425],{"class":64},[50,136944,1401],{"class":101},[50,136946,8722],{"class":64},[50,136948,136949],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,136950,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,136952,136953,136955,136957,136959,136961],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,136954,118],{"class":94},[50,136956,98],{"class":64},[50,136958,718],{"class":101},[50,136960,126],{"class":64},[50,136962,136963],{"class":129},"  # HELLO\n",[20,136965,136966],{},"To keep the lowercase version, save the result:",[41,136968,136970],{"className":43,"code":136969,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,136971,136972,136984,136998,137002],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,136973,136974,136976,136978,136980,136982],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,136975,695],{"class":56},[50,136977,61],{"class":60},[50,136979,700],{"class":604},[50,136981,136295],{"class":608},[50,136983,705],{"class":604},[50,136985,136986,136988,136990,136992,136994,136996],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,136987,695],{"class":56},[50,136989,61],{"class":60},[50,136991,42910],{"class":56},[50,136993,425],{"class":64},[50,136995,1401],{"class":101},[50,136997,8722],{"class":64},[50,136999,137000],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,137001,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,137003,137004,137006,137008,137010,137012],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,137005,118],{"class":94},[50,137007,98],{"class":64},[50,137009,718],{"class":101},[50,137011,126],{"class":64},[50,137013,136307],{"class":129},[36,137015,1743],{"id":1742},[222,137017,25756],{"id":25755},[20,137019,137020,137021,1940,137023,425],{},"A very common mistake is writing ",[15,137022,1401],{},[15,137024,124001],{},[20,137026,16715],{},[41,137028,137030],{"className":43,"code":137029,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower)\n",[15,137031,137032,137044],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,137033,137034,137036,137038,137040,137042],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,137035,695],{"class":56},[50,137037,61],{"class":60},[50,137039,700],{"class":604},[50,137041,136295],{"class":608},[50,137043,705],{"class":604},[50,137045,137046,137048,137050,137052,137054,137056],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,137047,118],{"class":94},[50,137049,98],{"class":64},[50,137051,718],{"class":101},[50,137053,425],{"class":64},[50,137055,1401],{"class":1400},[50,137057,105],{"class":64},[20,137059,137060],{},"This prints the method itself, not the lowercase string.",[20,137062,16727],{},[41,137064,137066],{"className":43,"code":137065,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,137067,137068,137080],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,137069,137070,137072,137074,137076,137078],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,137071,695],{"class":56},[50,137073,61],{"class":60},[50,137075,700],{"class":604},[50,137077,136295],{"class":608},[50,137079,705],{"class":604},[50,137081,137082,137084,137086,137088,137090,137092],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,137083,118],{"class":94},[50,137085,98],{"class":64},[50,137087,718],{"class":101},[50,137089,425],{"class":64},[50,137091,1401],{"class":101},[50,137093,7273],{"class":64},[222,137095,137097],{"id":137096},"not-saving-the-result","Not saving the result",[20,137099,137100],{},"Another common mistake is expecting the original variable to change automatically.",[20,137102,16715],{},[41,137104,137106],{"className":43,"code":137105,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\nprint(text)  # still HELLO\n",[15,137107,137108,137120,137130],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,137109,137110,137112,137114,137116,137118],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,137111,695],{"class":56},[50,137113,61],{"class":60},[50,137115,700],{"class":604},[50,137117,136295],{"class":608},[50,137119,705],{"class":604},[50,137121,137122,137124,137126,137128],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,137123,718],{"class":56},[50,137125,425],{"class":64},[50,137127,1401],{"class":101},[50,137129,8722],{"class":64},[50,137131,137132,137134,137136,137138,137140],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,137133,118],{"class":94},[50,137135,98],{"class":64},[50,137137,718],{"class":101},[50,137139,126],{"class":64},[50,137141,137142],{"class":129},"  # still HELLO\n",[20,137144,16727],{},[41,137146,137148],{"className":43,"code":137147,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,137149,137150,137162,137176],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,137151,137152,137154,137156,137158,137160],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,137153,695],{"class":56},[50,137155,61],{"class":60},[50,137157,700],{"class":604},[50,137159,136295],{"class":608},[50,137161,705],{"class":604},[50,137163,137164,137166,137168,137170,137172,137174],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,137165,695],{"class":56},[50,137167,61],{"class":60},[50,137169,42910],{"class":56},[50,137171,425],{"class":64},[50,137173,1401],{"class":101},[50,137175,8722],{"class":64},[50,137177,137178,137180,137182,137184,137186],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,137179,118],{"class":94},[50,137181,98],{"class":64},[50,137183,718],{"class":101},[50,137185,126],{"class":64},[50,137187,136307],{"class":129},[222,137189,914,137191,137193],{"id":137190},"using-lower-on-a-non-string-value",[15,137192,124001],{}," on a non-string value",[20,137195,137196,137198],{},[15,137197,124001],{}," only works on strings.",[20,137200,16715],{},[41,137202,137204],{"className":43,"code":137203,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"number = 123\nprint(number.lower())\n",[15,137205,137206,137214],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,137207,137208,137210,137212],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,137209,2316],{"class":56},[50,137211,61],{"class":60},[50,137213,124953],{"class":68},[50,137215,137216,137218,137220,137222,137224,137226],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,137217,118],{"class":94},[50,137219,98],{"class":64},[50,137221,2338],{"class":101},[50,137223,425],{"class":64},[50,137225,1401],{"class":101},[50,137227,7273],{"class":64},[20,137229,137230,137231,33671],{},"This causes an error because integers do not have a ",[15,137232,124001],{},[20,137234,137235],{},"You can check the type first:",[41,137237,137239],{"className":43,"code":137238,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"HELLO\"\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,137240,137241,137253,137257,137271],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,137242,137243,137245,137247,137249,137251],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,137244,695],{"class":56},[50,137246,61],{"class":60},[50,137248,700],{"class":604},[50,137250,136295],{"class":608},[50,137252,705],{"class":604},[50,137254,137255],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,137256,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,137258,137259,137261,137263,137265,137267,137269],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,137260,118],{"class":94},[50,137262,98],{"class":64},[50,137264,558],{"class":557},[50,137266,98],{"class":64},[50,137268,718],{"class":101},[50,137270,478],{"class":64},[50,137272,137273,137275,137277,137279,137281,137283],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,137274,118],{"class":94},[50,137276,98],{"class":64},[50,137278,718],{"class":101},[50,137280,425],{"class":64},[50,137282,1401],{"class":101},[50,137284,7273],{"class":64},[222,137286,137288],{"id":137287},"comparing-text-without-normalizing-case","Comparing text without normalizing case",[20,137290,137291],{},"This can cause unexpected results:",[41,137293,137295],{"className":43,"code":137294,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\nelse:\n    print(\"No match\")\n",[15,137296,137297,137310,137314,137331,137346,137352],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,137298,137299,137301,137303,137305,137308],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,137300,136514],{"class":56},[50,137302,61],{"class":60},[50,137304,700],{"class":604},[50,137306,137307],{"class":608},"Yes",[50,137309,705],{"class":604},[50,137311,137312],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,137313,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,137315,137316,137318,137321,137323,137325,137327,137329],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,137317,7076],{"class":3957},[50,137319,137320],{"class":56}," answer ",[50,137322,4767],{"class":60},[50,137324,700],{"class":604},[50,137326,8737],{"class":608},[50,137328,811],{"class":604},[50,137330,6470],{"class":64},[50,137332,137333,137335,137337,137339,137342,137344],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,137334,8148],{"class":94},[50,137336,98],{"class":64},[50,137338,811],{"class":604},[50,137340,137341],{"class":608},"Match",[50,137343,811],{"class":604},[50,137345,105],{"class":64},[50,137347,137348,137350],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,137349,27503],{"class":3957},[50,137351,6470],{"class":64},[50,137353,137354,137356,137358,137360,137363,137365],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,137355,8148],{"class":94},[50,137357,98],{"class":64},[50,137359,811],{"class":604},[50,137361,137362],{"class":608},"No match",[50,137364,811],{"class":604},[50,137366,105],{"class":64},[20,137368,29131,137369,4472,137372,137375,137376,425],{},[15,137370,137371],{},"\"Yes\"",[15,137373,137374],{},"\"yes\""," are different strings, this prints ",[15,137377,137362],{},[20,137379,137380],{},"Better:",[41,137382,137384],{"className":43,"code":137383,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\n",[15,137385,137386,137398,137402,137424],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,137387,137388,137390,137392,137394,137396],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,137389,136514],{"class":56},[50,137391,61],{"class":60},[50,137393,700],{"class":604},[50,137395,137307],{"class":608},[50,137397,705],{"class":604},[50,137399,137400],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,137401,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,137403,137404,137406,137408,137410,137412,137414,137416,137418,137420,137422],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,137405,7076],{"class":3957},[50,137407,136534],{"class":56},[50,137409,425],{"class":64},[50,137411,1401],{"class":101},[50,137413,7445],{"class":64},[50,137415,6485],{"class":60},[50,137417,700],{"class":604},[50,137419,8737],{"class":608},[50,137421,811],{"class":604},[50,137423,6470],{"class":64},[50,137425,137426,137428,137430,137432,137434,137436],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,137427,8148],{"class":94},[50,137429,98],{"class":64},[50,137431,811],{"class":604},[50,137433,137341],{"class":608},[50,137435,811],{"class":604},[50,137437,105],{"class":64},[222,137439,44282,137441,137444],{"id":137440},"when-casefold-may-be-better",[15,137442,137443],{},"casefold()"," may be better",[20,137446,137447,137448,137450],{},"For most beginner examples, ",[15,137449,124001],{}," is enough.",[20,137452,137453,137454,137456,137457,425],{},"But for advanced Unicode case-insensitive matching, ",[15,137455,137443],{}," can be stronger than ",[15,137458,124001],{},[20,137460,137461,137462,122513],{},"For everyday beginner tasks like input checking and simple comparisons, ",[15,137463,124001],{},[36,137465,137467,1467,137469],{"id":137466},"lower-vs-upper",[15,137468,124001],{},[15,137470,128149],{},[20,137472,137473,4472,137475,137477],{},[15,137474,124001],{},[15,137476,128149],{}," are very similar.",[158,137479,137480,137485,137490,137493],{},[161,137481,137482,137484],{},[15,137483,124001],{}," changes letters to lowercase",[161,137486,137487,137489],{},[15,137488,128149],{}," changes letters to uppercase",[161,137491,137492],{},"Both return new strings",[161,137494,137495],{},"Both leave the original string unchanged unless you reassign the result",[20,137497,1602],{},[41,137499,137501],{"className":43,"code":137500,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower())  # hello world\nprint(text.upper())  # HELLO WORLD\n",[15,137502,137503,137515,137519,137535],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,137504,137505,137507,137509,137511,137513],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,137506,695],{"class":56},[50,137508,61],{"class":60},[50,137510,700],{"class":604},[50,137512,128990],{"class":608},[50,137514,705],{"class":604},[50,137516,137517],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,137518,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,137520,137521,137523,137525,137527,137529,137531,137533],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,137522,118],{"class":94},[50,137524,98],{"class":64},[50,137526,718],{"class":101},[50,137528,425],{"class":64},[50,137530,1401],{"class":101},[50,137532,136304],{"class":64},[50,137534,136202],{"class":129},[50,137536,137537,137539,137541,137543,137545,137547,137549],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,137538,118],{"class":94},[50,137540,98],{"class":64},[50,137542,718],{"class":101},[50,137544,425],{"class":64},[50,137546,34549],{"class":101},[50,137548,136304],{"class":64},[50,137550,137551],{"class":129},"  # HELLO WORLD\n",[20,137553,137554,137555,425],{},"If you want the opposite conversion, see the ",[421,137556,126271,137558,10816],{"href":137557},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method\u002F",[15,137559,128149],{},[36,137561,1913],{"id":1912},[222,137563,1917,137565,124598],{"id":137564},"does-lower-change-the-original-string",[15,137566,124001],{},[20,137568,137569],{},"No. It returns a new lowercase string. Reassign it if needed.",[222,137571,1917,137573,137575],{"id":137572},"does-lower-take-any-arguments",[15,137574,124001],{}," take any arguments?",[20,137577,137578,137579,425],{},"No. The method is called as ",[15,137580,137581],{},"string.lower()",[222,137583,1927,137585,1930],{"id":137584},"what-does-lower-return",[15,137586,124001],{},[20,137588,137589],{},"It returns a new string with lowercase letters.",[222,137591,28398,137593,137595],{"id":137592},"can-i-use-lower-on-user-input",[15,137594,124001],{}," on user input?",[20,137597,137598,137599,137601],{},"Yes. It is commonly used with ",[15,137600,3055],{}," to compare answers without case problems.",[222,137603,5258,137605,4472,137607,1943],{"id":137604},"what-is-the-difference-between-lower-and-casefold",[15,137606,124001],{},[15,137608,137443],{},[20,137610,137611,137613,137614,137616],{},[15,137612,124001],{}," is simpler and common for beginners. ",[15,137615,137443],{}," is stronger for some Unicode case-insensitive comparisons.",[36,137618,1975],{"id":1974},[158,137620,137621,137625,137631,137637,137643,137647,137651,137657],{},[161,137622,137623],{},[421,137624,51046],{"href":51045},[161,137626,137627],{},[421,137628,126271,137629,10816],{"href":137557},[15,137630,128149],{},[161,137632,137633],{},[421,137634,126271,137635,10816],{"href":136841},[15,137636,41723],{},[161,137638,137639],{},[421,137640,126271,137641,10816],{"href":129852},[15,137642,124442],{},[161,137644,137645],{},[421,137646,124670],{"href":123526},[161,137648,137649],{},[421,137650,90725],{"href":89734},[161,137652,137653],{},[421,137654,13,137655,1461],{"href":8298},[15,137656,3055],{},[161,137658,137659],{},[421,137660,137661],{"href":136242},"What is a string in Python?",[2018,137663,137664],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":137666},[137667,137669,137670,137671,137672,137673,137674,137683,137685,137697],{"id":136212,"depth":86,"text":137668},"What lower() does",{"id":180,"depth":86,"text":181},{"id":270,"depth":86,"text":271},{"id":17487,"depth":86,"text":17488},{"id":136661,"depth":86,"text":136662},{"id":15668,"depth":86,"text":15669},{"id":1742,"depth":86,"text":1743,"children":137675},[137676,137677,137678,137680,137681],{"id":25755,"depth":108,"text":25756},{"id":137096,"depth":108,"text":137097},{"id":137190,"depth":108,"text":137679},"Using lower() on a non-string value",{"id":137287,"depth":108,"text":137288},{"id":137440,"depth":108,"text":137682},"When casefold() may be better",{"id":137466,"depth":86,"text":137684},"lower() vs upper()",{"id":1912,"depth":86,"text":1913,"children":137686},[137687,137689,137691,137693,137695],{"id":137564,"depth":108,"text":137688},"Does lower() change the original string?",{"id":137572,"depth":108,"text":137690},"Does lower() take any arguments?",{"id":137584,"depth":108,"text":137692},"What does lower() return?",{"id":137592,"depth":108,"text":137694},"Can I use lower() on user input?",{"id":137604,"depth":108,"text":137696},"What is the difference between lower() and casefold()?",{"id":1974,"depth":86,"text":1975},"Master python string lower method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method",{"title":136129,"description":137698},"reference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method","Aspap5dswZ0jaW6T8G5ZAbmL8ux0eq3khybJYFtYHM8",{"id":137705,"title":137706,"body":137707,"description":139257,"extension":2064,"meta":139258,"navigation":111,"path":139259,"seo":139260,"stem":139261,"__hash__":139262},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method.md","Python String replace() Method",{"type":7,"value":137708,"toc":139218},[137709,137714,137719,137725,137740,137742,137802,137804,137813,137819,137824,137829,137831,137845,137849,137851,137898,137900,137918,137920,137923,137994,137996,138010,138013,138025,138034,138038,138043,138048,138052,138118,138120,138129,138133,138198,138200,138209,138212,138217,138221,138226,138230,138291,138293,138302,138306,138309,138365,138367,138376,138379,138392,138394,138398,138405,138467,138469,138482,138488,138491,138498,138503,138508,138511,138519,138521,138582,138584,138593,138596,138643,138646,138693,138695,138700,138717,138724,138729,138782,138784,138792,138794,138851,138853,138861,138865,138912,138914,138922,138930,138934,138982,138984,138993,138998,139049,139051,139060,139067,139070,139091,139093,139098,139101,139105,139108,139112,139115,139142,139148,139151,139178,139183,139185,139187,139215],[10,137710,123271,137712,11397],{"id":137711},"python-string-replace-method",[15,137713,124442],{},[20,137715,123276,137716,137718],{},[15,137717,124442],{}," method lets you change text inside a string.",[20,137720,137721,137722,137724],{},"This is a beginner-friendly reference page for ",[15,137723,124442],{},". You will learn:",[158,137726,137727,137731,137734,137737],{},[161,137728,26088,137729,156],{},[15,137730,124442],{},[161,137732,137733],{},"how its syntax works",[161,137735,137736],{},"how to replace all matches or only some matches",[161,137738,137739],{},"common mistakes to avoid",[36,137741,2105],{"id":2104},[41,137743,137745],{"className":43,"code":137744,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,137746,137747,137760,137792],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,137748,137749,137751,137753,137755,137758],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,137750,695],{"class":56},[50,137752,61],{"class":60},[50,137754,700],{"class":604},[50,137756,137757],{"class":608},"I like cats",[50,137759,705],{"class":604},[50,137761,137762,137764,137766,137768,137770,137772,137774,137776,137779,137781,137783,137785,137788,137790],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,137763,130110],{"class":56},[50,137765,61],{"class":60},[50,137767,42910],{"class":56},[50,137769,425],{"class":64},[50,137771,35069],{"class":101},[50,137773,98],{"class":64},[50,137775,811],{"class":604},[50,137777,137778],{"class":608},"cats",[50,137780,811],{"class":604},[50,137782,72],{"class":64},[50,137784,700],{"class":604},[50,137786,137787],{"class":608},"dogs",[50,137789,811],{"class":604},[50,137791,105],{"class":64},[50,137793,137794,137796,137798,137800],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,137795,118],{"class":94},[50,137797,98],{"class":64},[50,137799,130141],{"class":101},[50,137801,105],{"class":64},[20,137803,353],{},[41,137805,137807],{"className":43,"code":137806,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"I like dogs\n",[15,137808,137809],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,137810,137811],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,137812,137806],{"class":56},[20,137814,920,137815,137818],{},[15,137816,137817],{},"replace(old, new)"," to return a new string with matching text changed. The original string is not modified.",[36,137820,153,137822,156],{"id":137821},"what-replace-does",[15,137823,124442],{},[20,137825,137826,137828],{},[15,137827,124442],{}," changes matching text inside a string.",[20,137830,13125],{},[158,137832,137833,137835,137837,137840],{},[161,137834,133519],{},[161,137836,136237],{},[161,137838,137839],{},"It works on exact matches",[161,137841,137842,137843],{},"It replaces all matches unless you limit it with ",[15,137844,41329],{},[20,137846,125023,137847,425],{},[421,137848,125026],{"href":51045},[36,137850,5510],{"id":5509},[41,137852,137854],{"className":43,"code":137853,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"string.replace(old, new)\nstring.replace(old, new, count)\n",[15,137855,137856,137876],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,137857,137858,137860,137862,137864,137866,137869,137871,137874],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,137859,684],{"class":56},[50,137861,425],{"class":64},[50,137863,35069],{"class":101},[50,137865,98],{"class":64},[50,137867,137868],{"class":101},"old",[50,137870,72],{"class":64},[50,137872,137873],{"class":101}," new",[50,137875,105],{"class":64},[50,137877,137878,137880,137882,137884,137886,137888,137890,137892,137894,137896],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,137879,684],{"class":56},[50,137881,425],{"class":64},[50,137883,35069],{"class":101},[50,137885,98],{"class":64},[50,137887,137868],{"class":101},[50,137889,72],{"class":64},[50,137891,137873],{"class":101},[50,137893,72],{"class":64},[50,137895,49671],{"class":101},[50,137897,105],{"class":64},[222,137899,225],{"id":224},[158,137901,137902,137907,137913],{},[161,137903,137904,137906],{},[15,137905,137868],{}," = the text to find",[161,137908,137909,137912],{},[15,137910,137911],{},"new"," = the replacement text",[161,137914,137915,137917],{},[15,137916,41329],{}," = optional number that limits how many matches are replaced",[36,137919,5864],{"id":5863},[20,137921,137922],{},"Here is a simple example that replaces one word with another:",[41,137924,137926],{"className":43,"code":137925,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\n\nprint(text)\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,137927,137928,137940,137970,137974,137984],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,137929,137930,137932,137934,137936,137938],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,137931,695],{"class":56},[50,137933,61],{"class":60},[50,137935,700],{"class":604},[50,137937,137757],{"class":608},[50,137939,705],{"class":604},[50,137941,137942,137944,137946,137948,137950,137952,137954,137956,137958,137960,137962,137964,137966,137968],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,137943,130110],{"class":56},[50,137945,61],{"class":60},[50,137947,42910],{"class":56},[50,137949,425],{"class":64},[50,137951,35069],{"class":101},[50,137953,98],{"class":64},[50,137955,811],{"class":604},[50,137957,137778],{"class":608},[50,137959,811],{"class":604},[50,137961,72],{"class":64},[50,137963,700],{"class":604},[50,137965,137787],{"class":608},[50,137967,811],{"class":604},[50,137969,105],{"class":64},[50,137971,137972],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,137973,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,137975,137976,137978,137980,137982],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,137977,118],{"class":94},[50,137979,98],{"class":64},[50,137981,718],{"class":101},[50,137983,105],{"class":64},[50,137985,137986,137988,137990,137992],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,137987,118],{"class":94},[50,137989,98],{"class":64},[50,137991,130141],{"class":101},[50,137993,105],{"class":64},[20,137995,353],{},[41,137997,137999],{"className":43,"code":137998,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"I like cats\nI like dogs\n",[15,138000,138001,138006],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,138002,138003],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,138004,138005],{"class":56},"I like cats\n",[50,138007,138008],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,138009,137806],{"class":56},[20,138011,138012],{},"Notice what happened:",[158,138014,138015,138020],{},[161,138016,138017,138019],{},[15,138018,718],{}," did not change",[161,138021,138022,138024],{},[15,138023,130141],{}," contains the updated value",[20,138026,138027,138028,138030,138031,138033],{},"This happens because strings are ",[3824,138029,136906],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change a string in place. Methods like ",[15,138032,124442],{}," return a new string instead.",[36,138035,138037],{"id":138036},"replace-only-the-first-matches","Replace only the first matches",[20,138039,89743,138040,138042],{},[15,138041,124442],{}," changes every matching part of the string.",[20,138044,138045,138046,36690],{},"If you only want to replace the first 1 or 2 matches, use the optional ",[15,138047,41329],{},[222,138049,138051],{"id":138050},"replace-only-the-first-match","Replace only the first match",[41,138053,138055],{"className":43,"code":138054,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 1)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138056,138057,138070,138104,138108],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,138058,138059,138061,138063,138065,138068],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,138060,695],{"class":56},[50,138062,61],{"class":60},[50,138064,700],{"class":604},[50,138066,138067],{"class":608},"cat cat cat",[50,138069,705],{"class":604},[50,138071,138072,138074,138076,138078,138080,138082,138084,138086,138088,138090,138092,138094,138096,138098,138100,138102],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,138073,89],{"class":56},[50,138075,61],{"class":60},[50,138077,42910],{"class":56},[50,138079,425],{"class":64},[50,138081,35069],{"class":101},[50,138083,98],{"class":64},[50,138085,811],{"class":604},[50,138087,37116],{"class":608},[50,138089,811],{"class":604},[50,138091,72],{"class":64},[50,138093,700],{"class":604},[50,138095,58194],{"class":608},[50,138097,811],{"class":604},[50,138099,72],{"class":64},[50,138101,75],{"class":68},[50,138103,105],{"class":64},[50,138105,138106],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,138107,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,138109,138110,138112,138114,138116],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,138111,118],{"class":94},[50,138113,98],{"class":64},[50,138115,123],{"class":101},[50,138117,105],{"class":64},[20,138119,353],{},[41,138121,138123],{"className":43,"code":138122,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"dog cat cat\n",[15,138124,138125],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,138126,138127],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,138128,138122],{"class":56},[222,138130,138132],{"id":138131},"replace-only-the-first-2-matches","Replace only the first 2 matches",[41,138134,138136],{"className":43,"code":138135,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138137,138138,138150,138184,138188],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,138139,138140,138142,138144,138146,138148],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,138141,695],{"class":56},[50,138143,61],{"class":60},[50,138145,700],{"class":604},[50,138147,138067],{"class":608},[50,138149,705],{"class":604},[50,138151,138152,138154,138156,138158,138160,138162,138164,138166,138168,138170,138172,138174,138176,138178,138180,138182],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,138153,89],{"class":56},[50,138155,61],{"class":60},[50,138157,42910],{"class":56},[50,138159,425],{"class":64},[50,138161,35069],{"class":101},[50,138163,98],{"class":64},[50,138165,811],{"class":604},[50,138167,37116],{"class":608},[50,138169,811],{"class":604},[50,138171,72],{"class":64},[50,138173,700],{"class":604},[50,138175,58194],{"class":608},[50,138177,811],{"class":604},[50,138179,72],{"class":64},[50,138181,80],{"class":68},[50,138183,105],{"class":64},[50,138185,138186],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,138187,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,138189,138190,138192,138194,138196],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,138191,118],{"class":94},[50,138193,98],{"class":64},[50,138195,123],{"class":101},[50,138197,105],{"class":64},[20,138199,353],{},[41,138201,138203],{"className":43,"code":138202,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"dog dog cat\n",[15,138204,138205],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,138206,138207],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,138208,138202],{"class":56},[20,138210,138211],{},"This is useful when you do not want to replace every match in the string.",[20,138213,138214,138215,425],{},"For more practical examples, see ",[421,138216,127995],{"href":124439},[36,138218,138220],{"id":138219},"replacing-characters-and-spaces","Replacing characters and spaces",[20,138222,138223,138225],{},[15,138224,124442],{}," can also change single characters.",[222,138227,138229],{"id":138228},"replace-one-character","Replace one character",[41,138231,138233],{"className":43,"code":138232,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = text.replace(\"a\", \"o\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138234,138235,138247,138277,138281],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,138236,138237,138239,138241,138243,138245],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,138238,695],{"class":56},[50,138240,61],{"class":60},[50,138242,700],{"class":604},[50,138244,1058],{"class":608},[50,138246,705],{"class":604},[50,138248,138249,138251,138253,138255,138257,138259,138261,138263,138265,138267,138269,138271,138273,138275],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,138250,89],{"class":56},[50,138252,61],{"class":60},[50,138254,42910],{"class":56},[50,138256,425],{"class":64},[50,138258,35069],{"class":101},[50,138260,98],{"class":64},[50,138262,811],{"class":604},[50,138264,421],{"class":608},[50,138266,811],{"class":604},[50,138268,72],{"class":64},[50,138270,700],{"class":604},[50,138272,754],{"class":608},[50,138274,811],{"class":604},[50,138276,105],{"class":64},[50,138278,138279],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,138280,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,138282,138283,138285,138287,138289],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,138284,118],{"class":94},[50,138286,98],{"class":64},[50,138288,123],{"class":101},[50,138290,105],{"class":64},[20,138292,353],{},[41,138294,138296],{"className":43,"code":138295,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"bonono\n",[15,138297,138298],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,138299,138300],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,138301,138295],{"class":56},[222,138303,138305],{"id":138304},"remove-spaces","Remove spaces",[20,138307,138308],{},"You can remove text by replacing it with an empty string:",[41,138310,138312],{"className":43,"code":138311,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"a b c\"\nresult = text.replace(\" \", \"\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138313,138314,138327,138351,138355],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,138315,138316,138318,138320,138322,138325],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,138317,695],{"class":56},[50,138319,61],{"class":60},[50,138321,700],{"class":604},[50,138323,138324],{"class":608},"a b c",[50,138326,705],{"class":604},[50,138328,138329,138331,138333,138335,138337,138339,138341,138343,138345,138347,138349],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,138330,89],{"class":56},[50,138332,61],{"class":60},[50,138334,42910],{"class":56},[50,138336,425],{"class":64},[50,138338,35069],{"class":101},[50,138340,98],{"class":64},[50,138342,811],{"class":604},[50,138344,700],{"class":604},[50,138346,72],{"class":64},[50,138348,6204],{"class":604},[50,138350,105],{"class":64},[50,138352,138353],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,138354,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,138356,138357,138359,138361,138363],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,138358,118],{"class":94},[50,138360,98],{"class":64},[50,138362,123],{"class":101},[50,138364,105],{"class":64},[20,138366,353],{},[41,138368,138370],{"className":43,"code":138369,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"abc\n",[15,138371,138372],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,138373,138374],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,138375,138369],{"class":56},[20,138377,138378],{},"This is useful for simple cleanup tasks.",[20,138380,138381,138382,138386,138387,138391],{},"If you need to split text into parts instead of replacing it, see the ",[421,138383,126271,138384,10816],{"href":128958},[15,138385,60596],{},". If you only want to remove spaces at the beginning or end, the ",[421,138388,126271,138389,10816],{"href":136841},[15,138390,41723],{}," is often a better choice.",[36,138393,123918],{"id":123917},[20,138395,138396,123729],{},[15,138397,124442],{},[20,138399,127316,138400,4472,138402,127323],{},[15,138401,113078],{},[15,138403,138404],{},"\"Cat\"",[41,138406,138408],{"className":43,"code":138407,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"Cat cat CAT\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138409,138410,138423,138453,138457],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,138411,138412,138414,138416,138418,138421],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,138413,695],{"class":56},[50,138415,61],{"class":60},[50,138417,700],{"class":604},[50,138419,138420],{"class":608},"Cat cat CAT",[50,138422,705],{"class":604},[50,138424,138425,138427,138429,138431,138433,138435,138437,138439,138441,138443,138445,138447,138449,138451],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,138426,89],{"class":56},[50,138428,61],{"class":60},[50,138430,42910],{"class":56},[50,138432,425],{"class":64},[50,138434,35069],{"class":101},[50,138436,98],{"class":64},[50,138438,811],{"class":604},[50,138440,37116],{"class":608},[50,138442,811],{"class":604},[50,138444,72],{"class":64},[50,138446,700],{"class":604},[50,138448,58194],{"class":608},[50,138450,811],{"class":604},[50,138452,105],{"class":64},[50,138454,138455],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,138456,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,138458,138459,138461,138463,138465],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,138460,118],{"class":94},[50,138462,98],{"class":64},[50,138464,123],{"class":101},[50,138466,105],{"class":64},[20,138468,353],{},[41,138470,138472],{"className":43,"code":138471,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Cat dog CAT\n",[15,138473,138474],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,138475,138476,138479],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,138477,138478],{"class":56},"Cat dog ",[50,138480,138481],{"class":34524},"CAT\n",[20,138483,138484,138485,138487],{},"Only the lowercase ",[15,138486,113078],{}," was replaced.",[20,138489,138490],{},"This is a common beginner problem. If your replacement is not happening, check the letter case carefully.",[20,138492,138493,138494,425],{},"In some cases, converting text first can help. For example, see the ",[421,138495,126271,138496,10816],{"href":123998},[15,138497,124001],{},[36,138499,153,138501,11780],{"id":138500},"what-replace-returns",[15,138502,124442],{},[20,138504,138505,138507],{},[15,138506,124442],{}," returns a new string.",[20,138509,138510],{},"If no match is found:",[158,138512,138513,138516],{},[161,138514,138515],{},"no error happens",[161,138517,138518],{},"the returned string has the same content as the original",[20,138520,1602],{},[41,138522,138524],{"className":43,"code":138523,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"hello\"\nresult = text.replace(\"x\", \"y\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138525,138526,138538,138568,138572],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,138527,138528,138530,138532,138534,138536],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,138529,695],{"class":56},[50,138531,61],{"class":60},[50,138533,700],{"class":604},[50,138535,3926],{"class":608},[50,138537,705],{"class":604},[50,138539,138540,138542,138544,138546,138548,138550,138552,138554,138556,138558,138560,138562,138564,138566],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,138541,89],{"class":56},[50,138543,61],{"class":60},[50,138545,42910],{"class":56},[50,138547,425],{"class":64},[50,138549,35069],{"class":101},[50,138551,98],{"class":64},[50,138553,811],{"class":604},[50,138555,2273],{"class":608},[50,138557,811],{"class":604},[50,138559,72],{"class":64},[50,138561,700],{"class":604},[50,138563,780],{"class":608},[50,138565,811],{"class":604},[50,138567,105],{"class":64},[50,138569,138570],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,138571,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,138573,138574,138576,138578,138580],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,138575,118],{"class":94},[50,138577,98],{"class":64},[50,138579,123],{"class":101},[50,138581,105],{"class":64},[20,138583,353],{},[41,138585,138587],{"className":43,"code":138586,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"hello\n",[15,138588,138589],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,138590,138591],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,138592,138586],{"class":56},[20,138594,138595],{},"Usually, you either store the result in a new variable:",[41,138597,138599],{"className":43,"code":138598,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"hello world\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,138600,138601,138613],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,138602,138603,138605,138607,138609,138611],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,138604,695],{"class":56},[50,138606,61],{"class":60},[50,138608,700],{"class":604},[50,138610,60473],{"class":608},[50,138612,705],{"class":604},[50,138614,138615,138617,138619,138621,138623,138625,138627,138629,138631,138633,138635,138637,138639,138641],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,138616,130110],{"class":56},[50,138618,61],{"class":60},[50,138620,42910],{"class":56},[50,138622,425],{"class":64},[50,138624,35069],{"class":101},[50,138626,98],{"class":64},[50,138628,811],{"class":604},[50,138630,60656],{"class":608},[50,138632,811],{"class":604},[50,138634,72],{"class":64},[50,138636,700],{"class":604},[50,138638,7376],{"class":608},[50,138640,811],{"class":604},[50,138642,105],{"class":64},[20,138644,138645],{},"Or reassign it to the same variable:",[41,138647,138649],{"className":43,"code":138648,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"hello world\"\ntext = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,138650,138651,138663],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,138652,138653,138655,138657,138659,138661],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,138654,695],{"class":56},[50,138656,61],{"class":60},[50,138658,700],{"class":604},[50,138660,60473],{"class":608},[50,138662,705],{"class":604},[50,138664,138665,138667,138669,138671,138673,138675,138677,138679,138681,138683,138685,138687,138689,138691],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,138666,695],{"class":56},[50,138668,61],{"class":60},[50,138670,42910],{"class":56},[50,138672,425],{"class":64},[50,138674,35069],{"class":101},[50,138676,98],{"class":64},[50,138678,811],{"class":604},[50,138680,60656],{"class":608},[50,138682,811],{"class":604},[50,138684,72],{"class":64},[50,138686,700],{"class":604},[50,138688,7376],{"class":608},[50,138690,811],{"class":604},[50,138692,105],{"class":64},[36,138694,4598],{"id":4597},[20,138696,138697,138698,819],{},"Here are some common mistakes when using ",[15,138699,124442],{},[158,138701,138702,138705,138709,138712],{},[161,138703,138704],{},"Forgetting to save the returned string",[161,138706,8532,138707,131491],{},[15,138708,124442],{},[161,138710,138711],{},"Using the wrong letter case",[161,138713,37273,138714,138716],{},[15,138715,124442],{}," with regex-based replacements",[222,138718,138720,138721,138723],{"id":138719},"mistake-calling-replace-without-assigning-the-result","Mistake: calling ",[15,138722,124442],{}," without assigning the result",[20,138725,138726,138727,819],{},"This does not update ",[15,138728,718],{},[41,138730,138732],{"className":43,"code":138731,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,138733,138734,138746,138772],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,138735,138736,138738,138740,138742,138744],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,138737,695],{"class":56},[50,138739,61],{"class":60},[50,138741,700],{"class":604},[50,138743,137757],{"class":608},[50,138745,705],{"class":604},[50,138747,138748,138750,138752,138754,138756,138758,138760,138762,138764,138766,138768,138770],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,138749,718],{"class":56},[50,138751,425],{"class":64},[50,138753,35069],{"class":101},[50,138755,98],{"class":64},[50,138757,811],{"class":604},[50,138759,137778],{"class":608},[50,138761,811],{"class":604},[50,138763,72],{"class":64},[50,138765,700],{"class":604},[50,138767,137787],{"class":608},[50,138769,811],{"class":604},[50,138771,105],{"class":64},[50,138773,138774,138776,138778,138780],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,138775,118],{"class":94},[50,138777,98],{"class":64},[50,138779,718],{"class":101},[50,138781,105],{"class":64},[20,138783,353],{},[41,138785,138786],{"className":43,"code":138005,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,138787,138788],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,138789,138790],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,138791,138005],{"class":56},[20,138793,10883],{},[41,138795,138797],{"className":43,"code":138796,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,138798,138799,138811,138841],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,138800,138801,138803,138805,138807,138809],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,138802,695],{"class":56},[50,138804,61],{"class":60},[50,138806,700],{"class":604},[50,138808,137757],{"class":608},[50,138810,705],{"class":604},[50,138812,138813,138815,138817,138819,138821,138823,138825,138827,138829,138831,138833,138835,138837,138839],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,138814,695],{"class":56},[50,138816,61],{"class":60},[50,138818,42910],{"class":56},[50,138820,425],{"class":64},[50,138822,35069],{"class":101},[50,138824,98],{"class":64},[50,138826,811],{"class":604},[50,138828,137778],{"class":608},[50,138830,811],{"class":604},[50,138832,72],{"class":64},[50,138834,700],{"class":604},[50,138836,137787],{"class":608},[50,138838,811],{"class":604},[50,138840,105],{"class":64},[50,138842,138843,138845,138847,138849],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,138844,118],{"class":94},[50,138846,98],{"class":64},[50,138848,718],{"class":101},[50,138850,105],{"class":64},[20,138852,353],{},[41,138854,138855],{"className":43,"code":137806,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,138856,138857],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,138858,138859],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,138860,137806],{"class":56},[222,138862,138864],{"id":138863},"mistake-different-capitalization","Mistake: different capitalization",[41,138866,138868],{"className":43,"code":138867,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"Hello\"\nprint(text.replace(\"hello\", \"Hi\"))\n",[15,138869,138870,138882],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,138871,138872,138874,138876,138878,138880],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,138873,695],{"class":56},[50,138875,61],{"class":60},[50,138877,700],{"class":604},[50,138879,34937],{"class":608},[50,138881,705],{"class":604},[50,138883,138884,138886,138888,138890,138892,138894,138896,138898,138900,138902,138904,138906,138908,138910],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,138885,118],{"class":94},[50,138887,98],{"class":64},[50,138889,718],{"class":101},[50,138891,425],{"class":64},[50,138893,35069],{"class":101},[50,138895,98],{"class":64},[50,138897,811],{"class":604},[50,138899,3926],{"class":608},[50,138901,811],{"class":604},[50,138903,72],{"class":64},[50,138905,700],{"class":604},[50,138907,89978],{"class":608},[50,138909,811],{"class":604},[50,138911,478],{"class":64},[20,138913,353],{},[41,138915,138916],{"className":43,"code":88991,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,138917,138918],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,138919,138920],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,138921,88991],{"class":56},[20,138923,138924,138925,4472,138927,138929],{},"Nothing changed because ",[15,138926,64595],{},[15,138928,90460],{}," are not the same.",[222,138931,138933],{"id":138932},"mistake-expecting-only-one-match-to-change","Mistake: expecting only one match to change",[41,138935,138937],{"className":43,"code":138936,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\"))\n",[15,138938,138939,138952],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,138940,138941,138943,138945,138947,138950],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,138942,695],{"class":56},[50,138944,61],{"class":60},[50,138946,700],{"class":604},[50,138948,138949],{"class":608},"red red red",[50,138951,705],{"class":604},[50,138953,138954,138956,138958,138960,138962,138964,138966,138968,138970,138972,138974,138976,138978,138980],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,138955,118],{"class":94},[50,138957,98],{"class":64},[50,138959,718],{"class":101},[50,138961,425],{"class":64},[50,138963,35069],{"class":101},[50,138965,98],{"class":64},[50,138967,811],{"class":604},[50,138969,13166],{"class":608},[50,138971,811],{"class":604},[50,138973,72],{"class":64},[50,138975,700],{"class":604},[50,138977,13183],{"class":608},[50,138979,811],{"class":604},[50,138981,478],{"class":64},[20,138983,353],{},[41,138985,138987],{"className":43,"code":138986,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"blue blue blue\n",[15,138988,138989],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,138990,138991],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,138992,138986],{"class":56},[20,138994,138995,138996,819],{},"If you want only one replacement, use ",[15,138997,41329],{},[41,138999,139001],{"className":43,"code":139000,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\", 1))\n",[15,139002,139003,139015],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,139004,139005,139007,139009,139011,139013],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,139006,695],{"class":56},[50,139008,61],{"class":60},[50,139010,700],{"class":604},[50,139012,138949],{"class":608},[50,139014,705],{"class":604},[50,139016,139017,139019,139021,139023,139025,139027,139029,139031,139033,139035,139037,139039,139041,139043,139045,139047],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,139018,118],{"class":94},[50,139020,98],{"class":64},[50,139022,718],{"class":101},[50,139024,425],{"class":64},[50,139026,35069],{"class":101},[50,139028,98],{"class":64},[50,139030,811],{"class":604},[50,139032,13166],{"class":608},[50,139034,811],{"class":604},[50,139036,72],{"class":64},[50,139038,700],{"class":604},[50,139040,13183],{"class":608},[50,139042,811],{"class":604},[50,139044,72],{"class":64},[50,139046,75],{"class":68},[50,139048,478],{"class":64},[20,139050,353],{},[41,139052,139054],{"className":43,"code":139053,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"blue red red\n",[15,139055,139056],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,139057,139058],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,139059,139053],{"class":56},[222,139061,139063,139064,139066],{"id":139062},"mistake-using-replace-for-the-wrong-task","Mistake: using ",[15,139065,124442],{}," for the wrong task",[20,139068,139069],{},"Sometimes another method is a better fit:",[158,139071,139072,139079,139086],{},[161,139073,920,139074,139078],{},[421,139075,139076],{"href":128958},[15,139077,60596],{}," to break a string into a list",[161,139080,920,139081,139085],{},[421,139082,139083],{"href":136841},[15,139084,41723],{}," to remove whitespace from the start or end",[161,139087,920,139088,139090],{},[15,139089,124442],{}," for direct text replacement, not pattern matching",[36,139092,1913],{"id":1912},[222,139094,1917,139096,124598],{"id":139095},"does-replace-change-the-original-string",[15,139097,124442],{},[20,139099,139100],{},"No. It returns a new string. Strings in Python cannot be changed in place.",[222,139102,139104],{"id":139103},"what-happens-if-the-text-is-not-found","What happens if the text is not found?",[20,139106,139107],{},"No error is raised. The returned string will have the same content as the original.",[222,139109,139111],{"id":139110},"how-do-i-replace-only-the-first-match","How do I replace only the first match?",[20,139113,139114],{},"Use the third argument:",[41,139116,139118],{"className":43,"code":139117,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text.replace(old, new, 1)\n",[15,139119,139120],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,139121,139122,139124,139126,139128,139130,139132,139134,139136,139138,139140],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,139123,718],{"class":56},[50,139125,425],{"class":64},[50,139127,35069],{"class":101},[50,139129,98],{"class":64},[50,139131,137868],{"class":101},[50,139133,72],{"class":64},[50,139135,137873],{"class":101},[50,139137,72],{"class":64},[50,139139,75],{"class":68},[50,139141,105],{"class":64},[222,139143,5248,139145,139147],{"id":139144},"can-replace-remove-text",[15,139146,124442],{}," remove text?",[20,139149,139150],{},"Yes. Replace the target text with an empty string:",[41,139152,139154],{"className":43,"code":139153,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text.replace(\"x\", \"\")\n",[15,139155,139156],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,139157,139158,139160,139162,139164,139166,139168,139170,139172,139174,139176],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,139159,718],{"class":56},[50,139161,425],{"class":64},[50,139163,35069],{"class":101},[50,139165,98],{"class":64},[50,139167,811],{"class":604},[50,139169,2273],{"class":608},[50,139171,811],{"class":604},[50,139173,72],{"class":64},[50,139175,6204],{"class":604},[50,139177,105],{"class":64},[222,139179,14975,139181,124607],{"id":139180},"is-replace-case-sensitive",[15,139182,124442],{},[20,139184,129800],{},[36,139186,1975],{"id":1974},[158,139188,139189,139193,139199,139205,139211],{},[161,139190,139191],{},[421,139192,124677],{"href":124439},[161,139194,139195],{},[421,139196,126271,139197,10816],{"href":128958},[15,139198,60596],{},[161,139200,139201],{},[421,139202,126271,139203,10816],{"href":136841},[15,139204,41723],{},[161,139206,139207],{},[421,139208,126271,139209,10816],{"href":123998},[15,139210,124001],{},[161,139212,139213],{},[421,139214,125026],{"href":51045},[2018,139216,139217],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":139219},[139220,139221,139223,139226,139227,139231,139235,139236,139238,139246,139256],{"id":2104,"depth":86,"text":2105},{"id":137821,"depth":86,"text":139222},"What replace() does",{"id":5509,"depth":86,"text":5510,"children":139224},[139225],{"id":224,"depth":108,"text":225},{"id":5863,"depth":86,"text":5864},{"id":138036,"depth":86,"text":138037,"children":139228},[139229,139230],{"id":138050,"depth":108,"text":138051},{"id":138131,"depth":108,"text":138132},{"id":138219,"depth":86,"text":138220,"children":139232},[139233,139234],{"id":138228,"depth":108,"text":138229},{"id":138304,"depth":108,"text":138305},{"id":123917,"depth":86,"text":123918},{"id":138500,"depth":86,"text":139237},"What replace() returns",{"id":4597,"depth":86,"text":4598,"children":139239},[139240,139242,139243,139244],{"id":138719,"depth":108,"text":139241},"Mistake: calling replace() without assigning the result",{"id":138863,"depth":108,"text":138864},{"id":138932,"depth":108,"text":138933},{"id":139062,"depth":108,"text":139245},"Mistake: using replace() for the wrong task",{"id":1912,"depth":86,"text":1913,"children":139247},[139248,139250,139251,139252,139254],{"id":139095,"depth":108,"text":139249},"Does replace() change the original string?",{"id":139103,"depth":108,"text":139104},{"id":139110,"depth":108,"text":139111},{"id":139144,"depth":108,"text":139253},"Can replace() remove text?",{"id":139180,"depth":108,"text":139255},"Is replace() case-sensitive?",{"id":1974,"depth":86,"text":1975},"Master python string replace method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method",{"title":137706,"description":139257},"reference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method","lYZLw0KoN3c2cS-3ldMsrOTghF8no1rzCHdzSFeQbp8",{"id":139264,"title":139265,"body":139266,"description":141285,"extension":2064,"meta":141286,"navigation":111,"path":141287,"seo":141288,"stem":141289,"__hash__":141290},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method.md","Python String split() Method",{"type":7,"value":139267,"toc":141249},[139268,139273,139278,139281,139292,139294,139349,139354,139359,139366,139368,139383,139385,139441,139443,139481,139486,139488,139512,139515,139528,139533,139535,139567,139569,139602,139608,139613,139616,139626,139629,139631,139687,139689,139739,139742,139750,139753,139809,139811,139884,139897,139905,139909,139920,139923,139926,139979,139981,140013,140016,140070,140072,140107,140110,140115,140120,140125,140128,140130,140188,140190,140224,140226,140241,140244,140246,140288,140290,140316,140321,140329,140332,140334,140416,140418,140469,140472,140483,140491,140493,140566,140568,140586,140590,140593,140597,140624,140626,140634,140638,140673,140675,140688,140692,140695,140734,140736,140753,140758,140763,140774,140777,140788,140790,140792,140818,140821,140870,140872,140889,140892,140894,140946,140948,140980,140983,141041,141046,141048,141053,141156,141158,141172,141174,141181,141186,141191,141196,141201,141206,141209,141213,141218,141220,141246],[10,139269,123271,139271,11397],{"id":139270},"python-string-split-method",[15,139272,60596],{},[20,139274,123276,139275,139277],{},[15,139276,60596],{}," method breaks a string into smaller parts and returns those parts as a list.",[20,139279,139280],{},"Use it when you want to turn one string into multiple strings, such as:",[158,139282,139283,139286,139289],{},[161,139284,139285],{},"splitting a sentence into words",[161,139287,139288],{},"splitting comma-separated text",[161,139290,139291],{},"breaking simple structured text into pieces",[36,139293,2105],{"id":2104},[41,139295,139297],{"className":43,"code":139296,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\nprint(parts)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,139298,139299,139312,139334,139344],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,139300,139301,139303,139305,139307,139310],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,139302,695],{"class":56},[50,139304,61],{"class":60},[50,139306,700],{"class":604},[50,139308,139309],{"class":608},"apple,banana,cherry",[50,139311,705],{"class":604},[50,139313,139314,139316,139318,139320,139322,139324,139326,139328,139330,139332],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,139315,42905],{"class":56},[50,139317,61],{"class":60},[50,139319,42910],{"class":56},[50,139321,425],{"class":64},[50,139323,34540],{"class":101},[50,139325,98],{"class":64},[50,139327,811],{"class":604},[50,139329,72],{"class":608},[50,139331,811],{"class":604},[50,139333,105],{"class":64},[50,139335,139336,139338,139340,139342],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,139337,118],{"class":94},[50,139339,98],{"class":64},[50,139341,42937],{"class":101},[50,139343,105],{"class":64},[50,139345,139346],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,139347,139348],{"class":129},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[20,139350,920,139351,139353],{},[15,139352,60596],{}," when you want to turn one string into a list of smaller strings.",[36,139355,153,139357,156],{"id":139356},"what-split-does",[15,139358,60596],{},[20,139360,139361,132319,139363,425],{},[15,139362,60596],{},[3824,139364,139365],{},"string method",[20,139367,48997],{},[158,139369,139370,139373,139378],{},[161,139371,139372],{},"divides a string into parts",[161,139374,119573,139375],{},[3824,139376,139377],{},"new list of strings",[161,139379,119579,139380,139382],{},[3824,139381,4709],{}," change the original string",[20,139384,1602],{},[41,139386,139388],{"className":43,"code":139387,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"red blue green\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(text)\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139389,139390,139403,139417,139421,139431],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,139391,139392,139394,139396,139398,139401],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,139393,695],{"class":56},[50,139395,61],{"class":60},[50,139397,700],{"class":604},[50,139399,139400],{"class":608},"red blue green",[50,139402,705],{"class":604},[50,139404,139405,139407,139409,139411,139413,139415],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,139406,42905],{"class":56},[50,139408,61],{"class":60},[50,139410,42910],{"class":56},[50,139412,425],{"class":64},[50,139414,34540],{"class":101},[50,139416,8722],{"class":64},[50,139418,139419],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,139420,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,139422,139423,139425,139427,139429],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,139424,118],{"class":94},[50,139426,98],{"class":64},[50,139428,718],{"class":101},[50,139430,105],{"class":64},[50,139432,139433,139435,139437,139439],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,139434,118],{"class":94},[50,139436,98],{"class":64},[50,139438,42937],{"class":101},[50,139440,105],{"class":64},[20,139442,353],{},[41,139444,139446],{"className":43,"code":139445,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"red blue green\n['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,139447,139448,139453],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,139449,139450],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,139451,139452],{"class":56},"red blue green\n",[50,139454,139455,139457,139459,139461,139463,139465,139467,139469,139471,139473,139475,139477,139479],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,139456,363],{"class":64},[50,139458,611],{"class":604},[50,139460,13166],{"class":608},[50,139462,611],{"class":604},[50,139464,72],{"class":64},[50,139466,605],{"class":604},[50,139468,13183],{"class":608},[50,139470,611],{"class":604},[50,139472,72],{"class":64},[50,139474,605],{"class":604},[50,139476,17525],{"class":608},[50,139478,611],{"class":604},[50,139480,83],{"class":64},[20,139482,139483,139484,425],{},"If you are new to string methods, see ",[421,139485,125026],{"href":51045},[36,139487,181],{"id":180},[41,139489,139491],{"className":43,"code":139490,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"string.split(separator, maxsplit)\n",[15,139492,139493],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,139494,139495,139497,139499,139501,139503,139505,139507,139510],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,139496,684],{"class":56},[50,139498,425],{"class":64},[50,139500,34540],{"class":101},[50,139502,98],{"class":64},[50,139504,133675],{"class":101},[50,139506,72],{"class":64},[50,139508,139509],{"class":101}," maxsplit",[50,139511,105],{"class":64},[20,139513,139514],{},"Both arguments are optional:",[158,139516,139517,139522],{},[161,139518,139519,139521],{},[15,139520,133675],{}," tells Python where to split",[161,139523,139524,139527],{},[15,139525,139526],{},"maxsplit"," limits how many splits happen",[20,139529,8955,139530,139532],{},[15,139531,133675],{}," is not given, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,139534,1602],{},[41,139536,139538],{"className":43,"code":139537,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"one two three\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,139539,139540,139553],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,139541,139542,139544,139546,139548,139551],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,139543,695],{"class":56},[50,139545,61],{"class":60},[50,139547,700],{"class":604},[50,139549,139550],{"class":608},"one two three",[50,139552,705],{"class":604},[50,139554,139555,139557,139559,139561,139563,139565],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,139556,118],{"class":94},[50,139558,98],{"class":64},[50,139560,718],{"class":101},[50,139562,425],{"class":64},[50,139564,34540],{"class":101},[50,139566,7273],{"class":64},[20,139568,353],{},[41,139570,139572],{"className":43,"code":139571,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['one', 'two', 'three']\n",[15,139573,139574],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,139575,139576,139578,139580,139582,139584,139586,139588,139590,139592,139594,139596,139598,139600],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,139577,363],{"class":64},[50,139579,611],{"class":604},[50,139581,6663],{"class":608},[50,139583,611],{"class":604},[50,139585,72],{"class":64},[50,139587,605],{"class":604},[50,139589,79318],{"class":608},[50,139591,611],{"class":604},[50,139593,72],{"class":64},[50,139595,605],{"class":604},[50,139597,134157],{"class":608},[50,139599,611],{"class":604},[50,139601,83],{"class":64},[36,139603,914,139605,139607],{"id":139604},"using-split-with-no-separator",[15,139606,60596],{}," with no separator",[20,139609,70235,139610,139612],{},[15,139611,60596],{}," with no argument, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,139614,139615],{},"Whitespace includes:",[158,139617,139618,139620,139623],{},[161,139619,10529],{},[161,139621,139622],{},"tabs",[161,139624,139625],{},"new lines",[20,139627,139628],{},"Python also treats repeated whitespace as a single separator.",[20,139630,1602],{},[41,139632,139634],{"className":43,"code":139633,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"Python   is\\tfun\\nand useful\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139635,139636,139659,139673,139677],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,139637,139638,139640,139642,139644,139647,139650,139652,139654,139657],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,139639,695],{"class":56},[50,139641,61],{"class":60},[50,139643,700],{"class":604},[50,139645,139646],{"class":608},"Python   is",[50,139648,139649],{"class":34524},"\\t",[50,139651,133411],{"class":608},[50,139653,87195],{"class":34524},[50,139655,139656],{"class":608},"and useful",[50,139658,705],{"class":604},[50,139660,139661,139663,139665,139667,139669,139671],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,139662,42905],{"class":56},[50,139664,61],{"class":60},[50,139666,42910],{"class":56},[50,139668,425],{"class":64},[50,139670,34540],{"class":101},[50,139672,8722],{"class":64},[50,139674,139675],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,139676,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,139678,139679,139681,139683,139685],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,139680,118],{"class":94},[50,139682,98],{"class":64},[50,139684,42937],{"class":101},[50,139686,105],{"class":64},[20,139688,353],{},[41,139690,139692],{"className":43,"code":139691,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['Python', 'is', 'fun', 'and', 'useful']\n",[15,139693,139694],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,139695,139696,139698,139700,139702,139704,139706,139708,139710,139712,139714,139716,139718,139720,139722,139724,139726,139728,139730,139732,139735,139737],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,139697,363],{"class":64},[50,139699,611],{"class":604},[50,139701,7376],{"class":608},[50,139703,611],{"class":604},[50,139705,72],{"class":64},[50,139707,605],{"class":604},[50,139709,12268],{"class":608},[50,139711,611],{"class":604},[50,139713,72],{"class":64},[50,139715,605],{"class":604},[50,139717,133411],{"class":608},[50,139719,611],{"class":604},[50,139721,72],{"class":64},[50,139723,605],{"class":604},[50,139725,130036],{"class":608},[50,139727,611],{"class":604},[50,139729,72],{"class":64},[50,139731,605],{"class":604},[50,139733,139734],{"class":608},"useful",[50,139736,611],{"class":604},[50,139738,83],{"class":64},[20,139740,139741],{},"This is useful when you want simple word splitting.",[222,139743,139745,1467,139747],{"id":139744},"split-vs-split",[15,139746,60596],{},[15,139748,139749],{},"split(' ')",[20,139751,139752],{},"These are not the same.",[41,139754,139756],{"className":43,"code":139755,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"a  b   c\"\n\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(\" \"))\n",[15,139757,139758,139771,139775,139789],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,139759,139760,139762,139764,139766,139769],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,139761,695],{"class":56},[50,139763,61],{"class":60},[50,139765,700],{"class":604},[50,139767,139768],{"class":608},"a  b   c",[50,139770,705],{"class":604},[50,139772,139773],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,139774,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,139776,139777,139779,139781,139783,139785,139787],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,139778,118],{"class":94},[50,139780,98],{"class":64},[50,139782,718],{"class":101},[50,139784,425],{"class":64},[50,139786,34540],{"class":101},[50,139788,7273],{"class":64},[50,139790,139791,139793,139795,139797,139799,139801,139803,139805,139807],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,139792,118],{"class":94},[50,139794,98],{"class":64},[50,139796,718],{"class":101},[50,139798,425],{"class":64},[50,139800,34540],{"class":101},[50,139802,98],{"class":64},[50,139804,811],{"class":604},[50,139806,700],{"class":604},[50,139808,478],{"class":64},[20,139810,353],{},[41,139812,139814],{"className":43,"code":139813,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', '', 'b', '', '', 'c']\n",[15,139815,139816,139844],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,139817,139818,139820,139822,139824,139826,139828,139830,139832,139834,139836,139838,139840,139842],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,139819,363],{"class":64},[50,139821,611],{"class":604},[50,139823,421],{"class":608},[50,139825,611],{"class":604},[50,139827,72],{"class":64},[50,139829,605],{"class":604},[50,139831,4839],{"class":608},[50,139833,611],{"class":604},[50,139835,72],{"class":64},[50,139837,605],{"class":604},[50,139839,9817],{"class":608},[50,139841,611],{"class":604},[50,139843,83],{"class":64},[50,139845,139846,139848,139850,139852,139854,139856,139858,139860,139862,139864,139866,139868,139870,139872,139874,139876,139878,139880,139882],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,139847,363],{"class":64},[50,139849,611],{"class":604},[50,139851,421],{"class":608},[50,139853,611],{"class":604},[50,139855,72],{"class":64},[50,139857,3919],{"class":604},[50,139859,72],{"class":64},[50,139861,605],{"class":604},[50,139863,4839],{"class":608},[50,139865,611],{"class":604},[50,139867,72],{"class":64},[50,139869,3919],{"class":604},[50,139871,72],{"class":64},[50,139873,3919],{"class":604},[50,139875,72],{"class":64},[50,139877,605],{"class":604},[50,139879,9817],{"class":608},[50,139881,611],{"class":604},[50,139883,83],{"class":64},[158,139885,139886,139891],{},[161,139887,139888,139890],{},[15,139889,60596],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces",[161,139892,139893,139896],{},[15,139894,139895],{},"split(\" \")"," only splits on the space character and can create empty strings",[20,139898,139899,139900,139904],{},"If you need to clean extra spaces before or after text, ",[421,139901,126271,139902,10816],{"href":136841},[15,139903,41723],{}," is often useful.",[36,139906,139908],{"id":139907},"using-a-custom-separator","Using a custom separator",[20,139910,139911,139912,31,139915,2292,139917,425],{},"You can pass your own separator, such as ",[15,139913,139914],{},"\",\"",[15,139916,133510],{},[15,139918,139919],{},"\"::\"",[20,139921,139922],{},"Python splits only where that exact separator appears.",[20,139924,139925],{},"Example with commas:",[41,139927,139929],{"className":43,"code":139928,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139930,139931,139943,139965,139969],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,139932,139933,139935,139937,139939,139941],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,139934,695],{"class":56},[50,139936,61],{"class":60},[50,139938,700],{"class":604},[50,139940,139309],{"class":608},[50,139942,705],{"class":604},[50,139944,139945,139947,139949,139951,139953,139955,139957,139959,139961,139963],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,139946,42905],{"class":56},[50,139948,61],{"class":60},[50,139950,42910],{"class":56},[50,139952,425],{"class":64},[50,139954,34540],{"class":101},[50,139956,98],{"class":64},[50,139958,811],{"class":604},[50,139960,72],{"class":608},[50,139962,811],{"class":604},[50,139964,105],{"class":64},[50,139966,139967],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,139968,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,139970,139971,139973,139975,139977],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,139972,118],{"class":94},[50,139974,98],{"class":64},[50,139976,42937],{"class":101},[50,139978,105],{"class":64},[20,139980,353],{},[41,139982,139983],{"className":43,"code":78499,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,139984,139985],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,139986,139987,139989,139991,139993,139995,139997,139999,140001,140003,140005,140007,140009,140011],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,139988,363],{"class":64},[50,139990,611],{"class":604},[50,139992,1049],{"class":608},[50,139994,611],{"class":604},[50,139996,72],{"class":64},[50,139998,605],{"class":604},[50,140000,1058],{"class":608},[50,140002,611],{"class":604},[50,140004,72],{"class":64},[50,140006,605],{"class":604},[50,140008,1067],{"class":608},[50,140010,611],{"class":604},[50,140012,83],{"class":64},[20,140014,140015],{},"Example with a longer separator:",[41,140017,140019],{"className":43,"code":140018,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"2024::10::31\"\nparts = text.split(\"::\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,140020,140021,140034,140056,140060],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,140022,140023,140025,140027,140029,140032],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,140024,695],{"class":56},[50,140026,61],{"class":60},[50,140028,700],{"class":604},[50,140030,140031],{"class":608},"2024::10::31",[50,140033,705],{"class":604},[50,140035,140036,140038,140040,140042,140044,140046,140048,140050,140052,140054],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,140037,42905],{"class":56},[50,140039,61],{"class":60},[50,140041,42910],{"class":56},[50,140043,425],{"class":64},[50,140045,34540],{"class":101},[50,140047,98],{"class":64},[50,140049,811],{"class":604},[50,140051,76721],{"class":608},[50,140053,811],{"class":604},[50,140055,105],{"class":64},[50,140057,140058],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,140059,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,140061,140062,140064,140066,140068],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,140063,118],{"class":94},[50,140065,98],{"class":64},[50,140067,42937],{"class":101},[50,140069,105],{"class":64},[20,140071,353],{},[41,140073,140075],{"className":43,"code":140074,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['2024', '10', '31']\n",[15,140076,140077],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,140078,140079,140081,140083,140086,140088,140090,140092,140094,140096,140098,140100,140103,140105],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,140080,363],{"class":64},[50,140082,611],{"class":604},[50,140084,140085],{"class":608},"2024",[50,140087,611],{"class":604},[50,140089,72],{"class":64},[50,140091,605],{"class":604},[50,140093,1618],{"class":608},[50,140095,611],{"class":604},[50,140097,72],{"class":64},[50,140099,605],{"class":604},[50,140101,140102],{"class":608},"31",[50,140104,611],{"class":604},[50,140106,83],{"class":64},[20,140108,140109],{},"This is common when working with simple data formats.",[20,140111,140112,140113,425],{},"For more task-focused examples, see ",[421,140114,128955],{"href":128954},[36,140116,914,140118],{"id":140117},"using-maxsplit",[15,140119,139526],{},[20,140121,140122,140124],{},[15,140123,139526],{}," limits the number of splits.",[20,140126,140127],{},"After that limit is reached, the rest of the string stays together in the last item.",[20,140129,1602],{},[41,140131,140133],{"className":43,"code":140132,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"name:age:city:country\"\nparts = text.split(\":\", 2)\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,140134,140135,140148,140174,140178],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,140136,140137,140139,140141,140143,140146],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,140138,695],{"class":56},[50,140140,61],{"class":60},[50,140142,700],{"class":604},[50,140144,140145],{"class":608},"name:age:city:country",[50,140147,705],{"class":604},[50,140149,140150,140152,140154,140156,140158,140160,140162,140164,140166,140168,140170,140172],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,140151,42905],{"class":56},[50,140153,61],{"class":60},[50,140155,42910],{"class":56},[50,140157,425],{"class":64},[50,140159,34540],{"class":101},[50,140161,98],{"class":64},[50,140163,811],{"class":604},[50,140165,819],{"class":608},[50,140167,811],{"class":604},[50,140169,72],{"class":64},[50,140171,80],{"class":68},[50,140173,105],{"class":64},[50,140175,140176],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,140177,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,140179,140180,140182,140184,140186],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,140181,118],{"class":94},[50,140183,98],{"class":64},[50,140185,42937],{"class":101},[50,140187,105],{"class":64},[20,140189,353],{},[41,140191,140193],{"className":43,"code":140192,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['name', 'age', 'city:country']\n",[15,140194,140195],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,140196,140197,140199,140201,140203,140205,140207,140209,140211,140213,140215,140217,140220,140222],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,140198,363],{"class":64},[50,140200,611],{"class":604},[50,140202,814],{"class":608},[50,140204,611],{"class":604},[50,140206,72],{"class":64},[50,140208,605],{"class":604},[50,140210,833],{"class":608},[50,140212,611],{"class":604},[50,140214,72],{"class":64},[50,140216,605],{"class":604},[50,140218,140219],{"class":608},"city:country",[50,140221,611],{"class":604},[50,140223,83],{"class":64},[20,140225,2278],{},[158,140227,140228,140233,140238],{},[161,140229,140230,140231],{},"Python splits at the first ",[15,140232,819],{},[161,140234,140235,140236],{},"then splits at the second ",[15,140237,819],{},[161,140239,140240],{},"then stops",[20,140242,140243],{},"This is useful when only the first few separators matter.",[20,140245,52149],{},[41,140247,140249],{"className":43,"code":140248,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"apple banana cherry grape\"\nprint(text.split(\" \", 1))\n",[15,140250,140251,140264],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,140252,140253,140255,140257,140259,140262],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,140254,695],{"class":56},[50,140256,61],{"class":60},[50,140258,700],{"class":604},[50,140260,140261],{"class":608},"apple banana cherry grape",[50,140263,705],{"class":604},[50,140265,140266,140268,140270,140272,140274,140276,140278,140280,140282,140284,140286],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,140267,118],{"class":94},[50,140269,98],{"class":64},[50,140271,718],{"class":101},[50,140273,425],{"class":64},[50,140275,34540],{"class":101},[50,140277,98],{"class":64},[50,140279,811],{"class":604},[50,140281,700],{"class":604},[50,140283,72],{"class":64},[50,140285,75],{"class":68},[50,140287,478],{"class":64},[20,140289,353],{},[41,140291,140293],{"className":43,"code":140292,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['apple', 'banana cherry grape']\n",[15,140294,140295],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,140296,140297,140299,140301,140303,140305,140307,140309,140312,140314],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,140298,363],{"class":64},[50,140300,611],{"class":604},[50,140302,1049],{"class":608},[50,140304,611],{"class":604},[50,140306,72],{"class":64},[50,140308,605],{"class":604},[50,140310,140311],{"class":608},"banana cherry grape",[50,140313,611],{"class":604},[50,140315,83],{"class":64},[36,140317,153,140319,11780],{"id":140318},"what-split-returns",[15,140320,60596],{},[20,140322,140323,140324,140326,140327,425],{},"The result of ",[15,140325,60596],{}," is always a ",[3824,140328,437],{},[20,140330,140331],{},"Each item in that list is a string.",[20,140333,1602],{},[41,140335,140337],{"className":43,"code":140336,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"cat,dog,bird\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\nprint(type(parts))\nprint(parts[0])\n",[15,140338,140339,140352,140374,140378,140388,140402],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,140340,140341,140343,140345,140347,140350],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,140342,695],{"class":56},[50,140344,61],{"class":60},[50,140346,700],{"class":604},[50,140348,140349],{"class":608},"cat,dog,bird",[50,140351,705],{"class":604},[50,140353,140354,140356,140358,140360,140362,140364,140366,140368,140370,140372],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,140355,42905],{"class":56},[50,140357,61],{"class":60},[50,140359,42910],{"class":56},[50,140361,425],{"class":64},[50,140363,34540],{"class":101},[50,140365,98],{"class":64},[50,140367,811],{"class":604},[50,140369,72],{"class":608},[50,140371,811],{"class":604},[50,140373,105],{"class":64},[50,140375,140376],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,140377,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,140379,140380,140382,140384,140386],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,140381,118],{"class":94},[50,140383,98],{"class":64},[50,140385,42937],{"class":101},[50,140387,105],{"class":64},[50,140389,140390,140392,140394,140396,140398,140400],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,140391,118],{"class":94},[50,140393,98],{"class":64},[50,140395,558],{"class":557},[50,140397,98],{"class":64},[50,140399,42937],{"class":101},[50,140401,478],{"class":64},[50,140403,140404,140406,140408,140410,140412,140414],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,140405,118],{"class":94},[50,140407,98],{"class":64},[50,140409,42937],{"class":101},[50,140411,363],{"class":64},[50,140413,2220],{"class":68},[50,140415,3970],{"class":64},[20,140417,353],{},[41,140419,140421],{"className":43,"code":140420,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\ncat\n",[15,140422,140423,140451,140465],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,140424,140425,140427,140429,140431,140433,140435,140437,140439,140441,140443,140445,140447,140449],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,140426,363],{"class":64},[50,140428,611],{"class":604},[50,140430,37116],{"class":608},[50,140432,611],{"class":604},[50,140434,72],{"class":64},[50,140436,605],{"class":604},[50,140438,58194],{"class":608},[50,140440,611],{"class":604},[50,140442,72],{"class":64},[50,140444,605],{"class":604},[50,140446,58211],{"class":608},[50,140448,611],{"class":604},[50,140450,83],{"class":64},[50,140452,140453,140455,140457,140459,140461,140463],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,140454,597],{"class":60},[50,140456,601],{"class":600},[50,140458,605],{"class":604},[50,140460,437],{"class":608},[50,140462,611],{"class":604},[50,140464,614],{"class":60},[50,140466,140467],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,140468,85512],{"class":56},[20,140470,140471],{},"Because the result is a list, you can:",[158,140473,140474,140477,140480],{},[161,140475,140476],{},"loop over it",[161,140478,140479],{},"access items by index",[161,140481,140482],{},"combine items again later",[20,140484,140485,140486,425],{},"If you want to turn the list back into one string, use ",[421,140487,126271,140489,10816],{"href":140488},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method\u002F",[15,140490,133353],{},[20,140492,1602],{},[41,140494,140496],{"className":43,"code":140495,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"parts = ['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\ntext = \"-\".join(parts)\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,140497,140498,140530,140552,140556],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,140499,140500,140502,140504,140506,140508,140510,140512,140514,140516,140518,140520,140522,140524,140526,140528],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,140501,42905],{"class":56},[50,140503,61],{"class":60},[50,140505,65],{"class":64},[50,140507,611],{"class":604},[50,140509,37116],{"class":608},[50,140511,611],{"class":604},[50,140513,72],{"class":64},[50,140515,605],{"class":604},[50,140517,58194],{"class":608},[50,140519,611],{"class":604},[50,140521,72],{"class":64},[50,140523,605],{"class":604},[50,140525,58211],{"class":608},[50,140527,611],{"class":604},[50,140529,83],{"class":64},[50,140531,140532,140534,140536,140538,140540,140542,140544,140546,140548,140550],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,140533,695],{"class":56},[50,140535,61],{"class":60},[50,140537,700],{"class":604},[50,140539,2124],{"class":608},[50,140541,811],{"class":604},[50,140543,425],{"class":64},[50,140545,133430],{"class":101},[50,140547,98],{"class":64},[50,140549,42937],{"class":101},[50,140551,105],{"class":64},[50,140553,140554],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,140555,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,140557,140558,140560,140562,140564],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,140559,118],{"class":94},[50,140561,98],{"class":64},[50,140563,718],{"class":101},[50,140565,105],{"class":64},[20,140567,353],{},[41,140569,140571],{"className":43,"code":140570,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"cat-dog-bird\n",[15,140572,140573],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,140574,140575,140577,140579,140581,140583],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,140576,37116],{"class":56},[50,140578,2124],{"class":60},[50,140580,58194],{"class":56},[50,140582,2124],{"class":60},[50,140584,140585],{"class":56},"bird\n",[36,140587,140589],{"id":140588},"common-edge-cases","Common edge cases",[20,140591,140592],{},"Here are some cases that often surprise beginners.",[222,140594,140596],{"id":140595},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-no-separator","Splitting an empty string with no separator",[41,140598,140600],{"className":43,"code":140599,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,140601,140602,140610],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,140603,140604,140606,140608],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,140605,695],{"class":56},[50,140607,61],{"class":60},[50,140609,7960],{"class":604},[50,140611,140612,140614,140616,140618,140620,140622],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,140613,118],{"class":94},[50,140615,98],{"class":64},[50,140617,718],{"class":101},[50,140619,425],{"class":64},[50,140621,34540],{"class":101},[50,140623,7273],{"class":64},[20,140625,353],{},[41,140627,140628],{"className":43,"code":38367,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,140629,140630],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,140631,140632],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,140633,38367],{"class":64},[222,140635,140637],{"id":140636},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-a-custom-separator","Splitting an empty string with a custom separator",[41,140639,140641],{"className":43,"code":140640,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,140642,140643,140651],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,140644,140645,140647,140649],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,140646,695],{"class":56},[50,140648,61],{"class":60},[50,140650,7960],{"class":604},[50,140652,140653,140655,140657,140659,140661,140663,140665,140667,140669,140671],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,140654,118],{"class":94},[50,140656,98],{"class":64},[50,140658,718],{"class":101},[50,140660,425],{"class":64},[50,140662,34540],{"class":101},[50,140664,98],{"class":64},[50,140666,811],{"class":604},[50,140668,72],{"class":608},[50,140670,811],{"class":604},[50,140672,478],{"class":64},[20,140674,353],{},[41,140676,140678],{"className":43,"code":140677,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['']\n",[15,140679,140680],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,140681,140682,140684,140686],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,140683,363],{"class":64},[50,140685,3855],{"class":604},[50,140687,83],{"class":64},[222,140689,140691],{"id":140690},"separator-not-found","Separator not found",[20,140693,140694],{},"If Python does not find the separator, it returns a one-item list containing the original string.",[41,140696,140698],{"className":43,"code":140697,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,140699,140700,140712],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,140701,140702,140704,140706,140708,140710],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,140703,695],{"class":56},[50,140705,61],{"class":60},[50,140707,700],{"class":604},[50,140709,3926],{"class":608},[50,140711,705],{"class":604},[50,140713,140714,140716,140718,140720,140722,140724,140726,140728,140730,140732],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,140715,118],{"class":94},[50,140717,98],{"class":64},[50,140719,718],{"class":101},[50,140721,425],{"class":64},[50,140723,34540],{"class":101},[50,140725,98],{"class":64},[50,140727,811],{"class":604},[50,140729,72],{"class":608},[50,140731,811],{"class":604},[50,140733,478],{"class":64},[20,140735,353],{},[41,140737,140739],{"className":43,"code":140738,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"['hello']\n",[15,140740,140741],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,140742,140743,140745,140747,140749,140751],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,140744,363],{"class":64},[50,140746,611],{"class":604},[50,140748,3926],{"class":608},[50,140750,611],{"class":604},[50,140752,83],{"class":64},[36,140754,5040,140756],{"id":140755},"when-to-use-split",[15,140757,60596],{},[20,140759,920,140760,140762],{},[15,140761,60596],{}," when you need to:",[158,140764,140765,140768,140771],{},[161,140766,140767],{},"split a sentence into words",[161,140769,140770],{},"split comma-separated values",[161,140772,140773],{},"break lines or simple structured text into parts",[20,140775,140776],{},"It is especially useful for tasks like:",[158,140778,140779,140782,140785],{},[161,140780,140781],{},"cleaning text",[161,140783,140784],{},"parsing user input",[161,140786,140787],{},"processing simple file content",[36,140789,1743],{"id":1742},[20,140791,84283],{},[158,140793,140794,140798,140804,140807,140815],{},[161,140795,50575,140796,131491],{},[15,140797,60596],{},[161,140799,140800,140801,140803],{},"forgetting that ",[15,140802,60596],{}," returns a list, not a string",[161,140805,140806],{},"using the wrong separator",[161,140808,140809,140810,140812,140813],{},"assuming ",[15,140811,139749],{}," behaves the same as ",[15,140814,60596],{},[161,140816,140817],{},"using an index that does not exist after splitting",[20,140819,140820],{},"Example of a common mistake:",[41,140822,140824],{"className":43,"code":140823,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"a,b,c\"\ntext.split(\",\")\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,140825,140826,140838,140856,140860],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,140827,140828,140830,140832,140834,140836],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,140829,695],{"class":56},[50,140831,61],{"class":60},[50,140833,700],{"class":604},[50,140835,42898],{"class":608},[50,140837,705],{"class":604},[50,140839,140840,140842,140844,140846,140848,140850,140852,140854],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,140841,718],{"class":56},[50,140843,425],{"class":64},[50,140845,34540],{"class":101},[50,140847,98],{"class":64},[50,140849,811],{"class":604},[50,140851,72],{"class":608},[50,140853,811],{"class":604},[50,140855,105],{"class":64},[50,140857,140858],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,140859,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,140861,140862,140864,140866,140868],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,140863,118],{"class":94},[50,140865,98],{"class":64},[50,140867,718],{"class":101},[50,140869,105],{"class":64},[20,140871,353],{},[41,140873,140875],{"className":43,"code":140874,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a,b,c\n",[15,140876,140877],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,140878,140879,140881,140883,140885,140887],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,140880,421],{"class":56},[50,140882,72],{"class":64},[50,140884,4839],{"class":56},[50,140886,72],{"class":64},[50,140888,69307],{"class":56},[20,140890,140891],{},"This happens because the result was not saved.",[20,140893,10883],{},[41,140895,140896],{"className":43,"code":42885,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,140897,140898,140910,140932,140936],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,140899,140900,140902,140904,140906,140908],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,140901,695],{"class":56},[50,140903,61],{"class":60},[50,140905,700],{"class":604},[50,140907,42898],{"class":608},[50,140909,705],{"class":604},[50,140911,140912,140914,140916,140918,140920,140922,140924,140926,140928,140930],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,140913,42905],{"class":56},[50,140915,61],{"class":60},[50,140917,42910],{"class":56},[50,140919,425],{"class":64},[50,140921,34540],{"class":101},[50,140923,98],{"class":64},[50,140925,811],{"class":604},[50,140927,72],{"class":608},[50,140929,811],{"class":604},[50,140931,105],{"class":64},[50,140933,140934],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,140935,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,140937,140938,140940,140942,140944],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,140939,118],{"class":94},[50,140941,98],{"class":64},[50,140943,42937],{"class":101},[50,140945,105],{"class":64},[20,140947,353],{},[41,140949,140950],{"className":43,"code":42944,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,140951,140952],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,140953,140954,140956,140958,140960,140962,140964,140966,140968,140970,140972,140974,140976,140978],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,140955,363],{"class":64},[50,140957,611],{"class":604},[50,140959,421],{"class":608},[50,140961,611],{"class":604},[50,140963,72],{"class":64},[50,140965,605],{"class":604},[50,140967,4839],{"class":608},[50,140969,611],{"class":604},[50,140971,72],{"class":64},[50,140973,605],{"class":604},[50,140975,9817],{"class":608},[50,140977,611],{"class":604},[50,140979,83],{"class":64},[20,140981,140982],{},"Another common problem is using an index that does not exist:",[41,140984,140986],{"className":43,"code":140985,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"apple,banana\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts[2])\n",[15,140987,140988,141001,141023,141027],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,140989,140990,140992,140994,140996,140999],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,140991,695],{"class":56},[50,140993,61],{"class":60},[50,140995,700],{"class":604},[50,140997,140998],{"class":608},"apple,banana",[50,141000,705],{"class":604},[50,141002,141003,141005,141007,141009,141011,141013,141015,141017,141019,141021],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,141004,42905],{"class":56},[50,141006,61],{"class":60},[50,141008,42910],{"class":56},[50,141010,425],{"class":64},[50,141012,34540],{"class":101},[50,141014,98],{"class":64},[50,141016,811],{"class":604},[50,141018,72],{"class":608},[50,141020,811],{"class":604},[50,141022,105],{"class":64},[50,141024,141025],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,141026,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,141028,141029,141031,141033,141035,141037,141039],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,141030,118],{"class":94},[50,141032,98],{"class":64},[50,141034,42937],{"class":101},[50,141036,363],{"class":64},[50,141038,1564],{"class":68},[50,141040,3970],{"class":64},[20,141042,141043,141044,425],{},"This causes an error because there is no third item. If you need help with that, see ",[421,141045,69320],{"href":69319},[222,141047,60775],{"id":60774},[20,141049,8955,141050,141052],{},[15,141051,60596],{}," is not giving the result you expect, try printing these:",[41,141054,141056],{"className":43,"code":141055,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(text)\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(','))\nprint(len(text.split(',')))\nprint(type(text.split(',')))\n",[15,141057,141058,141068,141082,141104,141130],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,141059,141060,141062,141064,141066],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,141061,118],{"class":94},[50,141063,98],{"class":64},[50,141065,718],{"class":101},[50,141067,105],{"class":64},[50,141069,141070,141072,141074,141076,141078,141080],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,141071,118],{"class":94},[50,141073,98],{"class":64},[50,141075,718],{"class":101},[50,141077,425],{"class":64},[50,141079,34540],{"class":101},[50,141081,7273],{"class":64},[50,141083,141084,141086,141088,141090,141092,141094,141096,141098,141100,141102],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,141085,118],{"class":94},[50,141087,98],{"class":64},[50,141089,718],{"class":101},[50,141091,425],{"class":64},[50,141093,34540],{"class":101},[50,141095,98],{"class":64},[50,141097,611],{"class":604},[50,141099,72],{"class":608},[50,141101,611],{"class":604},[50,141103,478],{"class":64},[50,141105,141106,141108,141110,141112,141114,141116,141118,141120,141122,141124,141126,141128],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,141107,118],{"class":94},[50,141109,98],{"class":64},[50,141111,1267],{"class":94},[50,141113,98],{"class":64},[50,141115,718],{"class":101},[50,141117,425],{"class":64},[50,141119,34540],{"class":101},[50,141121,98],{"class":64},[50,141123,611],{"class":604},[50,141125,72],{"class":608},[50,141127,611],{"class":604},[50,141129,569],{"class":64},[50,141131,141132,141134,141136,141138,141140,141142,141144,141146,141148,141150,141152,141154],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,141133,118],{"class":94},[50,141135,98],{"class":64},[50,141137,558],{"class":557},[50,141139,98],{"class":64},[50,141141,718],{"class":101},[50,141143,425],{"class":64},[50,141145,34540],{"class":101},[50,141147,98],{"class":64},[50,141149,611],{"class":604},[50,141151,72],{"class":608},[50,141153,611],{"class":604},[50,141155,569],{"class":64},[20,141157,11245],{},[158,141159,141160,141163,141166,141169],{},[161,141161,141162],{},"what the original string looks like",[161,141164,141165],{},"which separator works",[161,141167,141168],{},"how many items were created",[161,141170,141171],{},"that the result is a list",[36,141173,1913],{"id":1912},[222,141175,5258,141177,4472,141179,1943],{"id":141176},"what-is-the-difference-between-split-and-split",[15,141178,60596],{},[15,141180,139749],{},[20,141182,141183,141185],{},[15,141184,60596],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces.",[20,141187,141188,141190],{},[15,141189,139749],{}," only splits on the space character and can produce empty strings.",[222,141192,1917,141194,124598],{"id":141193},"does-split-change-the-original-string",[15,141195,60596],{},[20,141197,141198,141199,56546],{},"No. Strings are immutable. ",[15,141200,60596],{},[222,141202,1927,141204,40029],{"id":141203},"what-does-maxsplit-do",[15,141205,139526],{},[20,141207,141208],{},"It sets the maximum number of splits. After that, the rest of the string stays in the final list item.",[222,141210,141212],{"id":141211},"why-am-i-getting-a-list-instead-of-a-string","Why am I getting a list instead of a string?",[20,141214,29131,141215,141217],{},[15,141216,60596],{}," always returns a list of strings.",[36,141219,1975],{"id":1974},[158,141221,141222,141226,141232,141238,141242],{},[161,141223,141224],{},[421,141225,129876],{"href":128954},[161,141227,141228],{},[421,141229,126271,141230,10816],{"href":140488},[15,141231,133353],{},[161,141233,141234],{},[421,141235,126271,141236,10816],{"href":136841},[15,141237,41723],{},[161,141239,141240],{},[421,141241,125026],{"href":51045},[161,141243,141244],{},[421,141245,69320],{"href":69319},[2018,141247,141248],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":141250},[141251,141252,141254,141255,141260,141261,141263,141265,141270,141272,141275,141284],{"id":2104,"depth":86,"text":2105},{"id":139356,"depth":86,"text":141253},"What split() does",{"id":180,"depth":86,"text":181},{"id":139604,"depth":86,"text":141256,"children":141257},"Using split() with no separator",[141258],{"id":139744,"depth":108,"text":141259},"split() vs split(' ')",{"id":139907,"depth":86,"text":139908},{"id":140117,"depth":86,"text":141262},"Using maxsplit",{"id":140318,"depth":86,"text":141264},"What split() returns",{"id":140588,"depth":86,"text":140589,"children":141266},[141267,141268,141269],{"id":140595,"depth":108,"text":140596},{"id":140636,"depth":108,"text":140637},{"id":140690,"depth":108,"text":140691},{"id":140755,"depth":86,"text":141271},"When to use split()",{"id":1742,"depth":86,"text":1743,"children":141273},[141274],{"id":60774,"depth":108,"text":60775},{"id":1912,"depth":86,"text":1913,"children":141276},[141277,141279,141281,141283],{"id":141176,"depth":108,"text":141278},"What is the difference between split() and split(' ')?",{"id":141193,"depth":108,"text":141280},"Does split() change the original string?",{"id":141203,"depth":108,"text":141282},"What does maxsplit do?",{"id":141211,"depth":108,"text":141212},{"id":1974,"depth":86,"text":1975},"Master python string split method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method",{"title":139265,"description":141285},"reference\u002Fpython-string-split-method","cCGXdWx7_YYjF-3k7XJupk3UdiQY7ADrDK7YZ7Egp2A",{"id":141292,"title":141293,"body":141294,"description":143237,"extension":2064,"meta":143238,"navigation":111,"path":143239,"seo":143240,"stem":143241,"__hash__":143242},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method.md","Python String startswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":141295,"toc":143196},[141296,141301,141306,141313,141386,141391,141396,141401,141417,141419,141489,141491,141493,141513,141515,141560,141565,141567,141665,141670,141674,141679,141683,141686,141728,141732,141735,141780,141784,141787,141837,141841,141846,141898,141900,141905,141916,141921,142001,142003,142015,142024,142031,142046,142048,142163,142169,142173,142176,142181,142323,142326,142333,142335,142339,142347,142416,142422,142471,142476,142481,142483,142503,142505,142571,142573,142577,142580,142584,142625,142627,142660,142665,142668,142695,142697,142740,142747,142752,142762,142828,142832,142840,142845,142896,142900,142903,142905,142914,142916,142966,142968,143075,143077,143082,143089,143095,143098,143129,143134,143136,143143,143151,143160,143163,143165,143193],[10,141297,123271,141299,11397],{"id":141298},"python-string-startswith-method",[15,141300,127639],{},[20,141302,123276,141303,141305],{},[15,141304,127639],{}," method checks whether a string begins with specific text.",[20,141307,126337,141308,2976,141310,141312],{},[15,141309,247],{},[15,141311,218],{}," answer. Beginners often use it to test commands, filenames, labels, and other text patterns.",[41,141314,141316],{"className":43,"code":141315,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"Python Beginner Help\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Python\"))   # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"Beginner\")) # False\n",[15,141317,141318,141331,141335,141360],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,141319,141320,141322,141324,141326,141329],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,141321,695],{"class":56},[50,141323,61],{"class":60},[50,141325,700],{"class":604},[50,141327,141328],{"class":608},"Python Beginner Help",[50,141330,705],{"class":604},[50,141332,141333],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,141334,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,141336,141337,141339,141341,141343,141345,141348,141350,141352,141354,141356,141358],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,141338,118],{"class":94},[50,141340,98],{"class":64},[50,141342,718],{"class":101},[50,141344,425],{"class":64},[50,141346,141347],{"class":101},"startswith",[50,141349,98],{"class":64},[50,141351,811],{"class":604},[50,141353,7376],{"class":608},[50,141355,811],{"class":604},[50,141357,5440],{"class":64},[50,141359,43924],{"class":129},[50,141361,141362,141364,141366,141368,141370,141372,141374,141376,141379,141381,141383],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,141363,118],{"class":94},[50,141365,98],{"class":64},[50,141367,718],{"class":101},[50,141369,425],{"class":64},[50,141371,141347],{"class":101},[50,141373,98],{"class":64},[50,141375,811],{"class":604},[50,141377,141378],{"class":608},"Beginner",[50,141380,811],{"class":604},[50,141382,5440],{"class":64},[50,141384,141385],{"class":129}," # False\n",[20,141387,920,141388,141390],{},[15,141389,127639],{}," when you want to check whether a string begins with certain text.",[36,141392,153,141394,156],{"id":141393},"what-startswith-does",[15,141395,127639],{},[20,141397,141398,141400],{},[15,141399,127639],{}," is a string method that checks the beginning of a string.",[158,141402,141403,141406,141412,141414],{},[161,141404,141405],{},"It checks whether a string begins with a given value",[161,141407,5227,141408,2976,141410],{},[15,141409,247],{},[15,141411,218],{},[161,141413,123414],{},[161,141415,141416],{},"It works only on strings",[20,141418,1602],{},[41,141420,141422],{"className":43,"code":141421,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"name = \"Python\"\n\nprint(name.startswith(\"Py\"))   # True\nprint(name.startswith(\"py\"))   # False\n",[15,141423,141424,141436,141440,141465],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,141425,141426,141428,141430,141432,141434],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,141427,7955],{"class":56},[50,141429,61],{"class":60},[50,141431,700],{"class":604},[50,141433,7376],{"class":608},[50,141435,705],{"class":604},[50,141437,141438],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,141439,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,141441,141442,141444,141446,141448,141450,141452,141454,141456,141459,141461,141463],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,141443,118],{"class":94},[50,141445,98],{"class":64},[50,141447,814],{"class":101},[50,141449,425],{"class":64},[50,141451,141347],{"class":101},[50,141453,98],{"class":64},[50,141455,811],{"class":604},[50,141457,141458],{"class":608},"Py",[50,141460,811],{"class":604},[50,141462,5440],{"class":64},[50,141464,43924],{"class":129},[50,141466,141467,141469,141471,141473,141475,141477,141479,141481,141483,141485,141487],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,141468,118],{"class":94},[50,141470,98],{"class":64},[50,141472,814],{"class":101},[50,141474,425],{"class":64},[50,141476,141347],{"class":101},[50,141478,98],{"class":64},[50,141480,811],{"class":604},[50,141482,128717],{"class":608},[50,141484,811],{"class":604},[50,141486,5440],{"class":64},[50,141488,43941],{"class":129},[36,141490,181],{"id":180},[20,141492,42453],{},[41,141494,141496],{"className":43,"code":141495,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"string.startswith(prefix)\n",[15,141497,141498],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,141499,141500,141502,141504,141506,141508,141511],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,141501,684],{"class":56},[50,141503,425],{"class":64},[50,141505,141347],{"class":101},[50,141507,98],{"class":64},[50,141509,141510],{"class":101},"prefix",[50,141512,105],{"class":64},[20,141514,30833],{},[41,141516,141518],{"className":43,"code":141517,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"string.startswith(prefix, start)\nstring.startswith(prefix, start, end)\n",[15,141519,141520,141538],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,141521,141522,141524,141526,141528,141530,141532,141534,141536],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,141523,684],{"class":56},[50,141525,425],{"class":64},[50,141527,141347],{"class":101},[50,141529,98],{"class":64},[50,141531,141510],{"class":101},[50,141533,72],{"class":64},[50,141535,36121],{"class":101},[50,141537,105],{"class":64},[50,141539,141540,141542,141544,141546,141548,141550,141552,141554,141556,141558],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,141541,684],{"class":56},[50,141543,425],{"class":64},[50,141545,141347],{"class":101},[50,141547,98],{"class":64},[50,141549,141510],{"class":101},[50,141551,72],{"class":64},[50,141553,36121],{"class":101},[50,141555,72],{"class":64},[50,141557,65101],{"class":101},[50,141559,105],{"class":64},[20,141561,1325,141562,141564],{},[15,141563,141510],{}," is the text you want to check at the beginning.",[20,141566,1602],{},[41,141568,141570],{"className":43,"code":141569,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"hello\"))      # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))      # False\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))   # True\n",[15,141571,141572,141584,141588,141613,141637],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,141573,141574,141576,141578,141580,141582],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,141575,695],{"class":56},[50,141577,61],{"class":60},[50,141579,700],{"class":604},[50,141581,60473],{"class":608},[50,141583,705],{"class":604},[50,141585,141586],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,141587,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,141589,141590,141592,141594,141596,141598,141600,141602,141604,141606,141608,141610],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,141591,118],{"class":94},[50,141593,98],{"class":64},[50,141595,718],{"class":101},[50,141597,425],{"class":64},[50,141599,141347],{"class":101},[50,141601,98],{"class":64},[50,141603,811],{"class":604},[50,141605,3926],{"class":608},[50,141607,811],{"class":604},[50,141609,5440],{"class":64},[50,141611,141612],{"class":129},"      # True\n",[50,141614,141615,141617,141619,141621,141623,141625,141627,141629,141631,141633,141635],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,141616,118],{"class":94},[50,141618,98],{"class":64},[50,141620,718],{"class":101},[50,141622,425],{"class":64},[50,141624,141347],{"class":101},[50,141626,98],{"class":64},[50,141628,811],{"class":604},[50,141630,60656],{"class":608},[50,141632,811],{"class":604},[50,141634,5440],{"class":64},[50,141636,21270],{"class":129},[50,141638,141639,141641,141643,141645,141647,141649,141651,141653,141655,141657,141659,141661,141663],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,141640,118],{"class":94},[50,141642,98],{"class":64},[50,141644,718],{"class":101},[50,141646,425],{"class":64},[50,141648,141347],{"class":101},[50,141650,98],{"class":64},[50,141652,811],{"class":604},[50,141654,60656],{"class":608},[50,141656,811],{"class":604},[50,141658,72],{"class":64},[50,141660,37713],{"class":68},[50,141662,5440],{"class":64},[50,141664,43924],{"class":129},[20,141666,141667,141668,425],{},"If you are new to Python strings, see ",[421,141669,125026],{"href":51045},[36,141671,141673],{"id":141672},"parameters-explained","Parameters explained",[20,141675,141676,141678],{},[15,141677,127639],{}," can take up to three arguments.",[222,141680,141681],{"id":141510},[15,141682,141510],{},[20,141684,141685],{},"This is the starting text you want to match.",[41,141687,141689],{"className":43,"code":141688,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"ban\"))  # True\n",[15,141690,141691,141703],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,141692,141693,141695,141697,141699,141701],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,141694,695],{"class":56},[50,141696,61],{"class":60},[50,141698,700],{"class":604},[50,141700,1058],{"class":608},[50,141702,705],{"class":604},[50,141704,141705,141707,141709,141711,141713,141715,141717,141719,141722,141724,141726],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,141706,118],{"class":94},[50,141708,98],{"class":64},[50,141710,718],{"class":101},[50,141712,425],{"class":64},[50,141714,141347],{"class":101},[50,141716,98],{"class":64},[50,141718,811],{"class":604},[50,141720,141721],{"class":608},"ban",[50,141723,811],{"class":604},[50,141725,5440],{"class":64},[50,141727,3747],{"class":129},[222,141729,141730],{"id":36142},[15,141731,36142],{},[20,141733,141734],{},"This optional number tells Python where to begin checking.",[41,141736,141738],{"className":43,"code":141737,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))  # True\n",[15,141739,141740,141752],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,141741,141742,141744,141746,141748,141750],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,141743,695],{"class":56},[50,141745,61],{"class":60},[50,141747,700],{"class":604},[50,141749,60473],{"class":608},[50,141751,705],{"class":604},[50,141753,141754,141756,141758,141760,141762,141764,141766,141768,141770,141772,141774,141776,141778],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,141755,118],{"class":94},[50,141757,98],{"class":64},[50,141759,718],{"class":101},[50,141761,425],{"class":64},[50,141763,141347],{"class":101},[50,141765,98],{"class":64},[50,141767,811],{"class":604},[50,141769,60656],{"class":608},[50,141771,811],{"class":604},[50,141773,72],{"class":64},[50,141775,37713],{"class":68},[50,141777,5440],{"class":64},[50,141779,3747],{"class":129},[222,141781,141782],{"id":52730},[15,141783,52730],{},[20,141785,141786],{},"This optional number tells Python where to stop checking.",[41,141788,141790],{"className":43,"code":141789,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"wor\", 6, 9))  # True\n",[15,141791,141792,141804],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,141793,141794,141796,141798,141800,141802],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,141795,695],{"class":56},[50,141797,61],{"class":60},[50,141799,700],{"class":604},[50,141801,60473],{"class":608},[50,141803,705],{"class":604},[50,141805,141806,141808,141810,141812,141814,141816,141818,141820,141823,141825,141827,141829,141831,141833,141835],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,141807,118],{"class":94},[50,141809,98],{"class":64},[50,141811,718],{"class":101},[50,141813,425],{"class":64},[50,141815,141347],{"class":101},[50,141817,98],{"class":64},[50,141819,811],{"class":604},[50,141821,141822],{"class":608},"wor",[50,141824,811],{"class":604},[50,141826,72],{"class":64},[50,141828,37713],{"class":68},[50,141830,72],{"class":64},[50,141832,54205],{"class":68},[50,141834,5440],{"class":64},[50,141836,3747],{"class":129},[222,141838,141840],{"id":141839},"multiple-prefixes","Multiple prefixes",[20,141842,141843,141845],{},[15,141844,141510],{}," can also be a tuple of strings. This lets you test more than one possible beginning.",[41,141847,141849],{"className":43,"code":141848,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"filename = \"img_001.png\"\nprint(filename.startswith((\"img_\", \"photo_\")))  # True\n",[15,141850,141851,141864],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,141852,141853,141855,141857,141859,141862],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,141854,126354],{"class":56},[50,141856,61],{"class":60},[50,141858,700],{"class":604},[50,141860,141861],{"class":608},"img_001.png",[50,141863,705],{"class":604},[50,141865,141866,141868,141870,141872,141874,141876,141878,141880,141883,141885,141887,141889,141892,141894,141896],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,141867,118],{"class":94},[50,141869,98],{"class":64},[50,141871,126372],{"class":101},[50,141873,425],{"class":64},[50,141875,141347],{"class":101},[50,141877,1820],{"class":64},[50,141879,811],{"class":604},[50,141881,141882],{"class":608},"img_",[50,141884,811],{"class":604},[50,141886,72],{"class":64},[50,141888,700],{"class":604},[50,141890,141891],{"class":608},"photo_",[50,141893,811],{"class":604},[50,141895,51160],{"class":64},[50,141897,3747],{"class":129},[36,141899,17488],{"id":17487},[20,141901,141902,141904],{},[15,141903,127639],{}," always returns a Boolean value:",[158,141906,141907,141912],{},[161,141908,141909,141911],{},[15,141910,247],{}," if the string starts with the prefix",[161,141913,141914,126956],{},[15,141915,218],{},[20,141917,141918,141919,7251],{},"This makes it useful in ",[15,141920,7076],{},[41,141922,141924],{"className":43,"code":141923,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"command = \"\u002Fhelp\"\n\nif command.startswith(\"\u002F\"):\n    print(\"This looks like a command.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is normal text.\")\n",[15,141925,141926,141940,141944,141965,141980,141986],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,141927,141928,141931,141933,141935,141938],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,141929,141930],{"class":56},"command ",[50,141932,61],{"class":60},[50,141934,700],{"class":604},[50,141936,141937],{"class":608},"\u002Fhelp",[50,141939,705],{"class":604},[50,141941,141942],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,141943,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,141945,141946,141948,141951,141953,141955,141957,141959,141961,141963],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,141947,7076],{"class":3957},[50,141949,141950],{"class":56}," command",[50,141952,425],{"class":64},[50,141954,141347],{"class":101},[50,141956,98],{"class":64},[50,141958,811],{"class":604},[50,141960,127163],{"class":608},[50,141962,811],{"class":604},[50,141964,8421],{"class":64},[50,141966,141967,141969,141971,141973,141976,141978],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,141968,8148],{"class":94},[50,141970,98],{"class":64},[50,141972,811],{"class":604},[50,141974,141975],{"class":608},"This looks like a command.",[50,141977,811],{"class":604},[50,141979,105],{"class":64},[50,141981,141982,141984],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,141983,27503],{"class":3957},[50,141985,6470],{"class":64},[50,141987,141988,141990,141992,141994,141997,141999],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,141989,8148],{"class":94},[50,141991,98],{"class":64},[50,141993,811],{"class":604},[50,141995,141996],{"class":608},"This is normal text.",[50,141998,811],{"class":604},[50,142000,105],{"class":64},[20,142002,353],{},[41,142004,142006],{"className":43,"code":142005,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"This looks like a command.\n",[15,142007,142008],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,142009,142010,142013],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,142011,142012],{"class":56},"This looks like a command",[50,142014,122303],{"class":64},[36,142016,914,142018,8784,142020,4472,142022],{"id":142017},"using-startswith-with-start-and-end",[15,142019,127639],{},[15,142021,36142],{},[15,142023,52730],{},[20,142025,1185,142026,4472,142028,142030],{},[15,142027,36142],{},[15,142029,52730],{}," arguments let you check part of a string without slicing it yourself.",[158,142032,142033,142038,142043],{},[161,142034,142035,142037],{},[15,142036,36142],{}," lets you begin checking from a later position",[161,142039,142040,142042],{},[15,142041,52730],{}," limits the part of the string being checked",[161,142044,142045],{},"This is useful when working with substrings",[20,142047,1602],{},[41,142049,142051],{"className":43,"code":142050,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"one two three\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"two\", 4))        # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 13))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 12))  # False\n",[15,142052,142053,142065,142069,142098,142131],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,142054,142055,142057,142059,142061,142063],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,142056,695],{"class":56},[50,142058,61],{"class":60},[50,142060,700],{"class":604},[50,142062,139550],{"class":608},[50,142064,705],{"class":604},[50,142066,142067],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,142068,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,142070,142071,142073,142075,142077,142079,142081,142083,142085,142087,142089,142091,142093,142095],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,142072,118],{"class":94},[50,142074,98],{"class":64},[50,142076,718],{"class":101},[50,142078,425],{"class":64},[50,142080,141347],{"class":101},[50,142082,98],{"class":64},[50,142084,811],{"class":604},[50,142086,79318],{"class":608},[50,142088,811],{"class":604},[50,142090,72],{"class":64},[50,142092,2554],{"class":68},[50,142094,5440],{"class":64},[50,142096,142097],{"class":129},"        # True\n",[50,142099,142100,142102,142104,142106,142108,142110,142112,142114,142116,142118,142120,142122,142124,142127,142129],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,142101,118],{"class":94},[50,142103,98],{"class":64},[50,142105,718],{"class":101},[50,142107,425],{"class":64},[50,142109,141347],{"class":101},[50,142111,98],{"class":64},[50,142113,811],{"class":604},[50,142115,134157],{"class":608},[50,142117,811],{"class":604},[50,142119,72],{"class":64},[50,142121,299],{"class":68},[50,142123,72],{"class":64},[50,142125,142126],{"class":68}," 13",[50,142128,5440],{"class":64},[50,142130,3747],{"class":129},[50,142132,142133,142135,142137,142139,142141,142143,142145,142147,142149,142151,142153,142155,142157,142159,142161],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,142134,118],{"class":94},[50,142136,98],{"class":64},[50,142138,718],{"class":101},[50,142140,425],{"class":64},[50,142142,141347],{"class":101},[50,142144,98],{"class":64},[50,142146,811],{"class":604},[50,142148,134157],{"class":608},[50,142150,811],{"class":604},[50,142152,72],{"class":64},[50,142154,299],{"class":68},[50,142156,72],{"class":64},[50,142158,31012],{"class":68},[50,142160,5440],{"class":64},[50,142162,4850],{"class":129},[20,142164,142165,142166,142168],{},"In the last example, the ",[15,142167,52730],{}," position stops too early, so the full prefix cannot match.",[36,142170,142172],{"id":142171},"using-multiple-prefixes","Using multiple prefixes",[20,142174,142175],{},"If more than one prefix is allowed, pass a tuple.",[20,142177,142178,142179,49417],{},"This is cleaner than writing several ",[15,142180,40906],{},[41,142182,142184],{"className":43,"code":142183,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"filename1 = \"img_101.jpg\"\nfilename2 = \"photo_202.jpg\"\nfilename3 = \"doc_303.jpg\"\n\nallowed = (\"img_\", \"photo_\")\n\nprint(filename1.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename2.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename3.startswith(allowed))  # False\n",[15,142185,142186,142200,142214,142228,142232,142256,142260,142281,142302],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,142187,142188,142191,142193,142195,142198],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,142189,142190],{"class":56},"filename1 ",[50,142192,61],{"class":60},[50,142194,700],{"class":604},[50,142196,142197],{"class":608},"img_101.jpg",[50,142199,705],{"class":604},[50,142201,142202,142205,142207,142209,142212],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,142203,142204],{"class":56},"filename2 ",[50,142206,61],{"class":60},[50,142208,700],{"class":604},[50,142210,142211],{"class":608},"photo_202.jpg",[50,142213,705],{"class":604},[50,142215,142216,142219,142221,142223,142226],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,142217,142218],{"class":56},"filename3 ",[50,142220,61],{"class":60},[50,142222,700],{"class":604},[50,142224,142225],{"class":608},"doc_303.jpg",[50,142227,705],{"class":604},[50,142229,142230],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,142231,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,142233,142234,142236,142238,142240,142242,142244,142246,142248,142250,142252,142254],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,142235,127566],{"class":56},[50,142237,61],{"class":60},[50,142239,521],{"class":64},[50,142241,811],{"class":604},[50,142243,141882],{"class":608},[50,142245,811],{"class":604},[50,142247,72],{"class":64},[50,142249,700],{"class":604},[50,142251,141891],{"class":608},[50,142253,811],{"class":604},[50,142255,105],{"class":64},[50,142257,142258],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,142259,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,142261,142262,142264,142266,142269,142271,142273,142275,142277,142279],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,142263,118],{"class":94},[50,142265,98],{"class":64},[50,142267,142268],{"class":101},"filename1",[50,142270,425],{"class":64},[50,142272,141347],{"class":101},[50,142274,98],{"class":64},[50,142276,127618],{"class":101},[50,142278,5440],{"class":64},[50,142280,3747],{"class":129},[50,142282,142283,142285,142287,142290,142292,142294,142296,142298,142300],{"class":52,"line":6503},[50,142284,118],{"class":94},[50,142286,98],{"class":64},[50,142288,142289],{"class":101},"filename2",[50,142291,425],{"class":64},[50,142293,141347],{"class":101},[50,142295,98],{"class":64},[50,142297,127618],{"class":101},[50,142299,5440],{"class":64},[50,142301,3747],{"class":129},[50,142303,142304,142306,142308,142311,142313,142315,142317,142319,142321],{"class":52,"line":6509},[50,142305,118],{"class":94},[50,142307,98],{"class":64},[50,142309,142310],{"class":101},"filename3",[50,142312,425],{"class":64},[50,142314,141347],{"class":101},[50,142316,98],{"class":64},[50,142318,127618],{"class":101},[50,142320,5440],{"class":64},[50,142322,4850],{"class":129},[20,142324,142325],{},"This is especially helpful when checking file naming rules.",[20,142327,74827,142328,142332],{},[421,142329,126271,142330,10816],{"href":129865},[15,142331,126329],{}," if you need to check the end of a string instead.",[36,142334,123918],{"id":123917},[20,142336,142337,123729],{},[15,142338,127639],{},[20,142340,127316,142341,4472,142344,127323],{},[15,142342,142343],{},"\"Python\"",[15,142345,142346],{},"\"python\"",[41,142348,142350],{"className":43,"code":142349,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"py\"))  # False\n",[15,142351,142352,142364,142368,142392],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,142353,142354,142356,142358,142360,142362],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,142355,695],{"class":56},[50,142357,61],{"class":60},[50,142359,700],{"class":604},[50,142361,7376],{"class":608},[50,142363,705],{"class":604},[50,142365,142366],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,142367,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,142369,142370,142372,142374,142376,142378,142380,142382,142384,142386,142388,142390],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,142371,118],{"class":94},[50,142373,98],{"class":64},[50,142375,718],{"class":101},[50,142377,425],{"class":64},[50,142379,141347],{"class":101},[50,142381,98],{"class":64},[50,142383,811],{"class":604},[50,142385,141458],{"class":608},[50,142387,811],{"class":604},[50,142389,5440],{"class":64},[50,142391,3747],{"class":129},[50,142393,142394,142396,142398,142400,142402,142404,142406,142408,142410,142412,142414],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,142395,118],{"class":94},[50,142397,98],{"class":64},[50,142399,718],{"class":101},[50,142401,425],{"class":64},[50,142403,141347],{"class":101},[50,142405,98],{"class":64},[50,142407,811],{"class":604},[50,142409,128717],{"class":608},[50,142411,811],{"class":604},[50,142413,5440],{"class":64},[50,142415,4850],{"class":129},[20,142417,127408,142418,425],{},[421,142419,142420],{"href":123998},[15,142421,124001],{},[41,142423,142425],{"className":43,"code":142424,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))  # True\n",[15,142426,142427,142439,142443],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,142428,142429,142431,142433,142435,142437],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,142430,695],{"class":56},[50,142432,61],{"class":60},[50,142434,700],{"class":604},[50,142436,7376],{"class":608},[50,142438,705],{"class":604},[50,142440,142441],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,142442,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,142444,142445,142447,142449,142451,142453,142455,142457,142459,142461,142463,142465,142467,142469],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,142446,118],{"class":94},[50,142448,98],{"class":64},[50,142450,718],{"class":101},[50,142452,425],{"class":64},[50,142454,1401],{"class":101},[50,142456,8717],{"class":64},[50,142458,141347],{"class":101},[50,142460,98],{"class":64},[50,142462,811],{"class":604},[50,142464,128717],{"class":608},[50,142466,811],{"class":604},[50,142468,5440],{"class":64},[50,142470,3747],{"class":129},[36,142472,5040,142474],{"id":142473},"when-to-use-startswith",[15,142475,127639],{},[20,142477,142478,142480],{},[15,142479,127639],{}," is useful in many real programs.",[20,142482,9451],{},[158,142484,142485,142488,142491,142500],{},[161,142486,142487],{},"Checking filename patterns at the start",[161,142489,142490],{},"Checking user input prefixes such as commands",[161,142492,142493,142494,2976,142497],{},"Validating text formats like ",[15,142495,142496],{},"http:\u002F\u002F",[15,142498,142499],{},"https:\u002F\u002F",[161,142501,142502],{},"Making code easier to read than manual slicing",[20,142504,1602],{},[41,142506,142508],{"className":43,"code":142507,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\"\n\nif url.startswith((\"http:\u002F\u002F\", \"https:\u002F\u002F\")):\n    print(\"This looks like a web URL.\")\n",[15,142509,142510,142523,142527,142556],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,142511,142512,142514,142516,142518,142521],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,142513,127134],{"class":56},[50,142515,61],{"class":60},[50,142517,700],{"class":604},[50,142519,142520],{"class":608},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com",[50,142522,705],{"class":604},[50,142524,142525],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,142526,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,142528,142529,142531,142534,142536,142538,142540,142542,142544,142546,142548,142550,142552,142554],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,142530,7076],{"class":3957},[50,142532,142533],{"class":56}," url",[50,142535,425],{"class":64},[50,142537,141347],{"class":101},[50,142539,1820],{"class":64},[50,142541,811],{"class":604},[50,142543,142496],{"class":608},[50,142545,811],{"class":604},[50,142547,72],{"class":64},[50,142549,700],{"class":604},[50,142551,142499],{"class":608},[50,142553,811],{"class":604},[50,142555,69624],{"class":64},[50,142557,142558,142560,142562,142564,142567,142569],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,142559,8148],{"class":94},[50,142561,98],{"class":64},[50,142563,811],{"class":604},[50,142565,142566],{"class":608},"This looks like a web URL.",[50,142568,811],{"class":604},[50,142570,105],{"class":64},[36,142572,1743],{"id":1742},[20,142574,23164,142575,425],{},[15,142576,127639],{},[222,142578,138711],{"id":142579},"using-the-wrong-letter-case",[20,142581,142582,123729],{},[15,142583,127639],{},[41,142585,142587],{"className":43,"code":142586,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"python\"))  # False\n",[15,142588,142589,142601],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,142590,142591,142593,142595,142597,142599],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,142592,695],{"class":56},[50,142594,61],{"class":60},[50,142596,700],{"class":604},[50,142598,7376],{"class":608},[50,142600,705],{"class":604},[50,142602,142603,142605,142607,142609,142611,142613,142615,142617,142619,142621,142623],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,142604,118],{"class":94},[50,142606,98],{"class":64},[50,142608,718],{"class":101},[50,142610,425],{"class":64},[50,142612,141347],{"class":101},[50,142614,98],{"class":64},[50,142616,811],{"class":604},[50,142618,45],{"class":608},[50,142620,811],{"class":604},[50,142622,5440],{"class":64},[50,142624,4850],{"class":129},[20,142626,39330],{},[41,142628,142630],{"className":43,"code":142629,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(text.lower().startswith(\"python\"))  # True\n",[15,142631,142632],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,142633,142634,142636,142638,142640,142642,142644,142646,142648,142650,142652,142654,142656,142658],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,142635,118],{"class":94},[50,142637,98],{"class":64},[50,142639,718],{"class":101},[50,142641,425],{"class":64},[50,142643,1401],{"class":101},[50,142645,8717],{"class":64},[50,142647,141347],{"class":101},[50,142649,98],{"class":64},[50,142651,811],{"class":604},[50,142653,45],{"class":608},[50,142655,811],{"class":604},[50,142657,5440],{"class":64},[50,142659,3747],{"class":129},[222,142661,1767,142663,137193],{"id":142662},"calling-startswith-on-a-non-string-value",[15,142664,127639],{},[20,142666,142667],{},"This method works on strings, not numbers or lists.",[41,142669,142671],{"className":43,"code":142670,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = 123\n\n# This will cause an error:\n# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[15,142672,142673,142681,142685,142690],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,142674,142675,142677,142679],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,142676,2544],{"class":56},[50,142678,61],{"class":60},[50,142680,124953],{"class":68},[50,142682,142683],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,142684,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,142686,142687],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,142688,142689],{"class":129},"# This will cause an error:\n",[50,142691,142692],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,142693,142694],{"class":129},"# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[20,142696,39330],{},[41,142698,142700],{"className":43,"code":142699,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = str(123)\nprint(value.startswith(\"1\"))  # True\n",[15,142701,142702,142716],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,142703,142704,142706,142708,142710,142712,142714],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,142705,2544],{"class":56},[50,142707,61],{"class":60},[50,142709,48974],{"class":557},[50,142711,98],{"class":64},[50,142713,50315],{"class":68},[50,142715,105],{"class":64},[50,142717,142718,142720,142722,142724,142726,142728,142730,142732,142734,142736,142738],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,142719,118],{"class":94},[50,142721,98],{"class":64},[50,142723,2570],{"class":101},[50,142725,425],{"class":64},[50,142727,141347],{"class":101},[50,142729,98],{"class":64},[50,142731,811],{"class":604},[50,142733,366],{"class":608},[50,142735,811],{"class":604},[50,142737,5440],{"class":64},[50,142739,3747],{"class":129},[222,142741,37273,142743,8784,142745],{"id":142742},"confusing-startswith-with-in",[15,142744,127639],{},[15,142746,3964],{},[20,142748,142749,142751],{},[15,142750,127639],{}," checks only the beginning.",[20,142753,142754,142755,142757,142758,425],{},"If you want to know whether text appears anywhere, use ",[15,142756,3964],{}," or methods like ",[421,142759,142760],{"href":124281},[15,142761,124266],{},[41,142763,142765],{"className":43,"code":142764,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))  # False\nprint(\"world\" in text)           # True\n",[15,142766,142767,142779,142783,142807],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,142768,142769,142771,142773,142775,142777],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,142770,695],{"class":56},[50,142772,61],{"class":60},[50,142774,700],{"class":604},[50,142776,60473],{"class":608},[50,142778,705],{"class":604},[50,142780,142781],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,142782,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,142784,142785,142787,142789,142791,142793,142795,142797,142799,142801,142803,142805],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,142786,118],{"class":94},[50,142788,98],{"class":64},[50,142790,718],{"class":101},[50,142792,425],{"class":64},[50,142794,141347],{"class":101},[50,142796,98],{"class":64},[50,142798,811],{"class":604},[50,142800,60656],{"class":608},[50,142802,811],{"class":604},[50,142804,5440],{"class":64},[50,142806,4850],{"class":129},[50,142808,142809,142811,142813,142815,142817,142819,142821,142823,142825],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,142810,118],{"class":94},[50,142812,98],{"class":64},[50,142814,811],{"class":604},[50,142816,60656],{"class":608},[50,142818,811],{"class":604},[50,142820,21243],{"class":3957},[50,142822,42910],{"class":101},[50,142824,126],{"class":64},[50,142826,142827],{"class":129},"           # True\n",[20,142829,135745,142830,425],{},[421,142831,127307],{"href":123526},[222,142833,1756,142835,4472,142837,142839],{"id":142834},"forgetting-that-start-and-end-use-index-positions",[15,142836,36142],{},[15,142838,52730],{}," use index positions",[20,142841,142842,142843,425],{},"Python counts string positions starting at ",[15,142844,2220],{},[41,142846,142848],{"className":43,"code":142847,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"abcdef\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"cd\", 2))  # True\n",[15,142849,142850,142863,142867],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,142851,142852,142854,142856,142858,142861],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,142853,695],{"class":56},[50,142855,61],{"class":60},[50,142857,700],{"class":604},[50,142859,142860],{"class":608},"abcdef",[50,142862,705],{"class":604},[50,142864,142865],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,142866,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,142868,142869,142871,142873,142875,142877,142879,142881,142883,142886,142888,142890,142892,142894],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,142870,118],{"class":94},[50,142872,98],{"class":64},[50,142874,718],{"class":101},[50,142876,425],{"class":64},[50,142878,141347],{"class":101},[50,142880,98],{"class":64},[50,142882,811],{"class":604},[50,142884,142885],{"class":608},"cd",[50,142887,811],{"class":604},[50,142889,72],{"class":64},[50,142891,80],{"class":68},[50,142893,5440],{"class":64},[50,142895,3747],{"class":129},[222,142897,142899],{"id":142898},"passing-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Passing a list instead of a tuple",[20,142901,142902],{},"Multiple prefixes must be given as a tuple, not a list.",[20,142904,16715],{},[41,142906,142908],{"className":43,"code":142907,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"# text.startswith([\"Py\", \"Ja\"])\n",[15,142909,142910],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,142911,142912],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,142913,142907],{"class":129},[20,142915,16727],{},[41,142917,142919],{"className":43,"code":142918,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))  # True\n",[15,142920,142921,142933],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,142922,142923,142925,142927,142929,142931],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,142924,695],{"class":56},[50,142926,61],{"class":60},[50,142928,700],{"class":604},[50,142930,7376],{"class":608},[50,142932,705],{"class":604},[50,142934,142935,142937,142939,142941,142943,142945,142947,142949,142951,142953,142955,142957,142960,142962,142964],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,142936,118],{"class":94},[50,142938,98],{"class":64},[50,142940,718],{"class":101},[50,142942,425],{"class":64},[50,142944,141347],{"class":101},[50,142946,1820],{"class":64},[50,142948,811],{"class":604},[50,142950,141458],{"class":608},[50,142952,811],{"class":604},[50,142954,72],{"class":64},[50,142956,700],{"class":604},[50,142958,142959],{"class":608},"Ja",[50,142961,811],{"class":604},[50,142963,51160],{"class":64},[50,142965,3747],{"class":129},[20,142967,32152],{},[41,142969,142971],{"className":43,"code":142970,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))\n",[15,142972,142973,142983,142997,143019,143045],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,142974,142975,142977,142979,142981],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,142976,118],{"class":94},[50,142978,98],{"class":64},[50,142980,718],{"class":101},[50,142982,105],{"class":64},[50,142984,142985,142987,142989,142991,142993,142995],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,142986,118],{"class":94},[50,142988,98],{"class":64},[50,142990,558],{"class":557},[50,142992,98],{"class":64},[50,142994,718],{"class":101},[50,142996,478],{"class":64},[50,142998,142999,143001,143003,143005,143007,143009,143011,143013,143015,143017],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,143000,118],{"class":94},[50,143002,98],{"class":64},[50,143004,718],{"class":101},[50,143006,425],{"class":64},[50,143008,141347],{"class":101},[50,143010,98],{"class":64},[50,143012,811],{"class":604},[50,143014,141458],{"class":608},[50,143016,811],{"class":604},[50,143018,478],{"class":64},[50,143020,143021,143023,143025,143027,143029,143031,143033,143035,143037,143039,143041,143043],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,143022,118],{"class":94},[50,143024,98],{"class":64},[50,143026,718],{"class":101},[50,143028,425],{"class":64},[50,143030,1401],{"class":101},[50,143032,8717],{"class":64},[50,143034,141347],{"class":101},[50,143036,98],{"class":64},[50,143038,811],{"class":604},[50,143040,128717],{"class":608},[50,143042,811],{"class":604},[50,143044,478],{"class":64},[50,143046,143047,143049,143051,143053,143055,143057,143059,143061,143063,143065,143067,143069,143071,143073],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,143048,118],{"class":94},[50,143050,98],{"class":64},[50,143052,718],{"class":101},[50,143054,425],{"class":64},[50,143056,141347],{"class":101},[50,143058,1820],{"class":64},[50,143060,811],{"class":604},[50,143062,141458],{"class":608},[50,143064,811],{"class":604},[50,143066,72],{"class":64},[50,143068,700],{"class":604},[50,143070,142959],{"class":608},[50,143072,811],{"class":604},[50,143074,569],{"class":64},[36,143076,1913],{"id":1912},[222,143078,1917,143080,128117],{"id":143079},"does-startswith-change-the-string",[15,143081,127639],{},[20,143083,143084,143085,2976,143087,425],{},"No. It only checks the string and returns ",[15,143086,247],{},[15,143088,218],{},[222,143090,5248,143092,143094],{"id":143091},"can-startswith-check-more-than-one-prefix",[15,143093,127639],{}," check more than one prefix?",[20,143096,143097],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of strings, such as:",[41,143099,143101],{"className":43,"code":143100,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text.startswith((\"a\", \"b\"))\n",[15,143102,143103],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,143104,143105,143107,143109,143111,143113,143115,143117,143119,143121,143123,143125,143127],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,143106,718],{"class":56},[50,143108,425],{"class":64},[50,143110,141347],{"class":101},[50,143112,1820],{"class":64},[50,143114,811],{"class":604},[50,143116,421],{"class":608},[50,143118,811],{"class":604},[50,143120,72],{"class":64},[50,143122,700],{"class":604},[50,143124,4839],{"class":608},[50,143126,811],{"class":604},[50,143128,478],{"class":64},[222,143130,14975,143132,124607],{"id":143131},"is-startswith-case-sensitive",[15,143133,127639],{},[20,143135,129800],{},[222,143137,5258,143139,4472,143141,1943],{"id":143138},"what-is-the-difference-between-startswith-and-in",[15,143140,127639],{},[15,143142,3964],{},[20,143144,143145,143147,143148,143150],{},[15,143146,127639],{}," checks only the beginning. ",[15,143149,3964],{}," checks whether text appears anywhere in the string.",[222,143152,28398,143154,4472,143156,8784,143158,1943],{"id":143153},"can-i-use-start-and-end-with-startswith",[15,143155,36142],{},[15,143157,52730],{},[15,143159,127639],{},[20,143161,143162],{},"Yes. They let you limit which part of the string is checked.",[36,143164,1975],{"id":1974},[158,143166,143167,143173,143179,143185,143189],{},[161,143168,143169],{},[421,143170,126271,143171,10816],{"href":129865},[15,143172,126329],{},[161,143174,143175],{},[421,143176,126271,143177,10816],{"href":124281},[15,143178,124266],{},[161,143180,143181],{},[421,143182,126271,143183,10816],{"href":123998},[15,143184,124001],{},[161,143186,143187],{},[421,143188,124670],{"href":123526},[161,143190,143191],{},[421,143192,125026],{"href":51045},[2018,143194,143195],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":143197},[143198,143200,143201,143207,143208,143210,143211,143212,143214,143224,143236],{"id":141393,"depth":86,"text":143199},"What startswith() does",{"id":180,"depth":86,"text":181},{"id":141672,"depth":86,"text":141673,"children":143202},[143203,143204,143205,143206],{"id":141510,"depth":108,"text":141510},{"id":36142,"depth":108,"text":36142},{"id":52730,"depth":108,"text":52730},{"id":141839,"depth":108,"text":141840},{"id":17487,"depth":86,"text":17488},{"id":142017,"depth":86,"text":143209},"Using startswith() with start and end",{"id":142171,"depth":86,"text":142172},{"id":123917,"depth":86,"text":123918},{"id":142473,"depth":86,"text":143213},"When to use startswith()",{"id":1742,"depth":86,"text":1743,"children":143215},[143216,143217,143219,143221,143223],{"id":142579,"depth":108,"text":138711},{"id":142662,"depth":108,"text":143218},"Calling startswith() on a non-string value",{"id":142742,"depth":108,"text":143220},"Confusing startswith() with in",{"id":142834,"depth":108,"text":143222},"Forgetting that start and end use index positions",{"id":142898,"depth":108,"text":142899},{"id":1912,"depth":86,"text":1913,"children":143225},[143226,143228,143230,143232,143234],{"id":143079,"depth":108,"text":143227},"Does startswith() change the string?",{"id":143091,"depth":108,"text":143229},"Can startswith() check more than one prefix?",{"id":143131,"depth":108,"text":143231},"Is startswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":143138,"depth":108,"text":143233},"What is the difference between startswith() and in?",{"id":143153,"depth":108,"text":143235},"Can I use start and end with startswith()?",{"id":1974,"depth":86,"text":1975},"Master python string startswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method",{"title":141293,"description":143237},"reference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method","H88rt3Nz2-D86PhmC2_wUy4Ef0nzvARozFcg9L4vdZs",{"id":143244,"title":143245,"body":143246,"description":144700,"extension":2064,"meta":144701,"navigation":111,"path":144702,"seo":144703,"stem":144704,"__hash__":144705},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method.md","Python String strip() Method",{"type":7,"value":143247,"toc":144670},[143248,143253,143258,143261,143263,143307,143309,143317,143322,143327,143332,143334,143352,143354,143400,143402,143416,143425,143429,143431,143433,143445,143450,143453,143485,143487,143496,143501,143504,143545,143547,143555,143557,143570,143576,143580,143583,143599,143601,143650,143652,143661,143664,143723,143725,143734,143741,143744,143797,143799,143823,143830,143836,143840,143846,143849,143860,143862,143902,143904,143912,143914,143954,143956,143965,143967,143985,143988,143995,144006,144009,144026,144028,144105,144107,144138,144141,144143,144146,144172,144174,144214,144216,144225,144235,144243,144251,144256,144261,144263,144277,144279,144330,144332,144341,144351,144353,144355,144377,144380,144459,144461,144497,144500,144575,144580,144582,144588,144593,144598,144601,144607,144610,144617,144625,144629,144637,144639,144667],[10,143249,123271,143251,11397],{"id":143250},"python-string-strip-method",[15,143252,41723],{},[20,143254,32387,143255,143257],{},[15,143256,41723],{}," method removes characters from the beginning and end of a string.",[20,143259,143260],{},"Beginners usually use it to remove extra whitespace, such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters. This is especially useful when cleaning user input or processing text from a file.",[36,143262,39],{"id":38},[41,143264,143266],{"className":43,"code":143265,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"  hello  \"\nclean_text = text.strip()\nprint(clean_text)\n",[15,143267,143268,143281,143296],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,143269,143270,143272,143274,143276,143279],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,143271,695],{"class":56},[50,143273,61],{"class":60},[50,143275,700],{"class":604},[50,143277,143278],{"class":608},"  hello  ",[50,143280,705],{"class":604},[50,143282,143283,143286,143288,143290,143292,143294],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,143284,143285],{"class":56},"clean_text ",[50,143287,61],{"class":60},[50,143289,42910],{"class":56},[50,143291,425],{"class":64},[50,143293,8714],{"class":101},[50,143295,8722],{"class":64},[50,143297,143298,143300,143302,143305],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,143299,118],{"class":94},[50,143301,98],{"class":64},[50,143303,143304],{"class":101},"clean_text",[50,143306,105],{"class":64},[20,143308,353],{},[41,143310,143311],{"className":43,"code":138586,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,143312,143313],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,143314,143315],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,143316,138586],{"class":56},[20,143318,920,143319,143321],{},[15,143320,41723],{}," to remove whitespace from both ends of a string. It does not change the original string.",[36,143323,153,143325,156],{"id":143324},"what-strip-does",[15,143326,41723],{},[20,143328,143329,143331],{},[15,143330,41723],{}," is a string method that returns a new string.",[20,143333,13125],{},[158,143335,143336,143340,143343,143346,143349],{},[161,143337,143338,131621],{},[15,143339,41723],{},[161,143341,143342],{},"It removes characters from the beginning and end only",[161,143344,143345],{},"By default, it removes whitespace",[161,143347,143348],{},"It does not remove characters from the middle of the string",[161,143350,143351],{},"Strings are immutable, so the original string stays the same",[20,143353,1602],{},[41,143355,143357],{"className":43,"code":143356,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(text)\n",[15,143358,143359,143372,143376,143390],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,143360,143361,143363,143365,143367,143370],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,143362,695],{"class":56},[50,143364,61],{"class":60},[50,143366,700],{"class":604},[50,143368,143369],{"class":608},"  hello world  ",[50,143371,705],{"class":604},[50,143373,143374],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,143375,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,143377,143378,143380,143382,143384,143386,143388],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,143379,118],{"class":94},[50,143381,98],{"class":64},[50,143383,718],{"class":101},[50,143385,425],{"class":64},[50,143387,8714],{"class":101},[50,143389,7273],{"class":64},[50,143391,143392,143394,143396,143398],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,143393,118],{"class":94},[50,143395,98],{"class":64},[50,143397,718],{"class":101},[50,143399,105],{"class":64},[20,143401,353],{},[41,143403,143405],{"className":43,"code":143404,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"hello world\n  hello world  \n",[15,143406,143407,143411],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,143408,143409],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,143410,134287],{"class":56},[50,143412,143413],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,143414,143415],{"class":56},"  hello world\n",[20,143417,143418,143419,143421,143422,143424],{},"The cleaned version is returned by ",[15,143420,41723],{},", but the original ",[15,143423,718],{}," value is unchanged.",[20,143426,125023,143427,425],{},[421,143428,125026],{"href":51045},[36,143430,181],{"id":180},[20,143432,26556],{},[158,143434,143435,143440],{},[161,143436,143437],{},[15,143438,143439],{},"string.strip()",[161,143441,143442],{},[15,143443,143444],{},"string.strip(chars)",[222,143446,143448],{"id":143447},"stringstrip",[15,143449,143439],{},[20,143451,143452],{},"This removes whitespace from both ends:",[41,143454,143456],{"className":43,"code":143455,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"name = \"  Alice  \"\nprint(name.strip())\n",[15,143457,143458,143471],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,143459,143460,143462,143464,143466,143469],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,143461,7955],{"class":56},[50,143463,61],{"class":60},[50,143465,700],{"class":604},[50,143467,143468],{"class":608},"  Alice  ",[50,143470,705],{"class":604},[50,143472,143473,143475,143477,143479,143481,143483],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,143474,118],{"class":94},[50,143476,98],{"class":64},[50,143478,814],{"class":101},[50,143480,425],{"class":64},[50,143482,8714],{"class":101},[50,143484,7273],{"class":64},[20,143486,353],{},[41,143488,143490],{"className":43,"code":143489,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Alice\n",[15,143491,143492],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,143493,143494],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,143495,143489],{"class":56},[222,143497,143499],{"id":143498},"stringstripchars",[15,143500,143444],{},[20,143502,143503],{},"This removes any matching characters from both ends:",[41,143505,143507],{"className":43,"code":143506,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"!!hello??\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,143508,143509,143522],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,143510,143511,143513,143515,143517,143520],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,143512,695],{"class":56},[50,143514,61],{"class":60},[50,143516,700],{"class":604},[50,143518,143519],{"class":608},"!!hello??",[50,143521,705],{"class":604},[50,143523,143524,143526,143528,143530,143532,143534,143536,143538,143541,143543],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,143525,118],{"class":94},[50,143527,98],{"class":64},[50,143529,718],{"class":101},[50,143531,425],{"class":64},[50,143533,8714],{"class":101},[50,143535,98],{"class":64},[50,143537,811],{"class":604},[50,143539,143540],{"class":608},"!?",[50,143542,811],{"class":604},[50,143544,478],{"class":64},[20,143546,353],{},[41,143548,143549],{"className":43,"code":138586,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,143550,143551],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,143552,143553],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,143554,138586],{"class":56},[20,143556,83864],{},[158,143558,143559,143564],{},[161,143560,143561,143563],{},[15,143562,134530],{}," means a set of characters to remove from both ends",[161,143565,143566,143567,143569],{},"The order of characters in ",[15,143568,134530],{}," does not matter",[36,143571,143573,143574],{"id":143572},"remove-whitespace-with-strip","Remove whitespace with ",[15,143575,41723],{},[20,143577,30954,143578,425],{},[15,143579,41723],{},[20,143581,143582],{},"It is useful for:",[158,143584,143585,143590,143593,143596],{},[161,143586,143587,143588,3967],{},"Cleaning ",[15,143589,3055],{},[161,143591,143592],{},"Cleaning lines read from a file",[161,143594,143595],{},"Removing spaces before checking or comparing text",[161,143597,143598],{},"Removing tabs and newline characters at both ends",[20,143600,48432],{},[41,143602,143604],{"className":43,"code":143603,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"username = \"  sam  \"\nclean_username = username.strip()\n\nprint(clean_username)\n",[15,143605,143606,143619,143635,143639],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,143607,143608,143610,143612,143614,143617],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,143609,8040],{"class":56},[50,143611,61],{"class":60},[50,143613,700],{"class":604},[50,143615,143616],{"class":608},"  sam  ",[50,143618,705],{"class":604},[50,143620,143621,143624,143626,143629,143631,143633],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,143622,143623],{"class":56},"clean_username ",[50,143625,61],{"class":60},[50,143627,143628],{"class":56}," username",[50,143630,425],{"class":64},[50,143632,8714],{"class":101},[50,143634,8722],{"class":64},[50,143636,143637],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,143638,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,143640,143641,143643,143645,143648],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,143642,118],{"class":94},[50,143644,98],{"class":64},[50,143646,143647],{"class":101},"clean_username",[50,143649,105],{"class":64},[20,143651,353],{},[41,143653,143655],{"className":43,"code":143654,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"sam\n",[15,143656,143657],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,143658,143659],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,143660,143654],{"class":56},[20,143662,143663],{},"This matters when comparing strings:",[41,143665,143667],{"className":43,"code":143666,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"answer = \" yes  \"\n\nif answer.strip() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,143668,143669,143682,143686,143708],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,143670,143671,143673,143675,143677,143680],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,143672,136514],{"class":56},[50,143674,61],{"class":60},[50,143676,700],{"class":604},[50,143678,143679],{"class":608}," yes  ",[50,143681,705],{"class":604},[50,143683,143684],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,143685,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,143687,143688,143690,143692,143694,143696,143698,143700,143702,143704,143706],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,143689,7076],{"class":3957},[50,143691,136534],{"class":56},[50,143693,425],{"class":64},[50,143695,8714],{"class":101},[50,143697,7445],{"class":64},[50,143699,6485],{"class":60},[50,143701,700],{"class":604},[50,143703,8737],{"class":608},[50,143705,811],{"class":604},[50,143707,6470],{"class":64},[50,143709,143710,143712,143714,143716,143719,143721],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,143711,8148],{"class":94},[50,143713,98],{"class":64},[50,143715,811],{"class":604},[50,143717,143718],{"class":608},"Matched",[50,143720,811],{"class":604},[50,143722,105],{"class":64},[20,143724,353],{},[41,143726,143728],{"className":43,"code":143727,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Matched\n",[15,143729,143730],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,143731,143732],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,143733,143727],{"class":56},[20,143735,143736,143737,425],{},"If you want a broader guide, see ",[421,143738,143740],{"href":143739},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-whitespace-from-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[20,143742,143743],{},"Example with file-style text:",[41,143745,143747],{"className":43,"code":143746,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"line = \"Python basics\\n\"\nprint(repr(line))\nprint(repr(line.strip()))\n",[15,143748,143749,143765,143779],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,143750,143751,143754,143756,143758,143761,143763],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,143752,143753],{"class":56},"line ",[50,143755,61],{"class":60},[50,143757,700],{"class":604},[50,143759,143760],{"class":608},"Python basics",[50,143762,87195],{"class":34524},[50,143764,705],{"class":604},[50,143766,143767,143769,143771,143773,143775,143777],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,143768,118],{"class":94},[50,143770,98],{"class":64},[50,143772,41849],{"class":94},[50,143774,98],{"class":64},[50,143776,52],{"class":101},[50,143778,478],{"class":64},[50,143780,143781,143783,143785,143787,143789,143791,143793,143795],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,143782,118],{"class":94},[50,143784,98],{"class":64},[50,143786,41849],{"class":94},[50,143788,98],{"class":64},[50,143790,52],{"class":101},[50,143792,425],{"class":64},[50,143794,8714],{"class":101},[50,143796,6367],{"class":64},[20,143798,353],{},[41,143800,143802],{"className":43,"code":143801,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"'Python basics\\n'\n'Python basics'\n",[15,143803,143804,143815],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,143805,143806,143808,143810,143813],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,143807,611],{"class":43397},[50,143809,143760],{"class":43401},[50,143811,87195],{"class":143812},"sfi6f",[50,143814,29768],{"class":43397},[50,143816,143817,143819,143821],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,143818,611],{"class":43397},[50,143820,143760],{"class":43401},[50,143822,29768],{"class":43397},[20,143824,914,143825,143827,143828,425],{},[15,143826,122485],{}," helps you see hidden characters like ",[15,143829,87195],{},[20,143831,143832,143833,425],{},"If you are working with files, see ",[421,143834,143835],{"href":87848},"how to read a file line by line in Python",[36,143837,143839],{"id":143838},"remove-specific-characters","Remove specific characters",[20,143841,143842,143843,425],{},"You can pass characters as an argument, such as ",[15,143844,143845],{},"strip(\"!?\")",[20,143847,143848],{},"Python will:",[158,143850,143851,143854,143857],{},[161,143852,143853],{},"Remove any matching character from both ends",[161,143855,143856],{},"Keep removing until it finds a character that is not in the set",[161,143858,143859],{},"Leave the middle of the string unchanged",[20,143861,1602],{},[41,143863,143865],{"className":43,"code":143864,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"??hello!!\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,143866,143867,143880],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,143868,143869,143871,143873,143875,143878],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,143870,695],{"class":56},[50,143872,61],{"class":60},[50,143874,700],{"class":604},[50,143876,143877],{"class":608},"??hello!!",[50,143879,705],{"class":604},[50,143881,143882,143884,143886,143888,143890,143892,143894,143896,143898,143900],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,143883,118],{"class":94},[50,143885,98],{"class":64},[50,143887,718],{"class":101},[50,143889,425],{"class":64},[50,143891,8714],{"class":101},[50,143893,98],{"class":64},[50,143895,811],{"class":604},[50,143897,143540],{"class":608},[50,143899,811],{"class":604},[50,143901,478],{"class":64},[20,143903,353],{},[41,143905,143906],{"className":43,"code":138586,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,143907,143908],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,143909,143910],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,143911,138586],{"class":56},[20,143913,52149],{},[41,143915,143917],{"className":43,"code":143916,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"abcHelloCba\"\nprint(text.strip(\"abc\"))\n",[15,143918,143919,143932],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,143920,143921,143923,143925,143927,143930],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,143922,695],{"class":56},[50,143924,61],{"class":60},[50,143926,700],{"class":604},[50,143928,143929],{"class":608},"abcHelloCba",[50,143931,705],{"class":604},[50,143933,143934,143936,143938,143940,143942,143944,143946,143948,143950,143952],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,143935,118],{"class":94},[50,143937,98],{"class":64},[50,143939,718],{"class":101},[50,143941,425],{"class":64},[50,143943,8714],{"class":101},[50,143945,98],{"class":64},[50,143947,811],{"class":604},[50,143949,41630],{"class":608},[50,143951,811],{"class":604},[50,143953,478],{"class":64},[20,143955,353],{},[41,143957,143959],{"className":43,"code":143958,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"HelloC\n",[15,143960,143961],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,143962,143963],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,143964,143958],{"class":56},[20,143966,6313],{},[20,143968,143969,14126,143972,143974,143975,143977,143978,31,143980,2292,143982,143984],{},[15,143970,143971],{},"strip(\"abc\")",[3824,143973,4709],{}," mean “remove the exact text ",[15,143976,41630],{}," once”. It means “remove any ",[15,143979,421],{},[15,143981,4839],{},[15,143983,9817],{}," characters from both ends”.",[20,143986,143987],{},"It also does not remove characters from the middle.",[20,143989,143990,143991,6709],{},"If you need to replace text anywhere in a string, use ",[421,143992,143993],{"href":129852},[15,143994,124442],{},[36,143996,143998,1467,144000,1467,144003],{"id":143997},"strip-vs-lstrip-vs-rstrip",[15,143999,41723],{},[15,144001,144002],{},"lstrip()",[15,144004,144005],{},"rstrip()",[20,144007,144008],{},"These methods are similar, but they remove characters from different sides.",[158,144010,144011,144016,144021],{},[161,144012,144013,144015],{},[15,144014,41723],{}," removes from both ends",[161,144017,144018,144020],{},[15,144019,144002],{}," removes from the left side only",[161,144022,144023,144025],{},[15,144024,144005],{}," removes from the right side only",[20,144027,1602],{},[41,144029,144031],{"className":43,"code":144030,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"  hello  \"\n\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nprint(repr(text.lstrip()))\nprint(repr(text.rstrip()))\n",[15,144032,144033,144045,144049,144067,144086],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,144034,144035,144037,144039,144041,144043],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,144036,695],{"class":56},[50,144038,61],{"class":60},[50,144040,700],{"class":604},[50,144042,143278],{"class":608},[50,144044,705],{"class":604},[50,144046,144047],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,144048,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,144050,144051,144053,144055,144057,144059,144061,144063,144065],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,144052,118],{"class":94},[50,144054,98],{"class":64},[50,144056,41849],{"class":94},[50,144058,98],{"class":64},[50,144060,718],{"class":101},[50,144062,425],{"class":64},[50,144064,8714],{"class":101},[50,144066,6367],{"class":64},[50,144068,144069,144071,144073,144075,144077,144079,144081,144084],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,144070,118],{"class":94},[50,144072,98],{"class":64},[50,144074,41849],{"class":94},[50,144076,98],{"class":64},[50,144078,718],{"class":101},[50,144080,425],{"class":64},[50,144082,144083],{"class":101},"lstrip",[50,144085,6367],{"class":64},[50,144087,144088,144090,144092,144094,144096,144098,144100,144103],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,144089,118],{"class":94},[50,144091,98],{"class":64},[50,144093,41849],{"class":94},[50,144095,98],{"class":64},[50,144097,718],{"class":101},[50,144099,425],{"class":64},[50,144101,144102],{"class":101},"rstrip",[50,144104,6367],{"class":64},[20,144106,353],{},[41,144108,144110],{"className":43,"code":144109,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"'hello'\n'hello  '\n'  hello'\n",[15,144111,144112,144120,144129],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,144113,144114,144116,144118],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,144115,611],{"class":43397},[50,144117,3926],{"class":43401},[50,144119,29768],{"class":43397},[50,144121,144122,144124,144127],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,144123,611],{"class":43397},[50,144125,144126],{"class":43401},"hello  ",[50,144128,29768],{"class":43397},[50,144130,144131,144133,144136],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,144132,611],{"class":43397},[50,144134,144135],{"class":43401},"  hello",[50,144137,29768],{"class":43397},[20,144139,144140],{},"Choose the method based on which side needs cleaning.",[36,144142,108403],{"id":108402},[20,144144,144145],{},"These points are worth remembering:",[158,144147,144148,144156,144166,144169],{},[161,144149,144150,144152,144153,144155],{},[15,144151,143971],{}," does not remove the exact text ",[15,144154,41599],{}," once",[161,144157,144158,144159,31,144161,2292,144163,144165],{},"It removes any of the characters ",[15,144160,421],{},[15,144162,4839],{},[15,144164,9817],{}," from both ends",[161,144167,144168],{},"Middle characters are untouched",[161,144170,144171],{},"Save the result to a variable if you want to use the cleaned string",[20,144173,1602],{},[41,144175,144177],{"className":43,"code":144176,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"filename = \"txt_report.txt\"\nprint(filename.strip(\".txt\"))\n",[15,144178,144179,144192],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,144180,144181,144183,144185,144187,144190],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,144182,126354],{"class":56},[50,144184,61],{"class":60},[50,144186,700],{"class":604},[50,144188,144189],{"class":608},"txt_report.txt",[50,144191,705],{"class":604},[50,144193,144194,144196,144198,144200,144202,144204,144206,144208,144210,144212],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,144195,118],{"class":94},[50,144197,98],{"class":64},[50,144199,126372],{"class":101},[50,144201,425],{"class":64},[50,144203,8714],{"class":101},[50,144205,98],{"class":64},[50,144207,811],{"class":604},[50,144209,126407],{"class":608},[50,144211,811],{"class":604},[50,144213,478],{"class":64},[20,144215,353],{},[41,144217,144219],{"className":43,"code":144218,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"_report\n",[15,144220,144221],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,144222,144223],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,144224,144218],{"class":56},[20,144226,144227,144228,31,144230,2292,144232,144234],{},"This happens because Python removes any ",[15,144229,425],{},[15,144231,771],{},[15,144233,2273],{}," characters from both ends.",[20,144236,53722,144237,4862,144240,144242],{},[15,144238,144239],{},"strip(\".txt\")",[3824,144241,4709],{}," a safe way to remove a file extension.",[20,144244,144245,144246,144250],{},"If you need to change exact text in a string, ",[421,144247,144248],{"href":129852},[15,144249,124442],{}," is often a better fit for simple cases.",[36,144252,5040,144254],{"id":144253},"when-to-use-strip",[15,144255,41723],{},[20,144257,920,144258,144260],{},[15,144259,41723],{}," when you need to clean text at the edges of a string.",[20,144262,36494],{},[158,144264,144265,144269,144271,144274],{},[161,144266,143587,144267,3967],{},[15,144268,3055],{},[161,144270,143592],{},[161,144272,144273],{},"Removing accidental spaces before validation",[161,144275,144276],{},"Preparing text before comparisons",[20,144278,1602],{},[41,144280,144282],{"className":43,"code":144281,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"email = \"  user@example.com  \"\n\nif email.strip():\n    print(\"Email was entered\")\n",[15,144283,144284,144298,144302,144315],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,144285,144286,144289,144291,144293,144296],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,144287,144288],{"class":56},"email ",[50,144290,61],{"class":60},[50,144292,700],{"class":604},[50,144294,144295],{"class":608},"  user@example.com  ",[50,144297,705],{"class":604},[50,144299,144300],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,144301,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,144303,144304,144306,144309,144311,144313],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,144305,7076],{"class":3957},[50,144307,144308],{"class":56}," email",[50,144310,425],{"class":64},[50,144312,8714],{"class":101},[50,144314,21664],{"class":64},[50,144316,144317,144319,144321,144323,144326,144328],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,144318,8148],{"class":94},[50,144320,98],{"class":64},[50,144322,811],{"class":604},[50,144324,144325],{"class":608},"Email was entered",[50,144327,811],{"class":604},[50,144329,105],{"class":64},[20,144331,353],{},[41,144333,144335],{"className":43,"code":144334,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Email was entered\n",[15,144336,144337],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,144338,144339],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,144340,144334],{"class":56},[20,144342,144343,144344,144346,144347,425],{},"You may also combine ",[15,144345,41723],{}," with other string methods. For example, after removing extra spaces, you might convert text to lowercase with ",[421,144348,144349],{"href":123998},[15,144350,124001],{},[36,144352,1743],{"id":1742},[20,144354,84283],{},[158,144356,144357,144361,144366,144371],{},[161,144358,8532,144359,131491],{},[15,144360,41723],{},[161,144362,8532,144363,144365],{},[15,144364,41723],{}," to remove text from the middle",[161,144367,914,144368,144370],{},[15,144369,144239],{}," and expecting only the exact file extension to be removed",[161,144372,1756,144373,144376],{},[15,144374,144375],{},"strip(chars)"," removes any matching characters, not a whole substring",[20,144378,144379],{},"Here is a quick debugging example:",[41,144381,144383],{"className":43,"code":144382,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"  hello\\n\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\n",[15,144384,144385,144399,144403,144413,144427,144441],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,144386,144387,144389,144391,144393,144395,144397],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,144388,695],{"class":56},[50,144390,61],{"class":60},[50,144392,700],{"class":604},[50,144394,144135],{"class":608},[50,144396,87195],{"class":34524},[50,144398,705],{"class":604},[50,144400,144401],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,144402,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,144404,144405,144407,144409,144411],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,144406,118],{"class":94},[50,144408,98],{"class":64},[50,144410,718],{"class":101},[50,144412,105],{"class":64},[50,144414,144415,144417,144419,144421,144423,144425],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,144416,118],{"class":94},[50,144418,98],{"class":64},[50,144420,41849],{"class":94},[50,144422,98],{"class":64},[50,144424,718],{"class":101},[50,144426,478],{"class":64},[50,144428,144429,144431,144433,144435,144437,144439],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,144430,118],{"class":94},[50,144432,98],{"class":64},[50,144434,718],{"class":101},[50,144436,425],{"class":64},[50,144438,8714],{"class":101},[50,144440,7273],{"class":64},[50,144442,144443,144445,144447,144449,144451,144453,144455,144457],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,144444,118],{"class":94},[50,144446,98],{"class":64},[50,144448,41849],{"class":94},[50,144450,98],{"class":64},[50,144452,718],{"class":101},[50,144454,425],{"class":64},[50,144456,8714],{"class":101},[50,144458,6367],{"class":64},[20,144460,353],{},[41,144462,144464],{"className":43,"code":144463,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"  hello\n\n'  hello\\n'\nhello\n'hello'\n",[15,144465,144466,144471,144475,144485,144489],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,144467,144468],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,144469,144470],{"class":56},"  hello\n",[50,144472,144473],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,144474,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,144476,144477,144479,144481,144483],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,144478,611],{"class":43397},[50,144480,144135],{"class":43401},[50,144482,87195],{"class":143812},[50,144484,29768],{"class":43397},[50,144486,144487],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,144488,138586],{"class":56},[50,144490,144491,144493,144495],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,144492,611],{"class":43397},[50,144494,3926],{"class":43401},[50,144496,29768],{"class":43397},[20,144498,144499],{},"Useful debugging commands:",[41,144501,144503],{"className":43,"code":144502,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nhelp(str.strip)\n",[15,144504,144505,144515,144529,144543,144561],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,144506,144507,144509,144511,144513],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,144508,118],{"class":94},[50,144510,98],{"class":64},[50,144512,718],{"class":101},[50,144514,105],{"class":64},[50,144516,144517,144519,144521,144523,144525,144527],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,144518,118],{"class":94},[50,144520,98],{"class":64},[50,144522,41849],{"class":94},[50,144524,98],{"class":64},[50,144526,718],{"class":101},[50,144528,478],{"class":64},[50,144530,144531,144533,144535,144537,144539,144541],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,144532,118],{"class":94},[50,144534,98],{"class":64},[50,144536,718],{"class":101},[50,144538,425],{"class":64},[50,144540,8714],{"class":101},[50,144542,7273],{"class":64},[50,144544,144545,144547,144549,144551,144553,144555,144557,144559],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,144546,118],{"class":94},[50,144548,98],{"class":64},[50,144550,41849],{"class":94},[50,144552,98],{"class":64},[50,144554,718],{"class":101},[50,144556,425],{"class":64},[50,144558,8714],{"class":101},[50,144560,6367],{"class":64},[50,144562,144563,144565,144567,144569,144571,144573],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,144564,32222],{"class":94},[50,144566,98],{"class":64},[50,144568,1395],{"class":557},[50,144570,425],{"class":64},[50,144572,8714],{"class":1400},[50,144574,105],{"class":64},[20,144576,144577,144579],{},[15,144578,122485],{}," is very helpful because it shows hidden whitespace clearly.",[36,144581,1913],{"id":1912},[222,144583,1917,144585,144587],{"id":144584},"does-strip-remove-spaces-in-the-middle-of-a-string",[15,144586,41723],{}," remove spaces in the middle of a string?",[20,144589,46435,144590,144592],{},[15,144591,41723],{}," only removes characters from the start and end of the string.",[222,144594,1917,144596,124598],{"id":144595},"does-strip-change-the-original-string",[15,144597,41723],{},[20,144599,144600],{},"No. It returns a new string because Python strings are immutable.",[222,144602,1927,144604,144606],{"id":144603},"what-does-strip-remove-by-default",[15,144605,41723],{}," remove by default?",[20,144608,144609],{},"It removes whitespace such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters from both ends.",[222,144611,34276,144613,34279,144615,1943],{"id":144612},"how-is-strip-different-from-replace",[15,144614,41723],{},[15,144616,124442],{},[20,144618,144619,144621,144622,144624],{},[15,144620,41723],{}," removes characters only from the ends. ",[15,144623,124442],{}," can change matching text anywhere in the string.",[222,144626,144628],{"id":144627},"can-i-remove-only-the-left-or-right-side","Can I remove only the left or right side?",[20,144630,128144,144631,144633,144634,144636],{},[15,144632,144002],{}," for the left side and ",[15,144635,144005],{}," for the right side.",[36,144638,1975],{"id":1974},[158,144640,144641,144647,144653,144658,144663],{},[161,144642,144643],{},[421,144644,126271,144645,10816],{"href":123998},[15,144646,124001],{},[161,144648,144649],{},[421,144650,126271,144651,10816],{"href":129852},[15,144652,124442],{},[161,144654,144655],{},[421,144656,144657],{"href":143739},"How to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[161,144659,144660],{},[421,144661,144662],{"href":87848},"How to read a file line by line in Python",[161,144664,144665],{},[421,144666,125026],{"href":51045},[2018,144668,144669],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sfi6f, html code.shiki .sfi6f{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":144671},[144672,144673,144675,144679,144681,144682,144684,144685,144687,144688,144699],{"id":38,"depth":86,"text":39},{"id":143324,"depth":86,"text":144674},"What strip() does",{"id":180,"depth":86,"text":181,"children":144676},[144677,144678],{"id":143447,"depth":108,"text":143439},{"id":143498,"depth":108,"text":143444},{"id":143572,"depth":86,"text":144680},"Remove whitespace with strip()",{"id":143838,"depth":86,"text":143839},{"id":143997,"depth":86,"text":144683},"strip() vs lstrip() vs rstrip()",{"id":108402,"depth":86,"text":108403},{"id":144253,"depth":86,"text":144686},"When to use strip()",{"id":1742,"depth":86,"text":1743},{"id":1912,"depth":86,"text":1913,"children":144689},[144690,144692,144694,144696,144698],{"id":144584,"depth":108,"text":144691},"Does strip() remove spaces in the middle of a string?",{"id":144595,"depth":108,"text":144693},"Does strip() change the original string?",{"id":144603,"depth":108,"text":144695},"What does strip() remove by default?",{"id":144612,"depth":108,"text":144697},"How is strip() different from replace()?",{"id":144627,"depth":108,"text":144628},{"id":1974,"depth":86,"text":1975},"Master python string strip method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method",{"title":143245,"description":144700},"reference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method","V33HNckrK0iU0Rb4v9xwAECg55fn4E8r6Jrd6VFtyd0",{"id":144707,"title":144708,"body":144709,"description":145889,"extension":2064,"meta":145890,"navigation":111,"path":145891,"seo":145892,"stem":145893,"__hash__":145894},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method.md","Python String upper() Method",{"type":7,"value":144710,"toc":145859},[144711,144716,144721,144726,144728,144774,144782,144787,144801,144807,144809,144811,144826,144828,144838,144841,144872,144875,144898,144900,144903,144960,144962,144976,144978,144992,144998,145003,145006,145047,145049,145058,145066,145069,145114,145116,145125,145128,145132,145137,145151,145153,145185,145187,145207,145210,145215,145220,145222,145233,145236,145293,145295,145303,145312,145314,145316,145322,145324,145361,145363,145371,145373,145414,145416,145425,145430,145435,145437,145464,145471,145474,145505,145507,145516,145522,145531,145562,145564,145576,145589,145593,145598,145628,145630,145697,145699,145709,145711,145716,145719,145724,145729,145733,145739,145745,145748,145750,145808,145810,145818,145820,145856],[10,144712,123271,144714,11397],{"id":144713},"python-string-upper-method",[15,144715,128149],{},[20,144717,123276,144718,144720],{},[15,144719,128149],{}," method returns a new string with lowercase letters changed to uppercase.",[20,144722,84660,144723,144725],{},[15,144724,128149],{}," does, how to use it, what it returns, and a few common beginner mistakes. It stays focused on the method itself.",[36,144727,2105],{"id":2104},[41,144729,144731],{"className":43,"code":144730,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"Hello World\"\nresult = text.upper()\nprint(result)\n# HELLO WORLD\n",[15,144732,144733,144745,144759,144769],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,144734,144735,144737,144739,144741,144743],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,144736,695],{"class":56},[50,144738,61],{"class":60},[50,144740,700],{"class":604},[50,144742,128990],{"class":608},[50,144744,705],{"class":604},[50,144746,144747,144749,144751,144753,144755,144757],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,144748,89],{"class":56},[50,144750,61],{"class":60},[50,144752,42910],{"class":56},[50,144754,425],{"class":64},[50,144756,34549],{"class":101},[50,144758,8722],{"class":64},[50,144760,144761,144763,144765,144767],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,144762,118],{"class":94},[50,144764,98],{"class":64},[50,144766,123],{"class":101},[50,144768,105],{"class":64},[50,144770,144771],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,144772,144773],{"class":129},"# HELLO WORLD\n",[20,144775,144776,144778,144779,144781],{},[15,144777,128149],{}," returns a new string with letters changed to uppercase. It does ",[3824,144780,4709],{}," change the original string in place.",[36,144783,153,144785,156],{"id":144784},"what-upper-does",[15,144786,128149],{},[158,144788,144789,144794,144797,144799],{},[161,144790,144791,144793],{},[15,144792,128149],{}," returns a copy of a string with lowercase letters converted to uppercase",[161,144795,144796],{},"It works on string values only",[161,144798,133519],{},[161,144800,136237],{},[20,144802,125023,144803,2976,144805,425],{},[421,144804,136243],{"href":136242},[421,144806,125026],{"href":51045},[36,144808,181],{"id":180},[20,144810,2259],{},[41,144812,144814],{"className":43,"code":144813,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"string.upper()\n",[15,144815,144816],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,144817,144818,144820,144822,144824],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,144819,684],{"class":56},[50,144821,425],{"class":64},[50,144823,34549],{"class":101},[50,144825,8722],{"class":64},[20,144827,11534],{},[158,144829,144830,144832,144835],{},[161,144831,97568],{},[161,144833,144834],{},"You call it on a string variable or string literal",[161,144836,144837],{},"It returns the uppercase version of the string",[20,144839,144840],{},"Example with a variable:",[41,144842,144844],{"className":43,"code":144843,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"name = \"python\"\nprint(name.upper())\n",[15,144845,144846,144858],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,144847,144848,144850,144852,144854,144856],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,144849,7955],{"class":56},[50,144851,61],{"class":60},[50,144853,700],{"class":604},[50,144855,45],{"class":608},[50,144857,705],{"class":604},[50,144859,144860,144862,144864,144866,144868,144870],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,144861,118],{"class":94},[50,144863,98],{"class":64},[50,144865,814],{"class":101},[50,144867,425],{"class":64},[50,144869,34549],{"class":101},[50,144871,7273],{"class":64},[20,144873,144874],{},"Example with a string literal:",[41,144876,144878],{"className":43,"code":144877,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(\"hello\".upper())\n",[15,144879,144880],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,144881,144882,144884,144886,144888,144890,144892,144894,144896],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,144883,118],{"class":94},[50,144885,98],{"class":64},[50,144887,811],{"class":604},[50,144889,3926],{"class":608},[50,144891,811],{"class":604},[50,144893,425],{"class":64},[50,144895,34549],{"class":101},[50,144897,7273],{"class":64},[36,144899,271],{"id":270},[20,144901,144902],{},"Here is a basic example that converts a lowercase word to uppercase and stores the result in a new variable:",[41,144904,144906],{"className":43,"code":144905,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"word = \"banana\"\nuppercase_word = word.upper()\n\nprint(word)\nprint(uppercase_word)\n",[15,144907,144908,144920,144935,144939,144949],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,144909,144910,144912,144914,144916,144918],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,144911,6232],{"class":56},[50,144913,61],{"class":60},[50,144915,700],{"class":604},[50,144917,1058],{"class":608},[50,144919,705],{"class":604},[50,144921,144922,144925,144927,144929,144931,144933],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,144923,144924],{"class":56},"uppercase_word ",[50,144926,61],{"class":60},[50,144928,38449],{"class":56},[50,144930,425],{"class":64},[50,144932,34549],{"class":101},[50,144934,8722],{"class":64},[50,144936,144937],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,144938,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,144940,144941,144943,144945,144947],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,144942,118],{"class":94},[50,144944,98],{"class":64},[50,144946,38459],{"class":101},[50,144948,105],{"class":64},[50,144950,144951,144953,144955,144958],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,144952,118],{"class":94},[50,144954,98],{"class":64},[50,144956,144957],{"class":101},"uppercase_word",[50,144959,105],{"class":64},[20,144961,353],{},[41,144963,144965],{"className":43,"code":144964,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"banana\nBANANA\n",[15,144966,144967,144971],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,144968,144969],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,144970,70467],{"class":56},[50,144972,144973],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,144974,144975],{"class":34524},"BANANA\n",[20,144977,112509],{},[158,144979,144980,144985],{},[161,144981,144982,144984],{},[15,144983,38459],{}," keeps its original value",[161,144986,144987,144989,144990],{},[15,144988,144957],{}," stores the returned value from ",[15,144991,128149],{},[36,144993,144995,144997],{"id":144994},"upper-does-not-change-the-original-string",[15,144996,128149],{}," does not change the original string",[20,144999,136903,145000,145002],{},[3824,145001,136906],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change the characters inside a string directly.",[20,145004,145005],{},"So this method:",[41,145007,145009],{"className":43,"code":145008,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"name = \"alice\"\nname.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,145010,145011,145023,145033,145037],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,145012,145013,145015,145017,145019,145021],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,145014,7955],{"class":56},[50,145016,61],{"class":60},[50,145018,700],{"class":604},[50,145020,17873],{"class":608},[50,145022,705],{"class":604},[50,145024,145025,145027,145029,145031],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,145026,814],{"class":56},[50,145028,425],{"class":64},[50,145030,34549],{"class":101},[50,145032,8722],{"class":64},[50,145034,145035],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,145036,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,145038,145039,145041,145043,145045],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,145040,118],{"class":94},[50,145042,98],{"class":64},[50,145044,814],{"class":101},[50,145046,105],{"class":64},[20,145048,353],{},[41,145050,145052],{"className":43,"code":145051,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"alice\n",[15,145053,145054],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,145055,145056],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,145057,145051],{"class":56},[20,145059,21047,145060,145062,145063,145065],{},[15,145061,128149],{}," was called, ",[15,145064,814],{}," did not change because the result was not saved.",[20,145067,145068],{},"If you want to keep the uppercase version, assign it back to the variable:",[41,145070,145072],{"className":43,"code":145071,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"name = \"alice\"\nname = name.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,145073,145074,145086,145100,145104],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,145075,145076,145078,145080,145082,145084],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,145077,7955],{"class":56},[50,145079,61],{"class":60},[50,145081,700],{"class":604},[50,145083,17873],{"class":608},[50,145085,705],{"class":604},[50,145087,145088,145090,145092,145094,145096,145098],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,145089,7955],{"class":56},[50,145091,61],{"class":60},[50,145093,36061],{"class":56},[50,145095,425],{"class":64},[50,145097,34549],{"class":101},[50,145099,8722],{"class":64},[50,145101,145102],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,145103,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,145105,145106,145108,145110,145112],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,145107,118],{"class":94},[50,145109,98],{"class":64},[50,145111,814],{"class":101},[50,145113,105],{"class":64},[20,145115,353],{},[41,145117,145119],{"className":43,"code":145118,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"ALICE\n",[15,145120,145121],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,145122,145123],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,145124,145118],{"class":34524},[20,145126,145127],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes with string methods.",[36,145129,145131],{"id":145130},"what-happens-to-numbers-spaces-and-symbols","What happens to numbers, spaces, and symbols",[20,145133,145134,145136],{},[15,145135,128149],{}," only changes letters that have uppercase forms.",[158,145138,145139,145142,145145,145148],{},[161,145140,145141],{},"Numbers stay the same",[161,145143,145144],{},"Spaces stay the same",[161,145146,145147],{},"Punctuation stays the same",[161,145149,145150],{},"Only letters are changed",[20,145152,1602],{},[41,145154,145156],{"className":43,"code":145155,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"Room 7, table #3!\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,145157,145158,145171],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,145159,145160,145162,145164,145166,145169],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,145161,695],{"class":56},[50,145163,61],{"class":60},[50,145165,700],{"class":604},[50,145167,145168],{"class":608},"Room 7, table #3!",[50,145170,705],{"class":604},[50,145172,145173,145175,145177,145179,145181,145183],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,145174,118],{"class":94},[50,145176,98],{"class":64},[50,145178,718],{"class":101},[50,145180,425],{"class":64},[50,145182,34549],{"class":101},[50,145184,7273],{"class":64},[20,145186,353],{},[41,145188,145190],{"className":43,"code":145189,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"ROOM 7, TABLE #3!\n",[15,145191,145192],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,145193,145194,145197,145199,145201,145204],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,145195,145196],{"class":34524},"ROOM",[50,145198,6071],{"class":68},[50,145200,72],{"class":64},[50,145202,145203],{"class":34524}," TABLE",[50,145205,145206],{"class":129}," #3!\n",[20,145208,145209],{},"The letters changed to uppercase, but the number, space, comma, and symbol stayed the same.",[36,145211,5040,145213],{"id":145212},"when-to-use-upper",[15,145214,128149],{},[20,145216,145217,145219],{},[15,145218,128149],{}," is useful when you want to standardize text.",[20,145221,48410],{},[158,145223,145224,145227,145230],{},[161,145225,145226],{},"Standardize user input for comparisons",[161,145228,145229],{},"Format labels or headings",[161,145231,145232],{},"Make text easier to compare in simple cases",[20,145234,145235],{},"Example: simple comparison",[41,145237,145239],{"className":43,"code":145238,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"answer = \"yes\"\n\nif answer.upper() == \"YES\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,145240,145241,145253,145257,145279],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,145242,145243,145245,145247,145249,145251],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,145244,136514],{"class":56},[50,145246,61],{"class":60},[50,145248,700],{"class":604},[50,145250,8737],{"class":608},[50,145252,705],{"class":604},[50,145254,145255],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,145256,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,145258,145259,145261,145263,145265,145267,145269,145271,145273,145275,145277],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,145260,7076],{"class":3957},[50,145262,136534],{"class":56},[50,145264,425],{"class":64},[50,145266,34549],{"class":101},[50,145268,7445],{"class":64},[50,145270,6485],{"class":60},[50,145272,700],{"class":604},[50,145274,136521],{"class":608},[50,145276,811],{"class":604},[50,145278,6470],{"class":64},[50,145280,145281,145283,145285,145287,145289,145291],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,145282,8148],{"class":94},[50,145284,98],{"class":64},[50,145286,811],{"class":604},[50,145288,143718],{"class":608},[50,145290,811],{"class":604},[50,145292,105],{"class":64},[20,145294,353],{},[41,145296,145297],{"className":43,"code":143727,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,145298,145299],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,145300,145301],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,145302,143727],{"class":56},[20,145304,145305,145306,31,145308,2292,145310,425],{},"This can help when users type different letter cases, such as ",[15,145307,8737],{},[15,145309,137307],{},[15,145311,136521],{},[36,145313,1743],{"id":1742},[222,145315,95929],{"id":95928},[20,145317,8195,145318,145321],{},[15,145319,145320],{},"text.upper()"," to change the original variable automatically.",[20,145323,16715],{},[41,145325,145327],{"className":43,"code":145326,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,145328,145329,145341,145351],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,145330,145331,145333,145335,145337,145339],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,145332,695],{"class":56},[50,145334,61],{"class":60},[50,145336,700],{"class":604},[50,145338,3926],{"class":608},[50,145340,705],{"class":604},[50,145342,145343,145345,145347,145349],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,145344,718],{"class":56},[50,145346,425],{"class":64},[50,145348,34549],{"class":101},[50,145350,8722],{"class":64},[50,145352,145353,145355,145357,145359],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,145354,118],{"class":94},[50,145356,98],{"class":64},[50,145358,718],{"class":101},[50,145360,105],{"class":64},[20,145362,353],{},[41,145364,145365],{"className":43,"code":138586,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,145366,145367],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,145368,145369],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,145370,138586],{"class":56},[20,145372,16727],{},[41,145374,145376],{"className":43,"code":145375,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"hello\"\ntext = text.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,145377,145378,145390,145404],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,145379,145380,145382,145384,145386,145388],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,145381,695],{"class":56},[50,145383,61],{"class":60},[50,145385,700],{"class":604},[50,145387,3926],{"class":608},[50,145389,705],{"class":604},[50,145391,145392,145394,145396,145398,145400,145402],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,145393,695],{"class":56},[50,145395,61],{"class":60},[50,145397,42910],{"class":56},[50,145399,425],{"class":64},[50,145401,34549],{"class":101},[50,145403,8722],{"class":64},[50,145405,145406,145408,145410,145412],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,145407,118],{"class":94},[50,145409,98],{"class":64},[50,145411,718],{"class":101},[50,145413,105],{"class":64},[20,145415,353],{},[41,145417,145419],{"className":43,"code":145418,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"HELLO\n",[15,145420,145421],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,145422,145423],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,145424,145418],{"class":34524},[222,145426,18977,145428,137193],{"id":145427},"trying-to-call-upper-on-a-non-string-value",[15,145429,128149],{},[20,145431,145432,145434],{},[15,145433,128149],{}," is a string method. If the value is not a string, it will fail.",[20,145436,1602],{},[41,145438,145440],{"className":43,"code":145439,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"number = 123\nprint(number.upper())\n",[15,145441,145442,145450],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,145443,145444,145446,145448],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,145445,2316],{"class":56},[50,145447,61],{"class":60},[50,145449,124953],{"class":68},[50,145451,145452,145454,145456,145458,145460,145462],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,145453,118],{"class":94},[50,145455,98],{"class":64},[50,145457,2338],{"class":101},[50,145459,425],{"class":64},[50,145461,34549],{"class":101},[50,145463,7273],{"class":64},[20,145465,39722,145466,145468,145469,33671],{},[15,145467,2288],{}," objects do not have an ",[15,145470,128149],{},[20,145472,145473],{},"If needed, convert the value to a string first:",[41,145475,145477],{"className":43,"code":145476,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"number = 123\nprint(str(number).upper())\n",[15,145478,145479,145487],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,145480,145481,145483,145485],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,145482,2316],{"class":56},[50,145484,61],{"class":60},[50,145486,124953],{"class":68},[50,145488,145489,145491,145493,145495,145497,145499,145501,145503],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,145490,118],{"class":94},[50,145492,98],{"class":64},[50,145494,1395],{"class":557},[50,145496,98],{"class":64},[50,145498,2338],{"class":101},[50,145500,8711],{"class":64},[50,145502,34549],{"class":101},[50,145504,7273],{"class":64},[20,145506,353],{},[41,145508,145510],{"className":43,"code":145509,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"123\n",[15,145511,145512],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,145513,145514],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,145515,145509],{"class":68},[222,145517,37273,145519,145521],{"id":145518},"confusing-upper-with-title-case",[15,145520,128149],{}," with title case",[20,145523,145524,145526,145527,145530],{},[15,145525,128149],{}," makes ",[3824,145528,145529],{},"all letters uppercase",". It does not make every word start with a capital letter.",[41,145532,145534],{"className":43,"code":145533,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,145535,145536,145548],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,145537,145538,145540,145542,145544,145546],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,145539,695],{"class":56},[50,145541,61],{"class":60},[50,145543,700],{"class":604},[50,145545,60473],{"class":608},[50,145547,705],{"class":604},[50,145549,145550,145552,145554,145556,145558,145560],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,145551,118],{"class":94},[50,145553,98],{"class":64},[50,145555,718],{"class":101},[50,145557,425],{"class":64},[50,145559,34549],{"class":101},[50,145561,7273],{"class":64},[20,145563,353],{},[41,145565,145567],{"className":43,"code":145566,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"HELLO WORLD\n",[15,145568,145569],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,145570,145571,145573],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,145572,136295],{"class":34524},[50,145574,145575],{"class":34524}," WORLD\n",[20,145577,145578,145579,145583,145584,145588],{},"If your goal is different, another method may fit better. For example, ",[421,145580,145581],{"href":123998},[15,145582,124001],{}," makes text lowercase, and ",[421,145585,145586],{"href":129852},[15,145587,124442],{}," changes parts of a string.",[36,145590,145592],{"id":145591},"related-string-methods","Related string methods",[20,145594,145595,145596,819],{},"These string methods are often used with ",[15,145597,128149],{},[158,145599,145600,145607,145614,145621],{},[161,145601,145602,145606],{},[421,145603,145604],{"href":123998},[15,145605,124001],{}," for lowercase text",[161,145608,145609,145613],{},[421,145610,145611],{"href":136841},[15,145612,41723],{}," for removing leading and trailing whitespace",[161,145615,145616,145620],{},[421,145617,145618],{"href":129852},[15,145619,124442],{}," for changing parts of a string",[161,145622,145623,4472,145625,145627],{},[15,145624,127639],{},[15,145626,126329],{}," for checks",[20,145629,1602],{},[41,145631,145633],{"className":43,"code":145632,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\ncleaned = text.strip()\nloud = cleaned.upper()\n\nprint(loud)\n",[15,145634,145635,145647,145651,145666,145682,145686],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,145636,145637,145639,145641,145643,145645],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,145638,695],{"class":56},[50,145640,61],{"class":60},[50,145642,700],{"class":604},[50,145644,143369],{"class":608},[50,145646,705],{"class":604},[50,145648,145649],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,145650,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,145652,145653,145656,145658,145660,145662,145664],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,145654,145655],{"class":56},"cleaned ",[50,145657,61],{"class":60},[50,145659,42910],{"class":56},[50,145661,425],{"class":64},[50,145663,8714],{"class":101},[50,145665,8722],{"class":64},[50,145667,145668,145671,145673,145676,145678,145680],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,145669,145670],{"class":56},"loud ",[50,145672,61],{"class":60},[50,145674,145675],{"class":56}," cleaned",[50,145677,425],{"class":64},[50,145679,34549],{"class":101},[50,145681,8722],{"class":64},[50,145683,145684],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,145685,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,145687,145688,145690,145692,145695],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,145689,118],{"class":94},[50,145691,98],{"class":64},[50,145693,145694],{"class":101},"loud",[50,145696,105],{"class":64},[20,145698,353],{},[41,145700,145701],{"className":43,"code":145566,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,145702,145703],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,145704,145705,145707],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,145706,136295],{"class":34524},[50,145708,145575],{"class":34524},[36,145710,1913],{"id":1912},[222,145712,1917,145714,124598],{"id":145713},"does-upper-change-the-original-string",[15,145715,128149],{},[20,145717,145718],{},"No. It returns a new uppercase string. Save the result if you want to keep it.",[222,145720,1917,145722,137575],{"id":145721},"does-upper-take-any-arguments",[15,145723,128149],{},[20,145725,145726,145727,425],{},"No. The method is called with empty parentheses: ",[15,145728,145320],{},[222,145730,145732],{"id":145731},"what-happens-to-numbers-and-symbols","What happens to numbers and symbols?",[20,145734,145735,145736,145738],{},"They stay the same. ",[15,145737,128149],{}," only changes letters that can be converted to uppercase.",[222,145740,28398,145742,145744],{"id":145741},"can-i-use-upper-for-case-insensitive-comparison",[15,145743,128149],{}," for case-insensitive comparison?",[20,145746,145747],{},"Yes, for simple cases. Convert both strings before comparing them.",[20,145749,1602],{},[41,145751,145753],{"className":43,"code":145752,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = \"python\"\nb = \"PYTHON\"\n\nprint(a.upper() == b.upper())\n",[15,145754,145755,145767,145780,145784],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,145756,145757,145759,145761,145763,145765],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,145758,2652],{"class":56},[50,145760,61],{"class":60},[50,145762,700],{"class":604},[50,145764,45],{"class":608},[50,145766,705],{"class":604},[50,145768,145769,145771,145773,145775,145778],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,145770,2680],{"class":56},[50,145772,61],{"class":60},[50,145774,700],{"class":604},[50,145776,145777],{"class":608},"PYTHON",[50,145779,705],{"class":604},[50,145781,145782],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,145783,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,145785,145786,145788,145790,145792,145794,145796,145798,145800,145802,145804,145806],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,145787,118],{"class":94},[50,145789,98],{"class":64},[50,145791,421],{"class":101},[50,145793,425],{"class":64},[50,145795,34549],{"class":101},[50,145797,7445],{"class":64},[50,145799,6485],{"class":60},[50,145801,2657],{"class":101},[50,145803,425],{"class":64},[50,145805,34549],{"class":101},[50,145807,7273],{"class":64},[20,145809,353],{},[41,145811,145812],{"className":43,"code":4061,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,145813,145814],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,145815,145816],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,145817,4061],{"class":207},[36,145819,1975],{"id":1974},[158,145821,145822,145826,145832,145838,145844,145848,145852],{},[161,145823,145824],{},[421,145825,125026],{"href":51045},[161,145827,145828],{},[421,145829,126271,145830,10816],{"href":123998},[15,145831,124001],{},[161,145833,145834],{},[421,145835,126271,145836,10816],{"href":136841},[15,145837,41723],{},[161,145839,145840],{},[421,145841,126271,145842,10816],{"href":129852},[15,145843,124442],{},[161,145845,145846],{},[421,145847,90725],{"href":89734},[161,145849,145850],{},[421,145851,124670],{"href":123526},[161,145853,145854],{},[421,145855,137661],{"href":136242},[2018,145857,145858],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":145860},[145861,145862,145864,145865,145866,145868,145869,145871,145878,145879,145888],{"id":2104,"depth":86,"text":2105},{"id":144784,"depth":86,"text":145863},"What upper() does",{"id":180,"depth":86,"text":181},{"id":270,"depth":86,"text":271},{"id":144994,"depth":86,"text":145867},"upper() does not change the original string",{"id":145130,"depth":86,"text":145131},{"id":145212,"depth":86,"text":145870},"When to use upper()",{"id":1742,"depth":86,"text":1743,"children":145872},[145873,145874,145876],{"id":95928,"depth":108,"text":95929},{"id":145427,"depth":108,"text":145875},"Trying to call upper() on a non-string value",{"id":145518,"depth":108,"text":145877},"Confusing upper() with title case",{"id":145591,"depth":86,"text":145592},{"id":1912,"depth":86,"text":1913,"children":145880},[145881,145883,145885,145886],{"id":145713,"depth":108,"text":145882},"Does upper() change the original string?",{"id":145721,"depth":108,"text":145884},"Does upper() take any arguments?",{"id":145731,"depth":108,"text":145732},{"id":145741,"depth":108,"text":145887},"Can I use upper() for case-insensitive comparison?",{"id":1974,"depth":86,"text":1975},"Master python string upper method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method",{"title":144708,"description":145889},"reference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method","CsxUKCdYvLDpit9Dq111nYxjaDPu17cNNaa2kyQ-PpY",{"id":145896,"title":145897,"body":145898,"description":147775,"extension":2064,"meta":147776,"navigation":111,"path":147777,"seo":147778,"stem":147779,"__hash__":147780},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained.md","Python sum() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":145899,"toc":147725},[145900,145906,145913,145919,145921,145977,145982,145987,145992,145995,146014,146017,146019,146043,146061,146072,146074,146077,146130,146132,146140,146142,146160,146165,146168,146225,146227,146236,146239,146259,146262,146268,146273,146275,146318,146320,146328,146331,146372,146374,146383,146389,146395,146422,146424,146432,146437,146441,146453,146496,146498,146506,146511,146517,146522,146526,146528,146571,146574,146621,146623,146632,146639,146643,146646,146692,146697,146701,146703,146746,146749,146757,146759,146764,146766,146768,146787,146790,146802,146804,146823,146825,146833,146837,146839,146890,146893,146968,146970,146978,146981,146985,146987,147034,147037,147108,147110,147118,147124,147126,147201,147205,147284,147286,147294,147300,147306,147311,147316,147365,147369,147440,147443,147448,147459,147462,147473,147483,147485,147490,147515,147520,147601,147603,147628,147630,147635,147638,147644,147653,147659,147662,147668,147674,147681,147684,147686,147722],[10,145901,13,145903,18],{"id":145902},"python-sum-function-explained",[15,145904,145905],{},"sum()",[20,145907,9203,145908,145910,145911,24832],{},[15,145909,145905],{}," function adds numbers from an iterable such as a list, tuple, or ",[15,145912,60066],{},[20,145914,145915,145916,145918],{},"It is one of the simplest ways to get a total in Python. Beginners often use it to add all numbers in a list, but it also has an optional ",[15,145917,36142],{}," value and a few important limits.",[36,145920,2105],{"id":2104},[41,145922,145924],{"className":43,"code":145923,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)  # 10\n",[15,145925,145926,145950,145965],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,145927,145928,145930,145932,145934,145936,145938,145940,145942,145944,145946,145948],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,145929,57],{"class":56},[50,145931,61],{"class":60},[50,145933,65],{"class":64},[50,145935,366],{"class":68},[50,145937,72],{"class":64},[50,145939,80],{"class":68},[50,145941,72],{"class":64},[50,145943,500],{"class":68},[50,145945,72],{"class":64},[50,145947,2554],{"class":68},[50,145949,83],{"class":64},[50,145951,145952,145954,145956,145959,145961,145963],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,145953,41252],{"class":56},[50,145955,61],{"class":60},[50,145957,145958],{"class":94}," sum",[50,145960,98],{"class":64},[50,145962,102],{"class":101},[50,145964,105],{"class":64},[50,145966,145967,145969,145971,145973,145975],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,145968,118],{"class":94},[50,145970,98],{"class":64},[50,145972,41281],{"class":101},[50,145974,126],{"class":64},[50,145976,26864],{"class":129},[20,145978,920,145979,145981],{},[15,145980,145905],{}," to add numbers from an iterable like a list or tuple.",[36,145983,153,145985,156],{"id":145984},"what-sum-does",[15,145986,145905],{},[20,145988,145989,145991],{},[15,145990,145905],{}," adds numeric values from an iterable.",[20,145993,145994],{},"Common beginner uses include:",[158,145996,145997,146000,146003,146008],{},[161,145998,145999],{},"Adding numbers in a list",[161,146001,146002],{},"Adding values in a tuple",[161,146004,146005,146006],{},"Adding numbers from ",[15,146007,2016],{},[161,146009,146010,146011,146013],{},"Counting ",[15,146012,247],{}," values in a list of booleans",[20,146015,146016],{},"It returns the final total as a number.",[36,146018,181],{"id":180},[41,146020,146022],{"className":43,"code":146021,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"sum(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,146023,146024],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,146025,146026,146029,146031,146033,146035,146037,146039,146041],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,146027,146028],{"class":94},"sum",[50,146030,98],{"class":64},[50,146032,196],{"class":101},[50,146034,72],{"class":64},[50,146036,36121],{"class":201},[50,146038,61],{"class":60},[50,146040,2220],{"class":68},[50,146042,105],{"class":64},[158,146044,146045,146050,146055],{},[161,146046,146047,146049],{},[15,146048,196],{}," is the group of values to add",[161,146051,146052,146054],{},[15,146053,36142],{}," is an optional value added before the iterable values",[161,146056,146057,146058],{},"Most of the time, beginners only need ",[15,146059,146060],{},"sum(iterable)",[20,146062,146063,146064,146067,146068,425],{},"If you are new to the word ",[146065,146066,196],"em",{},", think of it as a group of values you can loop through, such as a list, tuple, or ",[421,146069,146070,24686],{"href":2013},[15,146071,2016],{},[36,146073,271],{"id":270},[20,146075,146076],{},"Here is a basic example with a list of integers:",[41,146078,146080],{"className":43,"code":146079,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [5, 10, 15]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,146081,146082,146102,146116,146120],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,146083,146084,146086,146088,146090,146092,146094,146096,146098,146100],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,146085,57],{"class":56},[50,146087,61],{"class":60},[50,146089,65],{"class":64},[50,146091,290],{"class":68},[50,146093,72],{"class":64},[50,146095,6082],{"class":68},[50,146097,72],{"class":64},[50,146099,38006],{"class":68},[50,146101,83],{"class":64},[50,146103,146104,146106,146108,146110,146112,146114],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,146105,41252],{"class":56},[50,146107,61],{"class":60},[50,146109,145958],{"class":94},[50,146111,98],{"class":64},[50,146113,102],{"class":101},[50,146115,105],{"class":64},[50,146117,146118],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,146119,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,146121,146122,146124,146126,146128],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,146123,118],{"class":94},[50,146125,98],{"class":64},[50,146127,41281],{"class":101},[50,146129,105],{"class":64},[20,146131,353],{},[41,146133,146134],{"className":43,"code":69901,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,146135,146136],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,146137,146138],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,146139,69901],{"class":68},[20,146141,11758],{},[158,146143,146144,146149,146155],{},[161,146145,146146,146148],{},[15,146147,102],{}," contains three integers",[161,146150,146151,146154],{},[15,146152,146153],{},"sum(numbers)"," adds them together",[161,146156,146157,146158],{},"The result is stored in ",[15,146159,41281],{},[36,146161,36681,146163,8512],{"id":146162},"using-the-start-value",[15,146164,36142],{},[20,146166,146167],{},"The second argument lets you begin with an extra value before Python adds the iterable items.",[41,146169,146171],{"className":43,"code":146170,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ntotal = sum(numbers, 10)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,146172,146173,146193,146211,146215],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,146174,146175,146177,146179,146181,146183,146185,146187,146189,146191],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,146176,57],{"class":56},[50,146178,61],{"class":60},[50,146180,65],{"class":64},[50,146182,366],{"class":68},[50,146184,72],{"class":64},[50,146186,80],{"class":68},[50,146188,72],{"class":64},[50,146190,500],{"class":68},[50,146192,83],{"class":64},[50,146194,146195,146197,146199,146201,146203,146205,146207,146209],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,146196,41252],{"class":56},[50,146198,61],{"class":60},[50,146200,145958],{"class":94},[50,146202,98],{"class":64},[50,146204,102],{"class":101},[50,146206,72],{"class":64},[50,146208,6082],{"class":68},[50,146210,105],{"class":64},[50,146212,146213],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,146214,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,146216,146217,146219,146221,146223],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,146218,118],{"class":94},[50,146220,98],{"class":64},[50,146222,41281],{"class":101},[50,146224,105],{"class":64},[20,146226,353],{},[41,146228,146230],{"className":43,"code":146229,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"16\n",[15,146231,146232],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,146233,146234],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,146235,146229],{"class":68},[20,146237,146238],{},"This works like:",[158,146240,146241,146246,146251,146255],{},[161,146242,146243,146244],{},"Start at ",[15,146245,1618],{},[161,146247,146248,146249],{},"Add ",[15,146250,366],{},[161,146252,146248,146253],{},[15,146254,1564],{},[161,146256,146248,146257],{},[15,146258,69],{},[20,146260,146261],{},"This is useful when you already have a starting total.",[36,146263,153,146265,146267],{"id":146264},"what-sum-can-work-with",[15,146266,145905],{}," can work with",[20,146269,146270,146272],{},[15,146271,145905],{}," works with numeric values.",[222,146274,40494],{"id":40493},[41,146276,146278],{"className":43,"code":146277,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"values = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146279,146280,146304],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,146281,146282,146284,146286,146288,146290,146292,146294,146296,146298,146300,146302],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,146283,516],{"class":56},[50,146285,61],{"class":60},[50,146287,65],{"class":64},[50,146289,366],{"class":68},[50,146291,72],{"class":64},[50,146293,80],{"class":68},[50,146295,72],{"class":64},[50,146297,500],{"class":68},[50,146299,72],{"class":64},[50,146301,2554],{"class":68},[50,146303,83],{"class":64},[50,146305,146306,146308,146310,146312,146314,146316],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,146307,118],{"class":94},[50,146309,98],{"class":64},[50,146311,146028],{"class":94},[50,146313,98],{"class":64},[50,146315,546],{"class":101},[50,146317,478],{"class":64},[20,146319,353],{},[41,146321,146322],{"className":43,"code":2473,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,146323,146324],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,146325,146326],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,146327,2473],{"class":68},[222,146329,146330],{"id":52115},"Floats",[41,146332,146334],{"className":43,"code":146333,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"prices = [2.5, 3.75, 1.25]\nprint(sum(prices))\n",[15,146335,146336,146358],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,146337,146338,146340,146342,146344,146346,146348,146351,146353,146356],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,146339,83092],{"class":56},[50,146341,61],{"class":60},[50,146343,65],{"class":64},[50,146345,41228],{"class":68},[50,146347,72],{"class":64},[50,146349,146350],{"class":68}," 3.75",[50,146352,72],{"class":64},[50,146354,146355],{"class":68}," 1.25",[50,146357,83],{"class":64},[50,146359,146360,146362,146364,146366,146368,146370],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,146361,118],{"class":94},[50,146363,98],{"class":64},[50,146365,146028],{"class":94},[50,146367,98],{"class":64},[50,146369,83128],{"class":101},[50,146371,478],{"class":64},[20,146373,353],{},[41,146375,146377],{"className":43,"code":146376,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"7.5\n",[15,146378,146379],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,146380,146381],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,146382,146376],{"class":68},[20,146384,146385,146386,425],{},"If you need a refresher on numeric types, see ",[421,146387,146388],{"href":2516},"Python numbers explained: int and float",[222,146390,146392,146393],{"id":146391},"values-from-range","Values from ",[15,146394,2016],{},[41,146396,146398],{"className":43,"code":146397,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(sum(range(1, 6)))\n",[15,146399,146400],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,146401,146402,146404,146406,146408,146410,146412,146414,146416,146418,146420],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,146403,118],{"class":94},[50,146405,98],{"class":64},[50,146407,146028],{"class":94},[50,146409,98],{"class":64},[50,146411,60066],{"class":94},[50,146413,98],{"class":64},[50,146415,366],{"class":68},[50,146417,72],{"class":64},[50,146419,37713],{"class":68},[50,146421,569],{"class":64},[20,146423,353],{},[41,146425,146426],{"className":43,"code":47111,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,146427,146428],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,146429,146430],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,146431,47111],{"class":68},[20,146433,113598,146434,425],{},[15,146435,146436],{},"1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5",[222,146438,146440],{"id":146439},"boolean-values","Boolean values",[20,146442,146443,146444,146446,146447,4472,146449,146446,146451,425],{},"Booleans can also be summed because ",[15,146445,247],{}," acts like ",[15,146448,366],{},[15,146450,218],{},[15,146452,2220],{},[41,146454,146456],{"className":43,"code":146455,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"results = [True, False, True, True]\nprint(sum(results))\n",[15,146457,146458,146482],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,146459,146460,146462,146464,146466,146468,146470,146472,146474,146476,146478,146480],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,146461,52035],{"class":56},[50,146463,61],{"class":60},[50,146465,65],{"class":64},[50,146467,247],{"class":207},[50,146469,72],{"class":64},[50,146471,3988],{"class":207},[50,146473,72],{"class":64},[50,146475,3997],{"class":207},[50,146477,72],{"class":64},[50,146479,3997],{"class":207},[50,146481,83],{"class":64},[50,146483,146484,146486,146488,146490,146492,146494],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,146485,118],{"class":94},[50,146487,98],{"class":64},[50,146489,146028],{"class":94},[50,146491,98],{"class":64},[50,146493,52088],{"class":101},[50,146495,478],{"class":64},[20,146497,353],{},[41,146499,146500],{"className":43,"code":46687,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,146501,146502],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,146503,146504],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,146505,46687],{"class":68},[20,146507,146508,146509,425],{},"This is a simple way to count how many values are ",[15,146510,247],{},[36,146512,153,146514,146516],{"id":146513},"what-sum-does-not-work-with",[15,146515,145905],{}," does not work with",[20,146518,146519,146521],{},[15,146520,145905],{}," is for numeric addition. It is not for joining text or combining lists.",[222,146523,146525],{"id":146524},"it-does-not-join-strings","It does not join strings",[20,146527,2934],{},[41,146529,146531],{"className":43,"code":146530,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(sum(words))\n",[15,146532,146533,146557],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,146534,146535,146537,146539,146541,146543,146545,146547,146549,146551,146553,146555],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,146536,1040],{"class":56},[50,146538,61],{"class":60},[50,146540,65],{"class":64},[50,146542,811],{"class":604},[50,146544,3926],{"class":608},[50,146546,811],{"class":604},[50,146548,72],{"class":64},[50,146550,700],{"class":604},[50,146552,60656],{"class":608},[50,146554,811],{"class":604},[50,146556,83],{"class":64},[50,146558,146559,146561,146563,146565,146567,146569],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,146560,118],{"class":94},[50,146562,98],{"class":64},[50,146564,146028],{"class":94},[50,146566,98],{"class":64},[50,146568,1088],{"class":101},[50,146570,478],{"class":64},[20,146572,146573],{},"Use string joining instead:",[41,146575,146577],{"className":43,"code":146576,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,146578,146579,146603],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,146580,146581,146583,146585,146587,146589,146591,146593,146595,146597,146599,146601],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,146582,1040],{"class":56},[50,146584,61],{"class":60},[50,146586,65],{"class":64},[50,146588,811],{"class":604},[50,146590,3926],{"class":608},[50,146592,811],{"class":604},[50,146594,72],{"class":64},[50,146596,700],{"class":604},[50,146598,60656],{"class":608},[50,146600,811],{"class":604},[50,146602,83],{"class":64},[50,146604,146605,146607,146609,146611,146613,146615,146617,146619],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,146606,118],{"class":94},[50,146608,98],{"class":64},[50,146610,6350],{"class":604},[50,146612,425],{"class":64},[50,146614,133430],{"class":101},[50,146616,98],{"class":64},[50,146618,1088],{"class":101},[50,146620,478],{"class":64},[20,146622,353],{},[41,146624,146626],{"className":43,"code":146625,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"helloworld\n",[15,146627,146628],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,146629,146630],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,146631,146625],{"class":56},[20,146633,146634,146635,425],{},"If you need to turn values into text first, see ",[421,146636,146637,1523],{"href":42245},[15,146638,47754],{},[222,146640,146642],{"id":146641},"it-does-not-combine-lists","It does not combine lists",[20,146644,146645],{},"This also causes an error:",[41,146647,146649],{"className":43,"code":146648,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"lists = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(sum(lists))\n",[15,146650,146651,146678],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,146652,146653,146656,146658,146660,146662,146664,146666,146668,146670,146672,146674,146676],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,146654,146655],{"class":56},"lists ",[50,146657,61],{"class":60},[50,146659,56361],{"class":64},[50,146661,366],{"class":68},[50,146663,72],{"class":64},[50,146665,80],{"class":68},[50,146667,1860],{"class":64},[50,146669,65],{"class":64},[50,146671,69],{"class":68},[50,146673,72],{"class":64},[50,146675,2554],{"class":68},[50,146677,53311],{"class":64},[50,146679,146680,146682,146684,146686,146688,146690],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,146681,118],{"class":94},[50,146683,98],{"class":64},[50,146685,146028],{"class":94},[50,146687,98],{"class":64},[50,146689,5379],{"class":101},[50,146691,478],{"class":64},[20,146693,146694,146696],{},[15,146695,145905],{}," is not the right tool for combining lists.",[222,146698,146700],{"id":146699},"it-fails-with-mixed-incompatible-types","It fails with mixed incompatible types",[20,146702,5551],{},[41,146704,146706],{"className":43,"code":146705,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"values = [1, 2, \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146707,146708,146732],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,146709,146710,146712,146714,146716,146718,146720,146722,146724,146726,146728,146730],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,146711,516],{"class":56},[50,146713,61],{"class":60},[50,146715,65],{"class":64},[50,146717,366],{"class":68},[50,146719,72],{"class":64},[50,146721,80],{"class":68},[50,146723,72],{"class":64},[50,146725,700],{"class":604},[50,146727,69],{"class":608},[50,146729,811],{"class":604},[50,146731,83],{"class":64},[50,146733,146734,146736,146738,146740,146742,146744],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,146735,118],{"class":94},[50,146737,98],{"class":64},[50,146739,146028],{"class":94},[50,146741,98],{"class":64},[50,146743,546],{"class":101},[50,146745,478],{"class":64},[20,146747,146748],{},"This fails because Python cannot add integers and strings together.",[20,146750,146751,146752,146754,146755,425],{},"If you have number strings such as ",[15,146753,66006],{},", convert them first. See ",[421,146756,3060],{"href":3059},[36,146758,41574],{"id":41573},[20,146760,146761,146762,425],{},"Here are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,146763,145905],{},[222,146765,6602],{"id":6601},[20,146767,4605],{},[41,146769,146771],{"className":43,"code":146770,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(sum(5))\n",[15,146772,146773],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,146774,146775,146777,146779,146781,146783,146785],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,146776,118],{"class":94},[50,146778,98],{"class":64},[50,146780,146028],{"class":94},[50,146782,98],{"class":64},[50,146784,290],{"class":68},[50,146786,478],{"class":64},[20,146788,146789],{},"Why it fails:",[158,146791,146792,146797],{},[161,146793,146794,146796],{},[15,146795,290],{}," is a single integer",[161,146798,146799,146801],{},[15,146800,145905],{}," expects an iterable, not one number",[20,146803,6632],{},[41,146805,146807],{"className":43,"code":146806,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(sum([5]))\n",[15,146808,146809],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,146810,146811,146813,146815,146817,146819,146821],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,146812,118],{"class":94},[50,146814,98],{"class":64},[50,146816,146028],{"class":94},[50,146818,1792],{"class":64},[50,146820,290],{"class":68},[50,146822,1805],{"class":64},[20,146824,353],{},[41,146826,146827],{"className":43,"code":3044,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,146828,146829],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,146830,146831],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,146832,3044],{"class":68},[222,146834,146836],{"id":146835},"trying-to-sum-strings","Trying to sum strings",[20,146838,4605],{},[41,146840,146842],{"className":43,"code":146841,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146843,146844,146876],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,146845,146846,146848,146850,146852,146854,146856,146858,146860,146862,146864,146866,146868,146870,146872,146874],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,146847,516],{"class":56},[50,146849,61],{"class":60},[50,146851,65],{"class":64},[50,146853,811],{"class":604},[50,146855,366],{"class":608},[50,146857,811],{"class":604},[50,146859,72],{"class":64},[50,146861,700],{"class":604},[50,146863,1564],{"class":608},[50,146865,811],{"class":604},[50,146867,72],{"class":64},[50,146869,700],{"class":604},[50,146871,69],{"class":608},[50,146873,811],{"class":604},[50,146875,83],{"class":64},[50,146877,146878,146880,146882,146884,146886,146888],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,146879,118],{"class":94},[50,146881,98],{"class":64},[50,146883,146028],{"class":94},[50,146885,98],{"class":64},[50,146887,546],{"class":101},[50,146889,478],{"class":64},[20,146891,146892],{},"Fix it by converting the strings to integers:",[41,146894,146896],{"className":43,"code":146895,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,146897,146898,146930,146958],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,146899,146900,146902,146904,146906,146908,146910,146912,146914,146916,146918,146920,146922,146924,146926,146928],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,146901,516],{"class":56},[50,146903,61],{"class":60},[50,146905,65],{"class":64},[50,146907,811],{"class":604},[50,146909,366],{"class":608},[50,146911,811],{"class":604},[50,146913,72],{"class":64},[50,146915,700],{"class":604},[50,146917,1564],{"class":608},[50,146919,811],{"class":604},[50,146921,72],{"class":64},[50,146923,700],{"class":604},[50,146925,69],{"class":608},[50,146927,811],{"class":604},[50,146929,83],{"class":64},[50,146931,146932,146934,146936,146938,146940,146942,146944,146946,146948,146950,146952,146954,146956],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,146933,41252],{"class":56},[50,146935,61],{"class":60},[50,146937,145958],{"class":94},[50,146939,98],{"class":64},[50,146941,2288],{"class":557},[50,146943,98],{"class":64},[50,146945,2273],{"class":101},[50,146947,126],{"class":64},[50,146949,3958],{"class":3957},[50,146951,3961],{"class":101},[50,146953,3964],{"class":3957},[50,146955,3967],{"class":101},[50,146957,105],{"class":64},[50,146959,146960,146962,146964,146966],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,146961,118],{"class":94},[50,146963,98],{"class":64},[50,146965,41281],{"class":101},[50,146967,105],{"class":64},[20,146969,353],{},[41,146971,146972],{"className":43,"code":2753,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,146973,146974],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,146975,146976],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,146977,2753],{"class":68},[20,146979,146980],{},"This kind of problem is related to TypeError with unsupported operand types.",[222,146982,146984],{"id":146983},"mixing-numbers-and-strings","Mixing numbers and strings",[20,146986,4605],{},[41,146988,146990],{"className":43,"code":146989,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146991,146992,147020],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,146993,146994,146996,146998,147000,147002,147004,147006,147008,147010,147012,147014,147016,147018],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,146995,516],{"class":56},[50,146997,61],{"class":60},[50,146999,65],{"class":64},[50,147001,366],{"class":68},[50,147003,72],{"class":64},[50,147005,80],{"class":68},[50,147007,72],{"class":64},[50,147009,700],{"class":604},[50,147011,69],{"class":608},[50,147013,811],{"class":604},[50,147015,72],{"class":64},[50,147017,2554],{"class":68},[50,147019,83],{"class":64},[50,147021,147022,147024,147026,147028,147030,147032],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,147023,118],{"class":94},[50,147025,98],{"class":64},[50,147027,146028],{"class":94},[50,147029,98],{"class":64},[50,147031,546],{"class":101},[50,147033,478],{"class":64},[20,147035,147036],{},"Fix it by making all values numeric:",[41,147038,147040],{"className":43,"code":147039,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,147041,147042,147070,147098],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,147043,147044,147046,147048,147050,147052,147054,147056,147058,147060,147062,147064,147066,147068],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,147045,516],{"class":56},[50,147047,61],{"class":60},[50,147049,65],{"class":64},[50,147051,366],{"class":68},[50,147053,72],{"class":64},[50,147055,80],{"class":68},[50,147057,72],{"class":64},[50,147059,700],{"class":604},[50,147061,69],{"class":608},[50,147063,811],{"class":604},[50,147065,72],{"class":64},[50,147067,2554],{"class":68},[50,147069,83],{"class":64},[50,147071,147072,147074,147076,147078,147080,147082,147084,147086,147088,147090,147092,147094,147096],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,147073,41252],{"class":56},[50,147075,61],{"class":60},[50,147077,145958],{"class":94},[50,147079,98],{"class":64},[50,147081,2288],{"class":557},[50,147083,98],{"class":64},[50,147085,2273],{"class":101},[50,147087,126],{"class":64},[50,147089,3958],{"class":3957},[50,147091,3961],{"class":101},[50,147093,3964],{"class":3957},[50,147095,3967],{"class":101},[50,147097,105],{"class":64},[50,147099,147100,147102,147104,147106],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,147101,118],{"class":94},[50,147103,98],{"class":64},[50,147105,41281],{"class":101},[50,147107,105],{"class":64},[20,147109,353],{},[41,147111,147112],{"className":43,"code":2473,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,147113,147114],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,147115,147116],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,147117,2473],{"class":68},[222,147119,914,147121,147123],{"id":147120},"using-sum-to-join-text",[15,147122,145905],{}," to join text",[20,147125,4605],{},[41,147127,147129],{"className":43,"code":147128,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(sum(letters))\n",[15,147130,147131,147187],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,147132,147133,147135,147137,147139,147141,147143,147145,147147,147149,147151,147153,147155,147157,147159,147161,147163,147165,147167,147169,147171,147173,147175,147177,147179,147181,147183,147185],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,147134,36160],{"class":56},[50,147136,61],{"class":60},[50,147138,65],{"class":64},[50,147140,811],{"class":604},[50,147142,134029],{"class":608},[50,147144,811],{"class":604},[50,147146,72],{"class":64},[50,147148,700],{"class":604},[50,147150,780],{"class":608},[50,147152,811],{"class":604},[50,147154,72],{"class":64},[50,147156,700],{"class":604},[50,147158,771],{"class":608},[50,147160,811],{"class":604},[50,147162,72],{"class":64},[50,147164,700],{"class":604},[50,147166,736],{"class":608},[50,147168,811],{"class":604},[50,147170,72],{"class":64},[50,147172,700],{"class":604},[50,147174,754],{"class":608},[50,147176,811],{"class":604},[50,147178,72],{"class":64},[50,147180,700],{"class":604},[50,147182,745],{"class":608},[50,147184,811],{"class":604},[50,147186,83],{"class":64},[50,147188,147189,147191,147193,147195,147197,147199],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,147190,118],{"class":94},[50,147192,98],{"class":64},[50,147194,146028],{"class":94},[50,147196,98],{"class":64},[50,147198,36213],{"class":101},[50,147200,478],{"class":64},[20,147202,920,147203,60597],{},[15,147204,133353],{},[41,147206,147208],{"className":43,"code":147207,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(\"\".join(letters))\n",[15,147209,147210,147266],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,147211,147212,147214,147216,147218,147220,147222,147224,147226,147228,147230,147232,147234,147236,147238,147240,147242,147244,147246,147248,147250,147252,147254,147256,147258,147260,147262,147264],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,147213,36160],{"class":56},[50,147215,61],{"class":60},[50,147217,65],{"class":64},[50,147219,811],{"class":604},[50,147221,134029],{"class":608},[50,147223,811],{"class":604},[50,147225,72],{"class":64},[50,147227,700],{"class":604},[50,147229,780],{"class":608},[50,147231,811],{"class":604},[50,147233,72],{"class":64},[50,147235,700],{"class":604},[50,147237,771],{"class":608},[50,147239,811],{"class":604},[50,147241,72],{"class":64},[50,147243,700],{"class":604},[50,147245,736],{"class":608},[50,147247,811],{"class":604},[50,147249,72],{"class":64},[50,147251,700],{"class":604},[50,147253,754],{"class":608},[50,147255,811],{"class":604},[50,147257,72],{"class":64},[50,147259,700],{"class":604},[50,147261,745],{"class":608},[50,147263,811],{"class":604},[50,147265,83],{"class":64},[50,147267,147268,147270,147272,147274,147276,147278,147280,147282],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,147269,118],{"class":94},[50,147271,98],{"class":64},[50,147273,6350],{"class":604},[50,147275,425],{"class":64},[50,147277,133430],{"class":101},[50,147279,98],{"class":64},[50,147281,36213],{"class":101},[50,147283,478],{"class":64},[20,147285,353],{},[41,147287,147288],{"className":43,"code":134110,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,147289,147290],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,147291,147292],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,147293,134110],{"class":56},[20,147295,147296,147297,425],{},"If you see string-related errors while building text, you may also want to read ",[421,147298,147299],{"href":135191},"TypeError: sequence item 0 expected str instance",[36,147301,147303,147305],{"id":147302},"sum-vs-manual-loop",[15,147304,145905],{}," vs manual loop",[20,147307,147308,147310],{},[15,147309,145905],{}," is often better when you only need the total.",[222,147312,914,147314],{"id":147313},"using-sum",[15,147315,145905],{},[41,147317,147319],{"className":43,"code":147318,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)\n",[15,147320,147321,147341,147355],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,147322,147323,147325,147327,147329,147331,147333,147335,147337,147339],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,147324,57],{"class":56},[50,147326,61],{"class":60},[50,147328,65],{"class":64},[50,147330,2602],{"class":68},[50,147332,72],{"class":64},[50,147334,6071],{"class":68},[50,147336,72],{"class":64},[50,147338,54205],{"class":68},[50,147340,83],{"class":64},[50,147342,147343,147345,147347,147349,147351,147353],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,147344,41252],{"class":56},[50,147346,61],{"class":60},[50,147348,145958],{"class":94},[50,147350,98],{"class":64},[50,147352,102],{"class":101},[50,147354,105],{"class":64},[50,147356,147357,147359,147361,147363],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,147358,118],{"class":94},[50,147360,98],{"class":64},[50,147362,41281],{"class":101},[50,147364,105],{"class":64},[222,147366,147368],{"id":147367},"using-a-manual-loop","Using a manual loop",[41,147370,147372],{"className":43,"code":147371,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = 0\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    total += number\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,147373,147374,147394,147402,147406,147418,147426,147430],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,147375,147376,147378,147380,147382,147384,147386,147388,147390,147392],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,147377,57],{"class":56},[50,147379,61],{"class":60},[50,147381,65],{"class":64},[50,147383,2602],{"class":68},[50,147385,72],{"class":64},[50,147387,6071],{"class":68},[50,147389,72],{"class":64},[50,147391,54205],{"class":68},[50,147393,83],{"class":64},[50,147395,147396,147398,147400],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,147397,41252],{"class":56},[50,147399,61],{"class":60},[50,147401,38581],{"class":68},[50,147403,147404],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,147405,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,147407,147408,147410,147412,147414,147416],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,147409,6035],{"class":3957},[50,147411,6463],{"class":56},[50,147413,3964],{"class":3957},[50,147415,4341],{"class":56},[50,147417,6470],{"class":64},[50,147419,147420,147422,147424],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,147421,90149],{"class":56},[50,147423,90152],{"class":60},[50,147425,90155],{"class":56},[50,147427,147428],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,147429,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,147431,147432,147434,147436,147438],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,147433,118],{"class":94},[50,147435,98],{"class":64},[50,147437,41281],{"class":101},[50,147439,105],{"class":64},[20,147441,147442],{},"Both produce the same result.",[20,147444,2586,147445,147447],{},[15,147446,145905],{}," is often better:",[158,147449,147450,147453,147456],{},[161,147451,147452],{},"Shorter code",[161,147454,147455],{},"Easier to read",[161,147457,147458],{},"Clear intent: you want a total",[20,147460,147461],{},"Why a manual loop is sometimes better:",[158,147463,147464,147467,147470],{},[161,147465,147466],{},"You need to skip some values",[161,147468,147469],{},"You need extra checks",[161,147471,147472],{},"You want to change values before adding them",[20,147474,147475,147476,147479,147480,147482],{},"For example, if you only want certain items, you might first ",[421,147477,147478],{"href":40077},"filter a list in Python"," and then use ",[15,147481,145905],{}," on the filtered result.",[36,147484,1743],{"id":1742},[20,147486,147487,147488,819],{},"These are the most common causes of problems with ",[15,147489,145905],{},[158,147491,147492,147498,147505,147512],{},[161,147493,147494,147495],{},"Passing a number instead of an iterable, such as ",[15,147496,147497],{},"sum(5)",[161,147499,147500,147501,147504],{},"Trying to sum strings like ",[15,147502,147503],{},"['1', '2', '3']"," without converting them",[161,147506,914,147507,147509,147510],{},[15,147508,145905],{}," to join text instead of using string ",[15,147511,133353],{},[161,147513,147514],{},"Mixing numbers and strings in the same iterable",[20,147516,8955,147517,147519],{},[15,147518,145905],{}," is failing, these quick checks can help:",[41,147521,147523],{"className":43,"code":147522,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(values)\nprint(type(values))\nprint([type(x) for x in values])\nprint(sum([int(x) for x in values]))\n",[15,147524,147525,147535,147549,147573],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,147526,147527,147529,147531,147533],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,147528,118],{"class":94},[50,147530,98],{"class":64},[50,147532,546],{"class":101},[50,147534,105],{"class":64},[50,147536,147537,147539,147541,147543,147545,147547],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,147538,118],{"class":94},[50,147540,98],{"class":64},[50,147542,558],{"class":557},[50,147544,98],{"class":64},[50,147546,546],{"class":101},[50,147548,478],{"class":64},[50,147550,147551,147553,147555,147557,147559,147561,147563,147565,147567,147569,147571],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,147552,118],{"class":94},[50,147554,1792],{"class":64},[50,147556,558],{"class":557},[50,147558,98],{"class":64},[50,147560,2273],{"class":101},[50,147562,126],{"class":64},[50,147564,3958],{"class":3957},[50,147566,3961],{"class":101},[50,147568,3964],{"class":3957},[50,147570,3967],{"class":101},[50,147572,3970],{"class":64},[50,147574,147575,147577,147579,147581,147583,147585,147587,147589,147591,147593,147595,147597,147599],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,147576,118],{"class":94},[50,147578,98],{"class":64},[50,147580,146028],{"class":94},[50,147582,1792],{"class":64},[50,147584,2288],{"class":557},[50,147586,98],{"class":64},[50,147588,2273],{"class":101},[50,147590,126],{"class":64},[50,147592,3958],{"class":3957},[50,147594,3961],{"class":101},[50,147596,3964],{"class":3957},[50,147598,3967],{"class":101},[50,147600,1805],{"class":64},[20,147602,135924],{},[158,147604,147605,147611,147617,147622],{},[161,147606,147607,147610],{},[15,147608,147609],{},"print(values)"," shows the actual data",[161,147612,147613,147616],{},[15,147614,147615],{},"print(type(values))"," shows whether the main object is a list, tuple, or something else",[161,147618,147619,135946],{},[15,147620,147621],{},"print([type(x) for x in values])",[161,147623,147624,147627],{},[15,147625,147626],{},"print(sum([int(x) for x in values]))"," tests whether conversion to integers fixes the problem",[36,147629,1913],{"id":1912},[222,147631,1927,147633,5224],{"id":147632},"what-does-sum-return-in-python",[15,147634,145905],{},[20,147636,147637],{},"It returns the total of the numeric values in an iterable.",[222,147639,5248,147641,147643],{"id":147640},"can-sum-add-strings-in-python",[15,147642,145905],{}," add strings in Python?",[20,147645,30339,147646,2976,147649,147652],{},[15,147647,147648],{},"''.join(...)",[15,147650,147651],{},"'separator'.join(...)"," for strings.",[222,147654,5248,147656,147658],{"id":147655},"can-sum-work-with-floats",[15,147657,145905],{}," work with floats?",[20,147660,147661],{},"Yes. It can add both integers and floats.",[222,147663,147665,147666,1943],{"id":147664},"what-is-the-second-argument-in-sum","What is the second argument in ",[15,147667,145905],{},[20,147669,147670,147671,147673],{},"It is the optional ",[15,147672,36142],{}," value added before the iterable values are summed.",[222,147675,1963,147677,1966,147679,1943],{"id":147676},"why-does-sum-give-a-typeerror",[15,147678,145905],{},[15,147680,1542],{},[20,147682,147683],{},"Usually because one or more values are not numbers, or because the argument is not an iterable.",[36,147685,1975],{"id":1974},[158,147687,147688,147692,147698,147704,147710,147714,147718],{},[161,147689,147690],{},[421,147691,146388],{"href":2516},[161,147693,147694],{},[421,147695,13,147696,1461],{"href":2013},[15,147697,2016],{},[161,147699,147700],{},[421,147701,13,147702,1461],{"href":1458},[15,147703,1454],{},[161,147705,147706],{},[421,147707,13,147708,1461],{"href":42245},[15,147709,47754],{},[161,147711,147712],{},[421,147713,5300],{"href":40077},[161,147715,147716],{},[421,147717,3615],{"href":3059},[161,147719,147720],{},[421,147721,147299],{"href":135191},[2018,147723,147724],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":147726},[147727,147728,147730,147731,147732,147734,147742,147748,147755,147761,147762,147774],{"id":2104,"depth":86,"text":2105},{"id":145984,"depth":86,"text":147729},"What sum() does",{"id":180,"depth":86,"text":181},{"id":270,"depth":86,"text":271},{"id":146162,"depth":86,"text":147733},"Using the start value",{"id":146264,"depth":86,"text":147735,"children":147736},"What sum() can work with",[147737,147738,147739,147741],{"id":40493,"depth":108,"text":40494},{"id":52115,"depth":108,"text":146330},{"id":146391,"depth":108,"text":147740},"Values from range()",{"id":146439,"depth":108,"text":146440},{"id":146513,"depth":86,"text":147743,"children":147744},"What sum() does not work with",[147745,147746,147747],{"id":146524,"depth":108,"text":146525},{"id":146641,"depth":108,"text":146642},{"id":146699,"depth":108,"text":146700},{"id":41573,"depth":86,"text":41574,"children":147749},[147750,147751,147752,147753],{"id":6601,"depth":108,"text":6602},{"id":146835,"depth":108,"text":146836},{"id":146983,"depth":108,"text":146984},{"id":147120,"depth":108,"text":147754},"Using sum() to join text",{"id":147302,"depth":86,"text":147756,"children":147757},"sum() vs manual loop",[147758,147760],{"id":147313,"depth":108,"text":147759},"Using sum()",{"id":147367,"depth":108,"text":147368},{"id":1742,"depth":86,"text":1743},{"id":1912,"depth":86,"text":1913,"children":147763},[147764,147766,147768,147770,147772],{"id":147632,"depth":108,"text":147765},"What does sum() return in Python?",{"id":147640,"depth":108,"text":147767},"Can sum() add strings in Python?",{"id":147655,"depth":108,"text":147769},"Can sum() work with floats?",{"id":147664,"depth":108,"text":147771},"What is the second argument in sum()?",{"id":147676,"depth":108,"text":147773},"Why does sum() give a TypeError?",{"id":1974,"depth":86,"text":1975},"Master python sum function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained",{"title":145897,"description":147775},"reference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained","pUBJSfP8YGcV7z25xWzkoWEl0bvqGBoLMBf338R4GWY",{"id":147782,"title":147783,"body":147784,"description":149186,"extension":2064,"meta":149187,"navigation":111,"path":149188,"seo":149189,"stem":149190,"__hash__":149191},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method.md","Python Tuple count() Method",{"type":7,"value":147785,"toc":149154},[147786,147792,147798,147801,147864,147870,147875,147879,147896,147910,147914,147934,147948,147950,148043,148045,148059,148061,148064,148153,148155,148163,148172,148174,148178,148199,148201,148293,148295,148316,148318,148322,148336,148338,148412,148414,148433,148437,148440,148463,148465,148576,148583,148591,148593,148599,148602,148645,148648,148671,148679,148683,148758,148764,148789,148796,148799,148802,148806,148811,148899,148907,148911,148914,148939,148943,149004,149008,149057,149067,149069,149074,149077,149083,149086,149090,149094,149100,149103,149111,149119,149121,149151],[10,147787,147789,147790,11397],{"id":147788},"python-tuple-count-method","Python Tuple ",[15,147791,57357],{},[20,147793,147794,147797],{},[15,147795,147796],{},"tuple.count()"," tells you how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[20,147799,147800],{},"Use it when you want to count matching values in a tuple without changing the tuple itself. This is helpful when checking for duplicates, repeated labels, or whether a value appears more than once.",[41,147802,147804],{"className":43,"code":147803,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3, 2)\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,147805,147806,147834,147852],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,147807,147808,147810,147812,147814,147816,147818,147820,147822,147824,147826,147828,147830,147832],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,147809,57],{"class":56},[50,147811,61],{"class":60},[50,147813,521],{"class":64},[50,147815,366],{"class":68},[50,147817,72],{"class":64},[50,147819,80],{"class":68},[50,147821,72],{"class":64},[50,147823,80],{"class":68},[50,147825,72],{"class":64},[50,147827,500],{"class":68},[50,147829,72],{"class":64},[50,147831,80],{"class":68},[50,147833,105],{"class":64},[50,147835,147836,147838,147840,147842,147844,147846,147848,147850],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,147837,89],{"class":56},[50,147839,61],{"class":60},[50,147841,4341],{"class":56},[50,147843,425],{"class":64},[50,147845,41329],{"class":101},[50,147847,98],{"class":64},[50,147849,1564],{"class":68},[50,147851,105],{"class":64},[50,147853,147854,147856,147858,147860,147862],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,147855,118],{"class":94},[50,147857,98],{"class":64},[50,147859,123],{"class":101},[50,147861,126],{"class":64},[50,147863,50840],{"class":129},[20,147865,920,147866,147869],{},[15,147867,147868],{},"tuple.count(value)"," to count how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[36,147871,153,147873,156],{"id":147872},"what-tuplecount-does",[15,147874,147796],{},[20,147876,147877,819],{},[15,147878,147868],{},[158,147880,147881,147887,147890,147893],{},[161,147882,147883,147884,147886],{},"Returns the number of times ",[15,147885,2570],{}," appears in the tuple",[161,147888,147889],{},"Checks the whole tuple",[161,147891,147892],{},"Returns an integer",[161,147894,147895],{},"Does not change the tuple",[20,147897,147898,147899,147901,147902,2976,147906,425],{},"Because tuples are read-only, methods like ",[15,147900,57357],{}," only inspect the data. If you are new to tuples, see ",[421,147903,147905],{"href":147904},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained\u002F","Python tuples explained",[421,147907,147909],{"href":147908},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple\u002F","creating a tuple",[36,147911,147913],{"id":147912},"method-syntax","Method syntax",[41,147915,147917],{"className":43,"code":147916,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_tuple.count(value)\n",[15,147918,147919],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,147920,147921,147924,147926,147928,147930,147932],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,147922,147923],{"class":56},"my_tuple",[50,147925,425],{"class":64},[50,147927,41329],{"class":101},[50,147929,98],{"class":64},[50,147931,2570],{"class":101},[50,147933,105],{"class":64},[158,147935,147936,147940,147943],{},[161,147937,147938,57522],{},[15,147939,2570],{},[161,147941,147942],{},"The comparison is based on equality",[161,147944,147945,147946],{},"If the value is not found, the result is ",[15,147947,2220],{},[222,147949,103148],{"id":103147},[41,147951,147953],{"className":43,"code":147952,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\"))  # 0\n",[15,147954,147955,147995,148019],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,147956,147957,147959,147961,147963,147965,147967,147969,147971,147973,147975,147977,147979,147981,147983,147985,147987,147989,147991,147993],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,147958,13149],{"class":56},[50,147960,61],{"class":60},[50,147962,521],{"class":64},[50,147964,811],{"class":604},[50,147966,13166],{"class":608},[50,147968,811],{"class":604},[50,147970,72],{"class":64},[50,147972,700],{"class":604},[50,147974,13183],{"class":608},[50,147976,811],{"class":604},[50,147978,72],{"class":64},[50,147980,700],{"class":604},[50,147982,13166],{"class":608},[50,147984,811],{"class":604},[50,147986,72],{"class":64},[50,147988,700],{"class":604},[50,147990,17525],{"class":608},[50,147992,811],{"class":604},[50,147994,105],{"class":64},[50,147996,147997,147999,148001,148003,148005,148007,148009,148011,148013,148015,148017],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,147998,118],{"class":94},[50,148000,98],{"class":64},[50,148002,17572],{"class":101},[50,148004,425],{"class":64},[50,148006,41329],{"class":101},[50,148008,98],{"class":64},[50,148010,811],{"class":604},[50,148012,13166],{"class":608},[50,148014,811],{"class":604},[50,148016,5440],{"class":64},[50,148018,57712],{"class":129},[50,148020,148021,148023,148025,148027,148029,148031,148033,148035,148037,148039,148041],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,148022,118],{"class":94},[50,148024,98],{"class":64},[50,148026,17572],{"class":101},[50,148028,425],{"class":64},[50,148030,41329],{"class":101},[50,148032,98],{"class":64},[50,148034,811],{"class":604},[50,148036,22593],{"class":608},[50,148038,811],{"class":604},[50,148040,5440],{"class":64},[50,148042,51316],{"class":129},[20,148044,20027],{},[158,148046,148047,148052],{},[161,148048,148049,148051],{},[15,148050,65453],{}," appears 2 times",[161,148053,148054,148056,148057],{},[15,148055,109844],{}," does not appear, so the result is ",[15,148058,2220],{},[36,148060,271],{"id":270},[20,148062,148063],{},"Here is a basic example with repeated values:",[41,148065,148067],{"className":43,"code":148066,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\", \"apple\")\n\nresult = fruits.count(\"apple\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,148068,148069,148117,148121,148143],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,148070,148071,148073,148075,148077,148079,148081,148083,148085,148087,148089,148091,148093,148095,148097,148099,148101,148103,148105,148107,148109,148111,148113,148115],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,148072,36307],{"class":56},[50,148074,61],{"class":60},[50,148076,521],{"class":64},[50,148078,811],{"class":604},[50,148080,1049],{"class":608},[50,148082,811],{"class":604},[50,148084,72],{"class":64},[50,148086,700],{"class":604},[50,148088,1058],{"class":608},[50,148090,811],{"class":604},[50,148092,72],{"class":64},[50,148094,700],{"class":604},[50,148096,1049],{"class":608},[50,148098,811],{"class":604},[50,148100,72],{"class":64},[50,148102,700],{"class":604},[50,148104,33291],{"class":608},[50,148106,811],{"class":604},[50,148108,72],{"class":64},[50,148110,700],{"class":604},[50,148112,1049],{"class":608},[50,148114,811],{"class":604},[50,148116,105],{"class":64},[50,148118,148119],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,148120,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,148122,148123,148125,148127,148129,148131,148133,148135,148137,148139,148141],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,148124,89],{"class":56},[50,148126,61],{"class":60},[50,148128,52920],{"class":56},[50,148130,425],{"class":64},[50,148132,41329],{"class":101},[50,148134,98],{"class":64},[50,148136,811],{"class":604},[50,148138,1049],{"class":608},[50,148140,811],{"class":604},[50,148142,105],{"class":64},[50,148144,148145,148147,148149,148151],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,148146,118],{"class":94},[50,148148,98],{"class":64},[50,148150,123],{"class":101},[50,148152,105],{"class":64},[20,148154,353],{},[41,148156,148157],{"className":43,"code":46687,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,148158,148159],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,148160,148161],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,148162,46687],{"class":68},[20,148164,148165,148167,148168,2494,148170,425],{},[15,148166,57900],{}," appears 3 times in the tuple, so ",[15,148169,57357],{},[15,148171,69],{},[36,148173,38090],{"id":38089},[20,148175,57611,148176,128659],{},[15,148177,57357],{},[158,148179,148180,148185,148190,148193],{},[161,148181,11499,148182,148184],{},[15,148183,2220],{}," when the value does not exist",[161,148186,11499,148187,148189],{},[15,148188,366],{}," when the value appears once",[161,148191,148192],{},"Returns a larger number when the value appears multiple times",[161,148194,148195,148196,148198],{},"The result can be used in ",[15,148197,7076],{}," statements and other conditions",[20,148200,1602],{},[41,148202,148204],{"className":43,"code":148203,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"answers = (\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\")\n\nif answers.count(\"yes\") > 1:\n    print(\"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\")\n",[15,148205,148206,148247,148251,148278],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,148207,148208,148211,148213,148215,148217,148219,148221,148223,148225,148227,148229,148231,148233,148235,148237,148239,148241,148243,148245],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,148209,148210],{"class":56},"answers ",[50,148212,61],{"class":60},[50,148214,521],{"class":64},[50,148216,811],{"class":604},[50,148218,8737],{"class":608},[50,148220,811],{"class":604},[50,148222,72],{"class":64},[50,148224,700],{"class":604},[50,148226,8677],{"class":608},[50,148228,811],{"class":604},[50,148230,72],{"class":64},[50,148232,700],{"class":604},[50,148234,8737],{"class":608},[50,148236,811],{"class":604},[50,148238,72],{"class":64},[50,148240,700],{"class":604},[50,148242,8737],{"class":608},[50,148244,811],{"class":604},[50,148246,105],{"class":64},[50,148248,148249],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,148250,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,148252,148253,148255,148258,148260,148262,148264,148266,148268,148270,148272,148274,148276],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,148254,7076],{"class":3957},[50,148256,148257],{"class":56}," answers",[50,148259,425],{"class":64},[50,148261,41329],{"class":101},[50,148263,98],{"class":64},[50,148265,811],{"class":604},[50,148267,8737],{"class":608},[50,148269,811],{"class":604},[50,148271,126],{"class":64},[50,148273,38464],{"class":60},[50,148275,75],{"class":68},[50,148277,6470],{"class":64},[50,148279,148280,148282,148284,148286,148289,148291],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,148281,8148],{"class":94},[50,148283,98],{"class":64},[50,148285,811],{"class":604},[50,148287,148288],{"class":608},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.",[50,148290,811],{"class":604},[50,148292,105],{"class":64},[20,148294,353],{},[41,148296,148298],{"className":43,"code":148297,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\n",[15,148299,148300],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,148301,148302,148305,148307,148309,148311,148314],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,148303,148304],{"class":56},"The answer ",[50,148306,611],{"class":604},[50,148308,8737],{"class":608},[50,148310,611],{"class":604},[50,148312,148313],{"class":56}," appears more than once",[50,148315,122303],{"class":64},[36,148317,41115],{"id":41114},[20,148319,35475,148320,104611],{},[15,148321,147796],{},[158,148323,148324,148327,148330,148333],{},[161,148325,148326],{},"Check whether a value appears in a tuple more than once",[161,148328,148329],{},"Count repeated answers or labels",[161,148331,148332],{},"Verify duplicates in small fixed collections",[161,148334,148335],{},"Make decisions based on how many matches were found",[20,148337,1602],{},[41,148339,148341],{"className":43,"code":148340,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"scores = (10, 20, 10, 30, 10)\n\nif scores.count(10) >= 2:\n    print(\"The score 10 is repeated.\")\n",[15,148342,148343,148371,148375,148397],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,148344,148345,148347,148349,148351,148353,148355,148357,148359,148361,148363,148365,148367,148369],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,148346,5143],{"class":56},[50,148348,61],{"class":60},[50,148350,521],{"class":64},[50,148352,1618],{"class":68},[50,148354,72],{"class":64},[50,148356,840],{"class":68},[50,148358,72],{"class":64},[50,148360,6082],{"class":68},[50,148362,72],{"class":64},[50,148364,1627],{"class":68},[50,148366,72],{"class":64},[50,148368,6082],{"class":68},[50,148370,105],{"class":64},[50,148372,148373],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,148374,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,148376,148377,148379,148381,148383,148385,148387,148389,148391,148393,148395],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,148378,7076],{"class":3957},[50,148380,5190],{"class":56},[50,148382,425],{"class":64},[50,148384,41329],{"class":101},[50,148386,98],{"class":64},[50,148388,1618],{"class":68},[50,148390,126],{"class":64},[50,148392,51357],{"class":60},[50,148394,80],{"class":68},[50,148396,6470],{"class":64},[50,148398,148399,148401,148403,148405,148408,148410],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,148400,8148],{"class":94},[50,148402,98],{"class":64},[50,148404,811],{"class":604},[50,148406,148407],{"class":608},"The score 10 is repeated.",[50,148409,811],{"class":604},[50,148411,105],{"class":64},[20,148413,353],{},[41,148415,148417],{"className":43,"code":148416,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"The score 10 is repeated.\n",[15,148418,148419],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,148420,148421,148424,148426,148428,148431],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,148422,148423],{"class":56},"The score ",[50,148425,1618],{"class":68},[50,148427,8175],{"class":60},[50,148429,148430],{"class":56}," repeated",[50,148432,122303],{"class":64},[36,148434,148436],{"id":148435},"things-beginners-should-know","Things beginners should know",[20,148438,148439],{},"There are a few important details to remember:",[158,148441,148442,148448,148453,148456],{},[161,148443,148444,148445,148447],{},"Tuples are immutable, but ",[15,148446,57357],{}," still works because it only reads data",[161,148449,148450,148452],{},[15,148451,57357],{}," counts exact matches",[161,148454,148455],{},"String matching is case-sensitive",[161,148457,148458,4472,148460,148462],{},[15,148459,366],{},[15,148461,42228],{}," compare as equal in Python",[20,148464,1602],{},[41,148466,148468],{"className":43,"code":148467,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"values = (1, 1.0, \"Cat\", \"cat\")\n\nprint(values.count(1))      # 2\nprint(values.count(\"Cat\"))  # 1\nprint(values.count(\"cat\"))  # 1\n",[15,148469,148470,148504,148508,148528,148552],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,148471,148472,148474,148476,148478,148480,148482,148485,148487,148489,148492,148494,148496,148498,148500,148502],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,148473,516],{"class":56},[50,148475,61],{"class":60},[50,148477,521],{"class":64},[50,148479,366],{"class":68},[50,148481,72],{"class":64},[50,148483,148484],{"class":68}," 1.0",[50,148486,72],{"class":64},[50,148488,700],{"class":604},[50,148490,148491],{"class":608},"Cat",[50,148493,811],{"class":604},[50,148495,72],{"class":64},[50,148497,700],{"class":604},[50,148499,37116],{"class":608},[50,148501,811],{"class":604},[50,148503,105],{"class":64},[50,148505,148506],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,148507,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,148509,148510,148512,148514,148516,148518,148520,148522,148524,148526],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,148511,118],{"class":94},[50,148513,98],{"class":64},[50,148515,546],{"class":101},[50,148517,425],{"class":64},[50,148519,41329],{"class":101},[50,148521,98],{"class":64},[50,148523,366],{"class":68},[50,148525,5440],{"class":64},[50,148527,51163],{"class":129},[50,148529,148530,148532,148534,148536,148538,148540,148542,148544,148546,148548,148550],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,148531,118],{"class":94},[50,148533,98],{"class":64},[50,148535,546],{"class":101},[50,148537,425],{"class":64},[50,148539,41329],{"class":101},[50,148541,98],{"class":64},[50,148543,811],{"class":604},[50,148545,148491],{"class":608},[50,148547,811],{"class":604},[50,148549,5440],{"class":64},[50,148551,27849],{"class":129},[50,148553,148554,148556,148558,148560,148562,148564,148566,148568,148570,148572,148574],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,148555,118],{"class":94},[50,148557,98],{"class":64},[50,148559,546],{"class":101},[50,148561,425],{"class":64},[50,148563,41329],{"class":101},[50,148565,98],{"class":64},[50,148567,811],{"class":604},[50,148569,37116],{"class":608},[50,148571,811],{"class":604},[50,148573,5440],{"class":64},[50,148575,27849],{"class":129},[20,148577,1963,148578,5239,148581,1943],{},[15,148579,148580],{},"values.count(1)",[15,148582,1564],{},[20,148584,8865,148585,4862,148588,148590],{},[15,148586,148587],{},"1 == 1.0",[15,148589,247],{},", so both values are counted as matches.",[36,148592,1743],{"id":1742},[222,148594,914,148596,148598],{"id":148595},"using-count-without-parentheses",[15,148597,41329],{}," without parentheses",[20,148600,148601],{},"This gives you the method itself, not the result.",[41,148603,148605],{"className":43,"code":148604,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers.count)\n",[15,148606,148607,148631],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,148608,148609,148611,148613,148615,148617,148619,148621,148623,148625,148627,148629],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,148610,57],{"class":56},[50,148612,61],{"class":60},[50,148614,521],{"class":64},[50,148616,366],{"class":68},[50,148618,72],{"class":64},[50,148620,80],{"class":68},[50,148622,72],{"class":64},[50,148624,80],{"class":68},[50,148626,72],{"class":64},[50,148628,500],{"class":68},[50,148630,105],{"class":64},[50,148632,148633,148635,148637,148639,148641,148643],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,148634,118],{"class":94},[50,148636,98],{"class":64},[50,148638,102],{"class":101},[50,148640,425],{"class":64},[50,148642,41329],{"class":1400},[50,148644,105],{"class":64},[20,148646,148647],{},"To call the method correctly:",[41,148649,148651],{"className":43,"code":148650,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(numbers.count(2))\n",[15,148652,148653],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,148654,148655,148657,148659,148661,148663,148665,148667,148669],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,148656,118],{"class":94},[50,148658,98],{"class":64},[50,148660,102],{"class":101},[50,148662,425],{"class":64},[50,148664,41329],{"class":101},[50,148666,98],{"class":64},[50,148668,1564],{"class":68},[50,148670,478],{"class":64},[222,148672,8532,148673,8535,148675,2976,148677],{"id":58660},[15,148674,57357],{},[15,148676,247],{},[15,148678,218],{},[20,148680,148681,58671],{},[15,148682,57357],{},[41,148684,148686],{"className":43,"code":148685,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"a\")\nresult = letters.count(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 2\n",[15,148687,148688,148720,148742,148746],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,148689,148690,148692,148694,148696,148698,148700,148702,148704,148706,148708,148710,148712,148714,148716,148718],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,148691,36160],{"class":56},[50,148693,61],{"class":60},[50,148695,521],{"class":64},[50,148697,811],{"class":604},[50,148699,421],{"class":608},[50,148701,811],{"class":604},[50,148703,72],{"class":64},[50,148705,700],{"class":604},[50,148707,4839],{"class":608},[50,148709,811],{"class":604},[50,148711,72],{"class":64},[50,148713,700],{"class":604},[50,148715,421],{"class":608},[50,148717,811],{"class":604},[50,148719,105],{"class":64},[50,148721,148722,148724,148726,148728,148730,148732,148734,148736,148738,148740],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,148723,89],{"class":56},[50,148725,61],{"class":60},[50,148727,70157],{"class":56},[50,148729,425],{"class":64},[50,148731,41329],{"class":101},[50,148733,98],{"class":64},[50,148735,811],{"class":604},[50,148737,421],{"class":608},[50,148739,811],{"class":604},[50,148741,105],{"class":64},[50,148743,148744],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,148745,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,148747,148748,148750,148752,148754,148756],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,148749,118],{"class":94},[50,148751,98],{"class":64},[50,148753,123],{"class":101},[50,148755,126],{"class":64},[50,148757,51484],{"class":129},[20,148759,148760,148761,148763],{},"If you only want to check whether a value exists, using ",[15,148762,3964],{}," is often simpler:",[41,148765,148767],{"className":43,"code":148766,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(\"a\" in letters)  # True\n",[15,148768,148769],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,148770,148771,148773,148775,148777,148779,148781,148783,148785,148787],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,148772,118],{"class":94},[50,148774,98],{"class":64},[50,148776,811],{"class":604},[50,148778,421],{"class":608},[50,148780,811],{"class":604},[50,148782,21243],{"class":3957},[50,148784,70157],{"class":101},[50,148786,126],{"class":64},[50,148788,3747],{"class":129},[222,148790,37273,148792,8784,148794],{"id":148791},"confusing-tuplecount-with-listcount",[15,148793,147796],{},[15,148795,57362],{},[20,148797,148798],{},"Both methods work in a similar way, but one is for tuples and one is for lists. A tuple cannot be changed, while a list can.",[20,148800,148801],{},"If you need a changeable collection, use a list instead.",[222,148803,148805],{"id":148804},"expecting-partial-string-matches","Expecting partial string matches",[20,148807,148808,148810],{},[15,148809,57357],{}," looks for exact tuple items, not part of a string.",[41,148812,148814],{"className":43,"code":148813,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = (\"apple\", \"pineapple\", \"apple\")\nprint(words.count(\"app\"))    # 0\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\n",[15,148815,148816,148849,148875],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,148817,148818,148820,148822,148824,148826,148828,148830,148832,148834,148837,148839,148841,148843,148845,148847],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,148819,1040],{"class":56},[50,148821,61],{"class":60},[50,148823,521],{"class":64},[50,148825,811],{"class":604},[50,148827,1049],{"class":608},[50,148829,811],{"class":604},[50,148831,72],{"class":64},[50,148833,700],{"class":604},[50,148835,148836],{"class":608},"pineapple",[50,148838,811],{"class":604},[50,148840,72],{"class":64},[50,148842,700],{"class":604},[50,148844,1049],{"class":608},[50,148846,811],{"class":604},[50,148848,105],{"class":64},[50,148850,148851,148853,148855,148857,148859,148861,148863,148865,148868,148870,148872],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,148852,118],{"class":94},[50,148854,98],{"class":64},[50,148856,1088],{"class":101},[50,148858,425],{"class":64},[50,148860,41329],{"class":101},[50,148862,98],{"class":64},[50,148864,811],{"class":604},[50,148866,148867],{"class":608},"app",[50,148869,811],{"class":604},[50,148871,5440],{"class":64},[50,148873,148874],{"class":129},"    # 0\n",[50,148876,148877,148879,148881,148883,148885,148887,148889,148891,148893,148895,148897],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,148878,118],{"class":94},[50,148880,98],{"class":64},[50,148882,1088],{"class":101},[50,148884,425],{"class":64},[50,148886,41329],{"class":101},[50,148888,98],{"class":64},[50,148890,811],{"class":604},[50,148892,1049],{"class":608},[50,148894,811],{"class":604},[50,148896,5440],{"class":64},[50,148898,51484],{"class":129},[20,148900,148901,148904,148905,425],{},[15,148902,148903],{},"\"app\""," is not an exact item in the tuple, so the result is ",[15,148906,2220],{},[36,148908,148910],{"id":148909},"when-to-use-something-else","When to use something else",[20,148912,148913],{},"Sometimes another tool is a better fit:",[158,148915,148916,148921,148930,148936],{},[161,148917,920,148918,148920],{},[15,148919,3964],{}," to check only whether a value exists",[161,148922,920,148923,148929],{},[421,148924,148926,148927],{"href":148925},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method\u002F","tuple ",[15,148928,59035],{}," to find the position of a value",[161,148931,920,148932,148935],{},[15,148933,148934],{},"collections.Counter"," when you want to count many different values",[161,148937,148938],{},"Use a list if you need a changeable collection",[20,148940,46110,148941,819],{},[15,148942,3964],{},[41,148944,148946],{"className":43,"code":148945,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = (4, 7, 9)\n\nprint(7 in numbers)   # True\nprint(5 in numbers)   # False\n",[15,148947,148948,148968,148972,148988],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,148949,148950,148952,148954,148956,148958,148960,148962,148964,148966],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,148951,57],{"class":56},[50,148953,61],{"class":60},[50,148955,521],{"class":64},[50,148957,2602],{"class":68},[50,148959,72],{"class":64},[50,148961,6071],{"class":68},[50,148963,72],{"class":64},[50,148965,54205],{"class":68},[50,148967,105],{"class":64},[50,148969,148970],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,148971,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,148973,148974,148976,148978,148980,148982,148984,148986],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,148975,118],{"class":94},[50,148977,98],{"class":64},[50,148979,2127],{"class":68},[50,148981,21243],{"class":3957},[50,148983,4341],{"class":101},[50,148985,126],{"class":64},[50,148987,43924],{"class":129},[50,148989,148990,148992,148994,148996,148998,149000,149002],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,148991,118],{"class":94},[50,148993,98],{"class":64},[50,148995,290],{"class":68},[50,148997,21243],{"class":3957},[50,148999,4341],{"class":101},[50,149001,126],{"class":64},[50,149003,43941],{"class":129},[20,149005,46110,149006,819],{},[15,149007,59035],{},[41,149009,149011],{"className":43,"code":149010,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = (4, 7, 9, 7)\nprint(numbers.index(7))  # 1\n",[15,149012,149013,149037],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,149014,149015,149017,149019,149021,149023,149025,149027,149029,149031,149033,149035],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,149016,57],{"class":56},[50,149018,61],{"class":60},[50,149020,521],{"class":64},[50,149022,2602],{"class":68},[50,149024,72],{"class":64},[50,149026,6071],{"class":68},[50,149028,72],{"class":64},[50,149030,54205],{"class":68},[50,149032,72],{"class":64},[50,149034,6071],{"class":68},[50,149036,105],{"class":64},[50,149038,149039,149041,149043,149045,149047,149049,149051,149053,149055],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,149040,118],{"class":94},[50,149042,98],{"class":64},[50,149044,102],{"class":101},[50,149046,425],{"class":64},[50,149048,35915],{"class":101},[50,149050,98],{"class":64},[50,149052,2127],{"class":68},[50,149054,5440],{"class":64},[50,149056,27849],{"class":129},[20,149058,149059,149061,149062,149064,149066],{},[15,149060,57357],{}," tells you how many times a value appears.",[9924,149063],{},[15,149065,59035],{}," tells you where the first match appears.",[36,149068,1913],{"id":1912},[222,149070,1927,149072,5224],{"id":149071},"what-does-tuplecount-return-in-python",[15,149073,147796],{},[20,149075,149076],{},"It returns an integer showing how many times the given value appears in the tuple.",[222,149078,1917,149080,149082],{"id":149079},"does-tuplecount-change-the-tuple",[15,149081,147796],{}," change the tuple?",[20,149084,149085],{},"No. It only reads the tuple and returns a count.",[222,149087,149089],{"id":149088},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-tuple","What happens if the value is not in the tuple?",[20,149091,11985,149092,425],{},[15,149093,2220],{},[222,149095,5248,149097,149099],{"id":149096},"can-tuplecount-count-strings",[15,149098,147796],{}," count strings?",[20,149101,149102],{},"Yes. It can count strings, numbers, booleans, and other values stored in the tuple.",[222,149104,5258,149106,4472,149108,1943],{"id":149105},"what-is-the-difference-between-tuplecount-and-tupleindex",[15,149107,147796],{},[15,149109,149110],{},"tuple.index()",[20,149112,149113,149115,149116,149118],{},[15,149114,57357],{}," returns how many times a value appears. ",[15,149117,59035],{}," returns the position of the first match.",[36,149120,1975],{"id":1974},[158,149122,149123,149127,149132,149139,149147],{},[161,149124,149125],{},[421,149126,147905],{"href":147904},[161,149128,149129],{},[421,149130,149131],{"href":147908},"Python tuple creating a tuple",[161,149133,149134],{},[421,149135,149136,149137,10816],{"href":148925},"Python tuple ",[15,149138,59035],{},[161,149140,149141],{},[421,149142,149144,149145],{"href":149143},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len\u002F","Python tuple length with ",[15,149146,1454],{},[161,149148,149149],{},[421,149150,59023],{"href":59022},[2018,149152,149153],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":149155},[149156,149158,149161,149162,149163,149164,149165,149173,149174,149185],{"id":147872,"depth":86,"text":149157},"What tuple.count() does",{"id":147912,"depth":86,"text":147913,"children":149159},[149160],{"id":103147,"depth":108,"text":103148},{"id":270,"depth":86,"text":271},{"id":38089,"depth":86,"text":38090},{"id":41114,"depth":86,"text":41115},{"id":148435,"depth":86,"text":148436},{"id":1742,"depth":86,"text":1743,"children":149166},[149167,149169,149170,149172],{"id":148595,"depth":108,"text":149168},"Using count without parentheses",{"id":58660,"depth":108,"text":59076},{"id":148791,"depth":108,"text":149171},"Confusing tuple.count() with list.count()",{"id":148804,"depth":108,"text":148805},{"id":148909,"depth":86,"text":148910},{"id":1912,"depth":86,"text":1913,"children":149175},[149176,149178,149180,149181,149183],{"id":149071,"depth":108,"text":149177},"What does tuple.count() return in Python?",{"id":149079,"depth":108,"text":149179},"Does tuple.count() change the tuple?",{"id":149088,"depth":108,"text":149089},{"id":149096,"depth":108,"text":149182},"Can tuple.count() count strings?",{"id":149105,"depth":108,"text":149184},"What is the difference between tuple.count() and tuple.index()?",{"id":1974,"depth":86,"text":1975},"Master python tuple count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method",{"title":147783,"description":149186},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method","kaAqrDbPTszVe1OqbZgoePawtZs2amhp3rmhBeJurOY",{"id":149193,"title":149194,"body":149195,"description":150882,"extension":2064,"meta":150883,"navigation":111,"path":150884,"seo":150885,"stem":150886,"__hash__":150887},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple.md","Python Tuple: Creating a Tuple",{"type":7,"value":149196,"toc":150845},[149197,149200,149203,149212,149214,149344,149346,149407,149413,149415,149435,149439,149442,149445,149480,149482,149503,149506,149545,149547,149572,149579,149583,149586,149623,149625,149648,149651,149654,149666,149672,149676,149679,149685,149726,149728,149751,149754,149795,149797,149824,149826,149843,149845,149862,149865,149869,149872,149874,149908,149910,149957,149961,150000,150004,150007,150064,150066,150107,150113,150119,150124,150126,150163,150165,150185,150187,150220,150222,150255,150258,150262,150295,150297,150322,150325,150327,150341,150348,150350,150353,150357,150360,150395,150398,150433,150437,150440,150479,150482,150521,150525,150527,150557,150560,150567,150569,150601,150604,150636,150639,150670,150672,150689,150693,150696,150760,150762,150766,150773,150777,150780,150784,150787,150791,150794,150799,150805,150807,150842],[10,149198,149194],{"id":149199},"python-tuple-creating-a-tuple",[20,149201,149202],{},"A tuple is a simple way to store multiple values in one object. This page shows how to create tuples in Python, including empty tuples, one-item tuples, and tuples made from other iterable values.",[20,149204,149205,149206,2976,149210,425],{},"The focus here is only on tuple creation syntax. If you want a general introduction, see ",[421,149207,149209],{"href":149208},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python\u002F","what is a tuple in Python",[421,149211,147905],{"href":147904},[36,149213,2105],{"id":2104},[41,149215,149217],{"className":43,"code":149216,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nempty = ()\none_item = (5,)\nfrom_list = tuple([\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"])\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(empty)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(from_list)\n",[15,149218,149219,149239,149248,149262,149298,149302,149312,149322,149333],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,149220,149221,149223,149225,149227,149229,149231,149233,149235,149237],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,149222,57],{"class":56},[50,149224,61],{"class":60},[50,149226,521],{"class":64},[50,149228,366],{"class":68},[50,149230,72],{"class":64},[50,149232,80],{"class":68},[50,149234,72],{"class":64},[50,149236,500],{"class":68},[50,149238,105],{"class":64},[50,149240,149241,149243,149245],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,149242,124769],{"class":56},[50,149244,61],{"class":60},[50,149246,149247],{"class":64}," ()\n",[50,149249,149250,149253,149255,149257,149259],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,149251,149252],{"class":56},"one_item ",[50,149254,61],{"class":60},[50,149256,521],{"class":64},[50,149258,290],{"class":68},[50,149260,149261],{"class":64},",)\n",[50,149263,149264,149267,149269,149272,149274,149276,149278,149280,149282,149284,149286,149288,149290,149292,149294,149296],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,149265,149266],{"class":56},"from_list ",[50,149268,61],{"class":60},[50,149270,149271],{"class":557}," tuple",[50,149273,1792],{"class":64},[50,149275,811],{"class":604},[50,149277,421],{"class":608},[50,149279,811],{"class":604},[50,149281,72],{"class":64},[50,149283,700],{"class":604},[50,149285,4839],{"class":608},[50,149287,811],{"class":604},[50,149289,72],{"class":64},[50,149291,700],{"class":604},[50,149293,9817],{"class":608},[50,149295,811],{"class":604},[50,149297,3970],{"class":64},[50,149299,149300],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,149301,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,149303,149304,149306,149308,149310],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,149305,118],{"class":94},[50,149307,98],{"class":64},[50,149309,102],{"class":101},[50,149311,105],{"class":64},[50,149313,149314,149316,149318,149320],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,149315,118],{"class":94},[50,149317,98],{"class":64},[50,149319,124820],{"class":101},[50,149321,105],{"class":64},[50,149323,149324,149326,149328,149331],{"class":52,"line":6503},[50,149325,118],{"class":94},[50,149327,98],{"class":64},[50,149329,149330],{"class":101},"one_item",[50,149332,105],{"class":64},[50,149334,149335,149337,149339,149342],{"class":52,"line":6509},[50,149336,118],{"class":94},[50,149338,98],{"class":64},[50,149340,149341],{"class":101},"from_list",[50,149343,105],{"class":64},[20,149345,353],{},[41,149347,149349],{"className":43,"code":149348,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"(1, 2, 3)\n()\n(5,)\n('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,149350,149351,149367,149371,149379],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,149352,149353,149355,149357,149359,149361,149363,149365],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,149354,98],{"class":64},[50,149356,366],{"class":68},[50,149358,72],{"class":64},[50,149360,80],{"class":68},[50,149362,72],{"class":64},[50,149364,500],{"class":68},[50,149366,105],{"class":64},[50,149368,149369],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,149370,8722],{"class":64},[50,149372,149373,149375,149377],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,149374,98],{"class":64},[50,149376,290],{"class":68},[50,149378,149261],{"class":64},[50,149380,149381,149383,149385,149387,149389,149391,149393,149395,149397,149399,149401,149403,149405],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,149382,98],{"class":64},[50,149384,611],{"class":604},[50,149386,421],{"class":608},[50,149388,611],{"class":604},[50,149390,72],{"class":64},[50,149392,605],{"class":604},[50,149394,4839],{"class":608},[50,149396,611],{"class":604},[50,149398,72],{"class":64},[50,149400,605],{"class":604},[50,149402,9817],{"class":608},[50,149404,611],{"class":604},[50,149406,105],{"class":64},[20,149408,149409,149410,425],{},"Use parentheses for most tuples. For one item, add a trailing comma: ",[15,149411,149412],{},"(5,)",[36,149414,15235],{"id":15234},[158,149416,149417,149420,149423,149426,149429,149432],{},[161,149418,149419],{},"What a tuple is at a basic level",[161,149421,149422],{},"How to create tuples with literal syntax",[161,149424,149425],{},"How to create an empty tuple",[161,149427,149428],{},"How to create a tuple with one item",[161,149430,149431],{},"How to create a tuple from a list, string, or other iterable",[161,149433,149434],{},"When tuple creation is useful",[36,149436,149438],{"id":149437},"basic-tuple-creation","Basic tuple creation",[20,149440,149441],{},"A tuple is an ordered collection of values.",[20,149443,149444],{},"Tuples are usually written with parentheses, and items are separated by commas.",[41,149446,149448],{"className":43,"code":149447,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,149449,149450,149470],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,149451,149452,149454,149456,149458,149460,149462,149464,149466,149468],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,149453,57],{"class":56},[50,149455,61],{"class":60},[50,149457,521],{"class":64},[50,149459,366],{"class":68},[50,149461,72],{"class":64},[50,149463,80],{"class":68},[50,149465,72],{"class":64},[50,149467,500],{"class":68},[50,149469,105],{"class":64},[50,149471,149472,149474,149476,149478],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,149473,118],{"class":94},[50,149475,98],{"class":64},[50,149477,102],{"class":101},[50,149479,105],{"class":64},[20,149481,353],{},[41,149483,149485],{"className":43,"code":149484,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,149486,149487],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,149488,149489,149491,149493,149495,149497,149499,149501],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,149490,98],{"class":64},[50,149492,366],{"class":68},[50,149494,72],{"class":64},[50,149496,80],{"class":68},[50,149498,72],{"class":64},[50,149500,500],{"class":68},[50,149502,105],{"class":64},[20,149504,149505],{},"A tuple can also store different data types:",[41,149507,149509],{"className":43,"code":149508,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(data)\n",[15,149510,149511,149535],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,149512,149513,149515,149517,149519,149521,149523,149525,149527,149529,149531,149533],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,149514,9246],{"class":56},[50,149516,61],{"class":60},[50,149518,521],{"class":64},[50,149520,366],{"class":68},[50,149522,72],{"class":64},[50,149524,700],{"class":604},[50,149526,1049],{"class":608},[50,149528,811],{"class":604},[50,149530,72],{"class":64},[50,149532,3997],{"class":207},[50,149534,105],{"class":64},[50,149536,149537,149539,149541,149543],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,149538,118],{"class":94},[50,149540,98],{"class":64},[50,149542,9284],{"class":101},[50,149544,105],{"class":64},[20,149546,353],{},[41,149548,149550],{"className":43,"code":149549,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"(1, 'apple', True)\n",[15,149551,149552],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,149553,149554,149556,149558,149560,149562,149564,149566,149568,149570],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,149555,98],{"class":64},[50,149557,366],{"class":68},[50,149559,72],{"class":64},[50,149561,605],{"class":604},[50,149563,1049],{"class":608},[50,149565,611],{"class":604},[50,149567,72],{"class":64},[50,149569,3997],{"class":207},[50,149571,105],{"class":64},[20,149573,149574,149575,425],{},"If you later want to get values out of a tuple by position, see ",[421,149576,149578],{"href":149577},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained\u002F","Python tuple indexing explained",[36,149580,149582],{"id":149581},"create-an-empty-tuple","Create an empty tuple",[20,149584,149585],{},"Use empty parentheses to create an empty tuple:",[41,149587,149589],{"className":43,"code":149588,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"empty = ()\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,149590,149591,149599,149609],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,149592,149593,149595,149597],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,149594,124769],{"class":56},[50,149596,61],{"class":60},[50,149598,149247],{"class":64},[50,149600,149601,149603,149605,149607],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,149602,118],{"class":94},[50,149604,98],{"class":64},[50,149606,124820],{"class":101},[50,149608,105],{"class":64},[50,149610,149611,149613,149615,149617,149619,149621],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,149612,118],{"class":94},[50,149614,98],{"class":64},[50,149616,558],{"class":557},[50,149618,98],{"class":64},[50,149620,124820],{"class":101},[50,149622,478],{"class":64},[20,149624,353],{},[41,149626,149628],{"className":43,"code":149627,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"()\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,149629,149630,149634],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,149631,149632],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,149633,8722],{"class":64},[50,149635,149636,149638,149640,149642,149644,149646],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,149637,597],{"class":60},[50,149639,601],{"class":600},[50,149641,605],{"class":604},[50,149643,505],{"class":608},[50,149645,611],{"class":604},[50,149647,614],{"class":60},[20,149649,149650],{},"An empty tuple can be useful as a starting value.",[20,149652,149653],{},"It is different from an empty list:",[158,149655,149656,149661],{},[161,149657,149658,149659],{},"Empty tuple: ",[15,149660,7445],{},[161,149662,149663,149664],{},"Empty list: ",[15,149665,3868],{},[20,149667,149668,149669,425],{},"If you want to compare tuple and list creation, see ",[421,149670,149671],{"href":57221},"Python list: creating a list",[36,149673,149675],{"id":149674},"create-a-tuple-with-one-item","Create a tuple with one item",[20,149677,149678],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake.",[20,149680,149681,149682,149684],{},"A single value inside parentheses is ",[3824,149683,4709],{}," automatically a tuple:",[41,149686,149688],{"className":43,"code":149687,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = (5)\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,149689,149690,149702,149712],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,149691,149692,149694,149696,149698,149700],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,149693,2544],{"class":56},[50,149695,61],{"class":60},[50,149697,521],{"class":64},[50,149699,290],{"class":68},[50,149701,105],{"class":64},[50,149703,149704,149706,149708,149710],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,149705,118],{"class":94},[50,149707,98],{"class":64},[50,149709,2570],{"class":101},[50,149711,105],{"class":64},[50,149713,149714,149716,149718,149720,149722,149724],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,149715,118],{"class":94},[50,149717,98],{"class":64},[50,149719,558],{"class":557},[50,149721,98],{"class":64},[50,149723,2570],{"class":101},[50,149725,478],{"class":64},[20,149727,353],{},[41,149729,149731],{"className":43,"code":149730,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"5\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,149732,149733,149737],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,149734,149735],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,149736,3044],{"class":68},[50,149738,149739,149741,149743,149745,149747,149749],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,149740,597],{"class":60},[50,149742,601],{"class":600},[50,149744,605],{"class":604},[50,149746,2288],{"class":608},[50,149748,611],{"class":604},[50,149750,614],{"class":60},[20,149752,149753],{},"To create a tuple with one item, you must add a trailing comma:",[41,149755,149757],{"className":43,"code":149756,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"one_item = (5,)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(type(one_item))\n",[15,149758,149759,149771,149781],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,149760,149761,149763,149765,149767,149769],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,149762,149252],{"class":56},[50,149764,61],{"class":60},[50,149766,521],{"class":64},[50,149768,290],{"class":68},[50,149770,149261],{"class":64},[50,149772,149773,149775,149777,149779],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,149774,118],{"class":94},[50,149776,98],{"class":64},[50,149778,149330],{"class":101},[50,149780,105],{"class":64},[50,149782,149783,149785,149787,149789,149791,149793],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,149784,118],{"class":94},[50,149786,98],{"class":64},[50,149788,558],{"class":557},[50,149790,98],{"class":64},[50,149792,149330],{"class":101},[50,149794,478],{"class":64},[20,149796,353],{},[41,149798,149800],{"className":43,"code":149799,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"(5,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,149801,149802,149810],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,149803,149804,149806,149808],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,149805,98],{"class":64},[50,149807,290],{"class":68},[50,149809,149261],{"class":64},[50,149811,149812,149814,149816,149818,149820,149822],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,149813,597],{"class":60},[50,149815,601],{"class":600},[50,149817,605],{"class":604},[50,149819,505],{"class":608},[50,149821,611],{"class":604},[50,149823,614],{"class":60},[20,149825,16727],{},[41,149827,149829],{"className":43,"code":149828,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"(\"apple\",)\n",[15,149830,149831],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,149832,149833,149835,149837,149839,149841],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,149834,98],{"class":64},[50,149836,811],{"class":604},[50,149838,1049],{"class":608},[50,149840,811],{"class":604},[50,149842,149261],{"class":64},[20,149844,16715],{},[41,149846,149848],{"className":43,"code":149847,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"(\"apple\")\n",[15,149849,149850],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,149851,149852,149854,149856,149858,149860],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,149853,98],{"class":64},[50,149855,811],{"class":604},[50,149857,1049],{"class":608},[50,149859,811],{"class":604},[50,149861,105],{"class":64},[20,149863,149864],{},"The comma is what makes it a tuple.",[36,149866,149868],{"id":149867},"create-tuples-with-different-value-types","Create tuples with different value types",[20,149870,149871],{},"A tuple can contain many kinds of values.",[222,149873,56529],{"id":102},[41,149875,149876],{"className":43,"code":149447,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,149877,149878,149898],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,149879,149880,149882,149884,149886,149888,149890,149892,149894,149896],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,149881,57],{"class":56},[50,149883,61],{"class":60},[50,149885,521],{"class":64},[50,149887,366],{"class":68},[50,149889,72],{"class":64},[50,149891,80],{"class":68},[50,149893,72],{"class":64},[50,149895,500],{"class":68},[50,149897,105],{"class":64},[50,149899,149900,149902,149904,149906],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,149901,118],{"class":94},[50,149903,98],{"class":64},[50,149905,102],{"class":101},[50,149907,105],{"class":64},[222,149909,56532],{"id":5388},[41,149911,149913],{"className":43,"code":149912,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,149914,149915,149947],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,149916,149917,149919,149921,149923,149925,149927,149929,149931,149933,149935,149937,149939,149941,149943,149945],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,149918,13149],{"class":56},[50,149920,61],{"class":60},[50,149922,521],{"class":64},[50,149924,811],{"class":604},[50,149926,13166],{"class":608},[50,149928,811],{"class":604},[50,149930,72],{"class":64},[50,149932,700],{"class":604},[50,149934,17525],{"class":608},[50,149936,811],{"class":604},[50,149938,72],{"class":64},[50,149940,700],{"class":604},[50,149942,13183],{"class":608},[50,149944,811],{"class":604},[50,149946,105],{"class":64},[50,149948,149949,149951,149953,149955],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,149950,118],{"class":94},[50,149952,98],{"class":64},[50,149954,17572],{"class":101},[50,149956,105],{"class":64},[222,149958,149960],{"id":149959},"mixed-values","Mixed values",[41,149962,149964],{"className":43,"code":149963,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"mixed = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,149965,149966,149990],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,149967,149968,149970,149972,149974,149976,149978,149980,149982,149984,149986,149988],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,149969,59540],{"class":56},[50,149971,61],{"class":60},[50,149973,521],{"class":64},[50,149975,366],{"class":68},[50,149977,72],{"class":64},[50,149979,700],{"class":604},[50,149981,1049],{"class":608},[50,149983,811],{"class":604},[50,149985,72],{"class":64},[50,149987,3997],{"class":207},[50,149989,105],{"class":64},[50,149991,149992,149994,149996,149998],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,149993,118],{"class":94},[50,149995,98],{"class":64},[50,149997,59593],{"class":101},[50,149999,105],{"class":64},[222,150001,150003],{"id":150002},"nested-values","Nested values",[20,150005,150006],{},"You can also put other collections inside a tuple:",[41,150008,150010],{"className":43,"code":150009,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"nested = (1, (\"a\", \"b\"), [10, 20])\nprint(nested)\n",[15,150011,150012,150053],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,150013,150014,150017,150019,150021,150023,150025,150027,150029,150031,150033,150035,150037,150039,150041,150043,150045,150047,150049,150051],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,150015,150016],{"class":56},"nested ",[50,150018,61],{"class":60},[50,150020,521],{"class":64},[50,150022,366],{"class":68},[50,150024,72],{"class":64},[50,150026,521],{"class":64},[50,150028,811],{"class":604},[50,150030,421],{"class":608},[50,150032,811],{"class":604},[50,150034,72],{"class":64},[50,150036,700],{"class":604},[50,150038,4839],{"class":608},[50,150040,811],{"class":604},[50,150042,9313],{"class":64},[50,150044,65],{"class":64},[50,150046,1618],{"class":68},[50,150048,72],{"class":64},[50,150050,840],{"class":68},[50,150052,3970],{"class":64},[50,150054,150055,150057,150059,150062],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,150056,118],{"class":94},[50,150058,98],{"class":64},[50,150060,150061],{"class":101},"nested",[50,150063,105],{"class":64},[20,150065,353],{},[41,150067,150069],{"className":43,"code":150068,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"(1, ('a', 'b'), [10, 20])\n",[15,150070,150071],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,150072,150073,150075,150077,150079,150081,150083,150085,150087,150089,150091,150093,150095,150097,150099,150101,150103,150105],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,150074,98],{"class":64},[50,150076,366],{"class":68},[50,150078,72],{"class":64},[50,150080,521],{"class":64},[50,150082,611],{"class":604},[50,150084,421],{"class":608},[50,150086,611],{"class":604},[50,150088,72],{"class":64},[50,150090,605],{"class":604},[50,150092,4839],{"class":608},[50,150094,611],{"class":604},[50,150096,9313],{"class":64},[50,150098,65],{"class":64},[50,150100,1618],{"class":68},[50,150102,72],{"class":64},[50,150104,840],{"class":68},[50,150106,3970],{"class":64},[36,150108,150110,150111],{"id":150109},"create-a-tuple-with-tuple","Create a tuple with ",[15,150112,38116],{},[20,150114,150115,150116,150118],{},"You can use the built-in ",[15,150117,38116],{}," function to convert another iterable into a tuple.",[20,150120,150121,150122,425],{},"If you want more detail about this function, see ",[421,150123,63281],{"href":63280},[222,150125,105288],{"id":105287},[41,150127,150129],{"className":43,"code":150128,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = tuple([1, 2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,150130,150131,150153],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,150132,150133,150135,150137,150139,150141,150143,150145,150147,150149,150151],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,150134,57],{"class":56},[50,150136,61],{"class":60},[50,150138,149271],{"class":557},[50,150140,1792],{"class":64},[50,150142,366],{"class":68},[50,150144,72],{"class":64},[50,150146,80],{"class":68},[50,150148,72],{"class":64},[50,150150,500],{"class":68},[50,150152,3970],{"class":64},[50,150154,150155,150157,150159,150161],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,150156,118],{"class":94},[50,150158,98],{"class":64},[50,150160,102],{"class":101},[50,150162,105],{"class":64},[20,150164,353],{},[41,150166,150167],{"className":43,"code":149484,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,150168,150169],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,150170,150171,150173,150175,150177,150179,150181,150183],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,150172,98],{"class":64},[50,150174,366],{"class":68},[50,150176,72],{"class":64},[50,150178,80],{"class":68},[50,150180,72],{"class":64},[50,150182,500],{"class":68},[50,150184,105],{"class":64},[222,150186,105474],{"id":105473},[41,150188,150190],{"className":43,"code":150189,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"letters = tuple(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,150191,150192,150210],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,150193,150194,150196,150198,150200,150202,150204,150206,150208],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,150195,36160],{"class":56},[50,150197,61],{"class":60},[50,150199,149271],{"class":557},[50,150201,98],{"class":64},[50,150203,811],{"class":604},[50,150205,41630],{"class":608},[50,150207,811],{"class":604},[50,150209,105],{"class":64},[50,150211,150212,150214,150216,150218],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,150213,118],{"class":94},[50,150215,98],{"class":64},[50,150217,36213],{"class":101},[50,150219,105],{"class":64},[20,150221,353],{},[41,150223,150225],{"className":43,"code":150224,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,150226,150227],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,150228,150229,150231,150233,150235,150237,150239,150241,150243,150245,150247,150249,150251,150253],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,150230,98],{"class":64},[50,150232,611],{"class":604},[50,150234,421],{"class":608},[50,150236,611],{"class":604},[50,150238,72],{"class":64},[50,150240,605],{"class":604},[50,150242,4839],{"class":608},[50,150244,611],{"class":604},[50,150246,72],{"class":64},[50,150248,605],{"class":604},[50,150250,9817],{"class":608},[50,150252,611],{"class":604},[50,150254,105],{"class":64},[20,150256,150257],{},"This works because a string is iterable, so Python goes through it one character at a time.",[222,150259,150261],{"id":150260},"from-another-iterable","From another iterable",[41,150263,150265],{"className":43,"code":150264,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"values = tuple(range(4))\nprint(values)\n",[15,150266,150267,150285],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,150268,150269,150271,150273,150275,150277,150279,150281,150283],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,150270,516],{"class":56},[50,150272,61],{"class":60},[50,150274,149271],{"class":557},[50,150276,98],{"class":64},[50,150278,60066],{"class":94},[50,150280,98],{"class":64},[50,150282,2602],{"class":68},[50,150284,478],{"class":64},[50,150286,150287,150289,150291,150293],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,150288,118],{"class":94},[50,150290,98],{"class":64},[50,150292,546],{"class":101},[50,150294,105],{"class":64},[20,150296,353],{},[41,150298,150300],{"className":43,"code":150299,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"(0, 1, 2, 3)\n",[15,150301,150302],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,150303,150304,150306,150308,150310,150312,150314,150316,150318,150320],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,150305,98],{"class":64},[50,150307,2220],{"class":68},[50,150309,72],{"class":64},[50,150311,75],{"class":68},[50,150313,72],{"class":64},[50,150315,80],{"class":68},[50,150317,72],{"class":64},[50,150319,500],{"class":68},[50,150321,105],{"class":64},[20,150323,150324],{},"This is useful when your data already exists in another form and you want a tuple version of it.",[36,150326,20870],{"id":20869},[158,150328,150329,150332,150335,150338],{},[161,150330,150331],{},"Commas create tuple items.",[161,150333,150334],{},"Parentheses help readability, but the commas matter most.",[161,150336,150337],{},"Tuples cannot be changed after creation.",[161,150339,150340],{},"If you need to change items often, use a list instead.",[20,150342,150343,150344,425],{},"For a bigger comparison, see ",[421,150345,150347],{"href":150346},"\u002Flearn\u002Fwhen-to-use-lists-vs-tuples-vs-sets-vs-dictionaries\u002F","when to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[36,150349,1743],{"id":1742},[20,150351,150352],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating tuples.",[222,150354,150356],{"id":150355},"forgetting-the-comma-in-a-one-item-tuple","Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple",[20,150358,150359],{},"This creates a normal value, not a tuple:",[41,150361,150363],{"className":43,"code":150362,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"item = (\"apple\")\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,150364,150365,150381],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,150366,150367,150369,150371,150373,150375,150377,150379],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,150368,28608],{"class":56},[50,150370,61],{"class":60},[50,150372,521],{"class":64},[50,150374,811],{"class":604},[50,150376,1049],{"class":608},[50,150378,811],{"class":604},[50,150380,105],{"class":64},[50,150382,150383,150385,150387,150389,150391,150393],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,150384,118],{"class":94},[50,150386,98],{"class":64},[50,150388,558],{"class":557},[50,150390,98],{"class":64},[50,150392,23379],{"class":101},[50,150394,478],{"class":64},[20,150396,150397],{},"To fix it, add a comma:",[41,150399,150401],{"className":43,"code":150400,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"item = (\"apple\",)\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,150402,150403,150419],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,150404,150405,150407,150409,150411,150413,150415,150417],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,150406,28608],{"class":56},[50,150408,61],{"class":60},[50,150410,521],{"class":64},[50,150412,811],{"class":604},[50,150414,1049],{"class":608},[50,150416,811],{"class":604},[50,150418,149261],{"class":64},[50,150420,150421,150423,150425,150427,150429,150431],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,150422,118],{"class":94},[50,150424,98],{"class":64},[50,150426,558],{"class":557},[50,150428,98],{"class":64},[50,150430,23379],{"class":101},[50,150432,478],{"class":64},[222,150434,150436],{"id":150435},"using-square-brackets-by-mistake","Using square brackets by mistake",[20,150438,150439],{},"This creates a list, not a tuple:",[41,150441,150443],{"className":43,"code":150442,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,150444,150445,150465],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,150446,150447,150449,150451,150453,150455,150457,150459,150461,150463],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,150448,516],{"class":56},[50,150450,61],{"class":60},[50,150452,65],{"class":64},[50,150454,366],{"class":68},[50,150456,72],{"class":64},[50,150458,80],{"class":68},[50,150460,72],{"class":64},[50,150462,500],{"class":68},[50,150464,83],{"class":64},[50,150466,150467,150469,150471,150473,150475,150477],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,150468,118],{"class":94},[50,150470,98],{"class":64},[50,150472,558],{"class":557},[50,150474,98],{"class":64},[50,150476,546],{"class":101},[50,150478,478],{"class":64},[20,150480,150481],{},"If you want a tuple, use parentheses:",[41,150483,150485],{"className":43,"code":150484,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"values = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,150486,150487,150507],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,150488,150489,150491,150493,150495,150497,150499,150501,150503,150505],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,150490,516],{"class":56},[50,150492,61],{"class":60},[50,150494,521],{"class":64},[50,150496,366],{"class":68},[50,150498,72],{"class":64},[50,150500,80],{"class":68},[50,150502,72],{"class":64},[50,150504,500],{"class":68},[50,150506,105],{"class":64},[50,150508,150509,150511,150513,150515,150517,150519],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,150510,118],{"class":94},[50,150512,98],{"class":64},[50,150514,558],{"class":557},[50,150516,98],{"class":64},[50,150518,546],{"class":101},[50,150520,478],{"class":64},[222,150522,150524],{"id":150523},"expecting-tuple-items-to-be-changeable","Expecting tuple items to be changeable",[20,150526,150337],{},[41,150528,150530],{"className":43,"code":150529,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\n# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[15,150531,150532,150552],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,150533,150534,150536,150538,150540,150542,150544,150546,150548,150550],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,150535,57],{"class":56},[50,150537,61],{"class":60},[50,150539,521],{"class":64},[50,150541,366],{"class":68},[50,150543,72],{"class":64},[50,150545,80],{"class":68},[50,150547,72],{"class":64},[50,150549,500],{"class":68},[50,150551,105],{"class":64},[50,150553,150554],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,150555,150556],{"class":129},"# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[20,150558,150559],{},"If you need to update items, use a list instead.",[222,150561,37273,150563,150566],{"id":150562},"confusing-tupleabc-with-one-string-inside-a-tuple",[15,150564,150565],{},"tuple(\"abc\")"," with one string inside a tuple",[20,150568,64704],{},[41,150570,150571],{"className":43,"code":150189,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,150572,150573,150591],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,150574,150575,150577,150579,150581,150583,150585,150587,150589],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,150576,36160],{"class":56},[50,150578,61],{"class":60},[50,150580,149271],{"class":557},[50,150582,98],{"class":64},[50,150584,811],{"class":604},[50,150586,41630],{"class":608},[50,150588,811],{"class":604},[50,150590,105],{"class":64},[50,150592,150593,150595,150597,150599],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,150594,118],{"class":94},[50,150596,98],{"class":64},[50,150598,36213],{"class":101},[50,150600,105],{"class":64},[20,150602,150603],{},"gives:",[41,150605,150606],{"className":43,"code":150224,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,150607,150608],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,150609,150610,150612,150614,150616,150618,150620,150622,150624,150626,150628,150630,150632,150634],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,150611,98],{"class":64},[50,150613,611],{"class":604},[50,150615,421],{"class":608},[50,150617,611],{"class":604},[50,150619,72],{"class":64},[50,150621,605],{"class":604},[50,150623,4839],{"class":608},[50,150625,611],{"class":604},[50,150627,72],{"class":64},[50,150629,605],{"class":604},[50,150631,9817],{"class":608},[50,150633,611],{"class":604},[50,150635,105],{"class":64},[20,150637,150638],{},"If you want one string as a single tuple item, write:",[41,150640,150642],{"className":43,"code":150641,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"word = (\"abc\",)\nprint(word)\n",[15,150643,150644,150660],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,150645,150646,150648,150650,150652,150654,150656,150658],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,150647,6232],{"class":56},[50,150649,61],{"class":60},[50,150651,521],{"class":64},[50,150653,811],{"class":604},[50,150655,41630],{"class":608},[50,150657,811],{"class":604},[50,150659,149261],{"class":64},[50,150661,150662,150664,150666,150668],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,150663,118],{"class":94},[50,150665,98],{"class":64},[50,150667,38459],{"class":101},[50,150669,105],{"class":64},[20,150671,353],{},[41,150673,150675],{"className":43,"code":150674,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"('abc',)\n",[15,150676,150677],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,150678,150679,150681,150683,150685,150687],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,150680,98],{"class":64},[50,150682,611],{"class":604},[50,150684,41630],{"class":608},[50,150686,611],{"class":604},[50,150688,149261],{"class":64},[222,150690,150692],{"id":150691},"simple-debugging-checks","Simple debugging checks",[20,150694,150695],{},"If you are not sure what you created, these checks help:",[41,150697,150699],{"className":43,"code":150698,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_tuple = (\"apple\",)\n\nprint(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,150700,150701,150718,150722,150732,150746],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,150702,150703,150706,150708,150710,150712,150714,150716],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,150704,150705],{"class":56},"my_tuple ",[50,150707,61],{"class":60},[50,150709,521],{"class":64},[50,150711,811],{"class":604},[50,150713,1049],{"class":608},[50,150715,811],{"class":604},[50,150717,149261],{"class":64},[50,150719,150720],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,150721,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,150723,150724,150726,150728,150730],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,150725,118],{"class":94},[50,150727,98],{"class":64},[50,150729,147923],{"class":101},[50,150731,105],{"class":64},[50,150733,150734,150736,150738,150740,150742,150744],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,150735,118],{"class":94},[50,150737,98],{"class":64},[50,150739,558],{"class":557},[50,150741,98],{"class":64},[50,150743,147923],{"class":101},[50,150745,478],{"class":64},[50,150747,150748,150750,150752,150754,150756,150758],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,150749,118],{"class":94},[50,150751,98],{"class":64},[50,150753,1267],{"class":94},[50,150755,98],{"class":64},[50,150757,147923],{"class":101},[50,150759,478],{"class":64},[36,150761,1913],{"id":1912},[222,150763,150765],{"id":150764},"how-do-i-create-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I create a tuple with one item?",[20,150767,150768,150769,150772],{},"Add a trailing comma, like ",[15,150770,150771],{},"(\"apple\",)",". Without the comma, Python treats it as a normal value.",[222,150774,150776],{"id":150775},"do-tuples-always-need-parentheses","Do tuples always need parentheses?",[20,150778,150779],{},"Parentheses are common and clearer for beginners, but commas are what make a tuple.",[222,150781,150783],{"id":150782},"can-a-tuple-contain-different-data-types","Can a tuple contain different data types?",[20,150785,150786],{},"Yes. A tuple can contain numbers, strings, booleans, and other objects.",[222,150788,150790],{"id":150789},"what-is-the-difference-between-a-tuple-and-a-list","What is the difference between a tuple and a list?",[20,150792,150793],{},"A tuple cannot be changed after creation. A list can be changed.",[222,150795,1927,150797,1930],{"id":150796},"what-does-tupleabc-return",[15,150798,150565],{},[20,150800,5227,150801,150804],{},[15,150802,150803],{},"('a', 'b', 'c')"," because the string is treated as an iterable of characters.",[36,150806,1975],{"id":1974},[158,150808,150809,150813,150817,150823,150828,150833,150837],{},[161,150810,150811],{},[421,150812,147905],{"href":147904},[161,150814,150815],{},[421,150816,149578],{"href":149577},[161,150818,150819],{},[421,150820,150822],{"href":150821},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained\u002F","Python tuple slicing explained",[161,150824,150825],{},[421,150826,150827],{"href":149143},"Python tuple length with len()",[161,150829,150830],{},[421,150831,150832],{"href":149208},"What is a tuple in Python?",[161,150834,150835],{},[421,150836,63281],{"href":63280},[161,150838,150839],{},[421,150840,150841],{"href":150346},"When to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[2018,150843,150844],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":150846},[150847,150848,150849,150850,150851,150852,150858,150864,150865,150873,150881],{"id":2104,"depth":86,"text":2105},{"id":15234,"depth":86,"text":15235},{"id":149437,"depth":86,"text":149438},{"id":149581,"depth":86,"text":149582},{"id":149674,"depth":86,"text":149675},{"id":149867,"depth":86,"text":149868,"children":150853},[150854,150855,150856,150857],{"id":102,"depth":108,"text":56529},{"id":5388,"depth":108,"text":56532},{"id":149959,"depth":108,"text":149960},{"id":150002,"depth":108,"text":150003},{"id":150109,"depth":86,"text":150859,"children":150860},"Create a tuple with tuple()",[150861,150862,150863],{"id":105287,"depth":108,"text":105288},{"id":105473,"depth":108,"text":105474},{"id":150260,"depth":108,"text":150261},{"id":20869,"depth":86,"text":20870},{"id":1742,"depth":86,"text":1743,"children":150866},[150867,150868,150869,150870,150872],{"id":150355,"depth":108,"text":150356},{"id":150435,"depth":108,"text":150436},{"id":150523,"depth":108,"text":150524},{"id":150562,"depth":108,"text":150871},"Confusing tuple(\"abc\") with one string inside a tuple",{"id":150691,"depth":108,"text":150692},{"id":1912,"depth":86,"text":1913,"children":150874},[150875,150876,150877,150878,150879],{"id":150764,"depth":108,"text":150765},{"id":150775,"depth":108,"text":150776},{"id":150782,"depth":108,"text":150783},{"id":150789,"depth":108,"text":150790},{"id":150796,"depth":108,"text":150880},"What does tuple(\"abc\") return?",{"id":1974,"depth":86,"text":1975},"Master python tuple creating a tuple in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple",{"title":149194,"description":150882},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple","SQWI2ojc9mwi8pBVXbAE-y8OnaS1gj7HNiNhaF1JyuA",{"id":150889,"title":150890,"body":150891,"description":152436,"extension":2064,"meta":152437,"navigation":111,"path":152438,"seo":152439,"stem":152440,"__hash__":152441},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained.md","Python tuple() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":150892,"toc":152406},[150893,150896,150901,150903,150916,150922,150924,150991,150993,151028,151033,151037,151041,151043,151054,151062,151064,151066,151087,151089,151109,151112,151114,151119,151162,151164,151186,151189,151202,151206,151210,151213,151266,151268,151289,151294,151298,151301,151346,151348,151381,151393,151397,151405,151442,151444,151473,151477,151480,151533,151535,151555,151562,151566,151571,151640,151642,151667,151671,151674,151680,151757,151759,151818,151820,151832,151837,151841,151845,151859,151861,151896,151898,151915,151918,151931,151935,151939,151950,151955,151970,151973,151976,151978,151981,151985,151987,152001,152003,152027,152032,152036,152039,152058,152061,152110,152115,152132,152135,152168,152172,152174,152225,152228,152253,152256,152279,152283,152289,152291,152326,152329,152334,152336,152340,152343,152347,152352,152356,152359,152363,152366,152370,152375,152377,152403],[10,150894,150890],{"id":150895},"python-tuple-function-explained",[20,150897,9203,150898,150900],{},[15,150899,38116],{}," function creates a tuple in Python.",[20,150902,82633],{},[158,150904,150905,150910],{},[161,150906,150907,150909],{},[15,150908,38116],{}," creates an empty tuple",[161,150911,150912,150915],{},[15,150913,150914],{},"tuple(iterable)"," converts an iterable into a tuple",[20,150917,150918,150919,150921],{},"This is useful when you want a fixed, immutable sequence of values. Beginners often use ",[15,150920,38116],{}," to convert a list, string, range, or other iterable into a tuple.",[36,150923,2105],{"id":2104},[41,150925,150927],{"className":43,"code":150926,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,150928,150929,150949,150963,150967,150977],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,150930,150931,150933,150935,150937,150939,150941,150943,150945,150947],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,150932,57],{"class":56},[50,150934,61],{"class":60},[50,150936,65],{"class":64},[50,150938,366],{"class":68},[50,150940,72],{"class":64},[50,150942,80],{"class":68},[50,150944,72],{"class":64},[50,150946,500],{"class":68},[50,150948,83],{"class":64},[50,150950,150951,150953,150955,150957,150959,150961],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,150952,89],{"class":56},[50,150954,61],{"class":60},[50,150956,149271],{"class":557},[50,150958,98],{"class":64},[50,150960,102],{"class":101},[50,150962,105],{"class":64},[50,150964,150965],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,150966,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,150968,150969,150971,150973,150975],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,150970,118],{"class":94},[50,150972,98],{"class":64},[50,150974,123],{"class":101},[50,150976,105],{"class":64},[50,150978,150979,150981,150983,150985,150987,150989],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,150980,118],{"class":94},[50,150982,98],{"class":64},[50,150984,558],{"class":557},[50,150986,98],{"class":64},[50,150988,123],{"class":101},[50,150990,478],{"class":64},[20,150992,353],{},[41,150994,150996],{"className":43,"code":150995,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"(1, 2, 3)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,150997,150998,151014],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,150999,151000,151002,151004,151006,151008,151010,151012],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,151001,98],{"class":64},[50,151003,366],{"class":68},[50,151005,72],{"class":64},[50,151007,80],{"class":68},[50,151009,72],{"class":64},[50,151011,500],{"class":68},[50,151013,105],{"class":64},[50,151015,151016,151018,151020,151022,151024,151026],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,151017,597],{"class":60},[50,151019,601],{"class":600},[50,151021,605],{"class":604},[50,151023,505],{"class":608},[50,151025,611],{"class":604},[50,151027,614],{"class":60},[20,151029,920,151030,151032],{},[15,151031,150914],{}," to convert an iterable like a list, string, or range into a tuple.",[36,151034,151036],{"id":151035},"what-tuple-does","What tuple() does",[20,151038,151039,165],{},[15,151040,38116],{},[20,151042,48997],{},[158,151044,151045,151048,151051],{},[161,151046,151047],{},"creates a tuple object",[161,151049,151050],{},"can make an empty tuple with no arguments",[161,151052,151053],{},"can convert another iterable into a tuple",[20,151055,151056,151057,151059,151060,425],{},"If you are new to tuples, see ",[421,151058,149209],{"href":149208}," or the full guide to ",[421,151061,147905],{"href":147904},[36,151063,181],{"id":180},[20,151065,26556],{},[41,151067,151069],{"className":43,"code":151068,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"tuple()\ntuple(iterable)\n",[15,151070,151071,151077],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,151072,151073,151075],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,151074,505],{"class":557},[50,151076,8722],{"class":64},[50,151078,151079,151081,151083,151085],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,151080,505],{"class":557},[50,151082,98],{"class":64},[50,151084,196],{"class":101},[50,151086,105],{"class":64},[20,151088,11534],{},[158,151090,151091,151094],{},[161,151092,151093],{},"The argument must be an iterable",[161,151095,151096,151097],{},"Common iterables include:\n",[158,151098,151099,151101,151103,151105,151107],{},[161,151100,5379],{},[161,151102,5388],{},[161,151104,63060],{},[161,151106,5385],{},[161,151108,7330],{},[20,151110,151111],{},"An iterable is a value Python can go through one item at a time.",[36,151113,149582],{"id":149581},[20,151115,1767,151116,151118],{},[15,151117,38116],{}," with no argument returns an empty tuple.",[41,151120,151122],{"className":43,"code":151121,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"empty = tuple()\n\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,151123,151124,151134,151138,151148],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,151125,151126,151128,151130,151132],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,151127,124769],{"class":56},[50,151129,61],{"class":60},[50,151131,149271],{"class":557},[50,151133,8722],{"class":64},[50,151135,151136],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,151137,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,151139,151140,151142,151144,151146],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,151141,118],{"class":94},[50,151143,98],{"class":64},[50,151145,124820],{"class":101},[50,151147,105],{"class":64},[50,151149,151150,151152,151154,151156,151158,151160],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,151151,118],{"class":94},[50,151153,98],{"class":64},[50,151155,558],{"class":557},[50,151157,98],{"class":64},[50,151159,124820],{"class":101},[50,151161,478],{"class":64},[20,151163,353],{},[41,151165,151166],{"className":43,"code":149627,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,151167,151168,151172],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,151169,151170],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,151171,8722],{"class":64},[50,151173,151174,151176,151178,151180,151182,151184],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,151175,597],{"class":60},[50,151177,601],{"class":600},[50,151179,605],{"class":604},[50,151181,505],{"class":608},[50,151183,611],{"class":604},[50,151185,614],{"class":60},[20,151187,151188],{},"This is equivalent to:",[41,151190,151192],{"className":43,"code":151191,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"empty = ()\n",[15,151193,151194],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,151195,151196,151198,151200],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,151197,124769],{"class":56},[50,151199,61],{"class":60},[50,151201,149247],{"class":64},[36,151203,151205],{"id":151204},"convert-common-iterables-to-a-tuple","Convert common iterables to a tuple",[222,151207,151209],{"id":151208},"list-to-tuple","List to tuple",[20,151211,151212],{},"A list keeps its item order when converted to a tuple.",[41,151214,151216],{"className":43,"code":151215,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151217,151218,151238,151252,151256],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,151219,151220,151222,151224,151226,151228,151230,151232,151234,151236],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,151221,57],{"class":56},[50,151223,61],{"class":60},[50,151225,65],{"class":64},[50,151227,1618],{"class":68},[50,151229,72],{"class":64},[50,151231,840],{"class":68},[50,151233,72],{"class":64},[50,151235,1627],{"class":68},[50,151237,83],{"class":64},[50,151239,151240,151242,151244,151246,151248,151250],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,151241,89],{"class":56},[50,151243,61],{"class":60},[50,151245,149271],{"class":557},[50,151247,98],{"class":64},[50,151249,102],{"class":101},[50,151251,105],{"class":64},[50,151253,151254],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,151255,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,151257,151258,151260,151262,151264],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,151259,118],{"class":94},[50,151261,98],{"class":64},[50,151263,123],{"class":101},[50,151265,105],{"class":64},[20,151267,353],{},[41,151269,151271],{"className":43,"code":151270,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"(10, 20, 30)\n",[15,151272,151273],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,151274,151275,151277,151279,151281,151283,151285,151287],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,151276,98],{"class":64},[50,151278,1618],{"class":68},[50,151280,72],{"class":64},[50,151282,840],{"class":68},[50,151284,72],{"class":64},[50,151286,1627],{"class":68},[50,151288,105],{"class":64},[20,151290,151291,151292,425],{},"If you need a changeable sequence instead, see the ",[421,151293,105093],{"href":60123},[222,151295,151297],{"id":151296},"string-to-tuple","String to tuple",[20,151299,151300],{},"A string is iterable, so each character becomes a separate item.",[41,151302,151304],{"className":43,"code":151303,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"cat\"\nresult = tuple(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151305,151306,151318,151332,151336],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,151307,151308,151310,151312,151314,151316],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,151309,695],{"class":56},[50,151311,61],{"class":60},[50,151313,700],{"class":604},[50,151315,37116],{"class":608},[50,151317,705],{"class":604},[50,151319,151320,151322,151324,151326,151328,151330],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,151321,89],{"class":56},[50,151323,61],{"class":60},[50,151325,149271],{"class":557},[50,151327,98],{"class":64},[50,151329,718],{"class":101},[50,151331,105],{"class":64},[50,151333,151334],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,151335,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,151337,151338,151340,151342,151344],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,151339,118],{"class":94},[50,151341,98],{"class":64},[50,151343,123],{"class":101},[50,151345,105],{"class":64},[20,151347,353],{},[41,151349,151351],{"className":43,"code":151350,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"('c', 'a', 't')\n",[15,151352,151353],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,151354,151355,151357,151359,151361,151363,151365,151367,151369,151371,151373,151375,151377,151379],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,151356,98],{"class":64},[50,151358,611],{"class":604},[50,151360,9817],{"class":608},[50,151362,611],{"class":604},[50,151364,72],{"class":64},[50,151366,605],{"class":604},[50,151368,421],{"class":608},[50,151370,611],{"class":604},[50,151372,72],{"class":64},[50,151374,605],{"class":604},[50,151376,771],{"class":608},[50,151378,611],{"class":604},[50,151380,105],{"class":64},[20,151382,151383,151384,14126,151387,151389,151390,425],{},"This often surprises beginners. ",[15,151385,151386],{},"tuple(\"cat\")",[3824,151388,4709],{}," create ",[15,151391,151392],{},"('cat',)",[222,151394,151396],{"id":151395},"range-to-tuple","Range to tuple",[20,151398,151399,151401,151402,151404],{},[15,151400,2016],{}," produces values one at a time, and ",[15,151403,38116],{}," collects them all.",[41,151406,151408],{"className":43,"code":151407,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"result = tuple(range(5))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151409,151410,151428,151432],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,151411,151412,151414,151416,151418,151420,151422,151424,151426],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,151413,89],{"class":56},[50,151415,61],{"class":60},[50,151417,149271],{"class":557},[50,151419,98],{"class":64},[50,151421,60066],{"class":94},[50,151423,98],{"class":64},[50,151425,290],{"class":68},[50,151427,478],{"class":64},[50,151429,151430],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,151431,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,151433,151434,151436,151438,151440],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,151435,118],{"class":94},[50,151437,98],{"class":64},[50,151439,123],{"class":101},[50,151441,105],{"class":64},[20,151443,353],{},[41,151445,151447],{"className":43,"code":151446,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"(0, 1, 2, 3, 4)\n",[15,151448,151449],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,151450,151451,151453,151455,151457,151459,151461,151463,151465,151467,151469,151471],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,151452,98],{"class":64},[50,151454,2220],{"class":68},[50,151456,72],{"class":64},[50,151458,75],{"class":68},[50,151460,72],{"class":64},[50,151462,80],{"class":68},[50,151464,72],{"class":64},[50,151466,500],{"class":68},[50,151468,72],{"class":64},[50,151470,2554],{"class":68},[50,151472,105],{"class":64},[222,151474,151476],{"id":151475},"set-to-tuple","Set to tuple",[20,151478,151479],{},"A set can also be converted to a tuple.",[41,151481,151483],{"className":43,"code":151482,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"values = {1, 2, 3}\nresult = tuple(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151484,151485,151505,151519,151523],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,151486,151487,151489,151491,151493,151495,151497,151499,151501,151503],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,151488,516],{"class":56},[50,151490,61],{"class":60},[50,151492,632],{"class":64},[50,151494,366],{"class":68},[50,151496,72],{"class":64},[50,151498,80],{"class":68},[50,151500,72],{"class":64},[50,151502,500],{"class":68},[50,151504,645],{"class":64},[50,151506,151507,151509,151511,151513,151515,151517],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,151508,89],{"class":56},[50,151510,61],{"class":60},[50,151512,149271],{"class":557},[50,151514,98],{"class":64},[50,151516,546],{"class":101},[50,151518,105],{"class":64},[50,151520,151521],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,151522,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,151524,151525,151527,151529,151531],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,151526,118],{"class":94},[50,151528,98],{"class":64},[50,151530,123],{"class":101},[50,151532,105],{"class":64},[20,151534,353],{},[41,151536,151537],{"className":43,"code":149484,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,151538,151539],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,151540,151541,151543,151545,151547,151549,151551,151553],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,151542,98],{"class":64},[50,151544,366],{"class":68},[50,151546,72],{"class":64},[50,151548,80],{"class":68},[50,151550,72],{"class":64},[50,151552,500],{"class":68},[50,151554,105],{"class":64},[20,151556,151557,151558,425],{},"The order may not be predictable, because sets do not store items in a fixed order. If you want to understand sets better, see the ",[421,151559,151561],{"href":151560},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained\u002F","Python set() function explained",[222,151563,151565],{"id":151564},"dictionary-to-tuple","Dictionary to tuple",[20,151567,791,151568,151570],{},[15,151569,38116],{},", Python uses the dictionary's keys.",[41,151572,151574],{"className":43,"code":151573,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = tuple(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151575,151576,151612,151626,151630],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,151577,151578,151580,151582,151584,151586,151588,151590,151592,151594,151596,151598,151600,151602,151604,151606,151608,151610],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,151579,804],{"class":56},[50,151581,61],{"class":60},[50,151583,632],{"class":64},[50,151585,811],{"class":604},[50,151587,814],{"class":608},[50,151589,811],{"class":604},[50,151591,819],{"class":64},[50,151593,700],{"class":604},[50,151595,824],{"class":608},[50,151597,811],{"class":604},[50,151599,72],{"class":64},[50,151601,700],{"class":604},[50,151603,833],{"class":608},[50,151605,811],{"class":604},[50,151607,819],{"class":64},[50,151609,9384],{"class":68},[50,151611,645],{"class":64},[50,151613,151614,151616,151618,151620,151622,151624],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,151615,89],{"class":56},[50,151617,61],{"class":60},[50,151619,149271],{"class":557},[50,151621,98],{"class":64},[50,151623,873],{"class":101},[50,151625,105],{"class":64},[50,151627,151628],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,151629,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,151631,151632,151634,151636,151638],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,151633,118],{"class":94},[50,151635,98],{"class":64},[50,151637,123],{"class":101},[50,151639,105],{"class":64},[20,151641,30098],{},[41,151643,151645],{"className":43,"code":151644,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"('name', 'age')\n",[15,151646,151647],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,151648,151649,151651,151653,151655,151657,151659,151661,151663,151665],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,151650,98],{"class":64},[50,151652,611],{"class":604},[50,151654,814],{"class":608},[50,151656,611],{"class":604},[50,151658,72],{"class":64},[50,151660,605],{"class":604},[50,151662,833],{"class":608},[50,151664,611],{"class":604},[50,151666,105],{"class":64},[36,151668,151670],{"id":151669},"what-happens-with-dictionaries","What happens with dictionaries",[20,151672,151673],{},"This is a common beginner surprise.",[20,151675,151676,151679],{},[15,151677,151678],{},"tuple(my_dict)"," returns a tuple of dictionary keys, not key-value pairs.",[41,151681,151683],{"className":43,"code":151682,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(tuple(person))\nprint(tuple(person.items()))\n",[15,151684,151685,151721,151725,151739],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,151686,151687,151689,151691,151693,151695,151697,151699,151701,151703,151705,151707,151709,151711,151713,151715,151717,151719],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,151688,804],{"class":56},[50,151690,61],{"class":60},[50,151692,632],{"class":64},[50,151694,811],{"class":604},[50,151696,814],{"class":608},[50,151698,811],{"class":604},[50,151700,819],{"class":64},[50,151702,700],{"class":604},[50,151704,824],{"class":608},[50,151706,811],{"class":604},[50,151708,72],{"class":64},[50,151710,700],{"class":604},[50,151712,833],{"class":608},[50,151714,811],{"class":604},[50,151716,819],{"class":64},[50,151718,9384],{"class":68},[50,151720,645],{"class":64},[50,151722,151723],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,151724,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,151726,151727,151729,151731,151733,151735,151737],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,151728,118],{"class":94},[50,151730,98],{"class":64},[50,151732,505],{"class":557},[50,151734,98],{"class":64},[50,151736,873],{"class":101},[50,151738,478],{"class":64},[50,151740,151741,151743,151745,151747,151749,151751,151753,151755],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,151742,118],{"class":94},[50,151744,98],{"class":64},[50,151746,505],{"class":557},[50,151748,98],{"class":64},[50,151750,873],{"class":101},[50,151752,425],{"class":64},[50,151754,7888],{"class":101},[50,151756,6367],{"class":64},[20,151758,353],{},[41,151760,151762],{"className":43,"code":151761,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"('name', 'age')\n(('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25))\n",[15,151763,151764,151784],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,151765,151766,151768,151770,151772,151774,151776,151778,151780,151782],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,151767,98],{"class":64},[50,151769,611],{"class":604},[50,151771,814],{"class":608},[50,151773,611],{"class":604},[50,151775,72],{"class":64},[50,151777,605],{"class":604},[50,151779,833],{"class":608},[50,151781,611],{"class":604},[50,151783,105],{"class":64},[50,151785,151786,151788,151790,151792,151794,151796,151798,151800,151802,151804,151806,151808,151810,151812,151814,151816],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,151787,1820],{"class":64},[50,151789,611],{"class":604},[50,151791,814],{"class":608},[50,151793,611],{"class":604},[50,151795,72],{"class":64},[50,151797,605],{"class":604},[50,151799,824],{"class":608},[50,151801,611],{"class":604},[50,151803,9313],{"class":64},[50,151805,521],{"class":64},[50,151807,611],{"class":604},[50,151809,833],{"class":608},[50,151811,611],{"class":604},[50,151813,72],{"class":64},[50,151815,9384],{"class":68},[50,151817,478],{"class":64},[20,151819,18764],{},[158,151821,151822,151827],{},[161,151823,151824,151826],{},[15,151825,151678],{}," for keys",[161,151828,151829,32627],{},[15,151830,151831],{},"tuple(my_dict.items())",[20,151833,151834,151835,425],{},"This happens because iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default. You can learn more in the ",[421,151836,63611],{"href":63610},[36,151838,151840],{"id":151839},"when-to-use-tuple","When to use tuple()",[20,151842,151843,18388],{},[15,151844,38116],{},[158,151846,151847,151850,151853,151856],{},[161,151848,151849],{},"you need an immutable sequence",[161,151851,151852],{},"you want to convert a list into a tuple",[161,151854,151855],{},"you want to store a fixed group of values",[161,151857,151858],{},"you have data that should not be changed later",[20,151860,1602],{},[41,151862,151864],{"className":43,"code":151863,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"coordinates = tuple([4, 7])\nprint(coordinates)\n",[15,151865,151866,151885],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,151867,151868,151871,151873,151875,151877,151879,151881,151883],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,151869,151870],{"class":56},"coordinates ",[50,151872,61],{"class":60},[50,151874,149271],{"class":557},[50,151876,1792],{"class":64},[50,151878,2602],{"class":68},[50,151880,72],{"class":64},[50,151882,6071],{"class":68},[50,151884,3970],{"class":64},[50,151886,151887,151889,151891,151894],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,151888,118],{"class":94},[50,151890,98],{"class":64},[50,151892,151893],{"class":101},"coordinates",[50,151895,105],{"class":64},[20,151897,353],{},[41,151899,151901],{"className":43,"code":151900,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"(4, 7)\n",[15,151902,151903],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,151904,151905,151907,151909,151911,151913],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,151906,98],{"class":64},[50,151908,2602],{"class":68},[50,151910,72],{"class":64},[50,151912,6071],{"class":68},[50,151914,105],{"class":64},[20,151916,151917],{},"Tuples are often used for values like:",[158,151919,151920,151922,151925,151928],{},[161,151921,151893],{},[161,151923,151924],{},"RGB colors",[161,151926,151927],{},"dates",[161,151929,151930],{},"settings that should stay fixed",[36,151932,151934],{"id":151933},"when-not-to-use-tuple","When not to use tuple()",[20,151936,44498,151937,1504],{},[15,151938,38116],{},[158,151940,151941,151944,151947],{},[161,151942,151943],{},"you need to add, remove, or update items later",[161,151945,151946],{},"a list would be easier to work with",[161,151948,151949],{},"you are passing a non-iterable value",[20,151951,116519,151952,151954],{},[3824,151953,4709],{}," work:",[41,151956,151958],{"className":43,"code":151957,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"tuple(5)\n",[15,151959,151960],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,151961,151962,151964,151966,151968],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,151963,505],{"class":557},[50,151965,98],{"class":64},[50,151967,290],{"class":68},[50,151969,105],{"class":64},[20,151971,151972],{},"An integer is not iterable, so Python raises an error.",[20,151974,151975],{},"If you need a flexible sequence, use a list instead of a tuple.",[36,151977,115357],{"id":115356},[20,151979,151980],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into.",[222,151982,151984],{"id":151983},"passing-a-non-iterable-value","Passing a non-iterable value",[20,151986,2934],{},[41,151988,151989],{"className":43,"code":151957,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,151990,151991],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,151992,151993,151995,151997,151999],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,151994,505],{"class":557},[50,151996,98],{"class":64},[50,151998,290],{"class":68},[50,152000,105],{"class":64},[20,152002,29749],{},[41,152004,152005],{"className":43,"code":63715,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,152006,152007],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,152008,152009,152011,152013,152015,152017,152019,152021,152023,152025],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,152010,1542],{"class":557},[50,152012,819],{"class":64},[50,152014,605],{"class":604},[50,152016,2288],{"class":608},[50,152018,611],{"class":604},[50,152020,24686],{"class":557},[50,152022,8175],{"class":60},[50,152024,8178],{"class":60},[50,152026,63738],{"class":56},[20,152028,152029,152030,425],{},"If you see this, read ",[421,152031,62355],{"href":52669},[222,152033,152035],{"id":152034},"expecting-one-whole-string-item","Expecting one whole string item",[20,152037,152038],{},"This code:",[41,152040,152042],{"className":43,"code":152041,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"tuple(\"hello\")\n",[15,152043,152044],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,152045,152046,152048,152050,152052,152054,152056],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,152047,505],{"class":557},[50,152049,98],{"class":64},[50,152051,811],{"class":604},[50,152053,3926],{"class":608},[50,152055,811],{"class":604},[50,152057,105],{"class":64},[20,152059,152060],{},"returns:",[41,152062,152064],{"className":43,"code":152063,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"('h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o')\n",[15,152065,152066],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,152067,152068,152070,152072,152074,152076,152078,152080,152082,152084,152086,152088,152090,152092,152094,152096,152098,152100,152102,152104,152106,152108],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,152069,98],{"class":64},[50,152071,611],{"class":604},[50,152073,736],{"class":608},[50,152075,611],{"class":604},[50,152077,72],{"class":64},[50,152079,605],{"class":604},[50,152081,60513],{"class":608},[50,152083,611],{"class":604},[50,152085,72],{"class":64},[50,152087,605],{"class":604},[50,152089,60522],{"class":608},[50,152091,611],{"class":604},[50,152093,72],{"class":64},[50,152095,605],{"class":604},[50,152097,60522],{"class":608},[50,152099,611],{"class":604},[50,152101,72],{"class":64},[50,152103,605],{"class":604},[50,152105,754],{"class":608},[50,152107,611],{"class":604},[50,152109,105],{"class":64},[20,152111,40975,152112,152114],{},[3824,152113,4709],{}," return:",[41,152116,152118],{"className":43,"code":152117,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"('hello',)\n",[15,152119,152120],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,152121,152122,152124,152126,152128,152130],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,152123,98],{"class":64},[50,152125,611],{"class":604},[50,152127,3926],{"class":608},[50,152129,611],{"class":604},[50,152131,149261],{"class":64},[20,152133,152134],{},"If you want a one-item tuple, write:",[41,152136,152138],{"className":43,"code":152137,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"single = (\"hello\",)\nprint(single)\n",[15,152139,152140,152157],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,152141,152142,152145,152147,152149,152151,152153,152155],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,152143,152144],{"class":56},"single ",[50,152146,61],{"class":60},[50,152148,521],{"class":64},[50,152150,811],{"class":604},[50,152152,3926],{"class":608},[50,152154,811],{"class":604},[50,152156,149261],{"class":64},[50,152158,152159,152161,152163,152166],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,152160,118],{"class":94},[50,152162,98],{"class":64},[50,152164,152165],{"class":101},"single",[50,152167,105],{"class":64},[222,152169,152171],{"id":152170},"expecting-dictionary-values-too","Expecting dictionary values too",[20,152173,152038],{},[41,152175,152177],{"className":43,"code":152176,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(tuple(data))\n",[15,152178,152179,152211],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,152180,152181,152183,152185,152187,152189,152191,152193,152195,152197,152199,152201,152203,152205,152207,152209],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,152182,9246],{"class":56},[50,152184,61],{"class":60},[50,152186,632],{"class":64},[50,152188,811],{"class":604},[50,152190,421],{"class":608},[50,152192,811],{"class":604},[50,152194,819],{"class":64},[50,152196,75],{"class":68},[50,152198,72],{"class":64},[50,152200,700],{"class":604},[50,152202,4839],{"class":608},[50,152204,811],{"class":604},[50,152206,819],{"class":64},[50,152208,80],{"class":68},[50,152210,645],{"class":64},[50,152212,152213,152215,152217,152219,152221,152223],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,152214,118],{"class":94},[50,152216,98],{"class":64},[50,152218,505],{"class":557},[50,152220,98],{"class":64},[50,152222,9284],{"class":101},[50,152224,478],{"class":64},[20,152226,152227],{},"returns only the keys:",[41,152229,152231],{"className":43,"code":152230,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"('a', 'b')\n",[15,152232,152233],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,152234,152235,152237,152239,152241,152243,152245,152247,152249,152251],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,152236,98],{"class":64},[50,152238,611],{"class":604},[50,152240,421],{"class":608},[50,152242,611],{"class":604},[50,152244,72],{"class":64},[50,152246,605],{"class":604},[50,152248,4839],{"class":608},[50,152250,611],{"class":604},[50,152252,105],{"class":64},[20,152254,152255],{},"To get key-value pairs, use:",[41,152257,152259],{"className":43,"code":152258,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(tuple(data.items()))\n",[15,152260,152261],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,152262,152263,152265,152267,152269,152271,152273,152275,152277],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,152264,118],{"class":94},[50,152266,98],{"class":64},[50,152268,505],{"class":557},[50,152270,98],{"class":64},[50,152272,9284],{"class":101},[50,152274,425],{"class":64},[50,152276,7888],{"class":101},[50,152278,6367],{"class":64},[222,152280,152282],{"id":152281},"thinking-parentheses-always-convert-to-a-tuple","Thinking parentheses always convert to a tuple",[20,152284,152285,152286,152288],{},"Parentheses can create tuples in many cases, but they do not behave the same as ",[15,152287,38116],{}," conversion.",[20,152290,5551],{},[41,152292,152294],{"className":43,"code":152293,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(value)\n",[15,152295,152296,152316],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,152297,152298,152300,152302,152304,152306,152308,152310,152312,152314],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,152299,2544],{"class":56},[50,152301,61],{"class":60},[50,152303,521],{"class":64},[50,152305,366],{"class":68},[50,152307,72],{"class":64},[50,152309,80],{"class":68},[50,152311,72],{"class":64},[50,152313,500],{"class":68},[50,152315,105],{"class":64},[50,152317,152318,152320,152322,152324],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,152319,118],{"class":94},[50,152321,98],{"class":64},[50,152323,2570],{"class":101},[50,152325,105],{"class":64},[20,152327,152328],{},"This creates a tuple directly.",[20,152330,25574,152331,152333],{},[15,152332,38116],{}," is specifically used to create an empty tuple or convert an iterable into a tuple.",[36,152335,1913],{"id":1912},[222,152337,152339],{"id":152338},"what-does-tuple-do-in-python","What does tuple() do in Python?",[20,152341,152342],{},"It creates a tuple. With an iterable argument, it converts that iterable into a tuple.",[222,152344,152346],{"id":152345},"what-does-tuple-return-with-no-argument","What does tuple() return with no argument?",[20,152348,152349,152350,425],{},"It returns an empty tuple: ",[15,152351,7445],{},[222,152353,152355],{"id":152354},"can-tuple-convert-a-string","Can tuple() convert a string?",[20,152357,152358],{},"Yes. Each character becomes a separate item in the tuple.",[222,152360,152362],{"id":152361},"why-does-tuplemy_dict-only-return-keys","Why does tuple(my_dict) only return keys?",[20,152364,152365],{},"Iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default.",[222,152367,152369],{"id":152368},"can-i-use-tuple-on-an-integer","Can I use tuple() on an integer?",[20,152371,152372,152373,425],{},"No. An integer is not iterable, so Python raises a ",[15,152374,1542],{},[36,152376,1975],{"id":1974},[158,152378,152379,152383,152387,152391,152395,152399],{},[161,152380,152381],{},[421,152382,147905],{"href":147904},[161,152384,152385],{},[421,152386,150832],{"href":149208},[161,152388,152389],{},[421,152390,105093],{"href":60123},[161,152392,152393],{},[421,152394,151561],{"href":151560},[161,152396,152397],{},[421,152398,63611],{"href":63610},[161,152400,152401],{},[421,152402,62355],{"href":52669},[2018,152404,152405],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":152407},[152408,152409,152410,152411,152412,152419,152420,152421,152422,152428,152435],{"id":2104,"depth":86,"text":2105},{"id":151035,"depth":86,"text":151036},{"id":180,"depth":86,"text":181},{"id":149581,"depth":86,"text":149582},{"id":151204,"depth":86,"text":151205,"children":152413},[152414,152415,152416,152417,152418],{"id":151208,"depth":108,"text":151209},{"id":151296,"depth":108,"text":151297},{"id":151395,"depth":108,"text":151396},{"id":151475,"depth":108,"text":151476},{"id":151564,"depth":108,"text":151565},{"id":151669,"depth":86,"text":151670},{"id":151839,"depth":86,"text":151840},{"id":151933,"depth":86,"text":151934},{"id":115356,"depth":86,"text":115357,"children":152423},[152424,152425,152426,152427],{"id":151983,"depth":108,"text":151984},{"id":152034,"depth":108,"text":152035},{"id":152170,"depth":108,"text":152171},{"id":152281,"depth":108,"text":152282},{"id":1912,"depth":86,"text":1913,"children":152429},[152430,152431,152432,152433,152434],{"id":152338,"depth":108,"text":152339},{"id":152345,"depth":108,"text":152346},{"id":152354,"depth":108,"text":152355},{"id":152361,"depth":108,"text":152362},{"id":152368,"depth":108,"text":152369},{"id":1974,"depth":86,"text":1975},"Master python tuple function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained",{"title":150890,"description":152436},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained","pFeq5hNHdIKuIzk8wtloZhtsgtV1EfCv8EepPUEVHYk",{"id":152443,"title":152444,"body":152445,"description":153858,"extension":2064,"meta":153859,"navigation":111,"path":153860,"seo":153861,"stem":153862,"__hash__":153863},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method.md","Python Tuple index() Method",{"type":7,"value":152446,"toc":153830},[152447,152452,152457,152460,152462,152541,152547,152552,152556,152571,152573,152620,152622,152630,152638,152644,152646,152651,152671,152674,152701,152703,152727,152729,152871,152873,152877,152885,152888,152890,152967,152969,152977,152981,152985,152995,153005,153007,153012,153014,153073,153078,153080,153180,153182,153196,153201,153207,153214,153217,153219,153329,153333,153350,153352,153415,153417,153425,153437,153441,153446,153474,153477,153559,153561,153572,153574,153578,153605,153607,153609,153689,153697,153699,153754,153756,153761,153764,153768,153772,153774,153778,153782,153790,153797,153800,153802,153827],[10,152448,147789,152450,11397],{"id":152449},"python-tuple-index-method",[15,152451,59035],{},[20,152453,152454,152456],{},[15,152455,149110],{}," finds the position of a value inside a tuple.",[20,152458,152459],{},"It is useful when you know the value you want to search for and need its index. This method returns the first matching position and raises an error if the value is not found.",[36,152461,2105],{"id":2104},[41,152463,152465],{"className":43,"code":152464,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nposition = colors.index(\"blue\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,152466,152467,152507,152529],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,152468,152469,152471,152473,152475,152477,152479,152481,152483,152485,152487,152489,152491,152493,152495,152497,152499,152501,152503,152505],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,152470,13149],{"class":56},[50,152472,61],{"class":60},[50,152474,521],{"class":64},[50,152476,811],{"class":604},[50,152478,13166],{"class":608},[50,152480,811],{"class":604},[50,152482,72],{"class":64},[50,152484,700],{"class":604},[50,152486,13183],{"class":608},[50,152488,811],{"class":604},[50,152490,72],{"class":64},[50,152492,700],{"class":604},[50,152494,17525],{"class":608},[50,152496,811],{"class":604},[50,152498,72],{"class":64},[50,152500,700],{"class":604},[50,152502,13183],{"class":608},[50,152504,811],{"class":604},[50,152506,105],{"class":64},[50,152508,152509,152511,152513,152515,152517,152519,152521,152523,152525,152527],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,152510,64980],{"class":56},[50,152512,61],{"class":60},[50,152514,13197],{"class":56},[50,152516,425],{"class":64},[50,152518,35915],{"class":101},[50,152520,98],{"class":64},[50,152522,811],{"class":604},[50,152524,13183],{"class":608},[50,152526,811],{"class":604},[50,152528,105],{"class":64},[50,152530,152531,152533,152535,152537,152539],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,152532,118],{"class":94},[50,152534,98],{"class":64},[50,152536,65007],{"class":101},[50,152538,126],{"class":64},[50,152540,27849],{"class":129},[20,152542,152543,152546],{},[15,152544,152545],{},"tuple.index(value)"," returns the position of the first matching item.",[36,152548,153,152550,156],{"id":152549},"what-tupleindex-does",[15,152551,149110],{},[20,152553,1185,152554,11488],{},[15,152555,59035],{},[158,152557,152558,152561,152563,152566],{},[161,152559,152560],{},"Finds the position of a value inside a tuple",[161,152562,128387],{},[161,152564,152565],{},"Works only if the value exists in the tuple",[161,152567,152568,152569],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at index ",[15,152570,2220],{},[20,152572,1602],{},[41,152574,152576],{"className":43,"code":152575,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 20)\nprint(numbers.index(20))\n",[15,152577,152578,152602],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,152579,152580,152582,152584,152586,152588,152590,152592,152594,152596,152598,152600],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,152581,57],{"class":56},[50,152583,61],{"class":60},[50,152585,521],{"class":64},[50,152587,1618],{"class":68},[50,152589,72],{"class":64},[50,152591,840],{"class":68},[50,152593,72],{"class":64},[50,152595,1627],{"class":68},[50,152597,72],{"class":64},[50,152599,840],{"class":68},[50,152601,105],{"class":64},[50,152603,152604,152606,152608,152610,152612,152614,152616,152618],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,152605,118],{"class":94},[50,152607,98],{"class":64},[50,152609,102],{"class":101},[50,152611,425],{"class":64},[50,152613,35915],{"class":101},[50,152615,98],{"class":64},[50,152617,15826],{"class":68},[50,152619,478],{"class":64},[20,152621,353],{},[41,152623,152624],{"className":43,"code":46987,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,152625,152626],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,152627,152628],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,152629,46987],{"class":68},[20,152631,21047,152632,152634,152635,152637],{},[15,152633,15826],{}," appears twice, ",[15,152636,59035],{}," returns only the first match.",[20,152639,151056,152640,425],{},[421,152641,152643],{"href":152642},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python","what a tuple is in Python",[36,152645,181],{"id":180},[20,152647,7842,152648,152650],{},[15,152649,59035],{}," in two ways:",[41,152652,152654],{"className":43,"code":152653,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"tuple_name.index(value)\n",[15,152655,152656],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,152657,152658,152661,152663,152665,152667,152669],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,152659,152660],{"class":56},"tuple_name",[50,152662,425],{"class":64},[50,152664,35915],{"class":101},[50,152666,98],{"class":64},[50,152668,2570],{"class":101},[50,152670,105],{"class":64},[20,152672,152673],{},"or:",[41,152675,152677],{"className":43,"code":152676,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"tuple_name.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,152678,152679],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,152680,152681,152683,152685,152687,152689,152691,152693,152695,152697,152699],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,152682,152660],{"class":56},[50,152684,425],{"class":64},[50,152686,35915],{"class":101},[50,152688,98],{"class":64},[50,152690,2570],{"class":101},[50,152692,72],{"class":64},[50,152694,36121],{"class":101},[50,152696,72],{"class":64},[50,152698,65101],{"class":101},[50,152700,105],{"class":64},[222,152702,225],{"id":224},[158,152704,152705,152710,152715,152720],{},[161,152706,152707,152709],{},[15,152708,2570],{}," — the item to search for",[161,152711,152712,152714],{},[15,152713,36142],{}," — optional starting position",[161,152716,152717,152719],{},[15,152718,52730],{}," — optional ending position",[161,152721,152722,4862,152724,152726],{},[15,152723,52730],{},[3824,152725,65130],{}," in the search",[20,152728,1602],{},[41,152730,152732],{"className":43,"code":152731,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\")\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # 1\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # 3\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 3))  # 1\n",[15,152733,152734,152782,152786,152811,152839],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,152735,152736,152738,152740,152742,152744,152746,152748,152750,152752,152754,152756,152758,152760,152762,152764,152766,152768,152770,152772,152774,152776,152778,152780],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,152737,36160],{"class":56},[50,152739,61],{"class":60},[50,152741,521],{"class":64},[50,152743,811],{"class":604},[50,152745,421],{"class":608},[50,152747,811],{"class":604},[50,152749,72],{"class":64},[50,152751,700],{"class":604},[50,152753,4839],{"class":608},[50,152755,811],{"class":604},[50,152757,72],{"class":64},[50,152759,700],{"class":604},[50,152761,9817],{"class":608},[50,152763,811],{"class":604},[50,152765,72],{"class":64},[50,152767,700],{"class":604},[50,152769,4839],{"class":608},[50,152771,811],{"class":604},[50,152773,72],{"class":64},[50,152775,700],{"class":604},[50,152777,18837],{"class":608},[50,152779,811],{"class":604},[50,152781,105],{"class":64},[50,152783,152784],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,152785,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,152787,152788,152790,152792,152794,152796,152798,152800,152802,152804,152806,152808],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,152789,118],{"class":94},[50,152791,98],{"class":64},[50,152793,36213],{"class":101},[50,152795,425],{"class":64},[50,152797,35915],{"class":101},[50,152799,98],{"class":64},[50,152801,811],{"class":604},[50,152803,4839],{"class":608},[50,152805,811],{"class":604},[50,152807,5440],{"class":64},[50,152809,152810],{"class":129},"        # 1\n",[50,152812,152813,152815,152817,152819,152821,152823,152825,152827,152829,152831,152833,152835,152837],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,152814,118],{"class":94},[50,152816,98],{"class":64},[50,152818,36213],{"class":101},[50,152820,425],{"class":64},[50,152822,35915],{"class":101},[50,152824,98],{"class":64},[50,152826,811],{"class":604},[50,152828,4839],{"class":608},[50,152830,811],{"class":604},[50,152832,72],{"class":64},[50,152834,80],{"class":68},[50,152836,5440],{"class":64},[50,152838,50988],{"class":129},[50,152840,152841,152843,152845,152847,152849,152851,152853,152855,152857,152859,152861,152863,152865,152867,152869],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,152842,118],{"class":94},[50,152844,98],{"class":64},[50,152846,36213],{"class":101},[50,152848,425],{"class":64},[50,152850,35915],{"class":101},[50,152852,98],{"class":64},[50,152854,811],{"class":604},[50,152856,4839],{"class":608},[50,152858,811],{"class":604},[50,152860,72],{"class":64},[50,152862,75],{"class":68},[50,152864,72],{"class":64},[50,152866,500],{"class":68},[50,152868,5440],{"class":64},[50,152870,27849],{"class":129},[36,152872,103420],{"id":103419},[20,152874,152875,25577],{},[15,152876,149110],{},[158,152878,152879,152882],{},[161,152880,152881],{},"An integer",[161,152883,152884],{},"The position of the first matching item",[20,152886,152887],{},"If the value appears more than once, later matches are ignored.",[20,152889,1602],{},[41,152891,152893],{"className":43,"code":152892,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"animals = (\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\", \"dog\")\nresult = animals.index(\"dog\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,152894,152895,152935,152957],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,152896,152897,152899,152901,152903,152905,152907,152909,152911,152913,152915,152917,152919,152921,152923,152925,152927,152929,152931,152933],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,152898,108519],{"class":56},[50,152900,61],{"class":60},[50,152902,521],{"class":64},[50,152904,811],{"class":604},[50,152906,37116],{"class":608},[50,152908,811],{"class":604},[50,152910,72],{"class":64},[50,152912,700],{"class":604},[50,152914,58194],{"class":608},[50,152916,811],{"class":604},[50,152918,72],{"class":64},[50,152920,700],{"class":604},[50,152922,58211],{"class":608},[50,152924,811],{"class":604},[50,152926,72],{"class":64},[50,152928,700],{"class":604},[50,152930,58194],{"class":608},[50,152932,811],{"class":604},[50,152934,105],{"class":64},[50,152936,152937,152939,152941,152943,152945,152947,152949,152951,152953,152955],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,152938,89],{"class":56},[50,152940,61],{"class":60},[50,152942,108562],{"class":56},[50,152944,425],{"class":64},[50,152946,35915],{"class":101},[50,152948,98],{"class":64},[50,152950,811],{"class":604},[50,152952,58194],{"class":608},[50,152954,811],{"class":604},[50,152956,105],{"class":64},[50,152958,152959,152961,152963,152965],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,152960,118],{"class":94},[50,152962,98],{"class":64},[50,152964,123],{"class":101},[50,152966,105],{"class":64},[20,152968,353],{},[41,152970,152971],{"className":43,"code":46987,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,152972,152973],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,152974,152975],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,152976,46987],{"class":68},[36,152978,152980],{"id":152979},"when-to-use-it","When to use it",[20,152982,920,152983,1504],{},[15,152984,149110],{},[158,152986,152987,152989,152992],{},[161,152988,66159],{},[161,152990,152991],{},"You want to find where an item first appears",[161,152993,152994],{},"You are working with a small fixed collection stored as a tuple",[20,152996,152997,152998,153001,153002,425],{},"If you already know the position, use normal tuple indexing instead, such as ",[15,152999,153000],{},"my_tuple[0]",". For a full explanation, see ",[421,153003,149578],{"href":153004},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained",[36,153006,65691],{"id":65690},[20,153008,153009,153010,425],{},"If the value is not in the tuple, Python raises a ",[15,153011,40773],{},[20,153013,1602],{},[41,153015,153017],{"className":43,"code":153016,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\n",[15,153018,153019,153051],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,153020,153021,153023,153025,153027,153029,153031,153033,153035,153037,153039,153041,153043,153045,153047,153049],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,153022,13149],{"class":56},[50,153024,61],{"class":60},[50,153026,521],{"class":64},[50,153028,811],{"class":604},[50,153030,13166],{"class":608},[50,153032,811],{"class":604},[50,153034,72],{"class":64},[50,153036,700],{"class":604},[50,153038,13183],{"class":608},[50,153040,811],{"class":604},[50,153042,72],{"class":64},[50,153044,700],{"class":604},[50,153046,17525],{"class":608},[50,153048,811],{"class":604},[50,153050,105],{"class":64},[50,153052,153053,153055,153057,153059,153061,153063,153065,153067,153069,153071],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,153054,118],{"class":94},[50,153056,98],{"class":64},[50,153058,17572],{"class":101},[50,153060,425],{"class":64},[50,153062,35915],{"class":101},[50,153064,98],{"class":64},[50,153066,811],{"class":604},[50,153068,22593],{"class":608},[50,153070,811],{"class":604},[50,153072,478],{"class":64},[20,153074,39722,153075,153077],{},[15,153076,109844],{}," is not in the tuple.",[20,153079,65766],{},[41,153081,153083],{"className":43,"code":153082,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\n\nif \"yellow\" in colors:\n    print(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,153084,153085,153117,153121,153137,153159,153165],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,153086,153087,153089,153091,153093,153095,153097,153099,153101,153103,153105,153107,153109,153111,153113,153115],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,153088,13149],{"class":56},[50,153090,61],{"class":60},[50,153092,521],{"class":64},[50,153094,811],{"class":604},[50,153096,13166],{"class":608},[50,153098,811],{"class":604},[50,153100,72],{"class":64},[50,153102,700],{"class":604},[50,153104,13183],{"class":608},[50,153106,811],{"class":604},[50,153108,72],{"class":64},[50,153110,700],{"class":604},[50,153112,17525],{"class":608},[50,153114,811],{"class":604},[50,153116,105],{"class":64},[50,153118,153119],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,153120,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,153122,153123,153125,153127,153129,153131,153133,153135],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,153124,7076],{"class":3957},[50,153126,700],{"class":604},[50,153128,22593],{"class":608},[50,153130,811],{"class":604},[50,153132,21243],{"class":60},[50,153134,13197],{"class":56},[50,153136,6470],{"class":64},[50,153138,153139,153141,153143,153145,153147,153149,153151,153153,153155,153157],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,153140,8148],{"class":94},[50,153142,98],{"class":64},[50,153144,17572],{"class":101},[50,153146,425],{"class":64},[50,153148,35915],{"class":101},[50,153150,98],{"class":64},[50,153152,811],{"class":604},[50,153154,22593],{"class":608},[50,153156,811],{"class":604},[50,153158,478],{"class":64},[50,153160,153161,153163],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,153162,27503],{"class":3957},[50,153164,6470],{"class":64},[50,153166,153167,153169,153171,153173,153176,153178],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,153168,8148],{"class":94},[50,153170,98],{"class":64},[50,153172,811],{"class":604},[50,153174,153175],{"class":608},"Value not found",[50,153177,811],{"class":604},[50,153179,105],{"class":64},[20,153181,353],{},[41,153183,153185],{"className":43,"code":153184,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Value not found\n",[15,153186,153187],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,153188,153189,153192,153194],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,153190,153191],{"class":56},"Value ",[50,153193,4709],{"class":60},[50,153195,65890],{"class":56},[20,153197,153198,153199,425],{},"If you want to learn more about this kind of error, see ",[421,153200,65900],{"href":65899},[36,153202,914,153203,4472,153205],{"id":65467},[15,153204,36142],{},[15,153206,52730],{},[20,153208,1185,153209,4472,153211,153213],{},[15,153210,36142],{},[15,153212,52730],{}," arguments let you search only part of a tuple.",[20,153215,153216],{},"This is helpful when the same value appears multiple times.",[20,153218,1602],{},[41,153220,153222],{"className":43,"code":153221,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5))        # 0\nprint(values.index(5, 1))     # 2\nprint(values.index(5, 3, 5))  # 4\n",[15,153223,153224,153252,153256,153277,153301],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,153225,153226,153228,153230,153232,153234,153236,153238,153240,153242,153244,153246,153248,153250],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,153227,516],{"class":56},[50,153229,61],{"class":60},[50,153231,521],{"class":64},[50,153233,290],{"class":68},[50,153235,72],{"class":64},[50,153237,6082],{"class":68},[50,153239,72],{"class":64},[50,153241,375],{"class":68},[50,153243,72],{"class":64},[50,153245,840],{"class":68},[50,153247,72],{"class":64},[50,153249,375],{"class":68},[50,153251,105],{"class":64},[50,153253,153254],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,153255,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,153257,153258,153260,153262,153264,153266,153268,153270,153272,153274],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,153259,118],{"class":94},[50,153261,98],{"class":64},[50,153263,546],{"class":101},[50,153265,425],{"class":64},[50,153267,35915],{"class":101},[50,153269,98],{"class":64},[50,153271,290],{"class":68},[50,153273,5440],{"class":64},[50,153275,153276],{"class":129},"        # 0\n",[50,153278,153279,153281,153283,153285,153287,153289,153291,153293,153295,153297,153299],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,153280,118],{"class":94},[50,153282,98],{"class":64},[50,153284,546],{"class":101},[50,153286,425],{"class":64},[50,153288,35915],{"class":101},[50,153290,98],{"class":64},[50,153292,290],{"class":68},[50,153294,72],{"class":64},[50,153296,75],{"class":68},[50,153298,5440],{"class":64},[50,153300,51022],{"class":129},[50,153302,153303,153305,153307,153309,153311,153313,153315,153317,153319,153321,153323,153325,153327],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,153304,118],{"class":94},[50,153306,98],{"class":64},[50,153308,546],{"class":101},[50,153310,425],{"class":64},[50,153312,35915],{"class":101},[50,153314,98],{"class":64},[50,153316,290],{"class":68},[50,153318,72],{"class":64},[50,153320,500],{"class":68},[50,153322,72],{"class":64},[50,153324,375],{"class":68},[50,153326,5440],{"class":64},[50,153328,51005],{"class":129},[222,153330,153332],{"id":153331},"how-it-works","How it works",[158,153334,153335,153340,153345],{},[161,153336,153337,153339],{},[15,153338,36142],{}," tells Python where to begin searching",[161,153341,153342,153344],{},[15,153343,52730],{}," tells Python where to stop searching",[161,153346,1185,153347,153349],{},[15,153348,52730],{}," position itself is not included",[20,153351,1602],{},[41,153353,153355],{"className":43,"code":153354,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5, 1, 4))\n",[15,153356,153357,153385,153389],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,153358,153359,153361,153363,153365,153367,153369,153371,153373,153375,153377,153379,153381,153383],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,153360,516],{"class":56},[50,153362,61],{"class":60},[50,153364,521],{"class":64},[50,153366,290],{"class":68},[50,153368,72],{"class":64},[50,153370,6082],{"class":68},[50,153372,72],{"class":64},[50,153374,375],{"class":68},[50,153376,72],{"class":64},[50,153378,840],{"class":68},[50,153380,72],{"class":64},[50,153382,375],{"class":68},[50,153384,105],{"class":64},[50,153386,153387],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,153388,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,153390,153391,153393,153395,153397,153399,153401,153403,153405,153407,153409,153411,153413],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,153392,118],{"class":94},[50,153394,98],{"class":64},[50,153396,546],{"class":101},[50,153398,425],{"class":64},[50,153400,35915],{"class":101},[50,153402,98],{"class":64},[50,153404,290],{"class":68},[50,153406,72],{"class":64},[50,153408,75],{"class":68},[50,153410,72],{"class":64},[50,153412,2554],{"class":68},[50,153414,478],{"class":64},[20,153416,353],{},[41,153418,153419],{"className":43,"code":17128,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,153420,153421],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,153422,153423],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,153424,17128],{"class":68},[20,153426,153427,153428,31,153430,17144,153432,153434,153435,425],{},"Python searches positions ",[15,153429,366],{},[15,153431,1564],{},[15,153433,69],{},", but not ",[15,153436,2602],{},[36,153438,153440],{"id":153439},"beginner-tips","Beginner tips",[20,153442,153443,153444,819],{},"Keep these points in mind when using ",[15,153445,149110],{},[158,153447,153448,153456,153461,153468],{},[161,153449,153450,153451,153453,153454],{},"Do not confuse the ",[3824,153452,2570],{}," with the ",[3824,153455,35915],{},[161,153457,153458,153459],{},"Remember that indexing starts at ",[15,153460,2220],{},[161,153462,920,153463,153467],{},[421,153464,149136,153465,10816],{"href":149188},[15,153466,57357],{}," if you need to know how many times a value appears",[161,153469,153470,153471,153473],{},"Use normal indexing like ",[15,153472,153000],{}," when you already know the position",[20,153475,153476],{},"Example of value vs index:",[41,153478,153480],{"className":43,"code":153479,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits.index(\"banana\"))  # 1\nprint(fruits[1])               # banana\n",[15,153481,153482,153514,153518,153542],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,153483,153484,153486,153488,153490,153492,153494,153496,153498,153500,153502,153504,153506,153508,153510,153512],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,153485,36307],{"class":56},[50,153487,61],{"class":60},[50,153489,521],{"class":64},[50,153491,811],{"class":604},[50,153493,1049],{"class":608},[50,153495,811],{"class":604},[50,153497,72],{"class":64},[50,153499,700],{"class":604},[50,153501,1058],{"class":608},[50,153503,811],{"class":604},[50,153505,72],{"class":64},[50,153507,700],{"class":604},[50,153509,33291],{"class":608},[50,153511,811],{"class":604},[50,153513,105],{"class":64},[50,153515,153516],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,153517,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,153519,153520,153522,153524,153526,153528,153530,153532,153534,153536,153538,153540],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,153521,118],{"class":94},[50,153523,98],{"class":64},[50,153525,36359],{"class":101},[50,153527,425],{"class":64},[50,153529,35915],{"class":101},[50,153531,98],{"class":64},[50,153533,811],{"class":604},[50,153535,1058],{"class":608},[50,153537,811],{"class":604},[50,153539,5440],{"class":64},[50,153541,27849],{"class":129},[50,153543,153544,153546,153548,153550,153552,153554,153556],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,153545,118],{"class":94},[50,153547,98],{"class":64},[50,153549,36359],{"class":101},[50,153551,363],{"class":64},[50,153553,366],{"class":68},[50,153555,20516],{"class":64},[50,153557,153558],{"class":129},"               # banana\n",[20,153560,2278],{},[158,153562,153563,153567],{},[161,153564,153565,15319],{},[15,153566,65335],{},[161,153568,153569,153571],{},[15,153570,366],{}," is the index",[36,153573,1743],{"id":1742},[20,153575,106158,153576,819],{},[15,153577,149110],{},[158,153579,153580,153583,153588,153593,153600],{},[161,153581,153582],{},"Searching for a value that is not inside the tuple",[161,153584,8532,153585,153587],{},[15,153586,59035],{}," to return all matching positions",[161,153589,153590,153591],{},"Forgetting that the first item is at index ",[15,153592,2220],{},[161,153594,153595,153596,4472,153598],{},"Using the wrong search range with ",[15,153597,36142],{},[15,153599,52730],{},[161,153601,37273,153602,153604],{},[15,153603,149110],{}," with similar methods on strings or lists",[222,153606,60775],{"id":60774},[20,153608,94420],{},[41,153610,153612],{"className":43,"code":153611,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(value in my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple.count(value))\nprint(my_tuple.index(value))\n",[15,153613,153614,153624,153638,153653,153671],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,153615,153616,153618,153620,153622],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,153617,118],{"class":94},[50,153619,98],{"class":64},[50,153621,147923],{"class":101},[50,153623,105],{"class":64},[50,153625,153626,153628,153630,153632,153634,153636],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,153627,118],{"class":94},[50,153629,98],{"class":64},[50,153631,1267],{"class":94},[50,153633,98],{"class":64},[50,153635,147923],{"class":101},[50,153637,478],{"class":64},[50,153639,153640,153642,153644,153646,153648,153651],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,153641,118],{"class":94},[50,153643,98],{"class":64},[50,153645,2544],{"class":101},[50,153647,3964],{"class":3957},[50,153649,153650],{"class":101}," my_tuple",[50,153652,105],{"class":64},[50,153654,153655,153657,153659,153661,153663,153665,153667,153669],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,153656,118],{"class":94},[50,153658,98],{"class":64},[50,153660,147923],{"class":101},[50,153662,425],{"class":64},[50,153664,41329],{"class":101},[50,153666,98],{"class":64},[50,153668,2570],{"class":101},[50,153670,478],{"class":64},[50,153672,153673,153675,153677,153679,153681,153683,153685,153687],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,153674,118],{"class":94},[50,153676,98],{"class":64},[50,153678,147923],{"class":101},[50,153680,425],{"class":64},[50,153682,35915],{"class":101},[50,153684,98],{"class":64},[50,153686,2570],{"class":101},[50,153688,478],{"class":64},[20,153690,153691,153692,84440,153694,153696],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will raise a ",[15,153693,40773],{},[15,153695,2570],{}," is missing.",[20,153698,129540],{},[41,153700,153702],{"className":43,"code":153701,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"if value in my_tuple:\n    print(my_tuple.index(value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,153703,153704,153716,153734,153740],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,153705,153706,153708,153710,153712,153714],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,153707,7076],{"class":3957},[50,153709,21653],{"class":56},[50,153711,3964],{"class":60},[50,153713,153650],{"class":56},[50,153715,6470],{"class":64},[50,153717,153718,153720,153722,153724,153726,153728,153730,153732],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,153719,8148],{"class":94},[50,153721,98],{"class":64},[50,153723,147923],{"class":101},[50,153725,425],{"class":64},[50,153727,35915],{"class":101},[50,153729,98],{"class":64},[50,153731,2570],{"class":101},[50,153733,478],{"class":64},[50,153735,153736,153738],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,153737,27503],{"class":3957},[50,153739,6470],{"class":64},[50,153741,153742,153744,153746,153748,153750,153752],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,153743,8148],{"class":94},[50,153745,98],{"class":64},[50,153747,811],{"class":604},[50,153749,153175],{"class":608},[50,153751,811],{"class":604},[50,153753,105],{"class":64},[36,153755,1913],{"id":1912},[222,153757,1927,153759,1930],{"id":153758},"what-does-tupleindex-return",[15,153760,149110],{},[20,153762,153763],{},"It returns the index of the first matching value in the tuple.",[222,153765,153767],{"id":153766},"what-if-the-value-appears-more-than-once","What if the value appears more than once?",[20,153769,153770,152637],{},[15,153771,149110],{},[222,153773,149089],{"id":149088},[20,153775,76912,153776,425],{},[15,153777,40773],{},[222,153779,153781],{"id":153780},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-tuple","Can I search only part of a tuple?",[20,153783,153784,153785,4472,153787,153789],{},"Yes. You can use ",[15,153786,36142],{},[15,153788,52730],{}," arguments to limit the search.",[222,153791,14975,153793,57272,153795,1943],{"id":153792},"is-tupleindex-the-same-as-listindex",[15,153794,149110],{},[15,153796,64926],{},[20,153798,153799],{},"They work in a very similar way, but one is for tuples and the other is for lists.",[36,153801,1975],{"id":1974},[158,153803,153804,153810,153814,153819,153823],{},[161,153805,153806],{},[421,153807,149136,153808,10816],{"href":149188},[15,153809,57357],{},[161,153811,153812],{},[421,153813,149578],{"href":153004},[161,153815,153816],{},[421,153817,153818],{"href":150884},"Creating a tuple in Python",[161,153820,153821],{},[421,153822,65900],{"href":65899},[161,153824,153825],{},[421,153826,150832],{"href":152642},[2018,153828,153829],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":153831},[153832,153833,153835,153838,153839,153840,153841,153844,153845,153848,153857],{"id":2104,"depth":86,"text":2105},{"id":152549,"depth":86,"text":153834},"What tuple.index() does",{"id":180,"depth":86,"text":181,"children":153836},[153837],{"id":224,"depth":108,"text":225},{"id":103419,"depth":86,"text":103420},{"id":152979,"depth":86,"text":152980},{"id":65690,"depth":86,"text":65691},{"id":65467,"depth":86,"text":66250,"children":153842},[153843],{"id":153331,"depth":108,"text":153332},{"id":153439,"depth":86,"text":153440},{"id":1742,"depth":86,"text":1743,"children":153846},[153847],{"id":60774,"depth":108,"text":60775},{"id":1912,"depth":86,"text":1913,"children":153849},[153850,153852,153853,153854,153855],{"id":153758,"depth":108,"text":153851},"What does tuple.index() return?",{"id":153766,"depth":108,"text":153767},{"id":149088,"depth":108,"text":149089},{"id":153780,"depth":108,"text":153781},{"id":153792,"depth":108,"text":153856},"Is tuple.index() the same as list.index()?",{"id":1974,"depth":86,"text":1975},"Master python tuple index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method",{"title":152444,"description":153858},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method","hFeA-En5My_vANu8tP2TUrxcbB-PyXux8kIT29TBrmo",{"id":153865,"title":153866,"body":153867,"description":155262,"extension":2064,"meta":155263,"navigation":111,"path":153004,"seo":155264,"stem":155265,"__hash__":155266},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained.md","Python Tuple Indexing Explained",{"type":7,"value":153868,"toc":155244},[153869,153872,153875,153878,153892,153894,153897,153991,154001,154007,154011,154014,154017,154019,154037,154039,154110,154112,154129,154133,154137,154140,154157,154160,154175,154177,154268,154271,154275,154278,154295,154297,154392,154395,154398,154402,154405,154499,154501,154520,154523,154527,154530,154532,154587,154589,154624,154627,154641,154649,154742,154751,154755,154758,154765,154768,154815,154817,154825,154828,154879,154881,154898,154903,154907,154910,154913,154915,154966,154969,155024,155027,155030,155032,155035,155055,155057,155130,155133,155146,155148,155152,155157,155161,155166,155183,155187,155190,155207,155211,155214,155216,155241],[10,153870,153866],{"id":153871},"python-tuple-indexing-explained",[20,153873,153874],{},"Tuple indexing is how you access one item in a tuple by its position.",[20,153876,153877],{},"Use this when you want to read a specific value from a tuple. On this page, the focus is on:",[158,153879,153880,153883,153886,153889],{},[161,153881,153882],{},"positive indexes",[161,153884,153885],{},"negative indexes",[161,153887,153888],{},"common indexing mistakes",[161,153890,153891],{},"what happens when an index does not exist",[36,153893,39],{"id":38},[20,153895,153896],{},"Use square brackets with a number after the tuple name.",[41,153898,153900],{"className":43,"code":153899,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n\nprint(colors[0])   # red\nprint(colors[1])   # green\nprint(colors[-1])  # blue\n",[15,153901,153902,153934,153938,153955,153972],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,153903,153904,153906,153908,153910,153912,153914,153916,153918,153920,153922,153924,153926,153928,153930,153932],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,153905,13149],{"class":56},[50,153907,61],{"class":60},[50,153909,521],{"class":64},[50,153911,811],{"class":604},[50,153913,13166],{"class":608},[50,153915,811],{"class":604},[50,153917,72],{"class":64},[50,153919,700],{"class":604},[50,153921,17525],{"class":608},[50,153923,811],{"class":604},[50,153925,72],{"class":64},[50,153927,700],{"class":604},[50,153929,13183],{"class":608},[50,153931,811],{"class":604},[50,153933,105],{"class":64},[50,153935,153936],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,153937,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,153939,153940,153942,153944,153946,153948,153950,153952],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,153941,118],{"class":94},[50,153943,98],{"class":64},[50,153945,17572],{"class":101},[50,153947,363],{"class":64},[50,153949,2220],{"class":68},[50,153951,20516],{"class":64},[50,153953,153954],{"class":129},"   # red\n",[50,153956,153957,153959,153961,153963,153965,153967,153969],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,153958,118],{"class":94},[50,153960,98],{"class":64},[50,153962,17572],{"class":101},[50,153964,363],{"class":64},[50,153966,366],{"class":68},[50,153968,20516],{"class":64},[50,153970,153971],{"class":129},"   # green\n",[50,153973,153974,153976,153978,153980,153982,153984,153986,153988],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,153975,118],{"class":94},[50,153977,98],{"class":64},[50,153979,17572],{"class":101},[50,153981,363],{"class":64},[50,153983,2124],{"class":60},[50,153985,366],{"class":68},[50,153987,20516],{"class":64},[50,153989,153990],{"class":129},"  # blue\n",[158,153992,153993,153998],{},[161,153994,132329,153995,153997],{},[15,153996,2220],{}," is the first item.",[161,153999,154000],{},"Negative indexes count from the end.",[20,154002,154003,154004,425],{},"If you need help creating tuples first, see ",[421,154005,154006],{"href":147908},"how to create a tuple in Python",[36,154008,154010],{"id":154009},"what-tuple-indexing-means","What tuple indexing means",[20,154012,154013],{},"An index is the position of an item in a tuple.",[20,154015,154016],{},"Tuple indexing works because tuples are ordered. That means each item has a fixed position.",[20,154018,11534],{},[158,154020,154021,154024,154031,154034],{},[161,154022,154023],{},"An index tells Python which item you want",[161,154025,154026,154027,19033,154029],{},"Python starts counting at ",[15,154028,2220],{},[15,154030,366],{},[161,154032,154033],{},"Indexing reads one item at a time",[161,154035,154036],{},"The tuple itself does not change when you read from it",[20,154038,1602],{},[41,154040,154042],{"className":43,"code":154041,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[0])\nprint(numbers[1])\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,154043,154044,154064,154068,154082,154096],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,154045,154046,154048,154050,154052,154054,154056,154058,154060,154062],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,154047,57],{"class":56},[50,154049,61],{"class":60},[50,154051,521],{"class":64},[50,154053,1618],{"class":68},[50,154055,72],{"class":64},[50,154057,840],{"class":68},[50,154059,72],{"class":64},[50,154061,1627],{"class":68},[50,154063,105],{"class":64},[50,154065,154066],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,154067,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,154069,154070,154072,154074,154076,154078,154080],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,154071,118],{"class":94},[50,154073,98],{"class":64},[50,154075,102],{"class":101},[50,154077,363],{"class":64},[50,154079,2220],{"class":68},[50,154081,3970],{"class":64},[50,154083,154084,154086,154088,154090,154092,154094],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,154085,118],{"class":94},[50,154087,98],{"class":64},[50,154089,102],{"class":101},[50,154091,363],{"class":64},[50,154093,366],{"class":68},[50,154095,3970],{"class":64},[50,154097,154098,154100,154102,154104,154106,154108],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,154099,118],{"class":94},[50,154101,98],{"class":64},[50,154103,102],{"class":101},[50,154105,363],{"class":64},[50,154107,1564],{"class":68},[50,154109,3970],{"class":64},[20,154111,353],{},[41,154113,154115],{"className":43,"code":154114,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"10\n20\n30\n",[15,154116,154117,154121,154125],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,154118,154119],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,154120,2473],{"class":68},[50,154122,154123],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,154124,71285],{"class":68},[50,154126,154127],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,154128,69901],{"class":68},[20,154130,59460,154131,425],{},[421,154132,147905],{"href":147904},[36,154134,154136],{"id":154135},"how-positive-indexes-work","How positive indexes work",[20,154138,154139],{},"Positive indexes count from the beginning of the tuple.",[158,154141,154142,154147,154152],{},[161,154143,154144,154146],{},[15,154145,2220],{}," = first item",[161,154148,154149,154151],{},[15,154150,366],{}," = second item",[161,154153,154154,154156],{},[15,154155,1564],{}," = third item",[20,154158,154159],{},"Pattern:",[41,154161,154163],{"className":43,"code":154162,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"tuple_name[index]\n",[15,154164,154165],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,154166,154167,154169,154171,154173],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,154168,152660],{"class":56},[50,154170,363],{"class":64},[50,154172,35915],{"class":56},[50,154174,83],{"class":64},[20,154176,1602],{},[41,154178,154180],{"className":43,"code":154179,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[0])  # apple\nprint(fruits[1])  # banana\nprint(fruits[2])  # cherry\n",[15,154181,154182,154214,154218,154235,154251],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,154183,154184,154186,154188,154190,154192,154194,154196,154198,154200,154202,154204,154206,154208,154210,154212],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,154185,36307],{"class":56},[50,154187,61],{"class":60},[50,154189,521],{"class":64},[50,154191,811],{"class":604},[50,154193,1049],{"class":608},[50,154195,811],{"class":604},[50,154197,72],{"class":64},[50,154199,700],{"class":604},[50,154201,1058],{"class":608},[50,154203,811],{"class":604},[50,154205,72],{"class":64},[50,154207,700],{"class":604},[50,154209,1067],{"class":608},[50,154211,811],{"class":604},[50,154213,105],{"class":64},[50,154215,154216],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,154217,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,154219,154220,154222,154224,154226,154228,154230,154232],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,154221,118],{"class":94},[50,154223,98],{"class":64},[50,154225,36359],{"class":101},[50,154227,363],{"class":64},[50,154229,2220],{"class":68},[50,154231,20516],{"class":64},[50,154233,154234],{"class":129},"  # apple\n",[50,154236,154237,154239,154241,154243,154245,154247,154249],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,154238,118],{"class":94},[50,154240,98],{"class":64},[50,154242,36359],{"class":101},[50,154244,363],{"class":64},[50,154246,366],{"class":68},[50,154248,20516],{"class":64},[50,154250,51555],{"class":129},[50,154252,154253,154255,154257,154259,154261,154263,154265],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,154254,118],{"class":94},[50,154256,98],{"class":64},[50,154258,36359],{"class":101},[50,154260,363],{"class":64},[50,154262,1564],{"class":68},[50,154264,20516],{"class":64},[50,154266,154267],{"class":129},"  # cherry\n",[20,154269,154270],{},"This is the most common way to access tuple items when you know the position from the start.",[36,154272,154274],{"id":154273},"how-negative-indexes-work","How negative indexes work",[20,154276,154277],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the tuple.",[158,154279,154280,154285,154290],{},[161,154281,154282,154284],{},[15,154283,65915],{}," = last item",[161,154286,154287,154289],{},[15,154288,95450],{}," = second-to-last item",[161,154291,154292,154294],{},[15,154293,47741],{}," = third-to-last item",[20,154296,1602],{},[41,154298,154300],{"className":43,"code":154299,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[-1])  # cherry\nprint(fruits[-2])  # banana\nprint(fruits[-3])  # apple\n",[15,154301,154302,154334,154338,154356,154374],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,154303,154304,154306,154308,154310,154312,154314,154316,154318,154320,154322,154324,154326,154328,154330,154332],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,154305,36307],{"class":56},[50,154307,61],{"class":60},[50,154309,521],{"class":64},[50,154311,811],{"class":604},[50,154313,1049],{"class":608},[50,154315,811],{"class":604},[50,154317,72],{"class":64},[50,154319,700],{"class":604},[50,154321,1058],{"class":608},[50,154323,811],{"class":604},[50,154325,72],{"class":64},[50,154327,700],{"class":604},[50,154329,1067],{"class":608},[50,154331,811],{"class":604},[50,154333,105],{"class":64},[50,154335,154336],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,154337,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,154339,154340,154342,154344,154346,154348,154350,154352,154354],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,154341,118],{"class":94},[50,154343,98],{"class":64},[50,154345,36359],{"class":101},[50,154347,363],{"class":64},[50,154349,2124],{"class":60},[50,154351,366],{"class":68},[50,154353,20516],{"class":64},[50,154355,154267],{"class":129},[50,154357,154358,154360,154362,154364,154366,154368,154370,154372],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,154359,118],{"class":94},[50,154361,98],{"class":64},[50,154363,36359],{"class":101},[50,154365,363],{"class":64},[50,154367,2124],{"class":60},[50,154369,1564],{"class":68},[50,154371,20516],{"class":64},[50,154373,51555],{"class":129},[50,154375,154376,154378,154380,154382,154384,154386,154388,154390],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,154377,118],{"class":94},[50,154379,98],{"class":64},[50,154381,36359],{"class":101},[50,154383,363],{"class":64},[50,154385,2124],{"class":60},[50,154387,69],{"class":68},[50,154389,20516],{"class":64},[50,154391,154234],{"class":129},[20,154393,154394],{},"Negative indexing is useful when you need the last item but do not want to calculate its position manually.",[20,154396,154397],{},"This is especially helpful when the tuple size may change.",[36,154399,154401],{"id":154400},"example-with-a-simple-tuple","Example with a simple tuple",[20,154403,154404],{},"Here is a simple example that reads the first, middle, and last item from a tuple.",[41,154406,154408],{"className":43,"code":154407,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"names = (\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\")\n\nprint(names[0])   # first item\nprint(names[1])   # middle item\nprint(names[-1])  # last item\n",[15,154409,154410,154442,154446,154463,154480],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,154411,154412,154414,154416,154418,154420,154422,154424,154426,154428,154430,154432,154434,154436,154438,154440],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,154413,5074],{"class":56},[50,154415,61],{"class":60},[50,154417,521],{"class":64},[50,154419,811],{"class":604},[50,154421,824],{"class":608},[50,154423,811],{"class":604},[50,154425,72],{"class":64},[50,154427,700],{"class":604},[50,154429,36010],{"class":608},[50,154431,811],{"class":604},[50,154433,72],{"class":64},[50,154435,700],{"class":604},[50,154437,36019],{"class":608},[50,154439,811],{"class":604},[50,154441,105],{"class":64},[50,154443,154444],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,154445,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,154447,154448,154450,154452,154454,154456,154458,154460],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,154449,118],{"class":94},[50,154451,98],{"class":64},[50,154453,5118],{"class":101},[50,154455,363],{"class":64},[50,154457,2220],{"class":68},[50,154459,20516],{"class":64},[50,154461,154462],{"class":129},"   # first item\n",[50,154464,154465,154467,154469,154471,154473,154475,154477],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,154466,118],{"class":94},[50,154468,98],{"class":64},[50,154470,5118],{"class":101},[50,154472,363],{"class":64},[50,154474,366],{"class":68},[50,154476,20516],{"class":64},[50,154478,154479],{"class":129},"   # middle item\n",[50,154481,154482,154484,154486,154488,154490,154492,154494,154496],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,154483,118],{"class":94},[50,154485,98],{"class":64},[50,154487,5118],{"class":101},[50,154489,363],{"class":64},[50,154491,2124],{"class":60},[50,154493,366],{"class":68},[50,154495,20516],{"class":64},[50,154497,154498],{"class":129},"  # last item\n",[20,154500,353],{},[41,154502,154504],{"className":43,"code":154503,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Ana\nBen\nCara\n",[15,154505,154506,154510,154515],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,154507,154508],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,154509,50109],{"class":56},[50,154511,154512],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,154513,154514],{"class":56},"Ben\n",[50,154516,154517],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,154518,154519],{"class":56},"Cara\n",[20,154521,154522],{},"Notice that indexing only reads values. It does not modify the tuple.",[36,154524,154526],{"id":154525},"indexerror-when-the-position-does-not-exist","IndexError when the position does not exist",[20,154528,154529],{},"If you try to access an index that is outside the tuple length, Python raises an error.",[20,154531,1602],{},[41,154533,154535],{"className":43,"code":154534,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(letters[5])\n",[15,154536,154537,154569,154573],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,154538,154539,154541,154543,154545,154547,154549,154551,154553,154555,154557,154559,154561,154563,154565,154567],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,154540,36160],{"class":56},[50,154542,61],{"class":60},[50,154544,521],{"class":64},[50,154546,811],{"class":604},[50,154548,421],{"class":608},[50,154550,811],{"class":604},[50,154552,72],{"class":64},[50,154554,700],{"class":604},[50,154556,4839],{"class":608},[50,154558,811],{"class":604},[50,154560,72],{"class":64},[50,154562,700],{"class":604},[50,154564,9817],{"class":608},[50,154566,811],{"class":604},[50,154568,105],{"class":64},[50,154570,154571],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,154572,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,154574,154575,154577,154579,154581,154583,154585],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,154576,118],{"class":94},[50,154578,98],{"class":64},[50,154580,36213],{"class":101},[50,154582,363],{"class":64},[50,154584,290],{"class":68},[50,154586,3970],{"class":64},[20,154588,353],{},[41,154590,154592],{"className":43,"code":154591,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Traceback (most recent call last):\n  ...\nIndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,154593,154594,154606,154611],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,154595,154596,154599,154601,154604],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,154597,154598],{"class":101},"Traceback ",[50,154600,98],{"class":64},[50,154602,154603],{"class":101},"most recent call last",[50,154605,8421],{"class":64},[50,154607,154608],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,154609,154610],{"class":34524},"  ...\n",[50,154612,154613,154615,154617,154619,154622],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,154614,70792],{"class":557},[50,154616,819],{"class":64},[50,154618,149271],{"class":557},[50,154620,154621],{"class":56}," index out of ",[50,154623,70984],{"class":94},[20,154625,154626],{},"This happens because the tuple has only 3 items, so valid positive indexes are:",[158,154628,154629,154633,154637],{},[161,154630,154631],{},[15,154632,2220],{},[161,154634,154635],{},[15,154636,366],{},[161,154638,154639],{},[15,154640,1564],{},[20,154642,154643,154644,425],{},"One simple way to avoid this is to check the length first with ",[421,154645,154646,154648],{"href":149143},[15,154647,1454],{}," on a tuple",[41,154650,154652],{"className":43,"code":154651,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(len(letters))  # 3\n\nif len(letters) > 2:\n    print(letters[2])\n",[15,154653,154654,154686,154690,154706,154710,154728],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,154655,154656,154658,154660,154662,154664,154666,154668,154670,154672,154674,154676,154678,154680,154682,154684],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,154657,36160],{"class":56},[50,154659,61],{"class":60},[50,154661,521],{"class":64},[50,154663,811],{"class":604},[50,154665,421],{"class":608},[50,154667,811],{"class":604},[50,154669,72],{"class":64},[50,154671,700],{"class":604},[50,154673,4839],{"class":608},[50,154675,811],{"class":604},[50,154677,72],{"class":64},[50,154679,700],{"class":604},[50,154681,9817],{"class":608},[50,154683,811],{"class":604},[50,154685,105],{"class":64},[50,154687,154688],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,154689,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,154691,154692,154694,154696,154698,154700,154702,154704],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,154693,118],{"class":94},[50,154695,98],{"class":64},[50,154697,1267],{"class":94},[50,154699,98],{"class":64},[50,154701,36213],{"class":101},[50,154703,5440],{"class":64},[50,154705,50840],{"class":129},[50,154707,154708],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,154709,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,154711,154712,154714,154716,154718,154720,154722,154724,154726],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,154713,7076],{"class":3957},[50,154715,38454],{"class":94},[50,154717,98],{"class":64},[50,154719,36213],{"class":101},[50,154721,126],{"class":64},[50,154723,38464],{"class":60},[50,154725,80],{"class":68},[50,154727,6470],{"class":64},[50,154729,154730,154732,154734,154736,154738,154740],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,154731,8148],{"class":94},[50,154733,98],{"class":64},[50,154735,36213],{"class":101},[50,154737,363],{"class":64},[50,154739,1564],{"class":68},[50,154741,3970],{"class":64},[20,154743,154744,154745,425],{},"If you are dealing with this error now, see ",[421,154746,25748,154748],{"href":154747},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix\u002F",[15,154749,154750],{},"IndexError: tuple index out of range",[36,154752,154754],{"id":154753},"tuple-indexing-vs-tuple-slicing","Tuple indexing vs tuple slicing",[20,154756,154757],{},"Indexing and slicing are related, but they are not the same.",[158,154759,154760,154762],{},[161,154761,76929],{},[161,154763,154764],{},"Slicing gets a range of items",[20,154766,154767],{},"Indexing example:",[41,154769,154771],{"className":43,"code":154770,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1])\n",[15,154772,154773,154797,154801],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,154774,154775,154777,154779,154781,154783,154785,154787,154789,154791,154793,154795],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,154776,57],{"class":56},[50,154778,61],{"class":60},[50,154780,521],{"class":64},[50,154782,1618],{"class":68},[50,154784,72],{"class":64},[50,154786,840],{"class":68},[50,154788,72],{"class":64},[50,154790,1627],{"class":68},[50,154792,72],{"class":64},[50,154794,50913],{"class":68},[50,154796,105],{"class":64},[50,154798,154799],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,154800,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,154802,154803,154805,154807,154809,154811,154813],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,154804,118],{"class":94},[50,154806,98],{"class":64},[50,154808,102],{"class":101},[50,154810,363],{"class":64},[50,154812,366],{"class":68},[50,154814,3970],{"class":64},[20,154816,353],{},[41,154818,154819],{"className":43,"code":71285,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,154820,154821],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,154822,154823],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,154824,71285],{"class":68},[20,154826,154827],{},"Slicing example:",[41,154829,154831],{"className":43,"code":154830,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,154832,154833,154857,154861],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,154834,154835,154837,154839,154841,154843,154845,154847,154849,154851,154853,154855],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,154836,57],{"class":56},[50,154838,61],{"class":60},[50,154840,521],{"class":64},[50,154842,1618],{"class":68},[50,154844,72],{"class":64},[50,154846,840],{"class":68},[50,154848,72],{"class":64},[50,154850,1627],{"class":68},[50,154852,72],{"class":64},[50,154854,50913],{"class":68},[50,154856,105],{"class":64},[50,154858,154859],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,154860,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,154862,154863,154865,154867,154869,154871,154873,154875,154877],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,154864,118],{"class":94},[50,154866,98],{"class":64},[50,154868,102],{"class":101},[50,154870,363],{"class":64},[50,154872,366],{"class":68},[50,154874,819],{"class":64},[50,154876,69],{"class":68},[50,154878,3970],{"class":64},[20,154880,353],{},[41,154882,154884],{"className":43,"code":154883,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"(20, 30)\n",[15,154885,154886],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,154887,154888,154890,154892,154894,154896],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,154889,98],{"class":64},[50,154891,15826],{"class":68},[50,154893,72],{"class":64},[50,154895,1627],{"class":68},[50,154897,105],{"class":64},[20,154899,154900,154901,425],{},"This page focuses on getting one item by position. If you want to get multiple items, see ",[421,154902,150822],{"href":150821},[36,154904,154906],{"id":154905},"important-beginner-note-about-tuples","Important beginner note about tuples",[20,154908,154909],{},"You can read tuple items by index, but you cannot change them by index.",[20,154911,154912],{},"Tuples are immutable. That means their values cannot be changed after creation.",[20,154914,6766],{},[41,154916,154918],{"className":43,"code":154917,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors[1])\n",[15,154919,154920,154952],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,154921,154922,154924,154926,154928,154930,154932,154934,154936,154938,154940,154942,154944,154946,154948,154950],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,154923,13149],{"class":56},[50,154925,61],{"class":60},[50,154927,521],{"class":64},[50,154929,811],{"class":604},[50,154931,13166],{"class":608},[50,154933,811],{"class":604},[50,154935,72],{"class":64},[50,154937,700],{"class":604},[50,154939,17525],{"class":608},[50,154941,811],{"class":604},[50,154943,72],{"class":64},[50,154945,700],{"class":604},[50,154947,13183],{"class":608},[50,154949,811],{"class":604},[50,154951,105],{"class":64},[50,154953,154954,154956,154958,154960,154962,154964],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,154955,118],{"class":94},[50,154957,98],{"class":64},[50,154959,17572],{"class":101},[50,154961,363],{"class":64},[50,154963,366],{"class":68},[50,154965,3970],{"class":64},[20,154967,154968],{},"But this does not work:",[41,154970,154972],{"className":43,"code":154971,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\ncolors[1] = \"yellow\"\n",[15,154973,154974,155006],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,154975,154976,154978,154980,154982,154984,154986,154988,154990,154992,154994,154996,154998,155000,155002,155004],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,154977,13149],{"class":56},[50,154979,61],{"class":60},[50,154981,521],{"class":64},[50,154983,811],{"class":604},[50,154985,13166],{"class":608},[50,154987,811],{"class":604},[50,154989,72],{"class":64},[50,154991,700],{"class":604},[50,154993,17525],{"class":608},[50,154995,811],{"class":604},[50,154997,72],{"class":64},[50,154999,700],{"class":604},[50,155001,13183],{"class":608},[50,155003,811],{"class":604},[50,155005,105],{"class":64},[50,155007,155008,155010,155012,155014,155016,155018,155020,155022],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,155009,17572],{"class":56},[50,155011,363],{"class":64},[50,155013,366],{"class":68},[50,155015,13346],{"class":64},[50,155017,13349],{"class":60},[50,155019,700],{"class":604},[50,155021,22593],{"class":608},[50,155023,705],{"class":604},[20,155025,155026],{},"Python will raise an error because tuple items cannot be reassigned.",[20,155028,155029],{},"If you need a collection where items can be changed, use a list instead.",[36,155031,1743],{"id":1742},[20,155033,155034],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with tuple indexing:",[158,155036,155037,155043,155046,155049],{},[161,155038,132633,155039,1940,155041],{},[15,155040,366],{},[15,155042,2220],{},[161,155044,155045],{},"Using an index that is too large",[161,155047,155048],{},"Confusing negative indexes with subtraction",[161,155050,155051,155052],{},"Trying to assign a new value to ",[15,155053,155054],{},"tuple[index]",[20,155056,62359],{},[41,155058,155060],{"className":43,"code":155059,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(my_tuple[0])\nprint(my_tuple[-1])\nprint(type(my_tuple))\n",[15,155061,155062,155072,155086,155100,155116],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,155063,155064,155066,155068,155070],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,155065,118],{"class":94},[50,155067,98],{"class":64},[50,155069,147923],{"class":101},[50,155071,105],{"class":64},[50,155073,155074,155076,155078,155080,155082,155084],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,155075,118],{"class":94},[50,155077,98],{"class":64},[50,155079,1267],{"class":94},[50,155081,98],{"class":64},[50,155083,147923],{"class":101},[50,155085,478],{"class":64},[50,155087,155088,155090,155092,155094,155096,155098],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,155089,118],{"class":94},[50,155091,98],{"class":64},[50,155093,147923],{"class":101},[50,155095,363],{"class":64},[50,155097,2220],{"class":68},[50,155099,3970],{"class":64},[50,155101,155102,155104,155106,155108,155110,155112,155114],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,155103,118],{"class":94},[50,155105,98],{"class":64},[50,155107,147923],{"class":101},[50,155109,363],{"class":64},[50,155111,2124],{"class":60},[50,155113,366],{"class":68},[50,155115,3970],{"class":64},[50,155117,155118,155120,155122,155124,155126,155128],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,155119,118],{"class":94},[50,155121,98],{"class":64},[50,155123,558],{"class":557},[50,155125,98],{"class":64},[50,155127,147923],{"class":101},[50,155129,478],{"class":64},[20,155131,155132],{},"These can help you confirm:",[158,155134,155135,155138,155140,155143],{},[161,155136,155137],{},"what the tuple contains",[161,155139,60849],{},[161,155141,155142],{},"what the first and last items are",[161,155144,155145],{},"whether the variable is really a tuple",[36,155147,1913],{"id":1912},[222,155149,155151],{"id":155150},"does-tuple-indexing-start-at-0","Does tuple indexing start at 0?",[20,155153,155154,155155,425],{},"Yes. The first item is at index ",[15,155156,2220],{},[222,155158,155160],{"id":155159},"how-do-i-get-the-last-item-in-a-tuple","How do I get the last item in a tuple?",[20,155162,920,155163,155165],{},[15,155164,65915],{}," as the index:",[41,155167,155169],{"className":43,"code":155168,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_tuple[-1]\n",[15,155170,155171],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,155172,155173,155175,155177,155179,155181],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,155174,147923],{"class":56},[50,155176,363],{"class":64},[50,155178,2124],{"class":60},[50,155180,366],{"class":68},[50,155182,83],{"class":64},[222,155184,155186],{"id":155185},"what-happens-if-i-use-an-invalid-index","What happens if I use an invalid index?",[20,155188,155189],{},"Python raises:",[41,155191,155193],{"className":43,"code":155192,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"IndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,155194,155195],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,155196,155197,155199,155201,155203,155205],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,155198,70792],{"class":557},[50,155200,819],{"class":64},[50,155202,149271],{"class":557},[50,155204,154621],{"class":56},[50,155206,70984],{"class":94},[222,155208,155210],{"id":155209},"can-i-change-a-tuple-item-using-its-index","Can I change a tuple item using its index?",[20,155212,155213],{},"No. Tuples are immutable, so indexed assignment is not allowed.",[36,155215,1975],{"id":1974},[158,155217,155218,155223,155227,155231,155237],{},[161,155219,155220],{},[421,155221,155222],{"href":147908},"How to create a tuple in Python",[161,155224,155225],{},[421,155226,150822],{"href":150821},[161,155228,155229],{},[421,155230,150827],{"href":149143},[161,155232,155233],{},[421,155234,26191,155235],{"href":154747},[15,155236,154750],{},[161,155238,155239],{},[421,155240,147905],{"href":147904},[2018,155242,155243],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":155245},[155246,155247,155248,155249,155250,155251,155252,155253,155254,155255,155261],{"id":38,"depth":86,"text":39},{"id":154009,"depth":86,"text":154010},{"id":154135,"depth":86,"text":154136},{"id":154273,"depth":86,"text":154274},{"id":154400,"depth":86,"text":154401},{"id":154525,"depth":86,"text":154526},{"id":154753,"depth":86,"text":154754},{"id":154905,"depth":86,"text":154906},{"id":1742,"depth":86,"text":1743},{"id":1912,"depth":86,"text":1913,"children":155256},[155257,155258,155259,155260],{"id":155150,"depth":108,"text":155151},{"id":155159,"depth":108,"text":155160},{"id":155185,"depth":108,"text":155186},{"id":155209,"depth":108,"text":155210},{"id":1974,"depth":86,"text":1975},"Master python tuple indexing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":153866,"description":155262},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained","oh8flZok-CuLGMVXExWuVV18PBZcnk3hpgYpNXAAb9g",{"id":155268,"title":155269,"body":155270,"description":157159,"extension":2064,"meta":157160,"navigation":111,"path":157161,"seo":157162,"stem":157163,"__hash__":157164},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len.md","Python Tuple Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":155271,"toc":157116},[155272,155278,155283,155334,155338,155346,155352,155354,155370,155372,155375,155390,155392,155405,155407,155464,155468,155476,155483,155489,155495,155499,155550,155554,155562,155566,155595,155599,155607,155611,155644,155648,155656,155660,155663,155714,155718,155726,155728,155745,155749,155753,155812,155816,155824,155827,155854,155858,155866,155870,155876,155951,155955,155992,156000,156004,156067,156071,156079,156084,156088,156094,156137,156141,156149,156155,156158,156205,156209,156217,156226,156232,156287,156291,156299,156302,156306,156308,156339,156343,156362,156365,156410,156414,156437,156443,156448,156450,156497,156502,156505,156553,156557,156565,156569,156574,156578,156628,156632,156647,156651,156709,156713,156728,156732,156803,156807,156816,156820,156899,156903,156925,156933,156935,156938,156963,156965,157018,157020,157037,157039,157043,157049,157054,157059,157063,157068,157072,157077,157083,157086,157088,157113],[10,155273,155275,155276,126],{"id":155274},"python-tuple-length-len","Python Tuple Length (",[15,155277,1267],{},[20,155279,920,155280,155282],{},[15,155281,1454],{}," to get the number of items in a tuple.",[41,155284,155286],{"className":43,"code":155285,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,155287,155288,155320],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,155289,155290,155292,155294,155296,155298,155300,155302,155304,155306,155308,155310,155312,155314,155316,155318],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,155291,13149],{"class":56},[50,155293,61],{"class":60},[50,155295,521],{"class":64},[50,155297,811],{"class":604},[50,155299,13166],{"class":608},[50,155301,811],{"class":604},[50,155303,72],{"class":64},[50,155305,700],{"class":604},[50,155307,17525],{"class":608},[50,155309,811],{"class":604},[50,155311,72],{"class":64},[50,155313,700],{"class":604},[50,155315,13183],{"class":608},[50,155317,811],{"class":604},[50,155319,105],{"class":64},[50,155321,155322,155324,155326,155328,155330,155332],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,155323,118],{"class":94},[50,155325,98],{"class":64},[50,155327,1267],{"class":94},[50,155329,98],{"class":64},[50,155331,17572],{"class":101},[50,155333,478],{"class":64},[20,155335,155336],{},[3824,155337,353],{},[41,155339,155340],{"className":43,"code":46687,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,155341,155342],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,155343,155344],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,155345,46687],{"class":68},[20,155347,920,155348,155351],{},[15,155349,155350],{},"len(tuple_name)"," to count how many items are in a tuple.",[36,155353,15235],{"id":15234},[158,155355,155356,155361,155365,155368],{},[161,155357,4276,155358,155360],{},[15,155359,1454],{}," works with tuples",[161,155362,68319,155363,11780],{},[15,155364,1454],{},[161,155366,155367],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty tuples",[161,155369,4598],{},[36,155371,181],{"id":180},[20,155373,155374],{},"Use this pattern:",[41,155376,155378],{"className":43,"code":155377,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"len(my_tuple)\n",[15,155379,155380],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,155381,155382,155384,155386,155388],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,155383,1267],{"class":94},[50,155385,98],{"class":64},[50,155387,147923],{"class":101},[50,155389,105],{"class":64},[20,155391,11534],{},[158,155393,155394,155397,155400],{},[161,155395,155396],{},"Pass the tuple inside the parentheses",[161,155398,155399],{},"The result is an integer",[161,155401,155402,155404],{},[15,155403,1454],{}," does not change the tuple",[20,155406,1602],{},[41,155408,155410],{"className":43,"code":155409,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\ncount = len(numbers)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,155411,155412,155436,155450,155454],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,155413,155414,155416,155418,155420,155422,155424,155426,155428,155430,155432,155434],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,155415,57],{"class":56},[50,155417,61],{"class":60},[50,155419,521],{"class":64},[50,155421,1618],{"class":68},[50,155423,72],{"class":64},[50,155425,840],{"class":68},[50,155427,72],{"class":64},[50,155429,1627],{"class":68},[50,155431,72],{"class":64},[50,155433,50913],{"class":68},[50,155435,105],{"class":64},[50,155437,155438,155440,155442,155444,155446,155448],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,155439,41311],{"class":56},[50,155441,61],{"class":60},[50,155443,38454],{"class":94},[50,155445,98],{"class":64},[50,155447,102],{"class":101},[50,155449,105],{"class":64},[50,155451,155452],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,155453,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,155455,155456,155458,155460,155462],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,155457,118],{"class":94},[50,155459,98],{"class":64},[50,155461,41329],{"class":101},[50,155463,105],{"class":64},[20,155465,155466],{},[3824,155467,353],{},[41,155469,155470],{"className":43,"code":48720,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,155471,155472],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,155473,155474],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,155475,48720],{"class":68},[20,155477,155478,155479,425],{},"If you want a broader explanation of this built-in function, see ",[421,155480,13,155481,1461],{"href":1458},[15,155482,1454],{},[36,155484,153,155486,155488],{"id":155485},"what-len-returns-for-a-tuple",[15,155487,1454],{}," returns for a tuple",[20,155490,155491,155492,155494],{},"For a tuple, ",[15,155493,1454],{}," returns the number of items in the tuple.",[222,155496,155498],{"id":155497},"regular-tuple","Regular tuple",[41,155500,155502],{"className":43,"code":155501,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\nprint(len(fruits))\n",[15,155503,155504,155536],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,155505,155506,155508,155510,155512,155514,155516,155518,155520,155522,155524,155526,155528,155530,155532,155534],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,155507,36307],{"class":56},[50,155509,61],{"class":60},[50,155511,521],{"class":64},[50,155513,811],{"class":604},[50,155515,1049],{"class":608},[50,155517,811],{"class":604},[50,155519,72],{"class":64},[50,155521,700],{"class":604},[50,155523,1058],{"class":608},[50,155525,811],{"class":604},[50,155527,72],{"class":64},[50,155529,700],{"class":604},[50,155531,33291],{"class":608},[50,155533,811],{"class":604},[50,155535,105],{"class":64},[50,155537,155538,155540,155542,155544,155546,155548],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,155539,118],{"class":94},[50,155541,98],{"class":64},[50,155543,1267],{"class":94},[50,155545,98],{"class":64},[50,155547,36359],{"class":101},[50,155549,478],{"class":64},[20,155551,155552],{},[3824,155553,353],{},[41,155555,155556],{"className":43,"code":46687,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,155557,155558],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,155559,155560],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,155561,46687],{"class":68},[222,155563,155565],{"id":155564},"empty-tuple","Empty tuple",[41,155567,155569],{"className":43,"code":155568,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"empty_tuple = ()\nprint(len(empty_tuple))\n",[15,155570,155571,155580],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,155572,155573,155576,155578],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,155574,155575],{"class":56},"empty_tuple ",[50,155577,61],{"class":60},[50,155579,149247],{"class":64},[50,155581,155582,155584,155586,155588,155590,155593],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,155583,118],{"class":94},[50,155585,98],{"class":64},[50,155587,1267],{"class":94},[50,155589,98],{"class":64},[50,155591,155592],{"class":101},"empty_tuple",[50,155594,478],{"class":64},[20,155596,155597],{},[3824,155598,353],{},[41,155600,155601],{"className":43,"code":47322,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,155602,155603],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,155604,155605],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,155606,47322],{"class":68},[222,155608,155610],{"id":155609},"one-item-tuple","One-item tuple",[41,155612,155614],{"className":43,"code":155613,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"single_value = (5,)\nprint(len(single_value))\n",[15,155615,155616,155629],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,155617,155618,155621,155623,155625,155627],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,155619,155620],{"class":56},"single_value ",[50,155622,61],{"class":60},[50,155624,521],{"class":64},[50,155626,290],{"class":68},[50,155628,149261],{"class":64},[50,155630,155631,155633,155635,155637,155639,155642],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,155632,118],{"class":94},[50,155634,98],{"class":64},[50,155636,1267],{"class":94},[50,155638,98],{"class":64},[50,155640,155641],{"class":101},"single_value",[50,155643,478],{"class":64},[20,155645,155646],{},[3824,155647,353],{},[41,155649,155650],{"className":43,"code":46987,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,155651,155652],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,155653,155654],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,155655,46987],{"class":68},[222,155657,155659],{"id":155658},"nested-items","Nested items",[20,155661,155662],{},"Nested values still count as one top-level item each.",[41,155664,155666],{"className":43,"code":155665,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"data = (1, (2, 3), [4, 5])\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,155667,155668,155700],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,155669,155670,155672,155674,155676,155678,155680,155682,155684,155686,155688,155690,155692,155694,155696,155698],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,155671,9246],{"class":56},[50,155673,61],{"class":60},[50,155675,521],{"class":64},[50,155677,366],{"class":68},[50,155679,72],{"class":64},[50,155681,521],{"class":64},[50,155683,1564],{"class":68},[50,155685,72],{"class":64},[50,155687,500],{"class":68},[50,155689,9313],{"class":64},[50,155691,65],{"class":64},[50,155693,2602],{"class":68},[50,155695,72],{"class":64},[50,155697,375],{"class":68},[50,155699,3970],{"class":64},[50,155701,155702,155704,155706,155708,155710,155712],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,155703,118],{"class":94},[50,155705,98],{"class":64},[50,155707,1267],{"class":94},[50,155709,98],{"class":64},[50,155711,9284],{"class":101},[50,155713,478],{"class":64},[20,155715,155716],{},[3824,155717,353],{},[41,155719,155720],{"className":43,"code":46687,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,155721,155722],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,155723,155724],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,155725,46687],{"class":68},[20,155727,20027],{},[158,155729,155730,155735,155740],{},[161,155731,155732,155734],{},[15,155733,366],{}," is one item",[161,155736,155737,155734],{},[15,155738,155739],{},"(2, 3)",[161,155741,155742,155734],{},[15,155743,155744],{},"[4, 5]",[36,155746,155748],{"id":155747},"important-tuple-examples","Important tuple examples",[222,155750,155752],{"id":155751},"regular-tuple-with-several-values","Regular tuple with several values",[41,155754,155756],{"className":43,"code":155755,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", \"yellow\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,155757,155758,155798],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,155759,155760,155762,155764,155766,155768,155770,155772,155774,155776,155778,155780,155782,155784,155786,155788,155790,155792,155794,155796],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,155761,13149],{"class":56},[50,155763,61],{"class":60},[50,155765,521],{"class":64},[50,155767,811],{"class":604},[50,155769,13166],{"class":608},[50,155771,811],{"class":604},[50,155773,72],{"class":64},[50,155775,700],{"class":604},[50,155777,17525],{"class":608},[50,155779,811],{"class":604},[50,155781,72],{"class":64},[50,155783,700],{"class":604},[50,155785,13183],{"class":608},[50,155787,811],{"class":604},[50,155789,72],{"class":64},[50,155791,700],{"class":604},[50,155793,22593],{"class":608},[50,155795,811],{"class":604},[50,155797,105],{"class":64},[50,155799,155800,155802,155804,155806,155808,155810],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,155801,118],{"class":94},[50,155803,98],{"class":64},[50,155805,1267],{"class":94},[50,155807,98],{"class":64},[50,155809,17572],{"class":101},[50,155811,478],{"class":64},[20,155813,155814],{},[3824,155815,353],{},[41,155817,155818],{"className":43,"code":48720,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,155819,155820],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,155821,155822],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,155823,48720],{"class":68},[222,155825,155565],{"id":155826},"empty-tuple-1",[41,155828,155830],{"className":43,"code":155829,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = ()\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,155831,155832,155840],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,155833,155834,155836,155838],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,155835,7859],{"class":56},[50,155837,61],{"class":60},[50,155839,149247],{"class":64},[50,155841,155842,155844,155846,155848,155850,155852],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,155843,118],{"class":94},[50,155845,98],{"class":64},[50,155847,1267],{"class":94},[50,155849,98],{"class":64},[50,155851,7888],{"class":101},[50,155853,478],{"class":64},[20,155855,155856],{},[3824,155857,353],{},[41,155859,155860],{"className":43,"code":47322,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,155861,155862],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,155863,155864],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,155865,47322],{"class":68},[222,155867,155869],{"id":155868},"single-item-tuple-with-trailing-comma","Single-item tuple with trailing comma",[20,155871,155872,155873,155875],{},"A single value in parentheses is ",[3824,155874,4709],{}," always a tuple.",[41,155877,155879],{"className":43,"code":155878,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"a = (5)\nb = (5,)\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\nprint(len(b))\n",[15,155880,155881,155893,155905,155909,155923,155937],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,155882,155883,155885,155887,155889,155891],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,155884,2652],{"class":56},[50,155886,61],{"class":60},[50,155888,521],{"class":64},[50,155890,290],{"class":68},[50,155892,105],{"class":64},[50,155894,155895,155897,155899,155901,155903],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,155896,2680],{"class":56},[50,155898,61],{"class":60},[50,155900,521],{"class":64},[50,155902,290],{"class":68},[50,155904,149261],{"class":64},[50,155906,155907],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,155908,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,155910,155911,155913,155915,155917,155919,155921],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,155912,118],{"class":94},[50,155914,98],{"class":64},[50,155916,558],{"class":557},[50,155918,98],{"class":64},[50,155920,421],{"class":101},[50,155922,478],{"class":64},[50,155924,155925,155927,155929,155931,155933,155935],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,155926,118],{"class":94},[50,155928,98],{"class":64},[50,155930,558],{"class":557},[50,155932,98],{"class":64},[50,155934,4839],{"class":101},[50,155936,478],{"class":64},[50,155938,155939,155941,155943,155945,155947,155949],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,155940,118],{"class":94},[50,155942,98],{"class":64},[50,155944,1267],{"class":94},[50,155946,98],{"class":64},[50,155948,4839],{"class":101},[50,155950,478],{"class":64},[20,155952,155953],{},[3824,155954,353],{},[41,155956,155958],{"className":43,"code":155957,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,155959,155960,155974,155988],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,155961,155962,155964,155966,155968,155970,155972],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,155963,597],{"class":60},[50,155965,601],{"class":600},[50,155967,605],{"class":604},[50,155969,2288],{"class":608},[50,155971,611],{"class":604},[50,155973,614],{"class":60},[50,155975,155976,155978,155980,155982,155984,155986],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,155977,597],{"class":60},[50,155979,601],{"class":600},[50,155981,605],{"class":604},[50,155983,505],{"class":608},[50,155985,611],{"class":604},[50,155987,614],{"class":60},[50,155989,155990],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,155991,46987],{"class":68},[20,155993,155994,155995,4472,155998,425],{},"If you are new to tuple syntax, see ",[421,155996,155997],{"href":147908},"Python tuple: creating a tuple",[421,155999,149209],{"href":149208},[222,156001,156003],{"id":156002},"tuple-containing-lists-or-other-tuples","Tuple containing lists or other tuples",[41,156005,156007],{"className":43,"code":156006,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"mixed = (\"apple\", [1, 2], (\"x\", \"y\"))\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,156008,156009,156053],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,156010,156011,156013,156015,156017,156019,156021,156023,156025,156027,156029,156031,156033,156035,156037,156039,156041,156043,156045,156047,156049,156051],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,156012,59540],{"class":56},[50,156014,61],{"class":60},[50,156016,521],{"class":64},[50,156018,811],{"class":604},[50,156020,1049],{"class":608},[50,156022,811],{"class":604},[50,156024,72],{"class":64},[50,156026,65],{"class":64},[50,156028,366],{"class":68},[50,156030,72],{"class":64},[50,156032,80],{"class":68},[50,156034,1860],{"class":64},[50,156036,521],{"class":64},[50,156038,811],{"class":604},[50,156040,2273],{"class":608},[50,156042,811],{"class":604},[50,156044,72],{"class":64},[50,156046,700],{"class":604},[50,156048,780],{"class":608},[50,156050,811],{"class":604},[50,156052,478],{"class":64},[50,156054,156055,156057,156059,156061,156063,156065],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,156056,118],{"class":94},[50,156058,98],{"class":64},[50,156060,1267],{"class":94},[50,156062,98],{"class":64},[50,156064,59593],{"class":101},[50,156066,478],{"class":64},[20,156068,156069],{},[3824,156070,353],{},[41,156072,156073],{"className":43,"code":46687,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,156074,156075],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,156076,156077],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,156078,46687],{"class":68},[20,156080,156081,156083],{},[15,156082,1454],{}," counts the outer tuple's items only.",[36,156085,156087],{"id":156086},"things-beginners-often-misunderstand","Things beginners often misunderstand",[222,156089,156091,156093],{"id":156090},"len-counts-items-not-characters-inside-strings",[15,156092,1454],{}," counts items, not characters inside strings",[41,156095,156097],{"className":43,"code":156096,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,156098,156099,156123],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,156100,156101,156103,156105,156107,156109,156111,156113,156115,156117,156119,156121],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,156102,1040],{"class":56},[50,156104,61],{"class":60},[50,156106,521],{"class":64},[50,156108,811],{"class":604},[50,156110,63657],{"class":608},[50,156112,811],{"class":604},[50,156114,72],{"class":64},[50,156116,700],{"class":604},[50,156118,45],{"class":608},[50,156120,811],{"class":604},[50,156122,105],{"class":64},[50,156124,156125,156127,156129,156131,156133,156135],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,156126,118],{"class":94},[50,156128,98],{"class":64},[50,156130,1267],{"class":94},[50,156132,98],{"class":64},[50,156134,1088],{"class":101},[50,156136,478],{"class":64},[20,156138,156139],{},[3824,156140,353],{},[41,156142,156143],{"className":43,"code":17128,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,156144,156145],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,156146,156147],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,156148,17128],{"class":68},[20,156150,156151,156152,156154],{},"This result is ",[15,156153,1564],{}," because the tuple has two items.",[20,156156,156157],{},"If you check the length of one string item, that is different:",[41,156159,156161],{"className":43,"code":156160,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words[0]))\n",[15,156162,156163,156187],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,156164,156165,156167,156169,156171,156173,156175,156177,156179,156181,156183,156185],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,156166,1040],{"class":56},[50,156168,61],{"class":60},[50,156170,521],{"class":64},[50,156172,811],{"class":604},[50,156174,63657],{"class":608},[50,156176,811],{"class":604},[50,156178,72],{"class":64},[50,156180,700],{"class":604},[50,156182,45],{"class":608},[50,156184,811],{"class":604},[50,156186,105],{"class":64},[50,156188,156189,156191,156193,156195,156197,156199,156201,156203],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,156190,118],{"class":94},[50,156192,98],{"class":64},[50,156194,1267],{"class":94},[50,156196,98],{"class":64},[50,156198,1088],{"class":101},[50,156200,363],{"class":64},[50,156202,2220],{"class":68},[50,156204,1805],{"class":64},[20,156206,156207],{},[3824,156208,353],{},[41,156210,156211],{"className":43,"code":17128,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,156212,156213],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,156214,156215],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,156216,17128],{"class":68},[20,156218,1325,156219,156222,156223,425],{},[15,156220,156221],{},"len(words[0])"," counts the characters in ",[15,156224,156225],{},"\"hi\"",[222,156227,156229,156231],{"id":156228},"len-counts-top-level-tuple-elements-only",[15,156230,1454],{}," counts top-level tuple elements only",[41,156233,156235],{"className":43,"code":156234,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"values = ((1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6))\nprint(len(values))\n",[15,156236,156237,156273],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,156238,156239,156241,156243,156245,156247,156249,156251,156253,156255,156257,156259,156261,156263,156265,156267,156269,156271],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,156240,516],{"class":56},[50,156242,61],{"class":60},[50,156244,10073],{"class":64},[50,156246,366],{"class":68},[50,156248,72],{"class":64},[50,156250,80],{"class":68},[50,156252,9313],{"class":64},[50,156254,521],{"class":64},[50,156256,69],{"class":68},[50,156258,72],{"class":64},[50,156260,2554],{"class":68},[50,156262,9313],{"class":64},[50,156264,521],{"class":64},[50,156266,290],{"class":68},[50,156268,72],{"class":64},[50,156270,37713],{"class":68},[50,156272,478],{"class":64},[50,156274,156275,156277,156279,156281,156283,156285],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,156276,118],{"class":94},[50,156278,98],{"class":64},[50,156280,1267],{"class":94},[50,156282,98],{"class":64},[50,156284,546],{"class":101},[50,156286,478],{"class":64},[20,156288,156289],{},[3824,156290,353],{},[41,156292,156293],{"className":43,"code":46687,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,156294,156295],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,156296,156297],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,156298,46687],{"class":68},[20,156300,156301],{},"The outer tuple contains three items.",[222,156303,156305],{"id":156304},"parentheses-alone-do-not-always-create-a-one-item-tuple","Parentheses alone do not always create a one-item tuple",[20,156307,25759],{},[41,156309,156311],{"className":43,"code":156310,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = (10)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,156312,156313,156325],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,156314,156315,156317,156319,156321,156323],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,156316,2544],{"class":56},[50,156318,61],{"class":60},[50,156320,521],{"class":64},[50,156322,1618],{"class":68},[50,156324,105],{"class":64},[50,156326,156327,156329,156331,156333,156335,156337],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,156328,118],{"class":94},[50,156330,98],{"class":64},[50,156332,558],{"class":557},[50,156334,98],{"class":64},[50,156336,2570],{"class":101},[50,156338,478],{"class":64},[20,156340,156341],{},[3824,156342,353],{},[41,156344,156346],{"className":43,"code":156345,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,156347,156348],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,156349,156350,156352,156354,156356,156358,156360],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,156351,597],{"class":60},[50,156353,601],{"class":600},[50,156355,605],{"class":604},[50,156357,2288],{"class":608},[50,156359,611],{"class":604},[50,156361,614],{"class":60},[20,156363,156364],{},"To make a one-item tuple, add a comma:",[41,156366,156368],{"className":43,"code":156367,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = (10,)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,156369,156370,156382,156396],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,156371,156372,156374,156376,156378,156380],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,156373,2544],{"class":56},[50,156375,61],{"class":60},[50,156377,521],{"class":64},[50,156379,1618],{"class":68},[50,156381,149261],{"class":64},[50,156383,156384,156386,156388,156390,156392,156394],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,156385,118],{"class":94},[50,156387,98],{"class":64},[50,156389,558],{"class":557},[50,156391,98],{"class":64},[50,156393,2570],{"class":101},[50,156395,478],{"class":64},[50,156397,156398,156400,156402,156404,156406,156408],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,156399,118],{"class":94},[50,156401,98],{"class":64},[50,156403,1267],{"class":94},[50,156405,98],{"class":64},[50,156407,2570],{"class":101},[50,156409,478],{"class":64},[20,156411,156412],{},[3824,156413,353],{},[41,156415,156417],{"className":43,"code":156416,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,156418,156419,156433],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,156420,156421,156423,156425,156427,156429,156431],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,156422,597],{"class":60},[50,156424,601],{"class":600},[50,156426,605],{"class":604},[50,156428,505],{"class":608},[50,156430,611],{"class":604},[50,156432,614],{"class":60},[50,156434,156435],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,156436,46987],{"class":68},[222,156438,156440,156442],{"id":156439},"len-is-a-function-name-and-should-not-be-overwritten",[15,156441,1267],{}," is a function name and should not be overwritten",[20,156444,44498,156445,156447],{},[15,156446,1267],{}," as a variable name.",[20,156449,44529],{},[41,156451,156453],{"className":43,"code":156452,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"len = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,156454,156455,156463,156483],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,156456,156457,156459,156461],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,156458,1267],{"class":94},[50,156460,13349],{"class":60},[50,156462,2685],{"class":68},[50,156464,156465,156467,156469,156471,156473,156475,156477,156479,156481],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,156466,57],{"class":56},[50,156468,61],{"class":60},[50,156470,521],{"class":64},[50,156472,366],{"class":68},[50,156474,72],{"class":64},[50,156476,80],{"class":68},[50,156478,72],{"class":64},[50,156480,500],{"class":68},[50,156482,105],{"class":64},[50,156484,156485,156487,156489,156491,156493,156495],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,156486,118],{"class":94},[50,156488,98],{"class":64},[50,156490,1267],{"class":94},[50,156492,98],{"class":64},[50,156494,102],{"class":101},[50,156496,478],{"class":64},[20,156498,39722,156499,156501],{},[15,156500,1267],{}," no longer refers to the built-in function.",[20,156503,156504],{},"Use a different variable name instead:",[41,156506,156508],{"className":43,"code":156507,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"length_value = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,156509,156510,156519,156539],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,156511,156512,156515,156517],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,156513,156514],{"class":56},"length_value ",[50,156516,61],{"class":60},[50,156518,2685],{"class":68},[50,156520,156521,156523,156525,156527,156529,156531,156533,156535,156537],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,156522,57],{"class":56},[50,156524,61],{"class":60},[50,156526,521],{"class":64},[50,156528,366],{"class":68},[50,156530,72],{"class":64},[50,156532,80],{"class":68},[50,156534,72],{"class":64},[50,156536,500],{"class":68},[50,156538,105],{"class":64},[50,156540,156541,156543,156545,156547,156549,156551],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,156542,118],{"class":94},[50,156544,98],{"class":64},[50,156546,1267],{"class":94},[50,156548,98],{"class":64},[50,156550,102],{"class":101},[50,156552,478],{"class":64},[20,156554,156555],{},[3824,156556,353],{},[41,156558,156559],{"className":43,"code":46687,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,156560,156561],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,156562,156563],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,156564,46687],{"class":68},[36,156566,156568],{"id":156567},"when-this-is-useful","When this is useful",[20,156570,156571,156573],{},[15,156572,1454],{}," is helpful when you need to work with tuple size.",[222,156575,156577],{"id":156576},"checking-whether-a-tuple-is-empty","Checking whether a tuple is empty",[41,156579,156581],{"className":43,"code":156580,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"items = ()\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The tuple is empty\")\n",[15,156582,156583,156591,156595,156613],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,156584,156585,156587,156589],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,156586,7859],{"class":56},[50,156588,61],{"class":60},[50,156590,149247],{"class":64},[50,156592,156593],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,156594,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,156596,156597,156599,156601,156603,156605,156607,156609,156611],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,156598,7076],{"class":3957},[50,156600,38454],{"class":94},[50,156602,98],{"class":64},[50,156604,7888],{"class":101},[50,156606,126],{"class":64},[50,156608,6485],{"class":60},[50,156610,3914],{"class":68},[50,156612,6470],{"class":64},[50,156614,156615,156617,156619,156621,156624,156626],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,156616,8148],{"class":94},[50,156618,98],{"class":64},[50,156620,811],{"class":604},[50,156622,156623],{"class":608},"The tuple is empty",[50,156625,811],{"class":604},[50,156627,105],{"class":64},[20,156629,156630],{},[3824,156631,353],{},[41,156633,156635],{"className":43,"code":156634,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"The tuple is empty\n",[15,156636,156637],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,156638,156639,156641,156643,156645],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,156640,1185],{"class":56},[50,156642,505],{"class":557},[50,156644,8175],{"class":60},[50,156646,8181],{"class":56},[222,156648,156650],{"id":156649},"validating-how-many-values-were-stored","Validating how many values were stored",[41,156652,156654],{"className":43,"code":156653,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"point = (4, 7)\n\nif len(point) == 2:\n    print(\"This looks like an x, y coordinate\")\n",[15,156655,156656,156672,156676,156694],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,156657,156658,156660,156662,156664,156666,156668,156670],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,156659,51454],{"class":56},[50,156661,61],{"class":60},[50,156663,521],{"class":64},[50,156665,2602],{"class":68},[50,156667,72],{"class":64},[50,156669,6071],{"class":68},[50,156671,105],{"class":64},[50,156673,156674],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,156675,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,156677,156678,156680,156682,156684,156686,156688,156690,156692],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,156679,7076],{"class":3957},[50,156681,38454],{"class":94},[50,156683,98],{"class":64},[50,156685,51479],{"class":101},[50,156687,126],{"class":64},[50,156689,6485],{"class":60},[50,156691,80],{"class":68},[50,156693,6470],{"class":64},[50,156695,156696,156698,156700,156702,156705,156707],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,156697,8148],{"class":94},[50,156699,98],{"class":64},[50,156701,811],{"class":604},[50,156703,156704],{"class":608},"This looks like an x, y coordinate",[50,156706,811],{"class":604},[50,156708,105],{"class":64},[20,156710,156711],{},[3824,156712,353],{},[41,156714,156716],{"className":43,"code":156715,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"This looks like an x, y coordinate\n",[15,156717,156718],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,156719,156720,156723,156725],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,156721,156722],{"class":56},"This looks like an x",[50,156724,72],{"class":64},[50,156726,156727],{"class":56}," y coordinate\n",[222,156729,156731],{"id":156730},"using-tuple-size-in-conditions","Using tuple size in conditions",[41,156733,156735],{"className":43,"code":156734,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"user = (\"Ana\", 25, \"Canada\")\n\nif len(user) == 3:\n    print(\"User record has the expected number of values\")\n",[15,156736,156737,156766,156770,156788],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,156738,156739,156741,156743,156745,156747,156749,156751,156753,156755,156757,156759,156762,156764],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,156740,11562],{"class":56},[50,156742,61],{"class":60},[50,156744,521],{"class":64},[50,156746,811],{"class":604},[50,156748,824],{"class":608},[50,156750,811],{"class":604},[50,156752,72],{"class":64},[50,156754,9384],{"class":68},[50,156756,72],{"class":64},[50,156758,700],{"class":604},[50,156760,156761],{"class":608},"Canada",[50,156763,811],{"class":604},[50,156765,105],{"class":64},[50,156767,156768],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,156769,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,156771,156772,156774,156776,156778,156780,156782,156784,156786],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,156773,7076],{"class":3957},[50,156775,38454],{"class":94},[50,156777,98],{"class":64},[50,156779,11656],{"class":101},[50,156781,126],{"class":64},[50,156783,6485],{"class":60},[50,156785,500],{"class":68},[50,156787,6470],{"class":64},[50,156789,156790,156792,156794,156796,156799,156801],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,156791,8148],{"class":94},[50,156793,98],{"class":64},[50,156795,811],{"class":604},[50,156797,156798],{"class":608},"User record has the expected number of values",[50,156800,811],{"class":604},[50,156802,105],{"class":64},[20,156804,156805],{},[3824,156806,353],{},[41,156808,156810],{"className":43,"code":156809,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"User record has the expected number of values\n",[15,156811,156812],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,156813,156814],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,156815,156809],{"class":56},[222,156817,156819],{"id":156818},"looping-based-on-the-number-of-items","Looping based on the number of items",[41,156821,156823],{"className":43,"code":156822,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nfor i in range(len(letters)):\n    print(i, letters[i])\n",[15,156824,156825,156857,156861,156881],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,156826,156827,156829,156831,156833,156835,156837,156839,156841,156843,156845,156847,156849,156851,156853,156855],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,156828,36160],{"class":56},[50,156830,61],{"class":60},[50,156832,521],{"class":64},[50,156834,811],{"class":604},[50,156836,421],{"class":608},[50,156838,811],{"class":604},[50,156840,72],{"class":64},[50,156842,700],{"class":604},[50,156844,4839],{"class":608},[50,156846,811],{"class":604},[50,156848,72],{"class":64},[50,156850,700],{"class":604},[50,156852,9817],{"class":608},[50,156854,811],{"class":604},[50,156856,105],{"class":64},[50,156858,156859],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,156860,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,156862,156863,156865,156867,156869,156871,156873,156875,156877,156879],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,156864,6035],{"class":3957},[50,156866,69609],{"class":56},[50,156868,3964],{"class":3957},[50,156870,54139],{"class":94},[50,156872,98],{"class":64},[50,156874,1267],{"class":94},[50,156876,98],{"class":64},[50,156878,36213],{"class":101},[50,156880,69624],{"class":64},[50,156882,156883,156885,156887,156889,156891,156893,156895,156897],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,156884,8148],{"class":94},[50,156886,98],{"class":64},[50,156888,36224],{"class":101},[50,156890,72],{"class":64},[50,156892,70157],{"class":101},[50,156894,363],{"class":64},[50,156896,36224],{"class":101},[50,156898,3970],{"class":64},[20,156900,156901],{},[3824,156902,353],{},[41,156904,156905],{"className":43,"code":36236,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,156906,156907,156913,156919],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,156908,156909,156911],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,156910,2220],{"class":68},[50,156912,36245],{"class":56},[50,156914,156915,156917],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,156916,366],{"class":68},[50,156918,36252],{"class":56},[50,156920,156921,156923],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,156922,1564],{"class":68},[50,156924,36259],{"class":56},[20,156926,156927,156928,156930,156931,425],{},"If you want to access values by position, read ",[421,156929,149578],{"href":149577},". To work with parts of a tuple, see ",[421,156932,150822],{"href":150821},[36,156934,1743],{"id":1742},[20,156936,156937],{},"These are some common causes of confusion:",[158,156939,156940,156948,156955,156960],{},[161,156941,156942,156943,1940,156946],{},"Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple, such as writing ",[15,156944,156945],{},"(5)",[15,156947,149412],{},[161,156949,914,156950,156952,156953],{},[15,156951,1267],{}," as a variable name and then trying to call ",[15,156954,1454],{},[161,156956,8532,156957,156959],{},[15,156958,1454],{}," to count characters across all tuple items",[161,156961,156962],{},"Passing a non-tuple value by mistake",[20,156964,32152],{},[41,156966,156968],{"className":43,"code":156967,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nhelp(len)\n",[15,156969,156970,156980,156994,157008],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,156971,156972,156974,156976,156978],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,156973,118],{"class":94},[50,156975,98],{"class":64},[50,156977,147923],{"class":101},[50,156979,105],{"class":64},[50,156981,156982,156984,156986,156988,156990,156992],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,156983,118],{"class":94},[50,156985,98],{"class":64},[50,156987,558],{"class":557},[50,156989,98],{"class":64},[50,156991,147923],{"class":101},[50,156993,478],{"class":64},[50,156995,156996,156998,157000,157002,157004,157006],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,156997,118],{"class":94},[50,156999,98],{"class":64},[50,157001,1267],{"class":94},[50,157003,98],{"class":64},[50,157005,147923],{"class":101},[50,157007,478],{"class":64},[50,157009,157010,157012,157014,157016],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,157011,32222],{"class":94},[50,157013,98],{"class":64},[50,157015,1267],{"class":94},[50,157017,105],{"class":64},[20,157019,155132],{},[158,157021,157022,157025,157028,157032],{},[161,157023,157024],{},"what value you are using",[161,157026,157027],{},"whether it is really a tuple",[161,157029,26088,157030,11780],{},[15,157031,1454],{},[161,157033,123296,157034,157036],{},[15,157035,1454],{}," is documented in Python",[36,157038,1913],{"id":1912},[222,157040,157042],{"id":157041},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-tuple-in-python","How do I get the length of a tuple in Python?",[20,157044,920,157045,157048],{},[15,157046,157047],{},"len(your_tuple)",". It returns the number of items in the tuple.",[222,157050,1917,157052,149082],{"id":157051},"does-len-change-the-tuple",[15,157053,1454],{},[20,157055,46435,157056,157058],{},[15,157057,1454],{}," only returns a count. It does not modify the tuple.",[222,157060,157062],{"id":157061},"what-is-the-length-of-an-empty-tuple","What is the length of an empty tuple?",[20,157064,157065,157066,425],{},"The length is ",[15,157067,2220],{},[222,157069,157071],{"id":157070},"how-do-i-make-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I make a tuple with one item?",[20,157073,150768,157074,157076],{},[15,157075,150771],{},". Without the comma, Python does not treat it as a one-item tuple.",[222,157078,1917,157080,157082],{"id":157079},"does-len-count-items-inside-nested-tuples",[15,157081,1454],{}," count items inside nested tuples?",[20,157084,157085],{},"It counts only the top-level items in the outer tuple.",[36,157087,1975],{"id":1974},[158,157089,157090,157096,157100,157104,157108],{},[161,157091,157092],{},[421,157093,13,157094,1461],{"href":1458},[15,157095,1454],{},[161,157097,157098],{},[421,157099,155997],{"href":147908},[161,157101,157102],{},[421,157103,149578],{"href":149577},[161,157105,157106],{},[421,157107,150822],{"href":150821},[161,157109,157110],{},[421,157111,157112],{"href":149208},"What is a tuple in Python",[2018,157114,157115],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":157117},[157118,157119,157120,157127,157133,157142,157148,157149,157158],{"id":15234,"depth":86,"text":15235},{"id":180,"depth":86,"text":181},{"id":155485,"depth":86,"text":157121,"children":157122},"What len() returns for a tuple",[157123,157124,157125,157126],{"id":155497,"depth":108,"text":155498},{"id":155564,"depth":108,"text":155565},{"id":155609,"depth":108,"text":155610},{"id":155658,"depth":108,"text":155659},{"id":155747,"depth":86,"text":155748,"children":157128},[157129,157130,157131,157132],{"id":155751,"depth":108,"text":155752},{"id":155826,"depth":108,"text":155565},{"id":155868,"depth":108,"text":155869},{"id":156002,"depth":108,"text":156003},{"id":156086,"depth":86,"text":156087,"children":157134},[157135,157137,157139,157140],{"id":156090,"depth":108,"text":157136},"len() counts items, not characters inside strings",{"id":156228,"depth":108,"text":157138},"len() counts top-level tuple elements only",{"id":156304,"depth":108,"text":156305},{"id":156439,"depth":108,"text":157141},"len is a function name and should not be overwritten",{"id":156567,"depth":86,"text":156568,"children":157143},[157144,157145,157146,157147],{"id":156576,"depth":108,"text":156577},{"id":156649,"depth":108,"text":156650},{"id":156730,"depth":108,"text":156731},{"id":156818,"depth":108,"text":156819},{"id":1742,"depth":86,"text":1743},{"id":1912,"depth":86,"text":1913,"children":157150},[157151,157152,157154,157155,157156],{"id":157041,"depth":108,"text":157042},{"id":157051,"depth":108,"text":157153},"Does len() change the tuple?",{"id":157061,"depth":108,"text":157062},{"id":157070,"depth":108,"text":157071},{"id":157079,"depth":108,"text":157157},"Does len() count items inside nested tuples?",{"id":1974,"depth":86,"text":1975},"Master python tuple length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len",{"title":155269,"description":157159},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len","g9bXnSTfHR3GhI-V2fOG-ILQ3BF1aF8i67PNhSzLJFU",{"id":157166,"title":157167,"body":157168,"description":159553,"extension":2064,"meta":159554,"navigation":111,"path":159555,"seo":159556,"stem":159557,"__hash__":159558},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained.md","Python Tuple Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":157169,"toc":159514},[157170,157173,157176,157179,157202,157208,157210,157321,157325,157328,157338,157340,157439,157441,157518,157524,157528,157531,157554,157557,157574,157577,157579,157642,157644,157661,157672,157677,157679,157682,157688,157739,157741,157761,157765,157816,157818,157839,157843,157898,157900,157921,157925,157980,157982,158003,158007,158060,158062,158091,158093,158095,158098,158102,158159,158161,158182,158186,158239,158241,158266,158271,158275,158280,158298,158301,158364,158366,158387,158390,158451,158453,158474,158477,158520,158523,158527,158532,158536,158615,158617,158648,158652,158727,158729,158756,158760,158807,158809,158817,158822,158826,158829,158844,158846,158934,158936,158961,158964,159007,159016,159018,159021,159036,159039,159043,159097,159099,159119,159124,159128,159130,159168,159171,159221,159225,159298,159300,159337,159340,159342,159345,159365,159368,159437,159439,159452,159454,159458,159461,159465,159468,159473,159476,159482,159487,159489,159511],[10,157171,157167],{"id":157172},"python-tuple-slicing-explained",[20,157174,157175],{},"Tuple slicing lets you get part of a tuple by using square brackets and colons. It is a simple way to take a range of values, skip values with a step, or reverse a tuple.",[20,157177,157178],{},"Use this format:",[41,157180,157182],{"className":43,"code":157181,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,157183,157184],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,157185,157186,157188,157190,157192,157194,157196,157198,157200],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,157187,505],{"class":56},[50,157189,363],{"class":64},[50,157191,36142],{"class":56},[50,157193,819],{"class":64},[50,157195,75481],{"class":56},[50,157197,819],{"class":64},[50,157199,75484],{"class":56},[50,157201,83],{"class":64},[20,157203,1185,157204,75517,157206,425],{},[15,157205,75481],{},[3824,157207,65130],{},[36,157209,2105],{"id":2104},[41,157211,157213],{"className":43,"code":157212,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # (20, 30, 40)\nprint(numbers[:3])    # (10, 20, 30)\nprint(numbers[::2])   # (10, 30, 50)\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,157214,157215,157243,157247,157268,157285,157302],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,157216,157217,157219,157221,157223,157225,157227,157229,157231,157233,157235,157237,157239,157241],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,157218,57],{"class":56},[50,157220,61],{"class":60},[50,157222,521],{"class":64},[50,157224,1618],{"class":68},[50,157226,72],{"class":64},[50,157228,840],{"class":68},[50,157230,72],{"class":64},[50,157232,1627],{"class":68},[50,157234,72],{"class":64},[50,157236,50913],{"class":68},[50,157238,72],{"class":64},[50,157240,5160],{"class":68},[50,157242,105],{"class":64},[50,157244,157245],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,157246,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,157248,157249,157251,157253,157255,157257,157259,157261,157263,157265],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,157250,118],{"class":94},[50,157252,98],{"class":64},[50,157254,102],{"class":101},[50,157256,363],{"class":64},[50,157258,366],{"class":68},[50,157260,819],{"class":64},[50,157262,2602],{"class":68},[50,157264,20516],{"class":64},[50,157266,157267],{"class":129},"   # (20, 30, 40)\n",[50,157269,157270,157272,157274,157276,157278,157280,157282],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,157271,118],{"class":94},[50,157273,98],{"class":64},[50,157275,102],{"class":101},[50,157277,75590],{"class":64},[50,157279,69],{"class":68},[50,157281,20516],{"class":64},[50,157283,157284],{"class":129},"    # (10, 20, 30)\n",[50,157286,157287,157289,157291,157293,157295,157297,157299],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,157288,118],{"class":94},[50,157290,98],{"class":64},[50,157292,102],{"class":101},[50,157294,74181],{"class":64},[50,157296,1564],{"class":68},[50,157298,20516],{"class":64},[50,157300,157301],{"class":129},"   # (10, 30, 50)\n",[50,157303,157304,157306,157308,157310,157312,157314,157316,157318],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,157305,118],{"class":94},[50,157307,98],{"class":64},[50,157309,102],{"class":101},[50,157311,74181],{"class":64},[50,157313,2124],{"class":60},[50,157315,366],{"class":68},[50,157317,20516],{"class":64},[50,157319,157320],{"class":129},"  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[36,157322,157324],{"id":157323},"what-tuple-slicing-means","What tuple slicing means",[20,157326,157327],{},"Slicing gets part of a tuple.",[158,157329,157330,157332,157335],{},[161,157331,75784],{},[161,157333,157334],{},"The result is a new tuple",[161,157336,157337],{},"It does not change the original tuple",[20,157339,1602],{},[41,157341,157343],{"className":43,"code":157342,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\")\n\npart = letters[1:4]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,157344,157345,157393,157397,157415,157419,157429],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,157346,157347,157349,157351,157353,157355,157357,157359,157361,157363,157365,157367,157369,157371,157373,157375,157377,157379,157381,157383,157385,157387,157389,157391],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,157348,36160],{"class":56},[50,157350,61],{"class":60},[50,157352,521],{"class":64},[50,157354,811],{"class":604},[50,157356,421],{"class":608},[50,157358,811],{"class":604},[50,157360,72],{"class":64},[50,157362,700],{"class":604},[50,157364,4839],{"class":608},[50,157366,811],{"class":604},[50,157368,72],{"class":64},[50,157370,700],{"class":604},[50,157372,9817],{"class":608},[50,157374,811],{"class":604},[50,157376,72],{"class":64},[50,157378,700],{"class":604},[50,157380,18837],{"class":608},[50,157382,811],{"class":604},[50,157384,72],{"class":64},[50,157386,700],{"class":604},[50,157388,60513],{"class":608},[50,157390,811],{"class":604},[50,157392,105],{"class":64},[50,157394,157395],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,157396,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,157398,157399,157401,157403,157405,157407,157409,157411,157413],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,157400,75714],{"class":56},[50,157402,61],{"class":60},[50,157404,70157],{"class":56},[50,157406,363],{"class":64},[50,157408,366],{"class":68},[50,157410,819],{"class":64},[50,157412,2602],{"class":68},[50,157414,83],{"class":64},[50,157416,157417],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,157418,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,157420,157421,157423,157425,157427],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,157422,118],{"class":94},[50,157424,98],{"class":64},[50,157426,75737],{"class":101},[50,157428,105],{"class":64},[50,157430,157431,157433,157435,157437],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,157432,118],{"class":94},[50,157434,98],{"class":64},[50,157436,36213],{"class":101},[50,157438,105],{"class":64},[20,157440,353],{},[41,157442,157444],{"className":43,"code":157443,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"('b', 'c', 'd')\n('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e')\n",[15,157445,157446,157474],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,157447,157448,157450,157452,157454,157456,157458,157460,157462,157464,157466,157468,157470,157472],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,157449,98],{"class":64},[50,157451,611],{"class":604},[50,157453,4839],{"class":608},[50,157455,611],{"class":604},[50,157457,72],{"class":64},[50,157459,605],{"class":604},[50,157461,9817],{"class":608},[50,157463,611],{"class":604},[50,157465,72],{"class":64},[50,157467,605],{"class":604},[50,157469,18837],{"class":608},[50,157471,611],{"class":604},[50,157473,105],{"class":64},[50,157475,157476,157478,157480,157482,157484,157486,157488,157490,157492,157494,157496,157498,157500,157502,157504,157506,157508,157510,157512,157514,157516],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,157477,98],{"class":64},[50,157479,611],{"class":604},[50,157481,421],{"class":608},[50,157483,611],{"class":604},[50,157485,72],{"class":64},[50,157487,605],{"class":604},[50,157489,4839],{"class":608},[50,157491,611],{"class":604},[50,157493,72],{"class":64},[50,157495,605],{"class":604},[50,157497,9817],{"class":608},[50,157499,611],{"class":604},[50,157501,72],{"class":64},[50,157503,605],{"class":604},[50,157505,18837],{"class":608},[50,157507,611],{"class":604},[50,157509,72],{"class":64},[50,157511,605],{"class":604},[50,157513,60513],{"class":608},[50,157515,611],{"class":604},[50,157517,105],{"class":64},[20,157519,157520,157521,425],{},"The original tuple stays the same because tuples are immutable. If you are new to tuples, see ",[421,157522,147905],{"href":157523},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained",[36,157525,157527],{"id":157526},"basic-slice-syntax","Basic slice syntax",[20,157529,157530],{},"The full syntax is:",[41,157532,157534],{"className":43,"code":157533,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"my_tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,157535,157536],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,157537,157538,157540,157542,157544,157546,157548,157550,157552],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,157539,147923],{"class":56},[50,157541,363],{"class":64},[50,157543,36142],{"class":56},[50,157545,819],{"class":64},[50,157547,75481],{"class":56},[50,157549,819],{"class":64},[50,157551,75484],{"class":56},[50,157553,83],{"class":64},[20,157555,157556],{},"Each part has a job:",[158,157558,157559,157564,157569],{},[161,157560,157561,157563],{},[15,157562,36142],{},": where slicing begins",[161,157565,157566,157568],{},[15,157567,75481],{},": where slicing ends, but that index is not included",[161,157570,157571,157573],{},[15,157572,75484],{},": how many positions to move each time",[20,157575,157576],{},"All three parts are optional.",[20,157578,1602],{},[41,157580,157582],{"className":43,"code":157581,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:5:2])\n",[15,157583,157584,157616,157620],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,157585,157586,157588,157590,157592,157594,157596,157598,157600,157602,157604,157606,157608,157610,157612,157614],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,157587,57],{"class":56},[50,157589,61],{"class":60},[50,157591,521],{"class":64},[50,157593,1618],{"class":68},[50,157595,72],{"class":64},[50,157597,840],{"class":68},[50,157599,72],{"class":64},[50,157601,1627],{"class":68},[50,157603,72],{"class":64},[50,157605,50913],{"class":68},[50,157607,72],{"class":64},[50,157609,5160],{"class":68},[50,157611,72],{"class":64},[50,157613,76154],{"class":68},[50,157615,105],{"class":64},[50,157617,157618],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,157619,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,157621,157622,157624,157626,157628,157630,157632,157634,157636,157638,157640],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,157623,118],{"class":94},[50,157625,98],{"class":64},[50,157627,102],{"class":101},[50,157629,363],{"class":64},[50,157631,366],{"class":68},[50,157633,819],{"class":64},[50,157635,290],{"class":68},[50,157637,819],{"class":64},[50,157639,1564],{"class":68},[50,157641,3970],{"class":64},[20,157643,353],{},[41,157645,157647],{"className":43,"code":157646,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"(20, 40)\n",[15,157648,157649],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,157650,157651,157653,157655,157657,157659],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,157652,98],{"class":64},[50,157654,15826],{"class":68},[50,157656,72],{"class":64},[50,157658,50913],{"class":68},[50,157660,105],{"class":64},[20,157662,157663,157664,157666,157667,157669,157670,425],{},"This starts at index ",[15,157665,366],{},", stops before index ",[15,157668,290],{},", and moves by ",[15,157671,1564],{},[20,157673,157674,157675,425],{},"If you need a refresher on getting a single value, read ",[421,157676,149578],{"href":153004},[36,157678,76071],{"id":76070},[20,157680,157681],{},"These are the most common tuple slice patterns you will use.",[222,157683,157685,157686,6043],{"id":157684},"get-the-first-n-items","Get the first ",[15,157687,745],{},[41,157689,157691],{"className":43,"code":157690,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:3])\n",[15,157692,157693,157721,157725],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,157694,157695,157697,157699,157701,157703,157705,157707,157709,157711,157713,157715,157717,157719],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,157696,57],{"class":56},[50,157698,61],{"class":60},[50,157700,521],{"class":64},[50,157702,1618],{"class":68},[50,157704,72],{"class":64},[50,157706,840],{"class":68},[50,157708,72],{"class":64},[50,157710,1627],{"class":68},[50,157712,72],{"class":64},[50,157714,50913],{"class":68},[50,157716,72],{"class":64},[50,157718,5160],{"class":68},[50,157720,105],{"class":64},[50,157722,157723],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,157724,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,157726,157727,157729,157731,157733,157735,157737],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,157728,118],{"class":94},[50,157730,98],{"class":64},[50,157732,102],{"class":101},[50,157734,75590],{"class":64},[50,157736,69],{"class":68},[50,157738,3970],{"class":64},[20,157740,353],{},[41,157742,157743],{"className":43,"code":151270,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,157744,157745],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,157746,157747,157749,157751,157753,157755,157757,157759],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,157748,98],{"class":64},[50,157750,1618],{"class":68},[50,157752,72],{"class":64},[50,157754,840],{"class":68},[50,157756,72],{"class":64},[50,157758,1627],{"class":68},[50,157760,105],{"class":64},[222,157762,157764],{"id":157763},"get-items-from-an-index-to-the-end","Get items from an index to the end",[41,157766,157768],{"className":43,"code":157767,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[2:])\n",[15,157769,157770,157798,157802],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,157771,157772,157774,157776,157778,157780,157782,157784,157786,157788,157790,157792,157794,157796],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,157773,57],{"class":56},[50,157775,61],{"class":60},[50,157777,521],{"class":64},[50,157779,1618],{"class":68},[50,157781,72],{"class":64},[50,157783,840],{"class":68},[50,157785,72],{"class":64},[50,157787,1627],{"class":68},[50,157789,72],{"class":64},[50,157791,50913],{"class":68},[50,157793,72],{"class":64},[50,157795,5160],{"class":68},[50,157797,105],{"class":64},[50,157799,157800],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,157801,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,157803,157804,157806,157808,157810,157812,157814],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,157805,118],{"class":94},[50,157807,98],{"class":64},[50,157809,102],{"class":101},[50,157811,363],{"class":64},[50,157813,1564],{"class":68},[50,157815,77770],{"class":64},[20,157817,353],{},[41,157819,157821],{"className":43,"code":157820,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"(30, 40, 50)\n",[15,157822,157823],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,157824,157825,157827,157829,157831,157833,157835,157837],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,157826,98],{"class":64},[50,157828,36910],{"class":68},[50,157830,72],{"class":64},[50,157832,50913],{"class":68},[50,157834,72],{"class":64},[50,157836,5160],{"class":68},[50,157838,105],{"class":64},[222,157840,157842],{"id":157841},"get-a-range-of-items","Get a range of items",[41,157844,157846],{"className":43,"code":157845,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,157847,157848,157876,157880],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,157849,157850,157852,157854,157856,157858,157860,157862,157864,157866,157868,157870,157872,157874],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,157851,57],{"class":56},[50,157853,61],{"class":60},[50,157855,521],{"class":64},[50,157857,1618],{"class":68},[50,157859,72],{"class":64},[50,157861,840],{"class":68},[50,157863,72],{"class":64},[50,157865,1627],{"class":68},[50,157867,72],{"class":64},[50,157869,50913],{"class":68},[50,157871,72],{"class":64},[50,157873,5160],{"class":68},[50,157875,105],{"class":64},[50,157877,157878],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,157879,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,157881,157882,157884,157886,157888,157890,157892,157894,157896],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,157883,118],{"class":94},[50,157885,98],{"class":64},[50,157887,102],{"class":101},[50,157889,363],{"class":64},[50,157891,366],{"class":68},[50,157893,819],{"class":64},[50,157895,2602],{"class":68},[50,157897,3970],{"class":64},[20,157899,353],{},[41,157901,157903],{"className":43,"code":157902,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"(20, 30, 40)\n",[15,157904,157905],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,157906,157907,157909,157911,157913,157915,157917,157919],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,157908,98],{"class":64},[50,157910,15826],{"class":68},[50,157912,72],{"class":64},[50,157914,1627],{"class":68},[50,157916,72],{"class":64},[50,157918,50913],{"class":68},[50,157920,105],{"class":64},[222,157922,157924],{"id":157923},"get-every-second-item","Get every second item",[41,157926,157928],{"className":43,"code":157927,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[::2])\n",[15,157929,157930,157962,157966],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,157931,157932,157934,157936,157938,157940,157942,157944,157946,157948,157950,157952,157954,157956,157958,157960],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,157933,57],{"class":56},[50,157935,61],{"class":60},[50,157937,521],{"class":64},[50,157939,1618],{"class":68},[50,157941,72],{"class":64},[50,157943,840],{"class":68},[50,157945,72],{"class":64},[50,157947,1627],{"class":68},[50,157949,72],{"class":64},[50,157951,50913],{"class":68},[50,157953,72],{"class":64},[50,157955,5160],{"class":68},[50,157957,72],{"class":64},[50,157959,76154],{"class":68},[50,157961,105],{"class":64},[50,157963,157964],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,157965,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,157967,157968,157970,157972,157974,157976,157978],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,157969,118],{"class":94},[50,157971,98],{"class":64},[50,157973,102],{"class":101},[50,157975,74181],{"class":64},[50,157977,1564],{"class":68},[50,157979,3970],{"class":64},[20,157981,353],{},[41,157983,157985],{"className":43,"code":157984,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"(10, 30, 50)\n",[15,157986,157987],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,157988,157989,157991,157993,157995,157997,157999,158001],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,157990,98],{"class":64},[50,157992,1618],{"class":68},[50,157994,72],{"class":64},[50,157996,1627],{"class":68},[50,157998,72],{"class":64},[50,158000,5160],{"class":68},[50,158002,105],{"class":64},[222,158004,158006],{"id":158005},"reverse-a-tuple","Reverse a tuple",[41,158008,158010],{"className":43,"code":158009,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[::-1])\n",[15,158011,158012,158040,158044],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,158013,158014,158016,158018,158020,158022,158024,158026,158028,158030,158032,158034,158036,158038],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,158015,57],{"class":56},[50,158017,61],{"class":60},[50,158019,521],{"class":64},[50,158021,1618],{"class":68},[50,158023,72],{"class":64},[50,158025,840],{"class":68},[50,158027,72],{"class":64},[50,158029,1627],{"class":68},[50,158031,72],{"class":64},[50,158033,50913],{"class":68},[50,158035,72],{"class":64},[50,158037,5160],{"class":68},[50,158039,105],{"class":64},[50,158041,158042],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,158043,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,158045,158046,158048,158050,158052,158054,158056,158058],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,158047,118],{"class":94},[50,158049,98],{"class":64},[50,158051,102],{"class":101},[50,158053,74181],{"class":64},[50,158055,2124],{"class":60},[50,158057,366],{"class":68},[50,158059,3970],{"class":64},[20,158061,353],{},[41,158063,158065],{"className":43,"code":158064,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"(50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,158066,158067],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,158068,158069,158071,158073,158075,158077,158079,158081,158083,158085,158087,158089],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,158070,98],{"class":64},[50,158072,76848],{"class":68},[50,158074,72],{"class":64},[50,158076,50913],{"class":68},[50,158078,72],{"class":64},[50,158080,1627],{"class":68},[50,158082,72],{"class":64},[50,158084,840],{"class":68},[50,158086,72],{"class":64},[50,158088,6082],{"class":68},[50,158090,105],{"class":64},[36,158092,76364],{"id":76363},[20,158094,154277],{},[20,158096,158097],{},"This is useful when you want values near the end without calculating the tuple length first.",[222,158099,158101],{"id":158100},"get-the-last-3-items","Get the last 3 items",[41,158103,158105],{"className":43,"code":158104,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[-3:])\n",[15,158106,158107,158139,158143],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,158108,158109,158111,158113,158115,158117,158119,158121,158123,158125,158127,158129,158131,158133,158135,158137],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,158110,57],{"class":56},[50,158112,61],{"class":60},[50,158114,521],{"class":64},[50,158116,1618],{"class":68},[50,158118,72],{"class":64},[50,158120,840],{"class":68},[50,158122,72],{"class":64},[50,158124,1627],{"class":68},[50,158126,72],{"class":64},[50,158128,50913],{"class":68},[50,158130,72],{"class":64},[50,158132,5160],{"class":68},[50,158134,72],{"class":64},[50,158136,76154],{"class":68},[50,158138,105],{"class":64},[50,158140,158141],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,158142,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,158144,158145,158147,158149,158151,158153,158155,158157],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,158146,118],{"class":94},[50,158148,98],{"class":64},[50,158150,102],{"class":101},[50,158152,363],{"class":64},[50,158154,2124],{"class":60},[50,158156,69],{"class":68},[50,158158,77770],{"class":64},[20,158160,353],{},[41,158162,158164],{"className":43,"code":158163,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"(40, 50, 60)\n",[15,158165,158166],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,158167,158168,158170,158172,158174,158176,158178,158180],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,158169,98],{"class":64},[50,158171,56760],{"class":68},[50,158173,72],{"class":64},[50,158175,5160],{"class":68},[50,158177,72],{"class":64},[50,158179,76154],{"class":68},[50,158181,105],{"class":64},[222,158183,158185],{"id":158184},"get-everything-except-the-last-item","Get everything except the last item",[41,158187,158189],{"className":43,"code":158188,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:-1])\n",[15,158190,158191,158219,158223],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,158192,158193,158195,158197,158199,158201,158203,158205,158207,158209,158211,158213,158215,158217],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,158194,57],{"class":56},[50,158196,61],{"class":60},[50,158198,521],{"class":64},[50,158200,1618],{"class":68},[50,158202,72],{"class":64},[50,158204,840],{"class":68},[50,158206,72],{"class":64},[50,158208,1627],{"class":68},[50,158210,72],{"class":64},[50,158212,50913],{"class":68},[50,158214,72],{"class":64},[50,158216,5160],{"class":68},[50,158218,105],{"class":64},[50,158220,158221],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,158222,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,158224,158225,158227,158229,158231,158233,158235,158237],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,158226,118],{"class":94},[50,158228,98],{"class":64},[50,158230,102],{"class":101},[50,158232,75590],{"class":64},[50,158234,2124],{"class":60},[50,158236,366],{"class":68},[50,158238,3970],{"class":64},[20,158240,353],{},[41,158242,158244],{"className":43,"code":158243,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,158245,158246],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,158247,158248,158250,158252,158254,158256,158258,158260,158262,158264],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,158249,98],{"class":64},[50,158251,1618],{"class":68},[50,158253,72],{"class":64},[50,158255,840],{"class":68},[50,158257,72],{"class":64},[50,158259,1627],{"class":68},[50,158261,72],{"class":64},[50,158263,50913],{"class":68},[50,158265,105],{"class":64},[20,158267,158268,158269,425],{},"Negative values are especially helpful when the tuple size may change. If you want to check the size first, see ",[421,158270,150827],{"href":157161},[36,158272,158274],{"id":158273},"step-values-and-reversing","Step values and reversing",[20,158276,1185,158277,158279],{},[15,158278,75484],{}," value controls how slicing moves.",[158,158281,158282,158284,158286,158292],{},[161,158283,76620],{},[161,158285,76623],{},[161,158287,158288,158291],{},[15,158289,158290],{},"tuple[::-1]"," is a common way to reverse a tuple",[161,158293,158294,158295,158297],{},"A step of ",[15,158296,2220],{}," is not allowed",[20,158299,158300],{},"Example with a positive step:",[41,158302,158304],{"className":43,"code":158303,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:6:2])\n",[15,158305,158306,158338,158342],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,158307,158308,158310,158312,158314,158316,158318,158320,158322,158324,158326,158328,158330,158332,158334,158336],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,158309,57],{"class":56},[50,158311,61],{"class":60},[50,158313,521],{"class":64},[50,158315,1618],{"class":68},[50,158317,72],{"class":64},[50,158319,840],{"class":68},[50,158321,72],{"class":64},[50,158323,1627],{"class":68},[50,158325,72],{"class":64},[50,158327,50913],{"class":68},[50,158329,72],{"class":64},[50,158331,5160],{"class":68},[50,158333,72],{"class":64},[50,158335,76154],{"class":68},[50,158337,105],{"class":64},[50,158339,158340],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,158341,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,158343,158344,158346,158348,158350,158352,158354,158356,158358,158360,158362],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,158345,118],{"class":94},[50,158347,98],{"class":64},[50,158349,102],{"class":101},[50,158351,363],{"class":64},[50,158353,366],{"class":68},[50,158355,819],{"class":64},[50,158357,80638],{"class":68},[50,158359,819],{"class":64},[50,158361,1564],{"class":68},[50,158363,3970],{"class":64},[20,158365,353],{},[41,158367,158369],{"className":43,"code":158368,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"(20, 40, 60)\n",[15,158370,158371],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,158372,158373,158375,158377,158379,158381,158383,158385],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,158374,98],{"class":64},[50,158376,15826],{"class":68},[50,158378,72],{"class":64},[50,158380,50913],{"class":68},[50,158382,72],{"class":64},[50,158384,76154],{"class":68},[50,158386,105],{"class":64},[20,158388,158389],{},"Example with a negative step:",[41,158391,158393],{"className":43,"code":158392,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])\n",[15,158394,158395,158423,158427],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,158396,158397,158399,158401,158403,158405,158407,158409,158411,158413,158415,158417,158419,158421],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,158398,57],{"class":56},[50,158400,61],{"class":60},[50,158402,521],{"class":64},[50,158404,1618],{"class":68},[50,158406,72],{"class":64},[50,158408,840],{"class":68},[50,158410,72],{"class":64},[50,158412,1627],{"class":68},[50,158414,72],{"class":64},[50,158416,50913],{"class":68},[50,158418,72],{"class":64},[50,158420,5160],{"class":68},[50,158422,105],{"class":64},[50,158424,158425],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,158426,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,158428,158429,158431,158433,158435,158437,158439,158441,158443,158445,158447,158449],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,158430,118],{"class":94},[50,158432,98],{"class":64},[50,158434,102],{"class":101},[50,158436,363],{"class":64},[50,158438,2602],{"class":68},[50,158440,819],{"class":64},[50,158442,366],{"class":68},[50,158444,819],{"class":64},[50,158446,2124],{"class":60},[50,158448,366],{"class":68},[50,158450,3970],{"class":64},[20,158452,353],{},[41,158454,158456],{"className":43,"code":158455,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"(50, 40, 30)\n",[15,158457,158458],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,158459,158460,158462,158464,158466,158468,158470,158472],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,158461,98],{"class":64},[50,158463,76848],{"class":68},[50,158465,72],{"class":64},[50,158467,50913],{"class":68},[50,158469,72],{"class":64},[50,158471,1627],{"class":68},[50,158473,105],{"class":64},[20,158475,158476],{},"Be careful with this invalid slice:",[41,158478,158480],{"className":43,"code":158479,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,158481,158482,158502,158506],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,158483,158484,158486,158488,158490,158492,158494,158496,158498,158500],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,158485,57],{"class":56},[50,158487,61],{"class":60},[50,158489,521],{"class":64},[50,158491,1618],{"class":68},[50,158493,72],{"class":64},[50,158495,840],{"class":68},[50,158497,72],{"class":64},[50,158499,1627],{"class":68},[50,158501,105],{"class":64},[50,158503,158504],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,158505,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,158507,158508,158510,158512,158514,158516,158518],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,158509,118],{"class":94},[50,158511,98],{"class":64},[50,158513,102],{"class":101},[50,158515,74181],{"class":64},[50,158517,2220],{"class":68},[50,158519,3970],{"class":64},[20,158521,158522],{},"This raises an error because the step cannot be zero.",[36,158524,158526],{"id":158525},"what-slicing-returns","What slicing returns",[20,158528,158529,158530,33812],{},"A tuple slice returns a ",[3824,158531,505],{},[222,158533,158535],{"id":158534},"a-normal-slice-returns-a-tuple","A normal slice returns a tuple",[41,158537,158539],{"className":43,"code":158538,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nresult = numbers[1:3]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,158540,158541,158565,158569,158587,158591,158601],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,158542,158543,158545,158547,158549,158551,158553,158555,158557,158559,158561,158563],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,158544,57],{"class":56},[50,158546,61],{"class":60},[50,158548,521],{"class":64},[50,158550,1618],{"class":68},[50,158552,72],{"class":64},[50,158554,840],{"class":68},[50,158556,72],{"class":64},[50,158558,1627],{"class":68},[50,158560,72],{"class":64},[50,158562,50913],{"class":68},[50,158564,105],{"class":64},[50,158566,158567],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,158568,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,158570,158571,158573,158575,158577,158579,158581,158583,158585],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,158572,89],{"class":56},[50,158574,61],{"class":60},[50,158576,4341],{"class":56},[50,158578,363],{"class":64},[50,158580,366],{"class":68},[50,158582,819],{"class":64},[50,158584,69],{"class":68},[50,158586,83],{"class":64},[50,158588,158589],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,158590,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,158592,158593,158595,158597,158599],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,158594,118],{"class":94},[50,158596,98],{"class":64},[50,158598,123],{"class":101},[50,158600,105],{"class":64},[50,158602,158603,158605,158607,158609,158611,158613],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,158604,118],{"class":94},[50,158606,98],{"class":64},[50,158608,558],{"class":557},[50,158610,98],{"class":64},[50,158612,123],{"class":101},[50,158614,478],{"class":64},[20,158616,353],{},[41,158618,158620],{"className":43,"code":158619,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"(20, 30)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,158621,158622,158634],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,158623,158624,158626,158628,158630,158632],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,158625,98],{"class":64},[50,158627,15826],{"class":68},[50,158629,72],{"class":64},[50,158631,1627],{"class":68},[50,158633,105],{"class":64},[50,158635,158636,158638,158640,158642,158644,158646],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,158637,597],{"class":60},[50,158639,601],{"class":600},[50,158641,605],{"class":604},[50,158643,505],{"class":608},[50,158645,611],{"class":604},[50,158647,614],{"class":60},[222,158649,158651],{"id":158650},"a-one-item-slice-is-still-a-tuple","A one-item slice is still a tuple",[41,158653,158655],{"className":43,"code":158654,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nresult = numbers[1:2]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,158656,158657,158677,158681,158699,158703,158713],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,158658,158659,158661,158663,158665,158667,158669,158671,158673,158675],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,158660,57],{"class":56},[50,158662,61],{"class":60},[50,158664,521],{"class":64},[50,158666,1618],{"class":68},[50,158668,72],{"class":64},[50,158670,840],{"class":68},[50,158672,72],{"class":64},[50,158674,1627],{"class":68},[50,158676,105],{"class":64},[50,158678,158679],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,158680,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,158682,158683,158685,158687,158689,158691,158693,158695,158697],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,158684,89],{"class":56},[50,158686,61],{"class":60},[50,158688,4341],{"class":56},[50,158690,363],{"class":64},[50,158692,366],{"class":68},[50,158694,819],{"class":64},[50,158696,1564],{"class":68},[50,158698,83],{"class":64},[50,158700,158701],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,158702,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,158704,158705,158707,158709,158711],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,158706,118],{"class":94},[50,158708,98],{"class":64},[50,158710,123],{"class":101},[50,158712,105],{"class":64},[50,158714,158715,158717,158719,158721,158723,158725],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,158716,118],{"class":94},[50,158718,98],{"class":64},[50,158720,558],{"class":557},[50,158722,98],{"class":64},[50,158724,123],{"class":101},[50,158726,478],{"class":64},[20,158728,353],{},[41,158730,158732],{"className":43,"code":158731,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"(20,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,158733,158734,158742],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,158735,158736,158738,158740],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,158737,98],{"class":64},[50,158739,15826],{"class":68},[50,158741,149261],{"class":64},[50,158743,158744,158746,158748,158750,158752,158754],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,158745,597],{"class":60},[50,158747,601],{"class":600},[50,158749,605],{"class":604},[50,158751,505],{"class":608},[50,158753,611],{"class":604},[50,158755,614],{"class":60},[222,158757,158759],{"id":158758},"an-empty-slice-returns-an-empty-tuple","An empty slice returns an empty tuple",[41,158761,158763],{"className":43,"code":158762,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5:8])\n",[15,158764,158765,158785,158789],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,158766,158767,158769,158771,158773,158775,158777,158779,158781,158783],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,158768,57],{"class":56},[50,158770,61],{"class":60},[50,158772,521],{"class":64},[50,158774,1618],{"class":68},[50,158776,72],{"class":64},[50,158778,840],{"class":68},[50,158780,72],{"class":64},[50,158782,1627],{"class":68},[50,158784,105],{"class":64},[50,158786,158787],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,158788,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,158790,158791,158793,158795,158797,158799,158801,158803,158805],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,158792,118],{"class":94},[50,158794,98],{"class":64},[50,158796,102],{"class":101},[50,158798,363],{"class":64},[50,158800,290],{"class":68},[50,158802,819],{"class":64},[50,158804,2442],{"class":68},[50,158806,3970],{"class":64},[20,158808,353],{},[41,158810,158811],{"className":43,"code":8722,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,158812,158813],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,158814,158815],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,158816,8722],{"class":64},[20,158818,158819,158820,425],{},"If you need help creating tuples correctly, including one-item tuples, see ",[421,158821,155997],{"href":150884},[36,158823,158825],{"id":158824},"tuple-slicing-vs-tuple-indexing","Tuple slicing vs tuple indexing",[20,158827,158828],{},"Slicing and indexing are related, but they are not the same.",[158,158830,158831,158833,158836,158841],{},[161,158832,76929],{},[161,158834,158835],{},"Slicing gets multiple items or a range",[161,158837,158838,158839],{},"Indexing can raise ",[15,158840,70792],{},[161,158842,158843],{},"Slicing usually returns an empty tuple if the range does not match",[20,158845,1602],{},[41,158847,158849],{"className":43,"code":158848,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[1])    # one item\nprint(numbers[1:5])  # slice\nprint(numbers[5:8])  # empty slice\n",[15,158850,158851,158871,158875,158892,158913],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,158852,158853,158855,158857,158859,158861,158863,158865,158867,158869],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,158854,57],{"class":56},[50,158856,61],{"class":60},[50,158858,521],{"class":64},[50,158860,1618],{"class":68},[50,158862,72],{"class":64},[50,158864,840],{"class":68},[50,158866,72],{"class":64},[50,158868,1627],{"class":68},[50,158870,105],{"class":64},[50,158872,158873],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,158874,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,158876,158877,158879,158881,158883,158885,158887,158889],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,158878,118],{"class":94},[50,158880,98],{"class":64},[50,158882,102],{"class":101},[50,158884,363],{"class":64},[50,158886,366],{"class":68},[50,158888,20516],{"class":64},[50,158890,158891],{"class":129},"    # one item\n",[50,158893,158894,158896,158898,158900,158902,158904,158906,158908,158910],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,158895,118],{"class":94},[50,158897,98],{"class":64},[50,158899,102],{"class":101},[50,158901,363],{"class":64},[50,158903,366],{"class":68},[50,158905,819],{"class":64},[50,158907,290],{"class":68},[50,158909,20516],{"class":64},[50,158911,158912],{"class":129},"  # slice\n",[50,158914,158915,158917,158919,158921,158923,158925,158927,158929,158931],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,158916,118],{"class":94},[50,158918,98],{"class":64},[50,158920,102],{"class":101},[50,158922,363],{"class":64},[50,158924,290],{"class":68},[50,158926,819],{"class":64},[50,158928,2442],{"class":68},[50,158930,20516],{"class":64},[50,158932,158933],{"class":129},"  # empty slice\n",[20,158935,353],{},[41,158937,158939],{"className":43,"code":158938,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"20\n(20, 30)\n()\n",[15,158940,158941,158945,158957],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,158942,158943],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,158944,71285],{"class":68},[50,158946,158947,158949,158951,158953,158955],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,158948,98],{"class":64},[50,158950,15826],{"class":68},[50,158952,72],{"class":64},[50,158954,1627],{"class":68},[50,158956,105],{"class":64},[50,158958,158959],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,158960,8722],{"class":64},[20,158962,158963],{},"Now compare that with invalid indexing:",[41,158965,158967],{"className":43,"code":158966,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,158968,158969,158989,158993],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,158970,158971,158973,158975,158977,158979,158981,158983,158985,158987],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,158972,57],{"class":56},[50,158974,61],{"class":60},[50,158976,521],{"class":64},[50,158978,1618],{"class":68},[50,158980,72],{"class":64},[50,158982,840],{"class":68},[50,158984,72],{"class":64},[50,158986,1627],{"class":68},[50,158988,105],{"class":64},[50,158990,158991],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,158992,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,158994,158995,158997,158999,159001,159003,159005],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,158996,118],{"class":94},[50,158998,98],{"class":64},[50,159000,102],{"class":101},[50,159002,363],{"class":64},[50,159004,290],{"class":68},[50,159006,3970],{"class":64},[20,159008,159009,159010,159012,159013,425],{},"This raises an ",[15,159011,70792],{},". If you run into that problem, read ",[421,159014,154750],{"href":159015},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix",[36,159017,15249],{"id":77196},[20,159019,159020],{},"These are the most common tuple slicing mistakes:",[158,159022,159023,159026,159028,159031],{},[161,159024,159025],{},"Thinking the stop index is included",[161,159027,60757],{},[161,159029,159030],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original tuple",[161,159032,159033,159034],{},"Forgetting that step cannot be ",[15,159035,2220],{},[20,159037,159038],{},"Here are a few examples.",[222,159040,159042],{"id":159041},"mistake-thinking-the-stop-index-is-included","Mistake: thinking the stop index is included",[41,159044,159045],{"className":43,"code":157845,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,159046,159047,159075,159079],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,159048,159049,159051,159053,159055,159057,159059,159061,159063,159065,159067,159069,159071,159073],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,159050,57],{"class":56},[50,159052,61],{"class":60},[50,159054,521],{"class":64},[50,159056,1618],{"class":68},[50,159058,72],{"class":64},[50,159060,840],{"class":68},[50,159062,72],{"class":64},[50,159064,1627],{"class":68},[50,159066,72],{"class":64},[50,159068,50913],{"class":68},[50,159070,72],{"class":64},[50,159072,5160],{"class":68},[50,159074,105],{"class":64},[50,159076,159077],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,159078,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,159080,159081,159083,159085,159087,159089,159091,159093,159095],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,159082,118],{"class":94},[50,159084,98],{"class":64},[50,159086,102],{"class":101},[50,159088,363],{"class":64},[50,159090,366],{"class":68},[50,159092,819],{"class":64},[50,159094,2602],{"class":68},[50,159096,3970],{"class":64},[20,159098,353],{},[41,159100,159101],{"className":43,"code":157902,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,159102,159103],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,159104,159105,159107,159109,159111,159113,159115,159117],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,159106,98],{"class":64},[50,159108,15826],{"class":68},[50,159110,72],{"class":64},[50,159112,1627],{"class":68},[50,159114,72],{"class":64},[50,159116,50913],{"class":68},[50,159118,105],{"class":64},[20,159120,132329,159121,159123],{},[15,159122,2602],{}," is not included.",[222,159125,159127],{"id":159126},"mistake-using-parentheses","Mistake: using parentheses",[20,159129,4605],{},[41,159131,159133],{"className":43,"code":159132,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\n# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[15,159134,159135,159159,159163],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,159136,159137,159139,159141,159143,159145,159147,159149,159151,159153,159155,159157],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,159138,57],{"class":56},[50,159140,61],{"class":60},[50,159142,521],{"class":64},[50,159144,1618],{"class":68},[50,159146,72],{"class":64},[50,159148,840],{"class":68},[50,159150,72],{"class":64},[50,159152,1627],{"class":68},[50,159154,72],{"class":64},[50,159156,50913],{"class":68},[50,159158,105],{"class":64},[50,159160,159161],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,159162,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,159164,159165],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,159166,159167],{"class":129},"# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[20,159169,159170],{},"Use square brackets instead:",[41,159172,159173],{"className":43,"code":154830,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,159174,159175,159199,159203],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,159176,159177,159179,159181,159183,159185,159187,159189,159191,159193,159195,159197],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,159178,57],{"class":56},[50,159180,61],{"class":60},[50,159182,521],{"class":64},[50,159184,1618],{"class":68},[50,159186,72],{"class":64},[50,159188,840],{"class":68},[50,159190,72],{"class":64},[50,159192,1627],{"class":68},[50,159194,72],{"class":64},[50,159196,50913],{"class":68},[50,159198,105],{"class":64},[50,159200,159201],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,159202,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,159204,159205,159207,159209,159211,159213,159215,159217,159219],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,159206,118],{"class":94},[50,159208,98],{"class":64},[50,159210,102],{"class":101},[50,159212,363],{"class":64},[50,159214,366],{"class":68},[50,159216,819],{"class":64},[50,159218,69],{"class":68},[50,159220,3970],{"class":64},[222,159222,159224],{"id":159223},"mistake-expecting-the-original-tuple-to-change","Mistake: expecting the original tuple to change",[41,159226,159228],{"className":43,"code":159227,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nslice_result = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(slice_result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,159229,159230,159254,159258,159273,159277,159288],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,159231,159232,159234,159236,159238,159240,159242,159244,159246,159248,159250,159252],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,159233,57],{"class":56},[50,159235,61],{"class":60},[50,159237,521],{"class":64},[50,159239,1618],{"class":68},[50,159241,72],{"class":64},[50,159243,840],{"class":68},[50,159245,72],{"class":64},[50,159247,1627],{"class":68},[50,159249,72],{"class":64},[50,159251,50913],{"class":68},[50,159253,105],{"class":64},[50,159255,159256],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,159257,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,159259,159260,159263,159265,159267,159269,159271],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,159261,159262],{"class":56},"slice_result ",[50,159264,61],{"class":60},[50,159266,4341],{"class":56},[50,159268,75590],{"class":64},[50,159270,1564],{"class":68},[50,159272,83],{"class":64},[50,159274,159275],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,159276,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,159278,159279,159281,159283,159286],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,159280,118],{"class":94},[50,159282,98],{"class":64},[50,159284,159285],{"class":101},"slice_result",[50,159287,105],{"class":64},[50,159289,159290,159292,159294,159296],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,159291,118],{"class":94},[50,159293,98],{"class":64},[50,159295,102],{"class":101},[50,159297,105],{"class":64},[20,159299,353],{},[41,159301,159303],{"className":43,"code":159302,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"(10, 20)\n(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,159304,159305,159317],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,159306,159307,159309,159311,159313,159315],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,159308,98],{"class":64},[50,159310,1618],{"class":68},[50,159312,72],{"class":64},[50,159314,840],{"class":68},[50,159316,105],{"class":64},[50,159318,159319,159321,159323,159325,159327,159329,159331,159333,159335],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,159320,98],{"class":64},[50,159322,1618],{"class":68},[50,159324,72],{"class":64},[50,159326,840],{"class":68},[50,159328,72],{"class":64},[50,159330,1627],{"class":68},[50,159332,72],{"class":64},[50,159334,50913],{"class":68},[50,159336,105],{"class":64},[20,159338,159339],{},"The original tuple is unchanged.",[36,159341,113766],{"id":113765},[20,159343,159344],{},"Many tuple slicing problems come from a few simple misunderstandings:",[158,159346,159347,159350,159353,159359,159362],{},[161,159348,159349],{},"Confusing slicing with indexing",[161,159351,159352],{},"Expecting the stop index to be included",[161,159354,159355,159356],{},"Using a zero step like ",[15,159357,159358],{},"tuple[::0]",[161,159360,159361],{},"Assuming tuple slices return a list",[161,159363,159364],{},"Using parentheses instead of brackets",[20,159366,159367],{},"If your slice is not giving the result you expect, print the tuple, the slice, and its type.",[41,159369,159371],{"className":43,"code":159370,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple[1:4])\nprint(type(my_tuple[1:4]))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,159372,159373,159383,159401,159423],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,159374,159375,159377,159379,159381],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,159376,118],{"class":94},[50,159378,98],{"class":64},[50,159380,147923],{"class":101},[50,159382,105],{"class":64},[50,159384,159385,159387,159389,159391,159393,159395,159397,159399],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,159386,118],{"class":94},[50,159388,98],{"class":64},[50,159390,147923],{"class":101},[50,159392,363],{"class":64},[50,159394,366],{"class":68},[50,159396,819],{"class":64},[50,159398,2602],{"class":68},[50,159400,3970],{"class":64},[50,159402,159403,159405,159407,159409,159411,159413,159415,159417,159419,159421],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,159404,118],{"class":94},[50,159406,98],{"class":64},[50,159408,558],{"class":557},[50,159410,98],{"class":64},[50,159412,147923],{"class":101},[50,159414,363],{"class":64},[50,159416,366],{"class":68},[50,159418,819],{"class":64},[50,159420,2602],{"class":68},[50,159422,1805],{"class":64},[50,159424,159425,159427,159429,159431,159433,159435],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,159426,118],{"class":94},[50,159428,98],{"class":64},[50,159430,1267],{"class":94},[50,159432,98],{"class":64},[50,159434,147923],{"class":101},[50,159436,478],{"class":64},[20,159438,11245],{},[158,159440,159441,159443,159446,159449],{},[161,159442,155137],{},[161,159444,159445],{},"what the slice actually returns",[161,159447,159448],{},"that the result is a tuple",[161,159450,159451],{},"how many items are in the original tuple",[36,159453,1913],{"id":1912},[222,159455,159457],{"id":159456},"does-tuple-slicing-change-the-original-tuple","Does tuple slicing change the original tuple?",[20,159459,159460],{},"No. It returns a new tuple and leaves the original tuple unchanged.",[222,159462,159464],{"id":159463},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-tuple-slice","Is the stop index included in a tuple slice?",[20,159466,159467],{},"No. The stop index is excluded.",[222,159469,1927,159471,40029],{"id":159470},"what-does-tuple-1-do",[15,159472,158290],{},[20,159474,159475],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the tuple.",[222,159477,159479,159480,1943],{"id":159478},"can-tuple-slicing-cause-an-indexerror","Can tuple slicing cause an ",[15,159481,70792],{},[20,159483,159484,159485,425],{},"Normal slicing usually does not. Invalid indexing is more likely to cause ",[15,159486,70792],{},[36,159488,1975],{"id":1974},[158,159490,159491,159495,159499,159503,159507],{},[161,159492,159493],{},[421,159494,155997],{"href":150884},[161,159496,159497],{},[421,159498,149578],{"href":153004},[161,159500,159501],{},[421,159502,150827],{"href":157161},[161,159504,159505],{},[421,159506,147905],{"href":157523},[161,159508,159509],{},[421,159510,154750],{"href":159015},[2018,159512,159513],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":159515},[159516,159517,159518,159519,159527,159531,159532,159537,159538,159543,159544,159552],{"id":2104,"depth":86,"text":2105},{"id":157323,"depth":86,"text":157324},{"id":157526,"depth":86,"text":157527},{"id":76070,"depth":86,"text":76071,"children":159520},[159521,159523,159524,159525,159526],{"id":157684,"depth":108,"text":159522},"Get the first n items",{"id":157763,"depth":108,"text":157764},{"id":157841,"depth":108,"text":157842},{"id":157923,"depth":108,"text":157924},{"id":158005,"depth":108,"text":158006},{"id":76363,"depth":86,"text":76364,"children":159528},[159529,159530],{"id":158100,"depth":108,"text":158101},{"id":158184,"depth":108,"text":158185},{"id":158273,"depth":86,"text":158274},{"id":158525,"depth":86,"text":158526,"children":159533},[159534,159535,159536],{"id":158534,"depth":108,"text":158535},{"id":158650,"depth":108,"text":158651},{"id":158758,"depth":108,"text":158759},{"id":158824,"depth":86,"text":158825},{"id":77196,"depth":86,"text":15249,"children":159539},[159540,159541,159542],{"id":159041,"depth":108,"text":159042},{"id":159126,"depth":108,"text":159127},{"id":159223,"depth":108,"text":159224},{"id":113765,"depth":86,"text":113766},{"id":1912,"depth":86,"text":1913,"children":159545},[159546,159547,159548,159550],{"id":159456,"depth":108,"text":159457},{"id":159463,"depth":108,"text":159464},{"id":159470,"depth":108,"text":159549},"What does tuple[::-1] do?",{"id":159478,"depth":108,"text":159551},"Can tuple slicing cause an IndexError?",{"id":1974,"depth":86,"text":1975},"Master python tuple slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained",{"title":157167,"description":159553},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained","ROkj949_3FkekNafMx2xqeTKvYABAUil42nCZh0Pr8s",{"id":159560,"title":159561,"body":159562,"description":161385,"extension":2064,"meta":161386,"navigation":111,"path":34878,"seo":161387,"stem":161388,"__hash__":161389},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained.md","Python type() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":159563,"toc":161351},[159564,159569,159574,159578,159596,159599,159614,159620,159622,159679,159681,159713,159725,159731,159736,159739,159774,159780,159782,159785,159799,159802,159804,159827,159829,159847,159850,159866,159868,159871,159984,159986,160075,160078,160083,160089,160092,160095,160194,160196,160255,160260,160263,160332,160336,160368,160384,160389,160396,160403,160415,160417,160466,160468,160491,160497,160545,160550,160557,160565,160571,160574,160598,160601,160603,160679,160681,160706,160712,160715,160720,160724,160738,160740,160803,160805,160837,160840,160856,160858,160864,160871,160873,160892,160894,160912,160919,160924,160931,160933,160970,160973,160980,160984,160987,161045,161048,161051,161106,161108,161120,161126,161128,161132,161165,161172,161174,161237,161240,161242,161247,161261,161268,161276,161285,161294,161300,161306,161308,161348],[10,159565,13,159567,18],{"id":159566},"python-type-function-explained",[15,159568,2400],{},[20,159570,32387,159571,159573],{},[15,159572,2400],{}," function tells you what kind of value an object is.",[20,159575,62831,159576,104611],{},[15,159577,2400],{},[158,159579,159580,159583,159586,159589],{},[161,159581,159582],{},"check whether a value is a string, number, list, or dictionary",[161,159584,159585],{},"understand what a variable currently contains",[161,159587,159588],{},"debug confusing code",[161,159590,159591,159592],{},"inspect values returned by functions such as ",[421,159593,159594],{"href":8298},[15,159595,3055],{},[20,159597,159598],{},"In most beginner code, you will use the one-argument form:",[41,159600,159602],{"className":43,"code":159601,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"type(object)\n",[15,159603,159604],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,159605,159606,159608,159610,159612],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,159607,558],{"class":557},[50,159609,98],{"class":64},[50,159611,42467],{"class":557},[50,159613,105],{"class":64},[20,159615,159616,159617,159619],{},"Python also has a three-argument form of ",[15,159618,2400],{},", but that is an advanced feature for creating classes dynamically.",[36,159621,39],{"id":38},[41,159623,159625],{"className":43,"code":159624,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(type(name))\n\nnumber = 10\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,159626,159627,159639,159653,159657,159665],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,159628,159629,159631,159633,159635,159637],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,159630,7955],{"class":56},[50,159632,61],{"class":60},[50,159634,700],{"class":604},[50,159636,5083],{"class":608},[50,159638,705],{"class":604},[50,159640,159641,159643,159645,159647,159649,159651],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,159642,118],{"class":94},[50,159644,98],{"class":64},[50,159646,558],{"class":557},[50,159648,98],{"class":64},[50,159650,814],{"class":101},[50,159652,478],{"class":64},[50,159654,159655],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,159656,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,159658,159659,159661,159663],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,159660,2316],{"class":56},[50,159662,61],{"class":60},[50,159664,2685],{"class":68},[50,159666,159667,159669,159671,159673,159675,159677],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,159668,118],{"class":94},[50,159670,98],{"class":64},[50,159672,558],{"class":557},[50,159674,98],{"class":64},[50,159676,2338],{"class":101},[50,159678,478],{"class":64},[20,159680,353],{},[41,159682,159683],{"className":43,"code":124990,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,159684,159685,159699],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,159686,159687,159689,159691,159693,159695,159697],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,159688,597],{"class":60},[50,159690,601],{"class":600},[50,159692,605],{"class":604},[50,159694,1395],{"class":608},[50,159696,611],{"class":604},[50,159698,614],{"class":60},[50,159700,159701,159703,159705,159707,159709,159711],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,159702,597],{"class":60},[50,159704,601],{"class":600},[50,159706,605],{"class":604},[50,159708,2288],{"class":608},[50,159710,611],{"class":604},[50,159712,614],{"class":60},[20,159714,920,159715,159718,159719,4472,159722,425],{},[15,159716,159717],{},"type(value)"," to see the type of a value or variable. Output will look like ",[15,159720,159721],{},"\u003Cclass 'str'>",[15,159723,159724],{},"\u003Cclass 'int'>",[36,159726,13069,159728,159730],{"id":159727},"what-the-type-function-does",[15,159729,2400],{}," function does",[20,159732,159733,159735],{},[15,159734,2400],{}," returns the type of an object.",[20,159737,159738],{},"A type tells you what kind of value something is. For example:",[158,159740,159741,159746,159751,159756,159761,159766],{},[161,159742,159743,159745],{},[15,159744,1395],{}," for text",[161,159747,159748,159750],{},[15,159749,2288],{}," for whole numbers",[161,159752,159753,159755],{},[15,159754,2291],{}," for decimal numbers",[161,159757,159758,159760],{},[15,159759,437],{}," for lists",[161,159762,159763,159765],{},[15,159764,8901],{}," for dictionaries",[161,159767,159768,69156,159770,4472,159772],{},[15,159769,3948],{},[15,159771,247],{},[15,159773,218],{},[20,159775,159776,159777,159779],{},"This is especially useful while debugging. If your code is behaving strangely, ",[15,159778,2400],{}," can help you confirm what kind of value you are actually working with.",[36,159781,181],{"id":180},[20,159783,159784],{},"The main beginner form is:",[41,159786,159787],{"className":43,"code":159601,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,159788,159789],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,159790,159791,159793,159795,159797],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,159792,558],{"class":557},[50,159794,98],{"class":64},[50,159796,42467],{"class":557},[50,159798,105],{"class":64},[20,159800,159801],{},"It returns the class of the object.",[20,159803,1602],{},[41,159805,159807],{"className":43,"code":159806,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(type(\"hello\"))\n",[15,159808,159809],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,159810,159811,159813,159815,159817,159819,159821,159823,159825],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,159812,118],{"class":94},[50,159814,98],{"class":64},[50,159816,558],{"class":557},[50,159818,98],{"class":64},[50,159820,811],{"class":604},[50,159822,3926],{"class":608},[50,159824,811],{"class":604},[50,159826,478],{"class":64},[20,159828,353],{},[41,159830,159831],{"className":43,"code":45840,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,159832,159833],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,159834,159835,159837,159839,159841,159843,159845],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,159836,597],{"class":60},[50,159838,601],{"class":600},[50,159840,605],{"class":604},[50,159842,1395],{"class":608},[50,159844,611],{"class":604},[50,159846,614],{"class":60},[20,159848,159849],{},"You can pass either:",[158,159851,159852,159859],{},[161,159853,159854,159855,2976,159857],{},"a literal value such as ",[15,159856,64595],{},[15,159858,46596],{},[161,159860,159861,159862,2976,159864],{},"a variable such as ",[15,159863,814],{},[15,159865,833],{},[36,159867,121802],{"id":121801},[20,159869,159870],{},"Here are a few common examples.",[41,159872,159874],{"className":43,"code":159873,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(type(\"hello\"))\nprint(type(10))\nprint(type(3.14))\nprint(type([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(type({\"name\": \"Alice\"}))\nprint(type(True))\n",[15,159875,159876,159894,159908,159922,159944,159970],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,159877,159878,159880,159882,159884,159886,159888,159890,159892],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,159879,118],{"class":94},[50,159881,98],{"class":64},[50,159883,558],{"class":557},[50,159885,98],{"class":64},[50,159887,811],{"class":604},[50,159889,3926],{"class":608},[50,159891,811],{"class":604},[50,159893,478],{"class":64},[50,159895,159896,159898,159900,159902,159904,159906],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,159897,118],{"class":94},[50,159899,98],{"class":64},[50,159901,558],{"class":557},[50,159903,98],{"class":64},[50,159905,1618],{"class":68},[50,159907,478],{"class":64},[50,159909,159910,159912,159914,159916,159918,159920],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,159911,118],{"class":94},[50,159913,98],{"class":64},[50,159915,558],{"class":557},[50,159917,98],{"class":64},[50,159919,40212],{"class":68},[50,159921,478],{"class":64},[50,159923,159924,159926,159928,159930,159932,159934,159936,159938,159940,159942],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,159925,118],{"class":94},[50,159927,98],{"class":64},[50,159929,558],{"class":557},[50,159931,1792],{"class":64},[50,159933,366],{"class":68},[50,159935,72],{"class":64},[50,159937,80],{"class":68},[50,159939,72],{"class":64},[50,159941,500],{"class":68},[50,159943,1805],{"class":64},[50,159945,159946,159948,159950,159952,159954,159956,159958,159960,159962,159964,159966,159968],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,159947,118],{"class":94},[50,159949,98],{"class":64},[50,159951,558],{"class":557},[50,159953,5607],{"class":64},[50,159955,811],{"class":604},[50,159957,814],{"class":608},[50,159959,811],{"class":604},[50,159961,819],{"class":64},[50,159963,700],{"class":604},[50,159965,5083],{"class":608},[50,159967,811],{"class":604},[50,159969,5616],{"class":64},[50,159971,159972,159974,159976,159978,159980,159982],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,159973,118],{"class":94},[50,159975,98],{"class":64},[50,159977,558],{"class":557},[50,159979,98],{"class":64},[50,159981,247],{"class":207},[50,159983,478],{"class":64},[20,159985,353],{},[41,159987,159989],{"className":43,"code":159988,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'bool'>\n",[15,159990,159991,160005,160019,160033,160047,160061],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,159992,159993,159995,159997,159999,160001,160003],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,159994,597],{"class":60},[50,159996,601],{"class":600},[50,159998,605],{"class":604},[50,160000,1395],{"class":608},[50,160002,611],{"class":604},[50,160004,614],{"class":60},[50,160006,160007,160009,160011,160013,160015,160017],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,160008,597],{"class":60},[50,160010,601],{"class":600},[50,160012,605],{"class":604},[50,160014,2288],{"class":608},[50,160016,611],{"class":604},[50,160018,614],{"class":60},[50,160020,160021,160023,160025,160027,160029,160031],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,160022,597],{"class":60},[50,160024,601],{"class":600},[50,160026,605],{"class":604},[50,160028,2291],{"class":608},[50,160030,611],{"class":604},[50,160032,614],{"class":60},[50,160034,160035,160037,160039,160041,160043,160045],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,160036,597],{"class":60},[50,160038,601],{"class":600},[50,160040,605],{"class":604},[50,160042,437],{"class":608},[50,160044,611],{"class":604},[50,160046,614],{"class":60},[50,160048,160049,160051,160053,160055,160057,160059],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,160050,597],{"class":60},[50,160052,601],{"class":600},[50,160054,605],{"class":604},[50,160056,8901],{"class":608},[50,160058,611],{"class":604},[50,160060,614],{"class":60},[50,160062,160063,160065,160067,160069,160071,160073],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,160064,597],{"class":60},[50,160066,601],{"class":600},[50,160068,605],{"class":604},[50,160070,3948],{"class":608},[50,160072,611],{"class":604},[50,160074,614],{"class":60},[20,160076,160077],{},"These results show the exact type of each value.",[20,160079,160080,160081,425],{},"If you are still learning Python data types, see ",[421,160082,44867],{"href":49047},[36,160084,914,160086,160088],{"id":160085},"using-type-with-variables",[15,160087,2400],{}," with variables",[20,160090,160091],{},"In Python, variables do not have one fixed type forever.",[20,160093,160094],{},"A variable can point to different kinds of values at different times.",[41,160096,160098],{"className":43,"code":160097,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = 10\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = \"ten\"\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = [10]\nprint(value, type(value))\n",[15,160099,160100,160108,160126,160130,160142,160160,160164,160176],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,160101,160102,160104,160106],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,160103,2544],{"class":56},[50,160105,61],{"class":60},[50,160107,2685],{"class":68},[50,160109,160110,160112,160114,160116,160118,160120,160122,160124],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,160111,118],{"class":94},[50,160113,98],{"class":64},[50,160115,2570],{"class":101},[50,160117,72],{"class":64},[50,160119,49459],{"class":557},[50,160121,98],{"class":64},[50,160123,2570],{"class":101},[50,160125,478],{"class":64},[50,160127,160128],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,160129,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,160131,160132,160134,160136,160138,160140],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,160133,2544],{"class":56},[50,160135,61],{"class":60},[50,160137,700],{"class":604},[50,160139,45977],{"class":608},[50,160141,705],{"class":604},[50,160143,160144,160146,160148,160150,160152,160154,160156,160158],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,160145,118],{"class":94},[50,160147,98],{"class":64},[50,160149,2570],{"class":101},[50,160151,72],{"class":64},[50,160153,49459],{"class":557},[50,160155,98],{"class":64},[50,160157,2570],{"class":101},[50,160159,478],{"class":64},[50,160161,160162],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,160163,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,160165,160166,160168,160170,160172,160174],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,160167,2544],{"class":56},[50,160169,61],{"class":60},[50,160171,65],{"class":64},[50,160173,1618],{"class":68},[50,160175,83],{"class":64},[50,160177,160178,160180,160182,160184,160186,160188,160190,160192],{"class":52,"line":6503},[50,160179,118],{"class":94},[50,160181,98],{"class":64},[50,160183,2570],{"class":101},[50,160185,72],{"class":64},[50,160187,49459],{"class":557},[50,160189,98],{"class":64},[50,160191,2570],{"class":101},[50,160193,478],{"class":64},[20,160195,353],{},[41,160197,160199],{"className":43,"code":160198,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"10 \u003Cclass 'int'>\nten \u003Cclass 'str'>\n[10] \u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,160200,160201,160218,160235],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,160202,160203,160205,160208,160210,160212,160214,160216],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,160204,1618],{"class":68},[50,160206,160207],{"class":60}," \u003C",[50,160209,601],{"class":600},[50,160211,605],{"class":604},[50,160213,2288],{"class":608},[50,160215,611],{"class":604},[50,160217,614],{"class":60},[50,160219,160220,160223,160225,160227,160229,160231,160233],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,160221,160222],{"class":56},"ten ",[50,160224,597],{"class":60},[50,160226,601],{"class":600},[50,160228,605],{"class":604},[50,160230,1395],{"class":608},[50,160232,611],{"class":604},[50,160234,614],{"class":60},[50,160236,160237,160239,160241,160243,160245,160247,160249,160251,160253],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,160238,363],{"class":64},[50,160240,1618],{"class":68},[50,160242,13346],{"class":64},[50,160244,160207],{"class":60},[50,160246,601],{"class":600},[50,160248,605],{"class":604},[50,160250,437],{"class":608},[50,160252,611],{"class":604},[50,160254,614],{"class":60},[20,160256,160257,160259],{},[15,160258,2400],{}," shows the current type of the value stored in the variable.",[20,160261,160262],{},"This is helpful when values come from user input or conversions.",[41,160264,160266],{"className":43,"code":160265,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"user_input = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(user_input))\n\nconverted = int(user_input)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,160267,160268,160286,160300,160304,160318],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,160269,160270,160272,160274,160276,160278,160280,160282,160284],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,160271,3482],{"class":56},[50,160273,61],{"class":60},[50,160275,8321],{"class":94},[50,160277,98],{"class":64},[50,160279,811],{"class":604},[50,160281,41941],{"class":608},[50,160283,811],{"class":604},[50,160285,105],{"class":64},[50,160287,160288,160290,160292,160294,160296,160298],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,160289,118],{"class":94},[50,160291,98],{"class":64},[50,160293,558],{"class":557},[50,160295,98],{"class":64},[50,160297,3508],{"class":101},[50,160299,478],{"class":64},[50,160301,160302],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,160303,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,160305,160306,160308,160310,160312,160314,160316],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,160307,122914],{"class":56},[50,160309,61],{"class":60},[50,160311,45346],{"class":557},[50,160313,98],{"class":64},[50,160315,3508],{"class":101},[50,160317,105],{"class":64},[50,160319,160320,160322,160324,160326,160328,160330],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,160321,118],{"class":94},[50,160323,98],{"class":64},[50,160325,558],{"class":557},[50,160327,98],{"class":64},[50,160329,122937],{"class":101},[50,160331,478],{"class":64},[20,160333,41190,160334,41194],{},[15,160335,9273],{},[41,160337,160338],{"className":43,"code":124990,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,160339,160340,160354],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,160341,160342,160344,160346,160348,160350,160352],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,160343,597],{"class":60},[50,160345,601],{"class":600},[50,160347,605],{"class":604},[50,160349,1395],{"class":608},[50,160351,611],{"class":604},[50,160353,614],{"class":60},[50,160355,160356,160358,160360,160362,160364,160366],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,160357,597],{"class":60},[50,160359,601],{"class":600},[50,160361,605],{"class":604},[50,160363,2288],{"class":608},[50,160365,611],{"class":604},[50,160367,614],{"class":60},[20,160369,45773,160370,160374,160375,2976,160379,160383],{},[421,160371,160372],{"href":8298},[15,160373,3055],{}," always returns a string. You must convert it with a function like ",[421,160376,160377],{"href":2972},[15,160378,2975],{},[421,160380,160381],{"href":2979},[15,160382,2982],{}," if you need a number.",[20,160385,160386,160387,425],{},"For a step-by-step guide, see ",[421,160388,9061],{"href":9060},[36,160390,160392,1467,160394],{"id":160391},"type-vs-isinstance",[15,160393,2400],{},[15,160395,44875],{},[20,160397,160398,4472,160400,160402],{},[15,160399,2400],{},[15,160401,44875],{}," are related, but they do different jobs.",[158,160404,160405,160410],{},[161,160406,160407,160409],{},[15,160408,2400],{}," tells you the exact type",[161,160411,160412,160414],{},[15,160413,44875],{}," checks whether a value matches a type",[20,160416,1602],{},[41,160418,160420],{"className":43,"code":160419,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,160421,160422,160430,160434,160448],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,160423,160424,160426,160428],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,160425,2544],{"class":56},[50,160427,61],{"class":60},[50,160429,34912],{"class":68},[50,160431,160432],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,160433,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,160435,160436,160438,160440,160442,160444,160446],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,160437,118],{"class":94},[50,160439,98],{"class":64},[50,160441,558],{"class":557},[50,160443,98],{"class":64},[50,160445,2570],{"class":101},[50,160447,478],{"class":64},[50,160449,160450,160452,160454,160456,160458,160460,160462,160464],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,160451,118],{"class":94},[50,160453,98],{"class":64},[50,160455,48945],{"class":94},[50,160457,98],{"class":64},[50,160459,2570],{"class":101},[50,160461,72],{"class":64},[50,160463,45346],{"class":557},[50,160465,478],{"class":64},[20,160467,353],{},[41,160469,160471],{"className":43,"code":160470,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\nTrue\n",[15,160472,160473,160487],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,160474,160475,160477,160479,160481,160483,160485],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,160476,597],{"class":60},[50,160478,601],{"class":600},[50,160480,605],{"class":604},[50,160482,2288],{"class":608},[50,160484,611],{"class":604},[50,160486,614],{"class":60},[50,160488,160489],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,160490,4061],{"class":207},[20,160492,160493,160494,160496],{},"For many beginner condition checks, ",[15,160495,44875],{}," is more practical.",[41,160498,160500],{"className":43,"code":160499,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = 5\n\nif isinstance(value, int):\n    print(\"This is an integer\")\n",[15,160501,160502,160510,160514,160530],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,160503,160504,160506,160508],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,160505,2544],{"class":56},[50,160507,61],{"class":60},[50,160509,34912],{"class":68},[50,160511,160512],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,160513,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,160515,160516,160518,160520,160522,160524,160526,160528],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,160517,7076],{"class":3957},[50,160519,49682],{"class":94},[50,160521,98],{"class":64},[50,160523,2570],{"class":101},[50,160525,72],{"class":64},[50,160527,45346],{"class":557},[50,160529,8421],{"class":64},[50,160531,160532,160534,160536,160538,160541,160543],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,160533,8148],{"class":94},[50,160535,98],{"class":64},[50,160537,811],{"class":604},[50,160539,160540],{"class":608},"This is an integer",[50,160542,811],{"class":604},[50,160544,105],{"class":64},[20,160546,920,160547,160549],{},[15,160548,2400],{}," when you want to inspect or print the exact type.",[20,160551,920,160552,160554,160555,7251],{},[15,160553,44875],{}," when you want to check a type inside logic such as ",[15,160556,7076],{},[20,160558,160559,160560,425],{},"See the dedicated guide for more detail: ",[421,160561,13,160563,1461],{"href":160562},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained\u002F",[15,160564,44875],{},[36,160566,160568,160569],{"id":160567},"the-three-argument-form-of-type","The three-argument form of ",[15,160570,2400],{},[20,160572,160573],{},"Python also supports this advanced form:",[41,160575,160577],{"className":43,"code":160576,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"type(name, bases, dict)\n",[15,160578,160579],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,160580,160581,160583,160585,160587,160589,160592,160594,160596],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,160582,558],{"class":557},[50,160584,98],{"class":64},[50,160586,814],{"class":101},[50,160588,72],{"class":64},[50,160590,160591],{"class":101}," bases",[50,160593,72],{"class":64},[50,160595,9251],{"class":557},[50,160597,105],{"class":64},[20,160599,160600],{},"This creates a new class dynamically.",[20,160602,1602],{},[41,160604,160606],{"className":43,"code":160605,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Person = type(\"Person\", (), {\"species\": \"human\"})\n\nprint(Person)\nprint(Person.species)\n",[15,160607,160608,160651,160655,160665],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,160609,160610,160613,160615,160617,160619,160621,160624,160626,160628,160631,160633,160635,160638,160640,160642,160644,160647,160649],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,160611,160612],{"class":56},"Person ",[50,160614,61],{"class":60},[50,160616,49459],{"class":557},[50,160618,98],{"class":64},[50,160620,811],{"class":604},[50,160622,160623],{"class":608},"Person",[50,160625,811],{"class":604},[50,160627,72],{"class":64},[50,160629,160630],{"class":64}," (),",[50,160632,632],{"class":64},[50,160634,811],{"class":604},[50,160636,160637],{"class":608},"species",[50,160639,811],{"class":604},[50,160641,819],{"class":64},[50,160643,700],{"class":604},[50,160645,160646],{"class":608},"human",[50,160648,811],{"class":604},[50,160650,30565],{"class":64},[50,160652,160653],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,160654,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,160656,160657,160659,160661,160663],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,160658,118],{"class":94},[50,160660,98],{"class":64},[50,160662,160623],{"class":101},[50,160664,105],{"class":64},[50,160666,160667,160669,160671,160673,160675,160677],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,160668,118],{"class":94},[50,160670,98],{"class":64},[50,160672,160623],{"class":101},[50,160674,425],{"class":64},[50,160676,160637],{"class":1400},[50,160678,105],{"class":64},[20,160680,353],{},[41,160682,160684],{"className":43,"code":160683,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"\u003Cclass '__main__.Person'>\nhuman\n",[15,160685,160686,160701],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,160687,160688,160690,160692,160694,160697,160699],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,160689,597],{"class":60},[50,160691,601],{"class":600},[50,160693,605],{"class":604},[50,160695,160696],{"class":608},"__main__.Person",[50,160698,611],{"class":604},[50,160700,614],{"class":60},[50,160702,160703],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,160704,160705],{"class":56},"human\n",[20,160707,160708,160709,160711],{},"Most beginners do ",[3824,160710,4709],{}," need this form.",[20,160713,160714],{},"It is mainly used in advanced Python code involving classes and metaprogramming. For everyday learning and debugging, the one-argument form is the important one.",[36,160716,5040,160718],{"id":160717},"when-to-use-type",[15,160719,2400],{},[20,160721,160722,12519],{},[15,160723,2400],{},[158,160725,160726,160729,160732,160735],{},[161,160727,160728],{},"debug unexpected values",[161,160730,160731],{},"check what a conversion produced",[161,160733,160734],{},"learn Python data types",[161,160736,160737],{},"inspect objects while reading examples",[20,160739,5551],{},[41,160741,160743],{"className":43,"code":160742,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,160744,160745,160757,160771,160775,160789],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,160746,160747,160749,160751,160753,160755],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,160748,695],{"class":56},[50,160750,61],{"class":60},[50,160752,700],{"class":604},[50,160754,50315],{"class":608},[50,160756,705],{"class":604},[50,160758,160759,160761,160763,160765,160767,160769],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,160760,2316],{"class":56},[50,160762,61],{"class":60},[50,160764,45346],{"class":557},[50,160766,98],{"class":64},[50,160768,718],{"class":101},[50,160770,105],{"class":64},[50,160772,160773],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,160774,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,160776,160777,160779,160781,160783,160785,160787],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,160778,118],{"class":94},[50,160780,98],{"class":64},[50,160782,558],{"class":557},[50,160784,98],{"class":64},[50,160786,718],{"class":101},[50,160788,478],{"class":64},[50,160790,160791,160793,160795,160797,160799,160801],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,160792,118],{"class":94},[50,160794,98],{"class":64},[50,160796,558],{"class":557},[50,160798,98],{"class":64},[50,160800,2338],{"class":101},[50,160802,478],{"class":64},[20,160804,353],{},[41,160806,160807],{"className":43,"code":124990,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,160808,160809,160823],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,160810,160811,160813,160815,160817,160819,160821],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,160812,597],{"class":60},[50,160814,601],{"class":600},[50,160816,605],{"class":604},[50,160818,1395],{"class":608},[50,160820,611],{"class":604},[50,160822,614],{"class":60},[50,160824,160825,160827,160829,160831,160833,160835],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,160826,597],{"class":60},[50,160828,601],{"class":600},[50,160830,605],{"class":604},[50,160832,2288],{"class":608},[50,160834,611],{"class":604},[50,160836,614],{"class":60},[20,160838,160839],{},"This helps you see the difference between text and numbers clearly.",[20,160841,160842,160843,31,160847,17144,160851,160855],{},"If you need to convert values after checking them, functions like ",[421,160844,160845],{"href":42245},[15,160846,47754],{},[421,160848,160849],{"href":2972},[15,160850,2975],{},[421,160852,160853],{"href":2979},[15,160854,2982],{}," are often the next step.",[36,160857,25426],{"id":25425},[20,160859,160860,160861,160863],{},"A few things about ",[15,160862,2400],{}," often confuse beginners.",[222,160865,160867,160870],{"id":160866},"type5-does-not-return-plain-text",[15,160868,160869],{},"type(5)"," does not return plain text",[20,160872,64704],{},[41,160874,160876],{"className":43,"code":160875,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(type(5))\n",[15,160877,160878],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,160879,160880,160882,160884,160886,160888,160890],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,160881,118],{"class":94},[50,160883,98],{"class":64},[50,160885,558],{"class":557},[50,160887,98],{"class":64},[50,160889,290],{"class":68},[50,160891,478],{"class":64},[20,160893,122833],{},[41,160895,160896],{"className":43,"code":156345,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,160897,160898],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,160899,160900,160902,160904,160906,160908,160910],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,160901,597],{"class":60},[50,160903,601],{"class":600},[50,160905,605],{"class":604},[50,160907,2288],{"class":608},[50,160909,611],{"class":604},[50,160911,614],{"class":60},[20,160913,40975,160914,160916,160917,425],{},[3824,160915,4709],{}," print just ",[15,160918,2288],{},[20,160920,6755,160921,160923],{},[15,160922,2400],{}," returns a class object.",[222,160925,160927,2494,160929],{"id":160926},"input-returns-str",[15,160928,3055],{},[15,160930,1395],{},[20,160932,79587],{},[41,160934,160936],{"className":43,"code":160935,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,160937,160938,160956],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,160939,160940,160942,160944,160946,160948,160950,160952,160954],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,160941,2544],{"class":56},[50,160943,61],{"class":60},[50,160945,8321],{"class":94},[50,160947,98],{"class":64},[50,160949,811],{"class":604},[50,160951,46380],{"class":608},[50,160953,811],{"class":604},[50,160955,105],{"class":64},[50,160957,160958,160960,160962,160964,160966,160968],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,160959,118],{"class":94},[50,160961,98],{"class":64},[50,160963,558],{"class":557},[50,160965,98],{"class":64},[50,160967,2570],{"class":101},[50,160969,478],{"class":64},[20,160971,160972],{},"No matter what the user types, the result is a string unless you convert it.",[20,160974,160975,160976,2976,160978,425],{},"If you need a number, use ",[15,160977,2975],{},[15,160979,2982],{},[222,160981,160983],{"id":160982},"comparing-type-names-as-strings-is-usually-not-the-best-idea","Comparing type names as strings is usually not the best idea",[20,160985,160986],{},"Avoid code like this:",[41,160988,160990],{"className":43,"code":160989,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = 5\n\nif str(type(value)) == \"\u003Cclass 'int'>\":\n    print(\"It is an int\")\n",[15,160991,160992,161000,161004,161030],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,160993,160994,160996,160998],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,160995,2544],{"class":56},[50,160997,61],{"class":60},[50,160999,34912],{"class":68},[50,161001,161002],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,161003,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,161005,161006,161008,161010,161012,161014,161016,161018,161020,161022,161024,161026,161028],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,161007,7076],{"class":3957},[50,161009,48974],{"class":557},[50,161011,98],{"class":64},[50,161013,558],{"class":557},[50,161015,98],{"class":64},[50,161017,2570],{"class":101},[50,161019,5440],{"class":64},[50,161021,6485],{"class":60},[50,161023,700],{"class":604},[50,161025,159724],{"class":608},[50,161027,811],{"class":604},[50,161029,6470],{"class":64},[50,161031,161032,161034,161036,161038,161041,161043],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,161033,8148],{"class":94},[50,161035,98],{"class":64},[50,161037,811],{"class":604},[50,161039,161040],{"class":608},"It is an int",[50,161042,811],{"class":604},[50,161044,105],{"class":64},[20,161046,161047],{},"This works, but it is not a good approach.",[20,161049,161050],{},"Better options:",[41,161052,161054],{"className":43,"code":161053,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value) == int)\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,161055,161056,161064,161068,161088],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,161057,161058,161060,161062],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,161059,2544],{"class":56},[50,161061,61],{"class":60},[50,161063,34912],{"class":68},[50,161065,161066],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,161067,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,161069,161070,161072,161074,161076,161078,161080,161082,161084,161086],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,161071,118],{"class":94},[50,161073,98],{"class":64},[50,161075,558],{"class":557},[50,161077,98],{"class":64},[50,161079,2570],{"class":101},[50,161081,126],{"class":64},[50,161083,6485],{"class":60},[50,161085,45346],{"class":557},[50,161087,105],{"class":64},[50,161089,161090,161092,161094,161096,161098,161100,161102,161104],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,161091,118],{"class":94},[50,161093,98],{"class":64},[50,161095,48945],{"class":94},[50,161097,98],{"class":64},[50,161099,2570],{"class":101},[50,161101,72],{"class":64},[50,161103,45346],{"class":557},[50,161105,478],{"class":64},[20,161107,353],{},[41,161109,161110],{"className":43,"code":4584,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,161111,161112,161116],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,161113,161114],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,161115,4061],{"class":207},[50,161117,161118],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,161119,4061],{"class":207},[20,161121,161122,161123,161125],{},"In most real code, ",[15,161124,44875],{}," is the more useful check.",[36,161127,1743],{"id":1742},[20,161129,14806,161130,819],{},[15,161131,2400],{},[158,161133,161134,161144,161153,161162],{},[161,161135,914,161136,161138,161139,161143],{},[15,161137,2400],{}," to check user input and forgetting that ",[421,161140,161141],{"href":8298},[15,161142,3055],{}," always returns a string",[161,161145,8532,161146,161148,161149,1940,161151],{},[15,161147,2400],{}," to return plain text like ",[15,161150,2288],{},[15,161152,159724],{},[161,161154,914,161155,44699,161158,161161],{},[15,161156,161157],{},"type(x) == SomeType",[15,161159,161160],{},"isinstance(x, SomeType)"," is more appropriate",[161,161163,161164],{},"Confusing the basic one-argument form with the advanced class-creation form",[20,161166,161167,161168,425],{},"If your problem is really about bad input or failed conversion, you may also want to read ",[421,161169,161171],{"href":161170},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained\u002F","TypeError vs ValueError in Python explained",[20,161173,144499],{},[41,161175,161177],{"className":43,"code":161176,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(repr(value))\nhelp(type)\ndir(value)\n",[15,161178,161179,161193,161203,161217,161227],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,161180,161181,161183,161185,161187,161189,161191],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,161182,118],{"class":94},[50,161184,98],{"class":64},[50,161186,558],{"class":557},[50,161188,98],{"class":64},[50,161190,2570],{"class":101},[50,161192,478],{"class":64},[50,161194,161195,161197,161199,161201],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,161196,118],{"class":94},[50,161198,98],{"class":64},[50,161200,2570],{"class":101},[50,161202,105],{"class":64},[50,161204,161205,161207,161209,161211,161213,161215],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,161206,118],{"class":94},[50,161208,98],{"class":64},[50,161210,41849],{"class":94},[50,161212,98],{"class":64},[50,161214,2570],{"class":101},[50,161216,478],{"class":64},[50,161218,161219,161221,161223,161225],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,161220,32222],{"class":94},[50,161222,98],{"class":64},[50,161224,558],{"class":557},[50,161226,105],{"class":64},[50,161228,161229,161231,161233,161235],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,161230,34443],{"class":94},[50,161232,98],{"class":64},[50,161234,2570],{"class":101},[50,161236,105],{"class":64},[20,161238,161239],{},"These can help you understand both the value and the object you are working with.",[36,161241,1913],{"id":1912},[222,161243,1927,161245,5224],{"id":161244},"what-does-type-return-in-python",[15,161246,2400],{},[20,161248,161249,161250,31,161252,31,161254,2292,161256,161258,161259,425],{},"It returns the type of an object, such as ",[15,161251,1395],{},[15,161253,2288],{},[15,161255,437],{},[15,161257,8901],{},", shown as a class object like ",[15,161260,159721],{},[222,161262,14975,161264,57272,161266,1943],{"id":161263},"is-type-the-same-as-isinstance",[15,161265,2400],{},[15,161267,44875],{},[20,161269,46435,161270,161272,161273,161275],{},[15,161271,2400],{}," shows the exact type. ",[15,161274,44875],{}," checks whether a value is an instance of a type.",[222,161277,1963,161279,161282,161283,1943],{"id":161278},"why-does-typeinputenter-show-str",[15,161280,161281],{},"type(input(\"Enter: \"))"," show ",[15,161284,1395],{},[20,161286,29131,161287,161289,161290,2976,161292,160383],{},[15,161288,3055],{}," always returns text. Convert it with ",[15,161291,2975],{},[15,161293,2982],{},[222,161295,5248,161297,161299],{"id":161296},"can-type-create-classes",[15,161298,2400],{}," create classes?",[20,161301,161302,161303,425],{},"Yes, in its three-argument form, but most beginners only need ",[15,161304,161305],{},"type(object)",[36,161307,1975],{"id":1974},[158,161309,161310,161314,161320,161326,161330,161336,161342],{},[161,161311,161312],{},[421,161313,44867],{"href":49047},[161,161315,161316],{},[421,161317,13,161318,1461],{"href":160562},[15,161319,44875],{},[161,161321,161322],{},[421,161323,13,161324,1461],{"href":8298},[15,161325,3055],{},[161,161327,161328],{},[421,161329,9138],{"href":9060},[161,161331,161332],{},[421,161333,13,161334,1461],{"href":2972},[15,161335,2975],{},[161,161337,161338],{},[421,161339,13,161340,1461],{"href":2979},[15,161341,2982],{},[161,161343,161344],{},[421,161345,13,161346,1461],{"href":42245},[15,161347,47754],{},[2018,161349,161350],{},"html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":161352},[161353,161354,161356,161357,161358,161360,161362,161364,161366,161373,161374,161384],{"id":38,"depth":86,"text":39},{"id":159727,"depth":86,"text":161355},"What the type() function does",{"id":180,"depth":86,"text":181},{"id":121801,"depth":86,"text":121802},{"id":160085,"depth":86,"text":161359},"Using type() with variables",{"id":160391,"depth":86,"text":161361},"type() vs isinstance()",{"id":160567,"depth":86,"text":161363},"The three-argument form of type()",{"id":160717,"depth":86,"text":161365},"When to use type()",{"id":25425,"depth":86,"text":25426,"children":161367},[161368,161370,161372],{"id":160866,"depth":108,"text":161369},"type(5) does not return plain text",{"id":160926,"depth":108,"text":161371},"input() returns str",{"id":160982,"depth":108,"text":160983},{"id":1742,"depth":86,"text":1743},{"id":1912,"depth":86,"text":1913,"children":161375},[161376,161378,161380,161382],{"id":161244,"depth":108,"text":161377},"What does type() return in Python?",{"id":161263,"depth":108,"text":161379},"Is type() the same as isinstance()?",{"id":161278,"depth":108,"text":161381},"Why does type(input(\"Enter: \")) show str?",{"id":161296,"depth":108,"text":161383},"Can type() create classes?",{"id":1974,"depth":86,"text":1975},"Master python type function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":159561,"description":161385},"reference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained","lFC3dTd8qBenijQclazGCNFBbd8GpCTjh_Z1roTe7DM",{"id":161391,"title":161392,"body":161393,"description":163872,"extension":2064,"meta":163873,"navigation":111,"path":163874,"seo":163875,"stem":163876,"__hash__":163877},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained.md","Python zip() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":161394,"toc":163829},[161395,161400,161405,161414,161416,161516,161518,161543,161548,161553,161569,161572,161574,161576,161601,161604,161607,161690,161692,161741,161744,161866,161868,161941,161945,161948,162062,162064,162090,162092,162113,162118,162122,162127,162130,162234,162236,162253,162262,162265,162352,162354,162365,162370,162376,162381,162387,162390,162483,162485,162534,162540,162543,162644,162646,162699,162704,162708,162711,162810,162812,162851,162854,162859,162861,162866,162870,162983,162987,163084,163088,163176,163178,163195,163199,163322,163328,163334,163340,163345,163348,163375,163379,163381,163475,163478,163482,163485,163572,163575,163610,163612,163649,163652,163660,163665,163670,163744,163751,163753,163758,163761,163767,163770,163776,163781,163787,163792,163796,163799,163801,163826],[10,161396,13,161398,18],{"id":161397},"python-zip-function-explained",[15,161399,64380],{},[20,161401,161402,161404],{},[15,161403,64380],{}," is a built-in Python function that combines items from two or more iterables by position.",[20,161406,161407,161408,161410,161411,161413],{},"It is useful when you want to work with related values at the same time, such as names and scores, or keys and values. Beginners often use ",[15,161409,64380],{}," inside a ",[15,161412,6035],{}," loop or convert its result into a list or dictionary.",[36,161415,2105],{"id":2104},[41,161417,161419],{"className":43,"code":161418,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,161420,161421,161453,161473,161477,161502],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,161422,161423,161425,161427,161429,161431,161433,161435,161437,161439,161441,161443,161445,161447,161449,161451],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,161424,5074],{"class":56},[50,161426,61],{"class":60},[50,161428,65],{"class":64},[50,161430,811],{"class":604},[50,161432,824],{"class":608},[50,161434,811],{"class":604},[50,161436,72],{"class":64},[50,161438,700],{"class":604},[50,161440,36010],{"class":608},[50,161442,811],{"class":604},[50,161444,72],{"class":64},[50,161446,700],{"class":604},[50,161448,36019],{"class":608},[50,161450,811],{"class":604},[50,161452,83],{"class":64},[50,161454,161455,161457,161459,161461,161463,161465,161467,161469,161471],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,161456,5143],{"class":56},[50,161458,61],{"class":60},[50,161460,65],{"class":64},[50,161462,13575],{"class":68},[50,161464,72],{"class":64},[50,161466,13580],{"class":68},[50,161468,72],{"class":64},[50,161470,28990],{"class":68},[50,161472,83],{"class":64},[50,161474,161475],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,161476,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,161478,161479,161481,161483,161485,161487,161489,161492,161494,161496,161498,161500],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,161480,6035],{"class":3957},[50,161482,36061],{"class":56},[50,161484,72],{"class":64},[50,161486,5185],{"class":56},[50,161488,3964],{"class":3957},[50,161490,161491],{"class":94}," zip",[50,161493,98],{"class":64},[50,161495,5118],{"class":101},[50,161497,72],{"class":64},[50,161499,5190],{"class":101},[50,161501,8421],{"class":64},[50,161503,161504,161506,161508,161510,161512,161514],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,161505,8148],{"class":94},[50,161507,98],{"class":64},[50,161509,814],{"class":101},[50,161511,72],{"class":64},[50,161513,130779],{"class":101},[50,161515,105],{"class":64},[20,161517,353],{},[41,161519,161521],{"className":43,"code":161520,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Ana 90\nBen 85\nCara 88\n",[15,161522,161523,161529,161536],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,161524,161525,161527],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,161526,133798],{"class":56},[50,161528,33206],{"class":68},[50,161530,161531,161534],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,161532,161533],{"class":56},"Ben ",[50,161535,33211],{"class":68},[50,161537,161538,161541],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,161539,161540],{"class":56},"Cara ",[50,161542,33216],{"class":68},[20,161544,920,161545,161547],{},[15,161546,64380],{}," when you want to loop through two or more iterables at the same time. It pairs items by position.",[36,161549,153,161551,156],{"id":161550},"what-zip-does",[15,161552,64380],{},[158,161554,161555,161560,161563,161566],{},[161,161556,161557,161559],{},[15,161558,64380],{}," combines items from two or more iterables",[161,161561,161562],{},"It groups items by matching positions",[161,161564,161565],{},"The result is a zip object, which is an iterator",[161,161567,161568],{},"A zip object can be looped over or converted to a list",[20,161570,161571],{},"For example, if you combine two lists, the first item from each list becomes one pair, the second item from each list becomes another pair, and so on.",[36,161573,181],{"id":180},[20,161575,7297],{},[41,161577,161579],{"className":43,"code":161578,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"zip(iterable1, iterable2, ...)\n",[15,161580,161581],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,161582,161583,161585,161587,161590,161592,161595,161597,161599],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,161584,64450],{"class":94},[50,161586,98],{"class":64},[50,161588,161589],{"class":101},"iterable1",[50,161591,72],{"class":64},[50,161593,161594],{"class":101}," iterable2",[50,161596,72],{"class":64},[50,161598,34525],{"class":94},[50,161600,105],{"class":64},[20,161602,161603],{},"Each step creates one tuple of matched items.",[20,161605,161606],{},"If you pass two iterables, each result item has two values:",[41,161608,161610],{"className":43,"code":161609,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nletters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(numbers, letters)))\n",[15,161611,161612,161632,161664,161668],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,161613,161614,161616,161618,161620,161622,161624,161626,161628,161630],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,161615,57],{"class":56},[50,161617,61],{"class":60},[50,161619,65],{"class":64},[50,161621,366],{"class":68},[50,161623,72],{"class":64},[50,161625,80],{"class":68},[50,161627,72],{"class":64},[50,161629,500],{"class":68},[50,161631,83],{"class":64},[50,161633,161634,161636,161638,161640,161642,161644,161646,161648,161650,161652,161654,161656,161658,161660,161662],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,161635,36160],{"class":56},[50,161637,61],{"class":60},[50,161639,65],{"class":64},[50,161641,811],{"class":604},[50,161643,421],{"class":608},[50,161645,811],{"class":604},[50,161647,72],{"class":64},[50,161649,700],{"class":604},[50,161651,4839],{"class":608},[50,161653,811],{"class":604},[50,161655,72],{"class":64},[50,161657,700],{"class":604},[50,161659,9817],{"class":608},[50,161661,811],{"class":604},[50,161663,83],{"class":64},[50,161665,161666],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,161667,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,161669,161670,161672,161674,161676,161678,161680,161682,161684,161686,161688],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,161671,118],{"class":94},[50,161673,98],{"class":64},[50,161675,437],{"class":557},[50,161677,98],{"class":64},[50,161679,64450],{"class":94},[50,161681,98],{"class":64},[50,161683,102],{"class":101},[50,161685,72],{"class":64},[50,161687,70157],{"class":101},[50,161689,569],{"class":64},[20,161691,353],{},[41,161693,161695],{"className":43,"code":161694,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[(1, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (3, 'c')]\n",[15,161696,161697],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,161698,161699,161701,161703,161705,161707,161709,161711,161713,161715,161717,161719,161721,161723,161725,161727,161729,161731,161733,161735,161737,161739],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,161700,21809],{"class":64},[50,161702,366],{"class":68},[50,161704,72],{"class":64},[50,161706,605],{"class":604},[50,161708,421],{"class":608},[50,161710,611],{"class":604},[50,161712,9313],{"class":64},[50,161714,521],{"class":64},[50,161716,1564],{"class":68},[50,161718,72],{"class":64},[50,161720,605],{"class":604},[50,161722,4839],{"class":608},[50,161724,611],{"class":604},[50,161726,9313],{"class":64},[50,161728,521],{"class":64},[50,161730,69],{"class":68},[50,161732,72],{"class":64},[50,161734,605],{"class":604},[50,161736,9817],{"class":608},[50,161738,611],{"class":604},[50,161740,9328],{"class":64},[20,161742,161743],{},"If you pass three iterables, each result item has three values:",[41,161745,161747],{"className":43,"code":161746,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\ngrades = [\"A\", \"B\", \"B+\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(names, scores, grades)))\n",[15,161748,161749,161781,161801,161835,161839],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,161750,161751,161753,161755,161757,161759,161761,161763,161765,161767,161769,161771,161773,161775,161777,161779],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,161752,5074],{"class":56},[50,161754,61],{"class":60},[50,161756,65],{"class":64},[50,161758,811],{"class":604},[50,161760,824],{"class":608},[50,161762,811],{"class":604},[50,161764,72],{"class":64},[50,161766,700],{"class":604},[50,161768,36010],{"class":608},[50,161770,811],{"class":604},[50,161772,72],{"class":64},[50,161774,700],{"class":604},[50,161776,36019],{"class":608},[50,161778,811],{"class":604},[50,161780,83],{"class":64},[50,161782,161783,161785,161787,161789,161791,161793,161795,161797,161799],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,161784,5143],{"class":56},[50,161786,61],{"class":60},[50,161788,65],{"class":64},[50,161790,13575],{"class":68},[50,161792,72],{"class":64},[50,161794,13580],{"class":68},[50,161796,72],{"class":64},[50,161798,28990],{"class":68},[50,161800,83],{"class":64},[50,161802,161803,161806,161808,161810,161812,161814,161816,161818,161820,161822,161824,161826,161828,161831,161833],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,161804,161805],{"class":56},"grades ",[50,161807,61],{"class":60},[50,161809,65],{"class":64},[50,161811,811],{"class":604},[50,161813,22314],{"class":608},[50,161815,811],{"class":604},[50,161817,72],{"class":64},[50,161819,700],{"class":604},[50,161821,30669],{"class":608},[50,161823,811],{"class":604},[50,161825,72],{"class":64},[50,161827,700],{"class":604},[50,161829,161830],{"class":608},"B+",[50,161832,811],{"class":604},[50,161834,83],{"class":64},[50,161836,161837],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,161838,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,161840,161841,161843,161845,161847,161849,161851,161853,161855,161857,161859,161861,161864],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,161842,118],{"class":94},[50,161844,98],{"class":64},[50,161846,437],{"class":557},[50,161848,98],{"class":64},[50,161850,64450],{"class":94},[50,161852,98],{"class":64},[50,161854,5118],{"class":101},[50,161856,72],{"class":64},[50,161858,5190],{"class":101},[50,161860,72],{"class":64},[50,161862,161863],{"class":101}," grades",[50,161865,569],{"class":64},[20,161867,353],{},[41,161869,161871],{"className":43,"code":161870,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[('Ana', 90, 'A'), ('Ben', 85, 'B'), ('Cara', 88, 'B+')]\n",[15,161872,161873],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,161874,161875,161877,161879,161881,161883,161885,161887,161889,161891,161893,161895,161897,161899,161901,161903,161905,161907,161909,161911,161913,161915,161917,161919,161921,161923,161925,161927,161929,161931,161933,161935,161937,161939],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,161876,21809],{"class":64},[50,161878,611],{"class":604},[50,161880,824],{"class":608},[50,161882,611],{"class":604},[50,161884,72],{"class":64},[50,161886,19968],{"class":68},[50,161888,72],{"class":64},[50,161890,605],{"class":604},[50,161892,22314],{"class":608},[50,161894,611],{"class":604},[50,161896,9313],{"class":64},[50,161898,521],{"class":64},[50,161900,611],{"class":604},[50,161902,36010],{"class":608},[50,161904,611],{"class":604},[50,161906,72],{"class":64},[50,161908,13580],{"class":68},[50,161910,72],{"class":64},[50,161912,605],{"class":604},[50,161914,30669],{"class":608},[50,161916,611],{"class":604},[50,161918,9313],{"class":64},[50,161920,521],{"class":64},[50,161922,611],{"class":604},[50,161924,36019],{"class":608},[50,161926,611],{"class":604},[50,161928,72],{"class":64},[50,161930,28990],{"class":68},[50,161932,72],{"class":64},[50,161934,605],{"class":604},[50,161936,161830],{"class":608},[50,161938,611],{"class":604},[50,161940,9328],{"class":64},[36,161942,161944],{"id":161943},"simple-example-with-two-lists","Simple example with two lists",[20,161946,161947],{},"A common beginner use is looping through two related lists at the same time.",[41,161949,161951],{"className":43,"code":161950,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name} scored {score}\")\n",[15,161952,161953,161985,162005,162009,162033],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,161954,161955,161957,161959,161961,161963,161965,161967,161969,161971,161973,161975,161977,161979,161981,161983],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,161956,5074],{"class":56},[50,161958,61],{"class":60},[50,161960,65],{"class":64},[50,161962,811],{"class":604},[50,161964,824],{"class":608},[50,161966,811],{"class":604},[50,161968,72],{"class":64},[50,161970,700],{"class":604},[50,161972,36010],{"class":608},[50,161974,811],{"class":604},[50,161976,72],{"class":64},[50,161978,700],{"class":604},[50,161980,36019],{"class":608},[50,161982,811],{"class":604},[50,161984,83],{"class":64},[50,161986,161987,161989,161991,161993,161995,161997,161999,162001,162003],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,161988,5143],{"class":56},[50,161990,61],{"class":60},[50,161992,65],{"class":64},[50,161994,13575],{"class":68},[50,161996,72],{"class":64},[50,161998,13580],{"class":68},[50,162000,72],{"class":64},[50,162002,28990],{"class":68},[50,162004,83],{"class":64},[50,162006,162007],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,162008,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,162010,162011,162013,162015,162017,162019,162021,162023,162025,162027,162029,162031],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,162012,6035],{"class":3957},[50,162014,36061],{"class":56},[50,162016,72],{"class":64},[50,162018,5185],{"class":56},[50,162020,3964],{"class":3957},[50,162022,161491],{"class":94},[50,162024,98],{"class":64},[50,162026,5118],{"class":101},[50,162028,72],{"class":64},[50,162030,5190],{"class":101},[50,162032,8421],{"class":64},[50,162034,162035,162037,162039,162041,162043,162045,162047,162049,162052,162054,162056,162058,162060],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,162036,8148],{"class":94},[50,162038,98],{"class":64},[50,162040,22363],{"class":600},[50,162042,811],{"class":608},[50,162044,9357],{"class":68},[50,162046,814],{"class":101},[50,162048,22372],{"class":68},[50,162050,162051],{"class":608}," scored ",[50,162053,9357],{"class":68},[50,162055,85563],{"class":101},[50,162057,22372],{"class":68},[50,162059,811],{"class":608},[50,162061,105],{"class":64},[20,162063,353],{},[41,162065,162067],{"className":43,"code":162066,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Ana scored 90\nBen scored 85\nCara scored 88\n",[15,162068,162069,162076,162083],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,162070,162071,162074],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,162072,162073],{"class":56},"Ana scored ",[50,162075,33206],{"class":68},[50,162077,162078,162081],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,162079,162080],{"class":56},"Ben scored ",[50,162082,33211],{"class":68},[50,162084,162085,162088],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,162086,162087],{"class":56},"Cara scored ",[50,162089,33216],{"class":68},[20,162091,45000],{},[158,162093,162094,162103,162106],{},[161,162095,162096,162099,162100],{},[15,162097,162098],{},"zip(names, scores)"," creates pairs like ",[15,162101,162102],{},"(\"Ana\", 90)",[161,162104,162105],{},"The loop runs once for each pair",[161,162107,162108,4472,162110,162112],{},[15,162109,814],{},[15,162111,85563],{}," unpack the tuple into separate variables",[20,162114,162115,162116,425],{},"If tuple unpacking feels unfamiliar, it may help to first practice ",[421,162117,69674],{"href":69673},[36,162119,162121],{"id":162120},"what-happens-when-lengths-are-different","What happens when lengths are different",[20,162123,162124,162126],{},[15,162125,64380],{}," stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,162128,162129],{},"That means extra items in longer iterables are ignored.",[41,162131,162133],{"className":43,"code":162132,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,162134,162135,162176,162192,162196,162220],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,162136,162137,162139,162141,162143,162145,162147,162149,162151,162153,162155,162157,162159,162161,162163,162165,162167,162169,162172,162174],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,162138,5074],{"class":56},[50,162140,61],{"class":60},[50,162142,65],{"class":64},[50,162144,811],{"class":604},[50,162146,824],{"class":608},[50,162148,811],{"class":604},[50,162150,72],{"class":64},[50,162152,700],{"class":604},[50,162154,36010],{"class":608},[50,162156,811],{"class":604},[50,162158,72],{"class":64},[50,162160,700],{"class":604},[50,162162,36019],{"class":608},[50,162164,811],{"class":604},[50,162166,72],{"class":64},[50,162168,700],{"class":604},[50,162170,162171],{"class":608},"Dan",[50,162173,811],{"class":604},[50,162175,83],{"class":64},[50,162177,162178,162180,162182,162184,162186,162188,162190],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,162179,5143],{"class":56},[50,162181,61],{"class":60},[50,162183,65],{"class":64},[50,162185,13575],{"class":68},[50,162187,72],{"class":64},[50,162189,13580],{"class":68},[50,162191,83],{"class":64},[50,162193,162194],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,162195,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,162197,162198,162200,162202,162204,162206,162208,162210,162212,162214,162216,162218],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,162199,6035],{"class":3957},[50,162201,36061],{"class":56},[50,162203,72],{"class":64},[50,162205,5185],{"class":56},[50,162207,3964],{"class":3957},[50,162209,161491],{"class":94},[50,162211,98],{"class":64},[50,162213,5118],{"class":101},[50,162215,72],{"class":64},[50,162217,5190],{"class":101},[50,162219,8421],{"class":64},[50,162221,162222,162224,162226,162228,162230,162232],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,162223,8148],{"class":94},[50,162225,98],{"class":64},[50,162227,814],{"class":101},[50,162229,72],{"class":64},[50,162231,130779],{"class":101},[50,162233,105],{"class":64},[20,162235,353],{},[41,162237,162239],{"className":43,"code":162238,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"Ana 90\nBen 85\n",[15,162240,162241,162247],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,162242,162243,162245],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,162244,133798],{"class":56},[50,162246,33206],{"class":68},[50,162248,162249,162251],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,162250,161533],{"class":56},[50,162252,33211],{"class":68},[20,162254,2384,162255,4472,162258,162261],{},[15,162256,162257],{},"\"Cara\"",[15,162259,162260],{},"\"Dan\""," are not used.",[20,162263,162264],{},"This behavior is often helpful, but it can also hide mistakes. If you expected all items to be paired, check the lengths first:",[41,162266,162268],{"className":43,"code":162267,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nprint(len(names), len(scores))\n",[15,162269,162270,162310,162326,162330],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,162271,162272,162274,162276,162278,162280,162282,162284,162286,162288,162290,162292,162294,162296,162298,162300,162302,162304,162306,162308],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,162273,5074],{"class":56},[50,162275,61],{"class":60},[50,162277,65],{"class":64},[50,162279,811],{"class":604},[50,162281,824],{"class":608},[50,162283,811],{"class":604},[50,162285,72],{"class":64},[50,162287,700],{"class":604},[50,162289,36010],{"class":608},[50,162291,811],{"class":604},[50,162293,72],{"class":64},[50,162295,700],{"class":604},[50,162297,36019],{"class":608},[50,162299,811],{"class":604},[50,162301,72],{"class":64},[50,162303,700],{"class":604},[50,162305,162171],{"class":608},[50,162307,811],{"class":604},[50,162309,83],{"class":64},[50,162311,162312,162314,162316,162318,162320,162322,162324],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,162313,5143],{"class":56},[50,162315,61],{"class":60},[50,162317,65],{"class":64},[50,162319,13575],{"class":68},[50,162321,72],{"class":64},[50,162323,13580],{"class":68},[50,162325,83],{"class":64},[50,162327,162328],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,162329,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,162331,162332,162334,162336,162338,162340,162342,162344,162346,162348,162350],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,162333,118],{"class":94},[50,162335,98],{"class":64},[50,162337,1267],{"class":94},[50,162339,98],{"class":64},[50,162341,5118],{"class":101},[50,162343,9313],{"class":64},[50,162345,38454],{"class":94},[50,162347,98],{"class":64},[50,162349,16460],{"class":101},[50,162351,478],{"class":64},[20,162353,353],{},[41,162355,162357],{"className":43,"code":162356,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"4 2\n",[15,162358,162359],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,162360,162361,162363],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,162362,2602],{"class":68},[50,162364,45659],{"class":68},[20,162366,162367,162368,425],{},"If missing pairs are unexpected, compare the lengths before using ",[15,162369,64380],{},[36,162371,92152,162373,162375],{"id":162372},"converting-zip-output",[15,162374,64380],{}," output",[20,162377,29131,162378,162380],{},[15,162379,64380],{}," returns a zip object, you often need to convert it.",[222,162382,920,162384],{"id":162383},"use-listzip",[15,162385,162386],{},"list(zip(...))",[20,162388,162389],{},"This is the easiest way to see all pairs at once.",[41,162391,162393],{"className":43,"code":162392,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,162394,162395,162427,162447,162451,162473],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,162396,162397,162399,162401,162403,162405,162407,162409,162411,162413,162415,162417,162419,162421,162423,162425],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,162398,5074],{"class":56},[50,162400,61],{"class":60},[50,162402,65],{"class":64},[50,162404,811],{"class":604},[50,162406,824],{"class":608},[50,162408,811],{"class":604},[50,162410,72],{"class":64},[50,162412,700],{"class":604},[50,162414,36010],{"class":608},[50,162416,811],{"class":604},[50,162418,72],{"class":64},[50,162420,700],{"class":604},[50,162422,36019],{"class":608},[50,162424,811],{"class":604},[50,162426,83],{"class":64},[50,162428,162429,162431,162433,162435,162437,162439,162441,162443,162445],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,162430,5143],{"class":56},[50,162432,61],{"class":60},[50,162434,65],{"class":64},[50,162436,13575],{"class":68},[50,162438,72],{"class":64},[50,162440,13580],{"class":68},[50,162442,72],{"class":64},[50,162444,28990],{"class":68},[50,162446,83],{"class":64},[50,162448,162449],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,162450,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,162452,162453,162455,162457,162459,162461,162463,162465,162467,162469,162471],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,162454,9295],{"class":56},[50,162456,61],{"class":60},[50,162458,22629],{"class":557},[50,162460,98],{"class":64},[50,162462,64450],{"class":94},[50,162464,98],{"class":64},[50,162466,5118],{"class":101},[50,162468,72],{"class":64},[50,162470,5190],{"class":101},[50,162472,478],{"class":64},[50,162474,162475,162477,162479,162481],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,162476,118],{"class":94},[50,162478,98],{"class":64},[50,162480,9341],{"class":101},[50,162482,105],{"class":64},[20,162484,353],{},[41,162486,162488],{"className":43,"code":162487,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85), ('Cara', 88)]\n",[15,162489,162490],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,162491,162492,162494,162496,162498,162500,162502,162504,162506,162508,162510,162512,162514,162516,162518,162520,162522,162524,162526,162528,162530,162532],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,162493,21809],{"class":64},[50,162495,611],{"class":604},[50,162497,824],{"class":608},[50,162499,611],{"class":604},[50,162501,72],{"class":64},[50,162503,19968],{"class":68},[50,162505,9313],{"class":64},[50,162507,521],{"class":64},[50,162509,611],{"class":604},[50,162511,36010],{"class":608},[50,162513,611],{"class":604},[50,162515,72],{"class":64},[50,162517,13580],{"class":68},[50,162519,9313],{"class":64},[50,162521,521],{"class":64},[50,162523,611],{"class":604},[50,162525,36019],{"class":608},[50,162527,611],{"class":604},[50,162529,72],{"class":64},[50,162531,28990],{"class":68},[50,162533,9328],{"class":64},[222,162535,920,162537],{"id":162536},"use-dictzipkeys-values",[15,162538,162539],{},"dict(zip(keys, values))",[20,162541,162542],{},"This is a common way to build a dictionary.",[41,162544,162546],{"className":43,"code":162545,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nvalues = [\"Ana\", 25, \"Lima\"]\n\nperson = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(person)\n",[15,162547,162548,162580,162608,162612,162634],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,162549,162550,162552,162554,162556,162558,162560,162562,162564,162566,162568,162570,162572,162574,162576,162578],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,162551,17314],{"class":56},[50,162553,61],{"class":60},[50,162555,65],{"class":64},[50,162557,811],{"class":604},[50,162559,814],{"class":608},[50,162561,811],{"class":604},[50,162563,72],{"class":64},[50,162565,700],{"class":604},[50,162567,833],{"class":608},[50,162569,811],{"class":604},[50,162571,72],{"class":64},[50,162573,700],{"class":604},[50,162575,847],{"class":608},[50,162577,811],{"class":604},[50,162579,83],{"class":64},[50,162581,162582,162584,162586,162588,162590,162592,162594,162596,162598,162600,162602,162604,162606],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,162583,516],{"class":56},[50,162585,61],{"class":60},[50,162587,65],{"class":64},[50,162589,811],{"class":604},[50,162591,824],{"class":608},[50,162593,811],{"class":604},[50,162595,72],{"class":64},[50,162597,9384],{"class":68},[50,162599,72],{"class":64},[50,162601,700],{"class":604},[50,162603,856],{"class":608},[50,162605,811],{"class":604},[50,162607,83],{"class":64},[50,162609,162610],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,162611,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,162613,162614,162616,162618,162620,162622,162624,162626,162628,162630,162632],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,162615,804],{"class":56},[50,162617,61],{"class":60},[50,162619,9251],{"class":557},[50,162621,98],{"class":64},[50,162623,64450],{"class":94},[50,162625,98],{"class":64},[50,162627,16995],{"class":101},[50,162629,72],{"class":64},[50,162631,3967],{"class":101},[50,162633,478],{"class":64},[50,162635,162636,162638,162640,162642],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,162637,118],{"class":94},[50,162639,98],{"class":64},[50,162641,873],{"class":101},[50,162643,105],{"class":64},[20,162645,353],{},[41,162647,162649],{"className":43,"code":162648,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,162650,162651],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,162652,162653,162655,162657,162659,162661,162663,162665,162667,162669,162671,162673,162675,162677,162679,162681,162683,162685,162687,162689,162691,162693,162695,162697],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,162654,9357],{"class":64},[50,162656,611],{"class":604},[50,162658,814],{"class":608},[50,162660,611],{"class":604},[50,162662,819],{"class":64},[50,162664,605],{"class":604},[50,162666,824],{"class":608},[50,162668,611],{"class":604},[50,162670,72],{"class":64},[50,162672,605],{"class":604},[50,162674,833],{"class":608},[50,162676,611],{"class":604},[50,162678,819],{"class":64},[50,162680,9384],{"class":68},[50,162682,72],{"class":64},[50,162684,605],{"class":604},[50,162686,847],{"class":608},[50,162688,611],{"class":604},[50,162690,819],{"class":64},[50,162692,605],{"class":604},[50,162694,856],{"class":608},[50,162696,611],{"class":604},[50,162698,645],{"class":64},[20,162700,162701,162702,425],{},"If you want more dictionary examples, see ",[421,162703,31156],{"href":31155},[222,162705,162707],{"id":162706},"a-zip-object-is-consumed-after-use","A zip object is consumed after use",[20,162709,162710],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After you loop over it once, it is exhausted.",[41,162712,162714],{"className":43,"code":162713,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = zip(names, scores)\n\nprint(list(pairs))\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,162715,162716,162740,162756,162760,162778,162782,162796],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,162717,162718,162720,162722,162724,162726,162728,162730,162732,162734,162736,162738],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,162719,5074],{"class":56},[50,162721,61],{"class":60},[50,162723,65],{"class":64},[50,162725,811],{"class":604},[50,162727,824],{"class":608},[50,162729,811],{"class":604},[50,162731,72],{"class":64},[50,162733,700],{"class":604},[50,162735,36010],{"class":608},[50,162737,811],{"class":604},[50,162739,83],{"class":64},[50,162741,162742,162744,162746,162748,162750,162752,162754],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,162743,5143],{"class":56},[50,162745,61],{"class":60},[50,162747,65],{"class":64},[50,162749,13575],{"class":68},[50,162751,72],{"class":64},[50,162753,13580],{"class":68},[50,162755,83],{"class":64},[50,162757,162758],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,162759,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,162761,162762,162764,162766,162768,162770,162772,162774,162776],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,162763,9295],{"class":56},[50,162765,61],{"class":60},[50,162767,161491],{"class":94},[50,162769,98],{"class":64},[50,162771,5118],{"class":101},[50,162773,72],{"class":64},[50,162775,5190],{"class":101},[50,162777,105],{"class":64},[50,162779,162780],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,162781,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,162783,162784,162786,162788,162790,162792,162794],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,162785,118],{"class":94},[50,162787,98],{"class":64},[50,162789,437],{"class":557},[50,162791,98],{"class":64},[50,162793,9341],{"class":101},[50,162795,478],{"class":64},[50,162797,162798,162800,162802,162804,162806,162808],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,162799,118],{"class":94},[50,162801,98],{"class":64},[50,162803,437],{"class":557},[50,162805,98],{"class":64},[50,162807,9341],{"class":101},[50,162809,478],{"class":64},[20,162811,353],{},[41,162813,162815],{"className":43,"code":162814,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n[]\n",[15,162816,162817,162847],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,162818,162819,162821,162823,162825,162827,162829,162831,162833,162835,162837,162839,162841,162843,162845],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,162820,21809],{"class":64},[50,162822,611],{"class":604},[50,162824,824],{"class":608},[50,162826,611],{"class":604},[50,162828,72],{"class":64},[50,162830,19968],{"class":68},[50,162832,9313],{"class":64},[50,162834,521],{"class":64},[50,162836,611],{"class":604},[50,162838,36010],{"class":608},[50,162840,611],{"class":604},[50,162842,72],{"class":64},[50,162844,13580],{"class":68},[50,162846,9328],{"class":64},[50,162848,162849],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,162850,38367],{"class":64},[20,162852,162853],{},"If you need the data again, convert it to a list first or create a new zip object.",[20,162855,162856,162857,425],{},"For a deeper explanation, see ",[421,162858,5216],{"href":5664},[36,162860,41115],{"id":41114},[20,162862,162863,162864,425],{},"Here are some simple ways beginners use ",[15,162865,64380],{},[222,162867,162869],{"id":162868},"loop-through-names-and-scores-together","Loop through names and scores together",[41,162871,162873],{"className":43,"code":162872,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name}: {score}\")\n",[15,162874,162875,162907,162927,162931,162955],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,162876,162877,162879,162881,162883,162885,162887,162889,162891,162893,162895,162897,162899,162901,162903,162905],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,162878,5074],{"class":56},[50,162880,61],{"class":60},[50,162882,65],{"class":64},[50,162884,811],{"class":604},[50,162886,824],{"class":608},[50,162888,811],{"class":604},[50,162890,72],{"class":64},[50,162892,700],{"class":604},[50,162894,36010],{"class":608},[50,162896,811],{"class":604},[50,162898,72],{"class":64},[50,162900,700],{"class":604},[50,162902,36019],{"class":608},[50,162904,811],{"class":604},[50,162906,83],{"class":64},[50,162908,162909,162911,162913,162915,162917,162919,162921,162923,162925],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,162910,5143],{"class":56},[50,162912,61],{"class":60},[50,162914,65],{"class":64},[50,162916,13575],{"class":68},[50,162918,72],{"class":64},[50,162920,13580],{"class":68},[50,162922,72],{"class":64},[50,162924,28990],{"class":68},[50,162926,83],{"class":64},[50,162928,162929],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,162930,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,162932,162933,162935,162937,162939,162941,162943,162945,162947,162949,162951,162953],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,162934,6035],{"class":3957},[50,162936,36061],{"class":56},[50,162938,72],{"class":64},[50,162940,5185],{"class":56},[50,162942,3964],{"class":3957},[50,162944,161491],{"class":94},[50,162946,98],{"class":64},[50,162948,5118],{"class":101},[50,162950,72],{"class":64},[50,162952,5190],{"class":101},[50,162954,8421],{"class":64},[50,162956,162957,162959,162961,162963,162965,162967,162969,162971,162973,162975,162977,162979,162981],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,162958,8148],{"class":94},[50,162960,98],{"class":64},[50,162962,22363],{"class":600},[50,162964,811],{"class":608},[50,162966,9357],{"class":68},[50,162968,814],{"class":101},[50,162970,22372],{"class":68},[50,162972,22375],{"class":608},[50,162974,9357],{"class":68},[50,162976,85563],{"class":101},[50,162978,22372],{"class":68},[50,162980,811],{"class":608},[50,162982,105],{"class":64},[222,162984,162986],{"id":162985},"combine-keys-and-values-into-a-dictionary","Combine keys and values into a dictionary",[41,162988,162990],{"className":43,"code":162989,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"keys = [\"id\", \"name\", \"active\"]\nvalues = [101, \"Ana\", True]\n\ndata = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(data)\n",[15,162991,162992,163024,163048,163052,163074],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,162993,162994,162996,162998,163000,163002,163004,163006,163008,163010,163012,163014,163016,163018,163020,163022],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,162995,17314],{"class":56},[50,162997,61],{"class":60},[50,162999,65],{"class":64},[50,163001,811],{"class":604},[50,163003,12724],{"class":608},[50,163005,811],{"class":604},[50,163007,72],{"class":64},[50,163009,700],{"class":604},[50,163011,814],{"class":608},[50,163013,811],{"class":604},[50,163015,72],{"class":64},[50,163017,700],{"class":604},[50,163019,15893],{"class":608},[50,163021,811],{"class":604},[50,163023,83],{"class":64},[50,163025,163026,163028,163030,163032,163034,163036,163038,163040,163042,163044,163046],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,163027,516],{"class":56},[50,163029,61],{"class":60},[50,163031,65],{"class":64},[50,163033,46662],{"class":68},[50,163035,72],{"class":64},[50,163037,700],{"class":604},[50,163039,824],{"class":608},[50,163041,811],{"class":604},[50,163043,72],{"class":64},[50,163045,3997],{"class":207},[50,163047,83],{"class":64},[50,163049,163050],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,163051,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,163053,163054,163056,163058,163060,163062,163064,163066,163068,163070,163072],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,163055,9246],{"class":56},[50,163057,61],{"class":60},[50,163059,9251],{"class":557},[50,163061,98],{"class":64},[50,163063,64450],{"class":94},[50,163065,98],{"class":64},[50,163067,16995],{"class":101},[50,163069,72],{"class":64},[50,163071,3967],{"class":101},[50,163073,478],{"class":64},[50,163075,163076,163078,163080,163082],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,163077,118],{"class":94},[50,163079,98],{"class":64},[50,163081,9284],{"class":101},[50,163083,105],{"class":64},[222,163085,163087],{"id":163086},"compare-two-lists-item-by-item","Compare two lists item by item",[41,163089,163091],{"className":43,"code":163090,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"list1 = [10, 20, 30]\nlist2 = [10, 25, 30]\n\nfor a, b in zip(list1, list2):\n    print(a == b)\n",[15,163092,163093,163113,163133,163137,163162],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,163094,163095,163097,163099,163101,163103,163105,163107,163109,163111],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,163096,80702],{"class":56},[50,163098,61],{"class":60},[50,163100,65],{"class":64},[50,163102,1618],{"class":68},[50,163104,72],{"class":64},[50,163106,840],{"class":68},[50,163108,72],{"class":64},[50,163110,1627],{"class":68},[50,163112,83],{"class":64},[50,163114,163115,163117,163119,163121,163123,163125,163127,163129,163131],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,163116,80723],{"class":56},[50,163118,61],{"class":60},[50,163120,65],{"class":64},[50,163122,1618],{"class":68},[50,163124,72],{"class":64},[50,163126,9384],{"class":68},[50,163128,72],{"class":64},[50,163130,1627],{"class":68},[50,163132,83],{"class":64},[50,163134,163135],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,163136,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,163138,163139,163141,163143,163145,163148,163150,163152,163154,163156,163158,163160],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,163140,6035],{"class":3957},[50,163142,56955],{"class":56},[50,163144,72],{"class":64},[50,163146,163147],{"class":56}," b ",[50,163149,3964],{"class":3957},[50,163151,161491],{"class":94},[50,163153,98],{"class":64},[50,163155,111790],{"class":101},[50,163157,72],{"class":64},[50,163159,80766],{"class":101},[50,163161,8421],{"class":64},[50,163163,163164,163166,163168,163170,163172,163174],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,163165,8148],{"class":94},[50,163167,98],{"class":64},[50,163169,2652],{"class":101},[50,163171,4767],{"class":60},[50,163173,2657],{"class":101},[50,163175,105],{"class":64},[20,163177,353],{},[41,163179,163181],{"className":43,"code":163180,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"True\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,163182,163183,163187,163191],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,163184,163185],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,163186,4061],{"class":207},[50,163188,163189],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,163190,4122],{"class":207},[50,163192,163193],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,163194,4061],{"class":207},[222,163196,163198],{"id":163197},"print-related-values-in-the-same-loop","Print related values in the same loop",[41,163200,163202],{"className":43,"code":163201,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"products = [\"Book\", \"Pen\", \"Bag\"]\nprices = [12.5, 1.2, 25.0]\n\nfor product, price in zip(products, prices):\n    print(f\"{product} costs ${price}\")\n",[15,163203,163204,163239,163262,163266,163293],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,163205,163206,163209,163211,163213,163215,163217,163219,163221,163223,163226,163228,163230,163232,163235,163237],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,163207,163208],{"class":56},"products ",[50,163210,61],{"class":60},[50,163212,65],{"class":64},[50,163214,811],{"class":604},[50,163216,25209],{"class":608},[50,163218,811],{"class":604},[50,163220,72],{"class":64},[50,163222,700],{"class":604},[50,163224,163225],{"class":608},"Pen",[50,163227,811],{"class":604},[50,163229,72],{"class":64},[50,163231,700],{"class":604},[50,163233,163234],{"class":608},"Bag",[50,163236,811],{"class":604},[50,163238,83],{"class":64},[50,163240,163241,163243,163245,163247,163250,163252,163255,163257,163260],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,163242,83092],{"class":56},[50,163244,61],{"class":60},[50,163246,65],{"class":64},[50,163248,163249],{"class":68},"12.5",[50,163251,72],{"class":64},[50,163253,163254],{"class":68}," 1.2",[50,163256,72],{"class":64},[50,163258,163259],{"class":68}," 25.0",[50,163261,83],{"class":64},[50,163263,163264],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,163265,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,163267,163268,163270,163272,163274,163277,163279,163281,163283,163286,163288,163291],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,163269,6035],{"class":3957},[50,163271,25270],{"class":56},[50,163273,72],{"class":64},[50,163275,163276],{"class":56}," price ",[50,163278,3964],{"class":3957},[50,163280,161491],{"class":94},[50,163282,98],{"class":64},[50,163284,163285],{"class":101},"products",[50,163287,72],{"class":64},[50,163289,163290],{"class":101}," prices",[50,163292,8421],{"class":64},[50,163294,163295,163297,163299,163301,163303,163305,163307,163309,163312,163314,163316,163318,163320],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,163296,8148],{"class":94},[50,163298,98],{"class":64},[50,163300,22363],{"class":600},[50,163302,811],{"class":608},[50,163304,9357],{"class":68},[50,163306,27078],{"class":101},[50,163308,22372],{"class":68},[50,163310,163311],{"class":608}," costs $",[50,163313,9357],{"class":68},[50,163315,25218],{"class":101},[50,163317,22372],{"class":68},[50,163319,811],{"class":608},[50,163321,105],{"class":64},[20,163323,36670,163324,425],{},[421,163325,163327],{"href":163326},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-zip-in-python\u002F","how to use zip in Python",[36,163329,163331,163332],{"id":163330},"common-mistakes-with-zip","Common mistakes with ",[15,163333,64380],{},[222,163335,8532,163337,163339],{"id":163336},"expecting-zip-to-keep-going-to-the-longest-iterable",[15,163338,64380],{}," to keep going to the longest iterable",[20,163341,163342,163344],{},[15,163343,64380],{}," does not do that. It stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,163346,163347],{},"If values seem to be missing, compare the lengths:",[41,163349,163351],{"className":43,"code":163350,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"print(len(list1), len(list2))\n",[15,163352,163353],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,163354,163355,163357,163359,163361,163363,163365,163367,163369,163371,163373],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,163356,118],{"class":94},[50,163358,98],{"class":64},[50,163360,1267],{"class":94},[50,163362,98],{"class":64},[50,163364,111790],{"class":101},[50,163366,9313],{"class":64},[50,163368,38454],{"class":94},[50,163370,98],{"class":64},[50,163372,80989],{"class":101},[50,163374,478],{"class":64},[222,163376,163378],{"id":163377},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-zip-object-after-looping-once","Trying to reuse the same zip object after looping once",[20,163380,68897],{},[41,163382,163384],{"className":43,"code":163383,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"pairs = zip([1, 2], [\"a\", \"b\"])\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n",[15,163385,163386,163422,163426,163439,163449,163453,163465],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,163387,163388,163390,163392,163394,163396,163398,163400,163402,163404,163406,163408,163410,163412,163414,163416,163418,163420],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,163389,9295],{"class":56},[50,163391,61],{"class":60},[50,163393,161491],{"class":94},[50,163395,1792],{"class":64},[50,163397,366],{"class":68},[50,163399,72],{"class":64},[50,163401,80],{"class":68},[50,163403,1860],{"class":64},[50,163405,65],{"class":64},[50,163407,811],{"class":604},[50,163409,421],{"class":608},[50,163411,811],{"class":604},[50,163413,72],{"class":64},[50,163415,700],{"class":604},[50,163417,4839],{"class":608},[50,163419,811],{"class":604},[50,163421,3970],{"class":64},[50,163423,163424],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,163425,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,163427,163428,163430,163432,163434,163437],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,163429,6035],{"class":3957},[50,163431,6038],{"class":56},[50,163433,3964],{"class":3957},[50,163435,163436],{"class":56}," pairs",[50,163438,6470],{"class":64},[50,163440,163441,163443,163445,163447],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,163442,8148],{"class":94},[50,163444,98],{"class":64},[50,163446,23379],{"class":101},[50,163448,105],{"class":64},[50,163450,163451],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,163452,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,163454,163455,163457,163459,163461,163463],{"class":52,"line":342},[50,163456,6035],{"class":3957},[50,163458,6038],{"class":56},[50,163460,3964],{"class":3957},[50,163462,163436],{"class":56},[50,163464,6470],{"class":64},[50,163466,163467,163469,163471,163473],{"class":52,"line":6492},[50,163468,8148],{"class":94},[50,163470,98],{"class":64},[50,163472,23379],{"class":101},[50,163474,105],{"class":64},[20,163476,163477],{},"The second loop prints nothing because the zip object has already been used.",[222,163479,163481],{"id":163480},"forgetting-to-unpack-tuple-values-in-a-loop","Forgetting to unpack tuple values in a loop",[20,163483,163484],{},"This is correct:",[41,163486,163488],{"className":43,"code":163487,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,163489,163490,163514,163530,163534,163558],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,163491,163492,163494,163496,163498,163500,163502,163504,163506,163508,163510,163512],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,163493,5074],{"class":56},[50,163495,61],{"class":60},[50,163497,65],{"class":64},[50,163499,811],{"class":604},[50,163501,824],{"class":608},[50,163503,811],{"class":604},[50,163505,72],{"class":64},[50,163507,700],{"class":604},[50,163509,36010],{"class":608},[50,163511,811],{"class":604},[50,163513,83],{"class":64},[50,163515,163516,163518,163520,163522,163524,163526,163528],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,163517,5143],{"class":56},[50,163519,61],{"class":60},[50,163521,65],{"class":64},[50,163523,13575],{"class":68},[50,163525,72],{"class":64},[50,163527,13580],{"class":68},[50,163529,83],{"class":64},[50,163531,163532],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,163533,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,163535,163536,163538,163540,163542,163544,163546,163548,163550,163552,163554,163556],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,163537,6035],{"class":3957},[50,163539,36061],{"class":56},[50,163541,72],{"class":64},[50,163543,5185],{"class":56},[50,163545,3964],{"class":3957},[50,163547,161491],{"class":94},[50,163549,98],{"class":64},[50,163551,5118],{"class":101},[50,163553,72],{"class":64},[50,163555,5190],{"class":101},[50,163557,8421],{"class":64},[50,163559,163560,163562,163564,163566,163568,163570],{"class":52,"line":133},[50,163561,8148],{"class":94},[50,163563,98],{"class":64},[50,163565,814],{"class":101},[50,163567,72],{"class":64},[50,163569,130779],{"class":101},[50,163571,105],{"class":64},[20,163573,163574],{},"If you use only one variable, you get the whole tuple:",[41,163576,163578],{"className":43,"code":163577,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"for item in zip(names, scores):\n    print(item)\n",[15,163579,163580,163600],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,163581,163582,163584,163586,163588,163590,163592,163594,163596,163598],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,163583,6035],{"class":3957},[50,163585,6038],{"class":56},[50,163587,3964],{"class":3957},[50,163589,161491],{"class":94},[50,163591,98],{"class":64},[50,163593,5118],{"class":101},[50,163595,72],{"class":64},[50,163597,5190],{"class":101},[50,163599,8421],{"class":64},[50,163601,163602,163604,163606,163608],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,163603,8148],{"class":94},[50,163605,98],{"class":64},[50,163607,23379],{"class":101},[50,163609,105],{"class":64},[20,163611,353],{},[41,163613,163615],{"className":43,"code":163614,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},"('Ana', 90)\n('Ben', 85)\n",[15,163616,163617,163633],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,163618,163619,163621,163623,163625,163627,163629,163631],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,163620,98],{"class":64},[50,163622,611],{"class":604},[50,163624,824],{"class":608},[50,163626,611],{"class":604},[50,163628,72],{"class":64},[50,163630,19968],{"class":68},[50,163632,105],{"class":64},[50,163634,163635,163637,163639,163641,163643,163645,163647],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,163636,98],{"class":64},[50,163638,611],{"class":604},[50,163640,36010],{"class":608},[50,163642,611],{"class":604},[50,163644,72],{"class":64},[50,163646,13580],{"class":68},[50,163648,105],{"class":64},[20,163650,163651],{},"Both forms are valid, but they do different things.",[222,163653,914,163655,163657,163658],{"id":163654},"using-zip-when-you-actually-need-indexes-with-enumerate",[15,163656,64380],{}," when you actually need indexes with ",[15,163659,2008],{},[20,163661,920,163662,163664],{},[15,163663,64380],{}," when you want values from multiple iterables.",[20,163666,920,163667,163669],{},[15,163668,2008],{}," when you need a counter or index.",[41,163671,163672],{"className":43,"code":35987,"language":45,"meta":46,"style":46},[15,163673,163674,163706,163710,163730],{"__ignoreMap":46},[50,163675,163676,163678,163680,163682,163684,163686,163688,163690,163692,163694,163696,163698,163700,163702,163704],{"class":52,"line":53},[50,163677,5074],{"class":56},[50,163679,61],{"class":60},[50,163681,65],{"class":64},[50,163683,811],{"class":604},[50,163685,824],{"class":608},[50,163687,811],{"class":604},[50,163689,72],{"class":64},[50,163691,700],{"class":604},[50,163693,36010],{"class":608},[50,163695,811],{"class":604},[50,163697,72],{"class":64},[50,163699,700],{"class":604},[50,163701,36019],{"class":608},[50,163703,811],{"class":604},[50,163705,83],{"class":64},[50,163707,163708],{"class":52,"line":86},[50,163709,112],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":111},[50,163711,163712,163714,163716,163718,163720,163722,163724,163726,163728],{"class":52,"line":108},[50,163713,6035],{"class":3957},[50,163715,35890],{"class":56},[50,163717,72],{"class":64},[50,163719,36038],{"class":56},[50,163721,3964],{"class":3957},[50,163723,35900],{"class":94},[50,163725,98],{"class":64},[50,163727,5118],{"class":101},[50,163729,8421],{"class":64},[50,163731,163732,163734,163736,163738,163740,163742],{"class":52,"line":115},[50,163733,8148],{"class":94},[50,163735,98],{"class":64},[50,163737,35915],{"class":101},[50,163739,72],{"class":64},[50,163741,36061],{"class":101},[50,163743,105],{"class":64},[20,163745,163746,163747,425],{},"If that pattern is what you need, read ",[421,163748,13,163749,1461],{"href":2005},[15,163750,2008],{},[36,163752,1913],{"id":1912},[222,163754,1927,163756,5224],{"id":163755},"what-does-zip-return-in-python",[15,163757,64380],{},[20,163759,163760],{},"It returns a zip object, which is an iterator that produces tuples of matched items.",[222,163762,1917,163764,163766],{"id":163763},"does-zip-work-with-different-lengths",[15,163765,64380],{}," work with different lengths?",[20,163768,163769],{},"Yes, but it stops when the shortest iterable runs out of items.",[222,163771,163773,163774,1943],{"id":163772},"how-do-i-see-the-values-from-zip","How do I see the values from ",[15,163775,64380],{},[20,163777,163778,163779,425],{},"Loop over it or convert it with ",[15,163780,162386],{},[222,163782,163784,163785,1943],{"id":163783},"can-i-make-a-dictionary-with-zip","Can I make a dictionary with ",[15,163786,64380],{},[20,163788,128144,163789,163791],{},[15,163790,162539],{}," when one iterable has keys and the other has values.",[222,163793,163795],{"id":163794},"why-is-my-zip-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my zip object empty the second time?",[20,163797,163798],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After it has been used once, it is exhausted.",[36,163800,1975],{"id":1974},[158,163802,163803,163808,163814,163818,163822],{},[161,163804,163805],{},[421,163806,163807],{"href":163326},"How to use zip in Python",[161,163809,163810],{},[421,163811,13,163812,1461],{"href":2005},[15,163813,2008],{},[161,163815,163816],{},[421,163817,5295],{"href":5664},[161,163819,163820],{},[421,163821,69750],{"href":69673},[161,163823,163824],{},[421,163825,32330],{"href":31155},[2018,163827,163828],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":46,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":163830},[163831,163832,163834,163835,163836,163837,163845,163851,163860,163871],{"id":2104,"depth":86,"text":2105},{"id":161550,"depth":86,"text":163833},"What zip() does",{"id":180,"depth":86,"text":181},{"id":161943,"depth":86,"text":161944},{"id":162120,"depth":86,"text":162121},{"id":162372,"depth":86,"text":163838,"children":163839},"Converting zip() output",[163840,163842,163844],{"id":162383,"depth":108,"text":163841},"Use list(zip(...))",{"id":162536,"depth":108,"text":163843},"Use dict(zip(keys, values))",{"id":162706,"depth":108,"text":162707},{"id":41114,"depth":86,"text":41115,"children":163846},[163847,163848,163849,163850],{"id":162868,"depth":108,"text":162869},{"id":162985,"depth":108,"text":162986},{"id":163086,"depth":108,"text":163087},{"id":163197,"depth":108,"text":163198},{"id":163330,"depth":86,"text":163852,"children":163853},"Common mistakes with zip()",[163854,163856,163857,163858],{"id":163336,"depth":108,"text":163855},"Expecting zip() to keep going to the longest iterable",{"id":163377,"depth":108,"text":163378},{"id":163480,"depth":108,"text":163481},{"id":163654,"depth":108,"text":163859},"Using zip() when you actually need indexes with enumerate()",{"id":1912,"depth":86,"text":1913,"children":163861},[163862,163864,163866,163868,163870],{"id":163755,"depth":108,"text":163863},"What does zip() return in Python?",{"id":163763,"depth":108,"text":163865},"Does zip() work with different lengths?",{"id":163772,"depth":108,"text":163867},"How do I see the values from zip()?",{"id":163783,"depth":108,"text":163869},"Can I make a dictionary with zip()?",{"id":163794,"depth":108,"text":163795},{"id":1974,"depth":86,"text":1975},"Master python zip function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained",{"title":161392,"description":163872},"reference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained","ZunBvxBXnO_OOhvHVmM9GY-KSTXZ7twigdvzrnPWr4U",1776945025233]