[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":164063},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained":3,"nav-reference":2325},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":2318,"extension":2319,"meta":2320,"navigation":133,"path":2321,"seo":2322,"stem":2323,"__hash__":2324},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained.md","Python sorted() vs list.sort() Explained",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":2263},"minimark",[9,23,27,39,47,50,69,79,84,178,186,190,212,219,224,227,244,247,264,272,367,372,424,430,440,445,451,453,466,472,526,530,552,559,568,572,575,596,600,720,724,797,800,812,818,823,837,841,922,926,972,980,988,993,997,1011,1015,1086,1090,1123,1126,1133,1144,1152,1166,1169,1173,1260,1264,1301,1305,1417,1421,1482,1489,1496,1500,1503,1510,1513,1580,1584,1610,1613,1634,1641,1694,1698,1719,1725,1728,1787,1794,1824,1830,1835,1845,1852,1912,1916,1965,1968,1972,1975,2003,2006,2101,2104,2126,2130,2133,2151,2157,2161,2171,2176,2185,2188,2195,2198,2205,2215,2224,2229,2233,2259],[10,11,13,14,18,19,22],"h1",{"id":12},"python-sorted-vs-listsort-explained","Python ",[15,16,17],"code",{},"sorted()"," vs ",[15,20,21],{},"list.sort()"," Explained",[24,25,26],"p",{},"Python gives you two common ways to sort values:",[28,29,30,35],"ul",{},[31,32,33],"li",{},[15,34,17],{},[31,36,37],{},[15,38,21],{},[24,40,41,42,46],{},"They look similar, but they do ",[43,44,45],"strong",{},"not"," behave the same way.",[24,48,49],{},"The main difference is simple:",[28,51,52,61],{},[31,53,54,55,57,58],{},"Use ",[15,56,17],{}," when you want a ",[43,59,60],{},"new sorted result",[31,62,54,63,65,66],{},[15,64,21],{}," when you want to ",[43,67,68],{},"change the original list",[24,70,71,72,74,75,78],{},"This matters a lot for beginners, especially when ",[15,73,21],{}," returns ",[15,76,77],{},"None"," and causes confusion.",[80,81,83],"h2",{"id":82},"quick-answer","Quick answer",[85,86,91],"pre",{"className":87,"code":88,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"language-python shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter github-light github-dark","numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)   # returns a new sorted list\nnumbers.sort()              # sorts the original list in place\n","python","",[15,92,93,128,135,161],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,95,98,102,106,110,114,117,120,122,125],"span",{"class":96,"line":97},"line",1,[94,99,101],{"class":100},"su5hD","numbers ",[94,103,105],{"class":104},"smGrS","=",[94,107,109],{"class":108},"sP7_E"," [",[94,111,113],{"class":112},"srdBf","3",[94,115,116],{"class":108},",",[94,118,119],{"class":112}," 1",[94,121,116],{"class":108},[94,123,124],{"class":112}," 2",[94,126,127],{"class":108},"]\n",[94,129,131],{"class":96,"line":130},2,[94,132,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},true,"\n",[94,136,138,141,143,147,150,154,157],{"class":96,"line":137},3,[94,139,140],{"class":100},"new_list ",[94,142,105],{"class":104},[94,144,146],{"class":145},"sptTA"," sorted",[94,148,149],{"class":108},"(",[94,151,153],{"class":152},"slqww","numbers",[94,155,156],{"class":108},")",[94,158,160],{"class":159},"sutJx","   # returns a new sorted list\n",[94,162,164,166,169,172,175],{"class":96,"line":163},4,[94,165,153],{"class":100},[94,167,168],{"class":108},".",[94,170,171],{"class":152},"sort",[94,173,174],{"class":108},"()",[94,176,177],{"class":159},"              # sorts the original list in place\n",[24,179,54,180,182,183,185],{},[15,181,17],{}," when you want a new result. Use ",[15,184,21],{}," when you want to change the existing list.",[80,187,189],{"id":188},"what-this-page-helps-you-decide","What this page helps you decide",[28,191,192,197,202,209],{},[31,193,54,194,196],{},[15,195,17],{}," to get a new sorted list",[31,198,54,199,201],{},[15,200,21],{}," to sort an existing list in place",[31,203,204,205,74,207],{},"Understand why ",[15,206,21],{},[15,208,77],{},[31,210,211],{},"See when each option is better for beginner code",[80,213,215,216,218],{"id":214},"what-sorted-does","What ",[15,217,17],{}," does",[24,220,221,223],{},[15,222,17],{}," is a built-in Python function.",[24,225,226],{},"It:",[28,228,229,235,241],{},[31,230,231,232],{},"returns a ",[43,233,234],{},"new list",[31,236,237,238,240],{},"does ",[43,239,45],{}," change the original data",[31,242,243],{},"works with many iterable objects, not just lists",[24,245,246],{},"That includes:",[28,248,249,252,255,258,261],{},[31,250,251],{},"lists",[31,253,254],{},"tuples",[31,256,257],{},"strings",[31,259,260],{},"sets",[31,262,263],{},"other iterable objects",[265,266,268,269,271],"h3",{"id":267},"example-sorted-keeps-the-original-list-unchanged","Example: ",[15,270,17],{}," keeps the original list unchanged",[85,273,275],{"className":87,"code":274,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(\"original:\", numbers)\nprint(\"sorted result:\", result)\n",[15,276,277,297,301,317,321,346],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,278,279,281,283,285,287,289,291,293,295],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,280,101],{"class":100},[94,282,105],{"class":104},[94,284,109],{"class":108},[94,286,113],{"class":112},[94,288,116],{"class":108},[94,290,119],{"class":112},[94,292,116],{"class":108},[94,294,124],{"class":112},[94,296,127],{"class":108},[94,298,299],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,300,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,302,303,306,308,310,312,314],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,304,305],{"class":100},"result ",[94,307,105],{"class":104},[94,309,146],{"class":145},[94,311,149],{"class":108},[94,313,153],{"class":152},[94,315,316],{"class":108},")\n",[94,318,319],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,320,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,322,324,327,329,333,337,339,341,344],{"class":96,"line":323},5,[94,325,326],{"class":145},"print",[94,328,149],{"class":108},[94,330,332],{"class":331},"sjJ54","\"",[94,334,336],{"class":335},"s_sjI","original:",[94,338,332],{"class":331},[94,340,116],{"class":108},[94,342,343],{"class":152}," numbers",[94,345,316],{"class":108},[94,347,349,351,353,355,358,360,362,365],{"class":96,"line":348},6,[94,350,326],{"class":145},[94,352,149],{"class":108},[94,354,332],{"class":331},[94,356,357],{"class":335},"sorted result:",[94,359,332],{"class":331},[94,361,116],{"class":108},[94,363,364],{"class":152}," result",[94,366,316],{"class":108},[24,368,369],{},[43,370,371],{},"Output:",[85,373,375],{"className":87,"code":374,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"original: [3, 1, 2]\nsorted result: [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,376,377,399],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,378,379,382,385,387,389,391,393,395,397],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,380,381],{"class":100},"original",[94,383,384],{"class":108},":",[94,386,109],{"class":108},[94,388,113],{"class":112},[94,390,116],{"class":108},[94,392,119],{"class":112},[94,394,116],{"class":108},[94,396,124],{"class":112},[94,398,127],{"class":108},[94,400,401,404,406,408,410,413,415,417,419,422],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,402,403],{"class":145},"sorted",[94,405,364],{"class":100},[94,407,384],{"class":108},[94,409,109],{"class":108},[94,411,412],{"class":112},"1",[94,414,116],{"class":108},[94,416,124],{"class":112},[94,418,116],{"class":108},[94,420,421],{"class":112}," 3",[94,423,127],{"class":108},[24,425,426,427,429],{},"The important part is that ",[15,428,153],{}," stays the same.",[24,431,432,433,168],{},"If you want a full function-focused explanation, see ",[434,435,13,437,439],"a",{"href":436},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained\u002F",[15,438,17],{}," function explained",[80,441,215,443,218],{"id":442},"what-listsort-does",[15,444,21],{},[24,446,447,450],{},[15,448,449],{},"sort()"," is a method that belongs to lists.",[24,452,226],{},[28,454,455,458,461],{},[31,456,457],{},"changes the original list directly",[31,459,460],{},"only works on lists",[31,462,463,464],{},"returns ",[15,465,77],{},[265,467,268,469,471],{"id":468},"example-listsort-changes-the-original-list",[15,470,21],{}," changes the original list",[85,473,475],{"className":87,"code":474,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,476,477,497,501,512,516],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,478,479,481,483,485,487,489,491,493,495],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,480,101],{"class":100},[94,482,105],{"class":104},[94,484,109],{"class":108},[94,486,113],{"class":112},[94,488,116],{"class":108},[94,490,119],{"class":112},[94,492,116],{"class":108},[94,494,124],{"class":112},[94,496,127],{"class":108},[94,498,499],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,500,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,502,503,505,507,509],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,504,153],{"class":100},[94,506,168],{"class":108},[94,508,171],{"class":152},[94,510,511],{"class":108},"()\n",[94,513,514],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,515,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,517,518,520,522,524],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,519,326],{"class":145},[94,521,149],{"class":108},[94,523,153],{"class":152},[94,525,316],{"class":108},[24,527,528],{},[43,529,371],{},[85,531,533],{"className":87,"code":532,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,534,535],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,536,537,540,542,544,546,548,550],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,538,539],{"class":108},"[",[94,541,412],{"class":112},[94,543,116],{"class":108},[94,545,124],{"class":112},[94,547,116],{"class":108},[94,549,421],{"class":112},[94,551,127],{"class":108},[24,553,554,555,558],{},"After calling ",[15,556,557],{},"numbers.sort()",", the list itself is changed.",[24,560,561,562,168],{},"For a method-specific reference page, see ",[434,563,13,565,567],{"href":564},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method\u002F",[15,566,21],{}," method",[80,569,571],{"id":570},"main-difference-at-a-glance","Main difference at a glance",[24,573,574],{},"Here is the core difference:",[28,576,577,586],{},[31,578,579,582,583],{},[15,580,581],{},"sorted(iterable)"," → returns a ",[43,584,585],{},"new sorted list",[31,587,588,591,592,595],{},[15,589,590],{},"my_list.sort()"," → changes ",[15,593,594],{},"my_list"," directly",[265,597,599],{"id":598},"side-by-side-example","Side-by-side example",[85,601,603],{"className":87,"code":602,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [5, 2, 4]\n\na = sorted(numbers)\nprint(\"numbers after sorted():\", numbers)\nprint(\"a:\", a)\n\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(\"numbers after sort():\", numbers)\n",[15,604,605,627,631,646,665,685,689,700],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,606,607,609,611,613,616,618,620,622,625],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,608,101],{"class":100},[94,610,105],{"class":104},[94,612,109],{"class":108},[94,614,615],{"class":112},"5",[94,617,116],{"class":108},[94,619,124],{"class":112},[94,621,116],{"class":108},[94,623,624],{"class":112}," 4",[94,626,127],{"class":108},[94,628,629],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,630,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,632,633,636,638,640,642,644],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,634,635],{"class":100},"a ",[94,637,105],{"class":104},[94,639,146],{"class":145},[94,641,149],{"class":108},[94,643,153],{"class":152},[94,645,316],{"class":108},[94,647,648,650,652,654,657,659,661,663],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,649,326],{"class":145},[94,651,149],{"class":108},[94,653,332],{"class":331},[94,655,656],{"class":335},"numbers after sorted():",[94,658,332],{"class":331},[94,660,116],{"class":108},[94,662,343],{"class":152},[94,664,316],{"class":108},[94,666,667,669,671,673,676,678,680,683],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,668,326],{"class":145},[94,670,149],{"class":108},[94,672,332],{"class":331},[94,674,675],{"class":335},"a:",[94,677,332],{"class":331},[94,679,116],{"class":108},[94,681,682],{"class":152}," a",[94,684,316],{"class":108},[94,686,687],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,688,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,690,692,694,696,698],{"class":96,"line":691},7,[94,693,153],{"class":100},[94,695,168],{"class":108},[94,697,171],{"class":152},[94,699,511],{"class":108},[94,701,703,705,707,709,712,714,716,718],{"class":96,"line":702},8,[94,704,326],{"class":145},[94,706,149],{"class":108},[94,708,332],{"class":331},[94,710,711],{"class":335},"numbers after sort():",[94,713,332],{"class":331},[94,715,116],{"class":108},[94,717,343],{"class":152},[94,719,316],{"class":108},[24,721,722],{},[43,723,371],{},[85,725,727],{"className":87,"code":726,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers after sorted(): [5, 2, 4]\na: [2, 4, 5]\nnumbers after sort(): [2, 4, 5]\n",[15,728,729,753,775],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,730,731,734,736,739,741,743,745,747,749,751],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,732,733],{"class":100},"numbers after ",[94,735,403],{"class":145},[94,737,738],{"class":108},"():",[94,740,109],{"class":108},[94,742,615],{"class":112},[94,744,116],{"class":108},[94,746,124],{"class":112},[94,748,116],{"class":108},[94,750,624],{"class":112},[94,752,127],{"class":108},[94,754,755,757,759,761,764,766,768,770,773],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,756,434],{"class":100},[94,758,384],{"class":108},[94,760,109],{"class":108},[94,762,763],{"class":112},"2",[94,765,116],{"class":108},[94,767,624],{"class":112},[94,769,116],{"class":108},[94,771,772],{"class":112}," 5",[94,774,127],{"class":108},[94,776,777,779,781,783,785,787,789,791,793,795],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,778,733],{"class":100},[94,780,171],{"class":152},[94,782,738],{"class":108},[94,784,109],{"class":108},[94,786,763],{"class":112},[94,788,116],{"class":108},[94,790,624],{"class":112},[94,792,116],{"class":108},[94,794,772],{"class":112},[94,796,127],{"class":108},[24,798,799],{},"So:",[28,801,802,807],{},[31,803,804,806],{},[15,805,17],{}," keeps the original data unchanged",[31,808,809,811],{},[15,810,449],{}," is useful when you do not need the original order anymore",[80,813,815,816],{"id":814},"when-to-use-sorted","When to use ",[15,817,17],{},[24,819,54,820,822],{},[15,821,17],{}," when:",[28,824,825,828,831,834],{},[31,826,827],{},"you want to keep the original list unchanged",[31,829,830],{},"your data is not a list",[31,832,833],{},"you want to store the result in a new variable",[31,835,836],{},"you want clearer code that is easy to read",[265,838,840],{"id":839},"example-sorting-a-tuple","Example: sorting a tuple",[85,842,844],{"className":87,"code":843,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = (4, 1, 3, 2)\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,845,846,872,876,890,894,905],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,847,848,850,852,855,858,860,862,864,866,868,870],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,849,101],{"class":100},[94,851,105],{"class":104},[94,853,854],{"class":108}," (",[94,856,857],{"class":112},"4",[94,859,116],{"class":108},[94,861,119],{"class":112},[94,863,116],{"class":108},[94,865,421],{"class":112},[94,867,116],{"class":108},[94,869,124],{"class":112},[94,871,316],{"class":108},[94,873,874],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,875,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,877,878,880,882,884,886,888],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,879,305],{"class":100},[94,881,105],{"class":104},[94,883,146],{"class":145},[94,885,149],{"class":108},[94,887,153],{"class":152},[94,889,316],{"class":108},[94,891,892],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,893,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,895,896,898,900,903],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,897,326],{"class":145},[94,899,149],{"class":108},[94,901,902],{"class":152},"result",[94,904,316],{"class":108},[94,906,907,909,911,915,917,919],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,908,326],{"class":145},[94,910,149],{"class":108},[94,912,914],{"class":913},"sZMiF","type",[94,916,149],{"class":108},[94,918,902],{"class":152},[94,920,921],{"class":108},"))\n",[24,923,924],{},[43,925,371],{},[85,927,929],{"className":87,"code":928,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,930,931,951],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,932,933,935,937,939,941,943,945,947,949],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,934,539],{"class":108},[94,936,412],{"class":112},[94,938,116],{"class":108},[94,940,124],{"class":112},[94,942,116],{"class":108},[94,944,421],{"class":112},[94,946,116],{"class":108},[94,948,624],{"class":112},[94,950,127],{"class":108},[94,952,953,956,960,963,966,969],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,954,955],{"class":104},"\u003C",[94,957,959],{"class":958},"sbsja","class",[94,961,962],{"class":331}," '",[94,964,965],{"class":335},"list",[94,967,968],{"class":331},"'",[94,970,971],{"class":104},">\n",[24,973,974,975,977,978,168],{},"Notice that ",[15,976,17],{}," can sort a tuple, but the result is a ",[43,979,965],{},[24,981,982,983,987],{},"If you are still learning list behavior, ",[434,984,986],{"href":985},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide\u002F","Python lists explained for beginners"," is a helpful next step.",[80,989,815,991],{"id":990},"when-to-use-listsort",[15,992,21],{},[24,994,54,995,822],{},[15,996,21],{},[28,998,999,1002,1005,1008],{},[31,1000,1001],{},"you already have a list",[31,1003,1004],{},"you want to update that list directly",[31,1006,1007],{},"you do not need the original order anymore",[31,1009,1010],{},"you want a simple in-place change",[265,1012,1014],{"id":1013},"example-sorting-one-list-directly","Example: sorting one list directly",[85,1016,1018],{"className":87,"code":1017,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"names = [\"Charlie\", \"Alice\", \"Bob\"]\n\nnames.sort()\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,1019,1020,1057,1061,1072,1076],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,1021,1022,1025,1027,1029,1031,1034,1036,1038,1041,1044,1046,1048,1050,1053,1055],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,1023,1024],{"class":100},"names ",[94,1026,105],{"class":104},[94,1028,109],{"class":108},[94,1030,332],{"class":331},[94,1032,1033],{"class":335},"Charlie",[94,1035,332],{"class":331},[94,1037,116],{"class":108},[94,1039,1040],{"class":331}," \"",[94,1042,1043],{"class":335},"Alice",[94,1045,332],{"class":331},[94,1047,116],{"class":108},[94,1049,1040],{"class":331},[94,1051,1052],{"class":335},"Bob",[94,1054,332],{"class":331},[94,1056,127],{"class":108},[94,1058,1059],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,1060,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,1062,1063,1066,1068,1070],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,1064,1065],{"class":100},"names",[94,1067,168],{"class":108},[94,1069,171],{"class":152},[94,1071,511],{"class":108},[94,1073,1074],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,1075,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,1077,1078,1080,1082,1084],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,1079,326],{"class":145},[94,1081,149],{"class":108},[94,1083,1065],{"class":152},[94,1085,316],{"class":108},[24,1087,1088],{},[43,1089,371],{},[85,1091,1093],{"className":87,"code":1092,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\n",[15,1094,1095],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,1096,1097,1099,1101,1103,1105,1107,1109,1111,1113,1115,1117,1119,1121],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,1098,539],{"class":108},[94,1100,968],{"class":331},[94,1102,1043],{"class":335},[94,1104,968],{"class":331},[94,1106,116],{"class":108},[94,1108,962],{"class":331},[94,1110,1052],{"class":335},[94,1112,968],{"class":331},[94,1114,116],{"class":108},[94,1116,962],{"class":331},[94,1118,1033],{"class":335},[94,1120,968],{"class":331},[94,1122,127],{"class":108},[24,1124,1125],{},"This is a good choice when you only need the list in sorted form and do not care about keeping the old order.",[24,1127,1128,1129,168],{},"If your goal is the task itself, see ",[434,1130,1132],{"href":1131},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to sort a list in Python",[80,1134,1136,1139,1140,1143],{"id":1135},"reverse-and-key-work-with-both",[15,1137,1138],{},"reverse"," and ",[15,1141,1142],{},"key"," work with both",[24,1145,1146,1147,1139,1149,1151],{},"Both ",[15,1148,17],{},[15,1150,21],{}," support:",[28,1153,1154,1160],{},[31,1155,1156,1159],{},[15,1157,1158],{},"reverse=True"," for descending order",[31,1161,1162,1165],{},[15,1163,1164],{},"key=..."," for custom sorting rules",[24,1167,1168],{},"The sorting behavior is very similar. The main difference is still whether you get a new list or change the original one.",[265,1170,1172],{"id":1171},"example-descending-order","Example: descending order",[85,1174,1176],{"className":87,"code":1175,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,1177,1178,1198,1202,1228,1232,1250],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,1179,1180,1182,1184,1186,1188,1190,1192,1194,1196],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,1181,101],{"class":100},[94,1183,105],{"class":104},[94,1185,109],{"class":108},[94,1187,113],{"class":112},[94,1189,116],{"class":108},[94,1191,119],{"class":112},[94,1193,116],{"class":108},[94,1195,124],{"class":112},[94,1197,127],{"class":108},[94,1199,1200],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,1201,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,1203,1204,1206,1208,1210,1212,1214,1216,1220,1222,1226],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,1205,326],{"class":145},[94,1207,149],{"class":108},[94,1209,403],{"class":145},[94,1211,149],{"class":108},[94,1213,153],{"class":152},[94,1215,116],{"class":108},[94,1217,1219],{"class":1218},"s99_P"," reverse",[94,1221,105],{"class":104},[94,1223,1225],{"class":1224},"s39Yj","True",[94,1227,921],{"class":108},[94,1229,1230],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,1231,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,1233,1234,1236,1238,1240,1242,1244,1246,1248],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,1235,153],{"class":100},[94,1237,168],{"class":108},[94,1239,171],{"class":152},[94,1241,149],{"class":108},[94,1243,1138],{"class":1218},[94,1245,105],{"class":104},[94,1247,1225],{"class":1224},[94,1249,316],{"class":108},[94,1251,1252,1254,1256,1258],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,1253,326],{"class":145},[94,1255,149],{"class":108},[94,1257,153],{"class":152},[94,1259,316],{"class":108},[24,1261,1262],{},[43,1263,371],{},[85,1265,1267],{"className":87,"code":1266,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"[3, 2, 1]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,1268,1269,1285],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,1270,1271,1273,1275,1277,1279,1281,1283],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,1272,539],{"class":108},[94,1274,113],{"class":112},[94,1276,116],{"class":108},[94,1278,124],{"class":112},[94,1280,116],{"class":108},[94,1282,119],{"class":112},[94,1284,127],{"class":108},[94,1286,1287,1289,1291,1293,1295,1297,1299],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,1288,539],{"class":108},[94,1290,113],{"class":112},[94,1292,116],{"class":108},[94,1294,124],{"class":112},[94,1296,116],{"class":108},[94,1298,119],{"class":112},[94,1300,127],{"class":108},[265,1302,1304],{"id":1303},"example-case-insensitive-sorting","Example: case-insensitive sorting",[85,1306,1308],{"className":87,"code":1307,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words, key=str.lower))\n\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\nprint(words)\n",[15,1309,1310,1346,1350,1381,1385,1407],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,1311,1312,1315,1317,1319,1321,1324,1326,1328,1330,1333,1335,1337,1339,1342,1344],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,1313,1314],{"class":100},"words ",[94,1316,105],{"class":104},[94,1318,109],{"class":108},[94,1320,332],{"class":331},[94,1322,1323],{"class":335},"Banana",[94,1325,332],{"class":331},[94,1327,116],{"class":108},[94,1329,1040],{"class":331},[94,1331,1332],{"class":335},"apple",[94,1334,332],{"class":331},[94,1336,116],{"class":108},[94,1338,1040],{"class":331},[94,1340,1341],{"class":335},"Cherry",[94,1343,332],{"class":331},[94,1345,127],{"class":108},[94,1347,1348],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,1349,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,1351,1352,1354,1356,1358,1360,1363,1365,1368,1370,1373,1375,1379],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,1353,326],{"class":145},[94,1355,149],{"class":108},[94,1357,403],{"class":145},[94,1359,149],{"class":108},[94,1361,1362],{"class":152},"words",[94,1364,116],{"class":108},[94,1366,1367],{"class":1218}," key",[94,1369,105],{"class":104},[94,1371,1372],{"class":913},"str",[94,1374,168],{"class":108},[94,1376,1378],{"class":1377},"skxfh","lower",[94,1380,921],{"class":108},[94,1382,1383],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,1384,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,1386,1387,1389,1391,1393,1395,1397,1399,1401,1403,1405],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,1388,1362],{"class":100},[94,1390,168],{"class":108},[94,1392,171],{"class":152},[94,1394,149],{"class":108},[94,1396,1142],{"class":1218},[94,1398,105],{"class":104},[94,1400,1372],{"class":913},[94,1402,168],{"class":108},[94,1404,1378],{"class":1377},[94,1406,316],{"class":108},[94,1408,1409,1411,1413,1415],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,1410,326],{"class":145},[94,1412,149],{"class":108},[94,1414,1362],{"class":152},[94,1416,316],{"class":108},[24,1418,1419],{},[43,1420,371],{},[85,1422,1424],{"className":87,"code":1423,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,1425,1426,1454],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,1427,1428,1430,1432,1434,1436,1438,1440,1442,1444,1446,1448,1450,1452],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,1429,539],{"class":108},[94,1431,968],{"class":331},[94,1433,1332],{"class":335},[94,1435,968],{"class":331},[94,1437,116],{"class":108},[94,1439,962],{"class":331},[94,1441,1323],{"class":335},[94,1443,968],{"class":331},[94,1445,116],{"class":108},[94,1447,962],{"class":331},[94,1449,1341],{"class":335},[94,1451,968],{"class":331},[94,1453,127],{"class":108},[94,1455,1456,1458,1460,1462,1464,1466,1468,1470,1472,1474,1476,1478,1480],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,1457,539],{"class":108},[94,1459,968],{"class":331},[94,1461,1332],{"class":335},[94,1463,968],{"class":331},[94,1465,116],{"class":108},[94,1467,962],{"class":331},[94,1469,1323],{"class":335},[94,1471,968],{"class":331},[94,1473,116],{"class":108},[94,1475,962],{"class":331},[94,1477,1341],{"class":335},[94,1479,968],{"class":331},[94,1481,127],{"class":108},[24,1483,1484,1485,1488],{},"Using ",[15,1486,1487],{},"key=str.lower"," tells Python to compare words in lowercase form.",[24,1490,1491,1492,168],{},"For more advanced custom sorting, especially with dictionaries, see ",[434,1493,1495],{"href":1494},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-of-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","How to sort a list of dictionaries in Python",[80,1497,1499],{"id":1498},"beginner-mistakes-to-watch-for","Beginner mistakes to watch for",[24,1501,1502],{},"These are the most common problems beginners run into.",[265,1504,1506,1507,1509],{"id":1505},"mistake-1-assigning-listsort-to-a-variable","Mistake 1: Assigning ",[15,1508,21],{}," to a variable",[24,1511,1512],{},"This is probably the most common one.",[85,1514,1516],{"className":87,"code":1515,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,1517,1518,1538,1542,1556,1560,1570],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,1519,1520,1522,1524,1526,1528,1530,1532,1534,1536],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,1521,101],{"class":100},[94,1523,105],{"class":104},[94,1525,109],{"class":108},[94,1527,113],{"class":112},[94,1529,116],{"class":108},[94,1531,119],{"class":112},[94,1533,116],{"class":108},[94,1535,124],{"class":112},[94,1537,127],{"class":108},[94,1539,1540],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,1541,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,1543,1544,1546,1548,1550,1552,1554],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,1545,305],{"class":100},[94,1547,105],{"class":104},[94,1549,343],{"class":100},[94,1551,168],{"class":108},[94,1553,171],{"class":152},[94,1555,511],{"class":108},[94,1557,1558],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,1559,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,1561,1562,1564,1566,1568],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,1563,326],{"class":145},[94,1565,149],{"class":108},[94,1567,902],{"class":152},[94,1569,316],{"class":108},[94,1571,1572,1574,1576,1578],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,1573,326],{"class":145},[94,1575,149],{"class":108},[94,1577,153],{"class":152},[94,1579,316],{"class":108},[24,1581,1582],{},[43,1583,371],{},[85,1585,1587],{"className":87,"code":1586,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"None\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,1588,1589,1594],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,1590,1591],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,1592,1593],{"class":1224},"None\n",[94,1595,1596,1598,1600,1602,1604,1606,1608],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,1597,539],{"class":108},[94,1599,412],{"class":112},[94,1601,116],{"class":108},[94,1603,124],{"class":112},[94,1605,116],{"class":108},[94,1607,421],{"class":112},[94,1609,127],{"class":108},[24,1611,1612],{},"Why this happens:",[28,1614,1615,1620,1626],{},[31,1616,1617,1619],{},[15,1618,557],{}," sorts the list in place",[31,1621,1622,1623,1625],{},"it does ",[43,1624,45],{}," return the sorted list",[31,1627,1628,1629,1631,1632],{},"so ",[15,1630,902],{}," becomes ",[15,1633,77],{},[265,1635,1637,1638,1640],{"id":1636},"mistake-2-expecting-sorted-to-change-the-original-list","Mistake 2: Expecting ",[15,1639,17],{}," to change the original list",[85,1642,1644],{"className":87,"code":1643,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,1645,1646,1666,1670,1680,1684],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,1647,1648,1650,1652,1654,1656,1658,1660,1662,1664],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,1649,101],{"class":100},[94,1651,105],{"class":104},[94,1653,109],{"class":108},[94,1655,113],{"class":112},[94,1657,116],{"class":108},[94,1659,119],{"class":112},[94,1661,116],{"class":108},[94,1663,124],{"class":112},[94,1665,127],{"class":108},[94,1667,1668],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,1669,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,1671,1672,1674,1676,1678],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,1673,403],{"class":145},[94,1675,149],{"class":108},[94,1677,153],{"class":152},[94,1679,316],{"class":108},[94,1681,1682],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,1683,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,1685,1686,1688,1690,1692],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,1687,326],{"class":145},[94,1689,149],{"class":108},[94,1691,153],{"class":152},[94,1693,316],{"class":108},[24,1695,1696],{},[43,1697,371],{},[85,1699,1701],{"className":87,"code":1700,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"[3, 1, 2]\n",[15,1702,1703],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,1704,1705,1707,1709,1711,1713,1715,1717],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,1706,539],{"class":108},[94,1708,113],{"class":112},[94,1710,116],{"class":108},[94,1712,119],{"class":112},[94,1714,116],{"class":108},[94,1716,124],{"class":112},[94,1718,127],{"class":108},[24,1720,1721,1724],{},[15,1722,1723],{},"sorted(numbers)"," creates a new sorted list, but here the result is not saved anywhere.",[24,1726,1727],{},"Correct version:",[85,1729,1731],{"className":87,"code":1730,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n",[15,1732,1733,1753,1757,1772,1776],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,1734,1735,1737,1739,1741,1743,1745,1747,1749,1751],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,1736,101],{"class":100},[94,1738,105],{"class":104},[94,1740,109],{"class":108},[94,1742,113],{"class":112},[94,1744,116],{"class":108},[94,1746,119],{"class":112},[94,1748,116],{"class":108},[94,1750,124],{"class":112},[94,1752,127],{"class":108},[94,1754,1755],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,1756,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,1758,1759,1762,1764,1766,1768,1770],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,1760,1761],{"class":100},"new_numbers ",[94,1763,105],{"class":104},[94,1765,146],{"class":145},[94,1767,149],{"class":108},[94,1769,153],{"class":152},[94,1771,316],{"class":108},[94,1773,1774],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,1775,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,1777,1778,1780,1782,1785],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,1779,326],{"class":145},[94,1781,149],{"class":108},[94,1783,1784],{"class":152},"new_numbers",[94,1786,316],{"class":108},[265,1788,1790,1791,1793],{"id":1789},"mistake-3-trying-to-call-sort-on-a-tuple-or-string","Mistake 3: Trying to call ",[15,1792,449],{}," on a tuple or string",[85,1795,1797],{"className":87,"code":1796,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"python\"\ntext.sort()\n",[15,1798,1799,1813],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,1800,1801,1804,1806,1808,1810],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,1802,1803],{"class":100},"text ",[94,1805,105],{"class":104},[94,1807,1040],{"class":331},[94,1809,89],{"class":335},[94,1811,1812],{"class":331},"\"\n",[94,1814,1815,1818,1820,1822],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,1816,1817],{"class":100},"text",[94,1819,168],{"class":108},[94,1821,171],{"class":152},[94,1823,511],{"class":108},[24,1825,1826,1827,1829],{},"This will fail because strings do not have a ",[15,1828,449],{}," method.",[24,1831,1832,1834],{},[15,1833,449],{}," only works on lists.",[24,1836,1837,1838,1840,1841,168],{},"If you need to sort other iterable objects, use ",[15,1839,17],{},". This is easier to understand if you know what an iterable is, so you may also want to read ",[434,1842,1844],{"href":1843},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained\u002F","iterators and iterable objects explained",[265,1846,1848,1849,1851],{"id":1847},"mistake-4-forgetting-that-sorted-always-returns-a-list","Mistake 4: Forgetting that ",[15,1850,17],{}," always returns a list",[85,1853,1855],{"className":87,"code":1854,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"cab\"\nresult = sorted(text)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,1856,1857,1870,1884,1888,1898],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,1858,1859,1861,1863,1865,1868],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,1860,1803],{"class":100},[94,1862,105],{"class":104},[94,1864,1040],{"class":331},[94,1866,1867],{"class":335},"cab",[94,1869,1812],{"class":331},[94,1871,1872,1874,1876,1878,1880,1882],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,1873,305],{"class":100},[94,1875,105],{"class":104},[94,1877,146],{"class":145},[94,1879,149],{"class":108},[94,1881,1817],{"class":152},[94,1883,316],{"class":108},[94,1885,1886],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,1887,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,1889,1890,1892,1894,1896],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,1891,326],{"class":145},[94,1893,149],{"class":108},[94,1895,902],{"class":152},[94,1897,316],{"class":108},[94,1899,1900,1902,1904,1906,1908,1910],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,1901,326],{"class":145},[94,1903,149],{"class":108},[94,1905,914],{"class":913},[94,1907,149],{"class":108},[94,1909,902],{"class":152},[94,1911,921],{"class":108},[24,1913,1914],{},[43,1915,371],{},[85,1917,1919],{"className":87,"code":1918,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,1920,1921,1951],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,1922,1923,1925,1927,1929,1931,1933,1935,1938,1940,1942,1944,1947,1949],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,1924,539],{"class":108},[94,1926,968],{"class":331},[94,1928,434],{"class":335},[94,1930,968],{"class":331},[94,1932,116],{"class":108},[94,1934,962],{"class":331},[94,1936,1937],{"class":335},"b",[94,1939,968],{"class":331},[94,1941,116],{"class":108},[94,1943,962],{"class":331},[94,1945,1946],{"class":335},"c",[94,1948,968],{"class":331},[94,1950,127],{"class":108},[94,1952,1953,1955,1957,1959,1961,1963],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,1954,955],{"class":104},[94,1956,959],{"class":958},[94,1958,962],{"class":331},[94,1960,965],{"class":335},[94,1962,968],{"class":331},[94,1964,971],{"class":104},[24,1966,1967],{},"Even though the original value was a string, the result is still a list.",[80,1969,1971],{"id":1970},"common-causes-of-confusion","Common causes of confusion",[24,1973,1974],{},"Beginners usually mix these up for one of these reasons:",[28,1976,1977,1980,1986,1991,1997],{},[31,1978,1979],{},"confusing a function with a method",[31,1981,1982,1983,1985],{},"not knowing that ",[15,1984,449],{}," changes the list in place",[31,1987,1988,1989,1509],{},"assigning the result of ",[15,1990,21],{},[31,1992,1993,1994,1996],{},"trying to use ",[15,1995,449],{}," on non-list data types",[31,1998,1999,2000,2002],{},"expecting ",[15,2001,17],{}," to preserve the original data type, such as tuple or string",[24,2004,2005],{},"If something is not behaving the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[85,2007,2009],{"className":87,"code":2008,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(my_list)\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nresult = my_list.sort(); print(result)\nprint(type(my_data))\nhelp(sorted)\nhelp(list.sort)\n",[15,2010,2011,2021,2035,2061,2076,2087],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,2012,2013,2015,2017,2019],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,2014,326],{"class":145},[94,2016,149],{"class":108},[94,2018,594],{"class":152},[94,2020,316],{"class":108},[94,2022,2023,2025,2027,2029,2031,2033],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,2024,326],{"class":145},[94,2026,149],{"class":108},[94,2028,403],{"class":145},[94,2030,149],{"class":108},[94,2032,594],{"class":152},[94,2034,921],{"class":108},[94,2036,2037,2039,2041,2044,2046,2048,2050,2053,2055,2057,2059],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,2038,305],{"class":100},[94,2040,105],{"class":104},[94,2042,2043],{"class":100}," my_list",[94,2045,168],{"class":108},[94,2047,171],{"class":152},[94,2049,174],{"class":108},[94,2051,2052],{"class":100},"; ",[94,2054,326],{"class":145},[94,2056,149],{"class":108},[94,2058,902],{"class":152},[94,2060,316],{"class":108},[94,2062,2063,2065,2067,2069,2071,2074],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,2064,326],{"class":145},[94,2066,149],{"class":108},[94,2068,914],{"class":913},[94,2070,149],{"class":108},[94,2072,2073],{"class":152},"my_data",[94,2075,921],{"class":108},[94,2077,2078,2081,2083,2085],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,2079,2080],{"class":145},"help",[94,2082,149],{"class":108},[94,2084,403],{"class":145},[94,2086,316],{"class":108},[94,2088,2089,2091,2093,2095,2097,2099],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,2090,2080],{"class":145},[94,2092,149],{"class":108},[94,2094,965],{"class":913},[94,2096,168],{"class":108},[94,2098,171],{"class":1377},[94,2100,316],{"class":108},[24,2102,2103],{},"These are useful for checking:",[28,2105,2106,2109,2115,2123],{},[31,2107,2108],{},"whether your original list changed",[31,2110,2111,2112,2114],{},"what ",[15,2113,17],{}," returns",[31,2116,2117,2118,2120,2121],{},"whether ",[15,2119,449],{}," returned ",[15,2122,77],{},[31,2124,2125],{},"what type of object you are working with",[80,2127,2129],{"id":2128},"simple-rule-to-remember","Simple rule to remember",[24,2131,2132],{},"Use this rule:",[28,2134,2135,2143],{},[31,2136,2137,2138,2140,2141],{},"Need a ",[43,2139,60],{},": use ",[15,2142,17],{},[31,2144,2145,2146,2140,2149],{},"Need to ",[43,2147,2148],{},"change one list directly",[15,2150,21],{},[24,2152,2153,2154,2156],{},"For many beginners, ",[15,2155,17],{}," feels easier because it is more explicit and does not silently change the original list.",[80,2158,2160],{"id":2159},"faq","FAQ",[265,2162,2164,2165,2167,2168,2170],{"id":2163},"which-is-better-for-beginners-sorted-or-listsort","Which is better for beginners, ",[15,2166,17],{}," or ",[15,2169,21],{},"?",[24,2172,2173,2175],{},[15,2174,17],{}," is often easier to understand because it returns a new result and does not change the original data.",[265,2177,2179,2180,2182,2183,2170],{"id":2178},"why-does-listsort-return-none","Why does ",[15,2181,21],{}," return ",[15,2184,77],{},[24,2186,2187],{},"Because it changes the list directly instead of creating and returning a new sorted list.",[265,2189,2191,2192,2194],{"id":2190},"can-sorted-sort-a-tuple","Can ",[15,2193,17],{}," sort a tuple?",[24,2196,2197],{},"Yes. It can sort any iterable, but it returns a list.",[265,2199,2201,2202,2204],{"id":2200},"can-i-use-sort-on-a-string","Can I use ",[15,2203,449],{}," on a string?",[24,2206,2207,2208,2210,2211,2214],{},"No. ",[15,2209,449],{}," is a list method. Use ",[15,2212,2213],{},"sorted(string)"," if needed.",[265,2216,2218,2219,1139,2221,2223],{"id":2217},"do-sorted-and-sort-both-support-descending-order","Do ",[15,2220,17],{},[15,2222,449],{}," both support descending order?",[24,2225,2226,2227,168],{},"Yes. Both support ",[15,2228,1158],{},[80,2230,2232],{"id":2231},"see-also","See also",[28,2234,2235,2241,2247,2251,2255],{},[31,2236,2237],{},[434,2238,13,2239,439],{"href":436},[15,2240,17],{},[31,2242,2243],{},[434,2244,13,2245,567],{"href":564},[15,2246,21],{},[31,2248,2249],{},[434,2250,1132],{"href":1131},[31,2252,2253],{},[434,2254,1495],{"href":1494},[31,2256,2257],{},[434,2258,986],{"href":985},[2260,2261,2262],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":90,"searchDepth":130,"depth":130,"links":2264},[2265,2266,2267,2272,2277,2280,2284,2288,2293,2303,2304,2305,2317],{"id":82,"depth":130,"text":83},{"id":188,"depth":130,"text":189},{"id":214,"depth":130,"text":2268,"children":2269},"What sorted() does",[2270],{"id":267,"depth":137,"text":2271},"Example: sorted() keeps the original list unchanged",{"id":442,"depth":130,"text":2273,"children":2274},"What list.sort() does",[2275],{"id":468,"depth":137,"text":2276},"Example: list.sort() changes the original list",{"id":570,"depth":130,"text":571,"children":2278},[2279],{"id":598,"depth":137,"text":599},{"id":814,"depth":130,"text":2281,"children":2282},"When to use sorted()",[2283],{"id":839,"depth":137,"text":840},{"id":990,"depth":130,"text":2285,"children":2286},"When to use list.sort()",[2287],{"id":1013,"depth":137,"text":1014},{"id":1135,"depth":130,"text":2289,"children":2290},"reverse and key work with both",[2291,2292],{"id":1171,"depth":137,"text":1172},{"id":1303,"depth":137,"text":1304},{"id":1498,"depth":130,"text":1499,"children":2294},[2295,2297,2299,2301],{"id":1505,"depth":137,"text":2296},"Mistake 1: Assigning list.sort() to a variable",{"id":1636,"depth":137,"text":2298},"Mistake 2: Expecting sorted() to change the original list",{"id":1789,"depth":137,"text":2300},"Mistake 3: Trying to call sort() on a tuple or string",{"id":1847,"depth":137,"text":2302},"Mistake 4: Forgetting that sorted() always returns a list",{"id":1970,"depth":130,"text":1971},{"id":2128,"depth":130,"text":2129},{"id":2159,"depth":130,"text":2160,"children":2306},[2307,2309,2311,2313,2315],{"id":2163,"depth":137,"text":2308},"Which is better for beginners, sorted() or list.sort()?",{"id":2178,"depth":137,"text":2310},"Why does list.sort() return None?",{"id":2190,"depth":137,"text":2312},"Can sorted() sort a tuple?",{"id":2200,"depth":137,"text":2314},"Can I use sort() on a string?",{"id":2217,"depth":137,"text":2316},"Do sorted() and sort() both support descending order?",{"id":2231,"depth":130,"text":2232},"Master python sorted vs list.sort explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.","md",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained",{"title":5,"description":2318},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","X_9GbXWbpLil07A8gxuHLi2EoRTNXkAwL_w70GVpp14",[2326,3919,5612,7305,9443,11639,13153,15330,17537,19997,21836,24401,26498,28779,30726,32636,34632,36067,37895,40419,42580,43809,45180,46827,49148,50990,52970,54662,55914,57604,59355,61327,63077,65175,66535,68486,70049,72040,73835,75727,78169,80236,82875,84902,86865,89053,91056,93369,95050,96495,97689,98867,100707,103147,104851,106866,108390,109635,110798,112180,114249,116146,117920,119780,121708,123448,124910,126504,128427,130104,132039,133528,136312,137889,139448,141476,143428,144891,146080,147966,149377,151073,152627,154049,155452,157350,159744,161575],{"id":2327,"title":2328,"body":2329,"description":3913,"extension":2319,"meta":3914,"navigation":133,"path":3915,"seo":3916,"stem":3917,"__hash__":3918},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained.md","Python abs() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":2330,"toc":3885},[2331,2334,2341,2344,2355,2358,2362,2425,2427,2447,2452,2456,2461,2464,2480,2483,2508,2511,2515,2518,2534,2537,2564,2567,2625,2627,2642,2651,2662,2666,2669,2723,2725,2745,2748,2771,2778,2782,2787,2793,2795,2832,2834,2843,2849,2866,2869,2881,2885,2890,2894,2897,2917,2919,2977,2979,2987,2990,2994,3026,3028,3036,3039,3043,3048,3096,3098,3106,3110,3170,3172,3180,3183,3187,3191,3194,3217,3226,3241,3292,3294,3309,3320,3324,3327,3356,3363,3367,3372,3413,3415,3426,3429,3472,3474,3482,3486,3491,3513,3515,3524,3533,3537,3542,3564,3566,3636,3638,3685,3688,3691,3694,3773,3775,3805,3807,3811,3814,3818,3821,3825,3828,3832,3844,3848,3851,3853,3882],[10,2332,2328],{"id":2333},"python-abs-function-explained",[24,2335,2336,2337,2340],{},"The ",[15,2338,2339],{},"abs()"," function returns the absolute value of a number.",[24,2342,2343],{},"Beginners usually use it when they want:",[28,2345,2346,2349,2352],{},[31,2347,2348],{},"a number without its negative sign",[31,2350,2351],{},"the distance between two numbers",[31,2353,2354],{},"the size of a value without caring whether it is positive or negative",[24,2356,2357],{},"It works with common Python number types such as integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[80,2359,2361],{"id":2360},"quick-example","Quick example",[85,2363,2365],{"className":87,"code":2364,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(abs(-7))\nprint(abs(3.5))\nprint(abs(-2+3j))\n",[15,2366,2367,2386,2401],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,2368,2369,2371,2373,2376,2378,2381,2384],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,2370,326],{"class":145},[94,2372,149],{"class":108},[94,2374,2375],{"class":145},"abs",[94,2377,149],{"class":108},[94,2379,2380],{"class":104},"-",[94,2382,2383],{"class":112},"7",[94,2385,921],{"class":108},[94,2387,2388,2390,2392,2394,2396,2399],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,2389,326],{"class":145},[94,2391,149],{"class":108},[94,2393,2375],{"class":145},[94,2395,149],{"class":108},[94,2397,2398],{"class":112},"3.5",[94,2400,921],{"class":108},[94,2402,2403,2405,2407,2409,2411,2413,2415,2418,2420,2423],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,2404,326],{"class":145},[94,2406,149],{"class":108},[94,2408,2375],{"class":145},[94,2410,149],{"class":108},[94,2412,2380],{"class":104},[94,2414,763],{"class":112},[94,2416,2417],{"class":104},"+",[94,2419,113],{"class":112},[94,2421,2422],{"class":958},"j",[94,2424,921],{"class":108},[24,2426,371],{},[85,2428,2430],{"className":87,"code":2429,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"7\n3.5\n3.605551275463989\n",[15,2431,2432,2437,2442],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,2433,2434],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,2435,2436],{"class":112},"7\n",[94,2438,2439],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,2440,2441],{"class":112},"3.5\n",[94,2443,2444],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,2445,2446],{"class":112},"3.605551275463989\n",[24,2448,54,2449,2451],{},[15,2450,2339],{}," to get the absolute value of a number. For complex numbers, it returns the magnitude.",[80,2453,2455],{"id":2454},"what-abs-does","What abs() does",[24,2457,2458,2460],{},[15,2459,2339],{}," returns the absolute value of a number.",[24,2462,2463],{},"That means:",[28,2465,2466,2469,2472],{},[31,2467,2468],{},"negative integers and floats become positive",[31,2470,2471],{},"positive numbers stay the same",[31,2473,2474,2477,2478],{},[15,2475,2476],{},"0"," stays ",[15,2479,2476],{},[24,2481,2482],{},"Examples:",[28,2484,2485,2493,2501],{},[31,2486,2487,2490,2491],{},[15,2488,2489],{},"abs(-5)"," gives ",[15,2492,615],{},[31,2494,2495,2490,2498],{},[15,2496,2497],{},"abs(9)",[15,2499,2500],{},"9",[31,2502,2503,2490,2506],{},[15,2504,2505],{},"abs(0)",[15,2507,2476],{},[24,2509,2510],{},"This is useful when you care about how large a number is, but not whether it is positive or negative.",[80,2512,2514],{"id":2513},"basic-syntax","Basic syntax",[24,2516,2517],{},"The syntax is:",[85,2519,2521],{"className":87,"code":2520,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"abs(x)\n",[15,2522,2523],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,2524,2525,2527,2529,2532],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,2526,2375],{"class":145},[94,2528,149],{"class":108},[94,2530,2531],{"class":152},"x",[94,2533,316],{"class":108},[24,2535,2536],{},"Here:",[28,2538,2539,2556,2561],{},[31,2540,2541,2543,2544,2547,2548,2551,2552,2555],{},[15,2542,2531],{}," is usually an ",[15,2545,2546],{},"int",", ",[15,2549,2550],{},"float",", or ",[15,2553,2554],{},"complex"," number",[31,2557,2558,2560],{},[15,2559,2339],{}," returns a new value",[31,2562,2563],{},"it does not change the original variable",[24,2565,2566],{},"Example:",[85,2568,2570],{"className":87,"code":2569,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"number = -12\nresult = abs(number)\n\nprint(number)\nprint(result)\n",[15,2571,2572,2585,2601,2605,2615],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,2573,2574,2577,2579,2582],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,2575,2576],{"class":100},"number ",[94,2578,105],{"class":104},[94,2580,2581],{"class":104}," -",[94,2583,2584],{"class":112},"12\n",[94,2586,2587,2589,2591,2594,2596,2599],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,2588,305],{"class":100},[94,2590,105],{"class":104},[94,2592,2593],{"class":145}," abs",[94,2595,149],{"class":108},[94,2597,2598],{"class":152},"number",[94,2600,316],{"class":108},[94,2602,2603],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,2604,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,2606,2607,2609,2611,2613],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,2608,326],{"class":145},[94,2610,149],{"class":108},[94,2612,2598],{"class":152},[94,2614,316],{"class":108},[94,2616,2617,2619,2621,2623],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,2618,326],{"class":145},[94,2620,149],{"class":108},[94,2622,902],{"class":152},[94,2624,316],{"class":108},[24,2626,371],{},[85,2628,2630],{"className":87,"code":2629,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"-12\n12\n",[15,2631,2632,2638],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,2633,2634,2636],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,2635,2380],{"class":104},[94,2637,2584],{"class":112},[94,2639,2640],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,2641,2584],{"class":112},[24,2643,974,2644,2646,2647,2650],{},[15,2645,2598],{}," is still ",[15,2648,2649],{},"-12",". If you want to keep the absolute value, you must store it in a variable.",[24,2652,2653,2654,2661],{},"If you are not sure what type a value has, the ",[434,2655,2657,2660],{"href":2656},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained\u002F",[15,2658,2659],{},"type()"," function"," can help.",[80,2663,2665],{"id":2664},"examples-with-integers-and-floats","Examples with integers and floats",[24,2667,2668],{},"Here are some basic examples:",[85,2670,2672],{"className":87,"code":2671,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(abs(-10))\nprint(abs(8))\nprint(abs(-4.2))\n",[15,2673,2674,2691,2706],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,2675,2676,2678,2680,2682,2684,2686,2689],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,2677,326],{"class":145},[94,2679,149],{"class":108},[94,2681,2375],{"class":145},[94,2683,149],{"class":108},[94,2685,2380],{"class":104},[94,2687,2688],{"class":112},"10",[94,2690,921],{"class":108},[94,2692,2693,2695,2697,2699,2701,2704],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,2694,326],{"class":145},[94,2696,149],{"class":108},[94,2698,2375],{"class":145},[94,2700,149],{"class":108},[94,2702,2703],{"class":112},"8",[94,2705,921],{"class":108},[94,2707,2708,2710,2712,2714,2716,2718,2721],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,2709,326],{"class":145},[94,2711,149],{"class":108},[94,2713,2375],{"class":145},[94,2715,149],{"class":108},[94,2717,2380],{"class":104},[94,2719,2720],{"class":112},"4.2",[94,2722,921],{"class":108},[24,2724,371],{},[85,2726,2728],{"className":87,"code":2727,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"10\n8\n4.2\n",[15,2729,2730,2735,2740],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,2731,2732],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,2733,2734],{"class":112},"10\n",[94,2736,2737],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,2738,2739],{"class":112},"8\n",[94,2741,2742],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,2743,2744],{"class":112},"4.2\n",[24,2746,2747],{},"What each line does:",[28,2749,2750,2757,2764],{},[31,2751,2752,74,2755],{},[15,2753,2754],{},"abs(-10)",[15,2756,2688],{},[31,2758,2759,74,2762],{},[15,2760,2761],{},"abs(8)",[15,2763,2703],{},[31,2765,2766,74,2769],{},[15,2767,2768],{},"abs(-4.2)",[15,2770,2720],{},[24,2772,2773,2774,168],{},"This works because integers and floats are standard numeric types in Python. If you want a refresher, see ",[434,2775,2777],{"href":2776},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-numbers-explained-int-float-complex\u002F","Python numbers explained: int, float, complex",[80,2779,2781],{"id":2780},"example-with-complex-numbers","Example with complex numbers",[24,2783,2784,2786],{},[15,2785,2339],{}," also works with complex numbers.",[24,2788,2789,2790,2792],{},"For a complex number, it returns the distance from ",[15,2791,2476],{}," in the complex plane. You do not need advanced math to use this. In practice, it gives the size, or magnitude, of the complex number.",[24,2794,2566],{},[85,2796,2798],{"className":87,"code":2797,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"value = 3 + 4j\nprint(abs(value))\n",[15,2799,2800,2817],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,2801,2802,2805,2807,2809,2812,2814],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,2803,2804],{"class":100},"value ",[94,2806,105],{"class":104},[94,2808,421],{"class":112},[94,2810,2811],{"class":104}," +",[94,2813,624],{"class":112},[94,2815,2816],{"class":958},"j\n",[94,2818,2819,2821,2823,2825,2827,2830],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,2820,326],{"class":145},[94,2822,149],{"class":108},[94,2824,2375],{"class":145},[94,2826,149],{"class":108},[94,2828,2829],{"class":152},"value",[94,2831,921],{"class":108},[24,2833,371],{},[85,2835,2837],{"className":87,"code":2836,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"5.0\n",[15,2838,2839],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,2840,2841],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,2842,2836],{"class":112},[24,2844,2845,2846,2170],{},"Why ",[15,2847,2848],{},"5.0",[28,2850,2851,2856,2861],{},[31,2852,2853,2854],{},"the real part is ",[15,2855,113],{},[31,2857,2858,2859],{},"the imaginary part is ",[15,2860,857],{},[31,2862,2863,2864],{},"the magnitude is ",[15,2865,2848],{},[24,2867,2868],{},"For beginners, the main thing to remember is simple:",[28,2870,2871,2878],{},[31,2872,2873,2875,2876],{},[15,2874,2339],{}," on a complex number returns a ",[15,2877,2550],{},[31,2879,2880],{},"it gives the number's magnitude, not a complex number back",[80,2882,2884],{"id":2883},"common-beginner-uses","Common beginner uses",[24,2886,2887,2888,168],{},"Here are some common ways beginners use ",[15,2889,2339],{},[265,2891,2893],{"id":2892},"finding-the-distance-between-two-numbers","Finding the distance between two numbers",[24,2895,2896],{},"A very common pattern is:",[85,2898,2900],{"className":87,"code":2899,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"abs(a - b)\n",[15,2901,2902],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,2903,2904,2906,2908,2910,2912,2915],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,2905,2375],{"class":145},[94,2907,149],{"class":108},[94,2909,635],{"class":152},[94,2911,2380],{"class":104},[94,2913,2914],{"class":152}," b",[94,2916,316],{"class":108},[24,2918,2566],{},[85,2920,2922],{"className":87,"code":2921,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"a = 3\nb = 10\n\ndistance = abs(a - b)\nprint(distance)\n",[15,2923,2924,2933,2943,2947,2966],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,2925,2926,2928,2930],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,2927,635],{"class":100},[94,2929,105],{"class":104},[94,2931,2932],{"class":112}," 3\n",[94,2934,2935,2938,2940],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,2936,2937],{"class":100},"b ",[94,2939,105],{"class":104},[94,2941,2942],{"class":112}," 10\n",[94,2944,2945],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,2946,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,2948,2949,2952,2954,2956,2958,2960,2962,2964],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,2950,2951],{"class":100},"distance ",[94,2953,105],{"class":104},[94,2955,2593],{"class":145},[94,2957,149],{"class":108},[94,2959,635],{"class":152},[94,2961,2380],{"class":104},[94,2963,2914],{"class":152},[94,2965,316],{"class":108},[94,2967,2968,2970,2972,2975],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,2969,326],{"class":145},[94,2971,149],{"class":108},[94,2973,2974],{"class":152},"distance",[94,2976,316],{"class":108},[24,2978,371],{},[85,2980,2981],{"className":87,"code":2436,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,2982,2983],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,2984,2985],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,2986,2436],{"class":112},[24,2988,2989],{},"This tells you how far apart two numbers are.",[265,2991,2993],{"id":2992},"comparing-how-far-a-value-is-from-zero","Comparing how far a value is from zero",[85,2995,2997],{"className":87,"code":2996,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"temperature_change = -6\nprint(abs(temperature_change))\n",[15,2998,2999,3011],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,3000,3001,3004,3006,3008],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,3002,3003],{"class":100},"temperature_change ",[94,3005,105],{"class":104},[94,3007,2581],{"class":104},[94,3009,3010],{"class":112},"6\n",[94,3012,3013,3015,3017,3019,3021,3024],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,3014,326],{"class":145},[94,3016,149],{"class":108},[94,3018,2375],{"class":145},[94,3020,149],{"class":108},[94,3022,3023],{"class":152},"temperature_change",[94,3025,921],{"class":108},[24,3027,371],{},[85,3029,3030],{"className":87,"code":3010,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,3031,3032],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,3033,3034],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,3035,3010],{"class":112},[24,3037,3038],{},"This is useful when the size of the change matters more than the direction.",[265,3040,3042],{"id":3041},"working-with-negative-input-values-safely","Working with negative input values safely",[24,3044,3045,3046,2661],{},"If a user enters a negative number but your program needs a positive value, ",[15,3047,2339],{},[85,3049,3051],{"className":87,"code":3050,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"balance_change = -25\nsafe_value = abs(balance_change)\n\nprint(safe_value)\n",[15,3052,3053,3065,3081,3085],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,3054,3055,3058,3060,3062],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,3056,3057],{"class":100},"balance_change ",[94,3059,105],{"class":104},[94,3061,2581],{"class":104},[94,3063,3064],{"class":112},"25\n",[94,3066,3067,3070,3072,3074,3076,3079],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,3068,3069],{"class":100},"safe_value ",[94,3071,105],{"class":104},[94,3073,2593],{"class":145},[94,3075,149],{"class":108},[94,3077,3078],{"class":152},"balance_change",[94,3080,316],{"class":108},[94,3082,3083],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,3084,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,3086,3087,3089,3091,3094],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,3088,326],{"class":145},[94,3090,149],{"class":108},[94,3092,3093],{"class":152},"safe_value",[94,3095,316],{"class":108},[24,3097,371],{},[85,3099,3100],{"className":87,"code":3064,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,3101,3102],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,3103,3104],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,3105,3064],{"class":112},[265,3107,3109],{"id":3108},"checking-the-absolute-difference-in-simple-programs","Checking the absolute difference in simple programs",[85,3111,3113],{"className":87,"code":3112,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"guess = 42\ntarget = 50\n\ndifference = abs(guess - target)\nprint(difference)\n",[15,3114,3115,3125,3135,3139,3159],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,3116,3117,3120,3122],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,3118,3119],{"class":100},"guess ",[94,3121,105],{"class":104},[94,3123,3124],{"class":112}," 42\n",[94,3126,3127,3130,3132],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,3128,3129],{"class":100},"target ",[94,3131,105],{"class":104},[94,3133,3134],{"class":112}," 50\n",[94,3136,3137],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,3138,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,3140,3141,3144,3146,3148,3150,3152,3154,3157],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,3142,3143],{"class":100},"difference ",[94,3145,105],{"class":104},[94,3147,2593],{"class":145},[94,3149,149],{"class":108},[94,3151,3119],{"class":152},[94,3153,2380],{"class":104},[94,3155,3156],{"class":152}," target",[94,3158,316],{"class":108},[94,3160,3161,3163,3165,3168],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,3162,326],{"class":145},[94,3164,149],{"class":108},[94,3166,3167],{"class":152},"difference",[94,3169,316],{"class":108},[24,3171,371],{},[85,3173,3174],{"className":87,"code":2739,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,3175,3176],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,3177,3178],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,3179,2739],{"class":112},[24,3181,3182],{},"This is useful in guessing games, scoring programs, and simple comparisons.",[80,3184,3186],{"id":3185},"common-mistakes","Common mistakes",[265,3188,3190],{"id":3189},"passing-a-string-to-abs","Passing a string to abs()",[24,3192,3193],{},"This causes an error:",[85,3195,3197],{"className":87,"code":3196,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(abs(\"5\"))\n",[15,3198,3199],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,3200,3201,3203,3205,3207,3209,3211,3213,3215],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,3202,326],{"class":145},[94,3204,149],{"class":108},[94,3206,2375],{"class":145},[94,3208,149],{"class":108},[94,3210,332],{"class":331},[94,3212,615],{"class":335},[94,3214,332],{"class":331},[94,3216,921],{"class":108},[24,3218,3219,3222,3223,3225],{},[15,3220,3221],{},"\"5\""," is a string, not a number. ",[15,3224,2339],{}," needs a numeric value.",[24,3227,3228,3229,2167,3235,384],{},"Fix it by converting the string first with ",[434,3230,3232],{"href":3231},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained\u002F",[15,3233,3234],{},"int()",[434,3236,3238],{"href":3237},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained\u002F",[15,3239,3240],{},"float()",[85,3242,3244],{"className":87,"code":3243,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(abs(int(\"5\")))\nprint(abs(float(\"-3.2\")))\n",[15,3245,3246,3269],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,3247,3248,3250,3252,3254,3256,3258,3260,3262,3264,3266],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,3249,326],{"class":145},[94,3251,149],{"class":108},[94,3253,2375],{"class":145},[94,3255,149],{"class":108},[94,3257,2546],{"class":913},[94,3259,149],{"class":108},[94,3261,332],{"class":331},[94,3263,615],{"class":335},[94,3265,332],{"class":331},[94,3267,3268],{"class":108},")))\n",[94,3270,3271,3273,3275,3277,3279,3281,3283,3285,3288,3290],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,3272,326],{"class":145},[94,3274,149],{"class":108},[94,3276,2375],{"class":145},[94,3278,149],{"class":108},[94,3280,2550],{"class":913},[94,3282,149],{"class":108},[94,3284,332],{"class":331},[94,3286,3287],{"class":335},"-3.2",[94,3289,332],{"class":331},[94,3291,3268],{"class":108},[24,3293,371],{},[85,3295,3297],{"className":87,"code":3296,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"5\n3.2\n",[15,3298,3299,3304],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,3300,3301],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,3302,3303],{"class":112},"5\n",[94,3305,3306],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,3307,3308],{"class":112},"3.2\n",[24,3310,3311,3312,3315,3316,168],{},"If you are working with keyboard input, this mistake often happens because ",[15,3313,3314],{},"input()"," always returns a string. See ",[434,3317,3319],{"href":3318},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-int-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to an int in Python",[265,3321,3323],{"id":3322},"passing-a-list-or-dictionary","Passing a list or dictionary",[24,3325,3326],{},"Unsupported types also cause an error:",[85,3328,3330],{"className":87,"code":3329,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(abs([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,3331,3332],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,3333,3334,3336,3338,3340,3343,3345,3347,3349,3351,3353],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,3335,326],{"class":145},[94,3337,149],{"class":108},[94,3339,2375],{"class":145},[94,3341,3342],{"class":108},"([",[94,3344,412],{"class":112},[94,3346,116],{"class":108},[94,3348,124],{"class":112},[94,3350,116],{"class":108},[94,3352,421],{"class":112},[94,3354,3355],{"class":108},"]))\n",[24,3357,3358,3359,3362],{},"This raises a ",[15,3360,3361],{},"TypeError"," because lists do not have an absolute value.",[265,3364,3366],{"id":3365},"assuming-abs-changes-the-original-variable","Assuming abs() changes the original variable",[24,3368,3369,3371],{},[15,3370,2339],{}," does not update the variable by itself.",[85,3373,3375],{"className":87,"code":3374,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"x = -9\nabs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,3376,3377,3389,3399,3403],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,3378,3379,3382,3384,3386],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,3380,3381],{"class":100},"x ",[94,3383,105],{"class":104},[94,3385,2581],{"class":104},[94,3387,3388],{"class":112},"9\n",[94,3390,3391,3393,3395,3397],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,3392,2375],{"class":145},[94,3394,149],{"class":108},[94,3396,2531],{"class":152},[94,3398,316],{"class":108},[94,3400,3401],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,3402,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,3404,3405,3407,3409,3411],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,3406,326],{"class":145},[94,3408,149],{"class":108},[94,3410,2531],{"class":152},[94,3412,316],{"class":108},[24,3414,371],{},[85,3416,3418],{"className":87,"code":3417,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"-9\n",[15,3419,3420],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,3421,3422,3424],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,3423,2380],{"class":104},[94,3425,3388],{"class":112},[24,3427,3428],{},"If you want to store the result:",[85,3430,3432],{"className":87,"code":3431,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"x = -9\nx = abs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,3433,3434,3444,3458,3462],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,3435,3436,3438,3440,3442],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,3437,3381],{"class":100},[94,3439,105],{"class":104},[94,3441,2581],{"class":104},[94,3443,3388],{"class":112},[94,3445,3446,3448,3450,3452,3454,3456],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,3447,3381],{"class":100},[94,3449,105],{"class":104},[94,3451,2593],{"class":145},[94,3453,149],{"class":108},[94,3455,2531],{"class":152},[94,3457,316],{"class":108},[94,3459,3460],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,3461,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,3463,3464,3466,3468,3470],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,3465,326],{"class":145},[94,3467,149],{"class":108},[94,3469,2531],{"class":152},[94,3471,316],{"class":108},[24,3473,371],{},[85,3475,3476],{"className":87,"code":3388,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,3477,3478],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,3479,3480],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,3481,3388],{"class":112},[265,3483,3485],{"id":3484},"confusing-absolute-value-with-rounding","Confusing absolute value with rounding",[24,3487,3488,3490],{},[15,3489,2339],{}," does not round numbers.",[85,3492,3494],{"className":87,"code":3493,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(abs(-4.7))\n",[15,3495,3496],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,3497,3498,3500,3502,3504,3506,3508,3511],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,3499,326],{"class":145},[94,3501,149],{"class":108},[94,3503,2375],{"class":145},[94,3505,149],{"class":108},[94,3507,2380],{"class":104},[94,3509,3510],{"class":112},"4.7",[94,3512,921],{"class":108},[24,3514,371],{},[85,3516,3518],{"className":87,"code":3517,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"4.7\n",[15,3519,3520],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,3521,3522],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,3523,3517],{"class":112},[24,3525,3526,3527,3529,3530,3532],{},"If you expected ",[15,3528,615],{},", that is a different operation. ",[15,3531,2339],{}," removes the negative sign. It does not change the decimal part.",[80,3534,3536],{"id":3535},"return-values-and-types","Return values and types",[24,3538,3539,3541],{},[15,3540,2339],{}," returns different types depending on the input:",[28,3543,3544,3551,3558],{},[31,3545,3546,3548,3549],{},[15,3547,2546],{}," input → returns an ",[15,3550,2546],{},[31,3552,3553,3555,3556],{},[15,3554,2550],{}," input → returns a ",[15,3557,2550],{},[31,3559,3560,3555,3562],{},[15,3561,2554],{},[15,3563,2550],{},[24,3565,2566],{},[85,3567,3569],{"className":87,"code":3568,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(type(abs(-5)))\nprint(type(abs(-3.2)))\nprint(type(abs(3 + 4j)))\n",[15,3570,3571,3591,3612],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,3572,3573,3575,3577,3579,3581,3583,3585,3587,3589],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,3574,326],{"class":145},[94,3576,149],{"class":108},[94,3578,914],{"class":913},[94,3580,149],{"class":108},[94,3582,2375],{"class":145},[94,3584,149],{"class":108},[94,3586,2380],{"class":104},[94,3588,615],{"class":112},[94,3590,3268],{"class":108},[94,3592,3593,3595,3597,3599,3601,3603,3605,3607,3610],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,3594,326],{"class":145},[94,3596,149],{"class":108},[94,3598,914],{"class":913},[94,3600,149],{"class":108},[94,3602,2375],{"class":145},[94,3604,149],{"class":108},[94,3606,2380],{"class":104},[94,3608,3609],{"class":112},"3.2",[94,3611,3268],{"class":108},[94,3613,3614,3616,3618,3620,3622,3624,3626,3628,3630,3632,3634],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,3615,326],{"class":145},[94,3617,149],{"class":108},[94,3619,914],{"class":913},[94,3621,149],{"class":108},[94,3623,2375],{"class":145},[94,3625,149],{"class":108},[94,3627,113],{"class":112},[94,3629,2811],{"class":104},[94,3631,624],{"class":112},[94,3633,2422],{"class":958},[94,3635,3268],{"class":108},[24,3637,371],{},[85,3639,3641],{"className":87,"code":3640,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,3642,3643,3657,3671],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,3644,3645,3647,3649,3651,3653,3655],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,3646,955],{"class":104},[94,3648,959],{"class":958},[94,3650,962],{"class":331},[94,3652,2546],{"class":335},[94,3654,968],{"class":331},[94,3656,971],{"class":104},[94,3658,3659,3661,3663,3665,3667,3669],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,3660,955],{"class":104},[94,3662,959],{"class":958},[94,3664,962],{"class":331},[94,3666,2550],{"class":335},[94,3668,968],{"class":331},[94,3670,971],{"class":104},[94,3672,3673,3675,3677,3679,3681,3683],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,3674,955],{"class":104},[94,3676,959],{"class":958},[94,3678,962],{"class":331},[94,3680,2550],{"class":335},[94,3682,968],{"class":331},[94,3684,971],{"class":104},[24,3686,3687],{},"This matters because beginners often check value types while debugging.",[24,3689,3690],{},"If your value comes from user input, convert it first and then check the type if needed.",[24,3692,3693],{},"Useful debugging steps:",[85,3695,3697],{"className":87,"code":3696,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"value = \"-5\"\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nuser_input = \"-3.7\"\nprint(abs(float(user_input)))\n",[15,3698,3699,3712,3722,3736,3740,3754],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,3700,3701,3703,3705,3707,3710],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,3702,2804],{"class":100},[94,3704,105],{"class":104},[94,3706,1040],{"class":331},[94,3708,3709],{"class":335},"-5",[94,3711,1812],{"class":331},[94,3713,3714,3716,3718,3720],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,3715,326],{"class":145},[94,3717,149],{"class":108},[94,3719,2829],{"class":152},[94,3721,316],{"class":108},[94,3723,3724,3726,3728,3730,3732,3734],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,3725,326],{"class":145},[94,3727,149],{"class":108},[94,3729,914],{"class":913},[94,3731,149],{"class":108},[94,3733,2829],{"class":152},[94,3735,921],{"class":108},[94,3737,3738],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,3739,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,3741,3742,3745,3747,3749,3752],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,3743,3744],{"class":100},"user_input ",[94,3746,105],{"class":104},[94,3748,1040],{"class":331},[94,3750,3751],{"class":335},"-3.7",[94,3753,1812],{"class":331},[94,3755,3756,3758,3760,3762,3764,3766,3768,3771],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,3757,326],{"class":145},[94,3759,149],{"class":108},[94,3761,2375],{"class":145},[94,3763,149],{"class":108},[94,3765,2550],{"class":913},[94,3767,149],{"class":108},[94,3769,3770],{"class":152},"user_input",[94,3772,3268],{"class":108},[24,3774,371],{},[85,3776,3778],{"className":87,"code":3777,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"-5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n3.7\n",[15,3779,3780,3786,3800],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,3781,3782,3784],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,3783,2380],{"class":104},[94,3785,3303],{"class":112},[94,3787,3788,3790,3792,3794,3796,3798],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,3789,955],{"class":104},[94,3791,959],{"class":958},[94,3793,962],{"class":331},[94,3795,1372],{"class":335},[94,3797,968],{"class":331},[94,3799,971],{"class":104},[94,3801,3802],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,3803,3804],{"class":112},"3.7\n",[80,3806,2160],{"id":2159},[265,3808,3810],{"id":3809},"what-does-abs-mean-in-python","What does abs() mean in Python?",[24,3812,3813],{},"It returns the absolute value of a number. This means the value without a negative sign.",[265,3815,3817],{"id":3816},"does-abs-work-with-floats","Does abs() work with floats?",[24,3819,3820],{},"Yes. It works with integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[265,3822,3824],{"id":3823},"does-abs-change-the-original-variable","Does abs() change the original variable?",[24,3826,3827],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to store the result.",[265,3829,3831],{"id":3830},"why-does-absinput-give-an-error","Why does abs(input()) give an error?",[24,3833,3834,3836,3837,2167,3839,3841,3842,168],{},[15,3835,3314],{}," returns a string. Convert it first with ",[15,3838,3234],{},[15,3840,3240],{}," before using ",[15,3843,2339],{},[265,3845,3847],{"id":3846},"what-does-abs-return-for-a-complex-number","What does abs() return for a complex number?",[24,3849,3850],{},"It returns the magnitude as a float.",[80,3852,2232],{"id":2231},[28,3854,3855,3861,3867,3873,3878],{},[31,3856,3857],{},[434,3858,3859,439],{"href":3231},[15,3860,3234],{},[31,3862,3863],{},[434,3864,3865,439],{"href":3237},[15,3866,3240],{},[31,3868,3869],{},[434,3870,3871,439],{"href":2656},[15,3872,2659],{},[31,3874,3875],{},[434,3876,3877],{"href":3318},"How to convert a string to an int in Python",[31,3879,3880],{},[434,3881,2777],{"href":2776},[2260,3883,3884],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":90,"searchDepth":130,"depth":130,"links":3886},[3887,3888,3889,3890,3891,3892,3898,3904,3905,3912],{"id":2360,"depth":130,"text":2361},{"id":2454,"depth":130,"text":2455},{"id":2513,"depth":130,"text":2514},{"id":2664,"depth":130,"text":2665},{"id":2780,"depth":130,"text":2781},{"id":2883,"depth":130,"text":2884,"children":3893},[3894,3895,3896,3897],{"id":2892,"depth":137,"text":2893},{"id":2992,"depth":137,"text":2993},{"id":3041,"depth":137,"text":3042},{"id":3108,"depth":137,"text":3109},{"id":3185,"depth":130,"text":3186,"children":3899},[3900,3901,3902,3903],{"id":3189,"depth":137,"text":3190},{"id":3322,"depth":137,"text":3323},{"id":3365,"depth":137,"text":3366},{"id":3484,"depth":137,"text":3485},{"id":3535,"depth":130,"text":3536},{"id":2159,"depth":130,"text":2160,"children":3906},[3907,3908,3909,3910,3911],{"id":3809,"depth":137,"text":3810},{"id":3816,"depth":137,"text":3817},{"id":3823,"depth":137,"text":3824},{"id":3830,"depth":137,"text":3831},{"id":3846,"depth":137,"text":3847},{"id":2231,"depth":130,"text":2232},"Master python abs function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained",{"title":2328,"description":3913},"reference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained","xZAUASskbMCeUoHg_mObxnwl-ISSbujkBvQOGfQBzh4",{"id":3920,"title":3921,"body":3922,"description":5606,"extension":2319,"meta":5607,"navigation":133,"path":5608,"seo":5609,"stem":5610,"__hash__":5611},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained.md","Python all() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":3923,"toc":5570},[3924,3931,3937,3940,3956,3958,4011,4021,4026,4030,4048,4051,4068,4071,4075,4083,4100,4103,4142,4145,4152,4158,4235,4237,4268,4274,4278,4282,4321,4323,4332,4339,4343,4382,4384,4393,4403,4407,4460,4462,4470,4473,4476,4523,4525,4533,4539,4546,4551,4554,4557,4623,4625,4633,4636,4703,4705,4713,4727,4730,4741,4745,4751,4754,4756,4772,4774,4782,4785,4788,4791,4808,4811,4814,4844,4846,4859,4863,4867,4870,4885,4890,4893,4920,4927,4930,4969,4975,4981,4989,4992,5044,5051,5115,5120,5129,5132,5150,5156,5159,5301,5306,5311,5314,5325,5328,5379,5381,5389,5392,5451,5453,5461,5464,5474,5476,5483,5492,5499,5502,5508,5511,5520,5533,5535,5567],[10,3925,13,3927,3930],{"id":3926},"python-all-function-explained",[15,3928,3929],{},"all()"," Function Explained",[24,3932,3933,3934,3936],{},"Python’s ",[15,3935,3929],{}," function checks whether every item in an iterable is truthy.",[24,3938,3939],{},"It is a small function, but it causes a lot of beginner confusion because:",[28,3941,3942,3945,3948],{},[31,3943,3944],{},"it works with truthy and falsy values",[31,3946,3947],{},"it takes one iterable argument",[31,3949,3950,74,3953,3955],{},[15,3951,3952],{},"all([])",[15,3954,1225],{},", which often seems strange at first",[80,3957,83],{"id":82},[85,3959,3961],{"className":87,"code":3960,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(numbers)\nprint(result)  # True\n",[15,3962,3963,3983,3998],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,3964,3965,3967,3969,3971,3973,3975,3977,3979,3981],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,3966,101],{"class":100},[94,3968,105],{"class":104},[94,3970,109],{"class":108},[94,3972,412],{"class":112},[94,3974,116],{"class":108},[94,3976,124],{"class":112},[94,3978,116],{"class":108},[94,3980,421],{"class":112},[94,3982,127],{"class":108},[94,3984,3985,3987,3989,3992,3994,3996],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,3986,305],{"class":100},[94,3988,105],{"class":104},[94,3990,3991],{"class":145}," all",[94,3993,149],{"class":108},[94,3995,153],{"class":152},[94,3997,316],{"class":108},[94,3999,4000,4002,4004,4006,4008],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,4001,326],{"class":145},[94,4003,149],{"class":108},[94,4005,902],{"class":152},[94,4007,156],{"class":108},[94,4009,4010],{"class":159},"  # True\n",[24,4012,4013,74,4015,4017,4018,168],{},[15,4014,3929],{},[15,4016,1225],{}," only if every item in the iterable is truthy. If even one item is falsy, it returns ",[15,4019,4020],{},"False",[80,4022,215,4024,218],{"id":4023},"what-all-does",[15,4025,3929],{},[24,4027,4028,384],{},[15,4029,3929],{},[28,4031,4032,4035,4040,4045],{},[31,4033,4034],{},"checks every item in an iterable",[31,4036,463,4037,4039],{},[15,4038,1225],{}," if all items are truthy",[31,4041,463,4042,4044],{},[15,4043,4020],{}," if any item is falsy",[31,4046,4047],{},"works with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterables",[24,4049,4050],{},"Basic syntax:",[85,4052,4054],{"className":87,"code":4053,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"all(iterable)\n",[15,4055,4056],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,4057,4058,4061,4063,4066],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,4059,4060],{"class":145},"all",[94,4062,149],{"class":108},[94,4064,4065],{"class":152},"iterable",[94,4067,316],{"class":108},[24,4069,4070],{},"The argument must be a single iterable, not several separate values.",[80,4072,4074],{"id":4073},"what-truthy-and-falsy-mean","What truthy and falsy mean",[24,4076,4077,4078,2167,4080,4082],{},"In Python, values are often treated as either ",[15,4079,1225],{},[15,4081,4020],{}," in conditions.",[28,4084,4085,4093],{},[31,4086,4087,4090,4091],{},[43,4088,4089],{},"Truthy"," values act like ",[15,4092,1225],{},[31,4094,4095,4090,4098],{},[43,4096,4097],{},"Falsy",[15,4099,4020],{},[24,4101,4102],{},"Common falsy values include:",[28,4104,4105,4109,4114,4119,4123,4127,4132,4137],{},[31,4106,4107],{},[15,4108,2476],{},[31,4110,4111],{},[15,4112,4113],{},"0.0",[31,4115,4116],{},[15,4117,4118],{},"''",[31,4120,4121],{},[15,4122,77],{},[31,4124,4125],{},[15,4126,4020],{},[31,4128,4129],{},[15,4130,4131],{},"[]",[31,4133,4134],{},[15,4135,4136],{},"{}",[31,4138,4139],{},[15,4140,4141],{},"set()",[24,4143,4144],{},"Most other values are truthy.",[24,4146,4147,4148,168],{},"If you are new to this idea, see ",[434,4149,4151],{"href":4150},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false","Python booleans explained: true and false",[24,4153,4154,4155,384],{},"You can test this with ",[15,4156,4157],{},"bool()",[85,4159,4161],{"className":87,"code":4160,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"values = [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]\n\nprint([bool(x) for x in values])\n",[15,4162,4163,4200,4204],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,4164,4165,4168,4170,4172,4174,4176,4179,4181,4184,4186,4188,4191,4193,4195,4198],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,4166,4167],{"class":100},"values ",[94,4169,105],{"class":104},[94,4171,109],{"class":108},[94,4173,412],{"class":112},[94,4175,116],{"class":108},[94,4177,4178],{"class":112}," 0",[94,4180,116],{"class":108},[94,4182,4183],{"class":331}," ''",[94,4185,116],{"class":108},[94,4187,962],{"class":331},[94,4189,4190],{"class":335},"hello",[94,4192,968],{"class":331},[94,4194,116],{"class":108},[94,4196,4197],{"class":1224}," None",[94,4199,127],{"class":108},[94,4201,4202],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,4203,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,4205,4206,4208,4210,4213,4215,4217,4219,4223,4226,4229,4232],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,4207,326],{"class":145},[94,4209,3342],{"class":108},[94,4211,4212],{"class":913},"bool",[94,4214,149],{"class":108},[94,4216,2531],{"class":152},[94,4218,156],{"class":108},[94,4220,4222],{"class":4221},"sVHd0"," for",[94,4224,4225],{"class":152}," x ",[94,4227,4228],{"class":4221},"in",[94,4230,4231],{"class":152}," values",[94,4233,4234],{"class":108},"])\n",[24,4236,371],{},[85,4238,4240],{"className":87,"code":4239,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"[True, False, False, True, False]\n",[15,4241,4242],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,4243,4244,4246,4248,4250,4253,4255,4257,4259,4262,4264,4266],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,4245,539],{"class":108},[94,4247,1225],{"class":1224},[94,4249,116],{"class":108},[94,4251,4252],{"class":1224}," False",[94,4254,116],{"class":108},[94,4256,4252],{"class":1224},[94,4258,116],{"class":108},[94,4260,4261],{"class":1224}," True",[94,4263,116],{"class":108},[94,4265,4252],{"class":1224},[94,4267,127],{"class":108},[24,4269,4270,4271,4273],{},"This matters because ",[15,4272,3929],{}," does not compare values. It checks whether each value is truthy.",[80,4275,4277],{"id":4276},"basic-examples","Basic examples",[265,4279,4281],{"id":4280},"example-all-numbers-are-non-zero","Example: all numbers are non-zero",[85,4283,4285],{"className":87,"code":4284,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4286,4287,4307],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,4288,4289,4291,4293,4295,4297,4299,4301,4303,4305],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,4290,101],{"class":100},[94,4292,105],{"class":104},[94,4294,109],{"class":108},[94,4296,412],{"class":112},[94,4298,116],{"class":108},[94,4300,124],{"class":112},[94,4302,116],{"class":108},[94,4304,421],{"class":112},[94,4306,127],{"class":108},[94,4308,4309,4311,4313,4315,4317,4319],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,4310,326],{"class":145},[94,4312,149],{"class":108},[94,4314,4060],{"class":145},[94,4316,149],{"class":108},[94,4318,153],{"class":152},[94,4320,921],{"class":108},[24,4322,371],{},[85,4324,4326],{"className":87,"code":4325,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"True\n",[15,4327,4328],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,4329,4330],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,4331,4325],{"class":1224},[24,4333,4334,4335,74,4337,168],{},"Each number is truthy, so ",[15,4336,3929],{},[15,4338,1225],{},[265,4340,4342],{"id":4341},"example-one-number-is-zero","Example: one number is zero",[85,4344,4346],{"className":87,"code":4345,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [1, 0, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4347,4348,4368],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,4349,4350,4352,4354,4356,4358,4360,4362,4364,4366],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,4351,101],{"class":100},[94,4353,105],{"class":104},[94,4355,109],{"class":108},[94,4357,412],{"class":112},[94,4359,116],{"class":108},[94,4361,4178],{"class":112},[94,4363,116],{"class":108},[94,4365,421],{"class":112},[94,4367,127],{"class":108},[94,4369,4370,4372,4374,4376,4378,4380],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,4371,326],{"class":145},[94,4373,149],{"class":108},[94,4375,4060],{"class":145},[94,4377,149],{"class":108},[94,4379,153],{"class":152},[94,4381,921],{"class":108},[24,4383,371],{},[85,4385,4387],{"className":87,"code":4386,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"False\n",[15,4388,4389],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,4390,4391],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,4392,4386],{"class":1224},[24,4394,4395,4396,4398,4399,74,4401,168],{},"The value ",[15,4397,2476],{}," is falsy, so ",[15,4400,3929],{},[15,4402,4020],{},[265,4404,4406],{"id":4405},"example-strings","Example: strings",[85,4408,4410],{"className":87,"code":4409,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"words = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,4411,4412,4446],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,4413,4414,4416,4418,4420,4422,4424,4426,4428,4430,4433,4435,4437,4439,4442,4444],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,4415,1314],{"class":100},[94,4417,105],{"class":104},[94,4419,109],{"class":108},[94,4421,968],{"class":331},[94,4423,1332],{"class":335},[94,4425,968],{"class":331},[94,4427,116],{"class":108},[94,4429,962],{"class":331},[94,4431,4432],{"class":335},"banana",[94,4434,968],{"class":331},[94,4436,116],{"class":108},[94,4438,962],{"class":331},[94,4440,4441],{"class":335},"cherry",[94,4443,968],{"class":331},[94,4445,127],{"class":108},[94,4447,4448,4450,4452,4454,4456,4458],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,4449,326],{"class":145},[94,4451,149],{"class":108},[94,4453,4060],{"class":145},[94,4455,149],{"class":108},[94,4457,1362],{"class":152},[94,4459,921],{"class":108},[24,4461,371],{},[85,4463,4464],{"className":87,"code":4325,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,4465,4466],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,4467,4468],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,4469,4325],{"class":1224},[24,4471,4472],{},"All strings are non-empty, so they are truthy.",[24,4474,4475],{},"Now look at a list with an empty string:",[85,4477,4479],{"className":87,"code":4478,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"words = ['apple', '', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,4480,4481,4509],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,4482,4483,4485,4487,4489,4491,4493,4495,4497,4499,4501,4503,4505,4507],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,4484,1314],{"class":100},[94,4486,105],{"class":104},[94,4488,109],{"class":108},[94,4490,968],{"class":331},[94,4492,1332],{"class":335},[94,4494,968],{"class":331},[94,4496,116],{"class":108},[94,4498,4183],{"class":331},[94,4500,116],{"class":108},[94,4502,962],{"class":331},[94,4504,4441],{"class":335},[94,4506,968],{"class":331},[94,4508,127],{"class":108},[94,4510,4511,4513,4515,4517,4519,4521],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,4512,326],{"class":145},[94,4514,149],{"class":108},[94,4516,4060],{"class":145},[94,4518,149],{"class":108},[94,4520,1362],{"class":152},[94,4522,921],{"class":108},[24,4524,371],{},[85,4526,4527],{"className":87,"code":4386,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,4528,4529],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,4530,4531],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,4532,4386],{"class":1224},[24,4534,4535,4536,4538],{},"The empty string ",[15,4537,4118],{}," is falsy.",[80,4540,4542,4543,4545],{"id":4541},"how-all-works-with-conditions","How ",[15,4544,3929],{}," works with conditions",[24,4547,4548,4550],{},[15,4549,3929],{}," is often used with a generator expression.",[24,4552,4553],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether every item matches a rule.",[24,4555,4556],{},"For example, to check whether all numbers are positive:",[85,4558,4560],{"className":87,"code":4559,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,4561,4562,4582,4609,4613],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,4563,4564,4566,4568,4570,4572,4574,4576,4578,4580],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,4565,101],{"class":100},[94,4567,105],{"class":104},[94,4569,109],{"class":108},[94,4571,412],{"class":112},[94,4573,116],{"class":108},[94,4575,124],{"class":112},[94,4577,116],{"class":108},[94,4579,421],{"class":112},[94,4581,127],{"class":108},[94,4583,4584,4586,4588,4590,4592,4594,4597,4599,4601,4603,4605,4607],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,4585,305],{"class":100},[94,4587,105],{"class":104},[94,4589,3991],{"class":145},[94,4591,149],{"class":108},[94,4593,3381],{"class":152},[94,4595,4596],{"class":104},">",[94,4598,4178],{"class":112},[94,4600,4222],{"class":4221},[94,4602,4225],{"class":152},[94,4604,4228],{"class":4221},[94,4606,343],{"class":152},[94,4608,316],{"class":108},[94,4610,4611],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,4612,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,4614,4615,4617,4619,4621],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,4616,326],{"class":145},[94,4618,149],{"class":108},[94,4620,902],{"class":152},[94,4622,316],{"class":108},[24,4624,371],{},[85,4626,4627],{"className":87,"code":4325,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,4628,4629],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,4630,4631],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,4632,4325],{"class":1224},[24,4634,4635],{},"Here is one that fails:",[85,4637,4639],{"className":87,"code":4638,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [1, -2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,4640,4641,4663,4689,4693],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,4642,4643,4645,4647,4649,4651,4653,4655,4657,4659,4661],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,4644,101],{"class":100},[94,4646,105],{"class":104},[94,4648,109],{"class":108},[94,4650,412],{"class":112},[94,4652,116],{"class":108},[94,4654,2581],{"class":104},[94,4656,763],{"class":112},[94,4658,116],{"class":108},[94,4660,421],{"class":112},[94,4662,127],{"class":108},[94,4664,4665,4667,4669,4671,4673,4675,4677,4679,4681,4683,4685,4687],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,4666,305],{"class":100},[94,4668,105],{"class":104},[94,4670,3991],{"class":145},[94,4672,149],{"class":108},[94,4674,3381],{"class":152},[94,4676,4596],{"class":104},[94,4678,4178],{"class":112},[94,4680,4222],{"class":4221},[94,4682,4225],{"class":152},[94,4684,4228],{"class":4221},[94,4686,343],{"class":152},[94,4688,316],{"class":108},[94,4690,4691],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,4692,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,4694,4695,4697,4699,4701],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,4696,326],{"class":145},[94,4698,149],{"class":108},[94,4700,902],{"class":152},[94,4702,316],{"class":108},[24,4704,371],{},[85,4706,4707],{"className":87,"code":4386,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,4708,4709],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,4710,4711],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,4712,4386],{"class":1224},[24,4714,4715,4716,4719,4720,4722,4723,74,4725,168],{},"The expression ",[15,4717,4718],{},"x > 0"," is checked for each number. If every check is ",[15,4721,1225],{},", then ",[15,4724,3929],{},[15,4726,1225],{},[24,4728,4729],{},"This pattern keeps code short and readable.",[24,4731,4732,4733,1139,4737,168],{},"If you want more practice with this style, see ",[434,4734,4736],{"href":4735},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-list-comprehensions-in-python","how to use list comprehensions in Python",[434,4738,4740],{"href":4739},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-an-iterable-in-python","what is an iterable in Python",[80,4742,4744],{"id":4743},"empty-iterable-behavior","Empty iterable behavior",[24,4746,4747,74,4749,168],{},[15,4748,3952],{},[15,4750,1225],{},[24,4752,4753],{},"This surprises many beginners.",[24,4755,2566],{},[85,4757,4759],{"className":87,"code":4758,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(all([]))\n",[15,4760,4761],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,4762,4763,4765,4767,4769],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,4764,326],{"class":145},[94,4766,149],{"class":108},[94,4768,4060],{"class":145},[94,4770,4771],{"class":108},"([]))\n",[24,4773,371],{},[85,4775,4776],{"className":87,"code":4325,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,4777,4778],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,4779,4780],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,4781,4325],{"class":1224},[24,4783,4784],{},"Why?",[24,4786,4787],{},"Because there is no item in the iterable that fails the test.",[24,4789,4790],{},"Think of it this way:",[28,4792,4793,4800,4803],{},[31,4794,4795,74,4797,4799],{},[15,4796,3929],{},[15,4798,4020],{}," when it finds a falsy item",[31,4801,4802],{},"an empty iterable has no items at all",[31,4804,4805,4806],{},"so there is nothing that makes it return ",[15,4807,4020],{},[24,4809,4810],{},"This is normal Python behavior, even if it feels odd at first.",[24,4812,4813],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables too:",[85,4815,4817],{"className":87,"code":4816,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(all(()))\nprint(all(''))\n",[15,4818,4819,4830],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,4820,4821,4823,4825,4827],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,4822,326],{"class":145},[94,4824,149],{"class":108},[94,4826,4060],{"class":145},[94,4828,4829],{"class":108},"(()))\n",[94,4831,4832,4834,4836,4838,4840,4842],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,4833,326],{"class":145},[94,4835,149],{"class":108},[94,4837,4060],{"class":145},[94,4839,149],{"class":108},[94,4841,4118],{"class":331},[94,4843,921],{"class":108},[24,4845,371],{},[85,4847,4849],{"className":87,"code":4848,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"True\nTrue\n",[15,4850,4851,4855],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,4852,4853],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,4854,4325],{"class":1224},[94,4856,4857],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,4858,4325],{"class":1224},[80,4860,4862],{"id":4861},"common-beginner-mistakes","Common beginner mistakes",[265,4864,4866],{"id":4865},"passing-multiple-arguments","Passing multiple arguments",[24,4868,4869],{},"This is wrong:",[85,4871,4873],{"className":87,"code":4872,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"# Wrong\n# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[15,4874,4875,4880],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,4876,4877],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,4878,4879],{"class":159},"# Wrong\n",[94,4881,4882],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,4883,4884],{"class":159},"# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[24,4886,4887,4889],{},[15,4888,3929],{}," does not take multiple separate values.",[24,4891,4892],{},"Use one iterable instead:",[85,4894,4896],{"className":87,"code":4895,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,4897,4898],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,4899,4900,4902,4904,4906,4908,4910,4912,4914,4916,4918],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,4901,326],{"class":145},[94,4903,149],{"class":108},[94,4905,4060],{"class":145},[94,4907,3342],{"class":108},[94,4909,412],{"class":112},[94,4911,116],{"class":108},[94,4913,124],{"class":112},[94,4915,116],{"class":108},[94,4917,421],{"class":112},[94,4919,3355],{"class":108},[265,4921,4923,4924,4926],{"id":4922},"assuming-all-compares-values-automatically","Assuming ",[15,4925,3929],{}," compares values automatically",[24,4928,4929],{},"Some beginners expect this:",[85,4931,4933],{"className":87,"code":4932,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4934,4935,4955],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,4936,4937,4939,4941,4943,4945,4947,4949,4951,4953],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,4938,101],{"class":100},[94,4940,105],{"class":104},[94,4942,109],{"class":108},[94,4944,615],{"class":112},[94,4946,116],{"class":108},[94,4948,772],{"class":112},[94,4950,116],{"class":108},[94,4952,772],{"class":112},[94,4954,127],{"class":108},[94,4956,4957,4959,4961,4963,4965,4967],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,4958,326],{"class":145},[94,4960,149],{"class":108},[94,4962,4060],{"class":145},[94,4964,149],{"class":108},[94,4966,153],{"class":152},[94,4968,921],{"class":108},[24,4970,4971,4972,4974],{},"This does ",[43,4973,45],{}," check whether all values are equal.",[24,4976,4977,4978,4980],{},"It only checks whether all values are truthy. Since ",[15,4979,615],{}," is truthy, the result is:",[85,4982,4983],{"className":87,"code":4325,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,4984,4985],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,4986,4987],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,4988,4325],{"class":1224},[24,4990,4991],{},"If you want to check whether all values are equal, you need a condition:",[85,4993,4995],{"className":87,"code":4994,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(x == 5 for x in numbers))\n",[15,4996,4997,5017],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,4998,4999,5001,5003,5005,5007,5009,5011,5013,5015],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,5000,101],{"class":100},[94,5002,105],{"class":104},[94,5004,109],{"class":108},[94,5006,615],{"class":112},[94,5008,116],{"class":108},[94,5010,772],{"class":112},[94,5012,116],{"class":108},[94,5014,772],{"class":112},[94,5016,127],{"class":108},[94,5018,5019,5021,5023,5025,5027,5029,5032,5034,5036,5038,5040,5042],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,5020,326],{"class":145},[94,5022,149],{"class":108},[94,5024,4060],{"class":145},[94,5026,149],{"class":108},[94,5028,3381],{"class":152},[94,5030,5031],{"class":104},"==",[94,5033,772],{"class":112},[94,5035,4222],{"class":4221},[94,5037,4225],{"class":152},[94,5039,4228],{"class":4221},[94,5041,343],{"class":152},[94,5043,921],{"class":108},[265,5045,5047,5048,5050],{"id":5046},"forgetting-that-0-and-empty-strings-are-falsy","Forgetting that ",[15,5049,2476],{}," and empty strings are falsy",[85,5052,5054],{"className":87,"code":5053,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(all([1, 2, 0]))       # False\nprint(all(['a', 'b', '']))  # False\n",[15,5055,5056,5082],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,5057,5058,5060,5062,5064,5066,5068,5070,5072,5074,5076,5079],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,5059,326],{"class":145},[94,5061,149],{"class":108},[94,5063,4060],{"class":145},[94,5065,3342],{"class":108},[94,5067,412],{"class":112},[94,5069,116],{"class":108},[94,5071,124],{"class":112},[94,5073,116],{"class":108},[94,5075,4178],{"class":112},[94,5077,5078],{"class":108},"]))",[94,5080,5081],{"class":159},"       # False\n",[94,5083,5084,5086,5088,5090,5092,5094,5096,5098,5100,5102,5104,5106,5108,5110,5112],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,5085,326],{"class":145},[94,5087,149],{"class":108},[94,5089,4060],{"class":145},[94,5091,3342],{"class":108},[94,5093,968],{"class":331},[94,5095,434],{"class":335},[94,5097,968],{"class":331},[94,5099,116],{"class":108},[94,5101,962],{"class":331},[94,5103,1937],{"class":335},[94,5105,968],{"class":331},[94,5107,116],{"class":108},[94,5109,4183],{"class":331},[94,5111,5078],{"class":108},[94,5113,5114],{"class":159},"  # False\n",[24,5116,5117,5118,168],{},"A single falsy value makes the whole result ",[15,5119,4020],{},[265,5121,5123,5124,5126,5127],{"id":5122},"not-understanding-why-all-is-true","Not understanding why ",[15,5125,3952],{}," is ",[15,5128,1225],{},[24,5130,5131],{},"This is expected behavior:",[85,5133,5135],{"className":87,"code":5134,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(all([]))  # True\n",[15,5136,5137],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,5138,5139,5141,5143,5145,5148],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,5140,326],{"class":145},[94,5142,149],{"class":108},[94,5144,4060],{"class":145},[94,5146,5147],{"class":108},"([]))",[94,5149,4010],{"class":159},[24,5151,5152,5153,5155],{},"It does not mean the list contains ",[15,5154,1225],{},". It means there is no item that fails the check.",[24,5157,5158],{},"Useful quick tests:",[85,5160,5162],{"className":87,"code":5161,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([1, 0, 3]))\nprint([bool(x) for x in [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]])\nprint(all(x > 0 for x in [1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([]))\n",[15,5163,5164,5186,5208,5255,5291],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,5165,5166,5168,5170,5172,5174,5176,5178,5180,5182,5184],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,5167,326],{"class":145},[94,5169,149],{"class":108},[94,5171,4060],{"class":145},[94,5173,3342],{"class":108},[94,5175,412],{"class":112},[94,5177,116],{"class":108},[94,5179,124],{"class":112},[94,5181,116],{"class":108},[94,5183,421],{"class":112},[94,5185,3355],{"class":108},[94,5187,5188,5190,5192,5194,5196,5198,5200,5202,5204,5206],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,5189,326],{"class":145},[94,5191,149],{"class":108},[94,5193,4060],{"class":145},[94,5195,3342],{"class":108},[94,5197,412],{"class":112},[94,5199,116],{"class":108},[94,5201,4178],{"class":112},[94,5203,116],{"class":108},[94,5205,421],{"class":112},[94,5207,3355],{"class":108},[94,5209,5210,5212,5214,5216,5218,5220,5222,5224,5226,5228,5230,5232,5234,5236,5238,5240,5242,5244,5246,5248,5250,5252],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,5211,326],{"class":145},[94,5213,3342],{"class":108},[94,5215,4212],{"class":913},[94,5217,149],{"class":108},[94,5219,2531],{"class":152},[94,5221,156],{"class":108},[94,5223,4222],{"class":4221},[94,5225,4225],{"class":152},[94,5227,4228],{"class":4221},[94,5229,109],{"class":108},[94,5231,412],{"class":112},[94,5233,116],{"class":108},[94,5235,4178],{"class":112},[94,5237,116],{"class":108},[94,5239,4183],{"class":331},[94,5241,116],{"class":108},[94,5243,962],{"class":331},[94,5245,4190],{"class":335},[94,5247,968],{"class":331},[94,5249,116],{"class":108},[94,5251,4197],{"class":1224},[94,5253,5254],{"class":108},"]])\n",[94,5256,5257,5259,5261,5263,5265,5267,5269,5271,5273,5275,5277,5279,5281,5283,5285,5287,5289],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,5258,326],{"class":145},[94,5260,149],{"class":108},[94,5262,4060],{"class":145},[94,5264,149],{"class":108},[94,5266,3381],{"class":152},[94,5268,4596],{"class":104},[94,5270,4178],{"class":112},[94,5272,4222],{"class":4221},[94,5274,4225],{"class":152},[94,5276,4228],{"class":4221},[94,5278,109],{"class":108},[94,5280,412],{"class":112},[94,5282,116],{"class":108},[94,5284,124],{"class":112},[94,5286,116],{"class":108},[94,5288,421],{"class":112},[94,5290,3355],{"class":108},[94,5292,5293,5295,5297,5299],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,5294,326],{"class":145},[94,5296,149],{"class":108},[94,5298,4060],{"class":145},[94,5300,4771],{"class":108},[80,5302,815,5304],{"id":5303},"when-to-use-all",[15,5305,3929],{},[24,5307,5308,5310],{},[15,5309,3929],{}," is useful when you want to check that every item passes a simple test.",[24,5312,5313],{},"Common use cases:",[28,5315,5316,5319,5322],{},[31,5317,5318],{},"check if every string in a list is non-empty",[31,5320,5321],{},"validate that all numbers meet a condition",[31,5323,5324],{},"make sure all values are valid before processing data",[24,5326,5327],{},"Example: check that every name is non-empty",[85,5329,5331],{"className":87,"code":5330,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"names = ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\nprint(all(names))\n",[15,5332,5333,5365],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,5334,5335,5337,5339,5341,5343,5345,5347,5349,5351,5353,5355,5357,5359,5361,5363],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,5336,1024],{"class":100},[94,5338,105],{"class":104},[94,5340,109],{"class":108},[94,5342,968],{"class":331},[94,5344,1043],{"class":335},[94,5346,968],{"class":331},[94,5348,116],{"class":108},[94,5350,962],{"class":331},[94,5352,1052],{"class":335},[94,5354,968],{"class":331},[94,5356,116],{"class":108},[94,5358,962],{"class":331},[94,5360,1033],{"class":335},[94,5362,968],{"class":331},[94,5364,127],{"class":108},[94,5366,5367,5369,5371,5373,5375,5377],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,5368,326],{"class":145},[94,5370,149],{"class":108},[94,5372,4060],{"class":145},[94,5374,149],{"class":108},[94,5376,1065],{"class":152},[94,5378,921],{"class":108},[24,5380,371],{},[85,5382,5383],{"className":87,"code":4325,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,5384,5385],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,5386,5387],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,5388,4325],{"class":1224},[24,5390,5391],{},"Example: check that every score is at least 50",[85,5393,5395],{"className":87,"code":5394,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"scores = [75, 80, 50]\nprint(all(score >= 50 for score in scores))\n",[15,5396,5397,5421],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,5398,5399,5402,5404,5406,5409,5411,5414,5416,5419],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,5400,5401],{"class":100},"scores ",[94,5403,105],{"class":104},[94,5405,109],{"class":108},[94,5407,5408],{"class":112},"75",[94,5410,116],{"class":108},[94,5412,5413],{"class":112}," 80",[94,5415,116],{"class":108},[94,5417,5418],{"class":112}," 50",[94,5420,127],{"class":108},[94,5422,5423,5425,5427,5429,5431,5434,5437,5439,5441,5444,5446,5449],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,5424,326],{"class":145},[94,5426,149],{"class":108},[94,5428,4060],{"class":145},[94,5430,149],{"class":108},[94,5432,5433],{"class":152},"score ",[94,5435,5436],{"class":104},">=",[94,5438,5418],{"class":112},[94,5440,4222],{"class":4221},[94,5442,5443],{"class":152}," score ",[94,5445,4228],{"class":4221},[94,5447,5448],{"class":152}," scores",[94,5450,921],{"class":108},[24,5452,371],{},[85,5454,5455],{"className":87,"code":4325,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,5456,5457],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,5458,5459],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,5460,4325],{"class":1224},[24,5462,5463],{},"If the logic becomes hard to read, a plain loop is often better for beginners.",[24,5465,5466,5467,1139,5471,168],{},"For related tasks, see ",[434,5468,5470],{"href":5469},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python","how to filter a list in Python",[434,5472,1844],{"href":5473},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained",[80,5475,2160],{"id":2159},[265,5477,5479,5480,5482],{"id":5478},"what-does-all-return-in-python","What does ",[15,5481,3929],{}," return in Python?",[24,5484,5485,5486,5488,5489,5491],{},"It returns ",[15,5487,1225],{}," if every item in the iterable is truthy. It returns ",[15,5490,4020],{}," if at least one item is falsy.",[265,5493,2179,5495,2182,5497,2170],{"id":5494},"why-does-all-return-true",[15,5496,3952],{},[15,5498,1225],{},[24,5500,5501],{},"Because there are no items in the iterable that fail the test.",[265,5503,2191,5505,5507],{"id":5504},"can-all-take-multiple-values-directly",[15,5506,3929],{}," take multiple values directly?",[24,5509,5510],{},"No. It takes one iterable argument, such as a list or tuple.",[265,5512,5514,5515,1139,5517,2170],{"id":5513},"what-is-the-difference-between-all-and-any","What is the difference between ",[15,5516,3929],{},[15,5518,5519],{},"any()",[24,5521,5522,5524,5525,5527,5528,168],{},[15,5523,3929],{}," needs every item to be truthy. ",[15,5526,5519],{}," needs at least one item to be truthy. See ",[434,5529,13,5531,439],{"href":5530},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained",[15,5532,5519],{},[80,5534,2232],{"id":2231},[28,5536,5537,5543,5547,5552,5557,5562],{},[31,5538,5539],{},[434,5540,13,5541,439],{"href":5530},[15,5542,5519],{},[31,5544,5545],{},[434,5546,4151],{"href":4150},[31,5548,5549],{},[434,5550,5551],{"href":5473},"Iterators and iterable objects explained",[31,5553,5554],{},[434,5555,5556],{"href":5469},"How to filter a list in Python",[31,5558,5559],{},[434,5560,5561],{"href":4735},"How to use list comprehensions in Python",[31,5563,5564],{},[434,5565,5566],{"href":4739},"What is an iterable in Python",[2260,5568,5569],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":90,"searchDepth":130,"depth":130,"links":5571},[5572,5573,5575,5576,5581,5583,5584,5593,5595,5605],{"id":82,"depth":130,"text":83},{"id":4023,"depth":130,"text":5574},"What all() does",{"id":4073,"depth":130,"text":4074},{"id":4276,"depth":130,"text":4277,"children":5577},[5578,5579,5580],{"id":4280,"depth":137,"text":4281},{"id":4341,"depth":137,"text":4342},{"id":4405,"depth":137,"text":4406},{"id":4541,"depth":130,"text":5582},"How all() works with conditions",{"id":4743,"depth":130,"text":4744},{"id":4861,"depth":130,"text":4862,"children":5585},[5586,5587,5589,5591],{"id":4865,"depth":137,"text":4866},{"id":4922,"depth":137,"text":5588},"Assuming all() compares values automatically",{"id":5046,"depth":137,"text":5590},"Forgetting that 0 and empty strings are falsy",{"id":5122,"depth":137,"text":5592},"Not understanding why all([]) is True",{"id":5303,"depth":130,"text":5594},"When to use all()",{"id":2159,"depth":130,"text":2160,"children":5596},[5597,5599,5601,5603],{"id":5478,"depth":137,"text":5598},"What does all() return in Python?",{"id":5494,"depth":137,"text":5600},"Why does all([]) return True?",{"id":5504,"depth":137,"text":5602},"Can all() take multiple values directly?",{"id":5513,"depth":137,"text":5604},"What is the difference between all() and any()?",{"id":2231,"depth":130,"text":2232},"Master python all function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained",{"title":3921,"description":5606},"reference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained","INFNBux1C5bbGXXd7ksmaHdJKP1Sy8TpO9oKs-3BZC8",{"id":5613,"title":5614,"body":5615,"description":7300,"extension":2319,"meta":7301,"navigation":133,"path":5530,"seo":7302,"stem":7303,"__hash__":7304},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained.md","Python any() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":5616,"toc":7278},[5617,5620,5628,5631,5644,5652,5696,5705,5709,5714,5717,5734,5737,5748,5760,5764,5767,5782,5787,5790,5802,5805,5889,5892,5913,5918,5920,5928,5942,5944,5978,5980,5983,6044,6046,6063,6066,6093,6095,6103,6115,6119,6122,6161,6163,6171,6173,6189,6197,6200,6243,6245,6253,6258,6262,6270,6273,6300,6303,6306,6380,6382,6390,6397,6421,6432,6435,6514,6516,6524,6531,6535,6540,6555,6557,6565,6568,6574,6577,6623,6625,6642,6646,6651,6662,6665,6778,6781,6840,6846,6848,6853,6857,6859,6878,6884,6887,6906,6910,6919,6946,6948,6956,6964,6968,6974,6997,6999,7007,7014,7018,7021,7072,7075,7126,7129,7131,7135,7142,7146,7153,7157,7165,7169,7172,7194,7196,7246,7248,7275],[10,5618,5614],{"id":5619},"python-any-function-explained",[24,5621,5622,5624,5625,168],{},[15,5623,5519],{}," is a built-in Python function that checks an iterable and tells you whether ",[43,5626,5627],{},"at least one item is truthy",[24,5629,5630],{},"You will usually use it with values like:",[28,5632,5633,5635,5637,5639,5641],{},[31,5634,251],{},[31,5636,254],{},[31,5638,260],{},[31,5640,257],{},[31,5642,5643],{},"generator expressions",[24,5645,5646,5647,2167,5649,5651],{},"It is useful when you want a quick ",[15,5648,1225],{},[15,5650,4020],{}," answer without writing a full loop.",[85,5653,5655],{"className":87,"code":5654,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))  # True\n",[15,5656,5657,5677],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,5658,5659,5661,5663,5665,5667,5669,5671,5673,5675],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,5660,4167],{"class":100},[94,5662,105],{"class":104},[94,5664,109],{"class":108},[94,5666,2476],{"class":112},[94,5668,116],{"class":108},[94,5670,4183],{"class":331},[94,5672,116],{"class":108},[94,5674,772],{"class":112},[94,5676,127],{"class":108},[94,5678,5679,5681,5683,5686,5688,5691,5694],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,5680,326],{"class":145},[94,5682,149],{"class":108},[94,5684,5685],{"class":145},"any",[94,5687,149],{"class":108},[94,5689,5690],{"class":152},"values",[94,5692,5693],{"class":108},"))",[94,5695,4010],{"class":159},[24,5697,54,5698,5701,5702,5704],{},[15,5699,5700],{},"any(iterable)"," when you want ",[15,5703,1225],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy.",[80,5706,5708],{"id":5707},"what-any-does","What any() does",[24,5710,5711,5713],{},[15,5712,5519],{}," checks an iterable such as a list, tuple, set, or generator.",[24,5715,5716],{},"It returns:",[28,5718,5719,5724,5729],{},[31,5720,5721,5723],{},[15,5722,1225],{}," if at least one item is truthy",[31,5725,5726,5728],{},[15,5727,4020],{}," if all items are falsy",[31,5730,5731,5733],{},[15,5732,4020],{}," if the iterable is empty",[24,5735,5736],{},"This makes it a good choice for simple checks like:",[28,5738,5739,5742,5745],{},[31,5740,5741],{},"\"Does this list contain at least one real value?\"",[31,5743,5744],{},"\"Does any number match this condition?\"",[31,5746,5747],{},"\"Is there at least one non-empty string?\"",[24,5749,5750,5751,5754,5755,168],{},"If you want the opposite behavior, where ",[43,5752,5753],{},"every"," item must be truthy, see ",[434,5756,5758],{"href":5757},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained\u002F",[15,5759,3929],{},[80,5761,5763],{"id":5762},"syntax","Syntax",[24,5765,5766],{},"The syntax is simple:",[85,5768,5770],{"className":87,"code":5769,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"any(iterable)\n",[15,5771,5772],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,5773,5774,5776,5778,5780],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,5775,5685],{"class":145},[94,5777,149],{"class":108},[94,5779,4065],{"class":152},[94,5781,316],{"class":108},[24,5783,5784,5785,168],{},"The argument must be an ",[43,5786,4065],{},[24,5788,5789],{},"Common inputs include:",[28,5791,5792,5794,5796,5798,5800],{},[31,5793,251],{},[31,5795,254],{},[31,5797,260],{},[31,5799,257],{},[31,5801,5643],{},[24,5803,5804],{},"For example:",[85,5806,5808],{"className":87,"code":5807,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(any([0, 0, 1]))\nprint(any((False, False)))\nprint(any({0, 2}))\nprint(any(\"hello\"))\n",[15,5809,5810,5832,5851,5871],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,5811,5812,5814,5816,5818,5820,5822,5824,5826,5828,5830],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,5813,326],{"class":145},[94,5815,149],{"class":108},[94,5817,5685],{"class":145},[94,5819,3342],{"class":108},[94,5821,2476],{"class":112},[94,5823,116],{"class":108},[94,5825,4178],{"class":112},[94,5827,116],{"class":108},[94,5829,119],{"class":112},[94,5831,3355],{"class":108},[94,5833,5834,5836,5838,5840,5843,5845,5847,5849],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,5835,326],{"class":145},[94,5837,149],{"class":108},[94,5839,5685],{"class":145},[94,5841,5842],{"class":108},"((",[94,5844,4020],{"class":1224},[94,5846,116],{"class":108},[94,5848,4252],{"class":1224},[94,5850,3268],{"class":108},[94,5852,5853,5855,5857,5859,5862,5864,5866,5868],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,5854,326],{"class":145},[94,5856,149],{"class":108},[94,5858,5685],{"class":145},[94,5860,5861],{"class":108},"({",[94,5863,2476],{"class":112},[94,5865,116],{"class":108},[94,5867,124],{"class":112},[94,5869,5870],{"class":108},"}))\n",[94,5872,5873,5875,5877,5879,5881,5883,5885,5887],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,5874,326],{"class":145},[94,5876,149],{"class":108},[94,5878,5685],{"class":145},[94,5880,149],{"class":108},[94,5882,332],{"class":331},[94,5884,4190],{"class":335},[94,5886,332],{"class":331},[94,5888,921],{"class":108},[24,5890,5891],{},"Expected output:",[85,5893,5895],{"className":87,"code":5894,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"True\nFalse\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,5896,5897,5901,5905,5909],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,5898,5899],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,5900,4325],{"class":1224},[94,5902,5903],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,5904,4386],{"class":1224},[94,5906,5907],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,5908,4325],{"class":1224},[94,5910,5911],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,5912,4325],{"class":1224},[24,5914,5915,5916,168],{},"If you are not sure what an iterable is, read ",[434,5917,1844],{"href":1843},[80,5919,4074],{"id":4073},[24,5921,4077,5922,2167,5925,4082],{},[43,5923,5924],{},"truthy",[43,5926,5927],{},"falsy",[28,5929,5930,5936],{},[31,5931,5932,4090,5934],{},[43,5933,4089],{},[15,5935,1225],{},[31,5937,5938,4090,5940],{},[43,5939,4097],{},[15,5941,4020],{},[24,5943,4102],{},[28,5945,5946,5950,5954,5958,5962,5966,5970,5974],{},[31,5947,5948],{},[15,5949,4020],{},[31,5951,5952],{},[15,5953,2476],{},[31,5955,5956],{},[15,5957,4113],{},[31,5959,5960],{},[15,5961,4118],{},[31,5963,5964],{},[15,5965,4131],{},[31,5967,5968],{},[15,5969,4136],{},[31,5971,5972],{},[15,5973,4141],{},[31,5975,5976],{},[15,5977,77],{},[24,5979,4144],{},[24,5981,5982],{},"That means these values are truthy:",[85,5984,5986],{"className":87,"code":5985,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(any([1]))\nprint(any(['hello']))\nprint(any([[1, 2, 3]]))\n",[15,5987,5988,6002,6020],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,5989,5990,5992,5994,5996,5998,6000],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,5991,326],{"class":145},[94,5993,149],{"class":108},[94,5995,5685],{"class":145},[94,5997,3342],{"class":108},[94,5999,412],{"class":112},[94,6001,3355],{"class":108},[94,6003,6004,6006,6008,6010,6012,6014,6016,6018],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,6005,326],{"class":145},[94,6007,149],{"class":108},[94,6009,5685],{"class":145},[94,6011,3342],{"class":108},[94,6013,968],{"class":331},[94,6015,4190],{"class":335},[94,6017,968],{"class":331},[94,6019,3355],{"class":108},[94,6021,6022,6024,6026,6028,6031,6033,6035,6037,6039,6041],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,6023,326],{"class":145},[94,6025,149],{"class":108},[94,6027,5685],{"class":145},[94,6029,6030],{"class":108},"([[",[94,6032,412],{"class":112},[94,6034,116],{"class":108},[94,6036,124],{"class":112},[94,6038,116],{"class":108},[94,6040,421],{"class":112},[94,6042,6043],{"class":108},"]]))\n",[24,6045,5891],{},[85,6047,6049],{"className":87,"code":6048,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"True\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,6050,6051,6055,6059],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,6052,6053],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,6054,4325],{"class":1224},[94,6056,6057],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,6058,4325],{"class":1224},[94,6060,6061],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,6062,4325],{"class":1224},[24,6064,6065],{},"And these are all falsy:",[85,6067,6069],{"className":87,"code":6068,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(any([0, '', None]))\n",[15,6070,6071],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,6072,6073,6075,6077,6079,6081,6083,6085,6087,6089,6091],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,6074,326],{"class":145},[94,6076,149],{"class":108},[94,6078,5685],{"class":145},[94,6080,3342],{"class":108},[94,6082,2476],{"class":112},[94,6084,116],{"class":108},[94,6086,4183],{"class":331},[94,6088,116],{"class":108},[94,6090,4197],{"class":1224},[94,6092,3355],{"class":108},[24,6094,5891],{},[85,6096,6097],{"className":87,"code":4386,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,6098,6099],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,6100,6101],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,6102,4386],{"class":1224},[24,6104,6105,6106,1139,6109,168],{},"If you want to understand this more clearly, see ",[434,6107,4151],{"href":6108},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false\u002F",[434,6110,6112,6114],{"href":6111},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained\u002F",[15,6113,4157],{}," explained",[80,6116,6118],{"id":6117},"basic-example","Basic example",[24,6120,6121],{},"Here is a simple example with one truthy value:",[85,6123,6125],{"className":87,"code":6124,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,6126,6127,6147],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,6128,6129,6131,6133,6135,6137,6139,6141,6143,6145],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,6130,4167],{"class":100},[94,6132,105],{"class":104},[94,6134,109],{"class":108},[94,6136,2476],{"class":112},[94,6138,116],{"class":108},[94,6140,4183],{"class":331},[94,6142,116],{"class":108},[94,6144,772],{"class":112},[94,6146,127],{"class":108},[94,6148,6149,6151,6153,6155,6157,6159],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,6150,326],{"class":145},[94,6152,149],{"class":108},[94,6154,5685],{"class":145},[94,6156,149],{"class":108},[94,6158,5690],{"class":152},[94,6160,921],{"class":108},[24,6162,371],{},[85,6164,6165],{"className":87,"code":4325,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,6166,6167],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,6168,6169],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,6170,4325],{"class":1224},[24,6172,4784],{},[28,6174,6175,6180,6184],{},[31,6176,6177,6179],{},[15,6178,2476],{}," is falsy",[31,6181,6182,6179],{},[15,6183,4118],{},[31,6185,6186,6188],{},[15,6187,615],{}," is truthy",[24,6190,6191,6192,74,6195,168],{},"Since at least one item is truthy, ",[15,6193,6194],{},"any(values)",[15,6196,1225],{},[24,6198,6199],{},"Now look at a list where every item is falsy:",[85,6201,6203],{"className":87,"code":6202,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"values = [0, '', None, False]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,6204,6205,6229],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,6206,6207,6209,6211,6213,6215,6217,6219,6221,6223,6225,6227],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,6208,4167],{"class":100},[94,6210,105],{"class":104},[94,6212,109],{"class":108},[94,6214,2476],{"class":112},[94,6216,116],{"class":108},[94,6218,4183],{"class":331},[94,6220,116],{"class":108},[94,6222,4197],{"class":1224},[94,6224,116],{"class":108},[94,6226,4252],{"class":1224},[94,6228,127],{"class":108},[94,6230,6231,6233,6235,6237,6239,6241],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,6232,326],{"class":145},[94,6234,149],{"class":108},[94,6236,5685],{"class":145},[94,6238,149],{"class":108},[94,6240,5690],{"class":152},[94,6242,921],{"class":108},[24,6244,371],{},[85,6246,6247],{"className":87,"code":4386,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,6248,6249],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,6250,6251],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,6252,4386],{"class":1224},[24,6254,6255,6256,168],{},"Here, none of the items are truthy, so the result is ",[15,6257,4020],{},[80,6259,6261],{"id":6260},"using-any-with-conditions","Using any() with conditions",[24,6263,6264,6266,6267,168],{},[15,6265,5519],{}," is often used with a ",[43,6268,6269],{},"generator expression",[24,6271,6272],{},"This is a common pattern:",[85,6274,6276],{"className":87,"code":6275,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"any(condition for item in items)\n",[15,6277,6278],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,6279,6280,6282,6284,6287,6290,6293,6295,6298],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,6281,5685],{"class":145},[94,6283,149],{"class":108},[94,6285,6286],{"class":152},"condition ",[94,6288,6289],{"class":4221},"for",[94,6291,6292],{"class":152}," item ",[94,6294,4228],{"class":4221},[94,6296,6297],{"class":152}," items",[94,6299,316],{"class":108},[24,6301,6302],{},"It is useful when you want to check whether any item matches a rule.",[24,6304,6305],{},"For example, to check whether any number is negative:",[85,6307,6309],{"className":87,"code":6308,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [4, 7, -2, 10]\n\nresult = any(x \u003C 0 for x in numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,6310,6311,6339,6343,6370],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,6312,6313,6315,6317,6319,6321,6323,6326,6328,6330,6332,6334,6337],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,6314,101],{"class":100},[94,6316,105],{"class":104},[94,6318,109],{"class":108},[94,6320,857],{"class":112},[94,6322,116],{"class":108},[94,6324,6325],{"class":112}," 7",[94,6327,116],{"class":108},[94,6329,2581],{"class":104},[94,6331,763],{"class":112},[94,6333,116],{"class":108},[94,6335,6336],{"class":112}," 10",[94,6338,127],{"class":108},[94,6340,6341],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,6342,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,6344,6345,6347,6349,6352,6354,6356,6358,6360,6362,6364,6366,6368],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,6346,305],{"class":100},[94,6348,105],{"class":104},[94,6350,6351],{"class":145}," any",[94,6353,149],{"class":108},[94,6355,3381],{"class":152},[94,6357,955],{"class":104},[94,6359,4178],{"class":112},[94,6361,4222],{"class":4221},[94,6363,4225],{"class":152},[94,6365,4228],{"class":4221},[94,6367,343],{"class":152},[94,6369,316],{"class":108},[94,6371,6372,6374,6376,6378],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,6373,326],{"class":145},[94,6375,149],{"class":108},[94,6377,902],{"class":152},[94,6379,316],{"class":108},[24,6381,371],{},[85,6383,6384],{"className":87,"code":4325,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,6385,6386],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,6387,6388],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,6389,4325],{"class":1224},[24,6391,6392,6393,6396],{},"This works because ",[15,6394,6395],{},"x \u003C 0"," is checked for each number:",[28,6398,6399,6407,6414],{},[31,6400,6401,6404,6405],{},[15,6402,6403],{},"4 \u003C 0"," → ",[15,6406,4020],{},[31,6408,6409,6404,6412],{},[15,6410,6411],{},"7 \u003C 0",[15,6413,4020],{},[31,6415,6416,6404,6419],{},[15,6417,6418],{},"-2 \u003C 0",[15,6420,1225],{},[24,6422,6423,6424,6426,6427,6429,6430,168],{},"As soon as Python finds one ",[15,6425,1225],{}," result, ",[15,6428,5519],{}," can return ",[15,6431,1225],{},[24,6433,6434],{},"Here is another example:",[85,6436,6438],{"className":87,"code":6437,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"words = [\"apple\", \"\", \"banana\"]\n\nhas_empty_string = any(word == \"\" for word in words)\nprint(has_empty_string)\n",[15,6439,6440,6469,6473,6503],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,6441,6442,6444,6446,6448,6450,6452,6454,6456,6459,6461,6463,6465,6467],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,6443,1314],{"class":100},[94,6445,105],{"class":104},[94,6447,109],{"class":108},[94,6449,332],{"class":331},[94,6451,1332],{"class":335},[94,6453,332],{"class":331},[94,6455,116],{"class":108},[94,6457,6458],{"class":331}," \"\"",[94,6460,116],{"class":108},[94,6462,1040],{"class":331},[94,6464,4432],{"class":335},[94,6466,332],{"class":331},[94,6468,127],{"class":108},[94,6470,6471],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,6472,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,6474,6475,6478,6480,6482,6484,6487,6489,6491,6493,6496,6498,6501],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,6476,6477],{"class":100},"has_empty_string ",[94,6479,105],{"class":104},[94,6481,6351],{"class":145},[94,6483,149],{"class":108},[94,6485,6486],{"class":152},"word ",[94,6488,5031],{"class":104},[94,6490,6458],{"class":331},[94,6492,4222],{"class":4221},[94,6494,6495],{"class":152}," word ",[94,6497,4228],{"class":4221},[94,6499,6500],{"class":152}," words",[94,6502,316],{"class":108},[94,6504,6505,6507,6509,6512],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,6506,326],{"class":145},[94,6508,149],{"class":108},[94,6510,6511],{"class":152},"has_empty_string",[94,6513,316],{"class":108},[24,6515,371],{},[85,6517,6518],{"className":87,"code":4325,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,6519,6520],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,6521,6522],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,6523,4325],{"class":1224},[24,6525,6526,6527,168],{},"This style is often cleaner than writing a full loop for a simple match check. For related list-checking examples, see ",[434,6528,6530],{"href":6529},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-value-exists-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[80,6532,6534],{"id":6533},"empty-iterables","Empty iterables",[24,6536,6537,6538,384],{},"An empty iterable returns ",[15,6539,4020],{},[85,6541,6543],{"className":87,"code":6542,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(any([]))\n",[15,6544,6545],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,6546,6547,6549,6551,6553],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,6548,326],{"class":145},[94,6550,149],{"class":108},[94,6552,5685],{"class":145},[94,6554,4771],{"class":108},[24,6556,371],{},[85,6558,6559],{"className":87,"code":4386,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,6560,6561],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,6562,6563],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,6564,4386],{"class":1224},[24,6566,6567],{},"This can surprise beginners.",[24,6569,6570,6571,6573],{},"The reason is simple: ",[15,6572,5519],{}," looks for at least one truthy item. In an empty iterable, there are no items at all, so there is nothing truthy to find.",[24,6575,6576],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables:",[85,6578,6580],{"className":87,"code":6579,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(any(()))\nprint(any(\"\"))\nprint(any(set()))\n",[15,6581,6582,6592,6607],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,6583,6584,6586,6588,6590],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,6585,326],{"class":145},[94,6587,149],{"class":108},[94,6589,5685],{"class":145},[94,6591,4829],{"class":108},[94,6593,6594,6596,6598,6600,6602,6605],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,6595,326],{"class":145},[94,6597,149],{"class":108},[94,6599,5685],{"class":145},[94,6601,149],{"class":108},[94,6603,6604],{"class":331},"\"\"",[94,6606,921],{"class":108},[94,6608,6609,6611,6613,6615,6617,6620],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,6610,326],{"class":145},[94,6612,149],{"class":108},[94,6614,5685],{"class":145},[94,6616,149],{"class":108},[94,6618,6619],{"class":913},"set",[94,6621,6622],{"class":108},"()))\n",[24,6624,371],{},[85,6626,6628],{"className":87,"code":6627,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"False\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,6629,6630,6634,6638],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,6631,6632],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,6633,4386],{"class":1224},[94,6635,6636],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,6637,4386],{"class":1224},[94,6639,6640],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,6641,4386],{"class":1224},[80,6643,6645],{"id":6644},"when-to-use-any","When to use any()",[24,6647,54,6648,6650],{},[15,6649,5519],{}," when you want to:",[28,6652,6653,6656,6659],{},[31,6654,6655],{},"check whether a list contains at least one matching value",[31,6657,6658],{},"simplify loops that only need one match",[31,6660,6661],{},"make condition checks shorter and easier to read",[24,6663,6664],{},"For example, instead of writing this:",[85,6666,6668],{"className":87,"code":6667,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\n\nfound_even = False\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        found_even = True\n        break\n\nprint(found_even)\n",[15,6669,6670,6695,6699,6709,6713,6727,6746,6756,6761,6766],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,6671,6672,6674,6676,6678,6680,6682,6684,6686,6688,6690,6693],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,6673,101],{"class":100},[94,6675,105],{"class":104},[94,6677,109],{"class":108},[94,6679,412],{"class":112},[94,6681,116],{"class":108},[94,6683,421],{"class":112},[94,6685,116],{"class":108},[94,6687,772],{"class":112},[94,6689,116],{"class":108},[94,6691,6692],{"class":112}," 8",[94,6694,127],{"class":108},[94,6696,6697],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,6698,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,6700,6701,6704,6706],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,6702,6703],{"class":100},"found_even ",[94,6705,105],{"class":104},[94,6707,6708],{"class":1224}," False\n",[94,6710,6711],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,6712,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,6714,6715,6717,6720,6722,6724],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,6716,6289],{"class":4221},[94,6718,6719],{"class":100}," number ",[94,6721,4228],{"class":4221},[94,6723,343],{"class":100},[94,6725,6726],{"class":108},":\n",[94,6728,6729,6732,6734,6737,6739,6742,6744],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,6730,6731],{"class":4221},"    if",[94,6733,6719],{"class":100},[94,6735,6736],{"class":104},"%",[94,6738,124],{"class":112},[94,6740,6741],{"class":104}," ==",[94,6743,4178],{"class":112},[94,6745,6726],{"class":108},[94,6747,6748,6751,6753],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,6749,6750],{"class":100},"        found_even ",[94,6752,105],{"class":104},[94,6754,6755],{"class":1224}," True\n",[94,6757,6758],{"class":96,"line":702},[94,6759,6760],{"class":4221},"        break\n",[94,6762,6764],{"class":96,"line":6763},9,[94,6765,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,6767,6769,6771,6773,6776],{"class":96,"line":6768},10,[94,6770,326],{"class":145},[94,6772,149],{"class":108},[94,6774,6775],{"class":152},"found_even",[94,6777,316],{"class":108},[24,6779,6780],{},"You can write:",[85,6782,6784],{"className":87,"code":6783,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\nprint(any(number % 2 == 0 for number in numbers))\n",[15,6785,6786,6810],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,6787,6788,6790,6792,6794,6796,6798,6800,6802,6804,6806,6808],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,6789,101],{"class":100},[94,6791,105],{"class":104},[94,6793,109],{"class":108},[94,6795,412],{"class":112},[94,6797,116],{"class":108},[94,6799,421],{"class":112},[94,6801,116],{"class":108},[94,6803,772],{"class":112},[94,6805,116],{"class":108},[94,6807,6692],{"class":112},[94,6809,127],{"class":108},[94,6811,6812,6814,6816,6818,6820,6822,6824,6826,6828,6830,6832,6834,6836,6838],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,6813,326],{"class":145},[94,6815,149],{"class":108},[94,6817,5685],{"class":145},[94,6819,149],{"class":108},[94,6821,2576],{"class":152},[94,6823,6736],{"class":104},[94,6825,124],{"class":112},[94,6827,6741],{"class":104},[94,6829,4178],{"class":112},[94,6831,4222],{"class":4221},[94,6833,6719],{"class":152},[94,6835,4228],{"class":4221},[94,6837,343],{"class":152},[94,6839,921],{"class":108},[24,6841,6842,6843,6845],{},"Both work, but ",[15,6844,5519],{}," is shorter and easier to read when you only need a yes-or-no answer.",[80,6847,4862],{"id":4861},[24,6849,6850,6851,168],{},"Here are some common mistakes with ",[15,6852,5519],{},[265,6854,6856],{"id":6855},"passing-a-single-number-instead-of-an-iterable","Passing a single number instead of an iterable",[24,6858,4869],{},[85,6860,6862],{"className":87,"code":6861,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(any(5))\n",[15,6863,6864],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,6865,6866,6868,6870,6872,6874,6876],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,6867,326],{"class":145},[94,6869,149],{"class":108},[94,6871,5685],{"class":145},[94,6873,149],{"class":108},[94,6875,615],{"class":112},[94,6877,921],{"class":108},[24,6879,6880,6881,6883],{},"It causes an error because ",[15,6882,615],{}," is not iterable.",[24,6885,6886],{},"Use an iterable instead:",[85,6888,6890],{"className":87,"code":6889,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(any([5]))\n",[15,6891,6892],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,6893,6894,6896,6898,6900,6902,6904],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,6895,326],{"class":145},[94,6897,149],{"class":108},[94,6899,5685],{"class":145},[94,6901,3342],{"class":108},[94,6903,615],{"class":112},[94,6905,3355],{"class":108},[265,6907,6909],{"id":6908},"thinking-any-checks-whether-all-values-are-true","Thinking any() checks whether all values are True",[24,6911,6912,6914,6915,6918],{},[15,6913,5519],{}," needs only ",[43,6916,6917],{},"one"," truthy item.",[85,6920,6922],{"className":87,"code":6921,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(any([False, False, True]))\n",[15,6923,6924],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,6925,6926,6928,6930,6932,6934,6936,6938,6940,6942,6944],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,6927,326],{"class":145},[94,6929,149],{"class":108},[94,6931,5685],{"class":145},[94,6933,3342],{"class":108},[94,6935,4020],{"class":1224},[94,6937,116],{"class":108},[94,6939,4252],{"class":1224},[94,6941,116],{"class":108},[94,6943,4261],{"class":1224},[94,6945,3355],{"class":108},[24,6947,371],{},[85,6949,6950],{"className":87,"code":4325,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,6951,6952],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,6953,6954],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,6955,4325],{"class":1224},[24,6957,6958,6959,6963],{},"If you need every item to be truthy, use ",[434,6960,6961],{"href":5757},[15,6962,3929],{}," instead.",[265,6965,6967],{"id":6966},"forgetting-that-non-empty-strings-are-truthy","Forgetting that non-empty strings are truthy",[24,6969,6970,6971,168],{},"A non-empty string is truthy, even if it is not ",[15,6972,6973],{},"\"True\"",[85,6975,6977],{"className":87,"code":6976,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(any([\"False\"]))\n",[15,6978,6979],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,6980,6981,6983,6985,6987,6989,6991,6993,6995],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,6982,326],{"class":145},[94,6984,149],{"class":108},[94,6986,5685],{"class":145},[94,6988,3342],{"class":108},[94,6990,332],{"class":331},[94,6992,4020],{"class":335},[94,6994,332],{"class":331},[94,6996,3355],{"class":108},[24,6998,371],{},[85,7000,7001],{"className":87,"code":4325,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,7002,7003],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,7004,7005],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,7006,4325],{"class":1224},[24,7008,7009,7010,7013],{},"That is because ",[15,7011,7012],{},"\"False\""," is a non-empty string.",[265,7015,7017],{"id":7016},"using-a-list-comprehension-when-a-generator-expression-is-enough","Using a list comprehension when a generator expression is enough",[24,7019,7020],{},"This works:",[85,7022,7024],{"className":87,"code":7023,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any([x > 2 for x in numbers]))\n",[15,7025,7026,7046],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,7027,7028,7030,7032,7034,7036,7038,7040,7042,7044],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,7029,101],{"class":100},[94,7031,105],{"class":104},[94,7033,109],{"class":108},[94,7035,412],{"class":112},[94,7037,116],{"class":108},[94,7039,124],{"class":112},[94,7041,116],{"class":108},[94,7043,421],{"class":112},[94,7045,127],{"class":108},[94,7047,7048,7050,7052,7054,7056,7058,7060,7062,7064,7066,7068,7070],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,7049,326],{"class":145},[94,7051,149],{"class":108},[94,7053,5685],{"class":145},[94,7055,3342],{"class":108},[94,7057,3381],{"class":152},[94,7059,4596],{"class":104},[94,7061,124],{"class":112},[94,7063,4222],{"class":4221},[94,7065,4225],{"class":152},[94,7067,4228],{"class":4221},[94,7069,343],{"class":152},[94,7071,3355],{"class":108},[24,7073,7074],{},"But this is usually better:",[85,7076,7078],{"className":87,"code":7077,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any(x > 2 for x in numbers))\n",[15,7079,7080,7100],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,7081,7082,7084,7086,7088,7090,7092,7094,7096,7098],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,7083,101],{"class":100},[94,7085,105],{"class":104},[94,7087,109],{"class":108},[94,7089,412],{"class":112},[94,7091,116],{"class":108},[94,7093,124],{"class":112},[94,7095,116],{"class":108},[94,7097,421],{"class":112},[94,7099,127],{"class":108},[94,7101,7102,7104,7106,7108,7110,7112,7114,7116,7118,7120,7122,7124],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,7103,326],{"class":145},[94,7105,149],{"class":108},[94,7107,5685],{"class":145},[94,7109,149],{"class":108},[94,7111,3381],{"class":152},[94,7113,4596],{"class":104},[94,7115,124],{"class":112},[94,7117,4222],{"class":4221},[94,7119,4225],{"class":152},[94,7121,4228],{"class":4221},[94,7123,343],{"class":152},[94,7125,921],{"class":108},[24,7127,7128],{},"The second version avoids creating an unnecessary list.",[80,7130,2160],{"id":2159},[265,7132,7134],{"id":7133},"what-does-any-return-in-python","What does any() return in Python?",[24,7136,5485,7137,7139,7140,168],{},[15,7138,1225],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy. Otherwise it returns ",[15,7141,4020],{},[265,7143,7145],{"id":7144},"what-happens-if-the-iterable-is-empty","What happens if the iterable is empty?",[24,7147,7148,74,7150,7152],{},[15,7149,5519],{},[15,7151,4020],{}," for an empty iterable.",[265,7154,7156],{"id":7155},"what-is-the-difference-between-any-and-all","What is the difference between any() and all()?",[24,7158,7159,7161,7162,7164],{},[15,7160,5519],{}," needs one truthy item. ",[15,7163,3929],{}," needs every item to be truthy.",[265,7166,7168],{"id":7167},"can-i-use-any-with-a-condition","Can I use any() with a condition?",[24,7170,7171],{},"Yes. A common pattern is:",[85,7173,7174],{"className":87,"code":6275,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,7175,7176],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,7177,7178,7180,7182,7184,7186,7188,7190,7192],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,7179,5685],{"class":145},[94,7181,149],{"class":108},[94,7183,6286],{"class":152},[94,7185,6289],{"class":4221},[94,7187,6292],{"class":152},[94,7189,4228],{"class":4221},[94,7191,6297],{"class":152},[94,7193,316],{"class":108},[24,7195,5804],{},[85,7197,7198],{"className":87,"code":7077,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,7199,7200,7220],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,7201,7202,7204,7206,7208,7210,7212,7214,7216,7218],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,7203,101],{"class":100},[94,7205,105],{"class":104},[94,7207,109],{"class":108},[94,7209,412],{"class":112},[94,7211,116],{"class":108},[94,7213,124],{"class":112},[94,7215,116],{"class":108},[94,7217,421],{"class":112},[94,7219,127],{"class":108},[94,7221,7222,7224,7226,7228,7230,7232,7234,7236,7238,7240,7242,7244],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,7223,326],{"class":145},[94,7225,149],{"class":108},[94,7227,5685],{"class":145},[94,7229,149],{"class":108},[94,7231,3381],{"class":152},[94,7233,4596],{"class":104},[94,7235,124],{"class":112},[94,7237,4222],{"class":4221},[94,7239,4225],{"class":152},[94,7241,4228],{"class":4221},[94,7243,343],{"class":152},[94,7245,921],{"class":108},[80,7247,2232],{"id":2231},[28,7249,7250,7256,7260,7264,7269],{},[31,7251,7252],{},[434,7253,7254,439],{"href":5757},[15,7255,3929],{},[31,7257,7258],{},[434,7259,4151],{"href":6108},[31,7261,7262],{},[434,7263,5551],{"href":1843},[31,7265,7266],{},[434,7267,7268],{"href":6529},"How to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[31,7270,7271],{},[434,7272,7273,439],{"href":6111},[15,7274,4157],{},[2260,7276,7277],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":90,"searchDepth":130,"depth":130,"links":7279},[7280,7281,7282,7283,7284,7285,7286,7287,7293,7299],{"id":5707,"depth":130,"text":5708},{"id":5762,"depth":130,"text":5763},{"id":4073,"depth":130,"text":4074},{"id":6117,"depth":130,"text":6118},{"id":6260,"depth":130,"text":6261},{"id":6533,"depth":130,"text":6534},{"id":6644,"depth":130,"text":6645},{"id":4861,"depth":130,"text":4862,"children":7288},[7289,7290,7291,7292],{"id":6855,"depth":137,"text":6856},{"id":6908,"depth":137,"text":6909},{"id":6966,"depth":137,"text":6967},{"id":7016,"depth":137,"text":7017},{"id":2159,"depth":130,"text":2160,"children":7294},[7295,7296,7297,7298],{"id":7133,"depth":137,"text":7134},{"id":7144,"depth":137,"text":7145},{"id":7155,"depth":137,"text":7156},{"id":7167,"depth":137,"text":7168},{"id":2231,"depth":130,"text":2232},"Master python any function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":5614,"description":7300},"reference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained","uL7-T2Lk2YfmN9VEO8KlebxCO6XTQT36wCuJPf1m2Jw",{"id":7306,"title":7307,"body":7308,"description":9437,"extension":2319,"meta":9438,"navigation":133,"path":9439,"seo":9440,"stem":9441,"__hash__":9442},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained.md","Python bool() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":7309,"toc":9400},[7310,7313,7322,7332,7334,7431,7433,7462,7478,7482,7487,7490,7500,7506,7512,7528,7530,7538,7545,7549,7552,7567,7572,7590,7595,7597,7645,7647,7664,7668,7674,7677,7711,7713,7819,7821,7858,7862,7870,7872,7892,7894,8015,8017,8046,8049,8072,8074,8082,8090,8094,8100,8104,8147,8149,8157,8160,8188,8190,8198,8202,8231,8233,8241,8273,8275,8283,8287,8338,8340,8348,8356,8360,8363,8416,8418,8438,8445,8449,8455,8458,8466,8488,8490,8498,8506,8529,8531,8539,8544,8549,8561,8563,8604,8615,8619,8628,8631,8634,8692,8695,8746,8749,8754,8770,8776,8778,8783,8792,8795,8817,8819,8827,8832,8835,8870,8872,8880,8884,8889,8927,8939,8942,8995,9003,9007,9010,9032,9041,9044,9085,9087,9110,9116,9122,9137,9139,9159,9162,9181,9183,9202,9206,9212,9291,9294,9308,9315,9317,9321,9328,9332,9336,9340,9345,9349,9354,9358,9365,9367,9397],[10,7311,7307],{"id":7312},"python-bool-function-explained",[24,7314,2336,7315,7317,7318,2167,7320,168],{},[15,7316,4157],{}," function converts a value to either ",[15,7319,1225],{},[15,7321,4020],{},[24,7323,7324,7325,7327,7328,7331],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a value counts as \"true\" or \"false\" in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,7326,4157],{}," to understand how values behave in ",[15,7329,7330],{},"if"," statements and other conditions.",[80,7333,83],{"id":82},[85,7335,7337],{"className":87,"code":7336,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(1))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,7338,7339,7353,7367,7381,7399,7409],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,7340,7341,7343,7345,7347,7349,7351],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,7342,326],{"class":145},[94,7344,149],{"class":108},[94,7346,4212],{"class":913},[94,7348,149],{"class":108},[94,7350,2476],{"class":112},[94,7352,921],{"class":108},[94,7354,7355,7357,7359,7361,7363,7365],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,7356,326],{"class":145},[94,7358,149],{"class":108},[94,7360,4212],{"class":913},[94,7362,149],{"class":108},[94,7364,412],{"class":112},[94,7366,921],{"class":108},[94,7368,7369,7371,7373,7375,7377,7379],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,7370,326],{"class":145},[94,7372,149],{"class":108},[94,7374,4212],{"class":913},[94,7376,149],{"class":108},[94,7378,6604],{"class":331},[94,7380,921],{"class":108},[94,7382,7383,7385,7387,7389,7391,7393,7395,7397],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,7384,326],{"class":145},[94,7386,149],{"class":108},[94,7388,4212],{"class":913},[94,7390,149],{"class":108},[94,7392,332],{"class":331},[94,7394,4190],{"class":335},[94,7396,332],{"class":331},[94,7398,921],{"class":108},[94,7400,7401,7403,7405,7407],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,7402,326],{"class":145},[94,7404,149],{"class":108},[94,7406,4212],{"class":913},[94,7408,4771],{"class":108},[94,7410,7411,7413,7415,7417,7419,7421,7423,7425,7427,7429],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,7412,326],{"class":145},[94,7414,149],{"class":108},[94,7416,4212],{"class":913},[94,7418,3342],{"class":108},[94,7420,412],{"class":112},[94,7422,116],{"class":108},[94,7424,124],{"class":112},[94,7426,116],{"class":108},[94,7428,421],{"class":112},[94,7430,3355],{"class":108},[24,7432,5891],{},[85,7434,7436],{"className":87,"code":7435,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"False\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,7437,7438,7442,7446,7450,7454,7458],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,7439,7440],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,7441,4386],{"class":1224},[94,7443,7444],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,7445,4325],{"class":1224},[94,7447,7448],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,7449,4386],{"class":1224},[94,7451,7452],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,7453,4325],{"class":1224},[94,7455,7456],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,7457,4386],{"class":1224},[94,7459,7460],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,7461,4325],{"class":1224},[24,7463,54,7464,7467,7468,2167,7470,7472,7473,7475,7476,168],{},[15,7465,7466],{},"bool(value)"," to convert a value to ",[15,7469,1225],{},[15,7471,4020],{},". Empty and zero-like values become ",[15,7474,4020],{},". Most other values become ",[15,7477,1225],{},[80,7479,7481],{"id":7480},"what-bool-does","What bool() does",[24,7483,7484,7486],{},[15,7485,4157],{}," converts a value into a Boolean result.",[24,7488,7489],{},"A Boolean value can only be one of these:",[28,7491,7492,7496],{},[31,7493,7494],{},[15,7495,1225],{},[31,7497,7498],{},[15,7499,4020],{},[24,7501,7502,7503,7505],{},"This is especially useful in conditions such as ",[15,7504,7330],{}," statements.",[24,7507,7508,7509,7511],{},"You can also call ",[15,7510,4157],{}," with no argument:",[85,7513,7515],{"className":87,"code":7514,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(bool())\n",[15,7516,7517],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,7518,7519,7521,7523,7525],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,7520,326],{"class":145},[94,7522,149],{"class":108},[94,7524,4212],{"class":913},[94,7526,7527],{"class":108},"())\n",[24,7529,371],{},[85,7531,7532],{"className":87,"code":4386,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,7533,7534],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,7535,7536],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,7537,4386],{"class":1224},[24,7539,7540,7541,168],{},"If you are new to Boolean values, see ",[434,7542,7544],{"href":7543},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-boolean-in-python\u002F","what a Boolean means in Python",[80,7546,7548],{"id":7547},"bool-syntax","bool() syntax",[24,7550,7551],{},"The basic syntax is:",[85,7553,7555],{"className":87,"code":7554,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"bool(value)\n",[15,7556,7557],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,7558,7559,7561,7563,7565],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,7560,4212],{"class":913},[94,7562,149],{"class":108},[94,7564,2829],{"class":152},[94,7566,316],{"class":108},[24,7568,2336,7569,7571],{},[15,7570,2829],{}," can be many different types, such as:",[28,7573,7574,7576,7578,7580,7582,7585,7587],{},[31,7575,153],{},[31,7577,257],{},[31,7579,251],{},[31,7581,254],{},[31,7583,7584],{},"dictionaries",[31,7586,260],{},[31,7588,7589],{},"other objects",[24,7591,7592,7593,168],{},"If you do not pass any value, Python returns ",[15,7594,4020],{},[24,7596,2566],{},[85,7598,7600],{"className":87,"code":7599,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(bool(10))\nprint(bool(\"Python\"))\nprint(bool())\n",[15,7601,7602,7616,7635],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,7603,7604,7606,7608,7610,7612,7614],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,7605,326],{"class":145},[94,7607,149],{"class":108},[94,7609,4212],{"class":913},[94,7611,149],{"class":108},[94,7613,2688],{"class":112},[94,7615,921],{"class":108},[94,7617,7618,7620,7622,7624,7626,7628,7631,7633],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,7619,326],{"class":145},[94,7621,149],{"class":108},[94,7623,4212],{"class":913},[94,7625,149],{"class":108},[94,7627,332],{"class":331},[94,7629,7630],{"class":335},"Python",[94,7632,332],{"class":331},[94,7634,921],{"class":108},[94,7636,7637,7639,7641,7643],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,7638,326],{"class":145},[94,7640,149],{"class":108},[94,7642,4212],{"class":913},[94,7644,7527],{"class":108},[24,7646,371],{},[85,7648,7650],{"className":87,"code":7649,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"True\nTrue\nFalse\n",[15,7651,7652,7656,7660],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,7653,7654],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,7655,4325],{"class":1224},[94,7657,7658],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,7659,4325],{"class":1224},[94,7661,7662],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,7663,4386],{"class":1224},[80,7665,7667],{"id":7666},"values-that-become-false","Values that become False",[24,7669,7670,7671,7673],{},"Some values are treated as false in Python. These are often called ",[43,7672,5927],{}," values.",[24,7675,7676],{},"Common examples:",[28,7678,7679,7683,7687,7691,7695,7699,7703,7707],{},[31,7680,7681],{},[15,7682,2476],{},[31,7684,7685],{},[15,7686,4113],{},[31,7688,7689],{},[15,7690,6604],{},[31,7692,7693],{},[15,7694,4131],{},[31,7696,7697],{},[15,7698,174],{},[31,7700,7701],{},[15,7702,4136],{},[31,7704,7705],{},[15,7706,4141],{},[31,7708,7709],{},[15,7710,77],{},[24,7712,2566],{},[85,7714,7716],{"className":87,"code":7715,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(0.0))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool(()))\nprint(bool({}))\nprint(bool(set()))\nprint(bool(None))\n",[15,7717,7718,7732,7746,7760,7770,7780,7791,7805],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,7719,7720,7722,7724,7726,7728,7730],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,7721,326],{"class":145},[94,7723,149],{"class":108},[94,7725,4212],{"class":913},[94,7727,149],{"class":108},[94,7729,2476],{"class":112},[94,7731,921],{"class":108},[94,7733,7734,7736,7738,7740,7742,7744],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,7735,326],{"class":145},[94,7737,149],{"class":108},[94,7739,4212],{"class":913},[94,7741,149],{"class":108},[94,7743,4113],{"class":112},[94,7745,921],{"class":108},[94,7747,7748,7750,7752,7754,7756,7758],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,7749,326],{"class":145},[94,7751,149],{"class":108},[94,7753,4212],{"class":913},[94,7755,149],{"class":108},[94,7757,6604],{"class":331},[94,7759,921],{"class":108},[94,7761,7762,7764,7766,7768],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,7763,326],{"class":145},[94,7765,149],{"class":108},[94,7767,4212],{"class":913},[94,7769,4771],{"class":108},[94,7771,7772,7774,7776,7778],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,7773,326],{"class":145},[94,7775,149],{"class":108},[94,7777,4212],{"class":913},[94,7779,4829],{"class":108},[94,7781,7782,7784,7786,7788],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,7783,326],{"class":145},[94,7785,149],{"class":108},[94,7787,4212],{"class":913},[94,7789,7790],{"class":108},"({}))\n",[94,7792,7793,7795,7797,7799,7801,7803],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,7794,326],{"class":145},[94,7796,149],{"class":108},[94,7798,4212],{"class":913},[94,7800,149],{"class":108},[94,7802,6619],{"class":913},[94,7804,6622],{"class":108},[94,7806,7807,7809,7811,7813,7815,7817],{"class":96,"line":702},[94,7808,326],{"class":145},[94,7810,149],{"class":108},[94,7812,4212],{"class":913},[94,7814,149],{"class":108},[94,7816,77],{"class":1224},[94,7818,921],{"class":108},[24,7820,371],{},[85,7822,7824],{"className":87,"code":7823,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"False\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,7825,7826,7830,7834,7838,7842,7846,7850,7854],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,7827,7828],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,7829,4386],{"class":1224},[94,7831,7832],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,7833,4386],{"class":1224},[94,7835,7836],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,7837,4386],{"class":1224},[94,7839,7840],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,7841,4386],{"class":1224},[94,7843,7844],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,7845,4386],{"class":1224},[94,7847,7848],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,7849,4386],{"class":1224},[94,7851,7852],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,7853,4386],{"class":1224},[94,7855,7856],{"class":96,"line":702},[94,7857,4386],{"class":1224},[80,7859,7861],{"id":7860},"values-that-become-true","Values that become True",[24,7863,7864,7865,7867,7868,7673],{},"Many values become ",[15,7866,1225],{},". These are often called ",[43,7869,5924],{},[24,7871,7676],{},[28,7873,7874,7877,7880,7883,7886,7889],{},[31,7875,7876],{},"non-zero numbers",[31,7878,7879],{},"non-empty strings",[31,7881,7882],{},"non-empty lists",[31,7884,7885],{},"non-empty tuples",[31,7887,7888],{},"non-empty sets",[31,7890,7891],{},"non-empty dictionaries",[24,7893,2566],{},[85,7895,7897],{"className":87,"code":7896,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(bool(5))\nprint(bool(-2))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(bool((1, 2)))\nprint(bool({\"name\": \"Sam\"}))\n",[15,7898,7899,7913,7929,7947,7969,7987],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,7900,7901,7903,7905,7907,7909,7911],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,7902,326],{"class":145},[94,7904,149],{"class":108},[94,7906,4212],{"class":913},[94,7908,149],{"class":108},[94,7910,615],{"class":112},[94,7912,921],{"class":108},[94,7914,7915,7917,7919,7921,7923,7925,7927],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,7916,326],{"class":145},[94,7918,149],{"class":108},[94,7920,4212],{"class":913},[94,7922,149],{"class":108},[94,7924,2380],{"class":104},[94,7926,763],{"class":112},[94,7928,921],{"class":108},[94,7930,7931,7933,7935,7937,7939,7941,7943,7945],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,7932,326],{"class":145},[94,7934,149],{"class":108},[94,7936,4212],{"class":913},[94,7938,149],{"class":108},[94,7940,332],{"class":331},[94,7942,4190],{"class":335},[94,7944,332],{"class":331},[94,7946,921],{"class":108},[94,7948,7949,7951,7953,7955,7957,7959,7961,7963,7965,7967],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,7950,326],{"class":145},[94,7952,149],{"class":108},[94,7954,4212],{"class":913},[94,7956,3342],{"class":108},[94,7958,412],{"class":112},[94,7960,116],{"class":108},[94,7962,124],{"class":112},[94,7964,116],{"class":108},[94,7966,421],{"class":112},[94,7968,3355],{"class":108},[94,7970,7971,7973,7975,7977,7979,7981,7983,7985],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,7972,326],{"class":145},[94,7974,149],{"class":108},[94,7976,4212],{"class":913},[94,7978,5842],{"class":108},[94,7980,412],{"class":112},[94,7982,116],{"class":108},[94,7984,124],{"class":112},[94,7986,3268],{"class":108},[94,7988,7989,7991,7993,7995,7997,7999,8002,8004,8006,8008,8011,8013],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,7990,326],{"class":145},[94,7992,149],{"class":108},[94,7994,4212],{"class":913},[94,7996,5861],{"class":108},[94,7998,332],{"class":331},[94,8000,8001],{"class":335},"name",[94,8003,332],{"class":331},[94,8005,384],{"class":108},[94,8007,1040],{"class":331},[94,8009,8010],{"class":335},"Sam",[94,8012,332],{"class":331},[94,8014,5870],{"class":108},[24,8016,371],{},[85,8018,8020],{"className":87,"code":8019,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"True\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,8021,8022,8026,8030,8034,8038,8042],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,8023,8024],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,8025,4325],{"class":1224},[94,8027,8028],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,8029,4325],{"class":1224},[94,8031,8032],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,8033,4325],{"class":1224},[94,8035,8036],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,8037,4325],{"class":1224},[94,8039,8040],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,8041,4325],{"class":1224},[94,8043,8044],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,8045,4325],{"class":1224},[24,8047,8048],{},"One important example is this:",[85,8050,8052],{"className":87,"code":8051,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(bool(\"False\"))\n",[15,8053,8054],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,8055,8056,8058,8060,8062,8064,8066,8068,8070],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,8057,326],{"class":145},[94,8059,149],{"class":108},[94,8061,4212],{"class":913},[94,8063,149],{"class":108},[94,8065,332],{"class":331},[94,8067,4020],{"class":335},[94,8069,332],{"class":331},[94,8071,921],{"class":108},[24,8073,371],{},[85,8075,8076],{"className":87,"code":4325,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,8077,8078],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,8079,8080],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,8081,4325],{"class":1224},[24,8083,8084,8085,8087,8088,168],{},"Even though the text says ",[15,8086,7012],{},", it is still a non-empty string, so Python treats it as ",[15,8089,1225],{},[80,8091,8093],{"id":8092},"using-bool-in-real-code","Using bool() in real code",[24,8095,8096,8097,8099],{},"You can use ",[15,8098,4157],{}," in simple programs to make your code easier to understand.",[265,8101,8103],{"id":8102},"check-whether-a-list-has-items","Check whether a list has items",[85,8105,8107],{"className":87,"code":8106,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,8108,8109,8132],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,8110,8111,8114,8116,8118,8120,8122,8125,8127,8130],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,8112,8113],{"class":100},"items ",[94,8115,105],{"class":104},[94,8117,109],{"class":108},[94,8119,2688],{"class":112},[94,8121,116],{"class":108},[94,8123,8124],{"class":112}," 20",[94,8126,116],{"class":108},[94,8128,8129],{"class":112}," 30",[94,8131,127],{"class":108},[94,8133,8134,8136,8138,8140,8142,8145],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,8135,326],{"class":145},[94,8137,149],{"class":108},[94,8139,4212],{"class":913},[94,8141,149],{"class":108},[94,8143,8144],{"class":152},"items",[94,8146,921],{"class":108},[24,8148,371],{},[85,8150,8151],{"className":87,"code":4325,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,8152,8153],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,8154,8155],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,8156,4325],{"class":1224},[24,8158,8159],{},"With an empty list:",[85,8161,8163],{"className":87,"code":8162,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"items = []\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,8164,8165,8174],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,8166,8167,8169,8171],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,8168,8113],{"class":100},[94,8170,105],{"class":104},[94,8172,8173],{"class":108}," []\n",[94,8175,8176,8178,8180,8182,8184,8186],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,8177,326],{"class":145},[94,8179,149],{"class":108},[94,8181,4212],{"class":913},[94,8183,149],{"class":108},[94,8185,8144],{"class":152},[94,8187,921],{"class":108},[24,8189,371],{},[85,8191,8192],{"className":87,"code":4386,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,8193,8194],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,8195,8196],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,8197,4386],{"class":1224},[265,8199,8201],{"id":8200},"check-whether-a-string-is-empty","Check whether a string is empty",[85,8203,8205],{"className":87,"code":8204,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"name = \"\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,8206,8207,8217],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,8208,8209,8212,8214],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,8210,8211],{"class":100},"name ",[94,8213,105],{"class":104},[94,8215,8216],{"class":331}," \"\"\n",[94,8218,8219,8221,8223,8225,8227,8229],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,8220,326],{"class":145},[94,8222,149],{"class":108},[94,8224,4212],{"class":913},[94,8226,149],{"class":108},[94,8228,8001],{"class":152},[94,8230,921],{"class":108},[24,8232,371],{},[85,8234,8235],{"className":87,"code":4386,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,8236,8237],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,8238,8239],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,8240,4386],{"class":1224},[85,8242,8244],{"className":87,"code":8243,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"name = \"Mia\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,8245,8246,8259],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,8247,8248,8250,8252,8254,8257],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,8249,8211],{"class":100},[94,8251,105],{"class":104},[94,8253,1040],{"class":331},[94,8255,8256],{"class":335},"Mia",[94,8258,1812],{"class":331},[94,8260,8261,8263,8265,8267,8269,8271],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,8262,326],{"class":145},[94,8264,149],{"class":108},[94,8266,4212],{"class":913},[94,8268,149],{"class":108},[94,8270,8001],{"class":152},[94,8272,921],{"class":108},[24,8274,371],{},[85,8276,8277],{"className":87,"code":4325,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,8278,8279],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,8280,8281],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,8282,4325],{"class":1224},[265,8284,8286],{"id":8285},"convert-a-result-before-printing-or-storing-it","Convert a result before printing or storing it",[85,8288,8290],{"className":87,"code":8289,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"username = \"alex\"\nhas_name = bool(username)\n\nprint(has_name)\n",[15,8291,8292,8306,8323,8327],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,8293,8294,8297,8299,8301,8304],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,8295,8296],{"class":100},"username ",[94,8298,105],{"class":104},[94,8300,1040],{"class":331},[94,8302,8303],{"class":335},"alex",[94,8305,1812],{"class":331},[94,8307,8308,8311,8313,8316,8318,8321],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,8309,8310],{"class":100},"has_name ",[94,8312,105],{"class":104},[94,8314,8315],{"class":913}," bool",[94,8317,149],{"class":108},[94,8319,8320],{"class":152},"username",[94,8322,316],{"class":108},[94,8324,8325],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,8326,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,8328,8329,8331,8333,8336],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,8330,326],{"class":145},[94,8332,149],{"class":108},[94,8334,8335],{"class":152},"has_name",[94,8337,316],{"class":108},[24,8339,371],{},[85,8341,8342],{"className":87,"code":4325,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,8343,8344],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,8345,8346],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,8347,4325],{"class":1224},[24,8349,8350,8351,2167,8353,8355],{},"This can be useful when you want a clear ",[15,8352,1225],{},[15,8354,4020],{}," value instead of checking the original value later.",[265,8357,8359],{"id":8358},"help-understand-conditions","Help understand conditions",[24,8361,8362],{},"Python already checks truthy and falsy values in conditions.",[85,8364,8366],{"className":87,"code":8365,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif numbers:\n    print(\"The list is not empty\")\n",[15,8367,8368,8388,8392,8400],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,8369,8370,8372,8374,8376,8378,8380,8382,8384,8386],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,8371,101],{"class":100},[94,8373,105],{"class":104},[94,8375,109],{"class":108},[94,8377,412],{"class":112},[94,8379,116],{"class":108},[94,8381,124],{"class":112},[94,8383,116],{"class":108},[94,8385,421],{"class":112},[94,8387,127],{"class":108},[94,8389,8390],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,8391,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,8393,8394,8396,8398],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,8395,7330],{"class":4221},[94,8397,343],{"class":100},[94,8399,6726],{"class":108},[94,8401,8402,8405,8407,8409,8412,8414],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,8403,8404],{"class":145},"    print",[94,8406,149],{"class":108},[94,8408,332],{"class":331},[94,8410,8411],{"class":335},"The list is not empty",[94,8413,332],{"class":331},[94,8415,316],{"class":108},[24,8417,371],{},[85,8419,8421],{"className":87,"code":8420,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"The list is not empty\n",[15,8422,8423],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,8424,8425,8427,8429,8432,8435],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,8426,2336],{"class":100},[94,8428,965],{"class":913},[94,8430,8431],{"class":104}," is",[94,8433,8434],{"class":104}," not",[94,8436,8437],{"class":100}," empty\n",[24,8439,8440,8441,168],{},"To learn more about conditions, see ",[434,8442,8444],{"href":8443},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-if-statements-explained\u002F","Python if statements explained",[80,8446,8448],{"id":8447},"important-beginner-warning","Important beginner warning",[24,8450,8451,8452,8454],{},"A very common mistake is expecting ",[15,8453,4157],{}," to understand the meaning of text.",[24,8456,8457],{},"It does not do that.",[265,8459,8461,74,8464],{"id":8460},"boolfalse-returns-true",[15,8462,8463],{},"bool(\"False\")",[15,8465,1225],{},[85,8467,8468],{"className":87,"code":8051,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,8469,8470],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,8471,8472,8474,8476,8478,8480,8482,8484,8486],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,8473,326],{"class":145},[94,8475,149],{"class":108},[94,8477,4212],{"class":913},[94,8479,149],{"class":108},[94,8481,332],{"class":331},[94,8483,4020],{"class":335},[94,8485,332],{"class":331},[94,8487,921],{"class":108},[24,8489,371],{},[85,8491,8492],{"className":87,"code":4325,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,8493,8494],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,8495,8496],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,8497,4325],{"class":1224},[265,8499,8501,74,8504],{"id":8500},"bool0-returns-true",[15,8502,8503],{},"bool(\"0\")",[15,8505,1225],{},[85,8507,8509],{"className":87,"code":8508,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(bool(\"0\"))\n",[15,8510,8511],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,8512,8513,8515,8517,8519,8521,8523,8525,8527],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,8514,326],{"class":145},[94,8516,149],{"class":108},[94,8518,4212],{"class":913},[94,8520,149],{"class":108},[94,8522,332],{"class":331},[94,8524,2476],{"class":335},[94,8526,332],{"class":331},[94,8528,921],{"class":108},[24,8530,371],{},[85,8532,8533],{"className":87,"code":4325,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,8534,8535],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,8536,8537],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,8538,4325],{"class":1224},[24,8540,8541,8542,168],{},"This happens because both values are ",[43,8543,7879],{},[24,8545,8546,8548],{},[15,8547,4157],{}," does not read the word and decide what it means. It only checks whether the value is empty or not.",[24,8550,8551,8552,8557,8558,8560],{},"This matters a lot when working with ",[434,8553,8555],{"href":8554},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained\u002F",[15,8556,3314],{},", because ",[15,8559,3314],{}," always returns a string.",[24,8562,2566],{},[85,8564,8566],{"className":87,"code":8565,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"user_value = input(\"Enter True or False: \")\nprint(bool(user_value))\n",[15,8567,8568,8589],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,8569,8570,8573,8575,8578,8580,8582,8585,8587],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,8571,8572],{"class":100},"user_value ",[94,8574,105],{"class":104},[94,8576,8577],{"class":145}," input",[94,8579,149],{"class":108},[94,8581,332],{"class":331},[94,8583,8584],{"class":335},"Enter True or False: ",[94,8586,332],{"class":331},[94,8588,316],{"class":108},[94,8590,8591,8593,8595,8597,8599,8602],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,8592,326],{"class":145},[94,8594,149],{"class":108},[94,8596,4212],{"class":913},[94,8598,149],{"class":108},[94,8600,8601],{"class":152},"user_value",[94,8603,921],{"class":108},[24,8605,8606,8607,8609,8610,8557,8612,8614],{},"If the user types ",[15,8608,4020],{},", the result will still be ",[15,8611,1225],{},[15,8613,7012],{}," is not empty.",[80,8616,8618],{"id":8617},"when-you-may-not-need-bool","When you may not need bool()",[24,8620,8621,8622,8624,8625,8627],{},"In many ",[15,8623,7330],{}," statements, you do not need to write ",[15,8626,4157],{}," yourself.",[24,8629,8630],{},"Python already checks truthiness for you.",[24,8632,8633],{},"Instead of this:",[85,8635,8637],{"className":87,"code":8636,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif bool(my_list):\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,8638,8639,8660,8664,8677],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,8640,8641,8644,8646,8648,8650,8652,8654,8656,8658],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,8642,8643],{"class":100},"my_list ",[94,8645,105],{"class":104},[94,8647,109],{"class":108},[94,8649,412],{"class":112},[94,8651,116],{"class":108},[94,8653,124],{"class":112},[94,8655,116],{"class":108},[94,8657,421],{"class":112},[94,8659,127],{"class":108},[94,8661,8662],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,8663,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,8665,8666,8668,8670,8672,8674],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,8667,7330],{"class":4221},[94,8669,8315],{"class":913},[94,8671,149],{"class":108},[94,8673,594],{"class":152},[94,8675,8676],{"class":108},"):\n",[94,8678,8679,8681,8683,8685,8688,8690],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,8680,8404],{"class":145},[94,8682,149],{"class":108},[94,8684,332],{"class":331},[94,8686,8687],{"class":335},"List has items",[94,8689,332],{"class":331},[94,8691,316],{"class":108},[24,8693,8694],{},"You can simply write:",[85,8696,8698],{"className":87,"code":8697,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif my_list:\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,8699,8700,8720,8724,8732],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,8701,8702,8704,8706,8708,8710,8712,8714,8716,8718],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,8703,8643],{"class":100},[94,8705,105],{"class":104},[94,8707,109],{"class":108},[94,8709,412],{"class":112},[94,8711,116],{"class":108},[94,8713,124],{"class":112},[94,8715,116],{"class":108},[94,8717,421],{"class":112},[94,8719,127],{"class":108},[94,8721,8722],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,8723,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,8725,8726,8728,8730],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,8727,7330],{"class":4221},[94,8729,2043],{"class":100},[94,8731,6726],{"class":108},[94,8733,8734,8736,8738,8740,8742,8744],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,8735,8404],{"class":145},[94,8737,149],{"class":108},[94,8739,332],{"class":331},[94,8741,8687],{"class":335},[94,8743,332],{"class":331},[94,8745,316],{"class":108},[24,8747,8748],{},"Both examples work.",[24,8750,1484,8751,8753],{},[15,8752,4157],{}," is still helpful when:",[28,8755,8756,8759,8767],{},[31,8757,8758],{},"you are learning how truthy and falsy values work",[31,8760,8761,8762,2167,8764,8766],{},"you want to store a real ",[15,8763,1225],{},[15,8765,4020],{}," value",[31,8768,8769],{},"you want to print the result clearly while debugging",[24,8771,8772,8773,168],{},"If you want to inspect the type of a value, see ",[434,8774,8775],{"href":2656},"Python type() function explained",[80,8777,3186],{"id":3185},[24,8779,8780,8781,168],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with ",[15,8782,4157],{},[265,8784,8786,8787,8789,8790],{"id":8785},"expecting-boolfalse-to-return-false","Expecting ",[15,8788,8463],{}," to return ",[15,8791,4020],{},[24,8793,8794],{},"This is one of the most common problems.",[85,8796,8797],{"className":87,"code":8051,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,8798,8799],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,8800,8801,8803,8805,8807,8809,8811,8813,8815],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,8802,326],{"class":145},[94,8804,149],{"class":108},[94,8806,4212],{"class":913},[94,8808,149],{"class":108},[94,8810,332],{"class":331},[94,8812,4020],{"class":335},[94,8814,332],{"class":331},[94,8816,921],{"class":108},[24,8818,371],{},[85,8820,8821],{"className":87,"code":4325,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,8822,8823],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,8824,8825],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,8826,4325],{"class":1224},[24,8828,8829,8830,7013],{},"Why? Because ",[15,8831,7012],{},[24,8833,8834],{},"If you want to check the actual text, compare the string directly:",[85,8836,8838],{"className":87,"code":8837,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"value = \"False\"\nprint(value == \"True\")\n",[15,8839,8840,8852],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,8841,8842,8844,8846,8848,8850],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,8843,2804],{"class":100},[94,8845,105],{"class":104},[94,8847,1040],{"class":331},[94,8849,4020],{"class":335},[94,8851,1812],{"class":331},[94,8853,8854,8856,8858,8860,8862,8864,8866,8868],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,8855,326],{"class":145},[94,8857,149],{"class":108},[94,8859,2804],{"class":152},[94,8861,5031],{"class":104},[94,8863,1040],{"class":331},[94,8865,1225],{"class":335},[94,8867,332],{"class":331},[94,8869,316],{"class":108},[24,8871,371],{},[85,8873,8874],{"className":87,"code":4386,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,8875,8876],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,8877,8878],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,8879,4386],{"class":1224},[265,8881,8883],{"id":8882},"using-strings-from-input-and-expecting-automatic-yesno-conversion","Using strings from input() and expecting automatic yes\u002Fno conversion",[24,8885,8886,8888],{},[15,8887,3314],{}," returns text, not real Boolean values.",[85,8890,8892],{"className":87,"code":8891,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \")\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,8893,8894,8913],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,8895,8896,8898,8900,8902,8904,8906,8909,8911],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,8897,2804],{"class":100},[94,8899,105],{"class":104},[94,8901,8577],{"class":145},[94,8903,149],{"class":108},[94,8905,332],{"class":331},[94,8907,8908],{"class":335},"Enter yes or no: ",[94,8910,332],{"class":331},[94,8912,316],{"class":108},[94,8914,8915,8917,8919,8921,8923,8925],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,8916,326],{"class":145},[94,8918,149],{"class":108},[94,8920,4212],{"class":913},[94,8922,149],{"class":108},[94,8924,2829],{"class":152},[94,8926,921],{"class":108},[24,8928,8606,8929,8932,8933,8935,8936,8614],{},[15,8930,8931],{},"no",", the result is still ",[15,8934,1225],{}," because ",[15,8937,8938],{},"\"no\"",[24,8940,8941],{},"A safer approach is to clean the text and compare it:",[85,8943,8945],{"className":87,"code":8944,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \").strip().lower()\nprint(value == \"yes\")\n",[15,8946,8947,8976],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,8948,8949,8951,8953,8955,8957,8959,8961,8963,8966,8969,8972,8974],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,8950,2804],{"class":100},[94,8952,105],{"class":104},[94,8954,8577],{"class":145},[94,8956,149],{"class":108},[94,8958,332],{"class":331},[94,8960,8908],{"class":335},[94,8962,332],{"class":331},[94,8964,8965],{"class":108},").",[94,8967,8968],{"class":152},"strip",[94,8970,8971],{"class":108},"().",[94,8973,1378],{"class":152},[94,8975,511],{"class":108},[94,8977,8978,8980,8982,8984,8986,8988,8991,8993],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,8979,326],{"class":145},[94,8981,149],{"class":108},[94,8983,2804],{"class":152},[94,8985,5031],{"class":104},[94,8987,1040],{"class":331},[94,8989,8990],{"class":335},"yes",[94,8992,332],{"class":331},[94,8994,316],{"class":108},[24,8996,8997,8998,9000,9001,168],{},"This gives ",[15,8999,1225],{}," only when the user enters ",[15,9002,8990],{},[265,9004,9006],{"id":9005},"confusing-empty-values-with-the-actual-value-false","Confusing empty values with the actual value False",[24,9008,9009],{},"These are different:",[28,9011,9012,9016,9020,9024,9028],{},[31,9013,9014],{},[15,9015,4020],{},[31,9017,9018],{},[15,9019,2476],{},[31,9021,9022],{},[15,9023,6604],{},[31,9025,9026],{},[15,9027,4131],{},[31,9029,9030],{},[15,9031,77],{},[24,9033,9034,9035,9037,9038,9040],{},"They all become ",[15,9036,4020],{}," with ",[15,9039,4157],{},", but they are not the same value.",[24,9042,9043],{},"You can check the type if needed:",[85,9045,9047],{"className":87,"code":9046,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"value = []\nprint(type(value))\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,9048,9049,9057,9071],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,9050,9051,9053,9055],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,9052,2804],{"class":100},[94,9054,105],{"class":104},[94,9056,8173],{"class":108},[94,9058,9059,9061,9063,9065,9067,9069],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,9060,326],{"class":145},[94,9062,149],{"class":108},[94,9064,914],{"class":913},[94,9066,149],{"class":108},[94,9068,2829],{"class":152},[94,9070,921],{"class":108},[94,9072,9073,9075,9077,9079,9081,9083],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,9074,326],{"class":145},[94,9076,149],{"class":108},[94,9078,4212],{"class":913},[94,9080,149],{"class":108},[94,9082,2829],{"class":152},[94,9084,921],{"class":108},[24,9086,371],{},[85,9088,9090],{"className":87,"code":9089,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"\u003Cclass 'list'>\nFalse\n",[15,9091,9092,9106],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,9093,9094,9096,9098,9100,9102,9104],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,9095,955],{"class":104},[94,9097,959],{"class":958},[94,9099,962],{"class":331},[94,9101,965],{"class":335},[94,9103,968],{"class":331},[94,9105,971],{"class":104},[94,9107,9108],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,9109,4386],{"class":1224},[265,9111,1484,9113,9115],{"id":9112},"using-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,9114,4136],{}," expecting an empty set",[24,9117,9118,9119,9121],{},"In Python, ",[15,9120,4136],{}," creates an empty dictionary, not an empty set.",[85,9123,9125],{"className":87,"code":9124,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(type({}))\n",[15,9126,9127],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,9128,9129,9131,9133,9135],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,9130,326],{"class":145},[94,9132,149],{"class":108},[94,9134,914],{"class":913},[94,9136,7790],{"class":108},[24,9138,371],{},[85,9140,9142],{"className":87,"code":9141,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,9143,9144],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,9145,9146,9148,9150,9152,9155,9157],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,9147,955],{"class":104},[94,9149,959],{"class":958},[94,9151,962],{"class":331},[94,9153,9154],{"class":335},"dict",[94,9156,968],{"class":331},[94,9158,971],{"class":104},[24,9160,9161],{},"To make an empty set, use:",[85,9163,9165],{"className":87,"code":9164,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(type(set()))\n",[15,9166,9167],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,9168,9169,9171,9173,9175,9177,9179],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,9170,326],{"class":145},[94,9172,149],{"class":108},[94,9174,914],{"class":913},[94,9176,149],{"class":108},[94,9178,6619],{"class":913},[94,9180,6622],{"class":108},[24,9182,371],{},[85,9184,9186],{"className":87,"code":9185,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,9187,9188],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,9189,9190,9192,9194,9196,9198,9200],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,9191,955],{"class":104},[94,9193,959],{"class":958},[94,9195,962],{"class":331},[94,9197,6619],{"class":335},[94,9199,968],{"class":331},[94,9201,971],{"class":104},[80,9203,9205],{"id":9204},"helpful-debugging-checks","Helpful debugging checks",[24,9207,9208,9209,9211],{},"If ",[15,9210,4157],{}," gives a result you did not expect, these checks can help:",[85,9213,9215],{"className":87,"code":9214,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(bool(value))\nprint(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(value == \"True\")\nprint(value.strip().lower())\n",[15,9216,9217,9231,9245,9255,9273],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,9218,9219,9221,9223,9225,9227,9229],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,9220,326],{"class":145},[94,9222,149],{"class":108},[94,9224,4212],{"class":913},[94,9226,149],{"class":108},[94,9228,2829],{"class":152},[94,9230,921],{"class":108},[94,9232,9233,9235,9237,9239,9241,9243],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,9234,326],{"class":145},[94,9236,149],{"class":108},[94,9238,914],{"class":913},[94,9240,149],{"class":108},[94,9242,2829],{"class":152},[94,9244,921],{"class":108},[94,9246,9247,9249,9251,9253],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,9248,326],{"class":145},[94,9250,149],{"class":108},[94,9252,2829],{"class":152},[94,9254,316],{"class":108},[94,9256,9257,9259,9261,9263,9265,9267,9269,9271],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,9258,326],{"class":145},[94,9260,149],{"class":108},[94,9262,2804],{"class":152},[94,9264,5031],{"class":104},[94,9266,1040],{"class":331},[94,9268,1225],{"class":335},[94,9270,332],{"class":331},[94,9272,316],{"class":108},[94,9274,9275,9277,9279,9281,9283,9285,9287,9289],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,9276,326],{"class":145},[94,9278,149],{"class":108},[94,9280,2829],{"class":152},[94,9282,168],{"class":108},[94,9284,8968],{"class":152},[94,9286,8971],{"class":108},[94,9288,1378],{"class":152},[94,9290,7527],{"class":108},[24,9292,9293],{},"These are useful for finding out:",[28,9295,9296,9299,9302,9305],{},[31,9297,9298],{},"what the value really is",[31,9300,9301],{},"whether it is a string",[31,9303,9304],{},"whether it contains spaces",[31,9306,9307],{},"whether it matches the text you expected",[24,9309,9310,9311,168],{},"This is especially helpful when handling user input. You may also want to read ",[434,9312,9314],{"href":9313},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-user-input-to-numbers-in-python\u002F","how to convert user input to numbers in Python",[80,9316,2160],{"id":2159},[265,9318,9320],{"id":9319},"what-does-bool-return-in-python","What does bool() return in Python?",[24,9322,9323,9324,2167,9326,168],{},"It returns either ",[15,9325,1225],{},[15,9327,4020],{},[265,9329,9331],{"id":9330},"what-happens-if-i-call-bool-with-no-argument","What happens if I call bool() with no argument?",[24,9333,5485,9334,168],{},[15,9335,4020],{},[265,9337,9339],{"id":9338},"why-does-boolfalse-return-true","Why does bool(\"False\") return True?",[24,9341,9342,9343,168],{},"Because the string is not empty. Non-empty strings are ",[15,9344,1225],{},[265,9346,9348],{"id":9347},"does-bool0-return-false","Does bool(0) return False?",[24,9350,9351,9352,168],{},"Yes. Zero values are ",[15,9353,4020],{},[265,9355,9357],{"id":9356},"should-i-use-bool-inside-every-if-statement","Should I use bool() inside every if statement?",[24,9359,9360,9361,2167,9363,4082],{},"No. Python already treats many values as ",[15,9362,1225],{},[15,9364,4020],{},[80,9366,2232],{"id":2231},[28,9368,9369,9374,9378,9383,9387,9392],{},[31,9370,9371],{},[434,9372,9373],{"href":6108},"Python booleans explained: True and False",[31,9375,9376],{},[434,9377,8444],{"href":8443},[31,9379,9380],{},[434,9381,9382],{"href":8554},"Python input() function explained",[31,9384,9385],{},[434,9386,8775],{"href":2656},[31,9388,9389],{},[434,9390,9391],{"href":9313},"How to convert user input to numbers in Python",[31,9393,9394],{},[434,9395,9396],{"href":7543},"What is a Boolean in Python?",[2260,9398,9399],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":90,"searchDepth":130,"depth":130,"links":9401},[9402,9403,9404,9405,9406,9407,9413,9419,9420,9428,9429,9436],{"id":82,"depth":130,"text":83},{"id":7480,"depth":130,"text":7481},{"id":7547,"depth":130,"text":7548},{"id":7666,"depth":130,"text":7667},{"id":7860,"depth":130,"text":7861},{"id":8092,"depth":130,"text":8093,"children":9408},[9409,9410,9411,9412],{"id":8102,"depth":137,"text":8103},{"id":8200,"depth":137,"text":8201},{"id":8285,"depth":137,"text":8286},{"id":8358,"depth":137,"text":8359},{"id":8447,"depth":130,"text":8448,"children":9414},[9415,9417],{"id":8460,"depth":137,"text":9416},"bool(\"False\") returns True",{"id":8500,"depth":137,"text":9418},"bool(\"0\") returns True",{"id":8617,"depth":130,"text":8618},{"id":3185,"depth":130,"text":3186,"children":9421},[9422,9424,9425,9426],{"id":8785,"depth":137,"text":9423},"Expecting bool(\"False\") to return False",{"id":8882,"depth":137,"text":8883},{"id":9005,"depth":137,"text":9006},{"id":9112,"depth":137,"text":9427},"Using {} expecting an empty set",{"id":9204,"depth":130,"text":9205},{"id":2159,"depth":130,"text":2160,"children":9430},[9431,9432,9433,9434,9435],{"id":9319,"depth":137,"text":9320},{"id":9330,"depth":137,"text":9331},{"id":9338,"depth":137,"text":9339},{"id":9347,"depth":137,"text":9348},{"id":9356,"depth":137,"text":9357},{"id":2231,"depth":130,"text":2232},"Master python bool function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained",{"title":7307,"description":9437},"reference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained","pI2oMfdg_YnAHiyOUFPGbqEmJXu7efHhSyUkPc3C068",{"id":9444,"title":9445,"body":9446,"description":11633,"extension":2319,"meta":11634,"navigation":133,"path":11635,"seo":11636,"stem":11637,"__hash__":11638},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained.md","Python dict() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":9447,"toc":11595},[9448,9454,9460,9467,9472,9483,9490,9597,9601,9670,9675,9680,9685,9688,9699,9704,9707,9718,9725,9727,9732,9736,9761,9765,9774,9778,9841,9845,9878,9882,9927,9931,9968,9972,9975,10031,10035,10080,10083,10088,10127,10131,10154,10157,10171,10184,10188,10193,10260,10264,10300,10303,10311,10314,10378,10382,10414,10420,10422,10482,10489,10492,10570,10574,10607,10611,10614,10658,10662,10698,10701,10718,10721,10724,10777,10780,10791,10798,10807,10810,10868,10872,10913,10920,10927,10932,10940,10952,10957,10968,11041,11043,11055,11070,11074,11079,11083,11085,11128,11134,11136,11199,11203,11206,11215,11220,11257,11261,11264,11272,11275,11314,11318,11321,11372,11376,11397,11404,11406,11412,11439,11442,11497,11500,11511,11513,11520,11528,11534,11539,11546,11549,11556,11563,11565,11592],[10,9449,13,9451,3930],{"id":9450},"python-dict-function-explained",[15,9452,9453],{},"dict()",[24,9455,9456,9457,9459],{},"The built-in ",[15,9458,9453],{}," function creates a new dictionary.",[24,9461,9462,9463,9466],{},"A dictionary stores data as ",[43,9464,9465],{},"key-value pairs",". You use it when you want to connect one piece of data to another, such as a name to an age or a product to a price.",[24,9468,9469,9471],{},[15,9470,9453],{}," is commonly used to:",[28,9473,9474,9477,9480],{},[31,9475,9476],{},"create an empty dictionary",[31,9478,9479],{},"convert key-value pairs into a dictionary",[31,9481,9482],{},"build a dictionary from keyword arguments",[24,9484,9485,9486,168],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, see ",[434,9487,9489],{"href":9488},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained\u002F","Python dictionaries explained",[85,9491,9493],{"className":87,"code":9492,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n\npairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\nprint(dict(pairs))\n",[15,9494,9495,9529,9540,9544,9582],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,9496,9497,9500,9502,9505,9507,9509,9511,9513,9515,9517,9519,9522,9524,9527],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,9498,9499],{"class":100},"data ",[94,9501,105],{"class":104},[94,9503,9504],{"class":913}," dict",[94,9506,149],{"class":108},[94,9508,8001],{"class":1218},[94,9510,105],{"class":104},[94,9512,968],{"class":331},[94,9514,1043],{"class":335},[94,9516,968],{"class":331},[94,9518,116],{"class":108},[94,9520,9521],{"class":1218}," age",[94,9523,105],{"class":104},[94,9525,9526],{"class":112},"25",[94,9528,316],{"class":108},[94,9530,9531,9533,9535,9538],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,9532,326],{"class":145},[94,9534,149],{"class":108},[94,9536,9537],{"class":152},"data",[94,9539,316],{"class":108},[94,9541,9542],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,9543,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,9545,9546,9549,9551,9554,9556,9558,9560,9562,9564,9567,9569,9571,9573,9575,9577,9579],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,9547,9548],{"class":100},"pairs ",[94,9550,105],{"class":104},[94,9552,9553],{"class":108}," [(",[94,9555,968],{"class":331},[94,9557,434],{"class":335},[94,9559,968],{"class":331},[94,9561,116],{"class":108},[94,9563,119],{"class":112},[94,9565,9566],{"class":108},"),",[94,9568,854],{"class":108},[94,9570,968],{"class":331},[94,9572,1937],{"class":335},[94,9574,968],{"class":331},[94,9576,116],{"class":108},[94,9578,124],{"class":112},[94,9580,9581],{"class":108},")]\n",[94,9583,9584,9586,9588,9590,9592,9595],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,9585,326],{"class":145},[94,9587,149],{"class":108},[94,9589,9154],{"class":913},[94,9591,149],{"class":108},[94,9593,9594],{"class":152},"pairs",[94,9596,921],{"class":108},[24,9598,9599],{},[43,9600,371],{},[85,9602,9604],{"className":87,"code":9603,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,9605,9606,9642],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,9607,9608,9611,9613,9615,9617,9619,9621,9623,9625,9627,9629,9632,9634,9636,9639],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,9609,9610],{"class":108},"{",[94,9612,968],{"class":331},[94,9614,8001],{"class":335},[94,9616,968],{"class":331},[94,9618,384],{"class":108},[94,9620,962],{"class":331},[94,9622,1043],{"class":335},[94,9624,968],{"class":331},[94,9626,116],{"class":108},[94,9628,962],{"class":331},[94,9630,9631],{"class":335},"age",[94,9633,968],{"class":331},[94,9635,384],{"class":108},[94,9637,9638],{"class":112}," 25",[94,9640,9641],{"class":108},"}\n",[94,9643,9644,9646,9648,9650,9652,9654,9656,9658,9660,9662,9664,9666,9668],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,9645,9610],{"class":108},[94,9647,968],{"class":331},[94,9649,434],{"class":335},[94,9651,968],{"class":331},[94,9653,384],{"class":108},[94,9655,119],{"class":112},[94,9657,116],{"class":108},[94,9659,962],{"class":331},[94,9661,1937],{"class":335},[94,9663,968],{"class":331},[94,9665,384],{"class":108},[94,9667,124],{"class":112},[94,9669,9641],{"class":108},[24,9671,54,9672,9674],{},[15,9673,9453],{}," to create a dictionary from keyword arguments or from key-value pairs.",[80,9676,215,9678,218],{"id":9677},"what-dict-does",[15,9679,9453],{},[24,9681,9682,9684],{},[15,9683,9453],{}," creates a new dictionary object.",[24,9686,9687],{},"A dictionary:",[28,9689,9690,9693,9696],{},[31,9691,9692],{},"stores data in key-value pairs",[31,9694,9695],{},"lets you look up values by key",[31,9697,9698],{},"is one of the most common Python data types",[24,9700,9701,9703],{},[15,9702,9453],{}," is a built-in Python function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[24,9705,9706],{},"Common uses include:",[28,9708,9709,9712,9715],{},[31,9710,9711],{},"making an empty dictionary",[31,9713,9714],{},"converting pairs into a dictionary",[31,9716,9717],{},"building a dictionary from keyword arguments",[24,9719,9720,9721,168],{},"If you want a broader introduction to dictionary creation, see ",[434,9722,9724],{"href":9723},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary\u002F","creating a dictionary in Python",[80,9726,2514],{"id":2513},[24,9728,9729,9731],{},[15,9730,9453],{}," can be used in a few different ways.",[265,9733,9735],{"id":9734},"create-an-empty-dictionary","Create an empty dictionary",[85,9737,9739],{"className":87,"code":9738,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"data = dict()\nprint(data)\n",[15,9740,9741,9751],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,9742,9743,9745,9747,9749],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,9744,9499],{"class":100},[94,9746,105],{"class":104},[94,9748,9504],{"class":913},[94,9750,511],{"class":108},[94,9752,9753,9755,9757,9759],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,9754,326],{"class":145},[94,9756,149],{"class":108},[94,9758,9537],{"class":152},[94,9760,316],{"class":108},[24,9762,9763],{},[43,9764,371],{},[85,9766,9768],{"className":87,"code":9767,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"{}\n",[15,9769,9770],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,9771,9772],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,9773,9767],{"class":108},[265,9775,9777],{"id":9776},"create-a-dictionary-from-pairs","Create a dictionary from pairs",[85,9779,9781],{"className":87,"code":9780,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9782,9783,9817,9831],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,9784,9785,9787,9789,9791,9793,9795,9797,9799,9801,9803,9805,9807,9809,9811,9813,9815],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,9786,9548],{"class":100},[94,9788,105],{"class":104},[94,9790,9553],{"class":108},[94,9792,968],{"class":331},[94,9794,434],{"class":335},[94,9796,968],{"class":331},[94,9798,116],{"class":108},[94,9800,119],{"class":112},[94,9802,9566],{"class":108},[94,9804,854],{"class":108},[94,9806,968],{"class":331},[94,9808,1937],{"class":335},[94,9810,968],{"class":331},[94,9812,116],{"class":108},[94,9814,124],{"class":112},[94,9816,9581],{"class":108},[94,9818,9819,9821,9823,9825,9827,9829],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,9820,9499],{"class":100},[94,9822,105],{"class":104},[94,9824,9504],{"class":913},[94,9826,149],{"class":108},[94,9828,9594],{"class":152},[94,9830,316],{"class":108},[94,9832,9833,9835,9837,9839],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,9834,326],{"class":145},[94,9836,149],{"class":108},[94,9838,9537],{"class":152},[94,9840,316],{"class":108},[24,9842,9843],{},[43,9844,371],{},[85,9846,9848],{"className":87,"code":9847,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,9849,9850],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,9851,9852,9854,9856,9858,9860,9862,9864,9866,9868,9870,9872,9874,9876],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,9853,9610],{"class":108},[94,9855,968],{"class":331},[94,9857,434],{"class":335},[94,9859,968],{"class":331},[94,9861,384],{"class":108},[94,9863,119],{"class":112},[94,9865,116],{"class":108},[94,9867,962],{"class":331},[94,9869,1937],{"class":335},[94,9871,968],{"class":331},[94,9873,384],{"class":108},[94,9875,124],{"class":112},[94,9877,9641],{"class":108},[265,9879,9881],{"id":9880},"create-a-dictionary-from-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary from keyword arguments",[85,9883,9885],{"className":87,"code":9884,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9886,9887,9917],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,9888,9889,9891,9893,9895,9897,9899,9901,9903,9905,9907,9909,9911,9913,9915],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,9890,9499],{"class":100},[94,9892,105],{"class":104},[94,9894,9504],{"class":913},[94,9896,149],{"class":108},[94,9898,8001],{"class":1218},[94,9900,105],{"class":104},[94,9902,968],{"class":331},[94,9904,1043],{"class":335},[94,9906,968],{"class":331},[94,9908,116],{"class":108},[94,9910,9521],{"class":1218},[94,9912,105],{"class":104},[94,9914,9526],{"class":112},[94,9916,316],{"class":108},[94,9918,9919,9921,9923,9925],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,9920,326],{"class":145},[94,9922,149],{"class":108},[94,9924,9537],{"class":152},[94,9926,316],{"class":108},[24,9928,9929],{},[43,9930,371],{},[85,9932,9934],{"className":87,"code":9933,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n",[15,9935,9936],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,9937,9938,9940,9942,9944,9946,9948,9950,9952,9954,9956,9958,9960,9962,9964,9966],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,9939,9610],{"class":108},[94,9941,968],{"class":331},[94,9943,8001],{"class":335},[94,9945,968],{"class":331},[94,9947,384],{"class":108},[94,9949,962],{"class":331},[94,9951,1043],{"class":335},[94,9953,968],{"class":331},[94,9955,116],{"class":108},[94,9957,962],{"class":331},[94,9959,9631],{"class":335},[94,9961,968],{"class":331},[94,9963,384],{"class":108},[94,9965,9638],{"class":112},[94,9967,9641],{"class":108},[265,9969,9971],{"id":9970},"combine-pairs-or-a-mapping-with-keyword-arguments","Combine pairs or a mapping with keyword arguments",[24,9973,9974],{},"You can also start with existing data and add more values:",[85,9976,9978],{"className":87,"code":9977,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"data = dict([('a', 1)], b=2, c=3)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9979,9980,10021],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,9981,9982,9984,9986,9988,9991,9993,9995,9997,9999,10001,10004,10006,10008,10010,10012,10015,10017,10019],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,9983,9499],{"class":100},[94,9985,105],{"class":104},[94,9987,9504],{"class":913},[94,9989,9990],{"class":108},"([(",[94,9992,968],{"class":331},[94,9994,434],{"class":335},[94,9996,968],{"class":331},[94,9998,116],{"class":108},[94,10000,119],{"class":112},[94,10002,10003],{"class":108},")],",[94,10005,2914],{"class":1218},[94,10007,105],{"class":104},[94,10009,763],{"class":112},[94,10011,116],{"class":108},[94,10013,10014],{"class":1218}," c",[94,10016,105],{"class":104},[94,10018,113],{"class":112},[94,10020,316],{"class":108},[94,10022,10023,10025,10027,10029],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,10024,326],{"class":145},[94,10026,149],{"class":108},[94,10028,9537],{"class":152},[94,10030,316],{"class":108},[24,10032,10033],{},[43,10034,371],{},[85,10036,10038],{"className":87,"code":10037,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}\n",[15,10039,10040],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,10041,10042,10044,10046,10048,10050,10052,10054,10056,10058,10060,10062,10064,10066,10068,10070,10072,10074,10076,10078],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,10043,9610],{"class":108},[94,10045,968],{"class":331},[94,10047,434],{"class":335},[94,10049,968],{"class":331},[94,10051,384],{"class":108},[94,10053,119],{"class":112},[94,10055,116],{"class":108},[94,10057,962],{"class":331},[94,10059,1937],{"class":335},[94,10061,968],{"class":331},[94,10063,384],{"class":108},[94,10065,124],{"class":112},[94,10067,116],{"class":108},[94,10069,962],{"class":331},[94,10071,1946],{"class":335},[94,10073,968],{"class":331},[94,10075,384],{"class":108},[94,10077,421],{"class":112},[94,10079,9641],{"class":108},[80,10081,9735],{"id":10082},"create-an-empty-dictionary-1",[24,10084,54,10085,10087],{},[15,10086,9453],{}," when you want a clear function-style way to create an empty dictionary.",[85,10089,10091],{"className":87,"code":10090,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"data = dict()\nprint(type(data))\nprint(data)\n",[15,10092,10093,10103,10117],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,10094,10095,10097,10099,10101],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,10096,9499],{"class":100},[94,10098,105],{"class":104},[94,10100,9504],{"class":913},[94,10102,511],{"class":108},[94,10104,10105,10107,10109,10111,10113,10115],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,10106,326],{"class":145},[94,10108,149],{"class":108},[94,10110,914],{"class":913},[94,10112,149],{"class":108},[94,10114,9537],{"class":152},[94,10116,921],{"class":108},[94,10118,10119,10121,10123,10125],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,10120,326],{"class":145},[94,10122,149],{"class":108},[94,10124,9537],{"class":152},[94,10126,316],{"class":108},[24,10128,10129],{},[43,10130,371],{},[85,10132,10134],{"className":87,"code":10133,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n{}\n",[15,10135,10136,10150],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,10137,10138,10140,10142,10144,10146,10148],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,10139,955],{"class":104},[94,10141,959],{"class":958},[94,10143,962],{"class":331},[94,10145,9154],{"class":335},[94,10147,968],{"class":331},[94,10149,971],{"class":104},[94,10151,10152],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,10153,9767],{"class":108},[24,10155,10156],{},"This gives the same result as:",[85,10158,10160],{"className":87,"code":10159,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"data = {}\n",[15,10161,10162],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,10163,10164,10166,10168],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,10165,9499],{"class":100},[94,10167,105],{"class":104},[94,10169,10170],{"class":108}," {}\n",[24,10172,10173,10174,10176,10177,10180,10181,10183],{},"For empty dictionaries, ",[15,10175,4136],{}," is more common because it is shorter.",[10178,10179],"br",{},"\nStill, ",[15,10182,9453],{}," is useful to know because it can do more than just create an empty dictionary.",[80,10185,10187],{"id":10186},"create-a-dictionary-from-key-value-pairs","Create a dictionary from key-value pairs",[24,10189,10190,10191,168],{},"You can pass an iterable of 2-item pairs to ",[15,10192,9453],{},[85,10194,10196],{"className":87,"code":10195,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"pairs = [('name', 'Alice'), ('age', 25)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10197,10198,10236,10250],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,10199,10200,10202,10204,10206,10208,10210,10212,10214,10216,10218,10220,10222,10224,10226,10228,10230,10232,10234],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,10201,9548],{"class":100},[94,10203,105],{"class":104},[94,10205,9553],{"class":108},[94,10207,968],{"class":331},[94,10209,8001],{"class":335},[94,10211,968],{"class":331},[94,10213,116],{"class":108},[94,10215,962],{"class":331},[94,10217,1043],{"class":335},[94,10219,968],{"class":331},[94,10221,9566],{"class":108},[94,10223,854],{"class":108},[94,10225,968],{"class":331},[94,10227,9631],{"class":335},[94,10229,968],{"class":331},[94,10231,116],{"class":108},[94,10233,9638],{"class":112},[94,10235,9581],{"class":108},[94,10237,10238,10240,10242,10244,10246,10248],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,10239,9499],{"class":100},[94,10241,105],{"class":104},[94,10243,9504],{"class":913},[94,10245,149],{"class":108},[94,10247,9594],{"class":152},[94,10249,316],{"class":108},[94,10251,10252,10254,10256,10258],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,10253,326],{"class":145},[94,10255,149],{"class":108},[94,10257,9537],{"class":152},[94,10259,316],{"class":108},[24,10261,10262],{},[43,10263,371],{},[85,10265,10266],{"className":87,"code":9933,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,10267,10268],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,10269,10270,10272,10274,10276,10278,10280,10282,10284,10286,10288,10290,10292,10294,10296,10298],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,10271,9610],{"class":108},[94,10273,968],{"class":331},[94,10275,8001],{"class":335},[94,10277,968],{"class":331},[94,10279,384],{"class":108},[94,10281,962],{"class":331},[94,10283,1043],{"class":335},[94,10285,968],{"class":331},[94,10287,116],{"class":108},[94,10289,962],{"class":331},[94,10291,9631],{"class":335},[94,10293,968],{"class":331},[94,10295,384],{"class":108},[94,10297,9638],{"class":112},[94,10299,9641],{"class":108},[24,10301,10302],{},"Each pair becomes:",[28,10304,10305,10308],{},[31,10306,10307],{},"the first item as the key",[31,10309,10310],{},"the second item as the value",[24,10312,10313],{},"For example, this also works with tuples:",[85,10315,10317],{"className":87,"code":10316,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"pairs = (('a', 1), ('b', 2))\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10318,10319,10354,10368],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,10320,10321,10323,10325,10328,10330,10332,10334,10336,10338,10340,10342,10344,10346,10348,10350,10352],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,10322,9548],{"class":100},[94,10324,105],{"class":104},[94,10326,10327],{"class":108}," ((",[94,10329,968],{"class":331},[94,10331,434],{"class":335},[94,10333,968],{"class":331},[94,10335,116],{"class":108},[94,10337,119],{"class":112},[94,10339,9566],{"class":108},[94,10341,854],{"class":108},[94,10343,968],{"class":331},[94,10345,1937],{"class":335},[94,10347,968],{"class":331},[94,10349,116],{"class":108},[94,10351,124],{"class":112},[94,10353,921],{"class":108},[94,10355,10356,10358,10360,10362,10364,10366],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,10357,9499],{"class":100},[94,10359,105],{"class":104},[94,10361,9504],{"class":913},[94,10363,149],{"class":108},[94,10365,9594],{"class":152},[94,10367,316],{"class":108},[94,10369,10370,10372,10374,10376],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,10371,326],{"class":145},[94,10373,149],{"class":108},[94,10375,9537],{"class":152},[94,10377,316],{"class":108},[24,10379,10380],{},[43,10381,371],{},[85,10383,10384],{"className":87,"code":9847,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,10385,10386],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,10387,10388,10390,10392,10394,10396,10398,10400,10402,10404,10406,10408,10410,10412],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,10389,9610],{"class":108},[94,10391,968],{"class":331},[94,10393,434],{"class":335},[94,10395,968],{"class":331},[94,10397,384],{"class":108},[94,10399,119],{"class":112},[94,10401,116],{"class":108},[94,10403,962],{"class":331},[94,10405,1937],{"class":335},[94,10407,968],{"class":331},[94,10409,384],{"class":108},[94,10411,124],{"class":112},[94,10413,9641],{"class":108},[24,10415,10416,10417,168],{},"Each item must contain ",[43,10418,10419],{},"exactly two elements",[24,10421,3193],{},[85,10423,10425],{"className":87,"code":10424,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"bad_data = [('a', 1, 100), ('b', 2)]\nresult = dict(bad_data)\n",[15,10426,10427,10467],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,10428,10429,10432,10434,10436,10438,10440,10442,10444,10446,10448,10451,10453,10455,10457,10459,10461,10463,10465],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,10430,10431],{"class":100},"bad_data ",[94,10433,105],{"class":104},[94,10435,9553],{"class":108},[94,10437,968],{"class":331},[94,10439,434],{"class":335},[94,10441,968],{"class":331},[94,10443,116],{"class":108},[94,10445,119],{"class":112},[94,10447,116],{"class":108},[94,10449,10450],{"class":112}," 100",[94,10452,9566],{"class":108},[94,10454,854],{"class":108},[94,10456,968],{"class":331},[94,10458,1937],{"class":335},[94,10460,968],{"class":331},[94,10462,116],{"class":108},[94,10464,124],{"class":112},[94,10466,9581],{"class":108},[94,10468,10469,10471,10473,10475,10477,10480],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,10470,305],{"class":100},[94,10472,105],{"class":104},[94,10474,9504],{"class":913},[94,10476,149],{"class":108},[94,10478,10479],{"class":152},"bad_data",[94,10481,316],{"class":108},[24,10483,10484,10485,10488],{},"Python raises an error because ",[15,10486,10487],{},"('a', 1, 100)"," has three values, not two.",[24,10490,10491],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the later value replaces the earlier one:",[85,10493,10495],{"className":87,"code":10494,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('a', 99), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10496,10497,10546,10560],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,10498,10499,10501,10503,10505,10507,10509,10511,10513,10515,10517,10519,10521,10523,10525,10527,10530,10532,10534,10536,10538,10540,10542,10544],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,10500,9548],{"class":100},[94,10502,105],{"class":104},[94,10504,9553],{"class":108},[94,10506,968],{"class":331},[94,10508,434],{"class":335},[94,10510,968],{"class":331},[94,10512,116],{"class":108},[94,10514,119],{"class":112},[94,10516,9566],{"class":108},[94,10518,854],{"class":108},[94,10520,968],{"class":331},[94,10522,434],{"class":335},[94,10524,968],{"class":331},[94,10526,116],{"class":108},[94,10528,10529],{"class":112}," 99",[94,10531,9566],{"class":108},[94,10533,854],{"class":108},[94,10535,968],{"class":331},[94,10537,1937],{"class":335},[94,10539,968],{"class":331},[94,10541,116],{"class":108},[94,10543,124],{"class":112},[94,10545,9581],{"class":108},[94,10547,10548,10550,10552,10554,10556,10558],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,10549,9499],{"class":100},[94,10551,105],{"class":104},[94,10553,9504],{"class":913},[94,10555,149],{"class":108},[94,10557,9594],{"class":152},[94,10559,316],{"class":108},[94,10561,10562,10564,10566,10568],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,10563,326],{"class":145},[94,10565,149],{"class":108},[94,10567,9537],{"class":152},[94,10569,316],{"class":108},[24,10571,10572],{},[43,10573,371],{},[85,10575,10577],{"className":87,"code":10576,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"{'a': 99, 'b': 2}\n",[15,10578,10579],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,10580,10581,10583,10585,10587,10589,10591,10593,10595,10597,10599,10601,10603,10605],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,10582,9610],{"class":108},[94,10584,968],{"class":331},[94,10586,434],{"class":335},[94,10588,968],{"class":331},[94,10590,384],{"class":108},[94,10592,10529],{"class":112},[94,10594,116],{"class":108},[94,10596,962],{"class":331},[94,10598,1937],{"class":335},[94,10600,968],{"class":331},[94,10602,384],{"class":108},[94,10604,124],{"class":112},[94,10606,9641],{"class":108},[80,10608,10610],{"id":10609},"create-a-dictionary-with-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary with keyword arguments",[24,10612,10613],{},"You can also build a dictionary using keyword arguments:",[85,10615,10616],{"className":87,"code":9884,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,10617,10618,10648],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,10619,10620,10622,10624,10626,10628,10630,10632,10634,10636,10638,10640,10642,10644,10646],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,10621,9499],{"class":100},[94,10623,105],{"class":104},[94,10625,9504],{"class":913},[94,10627,149],{"class":108},[94,10629,8001],{"class":1218},[94,10631,105],{"class":104},[94,10633,968],{"class":331},[94,10635,1043],{"class":335},[94,10637,968],{"class":331},[94,10639,116],{"class":108},[94,10641,9521],{"class":1218},[94,10643,105],{"class":104},[94,10645,9526],{"class":112},[94,10647,316],{"class":108},[94,10649,10650,10652,10654,10656],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,10651,326],{"class":145},[94,10653,149],{"class":108},[94,10655,9537],{"class":152},[94,10657,316],{"class":108},[24,10659,10660],{},[43,10661,371],{},[85,10663,10664],{"className":87,"code":9933,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,10665,10666],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,10667,10668,10670,10672,10674,10676,10678,10680,10682,10684,10686,10688,10690,10692,10694,10696],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,10669,9610],{"class":108},[94,10671,968],{"class":331},[94,10673,8001],{"class":335},[94,10675,968],{"class":331},[94,10677,384],{"class":108},[94,10679,962],{"class":331},[94,10681,1043],{"class":335},[94,10683,968],{"class":331},[94,10685,116],{"class":108},[94,10687,962],{"class":331},[94,10689,9631],{"class":335},[94,10691,968],{"class":331},[94,10693,384],{"class":108},[94,10695,9638],{"class":112},[94,10697,9641],{"class":108},[24,10699,10700],{},"In this form:",[28,10702,10703,10711],{},[31,10704,10705,10707,10708],{},[15,10706,8001],{}," becomes the string key ",[15,10709,10710],{},"'name'",[31,10712,10713,10707,10715],{},[15,10714,9631],{},[15,10716,10717],{},"'age'",[24,10719,10720],{},"This only works when the key names are valid Python identifiers.",[24,10722,10723],{},"Valid examples:",[85,10725,10727],{"className":87,"code":10726,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"data = dict(city='Paris', country='France')\nprint(data)\n",[15,10728,10729,10767],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,10730,10731,10733,10735,10737,10739,10742,10744,10746,10749,10751,10753,10756,10758,10760,10763,10765],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,10732,9499],{"class":100},[94,10734,105],{"class":104},[94,10736,9504],{"class":913},[94,10738,149],{"class":108},[94,10740,10741],{"class":1218},"city",[94,10743,105],{"class":104},[94,10745,968],{"class":331},[94,10747,10748],{"class":335},"Paris",[94,10750,968],{"class":331},[94,10752,116],{"class":108},[94,10754,10755],{"class":1218}," country",[94,10757,105],{"class":104},[94,10759,968],{"class":331},[94,10761,10762],{"class":335},"France",[94,10764,968],{"class":331},[94,10766,316],{"class":108},[94,10768,10769,10771,10773,10775],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,10770,326],{"class":145},[94,10772,149],{"class":108},[94,10774,9537],{"class":152},[94,10776,316],{"class":108},[24,10778,10779],{},"Invalid key names include ones with:",[28,10781,10782,10785,10788],{},[31,10783,10784],{},"spaces",[31,10786,10787],{},"hyphens",[31,10789,10790],{},"names that start with numbers",[24,10792,10793,10794,10797],{},"For example, this is ",[43,10795,10796],{},"not valid"," syntax:",[85,10799,10801],{"className":87,"code":10800,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"# dict(first-name='Sam')\n",[15,10802,10803],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,10804,10805],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,10806,10800],{"class":159},[24,10808,10809],{},"If you need keys like that, use normal dictionary syntax instead:",[85,10811,10813],{"className":87,"code":10812,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,10814,10815,10858],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,10816,10817,10819,10821,10824,10826,10829,10831,10833,10835,10837,10839,10841,10843,10846,10848,10850,10852,10854,10856],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,10818,9499],{"class":100},[94,10820,105],{"class":104},[94,10822,10823],{"class":108}," {",[94,10825,968],{"class":331},[94,10827,10828],{"class":335},"first-name",[94,10830,968],{"class":331},[94,10832,384],{"class":108},[94,10834,962],{"class":331},[94,10836,8010],{"class":335},[94,10838,968],{"class":331},[94,10840,116],{"class":108},[94,10842,962],{"class":331},[94,10844,10845],{"class":335},"first name",[94,10847,968],{"class":331},[94,10849,384],{"class":108},[94,10851,962],{"class":331},[94,10853,8010],{"class":335},[94,10855,968],{"class":331},[94,10857,9641],{"class":108},[94,10859,10860,10862,10864,10866],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,10861,326],{"class":145},[94,10863,149],{"class":108},[94,10865,9537],{"class":152},[94,10867,316],{"class":108},[24,10869,10870],{},[43,10871,371],{},[85,10873,10875],{"className":87,"code":10874,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"{'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\n",[15,10876,10877],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,10878,10879,10881,10883,10885,10887,10889,10891,10893,10895,10897,10899,10901,10903,10905,10907,10909,10911],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,10880,9610],{"class":108},[94,10882,968],{"class":331},[94,10884,10828],{"class":335},[94,10886,968],{"class":331},[94,10888,384],{"class":108},[94,10890,962],{"class":331},[94,10892,8010],{"class":335},[94,10894,968],{"class":331},[94,10896,116],{"class":108},[94,10898,962],{"class":331},[94,10900,10845],{"class":335},[94,10902,968],{"class":331},[94,10904,384],{"class":108},[94,10906,962],{"class":331},[94,10908,8010],{"class":335},[94,10910,968],{"class":331},[94,10912,9641],{"class":108},[80,10914,10916,18,10918],{"id":10915},"dict-vs",[15,10917,9453],{},[15,10919,4136],{},[24,10921,1146,10922,1139,10924,10926],{},[15,10923,9453],{},[15,10925,4136],{}," create dictionaries, but they are used in slightly different situations.",[265,10928,54,10930,822],{"id":10929},"use-when",[15,10931,4136],{},[28,10933,10934,10937],{},[31,10935,10936],{},"you want an empty dictionary",[31,10938,10939],{},"you want the shortest and most common syntax",[85,10941,10942],{"className":87,"code":10159,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,10943,10944],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,10945,10946,10948,10950],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,10947,9499],{"class":100},[94,10949,105],{"class":104},[94,10951,10170],{"class":108},[265,10953,54,10955,822],{"id":10954},"use-dict-when",[15,10956,9453],{},[28,10958,10959,10962,10965],{},[31,10960,10961],{},"you want to convert existing key-value pairs into a dictionary",[31,10963,10964],{},"you want to use keyword arguments",[31,10966,10967],{},"the function form makes the code easier to read",[85,10969,10971],{"className":87,"code":10970,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"data = dict([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\ninfo = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\n",[15,10972,10973,11010],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,10974,10975,10977,10979,10981,10983,10985,10987,10989,10991,10993,10995,10997,10999,11001,11003,11005,11007],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,10976,9499],{"class":100},[94,10978,105],{"class":104},[94,10980,9504],{"class":913},[94,10982,9990],{"class":108},[94,10984,968],{"class":331},[94,10986,434],{"class":335},[94,10988,968],{"class":331},[94,10990,116],{"class":108},[94,10992,119],{"class":112},[94,10994,9566],{"class":108},[94,10996,854],{"class":108},[94,10998,968],{"class":331},[94,11000,1937],{"class":335},[94,11002,968],{"class":331},[94,11004,116],{"class":108},[94,11006,124],{"class":112},[94,11008,11009],{"class":108},")])\n",[94,11011,11012,11015,11017,11019,11021,11023,11025,11027,11029,11031,11033,11035,11037,11039],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,11013,11014],{"class":100},"info ",[94,11016,105],{"class":104},[94,11018,9504],{"class":913},[94,11020,149],{"class":108},[94,11022,8001],{"class":1218},[94,11024,105],{"class":104},[94,11026,968],{"class":331},[94,11028,1043],{"class":335},[94,11030,968],{"class":331},[94,11032,116],{"class":108},[94,11034,9521],{"class":1218},[94,11036,105],{"class":104},[94,11038,9526],{"class":112},[94,11040,316],{"class":108},[24,11042,799],{},[28,11044,11045,11050],{},[31,11046,11047,11049],{},[15,11048,4136],{}," is shorter for an empty dictionary",[31,11051,11052,11054],{},[15,11053,9453],{}," is more flexible when building a dictionary from other data",[24,11056,11057,11058,11062,11063,168],{},"After creating a dictionary, you may want to ",[434,11059,11061],{"href":11060},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","add a key to a dictionary in Python"," or safely read values with the ",[434,11064,11066,11067,567],{"href":11065},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method\u002F","Python dictionary ",[15,11068,11069],{},"get()",[80,11071,11073],{"id":11072},"common-errors-and-limits","Common errors and limits",[24,11075,11076,11077,168],{},"Here are the most common problems beginners run into with ",[15,11078,9453],{},[265,11080,11082],{"id":11081},"passing-items-that-are-not-2-value-pairs","Passing items that are not 2-value pairs",[24,11084,4869],{},[85,11086,11088],{"className":87,"code":11087,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"items = ['a', 'b']\ndata = dict(items)\n",[15,11089,11090,11114],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,11091,11092,11094,11096,11098,11100,11102,11104,11106,11108,11110,11112],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,11093,8113],{"class":100},[94,11095,105],{"class":104},[94,11097,109],{"class":108},[94,11099,968],{"class":331},[94,11101,434],{"class":335},[94,11103,968],{"class":331},[94,11105,116],{"class":108},[94,11107,962],{"class":331},[94,11109,1937],{"class":335},[94,11111,968],{"class":331},[94,11113,127],{"class":108},[94,11115,11116,11118,11120,11122,11124,11126],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,11117,9499],{"class":100},[94,11119,105],{"class":104},[94,11121,9504],{"class":913},[94,11123,149],{"class":108},[94,11125,8144],{"class":152},[94,11127,316],{"class":108},[24,11129,11130,11131,168],{},"This fails because each item must be a pair like ",[15,11132,11133],{},"('a', 1)",[24,11135,1727],{},[85,11137,11139],{"className":87,"code":11138,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"items = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(items)\nprint(data)\n",[15,11140,11141,11175,11189],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,11142,11143,11145,11147,11149,11151,11153,11155,11157,11159,11161,11163,11165,11167,11169,11171,11173],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,11144,8113],{"class":100},[94,11146,105],{"class":104},[94,11148,9553],{"class":108},[94,11150,968],{"class":331},[94,11152,434],{"class":335},[94,11154,968],{"class":331},[94,11156,116],{"class":108},[94,11158,119],{"class":112},[94,11160,9566],{"class":108},[94,11162,854],{"class":108},[94,11164,968],{"class":331},[94,11166,1937],{"class":335},[94,11168,968],{"class":331},[94,11170,116],{"class":108},[94,11172,124],{"class":112},[94,11174,9581],{"class":108},[94,11176,11177,11179,11181,11183,11185,11187],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,11178,9499],{"class":100},[94,11180,105],{"class":104},[94,11182,9504],{"class":913},[94,11184,149],{"class":108},[94,11186,8144],{"class":152},[94,11188,316],{"class":108},[94,11190,11191,11193,11195,11197],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,11192,326],{"class":145},[94,11194,149],{"class":108},[94,11196,9537],{"class":152},[94,11198,316],{"class":108},[265,11200,11202],{"id":11201},"using-invalid-keyword-syntax","Using invalid keyword syntax",[24,11204,11205],{},"This is not valid Python syntax:",[85,11207,11209],{"className":87,"code":11208,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"# dict(name: 'Alice')\n",[15,11210,11211],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,11212,11213],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,11214,11208],{"class":159},[24,11216,11217,11218,384],{},"Keyword arguments must use ",[15,11219,105],{},[85,11221,11223],{"className":87,"code":11222,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"data = dict(name='Alice')\nprint(data)\n",[15,11224,11225,11247],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,11226,11227,11229,11231,11233,11235,11237,11239,11241,11243,11245],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,11228,9499],{"class":100},[94,11230,105],{"class":104},[94,11232,9504],{"class":913},[94,11234,149],{"class":108},[94,11236,8001],{"class":1218},[94,11238,105],{"class":104},[94,11240,968],{"class":331},[94,11242,1043],{"class":335},[94,11244,968],{"class":331},[94,11246,316],{"class":108},[94,11248,11249,11251,11253,11255],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,11250,326],{"class":145},[94,11252,149],{"class":108},[94,11254,9537],{"class":152},[94,11256,316],{"class":108},[265,11258,11260],{"id":11259},"using-key-names-that-are-not-valid-identifiers","Using key names that are not valid identifiers",[24,11262,11263],{},"This will not work:",[85,11265,11266],{"className":87,"code":10800,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,11267,11268],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,11269,11270],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,11271,10800],{"class":159},[24,11273,11274],{},"Use standard dictionary syntax instead:",[85,11276,11278],{"className":87,"code":11277,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,11279,11280,11304],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,11281,11282,11284,11286,11288,11290,11292,11294,11296,11298,11300,11302],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,11283,9499],{"class":100},[94,11285,105],{"class":104},[94,11287,10823],{"class":108},[94,11289,968],{"class":331},[94,11291,10828],{"class":335},[94,11293,968],{"class":331},[94,11295,384],{"class":108},[94,11297,962],{"class":331},[94,11299,8010],{"class":335},[94,11301,968],{"class":331},[94,11303,9641],{"class":108},[94,11305,11306,11308,11310,11312],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,11307,326],{"class":145},[94,11309,149],{"class":108},[94,11311,9537],{"class":152},[94,11313,316],{"class":108},[265,11315,11317],{"id":11316},"expecting-duplicate-keys-to-be-kept","Expecting duplicate keys to be kept",[24,11319,11320],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins:",[85,11322,11324],{"className":87,"code":11323,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"data = dict([('x', 1), ('x', 2)])\nprint(data)\n",[15,11325,11326,11362],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,11327,11328,11330,11332,11334,11336,11338,11340,11342,11344,11346,11348,11350,11352,11354,11356,11358,11360],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,11329,9499],{"class":100},[94,11331,105],{"class":104},[94,11333,9504],{"class":913},[94,11335,9990],{"class":108},[94,11337,968],{"class":331},[94,11339,2531],{"class":335},[94,11341,968],{"class":331},[94,11343,116],{"class":108},[94,11345,119],{"class":112},[94,11347,9566],{"class":108},[94,11349,854],{"class":108},[94,11351,968],{"class":331},[94,11353,2531],{"class":335},[94,11355,968],{"class":331},[94,11357,116],{"class":108},[94,11359,124],{"class":112},[94,11361,11009],{"class":108},[94,11363,11364,11366,11368,11370],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,11365,326],{"class":145},[94,11367,149],{"class":108},[94,11369,9537],{"class":152},[94,11371,316],{"class":108},[24,11373,11374],{},[43,11375,371],{},[85,11377,11379],{"className":87,"code":11378,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"{'x': 2}\n",[15,11380,11381],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,11382,11383,11385,11387,11389,11391,11393,11395],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,11384,9610],{"class":108},[94,11386,968],{"class":331},[94,11388,2531],{"class":335},[94,11390,968],{"class":331},[94,11392,384],{"class":108},[94,11394,124],{"class":112},[94,11396,9641],{"class":108},[24,11398,11399,11400,168],{},"If you are getting missing-key problems later, you may also run into ",[434,11401,11403],{"href":11402},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F","KeyError in Python",[80,11405,3186],{"id":3185},[24,11407,11408,11409,11411],{},"Common causes of problems with ",[15,11410,9453],{}," include:",[28,11413,11414,11424,11430,11433],{},[31,11415,11416,11417,11420,11421],{},"passing a list like ",[15,11418,11419],{},"['a', 'b']"," instead of ",[15,11422,11423],{},"[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]",[31,11425,11426,11427],{},"using invalid keyword-style keys such as ",[15,11428,11429],{},"dict(first-name='Sam')",[31,11431,11432],{},"expecting duplicate keys to be kept separately",[31,11434,11435,11436,11438],{},"confusing ",[15,11437,9453],{}," with the broader topic of dictionary creation in general",[24,11440,11441],{},"If something is not working, these quick checks can help:",[85,11443,11445],{"className":87,"code":11444,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(list_of_pairs)\nprint(len(list_of_pairs))\n",[15,11446,11447,11461,11471,11482],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,11448,11449,11451,11453,11455,11457,11459],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,11450,326],{"class":145},[94,11452,149],{"class":108},[94,11454,914],{"class":913},[94,11456,149],{"class":108},[94,11458,9537],{"class":152},[94,11460,921],{"class":108},[94,11462,11463,11465,11467,11469],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,11464,326],{"class":145},[94,11466,149],{"class":108},[94,11468,9537],{"class":152},[94,11470,316],{"class":108},[94,11472,11473,11475,11477,11480],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,11474,326],{"class":145},[94,11476,149],{"class":108},[94,11478,11479],{"class":152},"list_of_pairs",[94,11481,316],{"class":108},[94,11483,11484,11486,11488,11491,11493,11495],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,11485,326],{"class":145},[94,11487,149],{"class":108},[94,11489,11490],{"class":145},"len",[94,11492,149],{"class":108},[94,11494,11479],{"class":152},[94,11496,921],{"class":108},[24,11498,11499],{},"These checks help you confirm:",[28,11501,11502,11505,11508],{},[31,11503,11504],{},"whether your result is really a dictionary",[31,11506,11507],{},"what data is being passed in",[31,11509,11510],{},"whether your list of pairs has the expected structure",[80,11512,2160],{"id":2159},[265,11514,5514,11516,1139,11518,2170],{"id":11515},"what-is-the-difference-between-dict-and",[15,11517,9453],{},[15,11519,4136],{},[24,11521,11522,11524,11525,11527],{},[15,11523,4136],{}," is the short literal form. ",[15,11526,9453],{}," is a function that can also convert pairs or use keyword arguments.",[265,11529,2191,11531,11533],{"id":11530},"can-dict-create-a-dictionary-from-a-list",[15,11532,9453],{}," create a dictionary from a list?",[24,11535,11536,11537,168],{},"Yes, if the list contains 2-item pairs such as ",[15,11538,11423],{},[265,11540,2179,11542,11545],{"id":11541},"why-does-dictnamealice-use-string-keys",[15,11543,11544],{},"dict(name='Alice')"," use string keys?",[24,11547,11548],{},"In keyword form, Python turns the keyword names into string keys automatically.",[265,11550,11552,11553,11555],{"id":11551},"can-i-use-spaces-in-keys-with-dict-keyword-arguments","Can I use spaces in keys with ",[15,11554,9453],{}," keyword arguments?",[24,11557,11558,11559,11562],{},"No. For keys with spaces or other invalid identifier characters, use ",[15,11560,11561],{},"{'first name': 'Alice'}"," or pass pairs.",[80,11564,2232],{"id":2231},[28,11566,11567,11572,11576,11581,11587],{},[31,11568,11569],{},[434,11570,11571],{"href":9723},"Creating a dictionary in Python",[31,11573,11574],{},[434,11575,9489],{"href":9488},[31,11577,11578],{},[434,11579,11580],{"href":11060},"How to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[31,11582,11583],{},[434,11584,11066,11585,567],{"href":11065},[15,11586,11069],{},[31,11588,11589],{},[434,11590,11591],{"href":11402},"KeyError in Python: causes and fixes",[2260,11593,11594],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":90,"searchDepth":130,"depth":130,"links":11596},[11597,11599,11605,11606,11607,11608,11615,11621,11622,11632],{"id":9677,"depth":130,"text":11598},"What dict() does",{"id":2513,"depth":130,"text":2514,"children":11600},[11601,11602,11603,11604],{"id":9734,"depth":137,"text":9735},{"id":9776,"depth":137,"text":9777},{"id":9880,"depth":137,"text":9881},{"id":9970,"depth":137,"text":9971},{"id":10082,"depth":130,"text":9735},{"id":10186,"depth":130,"text":10187},{"id":10609,"depth":130,"text":10610},{"id":10915,"depth":130,"text":11609,"children":11610},"dict() vs {}",[11611,11613],{"id":10929,"depth":137,"text":11612},"Use {} when:",{"id":10954,"depth":137,"text":11614},"Use dict() when:",{"id":11072,"depth":130,"text":11073,"children":11616},[11617,11618,11619,11620],{"id":11081,"depth":137,"text":11082},{"id":11201,"depth":137,"text":11202},{"id":11259,"depth":137,"text":11260},{"id":11316,"depth":137,"text":11317},{"id":3185,"depth":130,"text":3186},{"id":2159,"depth":130,"text":2160,"children":11623},[11624,11626,11628,11630],{"id":11515,"depth":137,"text":11625},"What is the difference between dict() and {}?",{"id":11530,"depth":137,"text":11627},"Can dict() create a dictionary from a list?",{"id":11541,"depth":137,"text":11629},"Why does dict(name='Alice') use string keys?",{"id":11551,"depth":137,"text":11631},"Can I use spaces in keys with dict() keyword arguments?",{"id":2231,"depth":130,"text":2232},"Master python dict function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained",{"title":9445,"description":11633},"reference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained","pnY0ft_AcouoxXnqOTEjZDN1f3GnmsuukIHgiulbVfc",{"id":11640,"title":11641,"body":11642,"description":13147,"extension":2319,"meta":13148,"navigation":133,"path":13149,"seo":13150,"stem":13151,"__hash__":13152},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method.md","Python Dictionary clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":11643,"toc":13116},[11644,11652,11658,11665,11667,11728,11733,11738,11743,11761,11764,11768,11770,11786,11789,11802,11806,11809,11943,11945,12012,12015,12031,12036,12042,12045,12127,12129,12142,12146,12151,12216,12218,12226,12228,12251,12257,12320,12326,12329,12343,12356,12360,12371,12376,12387,12394,12398,12404,12524,12526,12552,12555,12572,12575,12686,12688,12737,12739,12752,12761,12766,12771,12782,12784,12887,12910,12912,12916,12934,12937,12995,12998,13024,13026,13033,13036,13042,13046,13053,13061,13067,13070,13072,13113],[10,11645,11647,11648,11651],{"id":11646},"python-dictionary-clear-method","Python Dictionary ",[15,11649,11650],{},"clear()"," Method",[24,11653,11654,11657],{},[15,11655,11656],{},"dict.clear()"," removes all items from a dictionary.",[24,11659,11660,11661,11664],{},"Use it when you want to empty a dictionary without replacing the variable with a new dictionary. This method changes the original dictionary ",[43,11662,11663],{},"in place",", which means the same dictionary object is kept, but all key-value pairs are removed.",[80,11666,2361],{"id":2360},[85,11668,11670],{"className":87,"code":11669,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata.clear()\nprint(data)  # {}\n",[15,11671,11672,11704,11715],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,11673,11674,11676,11678,11680,11682,11684,11686,11688,11690,11692,11694,11696,11698,11700,11702],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,11675,9499],{"class":100},[94,11677,105],{"class":104},[94,11679,10823],{"class":108},[94,11681,332],{"class":331},[94,11683,434],{"class":335},[94,11685,332],{"class":331},[94,11687,384],{"class":108},[94,11689,119],{"class":112},[94,11691,116],{"class":108},[94,11693,1040],{"class":331},[94,11695,1937],{"class":335},[94,11697,332],{"class":331},[94,11699,384],{"class":108},[94,11701,124],{"class":112},[94,11703,9641],{"class":108},[94,11705,11706,11708,11710,11713],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,11707,9537],{"class":100},[94,11709,168],{"class":108},[94,11711,11712],{"class":152},"clear",[94,11714,511],{"class":108},[94,11716,11717,11719,11721,11723,11725],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,11718,326],{"class":145},[94,11720,149],{"class":108},[94,11722,9537],{"class":152},[94,11724,156],{"class":108},[94,11726,11727],{"class":159},"  # {}\n",[24,11729,11730,11732],{},[15,11731,11650],{}," removes all items from the same dictionary object.",[80,11734,215,11736,218],{"id":11735},"what-clear-does",[15,11737,11650],{},[24,11739,2336,11740,11742],{},[15,11741,11650],{}," method:",[28,11744,11745,11748,11751,11756],{},[31,11746,11747],{},"Removes all key-value pairs from a dictionary",[31,11749,11750],{},"Changes the original dictionary in place",[31,11752,11753,11754],{},"Returns ",[15,11755,77],{},[31,11757,11758,11759],{},"Leaves you with an empty dictionary: ",[15,11760,4136],{},[24,11762,11763],{},"This is one of the standard ways to remove dictionary contents without deleting the variable itself.",[24,11765,9485,11766,168],{},[434,11767,9489],{"href":9488},[80,11769,2514],{"id":2513},[85,11771,11773],{"className":87,"code":11772,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"my_dict.clear()\n",[15,11774,11775],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,11776,11777,11780,11782,11784],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,11778,11779],{"class":100},"my_dict",[94,11781,168],{"class":108},[94,11783,11712],{"class":152},[94,11785,511],{"class":108},[24,11787,11788],{},"Important points:",[28,11790,11791,11796,11799],{},[31,11792,11793,11795],{},[15,11794,11650],{}," takes no arguments",[31,11797,11798],{},"You call it on a dictionary object",[31,11800,11801],{},"It empties that dictionary",[80,11803,11805],{"id":11804},"simple-example","Simple example",[24,11807,11808],{},"Here is a basic example:",[85,11810,11812],{"className":87,"code":11811,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"user = {\n    \"name\": \"Maya\",\n    \"age\": 25,\n    \"city\": \"Berlin\"\n}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", user)\n\nuser.clear()\n\nprint(\"After:\", user)\n",[15,11813,11814,11824,11845,11859,11876,11880,11884,11904,11908,11919,11923],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,11815,11816,11819,11821],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,11817,11818],{"class":100},"user ",[94,11820,105],{"class":104},[94,11822,11823],{"class":108}," {\n",[94,11825,11826,11829,11831,11833,11835,11837,11840,11842],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,11827,11828],{"class":331},"    \"",[94,11830,8001],{"class":335},[94,11832,332],{"class":331},[94,11834,384],{"class":108},[94,11836,1040],{"class":331},[94,11838,11839],{"class":335},"Maya",[94,11841,332],{"class":331},[94,11843,11844],{"class":108},",\n",[94,11846,11847,11849,11851,11853,11855,11857],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,11848,11828],{"class":331},[94,11850,9631],{"class":335},[94,11852,332],{"class":331},[94,11854,384],{"class":108},[94,11856,9638],{"class":112},[94,11858,11844],{"class":108},[94,11860,11861,11863,11865,11867,11869,11871,11874],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,11862,11828],{"class":331},[94,11864,10741],{"class":335},[94,11866,332],{"class":331},[94,11868,384],{"class":108},[94,11870,1040],{"class":331},[94,11872,11873],{"class":335},"Berlin",[94,11875,1812],{"class":331},[94,11877,11878],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,11879,9641],{"class":108},[94,11881,11882],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,11883,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,11885,11886,11888,11890,11892,11895,11897,11899,11902],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,11887,326],{"class":145},[94,11889,149],{"class":108},[94,11891,332],{"class":331},[94,11893,11894],{"class":335},"Before:",[94,11896,332],{"class":331},[94,11898,116],{"class":108},[94,11900,11901],{"class":152}," user",[94,11903,316],{"class":108},[94,11905,11906],{"class":96,"line":702},[94,11907,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,11909,11910,11913,11915,11917],{"class":96,"line":6763},[94,11911,11912],{"class":100},"user",[94,11914,168],{"class":108},[94,11916,11712],{"class":152},[94,11918,511],{"class":108},[94,11920,11921],{"class":96,"line":6768},[94,11922,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,11924,11926,11928,11930,11932,11935,11937,11939,11941],{"class":96,"line":11925},11,[94,11927,326],{"class":145},[94,11929,149],{"class":108},[94,11931,332],{"class":331},[94,11933,11934],{"class":335},"After:",[94,11936,332],{"class":331},[94,11938,116],{"class":108},[94,11940,11901],{"class":152},[94,11942,316],{"class":108},[24,11944,5891],{},[85,11946,11948],{"className":87,"code":11947,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"Before: {'name': 'Maya', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Berlin'}\nAfter: {}\n",[15,11949,11950,12003],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,11951,11952,11955,11957,11959,11961,11963,11965,11967,11969,11971,11973,11975,11977,11979,11981,11983,11985,11987,11989,11991,11993,11995,11997,11999,12001],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,11953,11954],{"class":100},"Before",[94,11956,384],{"class":108},[94,11958,10823],{"class":108},[94,11960,968],{"class":331},[94,11962,8001],{"class":335},[94,11964,968],{"class":331},[94,11966,384],{"class":108},[94,11968,962],{"class":331},[94,11970,11839],{"class":335},[94,11972,968],{"class":331},[94,11974,116],{"class":108},[94,11976,962],{"class":331},[94,11978,9631],{"class":335},[94,11980,968],{"class":331},[94,11982,384],{"class":108},[94,11984,9638],{"class":112},[94,11986,116],{"class":108},[94,11988,962],{"class":331},[94,11990,10741],{"class":335},[94,11992,968],{"class":331},[94,11994,384],{"class":108},[94,11996,962],{"class":331},[94,11998,11873],{"class":335},[94,12000,968],{"class":331},[94,12002,9641],{"class":108},[94,12004,12005,12008,12010],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,12006,12007],{"class":100},"After",[94,12009,384],{"class":108},[94,12011,10170],{"class":108},[24,12013,12014],{},"What happens here:",[28,12016,12017,12022,12028],{},[31,12018,12019,12021],{},[15,12020,11912],{}," starts with three items",[31,12023,12024,12027],{},[15,12025,12026],{},"user.clear()"," removes them all",[31,12029,12030],{},"The dictionary still exists, but it is now empty",[80,12032,215,12034,2114],{"id":12033},"what-clear-returns",[15,12035,11650],{},[24,12037,12038,74,12040,168],{},[15,12039,11650],{},[15,12041,77],{},[24,12043,12044],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake:",[85,12046,12048],{"className":87,"code":12047,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nresult = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,12049,12050,12084,12088,12103,12107,12117],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,12051,12052,12055,12057,12059,12061,12063,12065,12067,12069,12071,12073,12076,12078,12080,12082],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,12053,12054],{"class":100},"my_dict ",[94,12056,105],{"class":104},[94,12058,10823],{"class":108},[94,12060,332],{"class":331},[94,12062,2531],{"class":335},[94,12064,332],{"class":331},[94,12066,384],{"class":108},[94,12068,119],{"class":112},[94,12070,116],{"class":108},[94,12072,1040],{"class":331},[94,12074,12075],{"class":335},"y",[94,12077,332],{"class":331},[94,12079,384],{"class":108},[94,12081,124],{"class":112},[94,12083,9641],{"class":108},[94,12085,12086],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,12087,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,12089,12090,12092,12094,12097,12099,12101],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,12091,305],{"class":100},[94,12093,105],{"class":104},[94,12095,12096],{"class":100}," my_dict",[94,12098,168],{"class":108},[94,12100,11712],{"class":152},[94,12102,511],{"class":108},[94,12104,12105],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,12106,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,12108,12109,12111,12113,12115],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,12110,326],{"class":145},[94,12112,149],{"class":108},[94,12114,902],{"class":152},[94,12116,316],{"class":108},[94,12118,12119,12121,12123,12125],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,12120,326],{"class":145},[94,12122,149],{"class":108},[94,12124,11779],{"class":152},[94,12126,316],{"class":108},[24,12128,371],{},[85,12130,12132],{"className":87,"code":12131,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"None\n{}\n",[15,12133,12134,12138],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,12135,12136],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,12137,1593],{"class":1224},[94,12139,12140],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,12141,9767],{"class":108},[265,12143,12145],{"id":12144},"common-mistake","Common mistake",[24,12147,2218,12148,12150],{},[43,12149,45],{}," do this:",[85,12152,12154],{"className":87,"code":12153,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,12155,12156,12188,12202,12206],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,12157,12158,12160,12162,12164,12166,12168,12170,12172,12174,12176,12178,12180,12182,12184,12186],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,12159,12054],{"class":100},[94,12161,105],{"class":104},[94,12163,10823],{"class":108},[94,12165,332],{"class":331},[94,12167,2531],{"class":335},[94,12169,332],{"class":331},[94,12171,384],{"class":108},[94,12173,119],{"class":112},[94,12175,116],{"class":108},[94,12177,1040],{"class":331},[94,12179,12075],{"class":335},[94,12181,332],{"class":331},[94,12183,384],{"class":108},[94,12185,124],{"class":112},[94,12187,9641],{"class":108},[94,12189,12190,12192,12194,12196,12198,12200],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,12191,12054],{"class":100},[94,12193,105],{"class":104},[94,12195,12096],{"class":100},[94,12197,168],{"class":108},[94,12199,11712],{"class":152},[94,12201,511],{"class":108},[94,12203,12204],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,12205,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,12207,12208,12210,12212,12214],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,12209,326],{"class":145},[94,12211,149],{"class":108},[94,12213,11779],{"class":152},[94,12215,316],{"class":108},[24,12217,371],{},[85,12219,12220],{"className":87,"code":1593,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,12221,12222],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,12223,12224],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,12225,1593],{"class":1224},[24,12227,1612],{},[28,12229,12230,12236,12241],{},[31,12231,12232,12235],{},[15,12233,12234],{},"my_dict.clear()"," empties the dictionary",[31,12237,12238,12239],{},"The method returns ",[15,12240,77],{},[31,12242,12243,12244,12247,12248,12250],{},"Then ",[15,12245,12246],{},"my_dict = ..."," stores ",[15,12249,77],{}," in the variable",[24,12252,12253,12254,12256],{},"If you want to keep using the dictionary, just call ",[15,12255,11650],{}," by itself:",[85,12258,12260],{"className":87,"code":12259,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)  # {}\n",[15,12261,12262,12294,12304,12308],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,12263,12264,12266,12268,12270,12272,12274,12276,12278,12280,12282,12284,12286,12288,12290,12292],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,12265,12054],{"class":100},[94,12267,105],{"class":104},[94,12269,10823],{"class":108},[94,12271,332],{"class":331},[94,12273,2531],{"class":335},[94,12275,332],{"class":331},[94,12277,384],{"class":108},[94,12279,119],{"class":112},[94,12281,116],{"class":108},[94,12283,1040],{"class":331},[94,12285,12075],{"class":335},[94,12287,332],{"class":331},[94,12289,384],{"class":108},[94,12291,124],{"class":112},[94,12293,9641],{"class":108},[94,12295,12296,12298,12300,12302],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,12297,11779],{"class":100},[94,12299,168],{"class":108},[94,12301,11712],{"class":152},[94,12303,511],{"class":108},[94,12305,12306],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,12307,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,12309,12310,12312,12314,12316,12318],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,12311,326],{"class":145},[94,12313,149],{"class":108},[94,12315,11779],{"class":152},[94,12317,156],{"class":108},[94,12319,11727],{"class":159},[80,12321,12323,12325],{"id":12322},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-dictionary",[15,12324,11650],{}," vs creating a new empty dictionary",[24,12327,12328],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they do different things:",[85,12330,12331],{"className":87,"code":11772,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,12332,12333],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,12334,12335,12337,12339,12341],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,12336,11779],{"class":100},[94,12338,168],{"class":108},[94,12340,11712],{"class":152},[94,12342,511],{"class":108},[85,12344,12346],{"className":87,"code":12345,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"my_dict = {}\n",[15,12347,12348],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,12349,12350,12352,12354],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,12351,12054],{"class":100},[94,12353,105],{"class":104},[94,12355,10170],{"class":108},[265,12357,12358],{"id":11712},[15,12359,11650],{},[28,12361,12362,12365,12368],{},[31,12363,12364],{},"Empties the existing dictionary object",[31,12366,12367],{},"Keeps the same object in memory",[31,12369,12370],{},"Affects all variables that refer to that same dictionary",[265,12372,12373],{"id":11779},[15,12374,12375],{},"my_dict = {}",[28,12377,12378,12381,12384],{},[31,12379,12380],{},"Creates a new empty dictionary object",[31,12382,12383],{},"Reassigns the variable to that new object",[31,12385,12386],{},"Other variables pointing to the old dictionary are unchanged",[24,12388,12389,12390,168],{},"This difference matters when you are working with shared references. It is also related to ",[434,12391,12393],{"href":12392},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types\u002F","mutable vs immutable types in Python",[80,12395,12397],{"id":12396},"shared-reference-example","Shared reference example",[24,12399,12400,12401,12403],{},"If two variables point to the same dictionary, ",[15,12402,11650],{}," affects both because both names refer to the same object.",[85,12405,12407],{"className":87,"code":12406,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal.clear()\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,12408,12409,12442,12452,12456,12466,12470,12489,12509],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,12410,12411,12414,12416,12418,12420,12422,12424,12426,12428,12430,12432,12434,12436,12438,12440],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,12412,12413],{"class":100},"original ",[94,12415,105],{"class":104},[94,12417,10823],{"class":108},[94,12419,332],{"class":331},[94,12421,434],{"class":335},[94,12423,332],{"class":331},[94,12425,384],{"class":108},[94,12427,119],{"class":112},[94,12429,116],{"class":108},[94,12431,1040],{"class":331},[94,12433,1937],{"class":335},[94,12435,332],{"class":331},[94,12437,384],{"class":108},[94,12439,124],{"class":112},[94,12441,9641],{"class":108},[94,12443,12444,12447,12449],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,12445,12446],{"class":100},"other_ref ",[94,12448,105],{"class":104},[94,12450,12451],{"class":100}," original\n",[94,12453,12454],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,12455,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,12457,12458,12460,12462,12464],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,12459,381],{"class":100},[94,12461,168],{"class":108},[94,12463,11712],{"class":152},[94,12465,511],{"class":108},[94,12467,12468],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,12469,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,12471,12472,12474,12476,12478,12480,12482,12484,12487],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,12473,326],{"class":145},[94,12475,149],{"class":108},[94,12477,332],{"class":331},[94,12479,336],{"class":335},[94,12481,332],{"class":331},[94,12483,116],{"class":108},[94,12485,12486],{"class":152}," original",[94,12488,316],{"class":108},[94,12490,12491,12493,12495,12497,12500,12502,12504,12507],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,12492,326],{"class":145},[94,12494,149],{"class":108},[94,12496,332],{"class":331},[94,12498,12499],{"class":335},"other_ref:",[94,12501,332],{"class":331},[94,12503,116],{"class":108},[94,12505,12506],{"class":152}," other_ref",[94,12508,316],{"class":108},[94,12510,12511,12513,12515,12517,12520,12522],{"class":96,"line":702},[94,12512,326],{"class":145},[94,12514,149],{"class":108},[94,12516,12413],{"class":152},[94,12518,12519],{"class":4221},"is",[94,12521,12506],{"class":152},[94,12523,316],{"class":108},[24,12525,371],{},[85,12527,12529],{"className":87,"code":12528,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"original: {}\nother_ref: {}\nTrue\n",[15,12530,12531,12539,12548],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,12532,12533,12535,12537],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,12534,381],{"class":100},[94,12536,384],{"class":108},[94,12538,10170],{"class":108},[94,12540,12541,12544,12546],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,12542,12543],{"class":100},"other_ref",[94,12545,384],{"class":108},[94,12547,10170],{"class":108},[94,12549,12550],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,12551,4325],{"class":1224},[24,12553,12554],{},"This shows:",[28,12556,12557,12564,12569],{},[31,12558,12559,1139,12561,12563],{},[15,12560,381],{},[15,12562,12543],{}," refer to the same dictionary",[31,12565,12566,12568],{},[15,12567,11650],{}," changes that dictionary in place",[31,12570,12571],{},"Both variables now show an empty dictionary",[24,12573,12574],{},"Now compare that with reassignment:",[85,12576,12578],{"className":87,"code":12577,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal = {}\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,12579,12580,12612,12620,12624,12632,12636,12654,12672],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,12581,12582,12584,12586,12588,12590,12592,12594,12596,12598,12600,12602,12604,12606,12608,12610],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,12583,12413],{"class":100},[94,12585,105],{"class":104},[94,12587,10823],{"class":108},[94,12589,332],{"class":331},[94,12591,434],{"class":335},[94,12593,332],{"class":331},[94,12595,384],{"class":108},[94,12597,119],{"class":112},[94,12599,116],{"class":108},[94,12601,1040],{"class":331},[94,12603,1937],{"class":335},[94,12605,332],{"class":331},[94,12607,384],{"class":108},[94,12609,124],{"class":112},[94,12611,9641],{"class":108},[94,12613,12614,12616,12618],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,12615,12446],{"class":100},[94,12617,105],{"class":104},[94,12619,12451],{"class":100},[94,12621,12622],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,12623,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,12625,12626,12628,12630],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,12627,12413],{"class":100},[94,12629,105],{"class":104},[94,12631,10170],{"class":108},[94,12633,12634],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,12635,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,12637,12638,12640,12642,12644,12646,12648,12650,12652],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,12639,326],{"class":145},[94,12641,149],{"class":108},[94,12643,332],{"class":331},[94,12645,336],{"class":335},[94,12647,332],{"class":331},[94,12649,116],{"class":108},[94,12651,12486],{"class":152},[94,12653,316],{"class":108},[94,12655,12656,12658,12660,12662,12664,12666,12668,12670],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,12657,326],{"class":145},[94,12659,149],{"class":108},[94,12661,332],{"class":331},[94,12663,12499],{"class":335},[94,12665,332],{"class":331},[94,12667,116],{"class":108},[94,12669,12506],{"class":152},[94,12671,316],{"class":108},[94,12673,12674,12676,12678,12680,12682,12684],{"class":96,"line":702},[94,12675,326],{"class":145},[94,12677,149],{"class":108},[94,12679,12413],{"class":152},[94,12681,12519],{"class":4221},[94,12683,12506],{"class":152},[94,12685,316],{"class":108},[24,12687,371],{},[85,12689,12691],{"className":87,"code":12690,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"original: {}\nother_ref: {'a': 1, 'b': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,12692,12693,12701,12733],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,12694,12695,12697,12699],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,12696,381],{"class":100},[94,12698,384],{"class":108},[94,12700,10170],{"class":108},[94,12702,12703,12705,12707,12709,12711,12713,12715,12717,12719,12721,12723,12725,12727,12729,12731],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,12704,12543],{"class":100},[94,12706,384],{"class":108},[94,12708,10823],{"class":108},[94,12710,968],{"class":331},[94,12712,434],{"class":335},[94,12714,968],{"class":331},[94,12716,384],{"class":108},[94,12718,119],{"class":112},[94,12720,116],{"class":108},[94,12722,962],{"class":331},[94,12724,1937],{"class":335},[94,12726,968],{"class":331},[94,12728,384],{"class":108},[94,12730,124],{"class":112},[94,12732,9641],{"class":108},[94,12734,12735],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,12736,4386],{"class":1224},[24,12738,2536],{},[28,12740,12741,12747],{},[31,12742,12743,12746],{},[15,12744,12745],{},"original = {}"," creates a new dictionary",[31,12748,12749,12751],{},[15,12750,12543],{}," still points to the old one",[24,12753,12754,12755,168],{},"If you want to make a separate dictionary before changing it, see ",[434,12756,12758],{"href":12757},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method\u002F",[15,12759,12760],{},"dict.copy()",[80,12762,815,12764],{"id":12763},"when-to-use-clear",[15,12765,11650],{},[24,12767,12768,12770],{},[15,12769,11650],{}," is useful when you want to:",[28,12772,12773,12776,12779],{},[31,12774,12775],{},"Reset stored data before reusing a dictionary",[31,12777,12778],{},"Empty a cache or temporary mapping",[31,12780,12781],{},"Remove all items without deleting the variable",[24,12783,2566],{},[85,12785,12787],{"className":87,"code":12786,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"session_data = {\n    \"user_id\": 101,\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\n# Reset for a new session\nsession_data.clear()\n\nprint(session_data)  # {}\n",[15,12788,12789,12798,12814,12834,12847,12851,12855,12860,12871,12875],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,12790,12791,12794,12796],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,12792,12793],{"class":100},"session_data ",[94,12795,105],{"class":104},[94,12797,11823],{"class":108},[94,12799,12800,12802,12805,12807,12809,12812],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,12801,11828],{"class":331},[94,12803,12804],{"class":335},"user_id",[94,12806,332],{"class":331},[94,12808,384],{"class":108},[94,12810,12811],{"class":112}," 101",[94,12813,11844],{"class":108},[94,12815,12816,12818,12821,12823,12825,12827,12830,12832],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,12817,11828],{"class":331},[94,12819,12820],{"class":335},"theme",[94,12822,332],{"class":331},[94,12824,384],{"class":108},[94,12826,1040],{"class":331},[94,12828,12829],{"class":335},"dark",[94,12831,332],{"class":331},[94,12833,11844],{"class":108},[94,12835,12836,12838,12841,12843,12845],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,12837,11828],{"class":331},[94,12839,12840],{"class":335},"logged_in",[94,12842,332],{"class":331},[94,12844,384],{"class":108},[94,12846,6755],{"class":1224},[94,12848,12849],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,12850,9641],{"class":108},[94,12852,12853],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,12854,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,12856,12857],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,12858,12859],{"class":159},"# Reset for a new session\n",[94,12861,12862,12865,12867,12869],{"class":96,"line":702},[94,12863,12864],{"class":100},"session_data",[94,12866,168],{"class":108},[94,12868,11712],{"class":152},[94,12870,511],{"class":108},[94,12872,12873],{"class":96,"line":6763},[94,12874,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,12876,12877,12879,12881,12883,12885],{"class":96,"line":6768},[94,12878,326],{"class":145},[94,12880,149],{"class":108},[94,12882,12864],{"class":152},[94,12884,156],{"class":108},[94,12886,11727],{"class":159},[24,12888,12889,12890,12896,12897,168,12901,12903,12904,168],{},"If you only want to remove one item, use a more specific method like ",[434,12891,12893],{"href":12892},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method\u002F",[15,12894,12895],{},"dict.pop()"," or read ",[434,12898,12900],{"href":12899},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-a-key-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[10178,12902],{},"\nIf you want to remove the last inserted item, see ",[434,12905,12907],{"href":12906},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method\u002F",[15,12908,12909],{},"dict.popitem()",[80,12911,3186],{"id":3185},[24,12913,11076,12914,384],{},[15,12915,11650],{},[28,12917,12918,12923,12928,12931],{},[31,12919,12920,12921,1509],{},"Assigning the result of ",[15,12922,11650],{},[31,12924,8786,12925,12927],{},[15,12926,11650],{}," to return a new dictionary",[31,12929,12930],{},"Not realizing the dictionary is changed in place",[31,12932,12933],{},"Clearing a dictionary that is shared by another variable",[24,12935,12936],{},"If something looks wrong, these quick checks can help:",[85,12938,12940],{"className":87,"code":12939,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(id(my_dict))\nprint(other_ref is my_dict)\n",[15,12941,12942,12952,12966,12981],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,12943,12944,12946,12948,12950],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,12945,326],{"class":145},[94,12947,149],{"class":108},[94,12949,11779],{"class":152},[94,12951,316],{"class":108},[94,12953,12954,12956,12958,12960,12962,12964],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,12955,326],{"class":145},[94,12957,149],{"class":108},[94,12959,914],{"class":913},[94,12961,149],{"class":108},[94,12963,11779],{"class":152},[94,12965,921],{"class":108},[94,12967,12968,12970,12972,12975,12977,12979],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,12969,326],{"class":145},[94,12971,149],{"class":108},[94,12973,12974],{"class":145},"id",[94,12976,149],{"class":108},[94,12978,11779],{"class":152},[94,12980,921],{"class":108},[94,12982,12983,12985,12987,12989,12991,12993],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,12984,326],{"class":145},[94,12986,149],{"class":108},[94,12988,12446],{"class":152},[94,12990,12519],{"class":4221},[94,12992,12096],{"class":152},[94,12994,316],{"class":108},[24,12996,12997],{},"What these show:",[28,12999,13000,13006,13012,13018],{},[31,13001,13002,13005],{},[15,13003,13004],{},"print(my_dict)"," shows the current contents",[31,13007,13008,13011],{},[15,13009,13010],{},"print(type(my_dict))"," confirms it is still a dictionary",[31,13013,13014,13017],{},[15,13015,13016],{},"print(id(my_dict))"," helps you check whether it is the same object as before",[31,13019,13020,13023],{},[15,13021,13022],{},"print(other_ref is my_dict)"," tells you whether two variables point to the same object",[80,13025,2160],{"id":2159},[265,13027,13029,13030,13032],{"id":13028},"does-clear-delete-the-dictionary","Does ",[15,13031,11650],{}," delete the dictionary?",[24,13034,13035],{},"No. It keeps the dictionary object but removes all items from it.",[265,13037,5479,13039,13041],{"id":13038},"what-does-dictclear-return",[15,13040,11656],{}," return?",[24,13043,5485,13044,168],{},[15,13045,77],{},[265,13047,5514,13049,1139,13051,2170],{"id":13048},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and",[15,13050,11650],{},[15,13052,4136],{},[24,13054,13055,13057,13058,13060],{},[15,13056,11650],{}," empties the same dictionary object. Assigning ",[15,13059,4136],{}," creates a new empty dictionary.",[265,13062,13029,13064,13066],{"id":13063},"does-clear-work-on-nested-dictionaries",[15,13065,11650],{}," work on nested dictionaries?",[24,13068,13069],{},"It removes the top-level items. If nested dictionaries were inside it, those references are removed from this dictionary.",[80,13071,2232],{"id":2231},[28,13073,13074,13078,13082,13089,13096,13103,13108],{},[31,13075,13076],{},[434,13077,9489],{"href":9488},[31,13079,13080],{},[434,13081,11571],{"href":9723},[31,13083,13084],{},[434,13085,11066,13086,567],{"href":12892},[15,13087,13088],{},"pop()",[31,13090,13091],{},[434,13092,11066,13093,567],{"href":12906},[15,13094,13095],{},"popitem()",[31,13097,13098],{},[434,13099,11066,13100,567],{"href":12757},[15,13101,13102],{},"copy()",[31,13104,13105],{},[434,13106,13107],{"href":12392},"Mutable vs immutable types in Python",[31,13109,13110],{},[434,13111,13112],{"href":12899},"How to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[2260,13114,13115],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":90,"searchDepth":130,"depth":130,"links":13117},[13118,13119,13121,13122,13123,13127,13132,13133,13135,13136,13146],{"id":2360,"depth":130,"text":2361},{"id":11735,"depth":130,"text":13120},"What clear() does",{"id":2513,"depth":130,"text":2514},{"id":11804,"depth":130,"text":11805},{"id":12033,"depth":130,"text":13124,"children":13125},"What clear() returns",[13126],{"id":12144,"depth":137,"text":12145},{"id":12322,"depth":130,"text":13128,"children":13129},"clear() vs creating a new empty dictionary",[13130,13131],{"id":11712,"depth":137,"text":11650},{"id":11779,"depth":137,"text":12375},{"id":12396,"depth":130,"text":12397},{"id":12763,"depth":130,"text":13134},"When to use clear()",{"id":3185,"depth":130,"text":3186},{"id":2159,"depth":130,"text":2160,"children":13137},[13138,13140,13142,13144],{"id":13028,"depth":137,"text":13139},"Does clear() delete the dictionary?",{"id":13038,"depth":137,"text":13141},"What does dict.clear() return?",{"id":13048,"depth":137,"text":13143},"What is the difference between clear() and {}?",{"id":13063,"depth":137,"text":13145},"Does clear() work on nested dictionaries?",{"id":2231,"depth":130,"text":2232},"Master python dictionary clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method",{"title":11641,"description":13147},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method","xe2WHgVVqBBDcVsY_J76LhYda8_TxsqdNPbHatiN8IU",{"id":13154,"title":13155,"body":13156,"description":15324,"extension":2319,"meta":15325,"navigation":133,"path":15326,"seo":15327,"stem":15328,"__hash__":15329},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method.md","Python Dictionary copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":13157,"toc":15296},[13158,13163,13168,13178,13180,13269,13273,13314,13319,13326,13344,13353,13355,13376,13379,13391,13393,13472,13476,13517,13519,13522,13650,13654,13734,13737,13755,13758,13762,13768,13770,13781,13783,13978,13982,14088,14091,14109,14112,14119,14124,14128,14142,14144,14271,14275,14355,14368,14374,14377,14385,14389,14515,14519,14593,14598,14729,14733,14807,14810,14824,14828,14832,14846,14848,14984,14988,15057,15059,15064,15086,15089,15195,15198,15209,15216,15218,15224,15227,15234,15237,15244,15252,15256,15259,15261,15293],[10,13159,11647,13161,11651],{"id":13160},"python-dictionary-copy-method",[15,13162,13102],{},[24,13164,13165,13167],{},[15,13166,12760],{}," creates a new dictionary with the same key-value pairs as the original.",[24,13169,13170,13171,13173,13174,13177],{},"This method is useful when you want a separate dictionary object instead of another variable pointing to the same dictionary. It is important to know that ",[15,13172,13102],{}," makes a ",[43,13175,13176],{},"shallow copy",", not a deep copy.",[80,13179,2361],{"id":2360},[85,13181,13183],{"className":87,"code":13182,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nprint(student_copy)\nprint(student_copy is student)\n",[15,13184,13185,13223,13240,13244,13255],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,13186,13187,13190,13192,13194,13196,13198,13200,13202,13204,13207,13209,13211,13213,13215,13217,13219,13221],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,13188,13189],{"class":100},"student ",[94,13191,105],{"class":104},[94,13193,10823],{"class":108},[94,13195,332],{"class":331},[94,13197,8001],{"class":335},[94,13199,332],{"class":331},[94,13201,384],{"class":108},[94,13203,1040],{"class":331},[94,13205,13206],{"class":335},"Ana",[94,13208,332],{"class":331},[94,13210,116],{"class":108},[94,13212,1040],{"class":331},[94,13214,9631],{"class":335},[94,13216,332],{"class":331},[94,13218,384],{"class":108},[94,13220,8124],{"class":112},[94,13222,9641],{"class":108},[94,13224,13225,13228,13230,13233,13235,13238],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,13226,13227],{"class":100},"student_copy ",[94,13229,105],{"class":104},[94,13231,13232],{"class":100}," student",[94,13234,168],{"class":108},[94,13236,13237],{"class":152},"copy",[94,13239,511],{"class":108},[94,13241,13242],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,13243,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,13245,13246,13248,13250,13253],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,13247,326],{"class":145},[94,13249,149],{"class":108},[94,13251,13252],{"class":152},"student_copy",[94,13254,316],{"class":108},[94,13256,13257,13259,13261,13263,13265,13267],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,13258,326],{"class":145},[94,13260,149],{"class":108},[94,13262,13227],{"class":152},[94,13264,12519],{"class":4221},[94,13266,13232],{"class":152},[94,13268,316],{"class":108},[24,13270,13271],{},[43,13272,371],{},[85,13274,13276],{"className":87,"code":13275,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\nFalse\n",[15,13277,13278,13310],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,13279,13280,13282,13284,13286,13288,13290,13292,13294,13296,13298,13300,13302,13304,13306,13308],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,13281,9610],{"class":108},[94,13283,968],{"class":331},[94,13285,8001],{"class":335},[94,13287,968],{"class":331},[94,13289,384],{"class":108},[94,13291,962],{"class":331},[94,13293,13206],{"class":335},[94,13295,968],{"class":331},[94,13297,116],{"class":108},[94,13299,962],{"class":331},[94,13301,9631],{"class":335},[94,13303,968],{"class":331},[94,13305,384],{"class":108},[94,13307,8124],{"class":112},[94,13309,9641],{"class":108},[94,13311,13312],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,13313,4386],{"class":1224},[24,13315,54,13316,13318],{},[15,13317,13102],{}," to create a new dictionary object with the same contents. The result is a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[80,13320,13322,13323,13325],{"id":13321},"what-the-copy-method-does","What the ",[15,13324,13102],{}," method does",[28,13327,13328,13333,13336,13341],{},[31,13329,13330,13332],{},[15,13331,12760],{}," returns a new dictionary",[31,13334,13335],{},"The new dictionary starts with the same keys and values as the original",[31,13337,13338,13339],{},"The original dictionary is not changed by calling ",[15,13340,13102],{},[31,13342,13343],{},"It is useful when you want a separate dictionary object",[24,13345,13346,13347,2167,13350,168],{},"If you are still learning how dictionaries work, see ",[434,13348,9489],{"href":13349},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained",[434,13351,9724],{"href":13352},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[80,13354,2514],{"id":2513},[85,13356,13358],{"className":87,"code":13357,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"new_dict = old_dict.copy()\n",[15,13359,13360],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,13361,13362,13365,13367,13370,13372,13374],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,13363,13364],{"class":100},"new_dict ",[94,13366,105],{"class":104},[94,13368,13369],{"class":100}," old_dict",[94,13371,168],{"class":108},[94,13373,13237],{"class":152},[94,13375,511],{"class":108},[24,13377,13378],{},"Key points:",[28,13380,13381,13385,13388],{},[31,13382,13383,11795],{},[15,13384,13102],{},[31,13386,13387],{},"It returns the copied dictionary",[31,13389,13390],{},"You should store the result in a variable if you want to use the new dictionary",[24,13392,2566],{},[85,13394,13396],{"className":87,"code":13395,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"colors = {\"a\": \"red\", \"b\": \"blue\"}\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,13397,13398,13441,13457,13461],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,13399,13400,13403,13405,13407,13409,13411,13413,13415,13417,13420,13422,13424,13426,13428,13430,13432,13434,13437,13439],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,13401,13402],{"class":100},"colors ",[94,13404,105],{"class":104},[94,13406,10823],{"class":108},[94,13408,332],{"class":331},[94,13410,434],{"class":335},[94,13412,332],{"class":331},[94,13414,384],{"class":108},[94,13416,1040],{"class":331},[94,13418,13419],{"class":335},"red",[94,13421,332],{"class":331},[94,13423,116],{"class":108},[94,13425,1040],{"class":331},[94,13427,1937],{"class":335},[94,13429,332],{"class":331},[94,13431,384],{"class":108},[94,13433,1040],{"class":331},[94,13435,13436],{"class":335},"blue",[94,13438,332],{"class":331},[94,13440,9641],{"class":108},[94,13442,13443,13446,13448,13451,13453,13455],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,13444,13445],{"class":100},"new_colors ",[94,13447,105],{"class":104},[94,13449,13450],{"class":100}," colors",[94,13452,168],{"class":108},[94,13454,13237],{"class":152},[94,13456,511],{"class":108},[94,13458,13459],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,13460,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,13462,13463,13465,13467,13470],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,13464,326],{"class":145},[94,13466,149],{"class":108},[94,13468,13469],{"class":152},"new_colors",[94,13471,316],{"class":108},[24,13473,13474],{},[43,13475,371],{},[85,13477,13479],{"className":87,"code":13478,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"{'a': 'red', 'b': 'blue'}\n",[15,13480,13481],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,13482,13483,13485,13487,13489,13491,13493,13495,13497,13499,13501,13503,13505,13507,13509,13511,13513,13515],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,13484,9610],{"class":108},[94,13486,968],{"class":331},[94,13488,434],{"class":335},[94,13490,968],{"class":331},[94,13492,384],{"class":108},[94,13494,962],{"class":331},[94,13496,13419],{"class":335},[94,13498,968],{"class":331},[94,13500,116],{"class":108},[94,13502,962],{"class":331},[94,13504,1937],{"class":335},[94,13506,968],{"class":331},[94,13508,384],{"class":108},[94,13510,962],{"class":331},[94,13512,13436],{"class":335},[94,13514,968],{"class":331},[94,13516,9641],{"class":108},[80,13518,11805],{"id":11804},[24,13520,13521],{},"Here is a basic example with simple values:",[85,13523,13525],{"className":87,"code":13524,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\nperson_copy = person.copy()\n\nperson_copy[\"age\"] = 26\n\nprint(\"Original:\", person)\nprint(\"Copy:\", person_copy)\n",[15,13526,13527,13565,13581,13585,13607,13611,13630],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,13528,13529,13532,13534,13536,13538,13540,13542,13544,13546,13549,13551,13553,13555,13557,13559,13561,13563],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,13530,13531],{"class":100},"person ",[94,13533,105],{"class":104},[94,13535,10823],{"class":108},[94,13537,332],{"class":331},[94,13539,8001],{"class":335},[94,13541,332],{"class":331},[94,13543,384],{"class":108},[94,13545,1040],{"class":331},[94,13547,13548],{"class":335},"Liam",[94,13550,332],{"class":331},[94,13552,116],{"class":108},[94,13554,1040],{"class":331},[94,13556,9631],{"class":335},[94,13558,332],{"class":331},[94,13560,384],{"class":108},[94,13562,9638],{"class":112},[94,13564,9641],{"class":108},[94,13566,13567,13570,13572,13575,13577,13579],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,13568,13569],{"class":100},"person_copy ",[94,13571,105],{"class":104},[94,13573,13574],{"class":100}," person",[94,13576,168],{"class":108},[94,13578,13237],{"class":152},[94,13580,511],{"class":108},[94,13582,13583],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,13584,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,13586,13587,13590,13592,13594,13596,13598,13601,13604],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,13588,13589],{"class":100},"person_copy",[94,13591,539],{"class":108},[94,13593,332],{"class":331},[94,13595,9631],{"class":335},[94,13597,332],{"class":331},[94,13599,13600],{"class":108},"]",[94,13602,13603],{"class":104}," =",[94,13605,13606],{"class":112}," 26\n",[94,13608,13609],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,13610,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,13612,13613,13615,13617,13619,13622,13624,13626,13628],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,13614,326],{"class":145},[94,13616,149],{"class":108},[94,13618,332],{"class":331},[94,13620,13621],{"class":335},"Original:",[94,13623,332],{"class":331},[94,13625,116],{"class":108},[94,13627,13574],{"class":152},[94,13629,316],{"class":108},[94,13631,13632,13634,13636,13638,13641,13643,13645,13648],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,13633,326],{"class":145},[94,13635,149],{"class":108},[94,13637,332],{"class":331},[94,13639,13640],{"class":335},"Copy:",[94,13642,332],{"class":331},[94,13644,116],{"class":108},[94,13646,13647],{"class":152}," person_copy",[94,13649,316],{"class":108},[24,13651,13652],{},[43,13653,371],{},[85,13655,13657],{"className":87,"code":13656,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"Original: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 25}\nCopy: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 26}\n",[15,13658,13659,13696],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,13660,13661,13664,13666,13668,13670,13672,13674,13676,13678,13680,13682,13684,13686,13688,13690,13692,13694],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,13662,13663],{"class":100},"Original",[94,13665,384],{"class":108},[94,13667,10823],{"class":108},[94,13669,968],{"class":331},[94,13671,8001],{"class":335},[94,13673,968],{"class":331},[94,13675,384],{"class":108},[94,13677,962],{"class":331},[94,13679,13548],{"class":335},[94,13681,968],{"class":331},[94,13683,116],{"class":108},[94,13685,962],{"class":331},[94,13687,9631],{"class":335},[94,13689,968],{"class":331},[94,13691,384],{"class":108},[94,13693,9638],{"class":112},[94,13695,9641],{"class":108},[94,13697,13698,13701,13703,13705,13707,13709,13711,13713,13715,13717,13719,13721,13723,13725,13727,13729,13732],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,13699,13700],{"class":100},"Copy",[94,13702,384],{"class":108},[94,13704,10823],{"class":108},[94,13706,968],{"class":331},[94,13708,8001],{"class":335},[94,13710,968],{"class":331},[94,13712,384],{"class":108},[94,13714,962],{"class":331},[94,13716,13548],{"class":335},[94,13718,968],{"class":331},[94,13720,116],{"class":108},[94,13722,962],{"class":331},[94,13724,9631],{"class":335},[94,13726,968],{"class":331},[94,13728,384],{"class":108},[94,13730,13731],{"class":112}," 26",[94,13733,9641],{"class":108},[24,13735,13736],{},"What happened here:",[28,13738,13739,13745,13752],{},[31,13740,13741,13744],{},[15,13742,13743],{},"person.copy()"," created a new dictionary",[31,13746,13747,13748,13751],{},"Changing ",[15,13749,13750],{},"person_copy[\"age\"]"," changed only the copied dictionary",[31,13753,13754],{},"The original dictionary stayed the same",[24,13756,13757],{},"This works as beginners usually expect when the dictionary contains simple values like strings, numbers, or booleans.",[80,13759,13761],{"id":13760},"shallow-copy-explained","Shallow copy explained",[24,13763,13764,13173,13766,168],{},[15,13765,13102],{},[43,13767,13176],{},[24,13769,2463],{},[28,13771,13772,13775,13778],{},[31,13773,13774],{},"The top-level dictionary is new",[31,13776,13777],{},"But nested mutable values are still shared",[31,13779,13780],{},"This includes values like lists and dictionaries inside the dictionary",[24,13782,2566],{},[85,13784,13786],{"className":87,"code":13785,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"grades\": [90, 85]\n}\n\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nstudent_copy[\"grades\"].append(100)\n\nprint(\"Original:\", student)\nprint(\"Copy:\", student_copy)\nprint(student is student_copy)\nprint(student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"])\n",[15,13787,13788,13796,13814,13837,13841,13845,13859,13863,13888,13892,13910,13929,13944],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,13789,13790,13792,13794],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,13791,13189],{"class":100},[94,13793,105],{"class":104},[94,13795,11823],{"class":108},[94,13797,13798,13800,13802,13804,13806,13808,13810,13812],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,13799,11828],{"class":331},[94,13801,8001],{"class":335},[94,13803,332],{"class":331},[94,13805,384],{"class":108},[94,13807,1040],{"class":331},[94,13809,13206],{"class":335},[94,13811,332],{"class":331},[94,13813,11844],{"class":108},[94,13815,13816,13818,13821,13823,13825,13827,13830,13832,13835],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,13817,11828],{"class":331},[94,13819,13820],{"class":335},"grades",[94,13822,332],{"class":331},[94,13824,384],{"class":108},[94,13826,109],{"class":108},[94,13828,13829],{"class":112},"90",[94,13831,116],{"class":108},[94,13833,13834],{"class":112}," 85",[94,13836,127],{"class":108},[94,13838,13839],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,13840,9641],{"class":108},[94,13842,13843],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,13844,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,13846,13847,13849,13851,13853,13855,13857],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,13848,13227],{"class":100},[94,13850,105],{"class":104},[94,13852,13232],{"class":100},[94,13854,168],{"class":108},[94,13856,13237],{"class":152},[94,13858,511],{"class":108},[94,13860,13861],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,13862,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,13864,13865,13867,13869,13871,13873,13875,13878,13881,13883,13886],{"class":96,"line":702},[94,13866,13252],{"class":100},[94,13868,539],{"class":108},[94,13870,332],{"class":331},[94,13872,13820],{"class":335},[94,13874,332],{"class":331},[94,13876,13877],{"class":108},"].",[94,13879,13880],{"class":152},"append",[94,13882,149],{"class":108},[94,13884,13885],{"class":112},"100",[94,13887,316],{"class":108},[94,13889,13890],{"class":96,"line":6763},[94,13891,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,13893,13894,13896,13898,13900,13902,13904,13906,13908],{"class":96,"line":6768},[94,13895,326],{"class":145},[94,13897,149],{"class":108},[94,13899,332],{"class":331},[94,13901,13621],{"class":335},[94,13903,332],{"class":331},[94,13905,116],{"class":108},[94,13907,13232],{"class":152},[94,13909,316],{"class":108},[94,13911,13912,13914,13916,13918,13920,13922,13924,13927],{"class":96,"line":11925},[94,13913,326],{"class":145},[94,13915,149],{"class":108},[94,13917,332],{"class":331},[94,13919,13640],{"class":335},[94,13921,332],{"class":331},[94,13923,116],{"class":108},[94,13925,13926],{"class":152}," student_copy",[94,13928,316],{"class":108},[94,13930,13932,13934,13936,13938,13940,13942],{"class":96,"line":13931},12,[94,13933,326],{"class":145},[94,13935,149],{"class":108},[94,13937,13189],{"class":152},[94,13939,12519],{"class":4221},[94,13941,13926],{"class":152},[94,13943,316],{"class":108},[94,13945,13947,13949,13951,13954,13956,13958,13960,13962,13964,13966,13968,13970,13972,13974,13976],{"class":96,"line":13946},13,[94,13948,326],{"class":145},[94,13950,149],{"class":108},[94,13952,13953],{"class":152},"student",[94,13955,539],{"class":108},[94,13957,332],{"class":331},[94,13959,13820],{"class":335},[94,13961,332],{"class":331},[94,13963,13600],{"class":108},[94,13965,8431],{"class":4221},[94,13967,13926],{"class":152},[94,13969,539],{"class":108},[94,13971,332],{"class":331},[94,13973,13820],{"class":335},[94,13975,332],{"class":331},[94,13977,4234],{"class":108},[24,13979,13980],{},[43,13981,371],{},[85,13983,13985],{"className":87,"code":13984,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"Original: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nCopy: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,13986,13987,14034,14080,14084],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,13988,13989,13991,13993,13995,13997,13999,14001,14003,14005,14007,14009,14011,14013,14015,14017,14019,14021,14023,14025,14027,14029,14031],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,13990,13663],{"class":100},[94,13992,384],{"class":108},[94,13994,10823],{"class":108},[94,13996,968],{"class":331},[94,13998,8001],{"class":335},[94,14000,968],{"class":331},[94,14002,384],{"class":108},[94,14004,962],{"class":331},[94,14006,13206],{"class":335},[94,14008,968],{"class":331},[94,14010,116],{"class":108},[94,14012,962],{"class":331},[94,14014,13820],{"class":335},[94,14016,968],{"class":331},[94,14018,384],{"class":108},[94,14020,109],{"class":108},[94,14022,13829],{"class":112},[94,14024,116],{"class":108},[94,14026,13834],{"class":112},[94,14028,116],{"class":108},[94,14030,10450],{"class":112},[94,14032,14033],{"class":108},"]}\n",[94,14035,14036,14038,14040,14042,14044,14046,14048,14050,14052,14054,14056,14058,14060,14062,14064,14066,14068,14070,14072,14074,14076,14078],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,14037,13700],{"class":100},[94,14039,384],{"class":108},[94,14041,10823],{"class":108},[94,14043,968],{"class":331},[94,14045,8001],{"class":335},[94,14047,968],{"class":331},[94,14049,384],{"class":108},[94,14051,962],{"class":331},[94,14053,13206],{"class":335},[94,14055,968],{"class":331},[94,14057,116],{"class":108},[94,14059,962],{"class":331},[94,14061,13820],{"class":335},[94,14063,968],{"class":331},[94,14065,384],{"class":108},[94,14067,109],{"class":108},[94,14069,13829],{"class":112},[94,14071,116],{"class":108},[94,14073,13834],{"class":112},[94,14075,116],{"class":108},[94,14077,10450],{"class":112},[94,14079,14033],{"class":108},[94,14081,14082],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,14083,4386],{"class":1224},[94,14085,14086],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,14087,4325],{"class":1224},[24,14089,14090],{},"Notice the difference:",[28,14092,14093,14101],{},[31,14094,14095,5126,14098,14100],{},[15,14096,14097],{},"student is student_copy",[15,14099,4020],{},", so they are different dictionaries",[31,14102,14103,5126,14106,14108],{},[15,14104,14105],{},"student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"]",[15,14107,1225],{},", so both dictionaries share the same list",[24,14110,14111],{},"Because of that, changing the nested list in the copy also changed the original.",[24,14113,14114,14115,168],{},"If you want to understand this in more detail, see ",[434,14116,14118],{"href":14117},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","Python shallow copy vs deep copy explained",[80,14120,815,14122],{"id":14121},"when-to-use-copy",[15,14123,13102],{},[24,14125,54,14126,822],{},[15,14127,13102],{},[28,14129,14130,14133,14136,14139],{},[31,14131,14132],{},"You want to edit a dictionary without changing the original",[31,14134,14135],{},"You need a backup before making updates",[31,14137,14138],{},"You pass a dictionary to code that may modify it",[31,14140,14141],{},"Your dictionary contains only simple values, so a shallow copy is enough",[24,14143,2566],{},[85,14145,14147],{"className":87,"code":14146,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\", \"font_size\": 14}\nsettings_backup = settings.copy()\n\nsettings[\"font_size\"] = 16\n\nprint(\"Current:\", settings)\nprint(\"Backup:\", settings_backup)\n",[15,14148,14149,14188,14204,14208,14228,14232,14251],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,14150,14151,14154,14156,14158,14160,14162,14164,14166,14168,14170,14172,14174,14176,14179,14181,14183,14186],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,14152,14153],{"class":100},"settings ",[94,14155,105],{"class":104},[94,14157,10823],{"class":108},[94,14159,332],{"class":331},[94,14161,12820],{"class":335},[94,14163,332],{"class":331},[94,14165,384],{"class":108},[94,14167,1040],{"class":331},[94,14169,12829],{"class":335},[94,14171,332],{"class":331},[94,14173,116],{"class":108},[94,14175,1040],{"class":331},[94,14177,14178],{"class":335},"font_size",[94,14180,332],{"class":331},[94,14182,384],{"class":108},[94,14184,14185],{"class":112}," 14",[94,14187,9641],{"class":108},[94,14189,14190,14193,14195,14198,14200,14202],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,14191,14192],{"class":100},"settings_backup ",[94,14194,105],{"class":104},[94,14196,14197],{"class":100}," settings",[94,14199,168],{"class":108},[94,14201,13237],{"class":152},[94,14203,511],{"class":108},[94,14205,14206],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,14207,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,14209,14210,14213,14215,14217,14219,14221,14223,14225],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,14211,14212],{"class":100},"settings",[94,14214,539],{"class":108},[94,14216,332],{"class":331},[94,14218,14178],{"class":335},[94,14220,332],{"class":331},[94,14222,13600],{"class":108},[94,14224,13603],{"class":104},[94,14226,14227],{"class":112}," 16\n",[94,14229,14230],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,14231,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,14233,14234,14236,14238,14240,14243,14245,14247,14249],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,14235,326],{"class":145},[94,14237,149],{"class":108},[94,14239,332],{"class":331},[94,14241,14242],{"class":335},"Current:",[94,14244,332],{"class":331},[94,14246,116],{"class":108},[94,14248,14197],{"class":152},[94,14250,316],{"class":108},[94,14252,14253,14255,14257,14259,14262,14264,14266,14269],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,14254,326],{"class":145},[94,14256,149],{"class":108},[94,14258,332],{"class":331},[94,14260,14261],{"class":335},"Backup:",[94,14263,332],{"class":331},[94,14265,116],{"class":108},[94,14267,14268],{"class":152}," settings_backup",[94,14270,316],{"class":108},[24,14272,14273],{},[43,14274,371],{},[85,14276,14278],{"className":87,"code":14277,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"Current: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 16}\nBackup: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 14}\n",[15,14279,14280,14318],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,14281,14282,14285,14287,14289,14291,14293,14295,14297,14299,14301,14303,14305,14307,14309,14311,14313,14316],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,14283,14284],{"class":100},"Current",[94,14286,384],{"class":108},[94,14288,10823],{"class":108},[94,14290,968],{"class":331},[94,14292,12820],{"class":335},[94,14294,968],{"class":331},[94,14296,384],{"class":108},[94,14298,962],{"class":331},[94,14300,12829],{"class":335},[94,14302,968],{"class":331},[94,14304,116],{"class":108},[94,14306,962],{"class":331},[94,14308,14178],{"class":335},[94,14310,968],{"class":331},[94,14312,384],{"class":108},[94,14314,14315],{"class":112}," 16",[94,14317,9641],{"class":108},[94,14319,14320,14323,14325,14327,14329,14331,14333,14335,14337,14339,14341,14343,14345,14347,14349,14351,14353],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,14321,14322],{"class":100},"Backup",[94,14324,384],{"class":108},[94,14326,10823],{"class":108},[94,14328,968],{"class":331},[94,14330,12820],{"class":335},[94,14332,968],{"class":331},[94,14334,384],{"class":108},[94,14336,962],{"class":331},[94,14338,12829],{"class":335},[94,14340,968],{"class":331},[94,14342,116],{"class":108},[94,14344,962],{"class":331},[94,14346,14178],{"class":335},[94,14348,968],{"class":331},[94,14350,384],{"class":108},[94,14352,14185],{"class":112},[94,14354,9641],{"class":108},[24,14356,14357,14358,2167,14364,168],{},"This is a common pattern before using methods that change a dictionary, such as ",[434,14359,14361],{"href":14360},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method",[15,14362,14363],{},"dict.update()",[434,14365,14366],{"href":13149},[15,14367,11656],{},[80,14369,14371,14373],{"id":14370},"copy-vs-assignment",[15,14372,13102],{}," vs assignment",[24,14375,14376],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes.",[24,14378,1484,14379,14381,14382,14384],{},[15,14380,105],{}," does ",[43,14383,45],{}," make a new dictionary. It only creates another variable that refers to the same object.",[265,14386,14388],{"id":14387},"using-assignment","Using assignment",[85,14390,14392],{"className":87,"code":14391,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nassigned = original\n\nassigned[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Assigned:\", assigned)\nprint(original is assigned)\n",[15,14393,14394,14426,14435,14439,14459,14463,14481,14501],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,14395,14396,14398,14400,14402,14404,14406,14408,14410,14412,14414,14416,14418,14420,14422,14424],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,14397,12413],{"class":100},[94,14399,105],{"class":104},[94,14401,10823],{"class":108},[94,14403,332],{"class":331},[94,14405,2531],{"class":335},[94,14407,332],{"class":331},[94,14409,384],{"class":108},[94,14411,119],{"class":112},[94,14413,116],{"class":108},[94,14415,1040],{"class":331},[94,14417,12075],{"class":335},[94,14419,332],{"class":331},[94,14421,384],{"class":108},[94,14423,124],{"class":112},[94,14425,9641],{"class":108},[94,14427,14428,14431,14433],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,14429,14430],{"class":100},"assigned ",[94,14432,105],{"class":104},[94,14434,12451],{"class":100},[94,14436,14437],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,14438,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,14440,14441,14444,14446,14448,14450,14452,14454,14456],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,14442,14443],{"class":100},"assigned",[94,14445,539],{"class":108},[94,14447,332],{"class":331},[94,14449,2531],{"class":335},[94,14451,332],{"class":331},[94,14453,13600],{"class":108},[94,14455,13603],{"class":104},[94,14457,14458],{"class":112}," 99\n",[94,14460,14461],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,14462,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,14464,14465,14467,14469,14471,14473,14475,14477,14479],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,14466,326],{"class":145},[94,14468,149],{"class":108},[94,14470,332],{"class":331},[94,14472,13621],{"class":335},[94,14474,332],{"class":331},[94,14476,116],{"class":108},[94,14478,12486],{"class":152},[94,14480,316],{"class":108},[94,14482,14483,14485,14487,14489,14492,14494,14496,14499],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,14484,326],{"class":145},[94,14486,149],{"class":108},[94,14488,332],{"class":331},[94,14490,14491],{"class":335},"Assigned:",[94,14493,332],{"class":331},[94,14495,116],{"class":108},[94,14497,14498],{"class":152}," assigned",[94,14500,316],{"class":108},[94,14502,14503,14505,14507,14509,14511,14513],{"class":96,"line":702},[94,14504,326],{"class":145},[94,14506,149],{"class":108},[94,14508,12413],{"class":152},[94,14510,12519],{"class":4221},[94,14512,14498],{"class":152},[94,14514,316],{"class":108},[24,14516,14517],{},[43,14518,371],{},[85,14520,14522],{"className":87,"code":14521,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"Original: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nAssigned: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nTrue\n",[15,14523,14524,14556,14589],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,14525,14526,14528,14530,14532,14534,14536,14538,14540,14542,14544,14546,14548,14550,14552,14554],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,14527,13663],{"class":100},[94,14529,384],{"class":108},[94,14531,10823],{"class":108},[94,14533,968],{"class":331},[94,14535,2531],{"class":335},[94,14537,968],{"class":331},[94,14539,384],{"class":108},[94,14541,10529],{"class":112},[94,14543,116],{"class":108},[94,14545,962],{"class":331},[94,14547,12075],{"class":335},[94,14549,968],{"class":331},[94,14551,384],{"class":108},[94,14553,124],{"class":112},[94,14555,9641],{"class":108},[94,14557,14558,14561,14563,14565,14567,14569,14571,14573,14575,14577,14579,14581,14583,14585,14587],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,14559,14560],{"class":100},"Assigned",[94,14562,384],{"class":108},[94,14564,10823],{"class":108},[94,14566,968],{"class":331},[94,14568,2531],{"class":335},[94,14570,968],{"class":331},[94,14572,384],{"class":108},[94,14574,10529],{"class":112},[94,14576,116],{"class":108},[94,14578,962],{"class":331},[94,14580,12075],{"class":335},[94,14582,968],{"class":331},[94,14584,384],{"class":108},[94,14586,124],{"class":112},[94,14588,9641],{"class":108},[94,14590,14591],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,14592,4325],{"class":1224},[265,14594,1484,14596],{"id":14595},"using-copy",[15,14597,13102],{},[85,14599,14601],{"className":87,"code":14600,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Copied:\", copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,14602,14603,14635,14650,14654,14673,14677,14695,14715],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,14604,14605,14607,14609,14611,14613,14615,14617,14619,14621,14623,14625,14627,14629,14631,14633],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,14606,12413],{"class":100},[94,14608,105],{"class":104},[94,14610,10823],{"class":108},[94,14612,332],{"class":331},[94,14614,2531],{"class":335},[94,14616,332],{"class":331},[94,14618,384],{"class":108},[94,14620,119],{"class":112},[94,14622,116],{"class":108},[94,14624,1040],{"class":331},[94,14626,12075],{"class":335},[94,14628,332],{"class":331},[94,14630,384],{"class":108},[94,14632,124],{"class":112},[94,14634,9641],{"class":108},[94,14636,14637,14640,14642,14644,14646,14648],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,14638,14639],{"class":100},"copied ",[94,14641,105],{"class":104},[94,14643,12486],{"class":100},[94,14645,168],{"class":108},[94,14647,13237],{"class":152},[94,14649,511],{"class":108},[94,14651,14652],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,14653,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,14655,14656,14659,14661,14663,14665,14667,14669,14671],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,14657,14658],{"class":100},"copied",[94,14660,539],{"class":108},[94,14662,332],{"class":331},[94,14664,2531],{"class":335},[94,14666,332],{"class":331},[94,14668,13600],{"class":108},[94,14670,13603],{"class":104},[94,14672,14458],{"class":112},[94,14674,14675],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,14676,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,14678,14679,14681,14683,14685,14687,14689,14691,14693],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,14680,326],{"class":145},[94,14682,149],{"class":108},[94,14684,332],{"class":331},[94,14686,13621],{"class":335},[94,14688,332],{"class":331},[94,14690,116],{"class":108},[94,14692,12486],{"class":152},[94,14694,316],{"class":108},[94,14696,14697,14699,14701,14703,14706,14708,14710,14713],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,14698,326],{"class":145},[94,14700,149],{"class":108},[94,14702,332],{"class":331},[94,14704,14705],{"class":335},"Copied:",[94,14707,332],{"class":331},[94,14709,116],{"class":108},[94,14711,14712],{"class":152}," copied",[94,14714,316],{"class":108},[94,14716,14717,14719,14721,14723,14725,14727],{"class":96,"line":702},[94,14718,326],{"class":145},[94,14720,149],{"class":108},[94,14722,12413],{"class":152},[94,14724,12519],{"class":4221},[94,14726,14712],{"class":152},[94,14728,316],{"class":108},[24,14730,14731],{},[43,14732,371],{},[85,14734,14736],{"className":87,"code":14735,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"Original: {'x': 1, 'y': 2}\nCopied: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,14737,14738,14770,14803],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,14739,14740,14742,14744,14746,14748,14750,14752,14754,14756,14758,14760,14762,14764,14766,14768],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,14741,13663],{"class":100},[94,14743,384],{"class":108},[94,14745,10823],{"class":108},[94,14747,968],{"class":331},[94,14749,2531],{"class":335},[94,14751,968],{"class":331},[94,14753,384],{"class":108},[94,14755,119],{"class":112},[94,14757,116],{"class":108},[94,14759,962],{"class":331},[94,14761,12075],{"class":335},[94,14763,968],{"class":331},[94,14765,384],{"class":108},[94,14767,124],{"class":112},[94,14769,9641],{"class":108},[94,14771,14772,14775,14777,14779,14781,14783,14785,14787,14789,14791,14793,14795,14797,14799,14801],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,14773,14774],{"class":100},"Copied",[94,14776,384],{"class":108},[94,14778,10823],{"class":108},[94,14780,968],{"class":331},[94,14782,2531],{"class":335},[94,14784,968],{"class":331},[94,14786,384],{"class":108},[94,14788,10529],{"class":112},[94,14790,116],{"class":108},[94,14792,962],{"class":331},[94,14794,12075],{"class":335},[94,14796,968],{"class":331},[94,14798,384],{"class":108},[94,14800,124],{"class":112},[94,14802,9641],{"class":108},[94,14804,14805],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,14806,4386],{"class":1224},[24,14808,14809],{},"Summary:",[28,14811,14812,14818],{},[31,14813,14814,14817],{},[15,14815,14816],{},"assigned = original"," → same dictionary",[31,14819,14820,14823],{},[15,14821,14822],{},"copied = original.copy()"," → new dictionary",[80,14825,14827],{"id":14826},"return-value-and-method-behavior","Return value and method behavior",[24,14829,14830,384],{},[15,14831,13102],{},[28,14833,14834,14837,14840,14843],{},[31,14835,14836],{},"Returns a dictionary",[31,14838,14839],{},"Does not modify the original dictionary",[31,14841,14842],{},"Copies the contents as they are at the time of copying",[31,14844,14845],{},"Keeps later top-level changes separate between the two dictionaries",[24,14847,2566],{},[85,14849,14851],{"className":87,"code":14850,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata_copy = data.copy()\n\ndata[\"a\"] = 10\ndata_copy[\"b\"] = 20\n\nprint(\"Original:\", data)\nprint(\"Copy:\", data_copy)\n",[15,14852,14853,14885,14901,14905,14923,14943,14947,14965],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,14854,14855,14857,14859,14861,14863,14865,14867,14869,14871,14873,14875,14877,14879,14881,14883],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,14856,9499],{"class":100},[94,14858,105],{"class":104},[94,14860,10823],{"class":108},[94,14862,332],{"class":331},[94,14864,434],{"class":335},[94,14866,332],{"class":331},[94,14868,384],{"class":108},[94,14870,119],{"class":112},[94,14872,116],{"class":108},[94,14874,1040],{"class":331},[94,14876,1937],{"class":335},[94,14878,332],{"class":331},[94,14880,384],{"class":108},[94,14882,124],{"class":112},[94,14884,9641],{"class":108},[94,14886,14887,14890,14892,14895,14897,14899],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,14888,14889],{"class":100},"data_copy ",[94,14891,105],{"class":104},[94,14893,14894],{"class":100}," data",[94,14896,168],{"class":108},[94,14898,13237],{"class":152},[94,14900,511],{"class":108},[94,14902,14903],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,14904,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,14906,14907,14909,14911,14913,14915,14917,14919,14921],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,14908,9537],{"class":100},[94,14910,539],{"class":108},[94,14912,332],{"class":331},[94,14914,434],{"class":335},[94,14916,332],{"class":331},[94,14918,13600],{"class":108},[94,14920,13603],{"class":104},[94,14922,2942],{"class":112},[94,14924,14925,14928,14930,14932,14934,14936,14938,14940],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,14926,14927],{"class":100},"data_copy",[94,14929,539],{"class":108},[94,14931,332],{"class":331},[94,14933,1937],{"class":335},[94,14935,332],{"class":331},[94,14937,13600],{"class":108},[94,14939,13603],{"class":104},[94,14941,14942],{"class":112}," 20\n",[94,14944,14945],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,14946,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,14948,14949,14951,14953,14955,14957,14959,14961,14963],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,14950,326],{"class":145},[94,14952,149],{"class":108},[94,14954,332],{"class":331},[94,14956,13621],{"class":335},[94,14958,332],{"class":331},[94,14960,116],{"class":108},[94,14962,14894],{"class":152},[94,14964,316],{"class":108},[94,14966,14967,14969,14971,14973,14975,14977,14979,14982],{"class":96,"line":702},[94,14968,326],{"class":145},[94,14970,149],{"class":108},[94,14972,332],{"class":331},[94,14974,13640],{"class":335},[94,14976,332],{"class":331},[94,14978,116],{"class":108},[94,14980,14981],{"class":152}," data_copy",[94,14983,316],{"class":108},[24,14985,14986],{},[43,14987,371],{},[85,14989,14991],{"className":87,"code":14990,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"Original: {'a': 10, 'b': 2}\nCopy: {'a': 1, 'b': 20}\n",[15,14992,14993,15025],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,14994,14995,14997,14999,15001,15003,15005,15007,15009,15011,15013,15015,15017,15019,15021,15023],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,14996,13663],{"class":100},[94,14998,384],{"class":108},[94,15000,10823],{"class":108},[94,15002,968],{"class":331},[94,15004,434],{"class":335},[94,15006,968],{"class":331},[94,15008,384],{"class":108},[94,15010,6336],{"class":112},[94,15012,116],{"class":108},[94,15014,962],{"class":331},[94,15016,1937],{"class":335},[94,15018,968],{"class":331},[94,15020,384],{"class":108},[94,15022,124],{"class":112},[94,15024,9641],{"class":108},[94,15026,15027,15029,15031,15033,15035,15037,15039,15041,15043,15045,15047,15049,15051,15053,15055],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,15028,13700],{"class":100},[94,15030,384],{"class":108},[94,15032,10823],{"class":108},[94,15034,968],{"class":331},[94,15036,434],{"class":335},[94,15038,968],{"class":331},[94,15040,384],{"class":108},[94,15042,119],{"class":112},[94,15044,116],{"class":108},[94,15046,962],{"class":331},[94,15048,1937],{"class":335},[94,15050,968],{"class":331},[94,15052,384],{"class":108},[94,15054,8124],{"class":112},[94,15056,9641],{"class":108},[80,15058,3186],{"id":3185},[24,15060,15061,15062,384],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into with ",[15,15063,12760],{},[28,15065,15066,15073,15078,15083],{},[31,15067,1484,15068,11420,15070,15072],{},[15,15069,105],{},[15,15071,13102],{}," and expecting an independent dictionary",[31,15074,4923,15075,15077],{},[15,15076,13102],{}," also duplicates nested lists and nested dictionaries",[31,15079,15080,15081],{},"Forgetting to save the return value of ",[15,15082,13102],{},[31,15084,15085],{},"Changing a nested value in the copied dictionary and being surprised that the original also changes",[24,15087,15088],{},"These print statements can help you debug:",[85,15090,15092],{"className":87,"code":15091,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[\"key\"]))\nprint(id(copied[\"key\"]))\n",[15,15093,15094,15104,15114,15128,15151,15173],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,15095,15096,15098,15100,15102],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,15097,326],{"class":145},[94,15099,149],{"class":108},[94,15101,381],{"class":152},[94,15103,316],{"class":108},[94,15105,15106,15108,15110,15112],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,15107,326],{"class":145},[94,15109,149],{"class":108},[94,15111,14658],{"class":152},[94,15113,316],{"class":108},[94,15115,15116,15118,15120,15122,15124,15126],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,15117,326],{"class":145},[94,15119,149],{"class":108},[94,15121,12413],{"class":152},[94,15123,12519],{"class":4221},[94,15125,14712],{"class":152},[94,15127,316],{"class":108},[94,15129,15130,15132,15134,15136,15138,15140,15142,15145,15147,15149],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,15131,326],{"class":145},[94,15133,149],{"class":108},[94,15135,12974],{"class":145},[94,15137,149],{"class":108},[94,15139,381],{"class":152},[94,15141,9566],{"class":108},[94,15143,15144],{"class":145}," id",[94,15146,149],{"class":108},[94,15148,14658],{"class":152},[94,15150,921],{"class":108},[94,15152,15153,15155,15157,15159,15161,15163,15165,15167,15169,15171],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,15154,326],{"class":145},[94,15156,149],{"class":108},[94,15158,12974],{"class":145},[94,15160,149],{"class":108},[94,15162,381],{"class":152},[94,15164,539],{"class":108},[94,15166,332],{"class":331},[94,15168,1142],{"class":335},[94,15170,332],{"class":331},[94,15172,3355],{"class":108},[94,15174,15175,15177,15179,15181,15183,15185,15187,15189,15191,15193],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,15176,326],{"class":145},[94,15178,149],{"class":108},[94,15180,12974],{"class":145},[94,15182,149],{"class":108},[94,15184,14658],{"class":152},[94,15186,539],{"class":108},[94,15188,332],{"class":331},[94,15190,1142],{"class":335},[94,15192,332],{"class":331},[94,15194,3355],{"class":108},[24,15196,15197],{},"What these help you check:",[28,15199,15200,15203,15206],{},[31,15201,15202],{},"Whether the dictionaries have the same contents",[31,15204,15205],{},"Whether the two variables point to the same dictionary",[31,15207,15208],{},"Whether a nested value is shared between both dictionaries",[24,15210,15211,15212,168],{},"If you need to copy nested data structures too, you may need a deep copy. A related example is ",[434,15213,15215],{"href":15214},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python","how to copy a list in Python",[80,15217,2160],{"id":2159},[265,15219,13029,15221,15223],{"id":15220},"does-dictcopy-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,15222,12760],{}," change the original dictionary?",[24,15225,15226],{},"No. It returns a new dictionary and leaves the original unchanged.",[265,15228,15230,15231,15233],{"id":15229},"is-dictcopy-a-deep-copy","Is ",[15,15232,12760],{}," a deep copy?",[24,15235,15236],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable objects are still shared.",[265,15238,5514,15240,1139,15242,2170],{"id":15239},"what-is-the-difference-between-copy-and",[15,15241,13102],{},[15,15243,105],{},[24,15245,15246,15248,15249,15251],{},[15,15247,13102],{}," creates a new dictionary object. ",[15,15250,105],{}," makes a new variable name pointing to the same dictionary.",[265,15253,15255],{"id":15254},"when-should-i-use-a-deep-copy-instead","When should I use a deep copy instead?",[24,15257,15258],{},"Use a deep copy when your dictionary contains nested mutable objects and you want fully independent copies.",[80,15260,2232],{"id":2231},[28,15262,15263,15267,15271,15275,15282,15288],{},[31,15264,15265],{},[434,15266,11571],{"href":13352},[31,15268,15269],{},[434,15270,9489],{"href":13349},[31,15272,15273],{},[434,15274,14118],{"href":14117},[31,15276,15277],{},[434,15278,11066,15279,567],{"href":14360},[15,15280,15281],{},"update()",[31,15283,15284],{},[434,15285,11066,15286,567],{"href":13149},[15,15287,11650],{},[31,15289,15290],{},[434,15291,15292],{"href":15214},"How to copy a list in Python",[2260,15294,15295],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":90,"searchDepth":130,"depth":130,"links":15297},[15298,15299,15301,15302,15303,15304,15306,15312,15313,15314,15323],{"id":2360,"depth":130,"text":2361},{"id":13321,"depth":130,"text":15300},"What the copy() method does",{"id":2513,"depth":130,"text":2514},{"id":11804,"depth":130,"text":11805},{"id":13760,"depth":130,"text":13761},{"id":14121,"depth":130,"text":15305},"When to use copy()",{"id":14370,"depth":130,"text":15307,"children":15308},"copy() vs assignment",[15309,15310],{"id":14387,"depth":137,"text":14388},{"id":14595,"depth":137,"text":15311},"Using copy()",{"id":14826,"depth":130,"text":14827},{"id":3185,"depth":130,"text":3186},{"id":2159,"depth":130,"text":2160,"children":15315},[15316,15318,15320,15322],{"id":15220,"depth":137,"text":15317},"Does dict.copy() change the original dictionary?",{"id":15229,"depth":137,"text":15319},"Is dict.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":15239,"depth":137,"text":15321},"What is the difference between copy() and =?",{"id":15254,"depth":137,"text":15255},{"id":2231,"depth":130,"text":2232},"Master python dictionary copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method",{"title":13155,"description":15324},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method","b4gPFp73mvuYzt0UIHo5udng8ybOHeuBHmfXr7S8Gq0",{"id":15331,"title":15332,"body":15333,"description":17532,"extension":2319,"meta":17533,"navigation":133,"path":13352,"seo":17534,"stem":17535,"__hash__":17536},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary.md","Python Dictionary: Creating a Dictionary",{"type":7,"value":15334,"toc":17494},[15335,15338,15344,15353,15355,15431,15435,15484,15487,15491,15505,15508,15512,15525,15528,15561,15575,15578,15590,15594,15597,15605,15685,15689,15742,15746,15764,15766,15848,15851,15853,15856,15859,15882,15906,15910,15918,15921,15925,15934,15939,15997,16001,16034,16040,16046,16049,16104,16108,16158,16161,16167,16170,16178,16180,16225,16230,16239,16242,16245,16292,16294,16299,16302,16396,16400,16453,16456,16512,16515,16519,16522,16536,16540,16606,16610,16635,16638,16642,16720,16724,16727,16730,16750,16753,16806,16810,16813,16816,16829,16831,16920,16927,16930,16941,16943,16946,16966,16970,16973,16982,16985,17024,17028,17030,17039,17048,17050,17088,17092,17139,17143,17164,17168,17171,17283,17288,17386,17408,17410,17414,17421,17425,17431,17435,17438,17442,17445,17452,17460,17462,17488,17491],[10,15336,15332],{"id":15337},"python-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[24,15339,15340,15341,15343],{},"A dictionary in Python stores data as ",[43,15342,9465],{},". This page shows the main ways to create a dictionary, the basic syntax, and a few common beginner mistakes to avoid.",[24,15345,15346,15347,2167,15349,168],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, you may also want to read ",[434,15348,9489],{"href":9488},[434,15350,15352],{"href":15351},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","what is a dictionary in Python",[80,15354,2361],{"id":2360},[85,15356,15358],{"className":87,"code":15357,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"is_active\": True\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,15359,15360,15368,15386,15400,15413,15417,15421],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,15361,15362,15364,15366],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,15363,13189],{"class":100},[94,15365,105],{"class":104},[94,15367,11823],{"class":108},[94,15369,15370,15372,15374,15376,15378,15380,15382,15384],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,15371,11828],{"class":331},[94,15373,8001],{"class":335},[94,15375,332],{"class":331},[94,15377,384],{"class":108},[94,15379,1040],{"class":331},[94,15381,13206],{"class":335},[94,15383,332],{"class":331},[94,15385,11844],{"class":108},[94,15387,15388,15390,15392,15394,15396,15398],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,15389,11828],{"class":331},[94,15391,9631],{"class":335},[94,15393,332],{"class":331},[94,15395,384],{"class":108},[94,15397,8124],{"class":112},[94,15399,11844],{"class":108},[94,15401,15402,15404,15407,15409,15411],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,15403,11828],{"class":331},[94,15405,15406],{"class":335},"is_active",[94,15408,332],{"class":331},[94,15410,384],{"class":108},[94,15412,6755],{"class":1224},[94,15414,15415],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,15416,9641],{"class":108},[94,15418,15419],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,15420,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,15422,15423,15425,15427,15429],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,15424,326],{"class":145},[94,15426,149],{"class":108},[94,15428,13953],{"class":152},[94,15430,316],{"class":108},[24,15432,15433],{},[43,15434,371],{},[85,15436,15438],{"className":87,"code":15437,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'is_active': True}\n",[15,15439,15440],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,15441,15442,15444,15446,15448,15450,15452,15454,15456,15458,15460,15462,15464,15466,15468,15470,15472,15474,15476,15478,15480,15482],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,15443,9610],{"class":108},[94,15445,968],{"class":331},[94,15447,8001],{"class":335},[94,15449,968],{"class":331},[94,15451,384],{"class":108},[94,15453,962],{"class":331},[94,15455,13206],{"class":335},[94,15457,968],{"class":331},[94,15459,116],{"class":108},[94,15461,962],{"class":331},[94,15463,9631],{"class":335},[94,15465,968],{"class":331},[94,15467,384],{"class":108},[94,15469,8124],{"class":112},[94,15471,116],{"class":108},[94,15473,962],{"class":331},[94,15475,15406],{"class":335},[94,15477,968],{"class":331},[94,15479,384],{"class":108},[94,15481,4261],{"class":1224},[94,15483,9641],{"class":108},[24,15485,15486],{},"Use curly braces with key-value pairs separated by commas. Keys and values are joined with a colon.",[80,15488,15490],{"id":15489},"what-this-page-covers","What this page covers",[28,15492,15493,15496,15499,15502],{},[31,15494,15495],{},"What a dictionary is",[31,15497,15498],{},"The basic syntax for creating one",[31,15500,15501],{},"Common ways to make a dictionary",[31,15503,15504],{},"Beginner mistakes to avoid",[80,15506,15495],{"id":15507},"what-a-dictionary-is",[24,15509,9462,15510,168],{},[43,15511,9465],{},[28,15513,15514,15520],{},[31,15515,15516,15517,15519],{},"A ",[43,15518,1142],{}," is the label",[31,15521,15516,15522,15524],{},[43,15523,2829],{}," is the data connected to that label",[24,15526,15527],{},"For example, in this dictionary:",[85,15529,15531],{"className":87,"code":15530,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\"\n}\n",[15,15532,15533,15541,15557],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,15534,15535,15537,15539],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,15536,13189],{"class":100},[94,15538,105],{"class":104},[94,15540,11823],{"class":108},[94,15542,15543,15545,15547,15549,15551,15553,15555],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,15544,11828],{"class":331},[94,15546,8001],{"class":335},[94,15548,332],{"class":331},[94,15550,384],{"class":108},[94,15552,1040],{"class":331},[94,15554,13206],{"class":335},[94,15556,1812],{"class":331},[94,15558,15559],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,15560,9641],{"class":108},[28,15562,15563,15569],{},[31,15564,15565,15568],{},[15,15566,15567],{},"\"name\""," is the key",[31,15570,15571,15574],{},[15,15572,15573],{},"\"Ana\""," is the value",[24,15576,15577],{},"Dictionaries are useful when your data has labels, such as:",[28,15579,15580,15582,15584,15587],{},[31,15581,8001],{},[31,15583,9631],{},[31,15585,15586],{},"email",[31,15588,15589],{},"country",[80,15591,15593],{"id":15592},"create-a-dictionary-with-curly-braces","Create a dictionary with curly braces",[24,15595,15596],{},"This is the most common way to create a dictionary.",[24,15598,54,15599,15601,15602,168],{},[15,15600,4136],{}," and write each item as ",[15,15603,15604],{},"key: value",[85,15606,15608],{"className":87,"code":15607,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"course\": \"Python\"\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,15609,15610,15618,15636,15650,15667,15671,15675],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,15611,15612,15614,15616],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,15613,13189],{"class":100},[94,15615,105],{"class":104},[94,15617,11823],{"class":108},[94,15619,15620,15622,15624,15626,15628,15630,15632,15634],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,15621,11828],{"class":331},[94,15623,8001],{"class":335},[94,15625,332],{"class":331},[94,15627,384],{"class":108},[94,15629,1040],{"class":331},[94,15631,13206],{"class":335},[94,15633,332],{"class":331},[94,15635,11844],{"class":108},[94,15637,15638,15640,15642,15644,15646,15648],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,15639,11828],{"class":331},[94,15641,9631],{"class":335},[94,15643,332],{"class":331},[94,15645,384],{"class":108},[94,15647,8124],{"class":112},[94,15649,11844],{"class":108},[94,15651,15652,15654,15657,15659,15661,15663,15665],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,15653,11828],{"class":331},[94,15655,15656],{"class":335},"course",[94,15658,332],{"class":331},[94,15660,384],{"class":108},[94,15662,1040],{"class":331},[94,15664,7630],{"class":335},[94,15666,1812],{"class":331},[94,15668,15669],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,15670,9641],{"class":108},[94,15672,15673],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,15674,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,15676,15677,15679,15681,15683],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,15678,326],{"class":145},[94,15680,149],{"class":108},[94,15682,13953],{"class":152},[94,15684,316],{"class":108},[24,15686,15687],{},[43,15688,371],{},[85,15690,15692],{"className":87,"code":15691,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'course': 'Python'}\n",[15,15693,15694],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,15695,15696,15698,15700,15702,15704,15706,15708,15710,15712,15714,15716,15718,15720,15722,15724,15726,15728,15730,15732,15734,15736,15738,15740],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,15697,9610],{"class":108},[94,15699,968],{"class":331},[94,15701,8001],{"class":335},[94,15703,968],{"class":331},[94,15705,384],{"class":108},[94,15707,962],{"class":331},[94,15709,13206],{"class":335},[94,15711,968],{"class":331},[94,15713,116],{"class":108},[94,15715,962],{"class":331},[94,15717,9631],{"class":335},[94,15719,968],{"class":331},[94,15721,384],{"class":108},[94,15723,8124],{"class":112},[94,15725,116],{"class":108},[94,15727,962],{"class":331},[94,15729,15656],{"class":335},[94,15731,968],{"class":331},[94,15733,384],{"class":108},[94,15735,962],{"class":331},[94,15737,7630],{"class":335},[94,15739,968],{"class":331},[94,15741,9641],{"class":108},[265,15743,15745],{"id":15744},"syntax-rules","Syntax rules",[28,15747,15748,15753,15758,15761],{},[31,15749,54,15750,15752],{},[15,15751,4136],{}," to start and end the dictionary",[31,15754,15755,15756],{},"Write each item as ",[15,15757,15604],{},[31,15759,15760],{},"Separate items with commas",[31,15762,15763],{},"String keys are usually written in quotes",[24,15765,2566],{},[85,15767,15769],{"className":87,"code":15768,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"book = {\n    \"title\": \"Python Basics\",\n    \"pages\": 150,\n    \"available\": True\n}\n\nprint(book)\n",[15,15770,15771,15780,15800,15816,15829,15833,15837],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,15772,15773,15776,15778],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,15774,15775],{"class":100},"book ",[94,15777,105],{"class":104},[94,15779,11823],{"class":108},[94,15781,15782,15784,15787,15789,15791,15793,15796,15798],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,15783,11828],{"class":331},[94,15785,15786],{"class":335},"title",[94,15788,332],{"class":331},[94,15790,384],{"class":108},[94,15792,1040],{"class":331},[94,15794,15795],{"class":335},"Python Basics",[94,15797,332],{"class":331},[94,15799,11844],{"class":108},[94,15801,15802,15804,15807,15809,15811,15814],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,15803,11828],{"class":331},[94,15805,15806],{"class":335},"pages",[94,15808,332],{"class":331},[94,15810,384],{"class":108},[94,15812,15813],{"class":112}," 150",[94,15815,11844],{"class":108},[94,15817,15818,15820,15823,15825,15827],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,15819,11828],{"class":331},[94,15821,15822],{"class":335},"available",[94,15824,332],{"class":331},[94,15826,384],{"class":108},[94,15828,6755],{"class":1224},[94,15830,15831],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,15832,9641],{"class":108},[94,15834,15835],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,15836,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,15838,15839,15841,15843,15846],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,15840,326],{"class":145},[94,15842,149],{"class":108},[94,15844,15845],{"class":152},"book",[94,15847,316],{"class":108},[24,15849,15850],{},"This style is best when you already know the keys and values you want to add.",[80,15852,9735],{"id":9734},[24,15854,15855],{},"Sometimes you want to start with an empty dictionary and add items later.",[24,15857,15858],{},"You can create an empty dictionary in two ways:",[85,15860,15862],{"className":87,"code":15861,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"data = {}\nprint(data)\n",[15,15863,15864,15872],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,15865,15866,15868,15870],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,15867,9499],{"class":100},[94,15869,105],{"class":104},[94,15871,10170],{"class":108},[94,15873,15874,15876,15878,15880],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,15875,326],{"class":145},[94,15877,149],{"class":108},[94,15879,9537],{"class":152},[94,15881,316],{"class":108},[85,15883,15884],{"className":87,"code":9738,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,15885,15886,15896],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,15887,15888,15890,15892,15894],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,15889,9499],{"class":100},[94,15891,105],{"class":104},[94,15893,9504],{"class":913},[94,15895,511],{"class":108},[94,15897,15898,15900,15902,15904],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,15899,326],{"class":145},[94,15901,149],{"class":108},[94,15903,9537],{"class":152},[94,15905,316],{"class":108},[24,15907,15908],{},[43,15909,371],{},[85,15911,15912],{"className":87,"code":9767,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,15913,15914],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,15915,15916],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,15917,9767],{"class":108},[24,15919,15920],{},"Both are correct.",[265,15922,15924],{"id":15923},"important-beginner-note","Important beginner note",[24,15926,15927,15929,15930,15933],{},[15,15928,4136],{}," creates an empty ",[43,15931,15932],{},"dictionary",", not an empty set.",[24,15935,15936,15937,168],{},"If you want an empty set, you must use ",[15,15938,4141],{},[85,15940,15942],{"className":87,"code":15941,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"my_dict = {}\nmy_set = set()\n\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(type(my_set))\n",[15,15943,15944,15952,15964,15968,15982],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,15945,15946,15948,15950],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,15947,12054],{"class":100},[94,15949,105],{"class":104},[94,15951,10170],{"class":108},[94,15953,15954,15957,15959,15962],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,15955,15956],{"class":100},"my_set ",[94,15958,105],{"class":104},[94,15960,15961],{"class":913}," set",[94,15963,511],{"class":108},[94,15965,15966],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,15967,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,15969,15970,15972,15974,15976,15978,15980],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,15971,326],{"class":145},[94,15973,149],{"class":108},[94,15975,914],{"class":913},[94,15977,149],{"class":108},[94,15979,11779],{"class":152},[94,15981,921],{"class":108},[94,15983,15984,15986,15988,15990,15992,15995],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,15985,326],{"class":145},[94,15987,149],{"class":108},[94,15989,914],{"class":913},[94,15991,149],{"class":108},[94,15993,15994],{"class":152},"my_set",[94,15996,921],{"class":108},[24,15998,15999],{},[43,16000,371],{},[85,16002,16004],{"className":87,"code":16003,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,16005,16006,16020],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,16007,16008,16010,16012,16014,16016,16018],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,16009,955],{"class":104},[94,16011,959],{"class":958},[94,16013,962],{"class":331},[94,16015,9154],{"class":335},[94,16017,968],{"class":331},[94,16019,971],{"class":104},[94,16021,16022,16024,16026,16028,16030,16032],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,16023,955],{"class":104},[94,16025,959],{"class":958},[94,16027,962],{"class":331},[94,16029,6619],{"class":335},[94,16031,968],{"class":331},[94,16033,971],{"class":104},[80,16035,16037,16038],{"id":16036},"create-a-dictionary-with-dict","Create a dictionary with ",[15,16039,9453],{},[24,16041,16042,16043,16045],{},"You can also use ",[15,16044,9453],{}," to create a dictionary.",[24,16047,16048],{},"One simple way is with keyword arguments:",[85,16050,16052],{"className":87,"code":16051,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"student = dict(name=\"Ana\", age=20, active=True)\nprint(student)\n",[15,16053,16054,16094],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,16055,16056,16058,16060,16062,16064,16066,16068,16070,16072,16074,16076,16078,16080,16083,16085,16088,16090,16092],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,16057,13189],{"class":100},[94,16059,105],{"class":104},[94,16061,9504],{"class":913},[94,16063,149],{"class":108},[94,16065,8001],{"class":1218},[94,16067,105],{"class":104},[94,16069,332],{"class":331},[94,16071,13206],{"class":335},[94,16073,332],{"class":331},[94,16075,116],{"class":108},[94,16077,9521],{"class":1218},[94,16079,105],{"class":104},[94,16081,16082],{"class":112},"20",[94,16084,116],{"class":108},[94,16086,16087],{"class":1218}," active",[94,16089,105],{"class":104},[94,16091,1225],{"class":1224},[94,16093,316],{"class":108},[94,16095,16096,16098,16100,16102],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,16097,326],{"class":145},[94,16099,149],{"class":108},[94,16101,13953],{"class":152},[94,16103,316],{"class":108},[24,16105,16106],{},[43,16107,371],{},[85,16109,16111],{"className":87,"code":16110,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'active': True}\n",[15,16112,16113],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,16114,16115,16117,16119,16121,16123,16125,16127,16129,16131,16133,16135,16137,16139,16141,16143,16145,16147,16150,16152,16154,16156],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,16116,9610],{"class":108},[94,16118,968],{"class":331},[94,16120,8001],{"class":335},[94,16122,968],{"class":331},[94,16124,384],{"class":108},[94,16126,962],{"class":331},[94,16128,13206],{"class":335},[94,16130,968],{"class":331},[94,16132,116],{"class":108},[94,16134,962],{"class":331},[94,16136,9631],{"class":335},[94,16138,968],{"class":331},[94,16140,384],{"class":108},[94,16142,8124],{"class":112},[94,16144,116],{"class":108},[94,16146,962],{"class":331},[94,16148,16149],{"class":335},"active",[94,16151,968],{"class":331},[94,16153,384],{"class":108},[94,16155,4261],{"class":1224},[94,16157,9641],{"class":108},[24,16159,16160],{},"This can be easy to read for small dictionaries.",[265,16162,16164,16165],{"id":16163},"important-rule-for-dict","Important rule for ",[15,16166,9453],{},[24,16168,16169],{},"When using keyword arguments:",[28,16171,16172,16175],{},[31,16173,16174],{},"keys must be valid Python names",[31,16176,16177],{},"you do not put quotes around the keys",[24,16179,7020],{},[85,16181,16183],{"className":87,"code":16182,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"user = dict(name=\"Sam\", age=25)\nprint(user)\n",[15,16184,16185,16215],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,16186,16187,16189,16191,16193,16195,16197,16199,16201,16203,16205,16207,16209,16211,16213],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,16188,11818],{"class":100},[94,16190,105],{"class":104},[94,16192,9504],{"class":913},[94,16194,149],{"class":108},[94,16196,8001],{"class":1218},[94,16198,105],{"class":104},[94,16200,332],{"class":331},[94,16202,8010],{"class":335},[94,16204,332],{"class":331},[94,16206,116],{"class":108},[94,16208,9521],{"class":1218},[94,16210,105],{"class":104},[94,16212,9526],{"class":112},[94,16214,316],{"class":108},[94,16216,16217,16219,16221,16223],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,16218,326],{"class":145},[94,16220,149],{"class":108},[94,16222,11912],{"class":152},[94,16224,316],{"class":108},[24,16226,4971,16227,16229],{},[43,16228,45],{}," work as keyword syntax:",[85,16231,16233],{"className":87,"code":16232,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"# dict(first-name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,16234,16235],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,16236,16237],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,16238,16232],{"class":159},[24,16240,16241],{},"That key is not a valid Python name because it contains a hyphen.",[24,16243,16244],{},"If your keys are not valid Python names, use curly braces instead:",[85,16246,16248],{"className":87,"code":16247,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"user = {\n    \"first-name\": \"Sam\"\n}\n\nprint(user)\n",[15,16249,16250,16258,16274,16278,16282],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,16251,16252,16254,16256],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,16253,11818],{"class":100},[94,16255,105],{"class":104},[94,16257,11823],{"class":108},[94,16259,16260,16262,16264,16266,16268,16270,16272],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,16261,11828],{"class":331},[94,16263,10828],{"class":335},[94,16265,332],{"class":331},[94,16267,384],{"class":108},[94,16269,1040],{"class":331},[94,16271,8010],{"class":335},[94,16273,1812],{"class":331},[94,16275,16276],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,16277,9641],{"class":108},[94,16279,16280],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,16281,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,16283,16284,16286,16288,16290],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,16285,326],{"class":145},[94,16287,149],{"class":108},[94,16289,11912],{"class":152},[94,16291,316],{"class":108},[80,16293,9777],{"id":9776},[24,16295,16296,16298],{},[15,16297,9453],{}," can also build a dictionary from key-value pairs.",[24,16300,16301],{},"This is useful when your data already exists as pairs, such as a list of tuples.",[85,16303,16305],{"className":87,"code":16304,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"pairs = [(\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20), (\"city\", \"Lima\")]\n\nstudent = dict(pairs)\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,16306,16307,16364,16368,16382,16386],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,16308,16309,16311,16313,16315,16317,16319,16321,16323,16325,16327,16329,16331,16333,16335,16337,16339,16341,16343,16345,16347,16349,16351,16353,16355,16357,16360,16362],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,16310,9548],{"class":100},[94,16312,105],{"class":104},[94,16314,9553],{"class":108},[94,16316,332],{"class":331},[94,16318,8001],{"class":335},[94,16320,332],{"class":331},[94,16322,116],{"class":108},[94,16324,1040],{"class":331},[94,16326,13206],{"class":335},[94,16328,332],{"class":331},[94,16330,9566],{"class":108},[94,16332,854],{"class":108},[94,16334,332],{"class":331},[94,16336,9631],{"class":335},[94,16338,332],{"class":331},[94,16340,116],{"class":108},[94,16342,8124],{"class":112},[94,16344,9566],{"class":108},[94,16346,854],{"class":108},[94,16348,332],{"class":331},[94,16350,10741],{"class":335},[94,16352,332],{"class":331},[94,16354,116],{"class":108},[94,16356,1040],{"class":331},[94,16358,16359],{"class":335},"Lima",[94,16361,332],{"class":331},[94,16363,9581],{"class":108},[94,16365,16366],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,16367,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,16369,16370,16372,16374,16376,16378,16380],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,16371,13189],{"class":100},[94,16373,105],{"class":104},[94,16375,9504],{"class":913},[94,16377,149],{"class":108},[94,16379,9594],{"class":152},[94,16381,316],{"class":108},[94,16383,16384],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,16385,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,16387,16388,16390,16392,16394],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,16389,326],{"class":145},[94,16391,149],{"class":108},[94,16393,13953],{"class":152},[94,16395,316],{"class":108},[24,16397,16398],{},[43,16399,371],{},[85,16401,16403],{"className":87,"code":16402,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,16404,16405],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,16406,16407,16409,16411,16413,16415,16417,16419,16421,16423,16425,16427,16429,16431,16433,16435,16437,16439,16441,16443,16445,16447,16449,16451],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,16408,9610],{"class":108},[94,16410,968],{"class":331},[94,16412,8001],{"class":335},[94,16414,968],{"class":331},[94,16416,384],{"class":108},[94,16418,962],{"class":331},[94,16420,13206],{"class":335},[94,16422,968],{"class":331},[94,16424,116],{"class":108},[94,16426,962],{"class":331},[94,16428,9631],{"class":335},[94,16430,968],{"class":331},[94,16432,384],{"class":108},[94,16434,8124],{"class":112},[94,16436,116],{"class":108},[94,16438,962],{"class":331},[94,16440,10741],{"class":335},[94,16442,968],{"class":331},[94,16444,384],{"class":108},[94,16446,962],{"class":331},[94,16448,16359],{"class":335},[94,16450,968],{"class":331},[94,16452,9641],{"class":108},[24,16454,16455],{},"You can also use tuples directly:",[85,16457,16459],{"className":87,"code":16458,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"student = dict(((\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20)))\nprint(student)\n",[15,16460,16461,16502],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,16462,16463,16465,16467,16469,16472,16474,16476,16478,16480,16482,16484,16486,16488,16490,16492,16494,16496,16498,16500],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,16464,13189],{"class":100},[94,16466,105],{"class":104},[94,16468,9504],{"class":913},[94,16470,16471],{"class":108},"(((",[94,16473,332],{"class":331},[94,16475,8001],{"class":335},[94,16477,332],{"class":331},[94,16479,116],{"class":108},[94,16481,1040],{"class":331},[94,16483,13206],{"class":335},[94,16485,332],{"class":331},[94,16487,9566],{"class":108},[94,16489,854],{"class":108},[94,16491,332],{"class":331},[94,16493,9631],{"class":335},[94,16495,332],{"class":331},[94,16497,116],{"class":108},[94,16499,8124],{"class":112},[94,16501,3268],{"class":108},[94,16503,16504,16506,16508,16510],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,16505,326],{"class":145},[94,16507,149],{"class":108},[94,16509,13953],{"class":152},[94,16511,316],{"class":108},[24,16513,16514],{},"This approach is helpful when you receive data in pair form and want to turn it into a dictionary.",[80,16516,16518],{"id":16517},"rules-beginners-should-know","Rules beginners should know",[24,16520,16521],{},"Here are a few important dictionary rules:",[28,16523,16524,16527,16530,16533],{},[31,16525,16526],{},"Keys must be unique",[31,16528,16529],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value replaces earlier ones",[31,16531,16532],{},"Values can repeat",[31,16534,16535],{},"Keys are often strings, but other immutable types can also be keys",[265,16537,16539],{"id":16538},"duplicate-key-example","Duplicate key example",[85,16541,16543],{"className":87,"code":16542,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"data = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"name\": \"Maria\"\n}\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,16544,16545,16553,16571,16588,16592,16596],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,16546,16547,16549,16551],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,16548,9499],{"class":100},[94,16550,105],{"class":104},[94,16552,11823],{"class":108},[94,16554,16555,16557,16559,16561,16563,16565,16567,16569],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,16556,11828],{"class":331},[94,16558,8001],{"class":335},[94,16560,332],{"class":331},[94,16562,384],{"class":108},[94,16564,1040],{"class":331},[94,16566,13206],{"class":335},[94,16568,332],{"class":331},[94,16570,11844],{"class":108},[94,16572,16573,16575,16577,16579,16581,16583,16586],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,16574,11828],{"class":331},[94,16576,8001],{"class":335},[94,16578,332],{"class":331},[94,16580,384],{"class":108},[94,16582,1040],{"class":331},[94,16584,16585],{"class":335},"Maria",[94,16587,1812],{"class":331},[94,16589,16590],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,16591,9641],{"class":108},[94,16593,16594],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,16595,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,16597,16598,16600,16602,16604],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,16599,326],{"class":145},[94,16601,149],{"class":108},[94,16603,9537],{"class":152},[94,16605,316],{"class":108},[24,16607,16608],{},[43,16609,371],{},[85,16611,16613],{"className":87,"code":16612,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"{'name': 'Maria'}\n",[15,16614,16615],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,16616,16617,16619,16621,16623,16625,16627,16629,16631,16633],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,16618,9610],{"class":108},[94,16620,968],{"class":331},[94,16622,8001],{"class":335},[94,16624,968],{"class":331},[94,16626,384],{"class":108},[94,16628,962],{"class":331},[94,16630,16585],{"class":335},[94,16632,968],{"class":331},[94,16634,9641],{"class":108},[24,16636,16637],{},"Only the last value is kept.",[265,16639,16641],{"id":16640},"keys-can-be-numbers-too","Keys can be numbers too",[85,16643,16645],{"className":87,"code":16644,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"scores = {\n    1: \"low\",\n    2: \"medium\",\n    3: \"high\"\n}\n\nprint(scores)\n",[15,16646,16647,16655,16671,16687,16701,16705,16709],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,16648,16649,16651,16653],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,16650,5401],{"class":100},[94,16652,105],{"class":104},[94,16654,11823],{"class":108},[94,16656,16657,16660,16662,16664,16667,16669],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,16658,16659],{"class":112},"    1",[94,16661,384],{"class":108},[94,16663,1040],{"class":331},[94,16665,16666],{"class":335},"low",[94,16668,332],{"class":331},[94,16670,11844],{"class":108},[94,16672,16673,16676,16678,16680,16683,16685],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,16674,16675],{"class":112},"    2",[94,16677,384],{"class":108},[94,16679,1040],{"class":331},[94,16681,16682],{"class":335},"medium",[94,16684,332],{"class":331},[94,16686,11844],{"class":108},[94,16688,16689,16692,16694,16696,16699],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,16690,16691],{"class":112},"    3",[94,16693,384],{"class":108},[94,16695,1040],{"class":331},[94,16697,16698],{"class":335},"high",[94,16700,1812],{"class":331},[94,16702,16703],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,16704,9641],{"class":108},[94,16706,16707],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,16708,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,16710,16711,16713,16715,16718],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,16712,326],{"class":145},[94,16714,149],{"class":108},[94,16716,16717],{"class":152},"scores",[94,16719,316],{"class":108},[265,16721,16723],{"id":16722},"mutable-types-cannot-be-keys","Mutable types cannot be keys",[24,16725,16726],{},"A list cannot be a dictionary key because lists are mutable.",[24,16728,16729],{},"This will cause an error:",[85,16731,16733],{"className":87,"code":16732,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"# bad = {\n#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n# }\n",[15,16734,16735,16740,16745],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,16736,16737],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,16738,16739],{"class":159},"# bad = {\n",[94,16741,16742],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,16743,16744],{"class":159},"#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n",[94,16746,16747],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,16748,16749],{"class":159},"# }\n",[24,16751,16752],{},"But a tuple can be used as a key because tuples are immutable:",[85,16754,16756],{"className":87,"code":16755,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"good = {\n    (1, 2): \"numbers\"\n}\n\nprint(good)\n",[15,16757,16758,16767,16787,16791,16795],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,16759,16760,16763,16765],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,16761,16762],{"class":100},"good ",[94,16764,105],{"class":104},[94,16766,11823],{"class":108},[94,16768,16769,16772,16774,16776,16778,16781,16783,16785],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,16770,16771],{"class":108},"    (",[94,16773,412],{"class":112},[94,16775,116],{"class":108},[94,16777,124],{"class":112},[94,16779,16780],{"class":108},"):",[94,16782,1040],{"class":331},[94,16784,153],{"class":335},[94,16786,1812],{"class":331},[94,16788,16789],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,16790,9641],{"class":108},[94,16792,16793],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,16794,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,16796,16797,16799,16801,16804],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,16798,326],{"class":145},[94,16800,149],{"class":108},[94,16802,16803],{"class":152},"good",[94,16805,316],{"class":108},[80,16807,16809],{"id":16808},"when-to-use-a-dictionary","When to use a dictionary",[24,16811,16812],{},"Use a dictionary when each value has a label.",[24,16814,16815],{},"Dictionaries are a good choice for:",[28,16817,16818,16821,16823,16826],{},[31,16819,16820],{},"user data",[31,16822,14212],{},[31,16824,16825],{},"counters",[31,16827,16828],{},"lookups",[24,16830,2566],{},[85,16832,16834],{"className":87,"code":16833,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"user = {\n    \"username\": \"ana123\",\n    \"email\": \"ana@example.com\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\nprint(user[\"email\"])\n",[15,16835,16836,16844,16863,16882,16894,16898,16902],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,16837,16838,16840,16842],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,16839,11818],{"class":100},[94,16841,105],{"class":104},[94,16843,11823],{"class":108},[94,16845,16846,16848,16850,16852,16854,16856,16859,16861],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,16847,11828],{"class":331},[94,16849,8320],{"class":335},[94,16851,332],{"class":331},[94,16853,384],{"class":108},[94,16855,1040],{"class":331},[94,16857,16858],{"class":335},"ana123",[94,16860,332],{"class":331},[94,16862,11844],{"class":108},[94,16864,16865,16867,16869,16871,16873,16875,16878,16880],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,16866,11828],{"class":331},[94,16868,15586],{"class":335},[94,16870,332],{"class":331},[94,16872,384],{"class":108},[94,16874,1040],{"class":331},[94,16876,16877],{"class":335},"ana@example.com",[94,16879,332],{"class":331},[94,16881,11844],{"class":108},[94,16883,16884,16886,16888,16890,16892],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,16885,11828],{"class":331},[94,16887,12840],{"class":335},[94,16889,332],{"class":331},[94,16891,384],{"class":108},[94,16893,6755],{"class":1224},[94,16895,16896],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,16897,9641],{"class":108},[94,16899,16900],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,16901,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,16903,16904,16906,16908,16910,16912,16914,16916,16918],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,16905,326],{"class":145},[94,16907,149],{"class":108},[94,16909,11912],{"class":152},[94,16911,539],{"class":108},[94,16913,332],{"class":331},[94,16915,15586],{"class":335},[94,16917,332],{"class":331},[94,16919,4234],{"class":108},[24,16921,16922,16923,168],{},"If you want to learn how to read values from a dictionary, see ",[434,16924,16926],{"href":16925},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-access-values-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to access values in a dictionary in Python",[24,16928,16929],{},"A list is usually a better choice when:",[28,16931,16932,16935,16938],{},[31,16933,16934],{},"labels are not needed",[31,16936,16937],{},"you mostly care about position",[31,16939,16940],{},"order matters more than named fields",[80,16942,3186],{"id":3185},[24,16944,16945],{},"Beginners often make these mistakes when creating dictionaries:",[28,16947,16948,16951,16954,16957,16960],{},[31,16949,16950],{},"Using commas instead of colons between keys and values",[31,16952,16953],{},"Forgetting quotes around string keys when needed",[31,16955,16956],{},"Repeating the same key and expecting both values to stay",[31,16958,16959],{},"Using a mutable type like a list as a dictionary key",[31,16961,16962,16963,16965],{},"Mixing up ",[15,16964,4136],{}," for dictionaries and sets",[265,16967,16969],{"id":16968},"mistake-using-a-comma-instead-of-a-colon","Mistake: using a comma instead of a colon",[24,16971,16972],{},"Wrong:",[85,16974,16976],{"className":87,"code":16975,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"# student = {\"name\", \"Ana\"}\n",[15,16977,16978],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,16979,16980],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,16981,16975],{"class":159},[24,16983,16984],{},"Correct:",[85,16986,16988],{"className":87,"code":16987,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student)\n",[15,16989,16990,17014],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,16991,16992,16994,16996,16998,17000,17002,17004,17006,17008,17010,17012],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,16993,13189],{"class":100},[94,16995,105],{"class":104},[94,16997,10823],{"class":108},[94,16999,332],{"class":331},[94,17001,8001],{"class":335},[94,17003,332],{"class":331},[94,17005,384],{"class":108},[94,17007,1040],{"class":331},[94,17009,13206],{"class":335},[94,17011,332],{"class":331},[94,17013,9641],{"class":108},[94,17015,17016,17018,17020,17022],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,17017,326],{"class":145},[94,17019,149],{"class":108},[94,17021,13953],{"class":152},[94,17023,316],{"class":108},[265,17025,17027],{"id":17026},"mistake-forgetting-quotes-around-a-string-key","Mistake: forgetting quotes around a string key",[24,17029,16972],{},[85,17031,17033],{"className":87,"code":17032,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"# student = {name: \"Ana\"}\n",[15,17034,17035],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,17036,17037],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,17038,17032],{"class":159},[24,17040,17041,17042,17044,17045,17047],{},"This only works if ",[15,17043,8001],{}," is already a variable. If you want the key to be the text ",[15,17046,15567],{},", use quotes.",[24,17049,16984],{},[85,17051,17052],{"className":87,"code":16987,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,17053,17054,17078],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,17055,17056,17058,17060,17062,17064,17066,17068,17070,17072,17074,17076],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,17057,13189],{"class":100},[94,17059,105],{"class":104},[94,17061,10823],{"class":108},[94,17063,332],{"class":331},[94,17065,8001],{"class":335},[94,17067,332],{"class":331},[94,17069,384],{"class":108},[94,17071,1040],{"class":331},[94,17073,13206],{"class":335},[94,17075,332],{"class":331},[94,17077,9641],{"class":108},[94,17079,17080,17082,17084,17086],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,17081,326],{"class":145},[94,17083,149],{"class":108},[94,17085,13953],{"class":152},[94,17087,316],{"class":108},[265,17089,17091],{"id":17090},"mistake-expecting-duplicate-keys-to-stay","Mistake: expecting duplicate keys to stay",[85,17093,17095],{"className":87,"code":17094,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"data = {\"age\": 20, \"age\": 30}\nprint(data)\n",[15,17096,17097,17129],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,17098,17099,17101,17103,17105,17107,17109,17111,17113,17115,17117,17119,17121,17123,17125,17127],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,17100,9499],{"class":100},[94,17102,105],{"class":104},[94,17104,10823],{"class":108},[94,17106,332],{"class":331},[94,17108,9631],{"class":335},[94,17110,332],{"class":331},[94,17112,384],{"class":108},[94,17114,8124],{"class":112},[94,17116,116],{"class":108},[94,17118,1040],{"class":331},[94,17120,9631],{"class":335},[94,17122,332],{"class":331},[94,17124,384],{"class":108},[94,17126,8129],{"class":112},[94,17128,9641],{"class":108},[94,17130,17131,17133,17135,17137],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,17132,326],{"class":145},[94,17134,149],{"class":108},[94,17136,9537],{"class":152},[94,17138,316],{"class":108},[24,17140,17141],{},[43,17142,371],{},[85,17144,17146],{"className":87,"code":17145,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"{'age': 30}\n",[15,17147,17148],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,17149,17150,17152,17154,17156,17158,17160,17162],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,17151,9610],{"class":108},[94,17153,968],{"class":331},[94,17155,9631],{"class":335},[94,17157,968],{"class":331},[94,17159,384],{"class":108},[94,17161,8129],{"class":112},[94,17163,9641],{"class":108},[80,17165,17167],{"id":17166},"helpful-checks-while-learning","Helpful checks while learning",[24,17169,17170],{},"These quick commands can help you inspect a dictionary:",[85,17172,17174],{"className":87,"code":17173,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(len(my_dict))\n",[15,17175,17176,17212,17216,17226,17240,17255,17269],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,17177,17178,17180,17182,17184,17186,17188,17190,17192,17194,17196,17198,17200,17202,17204,17206,17208,17210],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,17179,12054],{"class":100},[94,17181,105],{"class":104},[94,17183,10823],{"class":108},[94,17185,332],{"class":331},[94,17187,8001],{"class":335},[94,17189,332],{"class":331},[94,17191,384],{"class":108},[94,17193,1040],{"class":331},[94,17195,13206],{"class":335},[94,17197,332],{"class":331},[94,17199,116],{"class":108},[94,17201,1040],{"class":331},[94,17203,9631],{"class":335},[94,17205,332],{"class":331},[94,17207,384],{"class":108},[94,17209,8124],{"class":112},[94,17211,9641],{"class":108},[94,17213,17214],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,17215,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,17217,17218,17220,17222,17224],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,17219,326],{"class":145},[94,17221,149],{"class":108},[94,17223,11779],{"class":152},[94,17225,316],{"class":108},[94,17227,17228,17230,17232,17234,17236,17238],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,17229,326],{"class":145},[94,17231,149],{"class":108},[94,17233,914],{"class":913},[94,17235,149],{"class":108},[94,17237,11779],{"class":152},[94,17239,921],{"class":108},[94,17241,17242,17244,17246,17248,17250,17253],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,17243,326],{"class":145},[94,17245,149],{"class":108},[94,17247,11779],{"class":152},[94,17249,168],{"class":108},[94,17251,17252],{"class":152},"keys",[94,17254,7527],{"class":108},[94,17256,17257,17259,17261,17263,17265,17267],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,17258,326],{"class":145},[94,17260,149],{"class":108},[94,17262,11779],{"class":152},[94,17264,168],{"class":108},[94,17266,5690],{"class":152},[94,17268,7527],{"class":108},[94,17270,17271,17273,17275,17277,17279,17281],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,17272,326],{"class":145},[94,17274,149],{"class":108},[94,17276,11490],{"class":145},[94,17278,149],{"class":108},[94,17280,11779],{"class":152},[94,17282,921],{"class":108},[24,17284,17285],{},[43,17286,17287],{},"Example output:",[85,17289,17291],{"className":87,"code":17290,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\ndict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\n2\n",[15,17292,17293,17325,17339,17362,17381],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,17294,17295,17297,17299,17301,17303,17305,17307,17309,17311,17313,17315,17317,17319,17321,17323],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,17296,9610],{"class":108},[94,17298,968],{"class":331},[94,17300,8001],{"class":335},[94,17302,968],{"class":331},[94,17304,384],{"class":108},[94,17306,962],{"class":331},[94,17308,13206],{"class":335},[94,17310,968],{"class":331},[94,17312,116],{"class":108},[94,17314,962],{"class":331},[94,17316,9631],{"class":335},[94,17318,968],{"class":331},[94,17320,384],{"class":108},[94,17322,8124],{"class":112},[94,17324,9641],{"class":108},[94,17326,17327,17329,17331,17333,17335,17337],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,17328,955],{"class":104},[94,17330,959],{"class":958},[94,17332,962],{"class":331},[94,17334,9154],{"class":335},[94,17336,968],{"class":331},[94,17338,971],{"class":104},[94,17340,17341,17344,17346,17348,17350,17352,17354,17356,17358,17360],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,17342,17343],{"class":152},"dict_keys",[94,17345,3342],{"class":108},[94,17347,968],{"class":331},[94,17349,8001],{"class":335},[94,17351,968],{"class":331},[94,17353,116],{"class":108},[94,17355,962],{"class":331},[94,17357,9631],{"class":335},[94,17359,968],{"class":331},[94,17361,4234],{"class":108},[94,17363,17364,17367,17369,17371,17373,17375,17377,17379],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,17365,17366],{"class":152},"dict_values",[94,17368,3342],{"class":108},[94,17370,968],{"class":331},[94,17372,13206],{"class":335},[94,17374,968],{"class":331},[94,17376,116],{"class":108},[94,17378,8124],{"class":112},[94,17380,4234],{"class":108},[94,17382,17383],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,17384,17385],{"class":112},"2\n",[24,17387,17388,17389,2547,17395,17401,17402,168],{},"If you want to learn these methods in more detail, see ",[434,17390,11066,17392],{"href":17391},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method\u002F",[15,17393,17394],{},"keys()",[434,17396,11066,17398],{"href":17397},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method\u002F",[15,17399,17400],{},"values()",", and ",[434,17403,11066,17405],{"href":17404},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method\u002F",[15,17406,17407],{},"items()",[80,17409,2160],{"id":2159},[265,17411,17413],{"id":17412},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-dictionary-in-python","How do I create an empty dictionary in Python?",[24,17415,54,17416,2167,17418,17420],{},[15,17417,4136],{},[15,17419,9453],{},". Both create an empty dictionary.",[265,17422,17424],{"id":17423},"what-is-the-easiest-way-to-create-a-dictionary","What is the easiest way to create a dictionary?",[24,17426,17427,17428,168],{},"The easiest way is usually curly braces with key-value pairs, like ",[15,17429,17430],{},"{\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}",[265,17432,17434],{"id":17433},"can-dictionary-keys-be-numbers","Can dictionary keys be numbers?",[24,17436,17437],{},"Yes. Keys can be numbers, strings, tuples, and other immutable types.",[265,17439,17441],{"id":17440},"can-a-dictionary-have-duplicate-keys","Can a dictionary have duplicate keys?",[24,17443,17444],{},"A dictionary can be written with duplicate keys, but only the last value for that key is kept.",[265,17446,5514,17448,1139,17450,2170],{"id":17447},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-dict",[15,17449,4136],{},[15,17451,9453],{},[24,17453,17454,17456,17457,17459],{},[15,17455,4136],{}," is the most common literal syntax. ",[15,17458,9453],{}," is a constructor and is useful for empty dictionaries, keyword arguments, or key-value pair data.",[80,17461,2232],{"id":2231},[28,17463,17464,17468,17474,17478,17484],{},[31,17465,17466],{},[434,17467,9489],{"href":9488},[31,17469,17470],{},[434,17471,11066,17472,567],{"href":11065},[15,17473,11069],{},[31,17475,17476],{},[434,17477,11580],{"href":11060},[31,17479,17480],{},[434,17481,17483],{"href":17482},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-key-exists-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[31,17485,17486],{},[434,17487,11591],{"href":11402},[24,17489,17490],{},"Next step: learn how to access, add, and safely read dictionary values.",[2260,17492,17493],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":90,"searchDepth":130,"depth":130,"links":17495},[17496,17497,17498,17499,17502,17505,17510,17511,17516,17517,17522,17523,17531],{"id":2360,"depth":130,"text":2361},{"id":15489,"depth":130,"text":15490},{"id":15507,"depth":130,"text":15495},{"id":15592,"depth":130,"text":15593,"children":17500},[17501],{"id":15744,"depth":137,"text":15745},{"id":9734,"depth":130,"text":9735,"children":17503},[17504],{"id":15923,"depth":137,"text":15924},{"id":16036,"depth":130,"text":17506,"children":17507},"Create a dictionary with dict()",[17508],{"id":16163,"depth":137,"text":17509},"Important rule for dict()",{"id":9776,"depth":130,"text":9777},{"id":16517,"depth":130,"text":16518,"children":17512},[17513,17514,17515],{"id":16538,"depth":137,"text":16539},{"id":16640,"depth":137,"text":16641},{"id":16722,"depth":137,"text":16723},{"id":16808,"depth":130,"text":16809},{"id":3185,"depth":130,"text":3186,"children":17518},[17519,17520,17521],{"id":16968,"depth":137,"text":16969},{"id":17026,"depth":137,"text":17027},{"id":17090,"depth":137,"text":17091},{"id":17166,"depth":130,"text":17167},{"id":2159,"depth":130,"text":2160,"children":17524},[17525,17526,17527,17528,17529],{"id":17412,"depth":137,"text":17413},{"id":17423,"depth":137,"text":17424},{"id":17433,"depth":137,"text":17434},{"id":17440,"depth":137,"text":17441},{"id":17447,"depth":137,"text":17530},"What is the difference between {} and dict()?",{"id":2231,"depth":130,"text":2232},"Master python dictionary creating a dictionary in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":15332,"description":17532},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary","O7TVqwZDB3TCnmmRLHQ65qMF8VSifRb5cK3N-83y3Fg",{"id":17538,"title":17539,"body":17540,"description":19991,"extension":2319,"meta":19992,"navigation":133,"path":19993,"seo":19994,"stem":19995,"__hash__":19996},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method.md","Python Dictionary fromkeys() Method",{"type":7,"value":17541,"toc":19947},[17542,17548,17554,17557,17560,17562,17644,17650,17655,17659,17677,17689,17694,17698,17721,17725,17737,17745,17749,17755,17757,17760,17835,17837,17882,17884,17901,17906,17912,17917,17991,17993,18038,18041,18052,18054,18173,18175,18228,18235,18239,18242,18259,18265,18269,18367,18369,18421,18428,18432,18438,18441,18444,18471,18476,18480,18483,18587,18589,18634,18637,18640,18645,18650,18661,18663,18724,18784,18790,18798,18804,18809,18814,18874,18878,18945,18948,18952,19023,19026,19039,19046,19048,19052,19056,19127,19129,19166,19169,19172,19235,19242,19245,19287,19297,19300,19369,19375,19380,19464,19466,19515,19522,19528,19573,19575,19608,19613,19617,19623,19662,19706,19774,19817,19819,19825,19828,19832,19837,19841,19844,19848,19850,19911,19913,19939,19944],[10,17543,11647,17545,11651],{"id":17544},"python-dictionary-fromkeys-method",[15,17546,17547],{},"fromkeys()",[24,17549,17550,17553],{},[15,17551,17552],{},"dict.fromkeys()"," creates a new dictionary from a group of keys.",[24,17555,17556],{},"It is useful when you already know the keys you want, and every key should start with the same value.",[24,17558,17559],{},"One important beginner mistake to watch for is using a mutable value like a list or dictionary. In that case, all keys share the same object.",[80,17561,2361],{"id":2360},[85,17563,17565],{"className":87,"code":17564,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nperson = dict.fromkeys(keys, \"unknown\")\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[15,17566,17567,17600,17628,17639],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,17568,17569,17572,17574,17576,17578,17580,17582,17584,17586,17588,17590,17592,17594,17596,17598],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,17570,17571],{"class":100},"keys ",[94,17573,105],{"class":104},[94,17575,109],{"class":108},[94,17577,332],{"class":331},[94,17579,8001],{"class":335},[94,17581,332],{"class":331},[94,17583,116],{"class":108},[94,17585,1040],{"class":331},[94,17587,9631],{"class":335},[94,17589,332],{"class":331},[94,17591,116],{"class":108},[94,17593,1040],{"class":331},[94,17595,10741],{"class":335},[94,17597,332],{"class":331},[94,17599,127],{"class":108},[94,17601,17602,17604,17606,17608,17610,17613,17615,17617,17619,17621,17624,17626],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,17603,13531],{"class":100},[94,17605,105],{"class":104},[94,17607,9504],{"class":913},[94,17609,168],{"class":108},[94,17611,17612],{"class":152},"fromkeys",[94,17614,149],{"class":108},[94,17616,17252],{"class":152},[94,17618,116],{"class":108},[94,17620,1040],{"class":331},[94,17622,17623],{"class":335},"unknown",[94,17625,332],{"class":331},[94,17627,316],{"class":108},[94,17629,17630,17632,17634,17637],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,17631,326],{"class":145},[94,17633,149],{"class":108},[94,17635,17636],{"class":152},"person",[94,17638,316],{"class":108},[94,17640,17641],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,17642,17643],{"class":159},"# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[24,17645,54,17646,17649],{},[15,17647,17648],{},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)"," to create a new dictionary where each key starts with the same value.",[80,17651,215,17653,218],{"id":17652},"what-dictfromkeys-does",[15,17654,17552],{},[24,17656,17657,384],{},[15,17658,17552],{},[28,17660,17661,17664,17667,17670],{},[31,17662,17663],{},"Creates a new dictionary from a sequence of keys",[31,17665,17666],{},"Assigns the same value to every key",[31,17668,17669],{},"Returns a new dictionary",[31,17671,17672,17673,17676],{},"Is called as ",[15,17674,17675],{},"dict.fromkeys(...)",", not on an existing dictionary",[24,17678,17679,17680,17682,17683,17685,17686,168],{},"This is a class method on ",[15,17681,9154],{},", so you write ",[15,17684,17675],{}," instead of something like ",[15,17687,17688],{},"my_dict.fromkeys(...)",[24,17690,17691,17692,168],{},"If you need a refresher on dictionaries first, see ",[434,17693,9489],{"href":13349},[80,17695,17697],{"id":17696},"syntax-and-parameters","Syntax and parameters",[85,17699,17701],{"className":87,"code":17700,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)\n",[15,17702,17703],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,17704,17705,17707,17709,17711,17713,17715,17717,17719],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,17706,9154],{"class":913},[94,17708,168],{"class":108},[94,17710,17612],{"class":152},[94,17712,149],{"class":108},[94,17714,4065],{"class":152},[94,17716,116],{"class":108},[94,17718,8766],{"class":152},[94,17720,316],{"class":108},[265,17722,17724],{"id":17723},"parameters","Parameters",[28,17726,17727,17732],{},[31,17728,17729,17731],{},[15,17730,4065],{},": the keys to use",[31,17733,17734,17736],{},[15,17735,2829],{},": optional starting value for every key",[24,17738,17739,17740,17742,17743,168],{},"If you leave out ",[15,17741,2829],{},", each key gets ",[15,17744,77],{},[265,17746,17748],{"id":17747},"return-value","Return value",[24,17750,17751,17752,168],{},"It returns a ",[43,17753,17754],{},"new dictionary",[80,17756,6118],{"id":6117},[24,17758,17759],{},"Here is a simple example using a list of strings as keys:",[85,17761,17763],{"className":87,"code":17762,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"keys = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,17764,17765,17798,17820,17824],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,17766,17767,17769,17771,17773,17775,17777,17779,17781,17783,17786,17788,17790,17792,17794,17796],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,17768,17571],{"class":100},[94,17770,105],{"class":104},[94,17772,109],{"class":108},[94,17774,332],{"class":331},[94,17776,13419],{"class":335},[94,17778,332],{"class":331},[94,17780,116],{"class":108},[94,17782,1040],{"class":331},[94,17784,17785],{"class":335},"green",[94,17787,332],{"class":331},[94,17789,116],{"class":108},[94,17791,1040],{"class":331},[94,17793,13436],{"class":335},[94,17795,332],{"class":331},[94,17797,127],{"class":108},[94,17799,17800,17802,17804,17806,17808,17810,17812,17814,17816,17818],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,17801,13402],{"class":100},[94,17803,105],{"class":104},[94,17805,9504],{"class":913},[94,17807,168],{"class":108},[94,17809,17612],{"class":152},[94,17811,149],{"class":108},[94,17813,17252],{"class":152},[94,17815,116],{"class":108},[94,17817,4178],{"class":112},[94,17819,316],{"class":108},[94,17821,17822],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,17823,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,17825,17826,17828,17830,17833],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,17827,326],{"class":145},[94,17829,149],{"class":108},[94,17831,17832],{"class":152},"colors",[94,17834,316],{"class":108},[24,17836,371],{},[85,17838,17840],{"className":87,"code":17839,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"{'red': 0, 'green': 0, 'blue': 0}\n",[15,17841,17842],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,17843,17844,17846,17848,17850,17852,17854,17856,17858,17860,17862,17864,17866,17868,17870,17872,17874,17876,17878,17880],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,17845,9610],{"class":108},[94,17847,968],{"class":331},[94,17849,13419],{"class":335},[94,17851,968],{"class":331},[94,17853,384],{"class":108},[94,17855,4178],{"class":112},[94,17857,116],{"class":108},[94,17859,962],{"class":331},[94,17861,17785],{"class":335},[94,17863,968],{"class":331},[94,17865,384],{"class":108},[94,17867,4178],{"class":112},[94,17869,116],{"class":108},[94,17871,962],{"class":331},[94,17873,13436],{"class":335},[94,17875,968],{"class":331},[94,17877,384],{"class":108},[94,17879,4178],{"class":112},[94,17881,9641],{"class":108},[24,17883,12014],{},[28,17885,17886,17891,17896],{},[31,17887,17888,17890],{},[15,17889,17252],{}," contains the dictionary keys",[31,17892,17893,17895],{},[15,17894,2476],{}," is used as the starting value for every key",[31,17897,17898,17900],{},[15,17899,17552],{}," returns the new dictionary",[24,17902,17903,17904,168],{},"If you want to learn more ways to create dictionaries, see ",[434,17905,9724],{"href":13352},[80,17907,1484,17909,17911],{"id":17908},"using-fromkeys-without-a-value",[15,17910,17547],{}," without a value",[24,17913,17914,17915,168],{},"If you do not pass the second argument, the default value is ",[15,17916,77],{},[85,17918,17920],{"className":87,"code":17919,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,17921,17922,17956,17976,17980],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,17923,17924,17927,17929,17931,17933,17935,17937,17939,17941,17943,17945,17947,17949,17952,17954],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,17925,17926],{"class":100},"fields ",[94,17928,105],{"class":104},[94,17930,109],{"class":108},[94,17932,332],{"class":331},[94,17934,8320],{"class":335},[94,17936,332],{"class":331},[94,17938,116],{"class":108},[94,17940,1040],{"class":331},[94,17942,15586],{"class":335},[94,17944,332],{"class":331},[94,17946,116],{"class":108},[94,17948,1040],{"class":331},[94,17950,17951],{"class":335},"password",[94,17953,332],{"class":331},[94,17955,127],{"class":108},[94,17957,17958,17961,17963,17965,17967,17969,17971,17974],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,17959,17960],{"class":100},"user_data ",[94,17962,105],{"class":104},[94,17964,9504],{"class":913},[94,17966,168],{"class":108},[94,17968,17612],{"class":152},[94,17970,149],{"class":108},[94,17972,17973],{"class":152},"fields",[94,17975,316],{"class":108},[94,17977,17978],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,17979,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,17981,17982,17984,17986,17989],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,17983,326],{"class":145},[94,17985,149],{"class":108},[94,17987,17988],{"class":152},"user_data",[94,17990,316],{"class":108},[24,17992,371],{},[85,17994,17996],{"className":87,"code":17995,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"{'username': None, 'email': None, 'password': None}\n",[15,17997,17998],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,17999,18000,18002,18004,18006,18008,18010,18012,18014,18016,18018,18020,18022,18024,18026,18028,18030,18032,18034,18036],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,18001,9610],{"class":108},[94,18003,968],{"class":331},[94,18005,8320],{"class":335},[94,18007,968],{"class":331},[94,18009,384],{"class":108},[94,18011,4197],{"class":1224},[94,18013,116],{"class":108},[94,18015,962],{"class":331},[94,18017,15586],{"class":335},[94,18019,968],{"class":331},[94,18021,384],{"class":108},[94,18023,4197],{"class":1224},[94,18025,116],{"class":108},[94,18027,962],{"class":331},[94,18029,17951],{"class":335},[94,18031,968],{"class":331},[94,18033,384],{"class":108},[94,18035,4197],{"class":1224},[94,18037,9641],{"class":108},[24,18039,18040],{},"This is useful when:",[28,18042,18043,18046,18049],{},[31,18044,18045],{},"You want to create the keys first",[31,18047,18048],{},"You plan to fill in the real values later",[31,18050,18051],{},"You need placeholder values during setup",[24,18053,2566],{},[85,18055,18057],{"className":87,"code":18056,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nuser_data[\"username\"] = \"alice\"\nuser_data[\"email\"] = \"alice@example.com\"\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,18058,18059,18091,18109,18113,18136,18159,18163],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,18060,18061,18063,18065,18067,18069,18071,18073,18075,18077,18079,18081,18083,18085,18087,18089],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,18062,17926],{"class":100},[94,18064,105],{"class":104},[94,18066,109],{"class":108},[94,18068,332],{"class":331},[94,18070,8320],{"class":335},[94,18072,332],{"class":331},[94,18074,116],{"class":108},[94,18076,1040],{"class":331},[94,18078,15586],{"class":335},[94,18080,332],{"class":331},[94,18082,116],{"class":108},[94,18084,1040],{"class":331},[94,18086,17951],{"class":335},[94,18088,332],{"class":331},[94,18090,127],{"class":108},[94,18092,18093,18095,18097,18099,18101,18103,18105,18107],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,18094,17960],{"class":100},[94,18096,105],{"class":104},[94,18098,9504],{"class":913},[94,18100,168],{"class":108},[94,18102,17612],{"class":152},[94,18104,149],{"class":108},[94,18106,17973],{"class":152},[94,18108,316],{"class":108},[94,18110,18111],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,18112,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,18114,18115,18117,18119,18121,18123,18125,18127,18129,18131,18134],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,18116,17988],{"class":100},[94,18118,539],{"class":108},[94,18120,332],{"class":331},[94,18122,8320],{"class":335},[94,18124,332],{"class":331},[94,18126,13600],{"class":108},[94,18128,13603],{"class":104},[94,18130,1040],{"class":331},[94,18132,18133],{"class":335},"alice",[94,18135,1812],{"class":331},[94,18137,18138,18140,18142,18144,18146,18148,18150,18152,18154,18157],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,18139,17988],{"class":100},[94,18141,539],{"class":108},[94,18143,332],{"class":331},[94,18145,15586],{"class":335},[94,18147,332],{"class":331},[94,18149,13600],{"class":108},[94,18151,13603],{"class":104},[94,18153,1040],{"class":331},[94,18155,18156],{"class":335},"alice@example.com",[94,18158,1812],{"class":331},[94,18160,18161],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,18162,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,18164,18165,18167,18169,18171],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,18166,326],{"class":145},[94,18168,149],{"class":108},[94,18170,17988],{"class":152},[94,18172,316],{"class":108},[24,18174,371],{},[85,18176,18178],{"className":87,"code":18177,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"{'username': 'alice', 'email': 'alice@example.com', 'password': None}\n",[15,18179,18180],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,18181,18182,18184,18186,18188,18190,18192,18194,18196,18198,18200,18202,18204,18206,18208,18210,18212,18214,18216,18218,18220,18222,18224,18226],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,18183,9610],{"class":108},[94,18185,968],{"class":331},[94,18187,8320],{"class":335},[94,18189,968],{"class":331},[94,18191,384],{"class":108},[94,18193,962],{"class":331},[94,18195,18133],{"class":335},[94,18197,968],{"class":331},[94,18199,116],{"class":108},[94,18201,962],{"class":331},[94,18203,15586],{"class":335},[94,18205,968],{"class":331},[94,18207,384],{"class":108},[94,18209,962],{"class":331},[94,18211,18156],{"class":335},[94,18213,968],{"class":331},[94,18215,116],{"class":108},[94,18217,962],{"class":331},[94,18219,17951],{"class":335},[94,18221,968],{"class":331},[94,18223,384],{"class":108},[94,18225,4197],{"class":1224},[94,18227,9641],{"class":108},[24,18229,18230,18231,168],{},"If you want to add or change keys later, see ",[434,18232,18234],{"href":18233},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python","how to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[80,18236,18238],{"id":18237},"important-warning-about-mutable-values","Important warning about mutable values",[24,18240,18241],{},"Be careful when using a mutable value such as:",[28,18243,18244,18249,18254],{},[31,18245,18246,18248],{},[15,18247,4131],{}," (list)",[31,18250,18251,18253],{},[15,18252,4136],{}," (dictionary)",[31,18255,18256,18258],{},[15,18257,4141],{}," (set)",[24,18260,18261,18262,168],{},"All keys will point to the ",[43,18263,18264],{},"same object",[265,18266,18268],{"id":18267},"example-of-the-problem","Example of the problem",[85,18270,18272],{"className":87,"code":18271,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = dict.fromkeys(keys, [])\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,18273,18274,18306,18327,18331,18353,18357],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,18275,18276,18278,18280,18282,18284,18286,18288,18290,18292,18294,18296,18298,18300,18302,18304],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,18277,17571],{"class":100},[94,18279,105],{"class":104},[94,18281,109],{"class":108},[94,18283,332],{"class":331},[94,18285,434],{"class":335},[94,18287,332],{"class":331},[94,18289,116],{"class":108},[94,18291,1040],{"class":331},[94,18293,1937],{"class":335},[94,18295,332],{"class":331},[94,18297,116],{"class":108},[94,18299,1040],{"class":331},[94,18301,1946],{"class":335},[94,18303,332],{"class":331},[94,18305,127],{"class":108},[94,18307,18308,18310,18312,18314,18316,18318,18320,18322,18324],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,18309,9499],{"class":100},[94,18311,105],{"class":104},[94,18313,9504],{"class":913},[94,18315,168],{"class":108},[94,18317,17612],{"class":152},[94,18319,149],{"class":108},[94,18321,17252],{"class":152},[94,18323,116],{"class":108},[94,18325,18326],{"class":108}," [])\n",[94,18328,18329],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,18330,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,18332,18333,18335,18337,18339,18341,18343,18345,18347,18349,18351],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,18334,9537],{"class":100},[94,18336,539],{"class":108},[94,18338,332],{"class":331},[94,18340,434],{"class":335},[94,18342,332],{"class":331},[94,18344,13877],{"class":108},[94,18346,13880],{"class":152},[94,18348,149],{"class":108},[94,18350,412],{"class":112},[94,18352,316],{"class":108},[94,18354,18355],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,18356,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,18358,18359,18361,18363,18365],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,18360,326],{"class":145},[94,18362,149],{"class":108},[94,18364,9537],{"class":152},[94,18366,316],{"class":108},[24,18368,371],{},[85,18370,18372],{"className":87,"code":18371,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1], 'c': [1]}\n",[15,18373,18374],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,18375,18376,18378,18380,18382,18384,18386,18388,18390,18393,18395,18397,18399,18401,18403,18405,18407,18409,18411,18413,18415,18417,18419],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,18377,9610],{"class":108},[94,18379,968],{"class":331},[94,18381,434],{"class":335},[94,18383,968],{"class":331},[94,18385,384],{"class":108},[94,18387,109],{"class":108},[94,18389,412],{"class":112},[94,18391,18392],{"class":108},"],",[94,18394,962],{"class":331},[94,18396,1937],{"class":335},[94,18398,968],{"class":331},[94,18400,384],{"class":108},[94,18402,109],{"class":108},[94,18404,412],{"class":112},[94,18406,18392],{"class":108},[94,18408,962],{"class":331},[94,18410,1946],{"class":335},[94,18412,968],{"class":331},[94,18414,384],{"class":108},[94,18416,109],{"class":108},[94,18418,412],{"class":112},[94,18420,14033],{"class":108},[24,18422,18423,18424,18427],{},"Many beginners expect only ",[15,18425,18426],{},"\"a\""," to change, but all keys change because they share the same list.",[265,18429,18431],{"id":18430},"why-this-happens","Why this happens",[24,18433,18434,18437],{},[15,18435,18436],{},"dict.fromkeys(keys, [])"," creates one list object.",[24,18439,18440],{},"That same list is then used for every key.",[24,18442,18443],{},"So this:",[85,18445,18447],{"className":87,"code":18446,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"data[\"a\"].append(1)\n",[15,18448,18449],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,18450,18451,18453,18455,18457,18459,18461,18463,18465,18467,18469],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,18452,9537],{"class":100},[94,18454,539],{"class":108},[94,18456,332],{"class":331},[94,18458,434],{"class":335},[94,18460,332],{"class":331},[94,18462,13877],{"class":108},[94,18464,13880],{"class":152},[94,18466,149],{"class":108},[94,18468,412],{"class":112},[94,18470,316],{"class":108},[24,18472,18473,18474,168],{},"changes the shared list, not a separate list just for key ",[15,18475,18426],{},[265,18477,18479],{"id":18478},"the-better-way-when-each-key-needs-its-own-list","The better way when each key needs its own list",[24,18481,18482],{},"Use a dictionary comprehension:",[85,18484,18486],{"className":87,"code":18485,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,18487,18488,18520,18547,18551,18573,18577],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,18489,18490,18492,18494,18496,18498,18500,18502,18504,18506,18508,18510,18512,18514,18516,18518],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,18491,17571],{"class":100},[94,18493,105],{"class":104},[94,18495,109],{"class":108},[94,18497,332],{"class":331},[94,18499,434],{"class":335},[94,18501,332],{"class":331},[94,18503,116],{"class":108},[94,18505,1040],{"class":331},[94,18507,1937],{"class":335},[94,18509,332],{"class":331},[94,18511,116],{"class":108},[94,18513,1040],{"class":331},[94,18515,1946],{"class":335},[94,18517,332],{"class":331},[94,18519,127],{"class":108},[94,18521,18522,18524,18526,18528,18530,18532,18535,18537,18540,18542,18545],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,18523,9499],{"class":100},[94,18525,105],{"class":104},[94,18527,10823],{"class":108},[94,18529,1142],{"class":100},[94,18531,384],{"class":108},[94,18533,18534],{"class":108}," []",[94,18536,4222],{"class":4221},[94,18538,18539],{"class":100}," key ",[94,18541,4228],{"class":4221},[94,18543,18544],{"class":100}," keys",[94,18546,9641],{"class":108},[94,18548,18549],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,18550,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,18552,18553,18555,18557,18559,18561,18563,18565,18567,18569,18571],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,18554,9537],{"class":100},[94,18556,539],{"class":108},[94,18558,332],{"class":331},[94,18560,434],{"class":335},[94,18562,332],{"class":331},[94,18564,13877],{"class":108},[94,18566,13880],{"class":152},[94,18568,149],{"class":108},[94,18570,412],{"class":112},[94,18572,316],{"class":108},[94,18574,18575],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,18576,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,18578,18579,18581,18583,18585],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,18580,326],{"class":145},[94,18582,149],{"class":108},[94,18584,9537],{"class":152},[94,18586,316],{"class":108},[24,18588,371],{},[85,18590,18592],{"className":87,"code":18591,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"{'a': [1], 'b': [], 'c': []}\n",[15,18593,18594],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,18595,18596,18598,18600,18602,18604,18606,18608,18610,18612,18614,18616,18618,18620,18623,18625,18627,18629,18631],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,18597,9610],{"class":108},[94,18599,968],{"class":331},[94,18601,434],{"class":335},[94,18603,968],{"class":331},[94,18605,384],{"class":108},[94,18607,109],{"class":108},[94,18609,412],{"class":112},[94,18611,18392],{"class":108},[94,18613,962],{"class":331},[94,18615,1937],{"class":335},[94,18617,968],{"class":331},[94,18619,384],{"class":108},[94,18621,18622],{"class":108}," [],",[94,18624,962],{"class":331},[94,18626,1946],{"class":335},[94,18628,968],{"class":331},[94,18630,384],{"class":108},[94,18632,18633],{"class":108}," []}\n",[24,18635,18636],{},"Now each key has its own separate list.",[24,18638,18639],{},"This same rule applies if you want each key to have its own dictionary or set.",[80,18641,815,18643],{"id":18642},"when-to-use-fromkeys",[15,18644,17547],{},[24,18646,18647,18649],{},[15,18648,17552],{}," is a good choice when:",[28,18651,18652,18655,18658],{},[31,18653,18654],{},"You want to quickly create a dictionary with known keys",[31,18656,18657],{},"Every key should start with the same simple value",[31,18659,18660],{},"You need default flags, counters, or placeholders",[24,18662,2482],{},[85,18664,18666],{"className":87,"code":18665,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"flags = dict.fromkeys([\"is_admin\", \"is_active\", \"is_verified\"], False)\nprint(flags)\n",[15,18667,18668,18713],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,18669,18670,18673,18675,18677,18679,18681,18683,18685,18688,18690,18692,18694,18696,18698,18700,18702,18705,18707,18709,18711],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,18671,18672],{"class":100},"flags ",[94,18674,105],{"class":104},[94,18676,9504],{"class":913},[94,18678,168],{"class":108},[94,18680,17612],{"class":152},[94,18682,3342],{"class":108},[94,18684,332],{"class":331},[94,18686,18687],{"class":335},"is_admin",[94,18689,332],{"class":331},[94,18691,116],{"class":108},[94,18693,1040],{"class":331},[94,18695,15406],{"class":335},[94,18697,332],{"class":331},[94,18699,116],{"class":108},[94,18701,1040],{"class":331},[94,18703,18704],{"class":335},"is_verified",[94,18706,332],{"class":331},[94,18708,18392],{"class":108},[94,18710,4252],{"class":1224},[94,18712,316],{"class":108},[94,18714,18715,18717,18719,18722],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,18716,326],{"class":145},[94,18718,149],{"class":108},[94,18720,18721],{"class":152},"flags",[94,18723,316],{"class":108},[85,18725,18727],{"className":87,"code":18726,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"scores = dict.fromkeys([\"math\", \"science\", \"history\"], 0)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,18728,18729,18774],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,18730,18731,18733,18735,18737,18739,18741,18743,18745,18748,18750,18752,18754,18757,18759,18761,18763,18766,18768,18770,18772],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,18732,5401],{"class":100},[94,18734,105],{"class":104},[94,18736,9504],{"class":913},[94,18738,168],{"class":108},[94,18740,17612],{"class":152},[94,18742,3342],{"class":108},[94,18744,332],{"class":331},[94,18746,18747],{"class":335},"math",[94,18749,332],{"class":331},[94,18751,116],{"class":108},[94,18753,1040],{"class":331},[94,18755,18756],{"class":335},"science",[94,18758,332],{"class":331},[94,18760,116],{"class":108},[94,18762,1040],{"class":331},[94,18764,18765],{"class":335},"history",[94,18767,332],{"class":331},[94,18769,18392],{"class":108},[94,18771,4178],{"class":112},[94,18773,316],{"class":108},[94,18775,18776,18778,18780,18782],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,18777,326],{"class":145},[94,18779,149],{"class":108},[94,18781,16717],{"class":152},[94,18783,316],{"class":108},[24,18785,18786,18787,18789],{},"It is ",[43,18788,45],{}," the best choice when:",[28,18791,18792,18795],{},[31,18793,18794],{},"Each key needs a different starting value",[31,18796,18797],{},"Each key needs its own new list or dictionary",[80,18799,18801,18803],{"id":18800},"fromkeys-vs-creating-a-dictionary-manually",[15,18802,17547],{}," vs creating a dictionary manually",[24,18805,18806,18808],{},[15,18807,17547],{}," is shorter when all keys share the same value.",[265,18810,1484,18812],{"id":18811},"using-fromkeys",[15,18813,17547],{},[85,18815,18817],{"className":87,"code":18816,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"settings = dict.fromkeys([\"sound\", \"music\", \"notifications\"], True)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,18818,18819,18864],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,18820,18821,18823,18825,18827,18829,18831,18833,18835,18838,18840,18842,18844,18847,18849,18851,18853,18856,18858,18860,18862],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,18822,14153],{"class":100},[94,18824,105],{"class":104},[94,18826,9504],{"class":913},[94,18828,168],{"class":108},[94,18830,17612],{"class":152},[94,18832,3342],{"class":108},[94,18834,332],{"class":331},[94,18836,18837],{"class":335},"sound",[94,18839,332],{"class":331},[94,18841,116],{"class":108},[94,18843,1040],{"class":331},[94,18845,18846],{"class":335},"music",[94,18848,332],{"class":331},[94,18850,116],{"class":108},[94,18852,1040],{"class":331},[94,18854,18855],{"class":335},"notifications",[94,18857,332],{"class":331},[94,18859,18392],{"class":108},[94,18861,4261],{"class":1224},[94,18863,316],{"class":108},[94,18865,18866,18868,18870,18872],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,18867,326],{"class":145},[94,18869,149],{"class":108},[94,18871,14212],{"class":152},[94,18873,316],{"class":108},[265,18875,18877],{"id":18876},"creating-a-dictionary-manually","Creating a dictionary manually",[85,18879,18881],{"className":87,"code":18880,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"settings = {\n    \"sound\": True,\n    \"music\": False,\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\nprint(settings)\n",[15,18882,18883,18891,18905,18919,18931,18935],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,18884,18885,18887,18889],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,18886,14153],{"class":100},[94,18888,105],{"class":104},[94,18890,11823],{"class":108},[94,18892,18893,18895,18897,18899,18901,18903],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,18894,11828],{"class":331},[94,18896,18837],{"class":335},[94,18898,332],{"class":331},[94,18900,384],{"class":108},[94,18902,4261],{"class":1224},[94,18904,11844],{"class":108},[94,18906,18907,18909,18911,18913,18915,18917],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,18908,11828],{"class":331},[94,18910,18846],{"class":335},[94,18912,332],{"class":331},[94,18914,384],{"class":108},[94,18916,4252],{"class":1224},[94,18918,11844],{"class":108},[94,18920,18921,18923,18925,18927,18929],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,18922,11828],{"class":331},[94,18924,18855],{"class":335},[94,18926,332],{"class":331},[94,18928,384],{"class":108},[94,18930,6755],{"class":1224},[94,18932,18933],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,18934,9641],{"class":108},[94,18936,18937,18939,18941,18943],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,18938,326],{"class":145},[94,18940,149],{"class":108},[94,18942,14212],{"class":152},[94,18944,316],{"class":108},[24,18946,18947],{},"Manual creation is clearer when the values are different.",[265,18949,18951],{"id":18950},"using-a-comprehension-for-separate-mutable-values","Using a comprehension for separate mutable values",[85,18953,18955],{"className":87,"code":18954,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(data)\n",[15,18956,18957,18989,19013],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,18958,18959,18961,18963,18965,18967,18969,18971,18973,18975,18977,18979,18981,18983,18985,18987],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,18960,17571],{"class":100},[94,18962,105],{"class":104},[94,18964,109],{"class":108},[94,18966,332],{"class":331},[94,18968,434],{"class":335},[94,18970,332],{"class":331},[94,18972,116],{"class":108},[94,18974,1040],{"class":331},[94,18976,1937],{"class":335},[94,18978,332],{"class":331},[94,18980,116],{"class":108},[94,18982,1040],{"class":331},[94,18984,1946],{"class":335},[94,18986,332],{"class":331},[94,18988,127],{"class":108},[94,18990,18991,18993,18995,18997,18999,19001,19003,19005,19007,19009,19011],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,18992,9499],{"class":100},[94,18994,105],{"class":104},[94,18996,10823],{"class":108},[94,18998,1142],{"class":100},[94,19000,384],{"class":108},[94,19002,18534],{"class":108},[94,19004,4222],{"class":4221},[94,19006,18539],{"class":100},[94,19008,4228],{"class":4221},[94,19010,18544],{"class":100},[94,19012,9641],{"class":108},[94,19014,19015,19017,19019,19021],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,19016,326],{"class":145},[94,19018,149],{"class":108},[94,19020,9537],{"class":152},[94,19022,316],{"class":108},[24,19024,19025],{},"Use:",[28,19027,19028,19033,19036],{},[31,19029,19030,19032],{},[15,19031,17547],{}," when one shared simple default makes sense",[31,19034,19035],{},"Manual dictionary creation when values differ",[31,19037,19038],{},"A comprehension when each key needs its own new list or dict",[24,19040,19041,19042,168],{},"If you later want to change several values at once, you may also want to learn the ",[434,19043,11066,19044,567],{"href":14360},[15,19045,15281],{},[80,19047,3186],{"id":3185},[24,19049,15061,19050,168],{},[15,19051,17552],{},[265,19053,19055],{"id":19054},"using-a-mutable-default-value-by-mistake","Using a mutable default value by mistake",[85,19057,19059],{"className":87,"code":19058,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], [])\nd[\"a\"].append(1)\nprint(d)\n",[15,19060,19061,19094,19117],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,19062,19063,19066,19068,19070,19072,19074,19076,19078,19080,19082,19084,19086,19088,19090,19092],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,19064,19065],{"class":100},"d ",[94,19067,105],{"class":104},[94,19069,9504],{"class":913},[94,19071,168],{"class":108},[94,19073,17612],{"class":152},[94,19075,3342],{"class":108},[94,19077,332],{"class":331},[94,19079,434],{"class":335},[94,19081,332],{"class":331},[94,19083,116],{"class":108},[94,19085,1040],{"class":331},[94,19087,1937],{"class":335},[94,19089,332],{"class":331},[94,19091,18392],{"class":108},[94,19093,18326],{"class":108},[94,19095,19096,19099,19101,19103,19105,19107,19109,19111,19113,19115],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,19097,19098],{"class":100},"d",[94,19100,539],{"class":108},[94,19102,332],{"class":331},[94,19104,434],{"class":335},[94,19106,332],{"class":331},[94,19108,13877],{"class":108},[94,19110,13880],{"class":152},[94,19112,149],{"class":108},[94,19114,412],{"class":112},[94,19116,316],{"class":108},[94,19118,19119,19121,19123,19125],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,19120,326],{"class":145},[94,19122,149],{"class":108},[94,19124,19098],{"class":152},[94,19126,316],{"class":108},[24,19128,371],{},[85,19130,19132],{"className":87,"code":19131,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1]}\n",[15,19133,19134],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,19135,19136,19138,19140,19142,19144,19146,19148,19150,19152,19154,19156,19158,19160,19162,19164],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,19137,9610],{"class":108},[94,19139,968],{"class":331},[94,19141,434],{"class":335},[94,19143,968],{"class":331},[94,19145,384],{"class":108},[94,19147,109],{"class":108},[94,19149,412],{"class":112},[94,19151,18392],{"class":108},[94,19153,962],{"class":331},[94,19155,1937],{"class":335},[94,19157,968],{"class":331},[94,19159,384],{"class":108},[94,19161,109],{"class":108},[94,19163,412],{"class":112},[94,19165,14033],{"class":108},[24,19167,19168],{},"This happens because both keys share the same list.",[24,19170,19171],{},"Use this instead:",[85,19173,19175],{"className":87,"code":19174,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\"]\nd = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(d)\n",[15,19176,19177,19201,19225],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,19178,19179,19181,19183,19185,19187,19189,19191,19193,19195,19197,19199],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,19180,17571],{"class":100},[94,19182,105],{"class":104},[94,19184,109],{"class":108},[94,19186,332],{"class":331},[94,19188,434],{"class":335},[94,19190,332],{"class":331},[94,19192,116],{"class":108},[94,19194,1040],{"class":331},[94,19196,1937],{"class":335},[94,19198,332],{"class":331},[94,19200,127],{"class":108},[94,19202,19203,19205,19207,19209,19211,19213,19215,19217,19219,19221,19223],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,19204,19065],{"class":100},[94,19206,105],{"class":104},[94,19208,10823],{"class":108},[94,19210,1142],{"class":100},[94,19212,384],{"class":108},[94,19214,18534],{"class":108},[94,19216,4222],{"class":4221},[94,19218,18539],{"class":100},[94,19220,4228],{"class":4221},[94,19222,18544],{"class":100},[94,19224,9641],{"class":108},[94,19226,19227,19229,19231,19233],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,19228,326],{"class":145},[94,19230,149],{"class":108},[94,19232,19098],{"class":152},[94,19234,316],{"class":108},[265,19236,19238,19239,19241],{"id":19237},"trying-to-call-fromkeys-on-a-list","Trying to call ",[15,19240,17547],{}," on a list",[24,19243,19244],{},"Wrong idea:",[85,19246,19248],{"className":87,"code":19247,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[15,19249,19250,19282],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,19251,19252,19254,19256,19258,19260,19262,19264,19266,19268,19270,19272,19274,19276,19278,19280],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,19253,17571],{"class":100},[94,19255,105],{"class":104},[94,19257,109],{"class":108},[94,19259,332],{"class":331},[94,19261,434],{"class":335},[94,19263,332],{"class":331},[94,19265,116],{"class":108},[94,19267,1040],{"class":331},[94,19269,1937],{"class":335},[94,19271,332],{"class":331},[94,19273,116],{"class":108},[94,19275,1040],{"class":331},[94,19277,1946],{"class":335},[94,19279,332],{"class":331},[94,19281,127],{"class":108},[94,19283,19284],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,19285,19286],{"class":159},"# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[24,19288,19289,19291,19292,19294,19295,168],{},[15,19290,17547],{}," belongs to ",[15,19293,9154],{},", not ",[15,19296,965],{},[24,19298,19299],{},"Correct usage:",[85,19301,19303],{"className":87,"code":19302,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nd = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\nprint(d)\n",[15,19304,19305,19337,19359],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,19306,19307,19309,19311,19313,19315,19317,19319,19321,19323,19325,19327,19329,19331,19333,19335],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,19308,17571],{"class":100},[94,19310,105],{"class":104},[94,19312,109],{"class":108},[94,19314,332],{"class":331},[94,19316,434],{"class":335},[94,19318,332],{"class":331},[94,19320,116],{"class":108},[94,19322,1040],{"class":331},[94,19324,1937],{"class":335},[94,19326,332],{"class":331},[94,19328,116],{"class":108},[94,19330,1040],{"class":331},[94,19332,1946],{"class":335},[94,19334,332],{"class":331},[94,19336,127],{"class":108},[94,19338,19339,19341,19343,19345,19347,19349,19351,19353,19355,19357],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,19340,19065],{"class":100},[94,19342,105],{"class":104},[94,19344,9504],{"class":913},[94,19346,168],{"class":108},[94,19348,17612],{"class":152},[94,19350,149],{"class":108},[94,19352,17252],{"class":152},[94,19354,116],{"class":108},[94,19356,4178],{"class":112},[94,19358,316],{"class":108},[94,19360,19361,19363,19365,19367],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,19362,326],{"class":145},[94,19364,149],{"class":108},[94,19366,19098],{"class":152},[94,19368,316],{"class":108},[265,19370,8786,19372,19374],{"id":19371},"expecting-fromkeys-to-update-an-existing-dictionary",[15,19373,17547],{}," to update an existing dictionary",[24,19376,19377,19379],{},[15,19378,17552],{}," does not change an existing dictionary. It creates a new one.",[85,19381,19383],{"className":87,"code":19382,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"original = {\"x\": 1}\nnew_dict = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(new_dict)\n",[15,19384,19385,19405,19439,19443,19453],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,19386,19387,19389,19391,19393,19395,19397,19399,19401,19403],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,19388,12413],{"class":100},[94,19390,105],{"class":104},[94,19392,10823],{"class":108},[94,19394,332],{"class":331},[94,19396,2531],{"class":335},[94,19398,332],{"class":331},[94,19400,384],{"class":108},[94,19402,119],{"class":112},[94,19404,9641],{"class":108},[94,19406,19407,19409,19411,19413,19415,19417,19419,19421,19423,19425,19427,19429,19431,19433,19435,19437],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,19408,13364],{"class":100},[94,19410,105],{"class":104},[94,19412,9504],{"class":913},[94,19414,168],{"class":108},[94,19416,17612],{"class":152},[94,19418,3342],{"class":108},[94,19420,332],{"class":331},[94,19422,434],{"class":335},[94,19424,332],{"class":331},[94,19426,116],{"class":108},[94,19428,1040],{"class":331},[94,19430,1937],{"class":335},[94,19432,332],{"class":331},[94,19434,18392],{"class":108},[94,19436,4178],{"class":112},[94,19438,316],{"class":108},[94,19440,19441],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,19442,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,19444,19445,19447,19449,19451],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,19446,326],{"class":145},[94,19448,149],{"class":108},[94,19450,381],{"class":152},[94,19452,316],{"class":108},[94,19454,19455,19457,19459,19462],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,19456,326],{"class":145},[94,19458,149],{"class":108},[94,19460,19461],{"class":152},"new_dict",[94,19463,316],{"class":108},[24,19465,371],{},[85,19467,19469],{"className":87,"code":19468,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"{'x': 1}\n{'a': 0, 'b': 0}\n",[15,19470,19471,19487],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,19472,19473,19475,19477,19479,19481,19483,19485],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,19474,9610],{"class":108},[94,19476,968],{"class":331},[94,19478,2531],{"class":335},[94,19480,968],{"class":331},[94,19482,384],{"class":108},[94,19484,119],{"class":112},[94,19486,9641],{"class":108},[94,19488,19489,19491,19493,19495,19497,19499,19501,19503,19505,19507,19509,19511,19513],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,19490,9610],{"class":108},[94,19492,968],{"class":331},[94,19494,434],{"class":335},[94,19496,968],{"class":331},[94,19498,384],{"class":108},[94,19500,4178],{"class":112},[94,19502,116],{"class":108},[94,19504,962],{"class":331},[94,19506,1937],{"class":335},[94,19508,968],{"class":331},[94,19510,384],{"class":108},[94,19512,4178],{"class":112},[94,19514,9641],{"class":108},[24,19516,19517,19518,168],{},"If you want to modify an existing dictionary, see the ",[434,19519,11066,19520,567],{"href":14360},[15,19521,15281],{},[265,19523,19525,19526],{"id":19524},"forgetting-that-the-default-value-is-none","Forgetting that the default value is ",[15,19527,77],{},[85,19529,19531],{"className":87,"code":19530,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"x\", \"y\"])\nprint(d)\n",[15,19532,19533,19563],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,19534,19535,19537,19539,19541,19543,19545,19547,19549,19551,19553,19555,19557,19559,19561],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,19536,19065],{"class":100},[94,19538,105],{"class":104},[94,19540,9504],{"class":913},[94,19542,168],{"class":108},[94,19544,17612],{"class":152},[94,19546,3342],{"class":108},[94,19548,332],{"class":331},[94,19550,2531],{"class":335},[94,19552,332],{"class":331},[94,19554,116],{"class":108},[94,19556,1040],{"class":331},[94,19558,12075],{"class":335},[94,19560,332],{"class":331},[94,19562,4234],{"class":108},[94,19564,19565,19567,19569,19571],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,19566,326],{"class":145},[94,19568,149],{"class":108},[94,19570,19098],{"class":152},[94,19572,316],{"class":108},[24,19574,371],{},[85,19576,19578],{"className":87,"code":19577,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"{'x': None, 'y': None}\n",[15,19579,19580],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,19581,19582,19584,19586,19588,19590,19592,19594,19596,19598,19600,19602,19604,19606],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,19583,9610],{"class":108},[94,19585,968],{"class":331},[94,19587,2531],{"class":335},[94,19589,968],{"class":331},[94,19591,384],{"class":108},[94,19593,4197],{"class":1224},[94,19595,116],{"class":108},[94,19597,962],{"class":331},[94,19599,12075],{"class":335},[94,19601,968],{"class":331},[94,19603,384],{"class":108},[94,19605,4197],{"class":1224},[94,19607,9641],{"class":108},[24,19609,19610,19611,168],{},"If you do not pass a second argument, every key gets ",[15,19612,77],{},[80,19614,19616],{"id":19615},"useful-checks","Useful checks",[24,19618,19619,19620,19622],{},"You can run these small examples to understand how ",[15,19621,17547],{}," works.",[85,19624,19626],{"className":87,"code":19625,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0))\n",[15,19627,19628],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,19629,19630,19632,19634,19636,19638,19640,19642,19644,19646,19648,19650,19652,19654,19656,19658,19660],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,19631,326],{"class":145},[94,19633,149],{"class":108},[94,19635,9154],{"class":913},[94,19637,168],{"class":108},[94,19639,17612],{"class":152},[94,19641,3342],{"class":108},[94,19643,332],{"class":331},[94,19645,434],{"class":335},[94,19647,332],{"class":331},[94,19649,116],{"class":108},[94,19651,1040],{"class":331},[94,19653,1937],{"class":335},[94,19655,332],{"class":331},[94,19657,18392],{"class":108},[94,19659,4178],{"class":112},[94,19661,921],{"class":108},[85,19663,19664],{"className":87,"code":19530,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,19665,19666,19696],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,19667,19668,19670,19672,19674,19676,19678,19680,19682,19684,19686,19688,19690,19692,19694],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,19669,19065],{"class":100},[94,19671,105],{"class":104},[94,19673,9504],{"class":913},[94,19675,168],{"class":108},[94,19677,17612],{"class":152},[94,19679,3342],{"class":108},[94,19681,332],{"class":331},[94,19683,2531],{"class":335},[94,19685,332],{"class":331},[94,19687,116],{"class":108},[94,19689,1040],{"class":331},[94,19691,12075],{"class":335},[94,19693,332],{"class":331},[94,19695,4234],{"class":108},[94,19697,19698,19700,19702,19704],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,19699,326],{"class":145},[94,19701,149],{"class":108},[94,19703,19098],{"class":152},[94,19705,316],{"class":108},[85,19707,19708],{"className":87,"code":19058,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,19709,19710,19742,19764],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,19711,19712,19714,19716,19718,19720,19722,19724,19726,19728,19730,19732,19734,19736,19738,19740],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,19713,19065],{"class":100},[94,19715,105],{"class":104},[94,19717,9504],{"class":913},[94,19719,168],{"class":108},[94,19721,17612],{"class":152},[94,19723,3342],{"class":108},[94,19725,332],{"class":331},[94,19727,434],{"class":335},[94,19729,332],{"class":331},[94,19731,116],{"class":108},[94,19733,1040],{"class":331},[94,19735,1937],{"class":335},[94,19737,332],{"class":331},[94,19739,18392],{"class":108},[94,19741,18326],{"class":108},[94,19743,19744,19746,19748,19750,19752,19754,19756,19758,19760,19762],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,19745,19098],{"class":100},[94,19747,539],{"class":108},[94,19749,332],{"class":331},[94,19751,434],{"class":335},[94,19753,332],{"class":331},[94,19755,13877],{"class":108},[94,19757,13880],{"class":152},[94,19759,149],{"class":108},[94,19761,412],{"class":112},[94,19763,316],{"class":108},[94,19765,19766,19768,19770,19772],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,19767,326],{"class":145},[94,19769,149],{"class":108},[94,19771,19098],{"class":152},[94,19773,316],{"class":108},[85,19775,19777],{"className":87,"code":19776,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(type(dict.fromkeys([1, 2, 3], \"value\")))\n",[15,19778,19779],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,19780,19781,19783,19785,19787,19789,19791,19793,19795,19797,19799,19801,19803,19805,19807,19809,19811,19813,19815],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,19782,326],{"class":145},[94,19784,149],{"class":108},[94,19786,914],{"class":913},[94,19788,149],{"class":108},[94,19790,9154],{"class":913},[94,19792,168],{"class":108},[94,19794,17612],{"class":152},[94,19796,3342],{"class":108},[94,19798,412],{"class":112},[94,19800,116],{"class":108},[94,19802,124],{"class":112},[94,19804,116],{"class":108},[94,19806,421],{"class":112},[94,19808,18392],{"class":108},[94,19810,1040],{"class":331},[94,19812,2829],{"class":335},[94,19814,332],{"class":331},[94,19816,3268],{"class":108},[80,19818,2160],{"id":2159},[265,19820,13029,19822,19824],{"id":19821},"does-fromkeys-change-an-existing-dictionary",[15,19823,17547],{}," change an existing dictionary?",[24,19826,19827],{},"No. It creates and returns a new dictionary.",[265,19829,19831],{"id":19830},"what-value-is-used-if-i-do-not-pass-the-second-argument","What value is used if I do not pass the second argument?",[24,19833,19834,19835,168],{},"Each key gets ",[15,19836,77],{},[265,19838,19840],{"id":19839},"can-i-use-a-list-as-the-default-value","Can I use a list as the default value?",[24,19842,19843],{},"Yes, but all keys will share the same list object.",[265,19845,19847],{"id":19846},"how-do-i-give-each-key-its-own-empty-list","How do I give each key its own empty list?",[24,19849,18482],{},[85,19851,19853],{"className":87,"code":19852,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n",[15,19854,19855,19887],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,19856,19857,19859,19861,19863,19865,19867,19869,19871,19873,19875,19877,19879,19881,19883,19885],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,19858,17571],{"class":100},[94,19860,105],{"class":104},[94,19862,109],{"class":108},[94,19864,332],{"class":331},[94,19866,434],{"class":335},[94,19868,332],{"class":331},[94,19870,116],{"class":108},[94,19872,1040],{"class":331},[94,19874,1937],{"class":335},[94,19876,332],{"class":331},[94,19878,116],{"class":108},[94,19880,1040],{"class":331},[94,19882,1946],{"class":335},[94,19884,332],{"class":331},[94,19886,127],{"class":108},[94,19888,19889,19891,19893,19895,19897,19899,19901,19903,19905,19907,19909],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,19890,9499],{"class":100},[94,19892,105],{"class":104},[94,19894,10823],{"class":108},[94,19896,1142],{"class":100},[94,19898,384],{"class":108},[94,19900,18534],{"class":108},[94,19902,4222],{"class":4221},[94,19904,18539],{"class":100},[94,19906,4228],{"class":4221},[94,19908,18544],{"class":100},[94,19910,9641],{"class":108},[80,19912,2232],{"id":2231},[28,19914,19915,19919,19923,19927,19933],{},[31,19916,19917],{},[434,19918,11571],{"href":13352},[31,19920,19921],{},[434,19922,9489],{"href":13349},[31,19924,19925],{},[434,19926,11580],{"href":18233},[31,19928,19929],{},[434,19930,11066,19931,567],{"href":14360},[15,19932,15281],{},[31,19934,19935],{},[434,19936,11066,19937,567],{"href":15326},[15,19938,13102],{},[24,19940,54,19941,19943],{},[15,19942,17552],{}," when all keys should start with the same simple value. If each key needs its own separate list or dictionary, use a dictionary comprehension instead.",[2260,19945,19946],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":90,"searchDepth":130,"depth":130,"links":19948},[19949,19950,19952,19956,19957,19959,19964,19966,19973,19982,19983,19990],{"id":2360,"depth":130,"text":2361},{"id":17652,"depth":130,"text":19951},"What dict.fromkeys() does",{"id":17696,"depth":130,"text":17697,"children":19953},[19954,19955],{"id":17723,"depth":137,"text":17724},{"id":17747,"depth":137,"text":17748},{"id":6117,"depth":130,"text":6118},{"id":17908,"depth":130,"text":19958},"Using fromkeys() without a value",{"id":18237,"depth":130,"text":18238,"children":19960},[19961,19962,19963],{"id":18267,"depth":137,"text":18268},{"id":18430,"depth":137,"text":18431},{"id":18478,"depth":137,"text":18479},{"id":18642,"depth":130,"text":19965},"When to use fromkeys()",{"id":18800,"depth":130,"text":19967,"children":19968},"fromkeys() vs creating a dictionary manually",[19969,19971,19972],{"id":18811,"depth":137,"text":19970},"Using fromkeys()",{"id":18876,"depth":137,"text":18877},{"id":18950,"depth":137,"text":18951},{"id":3185,"depth":130,"text":3186,"children":19974},[19975,19976,19978,19980],{"id":19054,"depth":137,"text":19055},{"id":19237,"depth":137,"text":19977},"Trying to call fromkeys() on a list",{"id":19371,"depth":137,"text":19979},"Expecting fromkeys() to update an existing dictionary",{"id":19524,"depth":137,"text":19981},"Forgetting that the default value is None",{"id":19615,"depth":130,"text":19616},{"id":2159,"depth":130,"text":2160,"children":19984},[19985,19987,19988,19989],{"id":19821,"depth":137,"text":19986},"Does fromkeys() change an existing dictionary?",{"id":19830,"depth":137,"text":19831},{"id":19839,"depth":137,"text":19840},{"id":19846,"depth":137,"text":19847},{"id":2231,"depth":130,"text":2232},"Master python dictionary fromkeys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method",{"title":17539,"description":19991},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method","2yJ4KIc9BK_9yVeJ8MeOaa9ypdRp2WVvVsnxvO7dWyw",{"id":19998,"title":19999,"body":20000,"description":21830,"extension":2319,"meta":21831,"navigation":133,"path":21832,"seo":21833,"stem":21834,"__hash__":21835},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method.md","Python Dictionary get() Method",{"type":7,"value":20001,"toc":21797},[20002,20007,20013,20024,20154,20161,20166,20170,20186,20188,20286,20289,20306,20310,20312,20317,20355,20358,20376,20378,20496,20501,20505,20521,20524,20660,20663,20668,20674,20677,20714,20717,20721,20726,20802,20806,20811,20893,20895,20911,20916,20920,20926,20995,20998,21015,21018,21100,21106,21109,21129,21133,21138,21144,21150,21221,21224,21230,21233,21307,21314,21320,21328,21338,21340,21435,21441,21446,21533,21539,21541,21546,21568,21571,21666,21669,21700,21713,21715,21723,21729,21735,21738,21744,21749,21756,21761,21763,21794],[10,20003,11647,20005,11651],{"id":20004},"python-dictionary-get-method",[15,20006,11069],{},[24,20008,20009,20010,20012],{},"The dictionary ",[15,20011,11069],{}," method lets you safely read a value from a dictionary.",[24,20014,20015,20016,2547,20019,74,20021,20023],{},"It is useful when a key might be missing. Instead of crashing with a ",[15,20017,20018],{},"KeyError",[15,20020,11069],{},[15,20022,77],{}," by default, or a custom fallback value if you provide one.",[85,20025,20027],{"className":87,"code":20026,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.get(\"name\"))           # Ana\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))           # None\nprint(person.get(\"city\", \"N\u002FA\"))    # N\u002FA\n",[15,20028,20029,20065,20069,20095,20120],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,20030,20031,20033,20035,20037,20039,20041,20043,20045,20047,20049,20051,20053,20055,20057,20059,20061,20063],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,20032,13531],{"class":100},[94,20034,105],{"class":104},[94,20036,10823],{"class":108},[94,20038,332],{"class":331},[94,20040,8001],{"class":335},[94,20042,332],{"class":331},[94,20044,384],{"class":108},[94,20046,1040],{"class":331},[94,20048,13206],{"class":335},[94,20050,332],{"class":331},[94,20052,116],{"class":108},[94,20054,1040],{"class":331},[94,20056,9631],{"class":335},[94,20058,332],{"class":331},[94,20060,384],{"class":108},[94,20062,9638],{"class":112},[94,20064,9641],{"class":108},[94,20066,20067],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,20068,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,20070,20071,20073,20075,20077,20079,20082,20084,20086,20088,20090,20092],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,20072,326],{"class":145},[94,20074,149],{"class":108},[94,20076,17636],{"class":152},[94,20078,168],{"class":108},[94,20080,20081],{"class":152},"get",[94,20083,149],{"class":108},[94,20085,332],{"class":331},[94,20087,8001],{"class":335},[94,20089,332],{"class":331},[94,20091,5693],{"class":108},[94,20093,20094],{"class":159},"           # Ana\n",[94,20096,20097,20099,20101,20103,20105,20107,20109,20111,20113,20115,20117],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,20098,326],{"class":145},[94,20100,149],{"class":108},[94,20102,17636],{"class":152},[94,20104,168],{"class":108},[94,20106,20081],{"class":152},[94,20108,149],{"class":108},[94,20110,332],{"class":331},[94,20112,10741],{"class":335},[94,20114,332],{"class":331},[94,20116,5693],{"class":108},[94,20118,20119],{"class":159},"           # None\n",[94,20121,20122,20124,20126,20128,20130,20132,20134,20136,20138,20140,20142,20144,20147,20149,20151],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,20123,326],{"class":145},[94,20125,149],{"class":108},[94,20127,17636],{"class":152},[94,20129,168],{"class":108},[94,20131,20081],{"class":152},[94,20133,149],{"class":108},[94,20135,332],{"class":331},[94,20137,10741],{"class":335},[94,20139,332],{"class":331},[94,20141,116],{"class":108},[94,20143,1040],{"class":331},[94,20145,20146],{"class":335},"N\u002FA",[94,20148,332],{"class":331},[94,20150,5693],{"class":108},[94,20152,20153],{"class":159},"    # N\u002FA\n",[24,20155,54,20156,20158,20159,168],{},[15,20157,11069],{}," when a dictionary key may be missing and you want a safe result instead of a ",[15,20160,20018],{},[80,20162,215,20164,218],{"id":20163},"what-get-does",[15,20165,11069],{},[24,20167,2336,20168,11742],{},[15,20169,11069],{},[28,20171,20172,20175,20180,20183],{},[31,20173,20174],{},"Returns the value for a given key",[31,20176,11753,20177,20179],{},[15,20178,77],{}," if the key does not exist",[31,20181,20182],{},"Can return a custom default value instead",[31,20184,20185],{},"Works on dictionary objects only",[24,20187,2566],{},[85,20189,20191],{"className":87,"code":20190,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"student = {\"name\": \"Lina\", \"grade\": 90}\n\nprint(student.get(\"name\"))     # Lina\nprint(student.get(\"email\"))    # None\n",[15,20192,20193,20232,20236,20261],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,20194,20195,20197,20199,20201,20203,20205,20207,20209,20211,20214,20216,20218,20220,20223,20225,20227,20230],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,20196,13189],{"class":100},[94,20198,105],{"class":104},[94,20200,10823],{"class":108},[94,20202,332],{"class":331},[94,20204,8001],{"class":335},[94,20206,332],{"class":331},[94,20208,384],{"class":108},[94,20210,1040],{"class":331},[94,20212,20213],{"class":335},"Lina",[94,20215,332],{"class":331},[94,20217,116],{"class":108},[94,20219,1040],{"class":331},[94,20221,20222],{"class":335},"grade",[94,20224,332],{"class":331},[94,20226,384],{"class":108},[94,20228,20229],{"class":112}," 90",[94,20231,9641],{"class":108},[94,20233,20234],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,20235,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,20237,20238,20240,20242,20244,20246,20248,20250,20252,20254,20256,20258],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,20239,326],{"class":145},[94,20241,149],{"class":108},[94,20243,13953],{"class":152},[94,20245,168],{"class":108},[94,20247,20081],{"class":152},[94,20249,149],{"class":108},[94,20251,332],{"class":331},[94,20253,8001],{"class":335},[94,20255,332],{"class":331},[94,20257,5693],{"class":108},[94,20259,20260],{"class":159},"     # Lina\n",[94,20262,20263,20265,20267,20269,20271,20273,20275,20277,20279,20281,20283],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,20264,326],{"class":145},[94,20266,149],{"class":108},[94,20268,13953],{"class":152},[94,20270,168],{"class":108},[94,20272,20081],{"class":152},[94,20274,149],{"class":108},[94,20276,332],{"class":331},[94,20278,15586],{"class":335},[94,20280,332],{"class":331},[94,20282,5693],{"class":108},[94,20284,20285],{"class":159},"    # None\n",[24,20287,20288],{},"In this example:",[28,20290,20291,20296],{},[31,20292,20293,20295],{},[15,20294,15567],{}," exists, so its value is returned",[31,20297,20298,20301,20302,74,20304],{},[15,20299,20300],{},"\"email\""," does not exist, so ",[15,20303,11069],{},[15,20305,77],{},[24,20307,13346,20308,168],{},[434,20309,9489],{"href":9488},[80,20311,2514],{"id":2513},[24,20313,20314,20315,384],{},"There are two common forms of ",[15,20316,11069],{},[85,20318,20320],{"className":87,"code":20319,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"dictionary.get(key)\ndictionary.get(key, default_value)\n",[15,20321,20322,20336],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,20323,20324,20326,20328,20330,20332,20334],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,20325,15932],{"class":100},[94,20327,168],{"class":108},[94,20329,20081],{"class":152},[94,20331,149],{"class":108},[94,20333,1142],{"class":152},[94,20335,316],{"class":108},[94,20337,20338,20340,20342,20344,20346,20348,20350,20353],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,20339,15932],{"class":100},[94,20341,168],{"class":108},[94,20343,20081],{"class":152},[94,20345,149],{"class":108},[94,20347,1142],{"class":152},[94,20349,116],{"class":108},[94,20351,20352],{"class":152}," default_value",[94,20354,316],{"class":108},[24,20356,20357],{},"What each part means:",[28,20359,20360,20365,20371],{},[31,20361,20362,20364],{},[15,20363,1142],{}," is the dictionary key you want to look up",[31,20366,20367,20370],{},[15,20368,20369],{},"default_value"," is optional",[31,20372,20373,20374],{},"If you do not provide a default, Python uses ",[15,20375,77],{},[24,20377,2566],{},[85,20379,20381],{"className":87,"code":20380,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\"}\n\nprint(settings.get(\"theme\"))            # dark\nprint(settings.get(\"language\"))         # None\nprint(settings.get(\"language\", \"en\"))   # en\n",[15,20382,20383,20407,20411,20436,20462],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,20384,20385,20387,20389,20391,20393,20395,20397,20399,20401,20403,20405],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,20386,14153],{"class":100},[94,20388,105],{"class":104},[94,20390,10823],{"class":108},[94,20392,332],{"class":331},[94,20394,12820],{"class":335},[94,20396,332],{"class":331},[94,20398,384],{"class":108},[94,20400,1040],{"class":331},[94,20402,12829],{"class":335},[94,20404,332],{"class":331},[94,20406,9641],{"class":108},[94,20408,20409],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,20410,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,20412,20413,20415,20417,20419,20421,20423,20425,20427,20429,20431,20433],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,20414,326],{"class":145},[94,20416,149],{"class":108},[94,20418,14212],{"class":152},[94,20420,168],{"class":108},[94,20422,20081],{"class":152},[94,20424,149],{"class":108},[94,20426,332],{"class":331},[94,20428,12820],{"class":335},[94,20430,332],{"class":331},[94,20432,5693],{"class":108},[94,20434,20435],{"class":159},"            # dark\n",[94,20437,20438,20440,20442,20444,20446,20448,20450,20452,20455,20457,20459],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,20439,326],{"class":145},[94,20441,149],{"class":108},[94,20443,14212],{"class":152},[94,20445,168],{"class":108},[94,20447,20081],{"class":152},[94,20449,149],{"class":108},[94,20451,332],{"class":331},[94,20453,20454],{"class":335},"language",[94,20456,332],{"class":331},[94,20458,5693],{"class":108},[94,20460,20461],{"class":159},"         # None\n",[94,20463,20464,20466,20468,20470,20472,20474,20476,20478,20480,20482,20484,20486,20489,20491,20493],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,20465,326],{"class":145},[94,20467,149],{"class":108},[94,20469,14212],{"class":152},[94,20471,168],{"class":108},[94,20473,20081],{"class":152},[94,20475,149],{"class":108},[94,20477,332],{"class":331},[94,20479,20454],{"class":335},[94,20481,332],{"class":331},[94,20483,116],{"class":108},[94,20485,1040],{"class":331},[94,20487,20488],{"class":335},"en",[94,20490,332],{"class":331},[94,20492,5693],{"class":108},[94,20494,20495],{"class":159},"   # en\n",[80,20497,815,20499],{"id":20498},"when-to-use-get",[15,20500,11069],{},[24,20502,54,20503,822],{},[15,20504,11069],{},[28,20506,20507,20510,20515,20518],{},[31,20508,20509],{},"A key might not exist",[31,20511,20512,20513],{},"You want to avoid ",[15,20514,20018],{},[31,20516,20517],{},"You are reading optional data",[31,20519,20520],{},"You are working with JSON, user input, or config data",[24,20522,20523],{},"Example with optional user data:",[85,20525,20527],{"className":87,"code":20526,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"user = {\"username\": \"sam\", \"email\": \"sam@example.com\"}\n\nprint(user.get(\"username\"))              # sam\nprint(user.get(\"phone\"))                 # None\nprint(user.get(\"phone\", \"Not provided\")) # Not provided\n",[15,20528,20529,20571,20575,20600,20626],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,20530,20531,20533,20535,20537,20539,20541,20543,20545,20547,20550,20552,20554,20556,20558,20560,20562,20564,20567,20569],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,20532,11818],{"class":100},[94,20534,105],{"class":104},[94,20536,10823],{"class":108},[94,20538,332],{"class":331},[94,20540,8320],{"class":335},[94,20542,332],{"class":331},[94,20544,384],{"class":108},[94,20546,1040],{"class":331},[94,20548,20549],{"class":335},"sam",[94,20551,332],{"class":331},[94,20553,116],{"class":108},[94,20555,1040],{"class":331},[94,20557,15586],{"class":335},[94,20559,332],{"class":331},[94,20561,384],{"class":108},[94,20563,1040],{"class":331},[94,20565,20566],{"class":335},"sam@example.com",[94,20568,332],{"class":331},[94,20570,9641],{"class":108},[94,20572,20573],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,20574,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,20576,20577,20579,20581,20583,20585,20587,20589,20591,20593,20595,20597],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,20578,326],{"class":145},[94,20580,149],{"class":108},[94,20582,11912],{"class":152},[94,20584,168],{"class":108},[94,20586,20081],{"class":152},[94,20588,149],{"class":108},[94,20590,332],{"class":331},[94,20592,8320],{"class":335},[94,20594,332],{"class":331},[94,20596,5693],{"class":108},[94,20598,20599],{"class":159},"              # sam\n",[94,20601,20602,20604,20606,20608,20610,20612,20614,20616,20619,20621,20623],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,20603,326],{"class":145},[94,20605,149],{"class":108},[94,20607,11912],{"class":152},[94,20609,168],{"class":108},[94,20611,20081],{"class":152},[94,20613,149],{"class":108},[94,20615,332],{"class":331},[94,20617,20618],{"class":335},"phone",[94,20620,332],{"class":331},[94,20622,5693],{"class":108},[94,20624,20625],{"class":159},"                 # None\n",[94,20627,20628,20630,20632,20634,20636,20638,20640,20642,20644,20646,20648,20650,20653,20655,20657],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,20629,326],{"class":145},[94,20631,149],{"class":108},[94,20633,11912],{"class":152},[94,20635,168],{"class":108},[94,20637,20081],{"class":152},[94,20639,149],{"class":108},[94,20641,332],{"class":331},[94,20643,20618],{"class":335},[94,20645,332],{"class":331},[94,20647,116],{"class":108},[94,20649,1040],{"class":331},[94,20651,20652],{"class":335},"Not provided",[94,20654,332],{"class":331},[94,20656,5693],{"class":108},[94,20658,20659],{"class":159}," # Not provided\n",[24,20661,20662],{},"This is common when some fields are optional.",[24,20664,20665,20666,168],{},"If you want more help with reading dictionary values, see ",[434,20667,16926],{"href":16925},[80,20669,20671,20673],{"id":20670},"get-vs-square-brackets",[15,20672,11069],{}," vs square brackets",[24,20675,20676],{},"You can access dictionary values in two common ways:",[85,20678,20680],{"className":87,"code":20679,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"data[\"key\"]\ndata.get(\"key\")\n",[15,20681,20682,20696],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,20683,20684,20686,20688,20690,20692,20694],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,20685,9537],{"class":100},[94,20687,539],{"class":108},[94,20689,332],{"class":331},[94,20691,1142],{"class":335},[94,20693,332],{"class":331},[94,20695,127],{"class":108},[94,20697,20698,20700,20702,20704,20706,20708,20710,20712],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,20699,9537],{"class":100},[94,20701,168],{"class":108},[94,20703,20081],{"class":152},[94,20705,149],{"class":108},[94,20707,332],{"class":331},[94,20709,1142],{"class":335},[94,20711,332],{"class":331},[94,20713,316],{"class":108},[24,20715,20716],{},"The difference is important.",[265,20718,20720],{"id":20719},"square-brackets","Square brackets",[24,20722,20723,20724,168],{},"Square brackets are strict. If the key is missing, Python raises a ",[15,20725,20018],{},[85,20727,20729],{"className":87,"code":20728,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data[\"name\"])   # Ana\nprint(data[\"city\"])   # KeyError\n",[15,20730,20731,20755,20759,20781],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,20732,20733,20735,20737,20739,20741,20743,20745,20747,20749,20751,20753],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,20734,9499],{"class":100},[94,20736,105],{"class":104},[94,20738,10823],{"class":108},[94,20740,332],{"class":331},[94,20742,8001],{"class":335},[94,20744,332],{"class":331},[94,20746,384],{"class":108},[94,20748,1040],{"class":331},[94,20750,13206],{"class":335},[94,20752,332],{"class":331},[94,20754,9641],{"class":108},[94,20756,20757],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,20758,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,20760,20761,20763,20765,20767,20769,20771,20773,20775,20778],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,20762,326],{"class":145},[94,20764,149],{"class":108},[94,20766,9537],{"class":152},[94,20768,539],{"class":108},[94,20770,332],{"class":331},[94,20772,8001],{"class":335},[94,20774,332],{"class":331},[94,20776,20777],{"class":108},"])",[94,20779,20780],{"class":159},"   # Ana\n",[94,20782,20783,20785,20787,20789,20791,20793,20795,20797,20799],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,20784,326],{"class":145},[94,20786,149],{"class":108},[94,20788,9537],{"class":152},[94,20790,539],{"class":108},[94,20792,332],{"class":331},[94,20794,10741],{"class":335},[94,20796,332],{"class":331},[94,20798,20777],{"class":108},[94,20800,20801],{"class":159},"   # KeyError\n",[265,20803,20804],{"id":20081},[15,20805,11069],{},[24,20807,20808,20810],{},[15,20809,11069],{}," is safe for missing keys.",[85,20812,20814],{"className":87,"code":20813,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data.get(\"name\"))   # Ana\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))   # None\n",[15,20815,20816,20840,20844,20868],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,20817,20818,20820,20822,20824,20826,20828,20830,20832,20834,20836,20838],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,20819,9499],{"class":100},[94,20821,105],{"class":104},[94,20823,10823],{"class":108},[94,20825,332],{"class":331},[94,20827,8001],{"class":335},[94,20829,332],{"class":331},[94,20831,384],{"class":108},[94,20833,1040],{"class":331},[94,20835,13206],{"class":335},[94,20837,332],{"class":331},[94,20839,9641],{"class":108},[94,20841,20842],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,20843,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,20845,20846,20848,20850,20852,20854,20856,20858,20860,20862,20864,20866],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,20847,326],{"class":145},[94,20849,149],{"class":108},[94,20851,9537],{"class":152},[94,20853,168],{"class":108},[94,20855,20081],{"class":152},[94,20857,149],{"class":108},[94,20859,332],{"class":331},[94,20861,8001],{"class":335},[94,20863,332],{"class":331},[94,20865,5693],{"class":108},[94,20867,20780],{"class":159},[94,20869,20870,20872,20874,20876,20878,20880,20882,20884,20886,20888,20890],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,20871,326],{"class":145},[94,20873,149],{"class":108},[94,20875,9537],{"class":152},[94,20877,168],{"class":108},[94,20879,20081],{"class":152},[94,20881,149],{"class":108},[94,20883,332],{"class":331},[94,20885,10741],{"class":335},[94,20887,332],{"class":331},[94,20889,5693],{"class":108},[94,20891,20892],{"class":159},"   # None\n",[24,20894,19025],{},[28,20896,20897,20903],{},[31,20898,20899,20900],{},"Square brackets when the key ",[43,20901,20902],{},"must exist",[31,20904,20905,20907,20908],{},[15,20906,11069],{}," when the key is ",[43,20909,20910],{},"optional",[24,20912,20913,20914,168],{},"If you are seeing crashes from missing keys, read ",[434,20915,11591],{"href":11402},[80,20917,20919],{"id":20918},"using-a-default-value","Using a default value",[24,20921,20922,20923,20925],{},"You can pass a second argument to ",[15,20924,11069],{}," to choose what should be returned if the key is missing.",[85,20927,20929],{"className":87,"code":20928,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"profile = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(profile.get(\"country\", \"Unknown\"))  # Unknown\n",[15,20930,20931,20956,20960],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,20932,20933,20936,20938,20940,20942,20944,20946,20948,20950,20952,20954],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,20934,20935],{"class":100},"profile ",[94,20937,105],{"class":104},[94,20939,10823],{"class":108},[94,20941,332],{"class":331},[94,20943,8001],{"class":335},[94,20945,332],{"class":331},[94,20947,384],{"class":108},[94,20949,1040],{"class":331},[94,20951,8256],{"class":335},[94,20953,332],{"class":331},[94,20955,9641],{"class":108},[94,20957,20958],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,20959,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,20961,20962,20964,20966,20969,20971,20973,20975,20977,20979,20981,20983,20985,20988,20990,20992],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,20963,326],{"class":145},[94,20965,149],{"class":108},[94,20967,20968],{"class":152},"profile",[94,20970,168],{"class":108},[94,20972,20081],{"class":152},[94,20974,149],{"class":108},[94,20976,332],{"class":331},[94,20978,15589],{"class":335},[94,20980,332],{"class":331},[94,20982,116],{"class":108},[94,20984,1040],{"class":331},[94,20986,20987],{"class":335},"Unknown",[94,20989,332],{"class":331},[94,20991,5693],{"class":108},[94,20993,20994],{"class":159},"  # Unknown\n",[24,20996,20997],{},"This is useful for display text:",[28,20999,21000,21005,21010],{},[31,21001,21002],{},[15,21003,21004],{},"\"Unknown\"",[31,21006,21007],{},[15,21008,21009],{},"\"Not set\"",[31,21011,21012],{},[15,21013,21014],{},"\"N\u002FA\"",[24,21016,21017],{},"It is also useful in calculations:",[85,21019,21021],{"className":87,"code":21020,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"scores = {\"math\": 10, \"science\": 8}\n\ntotal_history = scores.get(\"history\", 0)\nprint(total_history)   # 0\n",[15,21022,21023,21055,21059,21086],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,21024,21025,21027,21029,21031,21033,21035,21037,21039,21041,21043,21045,21047,21049,21051,21053],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,21026,5401],{"class":100},[94,21028,105],{"class":104},[94,21030,10823],{"class":108},[94,21032,332],{"class":331},[94,21034,18747],{"class":335},[94,21036,332],{"class":331},[94,21038,384],{"class":108},[94,21040,6336],{"class":112},[94,21042,116],{"class":108},[94,21044,1040],{"class":331},[94,21046,18756],{"class":335},[94,21048,332],{"class":331},[94,21050,384],{"class":108},[94,21052,6692],{"class":112},[94,21054,9641],{"class":108},[94,21056,21057],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,21058,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,21060,21061,21064,21066,21068,21070,21072,21074,21076,21078,21080,21082,21084],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,21062,21063],{"class":100},"total_history ",[94,21065,105],{"class":104},[94,21067,5448],{"class":100},[94,21069,168],{"class":108},[94,21071,20081],{"class":152},[94,21073,149],{"class":108},[94,21075,332],{"class":331},[94,21077,18765],{"class":335},[94,21079,332],{"class":331},[94,21081,116],{"class":108},[94,21083,4178],{"class":112},[94,21085,316],{"class":108},[94,21087,21088,21090,21092,21095,21097],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,21089,326],{"class":145},[94,21091,149],{"class":108},[94,21093,21094],{"class":152},"total_history",[94,21096,156],{"class":108},[94,21098,21099],{"class":159},"   # 0\n",[24,21101,21102,21103,21105],{},"Here, ",[15,21104,2476],{}," is a good default because the code expects a number.",[24,21107,21108],{},"Try to choose a default value that matches the type you expect:",[28,21110,21111,21114,21119,21124],{},[31,21112,21113],{},"Use a string for text",[31,21115,54,21116,21118],{},[15,21117,2476],{}," for numbers",[31,21120,54,21121,21123],{},[15,21122,4131],{}," for lists if needed",[31,21125,54,21126,21128],{},[15,21127,4136],{}," for dictionaries if needed",[80,21130,21132],{"id":21131},"important-beginner-notes","Important beginner notes",[24,21134,21135,21136,168],{},"There are a few things beginners often miss about ",[15,21137,11069],{},[265,21139,21141,21143],{"id":21140},"get-does-not-add-a-missing-key",[15,21142,11069],{}," does not add a missing key",[24,21145,21146,21147,21149],{},"This code does ",[43,21148,45],{}," create a new key:",[85,21151,21153],{"className":87,"code":21152,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))  # None\nprint(person)              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,21154,21155,21179,21183,21208],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,21156,21157,21159,21161,21163,21165,21167,21169,21171,21173,21175,21177],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,21158,13531],{"class":100},[94,21160,105],{"class":104},[94,21162,10823],{"class":108},[94,21164,332],{"class":331},[94,21166,8001],{"class":335},[94,21168,332],{"class":331},[94,21170,384],{"class":108},[94,21172,1040],{"class":331},[94,21174,13206],{"class":335},[94,21176,332],{"class":331},[94,21178,9641],{"class":108},[94,21180,21181],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,21182,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,21184,21185,21187,21189,21191,21193,21195,21197,21199,21201,21203,21205],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,21186,326],{"class":145},[94,21188,149],{"class":108},[94,21190,17636],{"class":152},[94,21192,168],{"class":108},[94,21194,20081],{"class":152},[94,21196,149],{"class":108},[94,21198,332],{"class":331},[94,21200,10741],{"class":335},[94,21202,332],{"class":331},[94,21204,5693],{"class":108},[94,21206,21207],{"class":159},"  # None\n",[94,21209,21210,21212,21214,21216,21218],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,21211,326],{"class":145},[94,21213,149],{"class":108},[94,21215,17636],{"class":152},[94,21217,156],{"class":108},[94,21219,21220],{"class":159},"              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[24,21222,21223],{},"The dictionary stays the same.",[265,21225,21227,21229],{"id":21226},"get-does-not-change-the-dictionary",[15,21228,11069],{}," does not change the dictionary",[24,21231,21232],{},"It only reads a value safely.",[85,21234,21236],{"className":87,"code":21235,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"settings = {\"mode\": \"light\"}\n\nsettings.get(\"theme\", \"dark\")\nprint(settings)   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[15,21237,21238,21264,21268,21294],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,21239,21240,21242,21244,21246,21248,21251,21253,21255,21257,21260,21262],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,21241,14153],{"class":100},[94,21243,105],{"class":104},[94,21245,10823],{"class":108},[94,21247,332],{"class":331},[94,21249,21250],{"class":335},"mode",[94,21252,332],{"class":331},[94,21254,384],{"class":108},[94,21256,1040],{"class":331},[94,21258,21259],{"class":335},"light",[94,21261,332],{"class":331},[94,21263,9641],{"class":108},[94,21265,21266],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,21267,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,21269,21270,21272,21274,21276,21278,21280,21282,21284,21286,21288,21290,21292],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,21271,14212],{"class":100},[94,21273,168],{"class":108},[94,21275,20081],{"class":152},[94,21277,149],{"class":108},[94,21279,332],{"class":331},[94,21281,12820],{"class":335},[94,21283,332],{"class":331},[94,21285,116],{"class":108},[94,21287,1040],{"class":331},[94,21289,12829],{"class":335},[94,21291,332],{"class":331},[94,21293,316],{"class":108},[94,21295,21296,21298,21300,21302,21304],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,21297,326],{"class":145},[94,21299,149],{"class":108},[94,21301,14212],{"class":152},[94,21303,156],{"class":108},[94,21305,21306],{"class":159},"   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[24,21308,21309,21310,21313],{},"Even though ",[15,21311,21312],{},"\"dark\""," was returned as a default, it was not saved into the dictionary.",[265,21315,21317,21318],{"id":21316},"a-stored-value-can-also-be-none","A stored value can also be ",[15,21319,77],{},[24,21321,21322,21323,74,21325,21327],{},"Sometimes ",[15,21324,11069],{},[15,21326,77],{}," because:",[28,21329,21330,21333],{},[31,21331,21332],{},"The key is missing, or",[31,21334,21335,21336],{},"The key exists and its value is actually ",[15,21337,77],{},[24,21339,2566],{},[85,21341,21343],{"className":87,"code":21342,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(data.get(\"nickname\"))  # None\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))      # None\n",[15,21344,21345,21382,21386,21410],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,21346,21347,21349,21351,21353,21355,21357,21359,21361,21363,21365,21367,21369,21371,21374,21376,21378,21380],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,21348,9499],{"class":100},[94,21350,105],{"class":104},[94,21352,10823],{"class":108},[94,21354,332],{"class":331},[94,21356,8001],{"class":335},[94,21358,332],{"class":331},[94,21360,384],{"class":108},[94,21362,1040],{"class":331},[94,21364,13206],{"class":335},[94,21366,332],{"class":331},[94,21368,116],{"class":108},[94,21370,1040],{"class":331},[94,21372,21373],{"class":335},"nickname",[94,21375,332],{"class":331},[94,21377,384],{"class":108},[94,21379,4197],{"class":1224},[94,21381,9641],{"class":108},[94,21383,21384],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,21385,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,21387,21388,21390,21392,21394,21396,21398,21400,21402,21404,21406,21408],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,21389,326],{"class":145},[94,21391,149],{"class":108},[94,21393,9537],{"class":152},[94,21395,168],{"class":108},[94,21397,20081],{"class":152},[94,21399,149],{"class":108},[94,21401,332],{"class":331},[94,21403,21373],{"class":335},[94,21405,332],{"class":331},[94,21407,5693],{"class":108},[94,21409,21207],{"class":159},[94,21411,21412,21414,21416,21418,21420,21422,21424,21426,21428,21430,21432],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,21413,326],{"class":145},[94,21415,149],{"class":108},[94,21417,9537],{"class":152},[94,21419,168],{"class":108},[94,21421,20081],{"class":152},[94,21423,149],{"class":108},[94,21425,332],{"class":331},[94,21427,10741],{"class":335},[94,21429,332],{"class":331},[94,21431,5693],{"class":108},[94,21433,21434],{"class":159},"      # None\n",[24,21436,21437,21438,21440],{},"Both lines print ",[15,21439,77],{},", but they mean different things.",[24,21442,21443,21444,384],{},"If you need to know whether the key exists, check with ",[15,21445,4228],{},[85,21447,21449],{"className":87,"code":21448,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(\"nickname\" in data)  # True\nprint(\"city\" in data)      # False\n",[15,21450,21451,21487,21491,21512],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,21452,21453,21455,21457,21459,21461,21463,21465,21467,21469,21471,21473,21475,21477,21479,21481,21483,21485],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,21454,9499],{"class":100},[94,21456,105],{"class":104},[94,21458,10823],{"class":108},[94,21460,332],{"class":331},[94,21462,8001],{"class":335},[94,21464,332],{"class":331},[94,21466,384],{"class":108},[94,21468,1040],{"class":331},[94,21470,13206],{"class":335},[94,21472,332],{"class":331},[94,21474,116],{"class":108},[94,21476,1040],{"class":331},[94,21478,21373],{"class":335},[94,21480,332],{"class":331},[94,21482,384],{"class":108},[94,21484,4197],{"class":1224},[94,21486,9641],{"class":108},[94,21488,21489],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,21490,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,21492,21493,21495,21497,21499,21501,21503,21506,21508,21510],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,21494,326],{"class":145},[94,21496,149],{"class":108},[94,21498,332],{"class":331},[94,21500,21373],{"class":335},[94,21502,332],{"class":331},[94,21504,21505],{"class":4221}," in",[94,21507,14894],{"class":152},[94,21509,156],{"class":108},[94,21511,4010],{"class":159},[94,21513,21514,21516,21518,21520,21522,21524,21526,21528,21530],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,21515,326],{"class":145},[94,21517,149],{"class":108},[94,21519,332],{"class":331},[94,21521,10741],{"class":335},[94,21523,332],{"class":331},[94,21525,21505],{"class":4221},[94,21527,14894],{"class":152},[94,21529,156],{"class":108},[94,21531,21532],{"class":159},"      # False\n",[24,21534,21535,21536,168],{},"For a full beginner guide, see ",[434,21537,21538],{"href":17482},"how to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[80,21540,3186],{"id":3185},[24,21542,21543,21544,384],{},"Here are some common problems when using ",[15,21545,11069],{},[28,21547,21548,21553,21560,21565],{},[31,21549,21550,21551],{},"Using square brackets for optional keys and getting a ",[15,21552,20018],{},[31,21554,5047,21555,74,21557,21559],{},[15,21556,11069],{},[15,21558,77],{}," if no default is provided",[31,21561,4923,21562,21564],{},[15,21563,11069],{}," creates a key automatically",[31,21566,21567],{},"Using a default value of the wrong type",[24,21569,21570],{},"Debugging steps that help:",[85,21572,21574],{"className":87,"code":21573,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.get('name'))\nprint(type(my_dict.get('name')))\n",[15,21575,21576,21586,21600,21618,21640],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,21577,21578,21580,21582,21584],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,21579,326],{"class":145},[94,21581,149],{"class":108},[94,21583,11779],{"class":152},[94,21585,316],{"class":108},[94,21587,21588,21590,21592,21594,21596,21598],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,21589,326],{"class":145},[94,21591,149],{"class":108},[94,21593,11779],{"class":152},[94,21595,168],{"class":108},[94,21597,17252],{"class":152},[94,21599,7527],{"class":108},[94,21601,21602,21604,21606,21608,21610,21612,21614,21616],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,21603,326],{"class":145},[94,21605,149],{"class":108},[94,21607,968],{"class":331},[94,21609,8001],{"class":335},[94,21611,968],{"class":331},[94,21613,21505],{"class":4221},[94,21615,12096],{"class":152},[94,21617,316],{"class":108},[94,21619,21620,21622,21624,21626,21628,21630,21632,21634,21636,21638],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,21621,326],{"class":145},[94,21623,149],{"class":108},[94,21625,11779],{"class":152},[94,21627,168],{"class":108},[94,21629,20081],{"class":152},[94,21631,149],{"class":108},[94,21633,968],{"class":331},[94,21635,8001],{"class":335},[94,21637,968],{"class":331},[94,21639,921],{"class":108},[94,21641,21642,21644,21646,21648,21650,21652,21654,21656,21658,21660,21662,21664],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,21643,326],{"class":145},[94,21645,149],{"class":108},[94,21647,914],{"class":913},[94,21649,149],{"class":108},[94,21651,11779],{"class":152},[94,21653,168],{"class":108},[94,21655,20081],{"class":152},[94,21657,149],{"class":108},[94,21659,968],{"class":331},[94,21661,8001],{"class":335},[94,21663,968],{"class":331},[94,21665,3268],{"class":108},[24,21667,21668],{},"What these checks tell you:",[28,21670,21671,21676,21682,21688,21694],{},[31,21672,21673,21675],{},[15,21674,13004],{}," shows the full dictionary",[31,21677,21678,21681],{},[15,21679,21680],{},"print(my_dict.keys())"," shows which keys exist",[31,21683,21684,21687],{},[15,21685,21686],{},"print('name' in my_dict)"," checks if a specific key exists",[31,21689,21690,21693],{},[15,21691,21692],{},"print(my_dict.get('name'))"," shows the returned value",[31,21695,21696,21699],{},[15,21697,21698],{},"print(type(my_dict.get('name')))"," shows the value type",[24,21701,21702,21703,1139,21708,21712],{},"You may also want to learn about ",[434,21704,21705,21706,567],{"href":17391},"the dictionary ",[15,21707,17394],{},[434,21709,21705,21710,567],{"href":17404},[15,21711,17407],{}," when inspecting dictionary contents.",[80,21714,2160],{"id":2159},[265,21716,13029,21718,21720,21721,2170],{"id":21717},"does-get-raise-keyerror",[15,21719,11069],{}," raise ",[15,21722,20018],{},[24,21724,21725,21726,21728],{},"No. If the key is missing, it returns ",[15,21727,77],{}," or the default value you provide.",[265,21730,13029,21732,21734],{"id":21731},"does-get-add-a-key-to-the-dictionary",[15,21733,11069],{}," add a key to the dictionary?",[24,21736,21737],{},"No. It only reads a value safely.",[265,21739,21741,21742,2170],{"id":21740},"what-is-the-default-return-value-of-get","What is the default return value of ",[15,21743,11069],{},[24,21745,21746,21748],{},[15,21747,77],{},", unless you pass a second argument.",[265,21750,21752,21753,21755],{"id":21751},"should-i-use-get-or-square-brackets","Should I use ",[15,21754,11069],{}," or square brackets?",[24,21757,54,21758,21760],{},[15,21759,11069],{}," for optional keys. Use square brackets when the key must exist.",[80,21762,2232],{"id":2231},[28,21764,21765,21769,21775,21781,21785,21790],{},[31,21766,21767],{},[434,21768,9489],{"href":9488},[31,21770,21771],{},[434,21772,11066,21773,567],{"href":17391},[15,21774,17394],{},[31,21776,21777],{},[434,21778,11066,21779,567],{"href":17404},[15,21780,17407],{},[31,21782,21783],{},[434,21784,17483],{"href":17482},[31,21786,21787],{},[434,21788,21789],{"href":16925},"How to access values in a dictionary in Python",[31,21791,21792],{},[434,21793,11591],{"href":11402},[2260,21795,21796],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":90,"searchDepth":130,"depth":130,"links":21798},[21799,21801,21802,21804,21809,21810,21818,21819,21829],{"id":20163,"depth":130,"text":21800},"What get() does",{"id":2513,"depth":130,"text":2514},{"id":20498,"depth":130,"text":21803},"When to use get()",{"id":20670,"depth":130,"text":21805,"children":21806},"get() vs square brackets",[21807,21808],{"id":20719,"depth":137,"text":20720},{"id":20081,"depth":137,"text":11069},{"id":20918,"depth":130,"text":20919},{"id":21131,"depth":130,"text":21132,"children":21811},[21812,21814,21816],{"id":21140,"depth":137,"text":21813},"get() does not add a missing key",{"id":21226,"depth":137,"text":21815},"get() does not change the dictionary",{"id":21316,"depth":137,"text":21817},"A stored value can also be None",{"id":3185,"depth":130,"text":3186},{"id":2159,"depth":130,"text":2160,"children":21820},[21821,21823,21825,21827],{"id":21717,"depth":137,"text":21822},"Does get() raise KeyError?",{"id":21731,"depth":137,"text":21824},"Does get() add a key to the dictionary?",{"id":21740,"depth":137,"text":21826},"What is the default return value of get()?",{"id":21751,"depth":137,"text":21828},"Should I use get() or square brackets?",{"id":2231,"depth":130,"text":2232},"Master python dictionary get method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method",{"title":19999,"description":21830},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method","nLl6HZ6KZg7GUYDF-4amCD2Q5QTayzRXFN3p-YK5PQI",{"id":21837,"title":21838,"body":21839,"description":24395,"extension":2319,"meta":24396,"navigation":133,"path":24397,"seo":24398,"stem":24399,"__hash__":24400},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method.md","Python Dictionary items() Method",{"type":7,"value":21840,"toc":24361},[21841,21846,21852,21858,21860,21941,21945,21962,21967,21972,21977,21979,21993,21995,22058,22062,22102,22110,22112,22114,22129,22132,22145,22147,22226,22230,22296,22298,22302,22310,22312,22323,22325,22435,22439,22518,22524,22530,22535,22648,22652,22684,22687,22794,22800,22807,22811,22814,22917,22921,22982,22985,22988,22999,23008,23011,23028,23030,23129,23133,23208,23211,23234,23239,23244,23261,23263,23384,23388,23422,23424,23429,23436,23446,23448,23526,23529,23600,23610,23613,23645,23648,23687,23693,23700,23703,23794,23798,23879,23885,23888,23891,23996,23999,24002,24124,24128,24131,24198,24202,24239,24245,24247,24253,24258,24264,24271,24277,24280,24319,24325,24328,24330,24358],[10,21842,11647,21844,11651],{"id":21843},"python-dictionary-items-method",[15,21845,17407],{},[24,21847,2336,21848,21851],{},[15,21849,21850],{},"dict.items()"," method lets you get both the keys and values from a dictionary at the same time.",[24,21853,21854,21855,21857],{},"Beginners usually use it when looping through a dictionary. Instead of getting a key first and then looking up its value, ",[15,21856,17407],{}," gives you each key-value pair together.",[80,21859,2361],{"id":2360},[85,21861,21863],{"className":87,"code":21862,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,21864,21865,21901,21905,21927],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,21866,21867,21869,21871,21873,21875,21877,21879,21881,21883,21885,21887,21889,21891,21893,21895,21897,21899],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,21868,13531],{"class":100},[94,21870,105],{"class":104},[94,21872,10823],{"class":108},[94,21874,332],{"class":331},[94,21876,8001],{"class":335},[94,21878,332],{"class":331},[94,21880,384],{"class":108},[94,21882,1040],{"class":331},[94,21884,13206],{"class":335},[94,21886,332],{"class":331},[94,21888,116],{"class":108},[94,21890,1040],{"class":331},[94,21892,9631],{"class":335},[94,21894,332],{"class":331},[94,21896,384],{"class":108},[94,21898,9638],{"class":112},[94,21900,9641],{"class":108},[94,21902,21903],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,21904,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,21906,21907,21909,21911,21913,21916,21918,21920,21922,21924],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,21908,6289],{"class":4221},[94,21910,1367],{"class":100},[94,21912,116],{"class":108},[94,21914,21915],{"class":100}," value ",[94,21917,4228],{"class":4221},[94,21919,13574],{"class":100},[94,21921,168],{"class":108},[94,21923,8144],{"class":152},[94,21925,21926],{"class":108},"():\n",[94,21928,21929,21931,21933,21935,21937,21939],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,21930,8404],{"class":145},[94,21932,149],{"class":108},[94,21934,1142],{"class":152},[94,21936,116],{"class":108},[94,21938,8766],{"class":152},[94,21940,316],{"class":108},[24,21942,21943],{},[43,21944,371],{},[85,21946,21948],{"className":87,"code":21947,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"name Ana\nage 25\n",[15,21949,21950,21955],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,21951,21952],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,21953,21954],{"class":100},"name Ana\n",[94,21956,21957,21960],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,21958,21959],{"class":100},"age ",[94,21961,3064],{"class":112},[24,21963,54,21964,21966],{},[15,21965,17407],{}," when you need both the dictionary key and its value in the same loop.",[80,21968,215,21970,218],{"id":21969},"what-items-does",[15,21971,17407],{},[24,21973,21974,21976],{},[15,21975,17407],{}," returns all key-value pairs from a dictionary.",[24,21978,11788],{},[28,21980,21981,21987,21990],{},[31,21982,21983,21984],{},"Each result is a pair in the form ",[15,21985,21986],{},"(key, value)",[31,21988,21989],{},"Each pair is a tuple",[31,21991,21992],{},"The most common use is looping through a dictionary",[24,21994,2566],{},[85,21996,21998],{"className":87,"code":21997,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,21999,22000,22036,22040],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,22001,22002,22004,22006,22008,22010,22012,22014,22016,22018,22020,22022,22024,22026,22028,22030,22032,22034],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,22003,13531],{"class":100},[94,22005,105],{"class":104},[94,22007,10823],{"class":108},[94,22009,332],{"class":331},[94,22011,8001],{"class":335},[94,22013,332],{"class":331},[94,22015,384],{"class":108},[94,22017,1040],{"class":331},[94,22019,13206],{"class":335},[94,22021,332],{"class":331},[94,22023,116],{"class":108},[94,22025,1040],{"class":331},[94,22027,9631],{"class":335},[94,22029,332],{"class":331},[94,22031,384],{"class":108},[94,22033,9638],{"class":112},[94,22035,9641],{"class":108},[94,22037,22038],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,22039,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,22041,22042,22044,22046,22048,22050,22052,22054,22056],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,22043,326],{"class":145},[94,22045,149],{"class":108},[94,22047,965],{"class":913},[94,22049,149],{"class":108},[94,22051,17636],{"class":152},[94,22053,168],{"class":108},[94,22055,8144],{"class":152},[94,22057,6622],{"class":108},[24,22059,22060],{},[43,22061,371],{},[85,22063,22065],{"className":87,"code":22064,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,22066,22067],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,22068,22069,22072,22074,22076,22078,22080,22082,22084,22086,22088,22090,22092,22094,22096,22098,22100],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,22070,22071],{"class":108},"[(",[94,22073,968],{"class":331},[94,22075,8001],{"class":335},[94,22077,968],{"class":331},[94,22079,116],{"class":108},[94,22081,962],{"class":331},[94,22083,13206],{"class":335},[94,22085,968],{"class":331},[94,22087,9566],{"class":108},[94,22089,854],{"class":108},[94,22091,968],{"class":331},[94,22093,9631],{"class":335},[94,22095,968],{"class":331},[94,22097,116],{"class":108},[94,22099,9638],{"class":112},[94,22101,9581],{"class":108},[24,22103,22104,22105,2167,22107,168],{},"If you are still learning dictionaries, see ",[434,22106,9489],{"href":13349},[434,22108,15352],{"href":22109},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python",[80,22111,2514],{"id":2513},[24,22113,5766],{},[85,22115,22117],{"className":87,"code":22116,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"my_dict.items()\n",[15,22118,22119],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,22120,22121,22123,22125,22127],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,22122,11779],{"class":100},[94,22124,168],{"class":108},[94,22126,8144],{"class":152},[94,22128,511],{"class":108},[24,22130,22131],{},"Things to remember:",[28,22133,22134,22139,22142],{},[31,22135,22136,22138],{},[15,22137,17407],{}," does not take any arguments",[31,22140,22141],{},"It does not change the original dictionary",[31,22143,22144],{},"It gives you a way to access key-value pairs",[24,22146,2566],{},[85,22148,22150],{"className":87,"code":22149,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"scores = {\"Alice\": 90, \"Bob\": 85}\n\nresult = scores.items()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,22151,22152,22184,22188,22202,22206,22216],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,22153,22154,22156,22158,22160,22162,22164,22166,22168,22170,22172,22174,22176,22178,22180,22182],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,22155,5401],{"class":100},[94,22157,105],{"class":104},[94,22159,10823],{"class":108},[94,22161,332],{"class":331},[94,22163,1043],{"class":335},[94,22165,332],{"class":331},[94,22167,384],{"class":108},[94,22169,20229],{"class":112},[94,22171,116],{"class":108},[94,22173,1040],{"class":331},[94,22175,1052],{"class":335},[94,22177,332],{"class":331},[94,22179,384],{"class":108},[94,22181,13834],{"class":112},[94,22183,9641],{"class":108},[94,22185,22186],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,22187,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,22189,22190,22192,22194,22196,22198,22200],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,22191,305],{"class":100},[94,22193,105],{"class":104},[94,22195,5448],{"class":100},[94,22197,168],{"class":108},[94,22199,8144],{"class":152},[94,22201,511],{"class":108},[94,22203,22204],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,22205,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,22207,22208,22210,22212,22214],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,22209,326],{"class":145},[94,22211,149],{"class":108},[94,22213,902],{"class":152},[94,22215,316],{"class":108},[94,22217,22218,22220,22222,22224],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,22219,326],{"class":145},[94,22221,149],{"class":108},[94,22223,16717],{"class":152},[94,22225,316],{"class":108},[24,22227,22228],{},[43,22229,371],{},[85,22231,22233],{"className":87,"code":22232,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"dict_items([('Alice', 90), ('Bob', 85)])\n{'Alice': 90, 'Bob': 85}\n",[15,22234,22235,22268],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,22236,22237,22240,22242,22244,22246,22248,22250,22252,22254,22256,22258,22260,22262,22264,22266],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,22238,22239],{"class":152},"dict_items",[94,22241,9990],{"class":108},[94,22243,968],{"class":331},[94,22245,1043],{"class":335},[94,22247,968],{"class":331},[94,22249,116],{"class":108},[94,22251,20229],{"class":112},[94,22253,9566],{"class":108},[94,22255,854],{"class":108},[94,22257,968],{"class":331},[94,22259,1052],{"class":335},[94,22261,968],{"class":331},[94,22263,116],{"class":108},[94,22265,13834],{"class":112},[94,22267,11009],{"class":108},[94,22269,22270,22272,22274,22276,22278,22280,22282,22284,22286,22288,22290,22292,22294],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,22271,9610],{"class":108},[94,22273,968],{"class":331},[94,22275,1043],{"class":335},[94,22277,968],{"class":331},[94,22279,384],{"class":108},[94,22281,20229],{"class":112},[94,22283,116],{"class":108},[94,22285,962],{"class":331},[94,22287,1052],{"class":335},[94,22289,968],{"class":331},[94,22291,384],{"class":108},[94,22293,13834],{"class":112},[94,22295,9641],{"class":108},[24,22297,21223],{},[80,22299,22301],{"id":22300},"what-it-returns","What it returns",[24,22303,22304,22306,22307,22309],{},[15,22305,17407],{}," returns a ",[15,22308,22239],{}," view object.",[24,22311,2463],{},[28,22313,22314,22317,22320],{},[31,22315,22316],{},"You can loop over it",[31,22318,22319],{},"You can convert it to a list if needed",[31,22321,22322],{},"It reflects changes made to the dictionary",[24,22324,2566],{},[85,22326,22328],{"className":87,"code":22327,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\npairs = data.items()\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n\ndata[\"z\"] = 3\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,22329,22330,22362,22376,22380,22394,22398,22417,22421],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,22331,22332,22334,22336,22338,22340,22342,22344,22346,22348,22350,22352,22354,22356,22358,22360],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,22333,9499],{"class":100},[94,22335,105],{"class":104},[94,22337,10823],{"class":108},[94,22339,332],{"class":331},[94,22341,2531],{"class":335},[94,22343,332],{"class":331},[94,22345,384],{"class":108},[94,22347,119],{"class":112},[94,22349,116],{"class":108},[94,22351,1040],{"class":331},[94,22353,12075],{"class":335},[94,22355,332],{"class":331},[94,22357,384],{"class":108},[94,22359,124],{"class":112},[94,22361,9641],{"class":108},[94,22363,22364,22366,22368,22370,22372,22374],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,22365,9548],{"class":100},[94,22367,105],{"class":104},[94,22369,14894],{"class":100},[94,22371,168],{"class":108},[94,22373,8144],{"class":152},[94,22375,511],{"class":108},[94,22377,22378],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,22379,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,22381,22382,22384,22386,22388,22390,22392],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,22383,326],{"class":145},[94,22385,149],{"class":108},[94,22387,965],{"class":913},[94,22389,149],{"class":108},[94,22391,9594],{"class":152},[94,22393,921],{"class":108},[94,22395,22396],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,22397,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,22399,22400,22402,22404,22406,22409,22411,22413,22415],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,22401,9537],{"class":100},[94,22403,539],{"class":108},[94,22405,332],{"class":331},[94,22407,22408],{"class":335},"z",[94,22410,332],{"class":331},[94,22412,13600],{"class":108},[94,22414,13603],{"class":104},[94,22416,2932],{"class":112},[94,22418,22419],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,22420,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,22422,22423,22425,22427,22429,22431,22433],{"class":96,"line":702},[94,22424,326],{"class":145},[94,22426,149],{"class":108},[94,22428,965],{"class":913},[94,22430,149],{"class":108},[94,22432,9594],{"class":152},[94,22434,921],{"class":108},[24,22436,22437],{},[43,22438,371],{},[85,22440,22442],{"className":87,"code":22441,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"[('x', 1), ('y', 2)]\n[('x', 1), ('y', 2), ('z', 3)]\n",[15,22443,22444,22474],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,22445,22446,22448,22450,22452,22454,22456,22458,22460,22462,22464,22466,22468,22470,22472],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,22447,22071],{"class":108},[94,22449,968],{"class":331},[94,22451,2531],{"class":335},[94,22453,968],{"class":331},[94,22455,116],{"class":108},[94,22457,119],{"class":112},[94,22459,9566],{"class":108},[94,22461,854],{"class":108},[94,22463,968],{"class":331},[94,22465,12075],{"class":335},[94,22467,968],{"class":331},[94,22469,116],{"class":108},[94,22471,124],{"class":112},[94,22473,9581],{"class":108},[94,22475,22476,22478,22480,22482,22484,22486,22488,22490,22492,22494,22496,22498,22500,22502,22504,22506,22508,22510,22512,22514,22516],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,22477,22071],{"class":108},[94,22479,968],{"class":331},[94,22481,2531],{"class":335},[94,22483,968],{"class":331},[94,22485,116],{"class":108},[94,22487,119],{"class":112},[94,22489,9566],{"class":108},[94,22491,854],{"class":108},[94,22493,968],{"class":331},[94,22495,12075],{"class":335},[94,22497,968],{"class":331},[94,22499,116],{"class":108},[94,22501,124],{"class":112},[94,22503,9566],{"class":108},[94,22505,854],{"class":108},[94,22507,968],{"class":331},[94,22509,22408],{"class":335},[94,22511,968],{"class":331},[94,22513,116],{"class":108},[94,22515,421],{"class":112},[94,22517,9581],{"class":108},[24,22519,22520,22521,22523],{},"This happens because ",[15,22522,9594],{}," is a view of the dictionary data, not a separate copied list.",[80,22525,22527,22528],{"id":22526},"looping-with-items","Looping with ",[15,22529,17407],{},[24,22531,22532,22533,384],{},"This is the most common way beginners use ",[15,22534,17407],{},[85,22536,22538],{"className":87,"code":22537,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key, value in student.items():\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,22539,22540,22593,22597,22617],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,22541,22542,22544,22546,22548,22550,22552,22554,22556,22558,22560,22562,22564,22566,22568,22570,22572,22574,22577,22579,22581,22583,22585,22587,22589,22591],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,22543,13189],{"class":100},[94,22545,105],{"class":104},[94,22547,10823],{"class":108},[94,22549,332],{"class":331},[94,22551,8001],{"class":335},[94,22553,332],{"class":331},[94,22555,384],{"class":108},[94,22557,1040],{"class":331},[94,22559,8256],{"class":335},[94,22561,332],{"class":331},[94,22563,116],{"class":108},[94,22565,1040],{"class":331},[94,22567,20222],{"class":335},[94,22569,332],{"class":331},[94,22571,384],{"class":108},[94,22573,1040],{"class":331},[94,22575,22576],{"class":335},"A",[94,22578,332],{"class":331},[94,22580,116],{"class":108},[94,22582,1040],{"class":331},[94,22584,9631],{"class":335},[94,22586,332],{"class":331},[94,22588,384],{"class":108},[94,22590,14185],{"class":112},[94,22592,9641],{"class":108},[94,22594,22595],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,22596,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,22598,22599,22601,22603,22605,22607,22609,22611,22613,22615],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,22600,6289],{"class":4221},[94,22602,1367],{"class":100},[94,22604,116],{"class":108},[94,22606,21915],{"class":100},[94,22608,4228],{"class":4221},[94,22610,13232],{"class":100},[94,22612,168],{"class":108},[94,22614,8144],{"class":152},[94,22616,21926],{"class":108},[94,22618,22619,22621,22623,22626,22628,22630,22632,22635,22638,22640,22642,22644,22646],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,22620,8404],{"class":145},[94,22622,149],{"class":108},[94,22624,22625],{"class":958},"f",[94,22627,332],{"class":335},[94,22629,9610],{"class":112},[94,22631,1142],{"class":152},[94,22633,22634],{"class":112},"}",[94,22636,22637],{"class":335},": ",[94,22639,9610],{"class":112},[94,22641,2829],{"class":152},[94,22643,22634],{"class":112},[94,22645,332],{"class":335},[94,22647,316],{"class":108},[24,22649,22650],{},[43,22651,371],{},[85,22653,22655],{"className":87,"code":22654,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"name: Mia\ngrade: A\nage: 14\n",[15,22656,22657,22666,22675],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,22658,22659,22661,22663],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,22660,8001],{"class":100},[94,22662,384],{"class":108},[94,22664,22665],{"class":100}," Mia\n",[94,22667,22668,22670,22672],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,22669,20222],{"class":100},[94,22671,384],{"class":108},[94,22673,22674],{"class":100}," A\n",[94,22676,22677,22679,22681],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,22678,9631],{"class":100},[94,22680,384],{"class":108},[94,22682,22683],{"class":112}," 14\n",[24,22685,22686],{},"This pattern is clearer than looping through keys and then looking up each value:",[85,22688,22690],{"className":87,"code":22689,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key in student:\n    print(f\"{key}: {student[key]}\")\n",[15,22691,22692,22744,22748,22760],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,22693,22694,22696,22698,22700,22702,22704,22706,22708,22710,22712,22714,22716,22718,22720,22722,22724,22726,22728,22730,22732,22734,22736,22738,22740,22742],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,22695,13189],{"class":100},[94,22697,105],{"class":104},[94,22699,10823],{"class":108},[94,22701,332],{"class":331},[94,22703,8001],{"class":335},[94,22705,332],{"class":331},[94,22707,384],{"class":108},[94,22709,1040],{"class":331},[94,22711,8256],{"class":335},[94,22713,332],{"class":331},[94,22715,116],{"class":108},[94,22717,1040],{"class":331},[94,22719,20222],{"class":335},[94,22721,332],{"class":331},[94,22723,384],{"class":108},[94,22725,1040],{"class":331},[94,22727,22576],{"class":335},[94,22729,332],{"class":331},[94,22731,116],{"class":108},[94,22733,1040],{"class":331},[94,22735,9631],{"class":335},[94,22737,332],{"class":331},[94,22739,384],{"class":108},[94,22741,14185],{"class":112},[94,22743,9641],{"class":108},[94,22745,22746],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,22747,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,22749,22750,22752,22754,22756,22758],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,22751,6289],{"class":4221},[94,22753,18539],{"class":100},[94,22755,4228],{"class":4221},[94,22757,13232],{"class":100},[94,22759,6726],{"class":108},[94,22761,22762,22764,22766,22768,22770,22772,22774,22776,22778,22780,22782,22784,22786,22788,22790,22792],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,22763,8404],{"class":145},[94,22765,149],{"class":108},[94,22767,22625],{"class":958},[94,22769,332],{"class":335},[94,22771,9610],{"class":112},[94,22773,1142],{"class":152},[94,22775,22634],{"class":112},[94,22777,22637],{"class":335},[94,22779,9610],{"class":112},[94,22781,13953],{"class":152},[94,22783,539],{"class":108},[94,22785,1142],{"class":152},[94,22787,13600],{"class":108},[94,22789,22634],{"class":112},[94,22791,332],{"class":335},[94,22793,316],{"class":108},[24,22795,6842,22796,22799],{},[15,22797,22798],{},"for key, value in student.items()"," is often easier to read when you need both parts.",[24,22801,22802,22803,168],{},"For a full guide, see ",[434,22804,22806],{"href":22805},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python","how to loop through a dictionary in Python",[80,22808,22810],{"id":22809},"converting-the-result","Converting the result",[24,22812,22813],{},"If you want to see all pairs clearly, you can convert the result to a list:",[85,22815,22817],{"className":87,"code":22816,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"colors = {\"apple\": \"red\", \"banana\": \"yellow\", \"grape\": \"purple\"}\n\npairs_list = list(colors.items())\n\nprint(pairs_list)\n",[15,22818,22819,22878,22882,22902,22906],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,22820,22821,22823,22825,22827,22829,22831,22833,22835,22837,22839,22841,22843,22845,22847,22849,22851,22853,22856,22858,22860,22862,22865,22867,22869,22871,22874,22876],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,22822,13402],{"class":100},[94,22824,105],{"class":104},[94,22826,10823],{"class":108},[94,22828,332],{"class":331},[94,22830,1332],{"class":335},[94,22832,332],{"class":331},[94,22834,384],{"class":108},[94,22836,1040],{"class":331},[94,22838,13419],{"class":335},[94,22840,332],{"class":331},[94,22842,116],{"class":108},[94,22844,1040],{"class":331},[94,22846,4432],{"class":335},[94,22848,332],{"class":331},[94,22850,384],{"class":108},[94,22852,1040],{"class":331},[94,22854,22855],{"class":335},"yellow",[94,22857,332],{"class":331},[94,22859,116],{"class":108},[94,22861,1040],{"class":331},[94,22863,22864],{"class":335},"grape",[94,22866,332],{"class":331},[94,22868,384],{"class":108},[94,22870,1040],{"class":331},[94,22872,22873],{"class":335},"purple",[94,22875,332],{"class":331},[94,22877,9641],{"class":108},[94,22879,22880],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,22881,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,22883,22884,22887,22889,22892,22894,22896,22898,22900],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,22885,22886],{"class":100},"pairs_list ",[94,22888,105],{"class":104},[94,22890,22891],{"class":913}," list",[94,22893,149],{"class":108},[94,22895,17832],{"class":152},[94,22897,168],{"class":108},[94,22899,8144],{"class":152},[94,22901,7527],{"class":108},[94,22903,22904],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,22905,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,22907,22908,22910,22912,22915],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,22909,326],{"class":145},[94,22911,149],{"class":108},[94,22913,22914],{"class":152},"pairs_list",[94,22916,316],{"class":108},[24,22918,22919],{},[43,22920,371],{},[85,22922,22924],{"className":87,"code":22923,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"[('apple', 'red'), ('banana', 'yellow'), ('grape', 'purple')]\n",[15,22925,22926],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,22927,22928,22930,22932,22934,22936,22938,22940,22942,22944,22946,22948,22950,22952,22954,22956,22958,22960,22962,22964,22966,22968,22970,22972,22974,22976,22978,22980],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,22929,22071],{"class":108},[94,22931,968],{"class":331},[94,22933,1332],{"class":335},[94,22935,968],{"class":331},[94,22937,116],{"class":108},[94,22939,962],{"class":331},[94,22941,13419],{"class":335},[94,22943,968],{"class":331},[94,22945,9566],{"class":108},[94,22947,854],{"class":108},[94,22949,968],{"class":331},[94,22951,4432],{"class":335},[94,22953,968],{"class":331},[94,22955,116],{"class":108},[94,22957,962],{"class":331},[94,22959,22855],{"class":335},[94,22961,968],{"class":331},[94,22963,9566],{"class":108},[94,22965,854],{"class":108},[94,22967,968],{"class":331},[94,22969,22864],{"class":335},[94,22971,968],{"class":331},[94,22973,116],{"class":108},[94,22975,962],{"class":331},[94,22977,22873],{"class":335},[94,22979,968],{"class":331},[94,22981,9581],{"class":108},[24,22983,22984],{},"This creates a list of tuples.",[24,22986,22987],{},"Use this when:",[28,22989,22990,22993,22996],{},[31,22991,22992],{},"You want clearer printed output",[31,22994,22995],{},"You need list behavior",[31,22997,22998],{},"You want to inspect all pairs at once",[80,23000,23002,18,23004,18,23006],{"id":23001},"items-vs-keys-vs-values",[15,23003,17407],{},[15,23005,17394],{},[15,23007,17400],{},[24,23009,23010],{},"Dictionary methods give different parts of the dictionary:",[28,23012,23013,23018,23023],{},[31,23014,23015,23017],{},[15,23016,17407],{}," gives both key and value",[31,23019,23020,23022],{},[15,23021,17394],{}," gives only keys",[31,23024,23025,23027],{},[15,23026,17400],{}," gives only values",[24,23029,2566],{},[85,23031,23033],{"className":87,"code":23032,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.keys()))\nprint(list(person.values()))\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,23034,23035,23071,23075,23093,23111],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,23036,23037,23039,23041,23043,23045,23047,23049,23051,23053,23055,23057,23059,23061,23063,23065,23067,23069],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,23038,13531],{"class":100},[94,23040,105],{"class":104},[94,23042,10823],{"class":108},[94,23044,332],{"class":331},[94,23046,8001],{"class":335},[94,23048,332],{"class":331},[94,23050,384],{"class":108},[94,23052,1040],{"class":331},[94,23054,13206],{"class":335},[94,23056,332],{"class":331},[94,23058,116],{"class":108},[94,23060,1040],{"class":331},[94,23062,9631],{"class":335},[94,23064,332],{"class":331},[94,23066,384],{"class":108},[94,23068,9638],{"class":112},[94,23070,9641],{"class":108},[94,23072,23073],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,23074,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,23076,23077,23079,23081,23083,23085,23087,23089,23091],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,23078,326],{"class":145},[94,23080,149],{"class":108},[94,23082,965],{"class":913},[94,23084,149],{"class":108},[94,23086,17636],{"class":152},[94,23088,168],{"class":108},[94,23090,17252],{"class":152},[94,23092,6622],{"class":108},[94,23094,23095,23097,23099,23101,23103,23105,23107,23109],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,23096,326],{"class":145},[94,23098,149],{"class":108},[94,23100,965],{"class":913},[94,23102,149],{"class":108},[94,23104,17636],{"class":152},[94,23106,168],{"class":108},[94,23108,5690],{"class":152},[94,23110,6622],{"class":108},[94,23112,23113,23115,23117,23119,23121,23123,23125,23127],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,23114,326],{"class":145},[94,23116,149],{"class":108},[94,23118,965],{"class":913},[94,23120,149],{"class":108},[94,23122,17636],{"class":152},[94,23124,168],{"class":108},[94,23126,8144],{"class":152},[94,23128,6622],{"class":108},[24,23130,23131],{},[43,23132,371],{},[85,23134,23136],{"className":87,"code":23135,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"['name', 'age']\n['Ana', 25]\n[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,23137,23138,23158,23174],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,23139,23140,23142,23144,23146,23148,23150,23152,23154,23156],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,23141,539],{"class":108},[94,23143,968],{"class":331},[94,23145,8001],{"class":335},[94,23147,968],{"class":331},[94,23149,116],{"class":108},[94,23151,962],{"class":331},[94,23153,9631],{"class":335},[94,23155,968],{"class":331},[94,23157,127],{"class":108},[94,23159,23160,23162,23164,23166,23168,23170,23172],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,23161,539],{"class":108},[94,23163,968],{"class":331},[94,23165,13206],{"class":335},[94,23167,968],{"class":331},[94,23169,116],{"class":108},[94,23171,9638],{"class":112},[94,23173,127],{"class":108},[94,23175,23176,23178,23180,23182,23184,23186,23188,23190,23192,23194,23196,23198,23200,23202,23204,23206],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,23177,22071],{"class":108},[94,23179,968],{"class":331},[94,23181,8001],{"class":335},[94,23183,968],{"class":331},[94,23185,116],{"class":108},[94,23187,962],{"class":331},[94,23189,13206],{"class":335},[94,23191,968],{"class":331},[94,23193,9566],{"class":108},[94,23195,854],{"class":108},[94,23197,968],{"class":331},[94,23199,9631],{"class":335},[94,23201,968],{"class":331},[94,23203,116],{"class":108},[94,23205,9638],{"class":112},[94,23207,9581],{"class":108},[24,23209,23210],{},"Use the method that matches your task:",[28,23212,23213,23221,23229],{},[31,23214,23215,23216],{},"Need just keys? Use ",[434,23217,23219],{"href":23218},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method",[15,23220,17394],{},[31,23222,23223,23224],{},"Need just values? Use ",[434,23225,23227],{"href":23226},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method",[15,23228,17400],{},[31,23230,23231,23232],{},"Need both together? Use ",[15,23233,17407],{},[80,23235,815,23237],{"id":23236},"when-to-use-items",[15,23238,17407],{},[24,23240,23241,23243],{},[15,23242,17407],{}," is useful for tasks like:",[28,23245,23246,23249,23252,23255,23258],{},[31,23247,23248],{},"Printing dictionary contents",[31,23250,23251],{},"Building formatted output",[31,23253,23254],{},"Looping through settings and values",[31,23256,23257],{},"Showing names with scores",[31,23259,23260],{},"Working with labels and their data",[24,23262,2566],{},[85,23264,23266],{"className":87,"code":23265,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"settings = {\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"language\": \"English\",\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\n\nfor setting, value in settings.items():\n    print(f\"{setting} = {value}\")\n",[15,23267,23268,23276,23294,23313,23325,23329,23333,23354],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,23269,23270,23272,23274],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,23271,14153],{"class":100},[94,23273,105],{"class":104},[94,23275,11823],{"class":108},[94,23277,23278,23280,23282,23284,23286,23288,23290,23292],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,23279,11828],{"class":331},[94,23281,12820],{"class":335},[94,23283,332],{"class":331},[94,23285,384],{"class":108},[94,23287,1040],{"class":331},[94,23289,12829],{"class":335},[94,23291,332],{"class":331},[94,23293,11844],{"class":108},[94,23295,23296,23298,23300,23302,23304,23306,23309,23311],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,23297,11828],{"class":331},[94,23299,20454],{"class":335},[94,23301,332],{"class":331},[94,23303,384],{"class":108},[94,23305,1040],{"class":331},[94,23307,23308],{"class":335},"English",[94,23310,332],{"class":331},[94,23312,11844],{"class":108},[94,23314,23315,23317,23319,23321,23323],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,23316,11828],{"class":331},[94,23318,18855],{"class":335},[94,23320,332],{"class":331},[94,23322,384],{"class":108},[94,23324,6755],{"class":1224},[94,23326,23327],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,23328,9641],{"class":108},[94,23330,23331],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,23332,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,23334,23335,23337,23340,23342,23344,23346,23348,23350,23352],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,23336,6289],{"class":4221},[94,23338,23339],{"class":100}," setting",[94,23341,116],{"class":108},[94,23343,21915],{"class":100},[94,23345,4228],{"class":4221},[94,23347,14197],{"class":100},[94,23349,168],{"class":108},[94,23351,8144],{"class":152},[94,23353,21926],{"class":108},[94,23355,23356,23358,23360,23362,23364,23366,23369,23371,23374,23376,23378,23380,23382],{"class":96,"line":702},[94,23357,8404],{"class":145},[94,23359,149],{"class":108},[94,23361,22625],{"class":958},[94,23363,332],{"class":335},[94,23365,9610],{"class":112},[94,23367,23368],{"class":152},"setting",[94,23370,22634],{"class":112},[94,23372,23373],{"class":335}," = ",[94,23375,9610],{"class":112},[94,23377,2829],{"class":152},[94,23379,22634],{"class":112},[94,23381,332],{"class":335},[94,23383,316],{"class":108},[24,23385,23386],{},[43,23387,371],{},[85,23389,23391],{"className":87,"code":23390,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"theme = dark\nlanguage = English\nnotifications = True\n",[15,23392,23393,23403,23413],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,23394,23395,23398,23400],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,23396,23397],{"class":100},"theme ",[94,23399,105],{"class":104},[94,23401,23402],{"class":100}," dark\n",[94,23404,23405,23408,23410],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,23406,23407],{"class":100},"language ",[94,23409,105],{"class":104},[94,23411,23412],{"class":100}," English\n",[94,23414,23415,23418,23420],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,23416,23417],{"class":100},"notifications ",[94,23419,105],{"class":104},[94,23421,6755],{"class":1224},[80,23423,3186],{"id":3185},[24,23425,23426,23427,168],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,23428,17407],{},[265,23430,23432,23433,23435],{"id":23431},"trying-to-unpack-items-incorrectly","Trying to unpack ",[15,23434,17407],{}," incorrectly",[24,23437,23438,23439,23441,23442,23445],{},"Each result from ",[15,23440,17407],{}," has ",[43,23443,23444],{},"two parts",": a key and a value.",[24,23447,7020],{},[85,23449,23450],{"className":87,"code":21862,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,23451,23452,23488,23492,23512],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,23453,23454,23456,23458,23460,23462,23464,23466,23468,23470,23472,23474,23476,23478,23480,23482,23484,23486],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,23455,13531],{"class":100},[94,23457,105],{"class":104},[94,23459,10823],{"class":108},[94,23461,332],{"class":331},[94,23463,8001],{"class":335},[94,23465,332],{"class":331},[94,23467,384],{"class":108},[94,23469,1040],{"class":331},[94,23471,13206],{"class":335},[94,23473,332],{"class":331},[94,23475,116],{"class":108},[94,23477,1040],{"class":331},[94,23479,9631],{"class":335},[94,23481,332],{"class":331},[94,23483,384],{"class":108},[94,23485,9638],{"class":112},[94,23487,9641],{"class":108},[94,23489,23490],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,23491,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,23493,23494,23496,23498,23500,23502,23504,23506,23508,23510],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,23495,6289],{"class":4221},[94,23497,1367],{"class":100},[94,23499,116],{"class":108},[94,23501,21915],{"class":100},[94,23503,4228],{"class":4221},[94,23505,13574],{"class":100},[94,23507,168],{"class":108},[94,23509,8144],{"class":152},[94,23511,21926],{"class":108},[94,23513,23514,23516,23518,23520,23522,23524],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,23515,8404],{"class":145},[94,23517,149],{"class":108},[94,23519,1142],{"class":152},[94,23521,116],{"class":108},[94,23523,8766],{"class":152},[94,23525,316],{"class":108},[24,23527,23528],{},"This is wrong because it tries to unpack into only one variable pattern:",[85,23530,23532],{"className":87,"code":23531,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key in person.items():\n    print(key)\n",[15,23533,23534,23570,23574,23590],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,23535,23536,23538,23540,23542,23544,23546,23548,23550,23552,23554,23556,23558,23560,23562,23564,23566,23568],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,23537,13531],{"class":100},[94,23539,105],{"class":104},[94,23541,10823],{"class":108},[94,23543,332],{"class":331},[94,23545,8001],{"class":335},[94,23547,332],{"class":331},[94,23549,384],{"class":108},[94,23551,1040],{"class":331},[94,23553,13206],{"class":335},[94,23555,332],{"class":331},[94,23557,116],{"class":108},[94,23559,1040],{"class":331},[94,23561,9631],{"class":335},[94,23563,332],{"class":331},[94,23565,384],{"class":108},[94,23567,9638],{"class":112},[94,23569,9641],{"class":108},[94,23571,23572],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,23573,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,23575,23576,23578,23580,23582,23584,23586,23588],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,23577,6289],{"class":4221},[94,23579,18539],{"class":100},[94,23581,4228],{"class":4221},[94,23583,13574],{"class":100},[94,23585,168],{"class":108},[94,23587,8144],{"class":152},[94,23589,21926],{"class":108},[94,23591,23592,23594,23596,23598],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,23593,8404],{"class":145},[94,23595,149],{"class":108},[94,23597,1142],{"class":152},[94,23599,316],{"class":108},[24,23601,23602,23603,23605,23606,23609],{},"This code is not an error, but ",[15,23604,1142],{}," is actually the full tuple, such as ",[15,23607,23608],{},"('name', 'Ana')",", not just the key.",[24,23611,23612],{},"If you want the full pair, use one variable:",[85,23614,23616],{"className":87,"code":23615,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"for item in person.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,23617,23618,23634],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,23619,23620,23622,23624,23626,23628,23630,23632],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,23621,6289],{"class":4221},[94,23623,6292],{"class":100},[94,23625,4228],{"class":4221},[94,23627,13574],{"class":100},[94,23629,168],{"class":108},[94,23631,8144],{"class":152},[94,23633,21926],{"class":108},[94,23635,23636,23638,23640,23643],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,23637,8404],{"class":145},[94,23639,149],{"class":108},[94,23641,23642],{"class":152},"item",[94,23644,316],{"class":108},[24,23646,23647],{},"If you want separate key and value, use two variables:",[85,23649,23651],{"className":87,"code":23650,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"for key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,23652,23653,23673],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,23654,23655,23657,23659,23661,23663,23665,23667,23669,23671],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,23656,6289],{"class":4221},[94,23658,1367],{"class":100},[94,23660,116],{"class":108},[94,23662,21915],{"class":100},[94,23664,4228],{"class":4221},[94,23666,13574],{"class":100},[94,23668,168],{"class":108},[94,23670,8144],{"class":152},[94,23672,21926],{"class":108},[94,23674,23675,23677,23679,23681,23683,23685],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,23676,8404],{"class":145},[94,23678,149],{"class":108},[94,23680,1142],{"class":152},[94,23682,116],{"class":108},[94,23684,8766],{"class":152},[94,23686,316],{"class":108},[265,23688,8786,23690,23692],{"id":23689},"expecting-items-to-return-a-regular-list",[15,23691,17407],{}," to return a regular list",[24,23694,23695,22306,23697,23699],{},[15,23696,17407],{},[15,23698,22239],{}," object, not a list.",[24,23701,23702],{},"Check it:",[85,23704,23706],{"className":87,"code":23705,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"my_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(my_dict.items())\nprint(type(my_dict.items()))\nprint(list(my_dict.items()))\n",[15,23707,23708,23740,23744,23758,23776],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,23709,23710,23712,23714,23716,23718,23720,23722,23724,23726,23728,23730,23732,23734,23736,23738],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,23711,12054],{"class":100},[94,23713,105],{"class":104},[94,23715,10823],{"class":108},[94,23717,332],{"class":331},[94,23719,434],{"class":335},[94,23721,332],{"class":331},[94,23723,384],{"class":108},[94,23725,119],{"class":112},[94,23727,116],{"class":108},[94,23729,1040],{"class":331},[94,23731,1937],{"class":335},[94,23733,332],{"class":331},[94,23735,384],{"class":108},[94,23737,124],{"class":112},[94,23739,9641],{"class":108},[94,23741,23742],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,23743,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,23745,23746,23748,23750,23752,23754,23756],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,23747,326],{"class":145},[94,23749,149],{"class":108},[94,23751,11779],{"class":152},[94,23753,168],{"class":108},[94,23755,8144],{"class":152},[94,23757,7527],{"class":108},[94,23759,23760,23762,23764,23766,23768,23770,23772,23774],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,23761,326],{"class":145},[94,23763,149],{"class":108},[94,23765,914],{"class":913},[94,23767,149],{"class":108},[94,23769,11779],{"class":152},[94,23771,168],{"class":108},[94,23773,8144],{"class":152},[94,23775,6622],{"class":108},[94,23777,23778,23780,23782,23784,23786,23788,23790,23792],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,23779,326],{"class":145},[94,23781,149],{"class":108},[94,23783,965],{"class":913},[94,23785,149],{"class":108},[94,23787,11779],{"class":152},[94,23789,168],{"class":108},[94,23791,8144],{"class":152},[94,23793,6622],{"class":108},[24,23795,23796],{},[43,23797,371],{},[85,23799,23801],{"className":87,"code":23800,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"dict_items([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_items'>\n[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\n",[15,23802,23803,23835,23849],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,23804,23805,23807,23809,23811,23813,23815,23817,23819,23821,23823,23825,23827,23829,23831,23833],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,23806,22239],{"class":152},[94,23808,9990],{"class":108},[94,23810,968],{"class":331},[94,23812,434],{"class":335},[94,23814,968],{"class":331},[94,23816,116],{"class":108},[94,23818,119],{"class":112},[94,23820,9566],{"class":108},[94,23822,854],{"class":108},[94,23824,968],{"class":331},[94,23826,1937],{"class":335},[94,23828,968],{"class":331},[94,23830,116],{"class":108},[94,23832,124],{"class":112},[94,23834,11009],{"class":108},[94,23836,23837,23839,23841,23843,23845,23847],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,23838,955],{"class":104},[94,23840,959],{"class":958},[94,23842,962],{"class":331},[94,23844,22239],{"class":335},[94,23846,968],{"class":331},[94,23848,971],{"class":104},[94,23850,23851,23853,23855,23857,23859,23861,23863,23865,23867,23869,23871,23873,23875,23877],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,23852,22071],{"class":108},[94,23854,968],{"class":331},[94,23856,434],{"class":335},[94,23858,968],{"class":331},[94,23860,116],{"class":108},[94,23862,119],{"class":112},[94,23864,9566],{"class":108},[94,23866,854],{"class":108},[94,23868,968],{"class":331},[94,23870,1937],{"class":335},[94,23872,968],{"class":331},[94,23874,116],{"class":108},[94,23876,124],{"class":112},[94,23878,9581],{"class":108},[265,23880,23882,23883],{"id":23881},"changing-the-dictionary-while-looping-over-items","Changing the dictionary while looping over ",[15,23884,17407],{},[24,23886,23887],{},"Be careful when changing a dictionary during iteration.",[24,23889,23890],{},"Problem example:",[85,23892,23894],{"className":87,"code":23893,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in numbers.items():\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n",[15,23895,23896,23940,23944,23964,23976],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,23897,23898,23900,23902,23904,23906,23908,23910,23912,23914,23916,23918,23920,23922,23924,23926,23928,23930,23932,23934,23936,23938],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,23899,101],{"class":100},[94,23901,105],{"class":104},[94,23903,10823],{"class":108},[94,23905,332],{"class":331},[94,23907,434],{"class":335},[94,23909,332],{"class":331},[94,23911,384],{"class":108},[94,23913,119],{"class":112},[94,23915,116],{"class":108},[94,23917,1040],{"class":331},[94,23919,1937],{"class":335},[94,23921,332],{"class":331},[94,23923,384],{"class":108},[94,23925,124],{"class":112},[94,23927,116],{"class":108},[94,23929,1040],{"class":331},[94,23931,1946],{"class":335},[94,23933,332],{"class":331},[94,23935,384],{"class":108},[94,23937,421],{"class":112},[94,23939,9641],{"class":108},[94,23941,23942],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,23943,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,23945,23946,23948,23950,23952,23954,23956,23958,23960,23962],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,23947,6289],{"class":4221},[94,23949,1367],{"class":100},[94,23951,116],{"class":108},[94,23953,21915],{"class":100},[94,23955,4228],{"class":4221},[94,23957,343],{"class":100},[94,23959,168],{"class":108},[94,23961,8144],{"class":152},[94,23963,21926],{"class":108},[94,23965,23966,23968,23970,23972,23974],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,23967,6731],{"class":4221},[94,23969,21915],{"class":100},[94,23971,5031],{"class":104},[94,23973,124],{"class":112},[94,23975,6726],{"class":108},[94,23977,23978,23981,23983,23985,23987,23989,23991,23993],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,23979,23980],{"class":100},"        numbers",[94,23982,539],{"class":108},[94,23984,332],{"class":331},[94,23986,19098],{"class":335},[94,23988,332],{"class":331},[94,23990,13600],{"class":108},[94,23992,13603],{"class":104},[94,23994,23995],{"class":112}," 4\n",[24,23997,23998],{},"Changing the dictionary size while looping can cause errors.",[24,24000,24001],{},"A safer approach is to loop over a copied list of items:",[85,24003,24005],{"className":87,"code":24004,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in list(numbers.items()):\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,24006,24007,24051,24055,24080,24092,24110,24114],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,24008,24009,24011,24013,24015,24017,24019,24021,24023,24025,24027,24029,24031,24033,24035,24037,24039,24041,24043,24045,24047,24049],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,24010,101],{"class":100},[94,24012,105],{"class":104},[94,24014,10823],{"class":108},[94,24016,332],{"class":331},[94,24018,434],{"class":335},[94,24020,332],{"class":331},[94,24022,384],{"class":108},[94,24024,119],{"class":112},[94,24026,116],{"class":108},[94,24028,1040],{"class":331},[94,24030,1937],{"class":335},[94,24032,332],{"class":331},[94,24034,384],{"class":108},[94,24036,124],{"class":112},[94,24038,116],{"class":108},[94,24040,1040],{"class":331},[94,24042,1946],{"class":335},[94,24044,332],{"class":331},[94,24046,384],{"class":108},[94,24048,421],{"class":112},[94,24050,9641],{"class":108},[94,24052,24053],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,24054,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,24056,24057,24059,24061,24063,24065,24067,24069,24071,24073,24075,24077],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,24058,6289],{"class":4221},[94,24060,1367],{"class":100},[94,24062,116],{"class":108},[94,24064,21915],{"class":100},[94,24066,4228],{"class":4221},[94,24068,22891],{"class":913},[94,24070,149],{"class":108},[94,24072,153],{"class":152},[94,24074,168],{"class":108},[94,24076,8144],{"class":152},[94,24078,24079],{"class":108},"()):\n",[94,24081,24082,24084,24086,24088,24090],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,24083,6731],{"class":4221},[94,24085,21915],{"class":100},[94,24087,5031],{"class":104},[94,24089,124],{"class":112},[94,24091,6726],{"class":108},[94,24093,24094,24096,24098,24100,24102,24104,24106,24108],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,24095,23980],{"class":100},[94,24097,539],{"class":108},[94,24099,332],{"class":331},[94,24101,19098],{"class":335},[94,24103,332],{"class":331},[94,24105,13600],{"class":108},[94,24107,13603],{"class":104},[94,24109,23995],{"class":112},[94,24111,24112],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,24113,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,24115,24116,24118,24120,24122],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,24117,326],{"class":145},[94,24119,149],{"class":108},[94,24121,153],{"class":152},[94,24123,316],{"class":108},[265,24125,24127],{"id":24126},"forgetting-that-each-result-is-a-key-value-pair","Forgetting that each result is a key-value pair",[24,24129,24130],{},"If you print each item directly, you will see tuples:",[85,24132,24134],{"className":87,"code":24133,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"data = {\"x\": 10, \"y\": 20}\n\nfor item in data.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,24135,24136,24168,24172,24188],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,24137,24138,24140,24142,24144,24146,24148,24150,24152,24154,24156,24158,24160,24162,24164,24166],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,24139,9499],{"class":100},[94,24141,105],{"class":104},[94,24143,10823],{"class":108},[94,24145,332],{"class":331},[94,24147,2531],{"class":335},[94,24149,332],{"class":331},[94,24151,384],{"class":108},[94,24153,6336],{"class":112},[94,24155,116],{"class":108},[94,24157,1040],{"class":331},[94,24159,12075],{"class":335},[94,24161,332],{"class":331},[94,24163,384],{"class":108},[94,24165,8124],{"class":112},[94,24167,9641],{"class":108},[94,24169,24170],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,24171,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,24173,24174,24176,24178,24180,24182,24184,24186],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,24175,6289],{"class":4221},[94,24177,6292],{"class":100},[94,24179,4228],{"class":4221},[94,24181,14894],{"class":100},[94,24183,168],{"class":108},[94,24185,8144],{"class":152},[94,24187,21926],{"class":108},[94,24189,24190,24192,24194,24196],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,24191,8404],{"class":145},[94,24193,149],{"class":108},[94,24195,23642],{"class":152},[94,24197,316],{"class":108},[24,24199,24200],{},[43,24201,371],{},[85,24203,24205],{"className":87,"code":24204,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"('x', 10)\n('y', 20)\n",[15,24206,24207,24223],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,24208,24209,24211,24213,24215,24217,24219,24221],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,24210,149],{"class":108},[94,24212,968],{"class":331},[94,24214,2531],{"class":335},[94,24216,968],{"class":331},[94,24218,116],{"class":108},[94,24220,6336],{"class":112},[94,24222,316],{"class":108},[94,24224,24225,24227,24229,24231,24233,24235,24237],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,24226,149],{"class":108},[94,24228,968],{"class":331},[94,24230,12075],{"class":335},[94,24232,968],{"class":331},[94,24234,116],{"class":108},[94,24236,8124],{"class":112},[94,24238,316],{"class":108},[24,24240,24241,24242,24244],{},"That is normal. Each item is one ",[15,24243,21986],{}," pair.",[80,24246,2160],{"id":2159},[265,24248,24250,24251,5482],{"id":24249},"what-does-dictionary-items-return-in-python","What does dictionary ",[15,24252,17407],{},[24,24254,17751,24255,24257],{},[15,24256,22239],{}," view containing key-value pairs as tuples.",[265,24259,13029,24261,24263],{"id":24260},"does-items-return-a-list",[15,24262,17407],{}," return a list?",[24,24265,24266,24267,24270],{},"No. It returns a view object. Use ",[15,24268,24269],{},"list(my_dict.items())"," if you need a list.",[265,24272,24274,24275,2170],{"id":24273},"can-i-loop-through-keys-and-values-with-items","Can I loop through keys and values with ",[15,24276,17407],{},[24,24278,24279],{},"Yes. Use this pattern:",[85,24281,24283],{"className":87,"code":24282,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"for key, value in my_dict.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,24284,24285,24305],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,24286,24287,24289,24291,24293,24295,24297,24299,24301,24303],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,24288,6289],{"class":4221},[94,24290,1367],{"class":100},[94,24292,116],{"class":108},[94,24294,21915],{"class":100},[94,24296,4228],{"class":4221},[94,24298,12096],{"class":100},[94,24300,168],{"class":108},[94,24302,8144],{"class":152},[94,24304,21926],{"class":108},[94,24306,24307,24309,24311,24313,24315,24317],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,24308,8404],{"class":145},[94,24310,149],{"class":108},[94,24312,1142],{"class":152},[94,24314,116],{"class":108},[94,24316,8766],{"class":152},[94,24318,316],{"class":108},[265,24320,13029,24322,24324],{"id":24321},"does-items-change-the-dictionary",[15,24323,17407],{}," change the dictionary?",[24,24326,24327],{},"No. It only gives you a way to access the pairs.",[80,24329,2232],{"id":2231},[28,24331,24332,24338,24344,24349,24353],{},[31,24333,24334],{},[434,24335,11066,24336,567],{"href":23218},[15,24337,17394],{},[31,24339,24340],{},[434,24341,11066,24342,567],{"href":23226},[15,24343,17400],{},[31,24345,24346],{},[434,24347,24348],{"href":22805},"How to loop through a dictionary in Python",[31,24350,24351],{},[434,24352,9489],{"href":13349},[31,24354,24355],{},[434,24356,24357],{"href":22109},"What is a dictionary in Python",[2260,24359,24360],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":90,"searchDepth":130,"depth":130,"links":24362},[24363,24364,24366,24367,24368,24370,24371,24373,24375,24384,24394],{"id":2360,"depth":130,"text":2361},{"id":21969,"depth":130,"text":24365},"What items() does",{"id":2513,"depth":130,"text":2514},{"id":22300,"depth":130,"text":22301},{"id":22526,"depth":130,"text":24369},"Looping with items()",{"id":22809,"depth":130,"text":22810},{"id":23001,"depth":130,"text":24372},"items() vs keys() vs values()",{"id":23236,"depth":130,"text":24374},"When to use items()",{"id":3185,"depth":130,"text":3186,"children":24376},[24377,24379,24381,24383],{"id":23431,"depth":137,"text":24378},"Trying to unpack items() incorrectly",{"id":23689,"depth":137,"text":24380},"Expecting items() to return a regular list",{"id":23881,"depth":137,"text":24382},"Changing the dictionary while looping over items()",{"id":24126,"depth":137,"text":24127},{"id":2159,"depth":130,"text":2160,"children":24385},[24386,24388,24390,24392],{"id":24249,"depth":137,"text":24387},"What does dictionary items() return in Python?",{"id":24260,"depth":137,"text":24389},"Does items() return a list?",{"id":24273,"depth":137,"text":24391},"Can I loop through keys and values with items()?",{"id":24321,"depth":137,"text":24393},"Does items() change the dictionary?",{"id":2231,"depth":130,"text":2232},"Master python dictionary items method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method",{"title":21838,"description":24395},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method","dz02pJ9l_vREwqXyX6imIcVo-A5kVMhXWIOii6zXDtM",{"id":24402,"title":24403,"body":24404,"description":26493,"extension":2319,"meta":26494,"navigation":133,"path":23218,"seo":26495,"stem":26496,"__hash__":26497},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method.md","Python Dictionary keys() Method",{"type":7,"value":24405,"toc":26459},[24406,24411,24417,24420,24431,24438,24440,24523,24527,24574,24579,24584,24589,24591,24607,24609,24708,24712,24769,24772,24774,24777,24870,24874,24937,24940,24956,24961,24963,24965,24980,24982,24993,24995,25038,25041,25084,25087,25089,25096,25099,25116,25118,25211,25215,25256,25268,25272,25275,25363,25367,25387,25390,25417,25424,25429,25433,25444,25446,25550,25554,25580,25583,25650,25655,25658,25681,25686,25690,25695,25701,25706,25708,25763,25767,25794,25801,25807,25810,25835,25841,25867,25870,25945,25952,25957,25959,25998,26016,26020,26023,26066,26069,26071,26090,26092,26097,26122,26125,26195,26198,26271,26275,26277,26338,26341,26356,26358,26363,26368,26375,26384,26390,26396,26403,26409,26413,26418,26420,26456],[10,24407,11647,24409,11651],{"id":24408},"python-dictionary-keys-method",[15,24410,17394],{},[24,24412,24413,24414,24416],{},"The Python dictionary ",[15,24415,17394],{}," method returns all keys from a dictionary.",[24,24418,24419],{},"It is useful when you want to:",[28,24421,24422,24425,24428],{},[31,24423,24424],{},"view the available keys",[31,24426,24427],{},"loop through dictionary keys",[31,24429,24430],{},"check what fields exist in a dictionary",[24,24432,24433,24435,24436,168],{},[15,24434,17394],{}," does not return a regular list. It returns a special object called ",[15,24437,17343],{},[80,24439,2361],{"id":2360},[85,24441,24443],{"className":87,"code":24442,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkeys = student.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\nprint(list(keys))\n",[15,24444,24445,24481,24495,24499,24509],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,24446,24447,24449,24451,24453,24455,24457,24459,24461,24463,24465,24467,24469,24471,24473,24475,24477,24479],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,24448,13189],{"class":100},[94,24450,105],{"class":104},[94,24452,10823],{"class":108},[94,24454,332],{"class":331},[94,24456,8001],{"class":335},[94,24458,332],{"class":331},[94,24460,384],{"class":108},[94,24462,1040],{"class":331},[94,24464,13206],{"class":335},[94,24466,332],{"class":331},[94,24468,116],{"class":108},[94,24470,1040],{"class":331},[94,24472,9631],{"class":335},[94,24474,332],{"class":331},[94,24476,384],{"class":108},[94,24478,8124],{"class":112},[94,24480,9641],{"class":108},[94,24482,24483,24485,24487,24489,24491,24493],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,24484,17571],{"class":100},[94,24486,105],{"class":104},[94,24488,13232],{"class":100},[94,24490,168],{"class":108},[94,24492,17252],{"class":152},[94,24494,511],{"class":108},[94,24496,24497],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,24498,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,24500,24501,24503,24505,24507],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,24502,326],{"class":145},[94,24504,149],{"class":108},[94,24506,17252],{"class":152},[94,24508,316],{"class":108},[94,24510,24511,24513,24515,24517,24519,24521],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,24512,326],{"class":145},[94,24514,149],{"class":108},[94,24516,965],{"class":913},[94,24518,149],{"class":108},[94,24520,17252],{"class":152},[94,24522,921],{"class":108},[24,24524,24525],{},[43,24526,371],{},[85,24528,24530],{"className":87,"code":24529,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n['name', 'age']\n",[15,24531,24532,24554],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,24533,24534,24536,24538,24540,24542,24544,24546,24548,24550,24552],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,24535,17343],{"class":152},[94,24537,3342],{"class":108},[94,24539,968],{"class":331},[94,24541,8001],{"class":335},[94,24543,968],{"class":331},[94,24545,116],{"class":108},[94,24547,962],{"class":331},[94,24549,9631],{"class":335},[94,24551,968],{"class":331},[94,24553,4234],{"class":108},[94,24555,24556,24558,24560,24562,24564,24566,24568,24570,24572],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,24557,539],{"class":108},[94,24559,968],{"class":331},[94,24561,8001],{"class":335},[94,24563,968],{"class":331},[94,24565,116],{"class":108},[94,24567,962],{"class":331},[94,24569,9631],{"class":335},[94,24571,968],{"class":331},[94,24573,127],{"class":108},[24,24575,54,24576,24578],{},[15,24577,17394],{}," to get a view of all dictionary keys. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list output.",[80,24580,215,24582,218],{"id":24581},"what-keys-does",[15,24583,17394],{},[24,24585,24586,24588],{},[15,24587,17394],{}," is a dictionary method that returns all keys from a dictionary.",[24,24590,11788],{},[28,24592,24593,24596,24599,24604],{},[31,24594,24595],{},"It returns all keys from a dictionary",[31,24597,24598],{},"It does not need any arguments",[31,24600,17751,24601,24603],{},[15,24602,17343],{}," view object, not a list",[31,24605,24606],{},"The view updates if the dictionary changes",[24,24608,2566],{},[85,24610,24612],{"className":87,"code":24611,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.keys())\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Paris\"\nprint(person.keys())\n",[15,24613,24614,24650,24654,24668,24672,24694],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,24615,24616,24618,24620,24622,24624,24626,24628,24630,24632,24634,24636,24638,24640,24642,24644,24646,24648],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,24617,13531],{"class":100},[94,24619,105],{"class":104},[94,24621,10823],{"class":108},[94,24623,332],{"class":331},[94,24625,8001],{"class":335},[94,24627,332],{"class":331},[94,24629,384],{"class":108},[94,24631,1040],{"class":331},[94,24633,13548],{"class":335},[94,24635,332],{"class":331},[94,24637,116],{"class":108},[94,24639,1040],{"class":331},[94,24641,9631],{"class":335},[94,24643,332],{"class":331},[94,24645,384],{"class":108},[94,24647,9638],{"class":112},[94,24649,9641],{"class":108},[94,24651,24652],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,24653,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,24655,24656,24658,24660,24662,24664,24666],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,24657,326],{"class":145},[94,24659,149],{"class":108},[94,24661,17636],{"class":152},[94,24663,168],{"class":108},[94,24665,17252],{"class":152},[94,24667,7527],{"class":108},[94,24669,24670],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,24671,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,24673,24674,24676,24678,24680,24682,24684,24686,24688,24690,24692],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,24675,17636],{"class":100},[94,24677,539],{"class":108},[94,24679,332],{"class":331},[94,24681,10741],{"class":335},[94,24683,332],{"class":331},[94,24685,13600],{"class":108},[94,24687,13603],{"class":104},[94,24689,1040],{"class":331},[94,24691,10748],{"class":335},[94,24693,1812],{"class":331},[94,24695,24696,24698,24700,24702,24704,24706],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,24697,326],{"class":145},[94,24699,149],{"class":108},[94,24701,17636],{"class":152},[94,24703,168],{"class":108},[94,24705,17252],{"class":152},[94,24707,7527],{"class":108},[24,24709,24710],{},[43,24711,371],{},[85,24713,24715],{"className":87,"code":24714,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_keys(['name', 'age', 'city'])\n",[15,24716,24717,24739],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,24718,24719,24721,24723,24725,24727,24729,24731,24733,24735,24737],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,24720,17343],{"class":152},[94,24722,3342],{"class":108},[94,24724,968],{"class":331},[94,24726,8001],{"class":335},[94,24728,968],{"class":331},[94,24730,116],{"class":108},[94,24732,962],{"class":331},[94,24734,9631],{"class":335},[94,24736,968],{"class":331},[94,24738,4234],{"class":108},[94,24740,24741,24743,24745,24747,24749,24751,24753,24755,24757,24759,24761,24763,24765,24767],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,24742,17343],{"class":152},[94,24744,3342],{"class":108},[94,24746,968],{"class":331},[94,24748,8001],{"class":335},[94,24750,968],{"class":331},[94,24752,116],{"class":108},[94,24754,962],{"class":331},[94,24756,9631],{"class":335},[94,24758,968],{"class":331},[94,24760,116],{"class":108},[94,24762,962],{"class":331},[94,24764,10741],{"class":335},[94,24766,968],{"class":331},[94,24768,4234],{"class":108},[24,24770,24771],{},"Notice that the result updates after the dictionary changes.",[80,24773,6118],{"id":6117},[24,24775,24776],{},"Here is a simple example with a small dictionary:",[85,24778,24780],{"className":87,"code":24779,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"grade\": \"A\"}\n\nprint(data.keys())\nprint(list(data.keys()))\n",[15,24781,24782,24834,24838,24852],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,24783,24784,24786,24788,24790,24792,24794,24796,24798,24800,24802,24804,24806,24808,24810,24812,24814,24816,24818,24820,24822,24824,24826,24828,24830,24832],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,24785,9499],{"class":100},[94,24787,105],{"class":104},[94,24789,10823],{"class":108},[94,24791,332],{"class":331},[94,24793,8001],{"class":335},[94,24795,332],{"class":331},[94,24797,384],{"class":108},[94,24799,1040],{"class":331},[94,24801,13206],{"class":335},[94,24803,332],{"class":331},[94,24805,116],{"class":108},[94,24807,1040],{"class":331},[94,24809,9631],{"class":335},[94,24811,332],{"class":331},[94,24813,384],{"class":108},[94,24815,8124],{"class":112},[94,24817,116],{"class":108},[94,24819,1040],{"class":331},[94,24821,20222],{"class":335},[94,24823,332],{"class":331},[94,24825,384],{"class":108},[94,24827,1040],{"class":331},[94,24829,22576],{"class":335},[94,24831,332],{"class":331},[94,24833,9641],{"class":108},[94,24835,24836],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,24837,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,24839,24840,24842,24844,24846,24848,24850],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,24841,326],{"class":145},[94,24843,149],{"class":108},[94,24845,9537],{"class":152},[94,24847,168],{"class":108},[94,24849,17252],{"class":152},[94,24851,7527],{"class":108},[94,24853,24854,24856,24858,24860,24862,24864,24866,24868],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,24855,326],{"class":145},[94,24857,149],{"class":108},[94,24859,965],{"class":913},[94,24861,149],{"class":108},[94,24863,9537],{"class":152},[94,24865,168],{"class":108},[94,24867,17252],{"class":152},[94,24869,6622],{"class":108},[24,24871,24872],{},[43,24873,371],{},[85,24875,24877],{"className":87,"code":24876,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"dict_keys(['name', 'age', 'grade'])\n['name', 'age', 'grade']\n",[15,24878,24879,24909],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,24880,24881,24883,24885,24887,24889,24891,24893,24895,24897,24899,24901,24903,24905,24907],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,24882,17343],{"class":152},[94,24884,3342],{"class":108},[94,24886,968],{"class":331},[94,24888,8001],{"class":335},[94,24890,968],{"class":331},[94,24892,116],{"class":108},[94,24894,962],{"class":331},[94,24896,9631],{"class":335},[94,24898,968],{"class":331},[94,24900,116],{"class":108},[94,24902,962],{"class":331},[94,24904,20222],{"class":335},[94,24906,968],{"class":331},[94,24908,4234],{"class":108},[94,24910,24911,24913,24915,24917,24919,24921,24923,24925,24927,24929,24931,24933,24935],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,24912,539],{"class":108},[94,24914,968],{"class":331},[94,24916,8001],{"class":335},[94,24918,968],{"class":331},[94,24920,116],{"class":108},[94,24922,962],{"class":331},[94,24924,9631],{"class":335},[94,24926,968],{"class":331},[94,24928,116],{"class":108},[94,24930,962],{"class":331},[94,24932,20222],{"class":335},[94,24934,968],{"class":331},[94,24936,127],{"class":108},[24,24938,24939],{},"This shows two things:",[28,24941,24942,24950],{},[31,24943,24944,22306,24947,24949],{},[15,24945,24946],{},"data.keys()",[15,24948,17343],{}," object",[31,24951,24952,24955],{},[15,24953,24954],{},"list(data.keys())"," converts it into a regular list",[24,24957,9485,24958,168],{},[434,24959,24960],{"href":9723},"how to create a dictionary in Python",[80,24962,5763],{"id":5762},[24,24964,2517],{},[85,24966,24968],{"className":87,"code":24967,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"my_dict.keys()\n",[15,24969,24970],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,24971,24972,24974,24976,24978],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,24973,11779],{"class":100},[94,24975,168],{"class":108},[94,24977,17252],{"class":152},[94,24979,511],{"class":108},[24,24981,22131],{},[28,24983,24984,24987,24990],{},[31,24985,24986],{},"It works only on dictionaries",[31,24988,24989],{},"It takes no parameters",[31,24991,24992],{},"You must include the parentheses",[24,24994,16984],{},[85,24996,24998],{"className":87,"code":24997,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys())\n",[15,24999,25000,25024],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,25001,25002,25004,25006,25008,25010,25012,25014,25016,25018,25020,25022],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,25003,13189],{"class":100},[94,25005,105],{"class":104},[94,25007,10823],{"class":108},[94,25009,332],{"class":331},[94,25011,8001],{"class":335},[94,25013,332],{"class":331},[94,25015,384],{"class":108},[94,25017,1040],{"class":331},[94,25019,13206],{"class":335},[94,25021,332],{"class":331},[94,25023,9641],{"class":108},[94,25025,25026,25028,25030,25032,25034,25036],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,25027,326],{"class":145},[94,25029,149],{"class":108},[94,25031,13953],{"class":152},[94,25033,168],{"class":108},[94,25035,17252],{"class":152},[94,25037,7527],{"class":108},[24,25039,25040],{},"Incorrect:",[85,25042,25044],{"className":87,"code":25043,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys)\n",[15,25045,25046,25070],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,25047,25048,25050,25052,25054,25056,25058,25060,25062,25064,25066,25068],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,25049,13189],{"class":100},[94,25051,105],{"class":104},[94,25053,10823],{"class":108},[94,25055,332],{"class":331},[94,25057,8001],{"class":335},[94,25059,332],{"class":331},[94,25061,384],{"class":108},[94,25063,1040],{"class":331},[94,25065,13206],{"class":335},[94,25067,332],{"class":331},[94,25069,9641],{"class":108},[94,25071,25072,25074,25076,25078,25080,25082],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,25073,326],{"class":145},[94,25075,149],{"class":108},[94,25077,13953],{"class":152},[94,25079,168],{"class":108},[94,25081,17252],{"class":1377},[94,25083,316],{"class":108},[24,25085,25086],{},"Without parentheses, you are referring to the method itself, not calling it.",[80,25088,17748],{"id":17747},[24,25090,25091,22306,25093,25095],{},[15,25092,17394],{},[15,25094,17343],{}," object.",[24,25097,25098],{},"This object:",[28,25100,25101,25104,25107,25113],{},[31,25102,25103],{},"contains all keys in the dictionary",[31,25105,25106],{},"can be used in a loop",[31,25108,25109,25110],{},"can be converted with ",[15,25111,25112],{},"list()",[31,25114,25115],{},"is useful when checking available keys",[24,25117,2566],{},[85,25119,25121],{"className":87,"code":25120,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2020}\n\nresult = car.keys()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,25122,25123,25164,25168,25183,25187,25197],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,25124,25125,25128,25130,25132,25134,25137,25139,25141,25143,25146,25148,25150,25152,25155,25157,25159,25162],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,25126,25127],{"class":100},"car ",[94,25129,105],{"class":104},[94,25131,10823],{"class":108},[94,25133,332],{"class":331},[94,25135,25136],{"class":335},"brand",[94,25138,332],{"class":331},[94,25140,384],{"class":108},[94,25142,1040],{"class":331},[94,25144,25145],{"class":335},"Toyota",[94,25147,332],{"class":331},[94,25149,116],{"class":108},[94,25151,1040],{"class":331},[94,25153,25154],{"class":335},"year",[94,25156,332],{"class":331},[94,25158,384],{"class":108},[94,25160,25161],{"class":112}," 2020",[94,25163,9641],{"class":108},[94,25165,25166],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,25167,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,25169,25170,25172,25174,25177,25179,25181],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,25171,305],{"class":100},[94,25173,105],{"class":104},[94,25175,25176],{"class":100}," car",[94,25178,168],{"class":108},[94,25180,17252],{"class":152},[94,25182,511],{"class":108},[94,25184,25185],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,25186,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,25188,25189,25191,25193,25195],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,25190,326],{"class":145},[94,25192,149],{"class":108},[94,25194,902],{"class":152},[94,25196,316],{"class":108},[94,25198,25199,25201,25203,25205,25207,25209],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,25200,326],{"class":145},[94,25202,149],{"class":108},[94,25204,914],{"class":913},[94,25206,149],{"class":108},[94,25208,902],{"class":152},[94,25210,921],{"class":108},[24,25212,25213],{},[43,25214,371],{},[85,25216,25218],{"className":87,"code":25217,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"dict_keys(['brand', 'year'])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_keys'>\n",[15,25219,25220,25242],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,25221,25222,25224,25226,25228,25230,25232,25234,25236,25238,25240],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,25223,17343],{"class":152},[94,25225,3342],{"class":108},[94,25227,968],{"class":331},[94,25229,25136],{"class":335},[94,25231,968],{"class":331},[94,25233,116],{"class":108},[94,25235,962],{"class":331},[94,25237,25154],{"class":335},[94,25239,968],{"class":331},[94,25241,4234],{"class":108},[94,25243,25244,25246,25248,25250,25252,25254],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,25245,955],{"class":104},[94,25247,959],{"class":958},[94,25249,962],{"class":331},[94,25251,17343],{"class":335},[94,25253,968],{"class":331},[94,25255,971],{"class":104},[24,25257,25258,25259,25263,25264,168],{},"If you want dictionary values instead, see the ",[434,25260,11066,25261,567],{"href":17397},[15,25262,17400],{},". If you want both keys and values together, see the ",[434,25265,11066,25266,567],{"href":17404},[15,25267,17407],{},[80,25269,25271],{"id":25270},"looping-through-dictionary-keys","Looping through dictionary keys",[24,25273,25274],{},"You can loop through the keys like this:",[85,25276,25278],{"className":87,"code":25277,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"course\": \"Math\"}\n\nfor key in student.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,25279,25280,25333,25337,25353],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,25281,25282,25284,25286,25288,25290,25292,25294,25296,25298,25300,25302,25304,25306,25308,25310,25312,25314,25316,25318,25320,25322,25324,25326,25329,25331],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,25283,13189],{"class":100},[94,25285,105],{"class":104},[94,25287,10823],{"class":108},[94,25289,332],{"class":331},[94,25291,8001],{"class":335},[94,25293,332],{"class":331},[94,25295,384],{"class":108},[94,25297,1040],{"class":331},[94,25299,13206],{"class":335},[94,25301,332],{"class":331},[94,25303,116],{"class":108},[94,25305,1040],{"class":331},[94,25307,9631],{"class":335},[94,25309,332],{"class":331},[94,25311,384],{"class":108},[94,25313,8124],{"class":112},[94,25315,116],{"class":108},[94,25317,1040],{"class":331},[94,25319,15656],{"class":335},[94,25321,332],{"class":331},[94,25323,384],{"class":108},[94,25325,1040],{"class":331},[94,25327,25328],{"class":335},"Math",[94,25330,332],{"class":331},[94,25332,9641],{"class":108},[94,25334,25335],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,25336,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,25338,25339,25341,25343,25345,25347,25349,25351],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,25340,6289],{"class":4221},[94,25342,18539],{"class":100},[94,25344,4228],{"class":4221},[94,25346,13232],{"class":100},[94,25348,168],{"class":108},[94,25350,17252],{"class":152},[94,25352,21926],{"class":108},[94,25354,25355,25357,25359,25361],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,25356,8404],{"class":145},[94,25358,149],{"class":108},[94,25360,1142],{"class":152},[94,25362,316],{"class":108},[24,25364,25365],{},[43,25366,371],{},[85,25368,25370],{"className":87,"code":25369,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"name\nage\ncourse\n",[15,25371,25372,25377,25382],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,25373,25374],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,25375,25376],{"class":100},"name\n",[94,25378,25379],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,25380,25381],{"class":100},"age\n",[94,25383,25384],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,25385,25386],{"class":100},"course\n",[24,25388,25389],{},"In most cases, this also works:",[85,25391,25393],{"className":87,"code":25392,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"for key in student:\n    print(key)\n",[15,25394,25395,25407],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,25396,25397,25399,25401,25403,25405],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,25398,6289],{"class":4221},[94,25400,18539],{"class":100},[94,25402,4228],{"class":4221},[94,25404,13232],{"class":100},[94,25406,6726],{"class":108},[94,25408,25409,25411,25413,25415],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,25410,8404],{"class":145},[94,25412,149],{"class":108},[94,25414,1142],{"class":152},[94,25416,316],{"class":108},[24,25418,25419,25420,25423],{},"Both are valid. For beginners, ",[15,25421,25422],{},"student.keys()"," is more explicit because it clearly shows that you are looping through keys.",[80,25425,815,25427],{"id":25426},"when-to-use-keys",[15,25428,17394],{},[24,25430,54,25431,822],{},[15,25432,17394],{},[28,25434,25435,25438,25441],{},[31,25436,25437],{},"you only need the dictionary keys",[31,25439,25440],{},"you want to display available fields",[31,25442,25443],{},"you want to inspect what keys exist in a dictionary",[24,25445,2566],{},[85,25447,25449],{"className":87,"code":25448,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99, \"stock\": 5}\n\nprint(\"Available fields:\")\nfor key in product.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,25450,25451,25504,25508,25523,25540],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,25452,25453,25456,25458,25460,25462,25464,25466,25468,25470,25473,25475,25477,25479,25482,25484,25486,25489,25491,25493,25496,25498,25500,25502],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,25454,25455],{"class":100},"product ",[94,25457,105],{"class":104},[94,25459,10823],{"class":108},[94,25461,332],{"class":331},[94,25463,8001],{"class":335},[94,25465,332],{"class":331},[94,25467,384],{"class":108},[94,25469,1040],{"class":331},[94,25471,25472],{"class":335},"Book",[94,25474,332],{"class":331},[94,25476,116],{"class":108},[94,25478,1040],{"class":331},[94,25480,25481],{"class":335},"price",[94,25483,332],{"class":331},[94,25485,384],{"class":108},[94,25487,25488],{"class":112}," 12.99",[94,25490,116],{"class":108},[94,25492,1040],{"class":331},[94,25494,25495],{"class":335},"stock",[94,25497,332],{"class":331},[94,25499,384],{"class":108},[94,25501,772],{"class":112},[94,25503,9641],{"class":108},[94,25505,25506],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,25507,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,25509,25510,25512,25514,25516,25519,25521],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,25511,326],{"class":145},[94,25513,149],{"class":108},[94,25515,332],{"class":331},[94,25517,25518],{"class":335},"Available fields:",[94,25520,332],{"class":331},[94,25522,316],{"class":108},[94,25524,25525,25527,25529,25531,25534,25536,25538],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,25526,6289],{"class":4221},[94,25528,18539],{"class":100},[94,25530,4228],{"class":4221},[94,25532,25533],{"class":100}," product",[94,25535,168],{"class":108},[94,25537,17252],{"class":152},[94,25539,21926],{"class":108},[94,25541,25542,25544,25546,25548],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,25543,8404],{"class":145},[94,25545,149],{"class":108},[94,25547,1142],{"class":152},[94,25549,316],{"class":108},[24,25551,25552],{},[43,25553,371],{},[85,25555,25557],{"className":87,"code":25556,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"Available fields:\nname\nprice\nstock\n",[15,25558,25559,25566,25570,25575],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,25560,25561,25564],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,25562,25563],{"class":100},"Available fields",[94,25565,6726],{"class":108},[94,25567,25568],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,25569,25376],{"class":100},[94,25571,25572],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,25573,25574],{"class":100},"price\n",[94,25576,25577],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,25578,25579],{"class":100},"stock\n",[24,25581,25582],{},"You may also see membership checks like this:",[85,25584,25586],{"className":87,"code":25585,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99}\n\nprint(\"name\" in product.keys())\n",[15,25587,25588,25624,25628],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,25589,25590,25592,25594,25596,25598,25600,25602,25604,25606,25608,25610,25612,25614,25616,25618,25620,25622],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,25591,25455],{"class":100},[94,25593,105],{"class":104},[94,25595,10823],{"class":108},[94,25597,332],{"class":331},[94,25599,8001],{"class":335},[94,25601,332],{"class":331},[94,25603,384],{"class":108},[94,25605,1040],{"class":331},[94,25607,25472],{"class":335},[94,25609,332],{"class":331},[94,25611,116],{"class":108},[94,25613,1040],{"class":331},[94,25615,25481],{"class":335},[94,25617,332],{"class":331},[94,25619,384],{"class":108},[94,25621,25488],{"class":112},[94,25623,9641],{"class":108},[94,25625,25626],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,25627,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,25629,25630,25632,25634,25636,25638,25640,25642,25644,25646,25648],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,25631,326],{"class":145},[94,25633,149],{"class":108},[94,25635,332],{"class":331},[94,25637,8001],{"class":335},[94,25639,332],{"class":331},[94,25641,21505],{"class":4221},[94,25643,25533],{"class":152},[94,25645,168],{"class":108},[94,25647,17252],{"class":152},[94,25649,7527],{"class":108},[24,25651,25652,25653,168],{},"This works and returns ",[15,25654,1225],{},[24,25656,25657],{},"However, this is usually simpler:",[85,25659,25661],{"className":87,"code":25660,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(\"name\" in product)\n",[15,25662,25663],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,25664,25665,25667,25669,25671,25673,25675,25677,25679],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,25666,326],{"class":145},[94,25668,149],{"class":108},[94,25670,332],{"class":331},[94,25672,8001],{"class":335},[94,25674,332],{"class":331},[94,25676,21505],{"class":4221},[94,25678,25533],{"class":152},[94,25680,316],{"class":108},[24,25682,25683,25684,168],{},"If you want to learn that pattern, see ",[434,25685,21538],{"href":17482},[80,25687,25689],{"id":25688},"common-beginner-confusion","Common beginner confusion",[24,25691,25692,25693,168],{},"Here are some common mistakes beginners make with ",[15,25694,17394],{},[265,25696,8786,25698,25700],{"id":25697},"expecting-keys-to-return-key-value-pairs",[15,25699,17394],{}," to return key-value pairs",[24,25702,25703,25705],{},[15,25704,17394],{}," returns only the keys.",[24,25707,2566],{},[85,25709,25711],{"className":87,"code":25710,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(data.keys())\n",[15,25712,25713,25749],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,25714,25715,25717,25719,25721,25723,25725,25727,25729,25731,25733,25735,25737,25739,25741,25743,25745,25747],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,25716,9499],{"class":100},[94,25718,105],{"class":104},[94,25720,10823],{"class":108},[94,25722,332],{"class":331},[94,25724,8001],{"class":335},[94,25726,332],{"class":331},[94,25728,384],{"class":108},[94,25730,1040],{"class":331},[94,25732,13206],{"class":335},[94,25734,332],{"class":331},[94,25736,116],{"class":108},[94,25738,1040],{"class":331},[94,25740,9631],{"class":335},[94,25742,332],{"class":331},[94,25744,384],{"class":108},[94,25746,8124],{"class":112},[94,25748,9641],{"class":108},[94,25750,25751,25753,25755,25757,25759,25761],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,25752,326],{"class":145},[94,25754,149],{"class":108},[94,25756,9537],{"class":152},[94,25758,168],{"class":108},[94,25760,17252],{"class":152},[94,25762,7527],{"class":108},[24,25764,25765],{},[43,25766,371],{},[85,25768,25770],{"className":87,"code":25769,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n",[15,25771,25772],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,25773,25774,25776,25778,25780,25782,25784,25786,25788,25790,25792],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,25775,17343],{"class":152},[94,25777,3342],{"class":108},[94,25779,968],{"class":331},[94,25781,8001],{"class":335},[94,25783,968],{"class":331},[94,25785,116],{"class":108},[94,25787,962],{"class":331},[94,25789,9631],{"class":335},[94,25791,968],{"class":331},[94,25793,4234],{"class":108},[24,25795,25796,25797,168],{},"If you want both keys and values, use ",[434,25798,25799],{"href":17404},[15,25800,17407],{},[265,25802,25804,25805],{"id":25803},"expecting-a-list-instead-of-dict_keys","Expecting a list instead of ",[15,25806,17343],{},[24,25808,25809],{},"Many beginners expect this:",[85,25811,25813],{"className":87,"code":25812,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"['name', 'age']\n",[15,25814,25815],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,25816,25817,25819,25821,25823,25825,25827,25829,25831,25833],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,25818,539],{"class":108},[94,25820,968],{"class":331},[94,25822,8001],{"class":335},[94,25824,968],{"class":331},[94,25826,116],{"class":108},[94,25828,962],{"class":331},[94,25830,9631],{"class":335},[94,25832,968],{"class":331},[94,25834,127],{"class":108},[24,25836,25837,25838,25840],{},"But ",[15,25839,17394],{}," returns:",[85,25842,25843],{"className":87,"code":25769,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,25844,25845],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,25846,25847,25849,25851,25853,25855,25857,25859,25861,25863,25865],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,25848,17343],{"class":152},[94,25850,3342],{"class":108},[94,25852,968],{"class":331},[94,25854,8001],{"class":335},[94,25856,968],{"class":331},[94,25858,116],{"class":108},[94,25860,962],{"class":331},[94,25862,9631],{"class":335},[94,25864,968],{"class":331},[94,25866,4234],{"class":108},[24,25868,25869],{},"If you need a real list, convert it:",[85,25871,25873],{"className":87,"code":25872,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkey_list = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(key_list)\n",[15,25874,25875,25911,25930,25934],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,25876,25877,25879,25881,25883,25885,25887,25889,25891,25893,25895,25897,25899,25901,25903,25905,25907,25909],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,25878,9499],{"class":100},[94,25880,105],{"class":104},[94,25882,10823],{"class":108},[94,25884,332],{"class":331},[94,25886,8001],{"class":335},[94,25888,332],{"class":331},[94,25890,384],{"class":108},[94,25892,1040],{"class":331},[94,25894,13206],{"class":335},[94,25896,332],{"class":331},[94,25898,116],{"class":108},[94,25900,1040],{"class":331},[94,25902,9631],{"class":335},[94,25904,332],{"class":331},[94,25906,384],{"class":108},[94,25908,8124],{"class":112},[94,25910,9641],{"class":108},[94,25912,25913,25916,25918,25920,25922,25924,25926,25928],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,25914,25915],{"class":100},"key_list ",[94,25917,105],{"class":104},[94,25919,22891],{"class":913},[94,25921,149],{"class":108},[94,25923,9537],{"class":152},[94,25925,168],{"class":108},[94,25927,17252],{"class":152},[94,25929,7527],{"class":108},[94,25931,25932],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,25933,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,25935,25936,25938,25940,25943],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,25937,326],{"class":145},[94,25939,149],{"class":108},[94,25941,25942],{"class":152},"key_list",[94,25944,316],{"class":108},[265,25946,25948,25949,25951],{"id":25947},"trying-to-use-keys-on-a-list-or-string","Trying to use ",[15,25950,17394],{}," on a list or string",[24,25953,25954,25956],{},[15,25955,17394],{}," only works on dictionaries.",[24,25958,3193],{},[85,25960,25962],{"className":87,"code":25961,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.keys())\n",[15,25963,25964,25984],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,25965,25966,25968,25970,25972,25974,25976,25978,25980,25982],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,25967,101],{"class":100},[94,25969,105],{"class":104},[94,25971,109],{"class":108},[94,25973,412],{"class":112},[94,25975,116],{"class":108},[94,25977,124],{"class":112},[94,25979,116],{"class":108},[94,25981,421],{"class":112},[94,25983,127],{"class":108},[94,25985,25986,25988,25990,25992,25994,25996],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,25987,326],{"class":145},[94,25989,149],{"class":108},[94,25991,153],{"class":152},[94,25993,168],{"class":108},[94,25995,17252],{"class":152},[94,25997,7527],{"class":108},[24,25999,26000,26001,26004,26005,26007,26008,168],{},"You may get an ",[15,26002,26003],{},"AttributeError"," because lists do not have a ",[15,26006,17394],{}," method. If that happens, see ",[434,26009,26011,26012,26015],{"href":26010},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","how to fix ",[15,26013,26014],{},"'object has no attribute'"," errors in Python",[265,26017,26019],{"id":26018},"forgetting-parentheses","Forgetting parentheses",[24,26021,26022],{},"This is a very common mistake:",[85,26024,26026],{"className":87,"code":26025,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(data.keys)\n",[15,26027,26028,26052],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,26029,26030,26032,26034,26036,26038,26040,26042,26044,26046,26048,26050],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,26031,9499],{"class":100},[94,26033,105],{"class":104},[94,26035,10823],{"class":108},[94,26037,332],{"class":331},[94,26039,8001],{"class":335},[94,26041,332],{"class":331},[94,26043,384],{"class":108},[94,26045,1040],{"class":331},[94,26047,13206],{"class":335},[94,26049,332],{"class":331},[94,26051,9641],{"class":108},[94,26053,26054,26056,26058,26060,26062,26064],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,26055,326],{"class":145},[94,26057,149],{"class":108},[94,26059,9537],{"class":152},[94,26061,168],{"class":108},[94,26063,17252],{"class":1377},[94,26065,316],{"class":108},[24,26067,26068],{},"That prints the method object, not the keys.",[24,26070,19025],{},[85,26072,26074],{"className":87,"code":26073,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(data.keys())\n",[15,26075,26076],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,26077,26078,26080,26082,26084,26086,26088],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,26079,326],{"class":145},[94,26081,149],{"class":108},[94,26083,9537],{"class":152},[94,26085,168],{"class":108},[94,26087,17252],{"class":152},[94,26089,7527],{"class":108},[80,26091,3186],{"id":3185},[24,26093,26094,26095,384],{},"These are the most common problems related to ",[15,26096,17394],{},[28,26098,26099,26104,26110,26116],{},[31,26100,1484,26101,26103],{},[15,26102,17394],{}," on a non-dictionary object",[31,26105,26106,26107,26109],{},"Thinking ",[15,26108,17394],{}," returns values too",[31,26111,26112,26113,26115],{},"Trying to index ",[15,26114,17343],{}," like a normal list",[31,26117,26118,26119,26121],{},"Forgetting to convert ",[15,26120,17343],{}," to a list when needed",[24,26123,26124],{},"For example, this may not work the way you expect:",[85,26126,26128],{"className":87,"code":26127,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = data.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\n# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[15,26129,26130,26162,26176,26180,26190],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,26131,26132,26134,26136,26138,26140,26142,26144,26146,26148,26150,26152,26154,26156,26158,26160],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,26133,9499],{"class":100},[94,26135,105],{"class":104},[94,26137,10823],{"class":108},[94,26139,332],{"class":331},[94,26141,434],{"class":335},[94,26143,332],{"class":331},[94,26145,384],{"class":108},[94,26147,119],{"class":112},[94,26149,116],{"class":108},[94,26151,1040],{"class":331},[94,26153,1937],{"class":335},[94,26155,332],{"class":331},[94,26157,384],{"class":108},[94,26159,124],{"class":112},[94,26161,9641],{"class":108},[94,26163,26164,26166,26168,26170,26172,26174],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,26165,17571],{"class":100},[94,26167,105],{"class":104},[94,26169,14894],{"class":100},[94,26171,168],{"class":108},[94,26173,17252],{"class":152},[94,26175,511],{"class":108},[94,26177,26178],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,26179,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,26181,26182,26184,26186,26188],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,26183,326],{"class":145},[94,26185,149],{"class":108},[94,26187,17252],{"class":152},[94,26189,316],{"class":108},[94,26191,26192],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,26193,26194],{"class":159},"# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[24,26196,26197],{},"If you need indexing, convert first:",[85,26199,26201],{"className":87,"code":26200,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(keys[0])\n",[15,26202,26203,26235,26253,26257],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,26204,26205,26207,26209,26211,26213,26215,26217,26219,26221,26223,26225,26227,26229,26231,26233],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,26206,9499],{"class":100},[94,26208,105],{"class":104},[94,26210,10823],{"class":108},[94,26212,332],{"class":331},[94,26214,434],{"class":335},[94,26216,332],{"class":331},[94,26218,384],{"class":108},[94,26220,119],{"class":112},[94,26222,116],{"class":108},[94,26224,1040],{"class":331},[94,26226,1937],{"class":335},[94,26228,332],{"class":331},[94,26230,384],{"class":108},[94,26232,124],{"class":112},[94,26234,9641],{"class":108},[94,26236,26237,26239,26241,26243,26245,26247,26249,26251],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,26238,17571],{"class":100},[94,26240,105],{"class":104},[94,26242,22891],{"class":913},[94,26244,149],{"class":108},[94,26246,9537],{"class":152},[94,26248,168],{"class":108},[94,26250,17252],{"class":152},[94,26252,7527],{"class":108},[94,26254,26255],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,26256,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,26258,26259,26261,26263,26265,26267,26269],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,26260,326],{"class":145},[94,26262,149],{"class":108},[94,26264,17252],{"class":152},[94,26266,539],{"class":108},[94,26268,2476],{"class":112},[94,26270,4234],{"class":108},[80,26272,26274],{"id":26273},"debugging-tips","Debugging tips",[24,26276,11441],{},[85,26278,26280],{"className":87,"code":26279,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(list(my_dict.keys()))\n",[15,26281,26282,26296,26306,26320],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,26283,26284,26286,26288,26290,26292,26294],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,26285,326],{"class":145},[94,26287,149],{"class":108},[94,26289,914],{"class":913},[94,26291,149],{"class":108},[94,26293,11779],{"class":152},[94,26295,921],{"class":108},[94,26297,26298,26300,26302,26304],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,26299,326],{"class":145},[94,26301,149],{"class":108},[94,26303,11779],{"class":152},[94,26305,316],{"class":108},[94,26307,26308,26310,26312,26314,26316,26318],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,26309,326],{"class":145},[94,26311,149],{"class":108},[94,26313,11779],{"class":152},[94,26315,168],{"class":108},[94,26317,17252],{"class":152},[94,26319,7527],{"class":108},[94,26321,26322,26324,26326,26328,26330,26332,26334,26336],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,26323,326],{"class":145},[94,26325,149],{"class":108},[94,26327,965],{"class":913},[94,26329,149],{"class":108},[94,26331,11779],{"class":152},[94,26333,168],{"class":108},[94,26335,17252],{"class":152},[94,26337,6622],{"class":108},[24,26339,26340],{},"These help you confirm:",[28,26342,26343,26346,26349,26353],{},[31,26344,26345],{},"whether the variable is really a dictionary",[31,26347,26348],{},"what data it contains",[31,26350,2111,26351,2114],{},[15,26352,17394],{},[31,26354,26355],{},"what the keys look like as a list",[80,26357,2160],{"id":2159},[265,26359,24250,26361,5482],{"id":26360},"what-does-dictionary-keys-return-in-python",[15,26362,17394],{},[24,26364,17751,26365,26367],{},[15,26366,17343],{}," view object containing all keys in the dictionary.",[265,26369,15230,26371,26374],{"id":26370},"is-dictkeys-a-list",[15,26372,26373],{},"dict.keys()"," a list?",[24,26376,26377,26378,26380,26381,168],{},"No. It returns a ",[15,26379,17343],{}," object. You can convert it with ",[15,26382,26383],{},"list(dict.keys())",[265,26385,26387,26388,2170],{"id":26386},"can-i-loop-through-dictkeys","Can I loop through ",[15,26389,26373],{},[24,26391,26392,26393,26395],{},"Yes. You can use it in a ",[15,26394,6289],{}," loop.",[265,26397,26399,26400,26402],{"id":26398},"do-i-need-to-use-keys-to-loop-through-a-dictionary","Do I need to use ",[15,26401,17394],{}," to loop through a dictionary?",[24,26404,26405,26406,26408],{},"No. You can loop directly over the dictionary, but ",[15,26407,17394],{}," makes your intent clearer.",[265,26410,26412],{"id":26411},"how-do-i-get-the-keys-as-a-list","How do I get the keys as a list?",[24,26414,54,26415,168],{},[15,26416,26417],{},"list(my_dict.keys())",[80,26419,2232],{"id":2231},[28,26421,26422,26427,26433,26439,26445,26449],{},[31,26423,26424],{},[434,26425,26426],{"href":9723},"How to create a dictionary in Python",[31,26428,26429],{},[434,26430,11066,26431,567],{"href":17397},[15,26432,17400],{},[31,26434,26435],{},[434,26436,11066,26437,567],{"href":17404},[15,26438,17407],{},[31,26440,26441],{},[434,26442,26444],{"href":26443},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-keys-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all keys from a dictionary in Python",[31,26446,26447],{},[434,26448,17483],{"href":17482},[31,26450,26451],{},[434,26452,26453,26454,26015],{"href":26010},"How to fix ",[15,26455,26014],{},[2260,26457,26458],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":90,"searchDepth":130,"depth":130,"links":26460},[26461,26462,26464,26465,26466,26467,26468,26470,26479,26480,26481,26492],{"id":2360,"depth":130,"text":2361},{"id":24581,"depth":130,"text":26463},"What keys() does",{"id":6117,"depth":130,"text":6118},{"id":5762,"depth":130,"text":5763},{"id":17747,"depth":130,"text":17748},{"id":25270,"depth":130,"text":25271},{"id":25426,"depth":130,"text":26469},"When to use keys()",{"id":25688,"depth":130,"text":25689,"children":26471},[26472,26474,26476,26478],{"id":25697,"depth":137,"text":26473},"Expecting keys() to return key-value pairs",{"id":25803,"depth":137,"text":26475},"Expecting a list instead of dict_keys",{"id":25947,"depth":137,"text":26477},"Trying to use keys() on a list or string",{"id":26018,"depth":137,"text":26019},{"id":3185,"depth":130,"text":3186},{"id":26273,"depth":130,"text":26274},{"id":2159,"depth":130,"text":2160,"children":26482},[26483,26485,26487,26489,26491],{"id":26360,"depth":137,"text":26484},"What does dictionary keys() return in Python?",{"id":26370,"depth":137,"text":26486},"Is dict.keys() a list?",{"id":26386,"depth":137,"text":26488},"Can I loop through dict.keys()?",{"id":26398,"depth":137,"text":26490},"Do I need to use keys() to loop through a dictionary?",{"id":26411,"depth":137,"text":26412},{"id":2231,"depth":130,"text":2232},"Master python dictionary keys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":24403,"description":26493},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method","yoVvP2jVvnq--2L4aIR-uzvril2Qb_tpY3cJkvKn9RU",{"id":26499,"title":26500,"body":26501,"description":28773,"extension":2319,"meta":28774,"navigation":133,"path":28775,"seo":28776,"stem":28777,"__hash__":28778},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method.md","Python Dictionary pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":26502,"toc":28726},[26503,26508,26513,26516,26518,26664,26677,26682,26686,26700,26702,26805,26814,26816,26819,26857,26882,26884,26991,26993,27000,27003,27011,27013,27154,27162,27167,27171,27182,27184,27346,27349,27357,27364,27370,27467,27473,27550,27553,27565,27570,27576,27579,27583,27672,27675,27679,27783,27790,27877,27886,27888,27893,27899,27902,27948,27951,28017,28026,28032,28125,28131,28137,28180,28183,28248,28254,28346,28349,28353,28359,28384,28387,28483,28490,28492,28497,28588,28590,28618,28623,28625,28632,28635,28639,28649,28654,28657,28663,28673,28680,28688,28690,28723],[10,26504,11647,26506,11651],{"id":26505},"python-dictionary-pop-method",[15,26507,13088],{},[24,26509,26510,26512],{},[15,26511,12895],{}," removes a key from a dictionary and returns the value that was stored under that key.",[24,26514,26515],{},"This method is useful when you want to delete a key and still keep its value for later use. It is also a common way to remove a key safely when you provide a default value.",[80,26517,83],{"id":82},[85,26519,26521],{"className":87,"code":26520,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nremoved_age = person.pop(\"age\")\nprint(removed_age)   # 25\nprint(person)        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n\n# Safe version with default value\ncountry = person.pop(\"country\", \"Not found\")\nprint(country)       # Not found\n",[15,26522,26523,26559,26583,26597,26610,26614,26619,26651],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,26524,26525,26527,26529,26531,26533,26535,26537,26539,26541,26543,26545,26547,26549,26551,26553,26555,26557],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,26526,13531],{"class":100},[94,26528,105],{"class":104},[94,26530,10823],{"class":108},[94,26532,332],{"class":331},[94,26534,8001],{"class":335},[94,26536,332],{"class":331},[94,26538,384],{"class":108},[94,26540,1040],{"class":331},[94,26542,13206],{"class":335},[94,26544,332],{"class":331},[94,26546,116],{"class":108},[94,26548,1040],{"class":331},[94,26550,9631],{"class":335},[94,26552,332],{"class":331},[94,26554,384],{"class":108},[94,26556,9638],{"class":112},[94,26558,9641],{"class":108},[94,26560,26561,26564,26566,26568,26570,26573,26575,26577,26579,26581],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,26562,26563],{"class":100},"removed_age ",[94,26565,105],{"class":104},[94,26567,13574],{"class":100},[94,26569,168],{"class":108},[94,26571,26572],{"class":152},"pop",[94,26574,149],{"class":108},[94,26576,332],{"class":331},[94,26578,9631],{"class":335},[94,26580,332],{"class":331},[94,26582,316],{"class":108},[94,26584,26585,26587,26589,26592,26594],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,26586,326],{"class":145},[94,26588,149],{"class":108},[94,26590,26591],{"class":152},"removed_age",[94,26593,156],{"class":108},[94,26595,26596],{"class":159},"   # 25\n",[94,26598,26599,26601,26603,26605,26607],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,26600,326],{"class":145},[94,26602,149],{"class":108},[94,26604,17636],{"class":152},[94,26606,156],{"class":108},[94,26608,26609],{"class":159},"        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[94,26611,26612],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,26613,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,26615,26616],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,26617,26618],{"class":159},"# Safe version with default value\n",[94,26620,26621,26624,26626,26628,26630,26632,26634,26636,26638,26640,26642,26644,26647,26649],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,26622,26623],{"class":100},"country ",[94,26625,105],{"class":104},[94,26627,13574],{"class":100},[94,26629,168],{"class":108},[94,26631,26572],{"class":152},[94,26633,149],{"class":108},[94,26635,332],{"class":331},[94,26637,15589],{"class":335},[94,26639,332],{"class":331},[94,26641,116],{"class":108},[94,26643,1040],{"class":331},[94,26645,26646],{"class":335},"Not found",[94,26648,332],{"class":331},[94,26650,316],{"class":108},[94,26652,26653,26655,26657,26659,26661],{"class":96,"line":702},[94,26654,326],{"class":145},[94,26656,149],{"class":108},[94,26658,15589],{"class":152},[94,26660,156],{"class":108},[94,26662,26663],{"class":159},"       # Not found\n",[24,26665,54,26666,26669,26670,26673,26674,26676],{},[15,26667,26668],{},"pop(key)"," to remove a key and get its value. Use ",[15,26671,26672],{},"pop(key, default)"," to avoid a ",[15,26675,20018],{}," when the key might not exist.",[80,26678,215,26680,218],{"id":26679},"what-dictpop-does",[15,26681,12895],{},[24,26683,26684,384],{},[15,26685,12895],{},[28,26687,26688,26691,26694,26697],{},[31,26689,26690],{},"Removes one key from a dictionary",[31,26692,26693],{},"Returns the value that belonged to that key",[31,26695,26696],{},"Changes the original dictionary",[31,26698,26699],{},"Works only with dictionary keys, not positions",[24,26701,2566],{},[85,26703,26705],{"className":87,"code":26704,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"user = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"city\": \"Paris\"}\n\nremoved_city = user.pop(\"city\")\n\nprint(removed_city)  # Paris\nprint(user)          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[15,26706,26707,26747,26751,26774,26778,26792],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,26708,26709,26711,26713,26715,26717,26719,26721,26723,26725,26727,26729,26731,26733,26735,26737,26739,26741,26743,26745],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,26710,11818],{"class":100},[94,26712,105],{"class":104},[94,26714,10823],{"class":108},[94,26716,332],{"class":331},[94,26718,8001],{"class":335},[94,26720,332],{"class":331},[94,26722,384],{"class":108},[94,26724,1040],{"class":331},[94,26726,13548],{"class":335},[94,26728,332],{"class":331},[94,26730,116],{"class":108},[94,26732,1040],{"class":331},[94,26734,10741],{"class":335},[94,26736,332],{"class":331},[94,26738,384],{"class":108},[94,26740,1040],{"class":331},[94,26742,10748],{"class":335},[94,26744,332],{"class":331},[94,26746,9641],{"class":108},[94,26748,26749],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,26750,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,26752,26753,26756,26758,26760,26762,26764,26766,26768,26770,26772],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,26754,26755],{"class":100},"removed_city ",[94,26757,105],{"class":104},[94,26759,11901],{"class":100},[94,26761,168],{"class":108},[94,26763,26572],{"class":152},[94,26765,149],{"class":108},[94,26767,332],{"class":331},[94,26769,10741],{"class":335},[94,26771,332],{"class":331},[94,26773,316],{"class":108},[94,26775,26776],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,26777,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,26779,26780,26782,26784,26787,26789],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,26781,326],{"class":145},[94,26783,149],{"class":108},[94,26785,26786],{"class":152},"removed_city",[94,26788,156],{"class":108},[94,26790,26791],{"class":159},"  # Paris\n",[94,26793,26794,26796,26798,26800,26802],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,26795,326],{"class":145},[94,26797,149],{"class":108},[94,26799,11912],{"class":152},[94,26801,156],{"class":108},[94,26803,26804],{"class":159},"          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[24,26806,21102,26807,26810,26811,168],{},[15,26808,26809],{},"\"city\""," is the key being removed. The method returns its value, which is ",[15,26812,26813],{},"\"Paris\"",[80,26815,2514],{"id":2513},[24,26817,26818],{},"There are two common forms:",[85,26820,26822],{"className":87,"code":26821,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"my_dict.pop(key)\nmy_dict.pop(key, default)\n",[15,26823,26824,26838],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,26825,26826,26828,26830,26832,26834,26836],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,26827,11779],{"class":100},[94,26829,168],{"class":108},[94,26831,26572],{"class":152},[94,26833,149],{"class":108},[94,26835,1142],{"class":152},[94,26837,316],{"class":108},[94,26839,26840,26842,26844,26846,26848,26850,26852,26855],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,26841,11779],{"class":100},[94,26843,168],{"class":108},[94,26845,26572],{"class":152},[94,26847,149],{"class":108},[94,26849,1142],{"class":152},[94,26851,116],{"class":108},[94,26853,26854],{"class":152}," default",[94,26856,316],{"class":108},[28,26858,26859,26865,26873,26879],{},[31,26860,26861,26864],{},[15,26862,26863],{},"dict.pop(key)"," removes the key if it exists",[31,26866,26867,26869,26870,26872],{},[15,26868,26863],{}," raises ",[15,26871,20018],{}," if the key is missing",[31,26874,26875,26878],{},[15,26876,26877],{},"dict.pop(key, default)"," returns the default value if the key is missing",[31,26880,26881],{},"The second form is safer when you are not sure the key exists",[24,26883,2566],{},[85,26885,26887],{"className":87,"code":26886,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"science\": 85}\n\nprint(scores.pop(\"math\"))         # 90\nprint(scores.pop(\"history\", 0))   # 0\nprint(scores)                     # {'science': 85}\n",[15,26888,26889,26921,26925,26950,26978],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,26890,26891,26893,26895,26897,26899,26901,26903,26905,26907,26909,26911,26913,26915,26917,26919],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,26892,5401],{"class":100},[94,26894,105],{"class":104},[94,26896,10823],{"class":108},[94,26898,332],{"class":331},[94,26900,18747],{"class":335},[94,26902,332],{"class":331},[94,26904,384],{"class":108},[94,26906,20229],{"class":112},[94,26908,116],{"class":108},[94,26910,1040],{"class":331},[94,26912,18756],{"class":335},[94,26914,332],{"class":331},[94,26916,384],{"class":108},[94,26918,13834],{"class":112},[94,26920,9641],{"class":108},[94,26922,26923],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,26924,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,26926,26927,26929,26931,26933,26935,26937,26939,26941,26943,26945,26947],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,26928,326],{"class":145},[94,26930,149],{"class":108},[94,26932,16717],{"class":152},[94,26934,168],{"class":108},[94,26936,26572],{"class":152},[94,26938,149],{"class":108},[94,26940,332],{"class":331},[94,26942,18747],{"class":335},[94,26944,332],{"class":331},[94,26946,5693],{"class":108},[94,26948,26949],{"class":159},"         # 90\n",[94,26951,26952,26954,26956,26958,26960,26962,26964,26966,26968,26970,26972,26974,26976],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,26953,326],{"class":145},[94,26955,149],{"class":108},[94,26957,16717],{"class":152},[94,26959,168],{"class":108},[94,26961,26572],{"class":152},[94,26963,149],{"class":108},[94,26965,332],{"class":331},[94,26967,18765],{"class":335},[94,26969,332],{"class":331},[94,26971,116],{"class":108},[94,26973,4178],{"class":112},[94,26975,5693],{"class":108},[94,26977,21099],{"class":159},[94,26979,26980,26982,26984,26986,26988],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,26981,326],{"class":145},[94,26983,149],{"class":108},[94,26985,16717],{"class":152},[94,26987,156],{"class":108},[94,26989,26990],{"class":159},"                     # {'science': 85}\n",[80,26992,17748],{"id":17747},[24,26994,26995,14381,26997,26999],{},[15,26996,13088],{},[43,26998,45],{}," return the updated dictionary.",[24,27001,27002],{},"Instead, it returns:",[28,27004,27005,27008],{},[31,27006,27007],{},"The removed value when the key exists",[31,27009,27010],{},"The default value if you provided one and the key is missing",[24,27012,2566],{},[85,27014,27016],{"className":87,"code":27015,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"data = {\"a\": 10, \"b\": 20}\n\nresult1 = data.pop(\"a\")\nresult2 = data.pop(\"c\", \"missing\")\n\nprint(result1)  # 10\nprint(result2)  # missing\nprint(data)     # {'b': 20}\n",[15,27017,27018,27050,27054,27077,27109,27113,27127,27141],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,27019,27020,27022,27024,27026,27028,27030,27032,27034,27036,27038,27040,27042,27044,27046,27048],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,27021,9499],{"class":100},[94,27023,105],{"class":104},[94,27025,10823],{"class":108},[94,27027,332],{"class":331},[94,27029,434],{"class":335},[94,27031,332],{"class":331},[94,27033,384],{"class":108},[94,27035,6336],{"class":112},[94,27037,116],{"class":108},[94,27039,1040],{"class":331},[94,27041,1937],{"class":335},[94,27043,332],{"class":331},[94,27045,384],{"class":108},[94,27047,8124],{"class":112},[94,27049,9641],{"class":108},[94,27051,27052],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,27053,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,27055,27056,27059,27061,27063,27065,27067,27069,27071,27073,27075],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,27057,27058],{"class":100},"result1 ",[94,27060,105],{"class":104},[94,27062,14894],{"class":100},[94,27064,168],{"class":108},[94,27066,26572],{"class":152},[94,27068,149],{"class":108},[94,27070,332],{"class":331},[94,27072,434],{"class":335},[94,27074,332],{"class":331},[94,27076,316],{"class":108},[94,27078,27079,27082,27084,27086,27088,27090,27092,27094,27096,27098,27100,27102,27105,27107],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,27080,27081],{"class":100},"result2 ",[94,27083,105],{"class":104},[94,27085,14894],{"class":100},[94,27087,168],{"class":108},[94,27089,26572],{"class":152},[94,27091,149],{"class":108},[94,27093,332],{"class":331},[94,27095,1946],{"class":335},[94,27097,332],{"class":331},[94,27099,116],{"class":108},[94,27101,1040],{"class":331},[94,27103,27104],{"class":335},"missing",[94,27106,332],{"class":331},[94,27108,316],{"class":108},[94,27110,27111],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,27112,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,27114,27115,27117,27119,27122,27124],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,27116,326],{"class":145},[94,27118,149],{"class":108},[94,27120,27121],{"class":152},"result1",[94,27123,156],{"class":108},[94,27125,27126],{"class":159},"  # 10\n",[94,27128,27129,27131,27133,27136,27138],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,27130,326],{"class":145},[94,27132,149],{"class":108},[94,27134,27135],{"class":152},"result2",[94,27137,156],{"class":108},[94,27139,27140],{"class":159},"  # missing\n",[94,27142,27143,27145,27147,27149,27151],{"class":96,"line":702},[94,27144,326],{"class":145},[94,27146,149],{"class":108},[94,27148,9537],{"class":152},[94,27150,156],{"class":108},[94,27152,27153],{"class":159},"     # {'b': 20}\n",[24,27155,27156,27157,6963],{},"If you only want to read a value without removing it, use ",[434,27158,27159],{"href":11065},[15,27160,27161],{},"dict.get()",[80,27163,815,27165],{"id":27164},"when-to-use-pop",[15,27166,13088],{},[24,27168,54,27169,822],{},[15,27170,13088],{},[28,27172,27173,27176,27179],{},[31,27174,27175],{},"You want to remove a key and keep its value",[31,27177,27178],{},"You are processing dictionary data step by step",[31,27180,27181],{},"You are cleaning or extracting values from a dictionary",[24,27183,2566],{},[85,27185,27187],{"className":87,"code":27186,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"product = {\"name\": \"Laptop\", \"price\": 1200, \"discount\": 200}\n\ndiscount_amount = product.pop(\"discount\", 0)\n\nfinal_price = product[\"price\"] - discount_amount\n\nprint(discount_amount)  # 200\nprint(final_price)      # 1000\nprint(product)          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[15,27188,27189,27241,27245,27272,27276,27300,27304,27318,27332],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,27190,27191,27193,27195,27197,27199,27201,27203,27205,27207,27210,27212,27214,27216,27218,27220,27222,27225,27227,27229,27232,27234,27236,27239],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,27192,25455],{"class":100},[94,27194,105],{"class":104},[94,27196,10823],{"class":108},[94,27198,332],{"class":331},[94,27200,8001],{"class":335},[94,27202,332],{"class":331},[94,27204,384],{"class":108},[94,27206,1040],{"class":331},[94,27208,27209],{"class":335},"Laptop",[94,27211,332],{"class":331},[94,27213,116],{"class":108},[94,27215,1040],{"class":331},[94,27217,25481],{"class":335},[94,27219,332],{"class":331},[94,27221,384],{"class":108},[94,27223,27224],{"class":112}," 1200",[94,27226,116],{"class":108},[94,27228,1040],{"class":331},[94,27230,27231],{"class":335},"discount",[94,27233,332],{"class":331},[94,27235,384],{"class":108},[94,27237,27238],{"class":112}," 200",[94,27240,9641],{"class":108},[94,27242,27243],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,27244,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,27246,27247,27250,27252,27254,27256,27258,27260,27262,27264,27266,27268,27270],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,27248,27249],{"class":100},"discount_amount ",[94,27251,105],{"class":104},[94,27253,25533],{"class":100},[94,27255,168],{"class":108},[94,27257,26572],{"class":152},[94,27259,149],{"class":108},[94,27261,332],{"class":331},[94,27263,27231],{"class":335},[94,27265,332],{"class":331},[94,27267,116],{"class":108},[94,27269,4178],{"class":112},[94,27271,316],{"class":108},[94,27273,27274],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,27275,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,27277,27278,27281,27283,27285,27287,27289,27291,27293,27295,27297],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,27279,27280],{"class":100},"final_price ",[94,27282,105],{"class":104},[94,27284,25533],{"class":100},[94,27286,539],{"class":108},[94,27288,332],{"class":331},[94,27290,25481],{"class":335},[94,27292,332],{"class":331},[94,27294,13600],{"class":108},[94,27296,2581],{"class":104},[94,27298,27299],{"class":100}," discount_amount\n",[94,27301,27302],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,27303,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,27305,27306,27308,27310,27313,27315],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,27307,326],{"class":145},[94,27309,149],{"class":108},[94,27311,27312],{"class":152},"discount_amount",[94,27314,156],{"class":108},[94,27316,27317],{"class":159},"  # 200\n",[94,27319,27320,27322,27324,27327,27329],{"class":96,"line":702},[94,27321,326],{"class":145},[94,27323,149],{"class":108},[94,27325,27326],{"class":152},"final_price",[94,27328,156],{"class":108},[94,27330,27331],{"class":159},"      # 1000\n",[94,27333,27334,27336,27338,27341,27343],{"class":96,"line":6763},[94,27335,326],{"class":145},[94,27337,149],{"class":108},[94,27339,27340],{"class":152},"product",[94,27342,156],{"class":108},[94,27344,27345],{"class":159},"          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[24,27347,27348],{},"This is helpful when you want to take one piece of data out and then continue working with the remaining dictionary.",[80,27350,27352,18,27354],{"id":27351},"pop-vs-del",[15,27353,13088],{},[15,27355,27356],{},"del",[24,27358,1146,27359,1139,27361,27363],{},[15,27360,13088],{},[15,27362,27356],{}," can remove a key from a dictionary, but they are not the same.",[265,27365,54,27367,27369],{"id":27366},"use-pop-when-you-need-the-removed-value",[15,27368,13088],{}," when you need the removed value",[85,27371,27373],{"className":87,"code":27372,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nage = person.pop(\"age\")\n\nprint(age)     # 25\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,27374,27375,27411,27415,27437,27441,27454],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,27376,27377,27379,27381,27383,27385,27387,27389,27391,27393,27395,27397,27399,27401,27403,27405,27407,27409],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,27378,13531],{"class":100},[94,27380,105],{"class":104},[94,27382,10823],{"class":108},[94,27384,332],{"class":331},[94,27386,8001],{"class":335},[94,27388,332],{"class":331},[94,27390,384],{"class":108},[94,27392,1040],{"class":331},[94,27394,13206],{"class":335},[94,27396,332],{"class":331},[94,27398,116],{"class":108},[94,27400,1040],{"class":331},[94,27402,9631],{"class":335},[94,27404,332],{"class":331},[94,27406,384],{"class":108},[94,27408,9638],{"class":112},[94,27410,9641],{"class":108},[94,27412,27413],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,27414,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,27416,27417,27419,27421,27423,27425,27427,27429,27431,27433,27435],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,27418,21959],{"class":100},[94,27420,105],{"class":104},[94,27422,13574],{"class":100},[94,27424,168],{"class":108},[94,27426,26572],{"class":152},[94,27428,149],{"class":108},[94,27430,332],{"class":331},[94,27432,9631],{"class":335},[94,27434,332],{"class":331},[94,27436,316],{"class":108},[94,27438,27439],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,27440,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,27442,27443,27445,27447,27449,27451],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,27444,326],{"class":145},[94,27446,149],{"class":108},[94,27448,9631],{"class":152},[94,27450,156],{"class":108},[94,27452,27453],{"class":159},"     # 25\n",[94,27455,27456,27458,27460,27462,27464],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,27457,326],{"class":145},[94,27459,149],{"class":108},[94,27461,17636],{"class":152},[94,27463,156],{"class":108},[94,27465,27466],{"class":159},"  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[265,27468,54,27470,27472],{"id":27469},"use-del-when-you-only-want-deletion",[15,27471,27356],{}," when you only want deletion",[85,27474,27476],{"className":87,"code":27475,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\ndel person[\"age\"]\n\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,27477,27478,27514,27518,27534,27538],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,27479,27480,27482,27484,27486,27488,27490,27492,27494,27496,27498,27500,27502,27504,27506,27508,27510,27512],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,27481,13531],{"class":100},[94,27483,105],{"class":104},[94,27485,10823],{"class":108},[94,27487,332],{"class":331},[94,27489,8001],{"class":335},[94,27491,332],{"class":331},[94,27493,384],{"class":108},[94,27495,1040],{"class":331},[94,27497,13206],{"class":335},[94,27499,332],{"class":331},[94,27501,116],{"class":108},[94,27503,1040],{"class":331},[94,27505,9631],{"class":335},[94,27507,332],{"class":331},[94,27509,384],{"class":108},[94,27511,9638],{"class":112},[94,27513,9641],{"class":108},[94,27515,27516],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,27517,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,27519,27520,27522,27524,27526,27528,27530,27532],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,27521,27356],{"class":4221},[94,27523,13574],{"class":100},[94,27525,539],{"class":108},[94,27527,332],{"class":331},[94,27529,9631],{"class":335},[94,27531,332],{"class":331},[94,27533,127],{"class":108},[94,27535,27536],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,27537,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,27539,27540,27542,27544,27546,27548],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,27541,326],{"class":145},[94,27543,149],{"class":108},[94,27545,17636],{"class":152},[94,27547,156],{"class":108},[94,27549,27466],{"class":159},[24,27551,27552],{},"Difference:",[28,27554,27555,27560],{},[31,27556,27557,27559],{},[15,27558,13088],{}," removes a key and returns its value",[31,27561,27562,27564],{},[15,27563,27356],{}," removes a key but does not return the value",[24,27566,27567,27568,168],{},"If your goal is simply to remove a key, see ",[434,27569,12900],{"href":12899},[80,27571,27573,27574],{"id":27572},"how-to-avoid-keyerror","How to avoid ",[15,27575,20018],{},[24,27577,27578],{},"A common beginner problem is trying to remove a key that does not exist.",[265,27580,27582],{"id":27581},"option-1-use-a-default-value","Option 1: Use a default value",[85,27584,27586],{"className":87,"code":27585,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.pop(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,27587,27588,27613,27617,27643,27647,27659],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,27589,27590,27592,27594,27596,27598,27600,27602,27604,27606,27609,27611],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,27591,12054],{"class":100},[94,27593,105],{"class":104},[94,27595,10823],{"class":108},[94,27597,332],{"class":331},[94,27599,8001],{"class":335},[94,27601,332],{"class":331},[94,27603,384],{"class":108},[94,27605,1040],{"class":331},[94,27607,27608],{"class":335},"Sara",[94,27610,332],{"class":331},[94,27612,9641],{"class":108},[94,27614,27615],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,27616,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,27618,27619,27621,27623,27625,27627,27629,27631,27633,27635,27637,27639,27641],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,27620,2804],{"class":100},[94,27622,105],{"class":104},[94,27624,12096],{"class":100},[94,27626,168],{"class":108},[94,27628,26572],{"class":152},[94,27630,149],{"class":108},[94,27632,332],{"class":331},[94,27634,9631],{"class":335},[94,27636,332],{"class":331},[94,27638,116],{"class":108},[94,27640,4197],{"class":1224},[94,27642,316],{"class":108},[94,27644,27645],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,27646,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,27648,27649,27651,27653,27655,27657],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,27650,326],{"class":145},[94,27652,149],{"class":108},[94,27654,2829],{"class":152},[94,27656,156],{"class":108},[94,27658,20892],{"class":159},[94,27660,27661,27663,27665,27667,27669],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,27662,326],{"class":145},[94,27664,149],{"class":108},[94,27666,11779],{"class":152},[94,27668,156],{"class":108},[94,27670,27671],{"class":159}," # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[24,27673,27674],{},"This is the safest and shortest option.",[265,27676,27678],{"id":27677},"option-2-check-first","Option 2: Check first",[85,27680,27682],{"className":87,"code":27681,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nif \"age\" in my_dict:\n    value = my_dict.pop(\"age\")\n    print(value)\nelse:\n    print(\"Key not found\")\n",[15,27683,27684,27708,27712,27728,27751,27761,27768],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,27685,27686,27688,27690,27692,27694,27696,27698,27700,27702,27704,27706],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,27687,12054],{"class":100},[94,27689,105],{"class":104},[94,27691,10823],{"class":108},[94,27693,332],{"class":331},[94,27695,8001],{"class":335},[94,27697,332],{"class":331},[94,27699,384],{"class":108},[94,27701,1040],{"class":331},[94,27703,27608],{"class":335},[94,27705,332],{"class":331},[94,27707,9641],{"class":108},[94,27709,27710],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,27711,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,27713,27714,27716,27718,27720,27722,27724,27726],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,27715,7330],{"class":4221},[94,27717,1040],{"class":331},[94,27719,9631],{"class":335},[94,27721,332],{"class":331},[94,27723,21505],{"class":104},[94,27725,12096],{"class":100},[94,27727,6726],{"class":108},[94,27729,27730,27733,27735,27737,27739,27741,27743,27745,27747,27749],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,27731,27732],{"class":100},"    value ",[94,27734,105],{"class":104},[94,27736,12096],{"class":100},[94,27738,168],{"class":108},[94,27740,26572],{"class":152},[94,27742,149],{"class":108},[94,27744,332],{"class":331},[94,27746,9631],{"class":335},[94,27748,332],{"class":331},[94,27750,316],{"class":108},[94,27752,27753,27755,27757,27759],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,27754,8404],{"class":145},[94,27756,149],{"class":108},[94,27758,2829],{"class":152},[94,27760,316],{"class":108},[94,27762,27763,27766],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,27764,27765],{"class":4221},"else",[94,27767,6726],{"class":108},[94,27769,27770,27772,27774,27776,27779,27781],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,27771,8404],{"class":145},[94,27773,149],{"class":108},[94,27775,332],{"class":331},[94,27777,27778],{"class":335},"Key not found",[94,27780,332],{"class":331},[94,27782,316],{"class":108},[265,27784,27786,27787,27789],{"id":27785},"option-3-use-get-if-you-do-not-want-to-remove-anything","Option 3: Use ",[15,27788,11069],{}," if you do not want to remove anything",[85,27791,27793],{"className":87,"code":27792,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.get(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,27794,27795,27819,27823,27849,27853,27865],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,27796,27797,27799,27801,27803,27805,27807,27809,27811,27813,27815,27817],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,27798,12054],{"class":100},[94,27800,105],{"class":104},[94,27802,10823],{"class":108},[94,27804,332],{"class":331},[94,27806,8001],{"class":335},[94,27808,332],{"class":331},[94,27810,384],{"class":108},[94,27812,1040],{"class":331},[94,27814,27608],{"class":335},[94,27816,332],{"class":331},[94,27818,9641],{"class":108},[94,27820,27821],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,27822,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,27824,27825,27827,27829,27831,27833,27835,27837,27839,27841,27843,27845,27847],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,27826,2804],{"class":100},[94,27828,105],{"class":104},[94,27830,12096],{"class":100},[94,27832,168],{"class":108},[94,27834,20081],{"class":152},[94,27836,149],{"class":108},[94,27838,332],{"class":331},[94,27840,9631],{"class":335},[94,27842,332],{"class":331},[94,27844,116],{"class":108},[94,27846,4197],{"class":1224},[94,27848,316],{"class":108},[94,27850,27851],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,27852,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,27854,27855,27857,27859,27861,27863],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,27856,326],{"class":145},[94,27858,149],{"class":108},[94,27860,2829],{"class":152},[94,27862,156],{"class":108},[94,27864,20892],{"class":159},[94,27866,27867,27869,27871,27873,27875],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,27868,326],{"class":145},[94,27870,149],{"class":108},[94,27872,11779],{"class":152},[94,27874,156],{"class":108},[94,27876,27671],{"class":159},[24,27878,54,27879,27883,27884,168],{},[434,27880,27881],{"href":11065},[15,27882,27161],{}," when you only need to read a value. If you are seeing this error already, read ",[434,27885,11591],{"href":11402},[80,27887,4862],{"id":4861},[24,27889,27890,27891,168],{},"Here are some mistakes that happen often with ",[15,27892,12895],{},[265,27894,26106,27896,27898],{"id":27895},"thinking-pop-removes-by-position-like-a-list",[15,27897,13088],{}," removes by position like a list",[24,27900,27901],{},"Lists use indexes:",[85,27903,27905],{"className":87,"code":27904,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.pop(1))  # 20\n",[15,27906,27907,27927],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,27908,27909,27911,27913,27915,27917,27919,27921,27923,27925],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,27910,101],{"class":100},[94,27912,105],{"class":104},[94,27914,109],{"class":108},[94,27916,2688],{"class":112},[94,27918,116],{"class":108},[94,27920,8124],{"class":112},[94,27922,116],{"class":108},[94,27924,8129],{"class":112},[94,27926,127],{"class":108},[94,27928,27929,27931,27933,27935,27937,27939,27941,27943,27945],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,27930,326],{"class":145},[94,27932,149],{"class":108},[94,27934,153],{"class":152},[94,27936,168],{"class":108},[94,27938,26572],{"class":152},[94,27940,149],{"class":108},[94,27942,412],{"class":112},[94,27944,5693],{"class":108},[94,27946,27947],{"class":159},"  # 20\n",[24,27949,27950],{},"Dictionaries use keys:",[85,27952,27954],{"className":87,"code":27953,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nprint(person.pop(\"age\"))  # 25\n",[15,27955,27956,27992],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,27957,27958,27960,27962,27964,27966,27968,27970,27972,27974,27976,27978,27980,27982,27984,27986,27988,27990],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,27959,13531],{"class":100},[94,27961,105],{"class":104},[94,27963,10823],{"class":108},[94,27965,332],{"class":331},[94,27967,8001],{"class":335},[94,27969,332],{"class":331},[94,27971,384],{"class":108},[94,27973,1040],{"class":331},[94,27975,13206],{"class":335},[94,27977,332],{"class":331},[94,27979,116],{"class":108},[94,27981,1040],{"class":331},[94,27983,9631],{"class":335},[94,27985,332],{"class":331},[94,27987,384],{"class":108},[94,27989,9638],{"class":112},[94,27991,9641],{"class":108},[94,27993,27994,27996,27998,28000,28002,28004,28006,28008,28010,28012,28014],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,27995,326],{"class":145},[94,27997,149],{"class":108},[94,27999,17636],{"class":152},[94,28001,168],{"class":108},[94,28003,26572],{"class":152},[94,28005,149],{"class":108},[94,28007,332],{"class":331},[94,28009,9631],{"class":335},[94,28011,332],{"class":331},[94,28013,5693],{"class":108},[94,28015,28016],{"class":159},"  # 25\n",[24,28018,28019,28020,28022,28023,28025],{},"A dictionary does ",[43,28021,45],{}," use positions with ",[15,28024,13088],{},". It uses keys.",[265,28027,5047,28029,28031],{"id":28028},"forgetting-that-pop-changes-the-original-dictionary",[15,28030,13088],{}," changes the original dictionary",[85,28033,28035],{"className":87,"code":28034,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"x\")\n\nprint(value)  # 1\nprint(data)   # {'y': 2}\n",[15,28036,28037,28069,28073,28095,28099,28112],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,28038,28039,28041,28043,28045,28047,28049,28051,28053,28055,28057,28059,28061,28063,28065,28067],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,28040,9499],{"class":100},[94,28042,105],{"class":104},[94,28044,10823],{"class":108},[94,28046,332],{"class":331},[94,28048,2531],{"class":335},[94,28050,332],{"class":331},[94,28052,384],{"class":108},[94,28054,119],{"class":112},[94,28056,116],{"class":108},[94,28058,1040],{"class":331},[94,28060,12075],{"class":335},[94,28062,332],{"class":331},[94,28064,384],{"class":108},[94,28066,124],{"class":112},[94,28068,9641],{"class":108},[94,28070,28071],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,28072,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,28074,28075,28077,28079,28081,28083,28085,28087,28089,28091,28093],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,28076,2804],{"class":100},[94,28078,105],{"class":104},[94,28080,14894],{"class":100},[94,28082,168],{"class":108},[94,28084,26572],{"class":152},[94,28086,149],{"class":108},[94,28088,332],{"class":331},[94,28090,2531],{"class":335},[94,28092,332],{"class":331},[94,28094,316],{"class":108},[94,28096,28097],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,28098,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,28100,28101,28103,28105,28107,28109],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,28102,326],{"class":145},[94,28104,149],{"class":108},[94,28106,2829],{"class":152},[94,28108,156],{"class":108},[94,28110,28111],{"class":159},"  # 1\n",[94,28113,28114,28116,28118,28120,28122],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,28115,326],{"class":145},[94,28117,149],{"class":108},[94,28119,9537],{"class":152},[94,28121,156],{"class":108},[94,28123,28124],{"class":159},"   # {'y': 2}\n",[24,28126,28127,28128,28130],{},"After ",[15,28129,13088],{},", the key is gone from the same dictionary object.",[265,28132,1484,28134,28136],{"id":28133},"using-pop-on-a-missing-key-without-a-default-value",[15,28135,13088],{}," on a missing key without a default value",[85,28138,28140],{"className":87,"code":28139,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\n# This causes an error\n# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[15,28141,28142,28166,28170,28175],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,28143,28144,28146,28148,28150,28152,28154,28156,28158,28160,28162,28164],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,28145,9499],{"class":100},[94,28147,105],{"class":104},[94,28149,10823],{"class":108},[94,28151,332],{"class":331},[94,28153,8001],{"class":335},[94,28155,332],{"class":331},[94,28157,384],{"class":108},[94,28159,1040],{"class":331},[94,28161,8256],{"class":335},[94,28163,332],{"class":331},[94,28165,9641],{"class":108},[94,28167,28168],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,28169,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,28171,28172],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,28173,28174],{"class":159},"# This causes an error\n",[94,28176,28177],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,28178,28179],{"class":159},"# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[24,28181,28182],{},"Safer version:",[85,28184,28186],{"className":87,"code":28185,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(\"age\", \"missing\"))  # missing\n",[15,28187,28188,28212,28216],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,28189,28190,28192,28194,28196,28198,28200,28202,28204,28206,28208,28210],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,28191,9499],{"class":100},[94,28193,105],{"class":104},[94,28195,10823],{"class":108},[94,28197,332],{"class":331},[94,28199,8001],{"class":335},[94,28201,332],{"class":331},[94,28203,384],{"class":108},[94,28205,1040],{"class":331},[94,28207,8256],{"class":335},[94,28209,332],{"class":331},[94,28211,9641],{"class":108},[94,28213,28214],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,28215,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,28217,28218,28220,28222,28224,28226,28228,28230,28232,28234,28236,28238,28240,28242,28244,28246],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,28219,326],{"class":145},[94,28221,149],{"class":108},[94,28223,9537],{"class":152},[94,28225,168],{"class":108},[94,28227,26572],{"class":152},[94,28229,149],{"class":108},[94,28231,332],{"class":331},[94,28233,9631],{"class":335},[94,28235,332],{"class":331},[94,28237,116],{"class":108},[94,28239,1040],{"class":331},[94,28241,27104],{"class":335},[94,28243,332],{"class":331},[94,28245,5693],{"class":108},[94,28247,27140],{"class":159},[265,28249,8786,28251,28253],{"id":28250},"expecting-pop-to-return-the-whole-dictionary",[15,28252,13088],{}," to return the whole dictionary",[85,28255,28257],{"className":87,"code":28256,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nresult = data.pop(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 1\nprint(data)    # {'b': 2}\n",[15,28258,28259,28291,28295,28317,28321,28333],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,28260,28261,28263,28265,28267,28269,28271,28273,28275,28277,28279,28281,28283,28285,28287,28289],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,28262,9499],{"class":100},[94,28264,105],{"class":104},[94,28266,10823],{"class":108},[94,28268,332],{"class":331},[94,28270,434],{"class":335},[94,28272,332],{"class":331},[94,28274,384],{"class":108},[94,28276,119],{"class":112},[94,28278,116],{"class":108},[94,28280,1040],{"class":331},[94,28282,1937],{"class":335},[94,28284,332],{"class":331},[94,28286,384],{"class":108},[94,28288,124],{"class":112},[94,28290,9641],{"class":108},[94,28292,28293],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,28294,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,28296,28297,28299,28301,28303,28305,28307,28309,28311,28313,28315],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,28298,305],{"class":100},[94,28300,105],{"class":104},[94,28302,14894],{"class":100},[94,28304,168],{"class":108},[94,28306,26572],{"class":152},[94,28308,149],{"class":108},[94,28310,332],{"class":331},[94,28312,434],{"class":335},[94,28314,332],{"class":331},[94,28316,316],{"class":108},[94,28318,28319],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,28320,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,28322,28323,28325,28327,28329,28331],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,28324,326],{"class":145},[94,28326,149],{"class":108},[94,28328,902],{"class":152},[94,28330,156],{"class":108},[94,28332,28111],{"class":159},[94,28334,28335,28337,28339,28341,28343],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,28336,326],{"class":145},[94,28338,149],{"class":108},[94,28340,9537],{"class":152},[94,28342,156],{"class":108},[94,28344,28345],{"class":159},"    # {'b': 2}\n",[24,28347,28348],{},"The return value is the removed value, not the updated dictionary.",[80,28350,28352],{"id":28351},"common-causes-of-problems","Common causes of problems",[24,28354,28355,28356,28358],{},"Problems with ",[15,28357,12895],{}," often happen because of one of these reasons:",[28,28360,28361,28364,28373,28376],{},[31,28362,28363],{},"Using a key that does not exist in the dictionary",[31,28365,28366,28367,28370,28371],{},"Mixing up list ",[15,28368,28369],{},"pop(index)"," with dictionary ",[15,28372,26668],{},[31,28374,28375],{},"Removing data that is still needed later in the code",[31,28377,28378,28379,11420,28381],{},"Using the wrong key type, such as ",[15,28380,412],{},[15,28382,28383],{},"\"1\"",[24,28385,28386],{},"Example of wrong key type:",[85,28388,28390],{"className":87,"code":28389,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"data = {\"1\": \"one\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(1, \"not found\"))    # not found\nprint(data.pop(\"1\", \"not found\"))  # one\n",[15,28391,28392,28416,28420,28450],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,28393,28394,28396,28398,28400,28402,28404,28406,28408,28410,28412,28414],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,28395,9499],{"class":100},[94,28397,105],{"class":104},[94,28399,10823],{"class":108},[94,28401,332],{"class":331},[94,28403,412],{"class":335},[94,28405,332],{"class":331},[94,28407,384],{"class":108},[94,28409,1040],{"class":331},[94,28411,6917],{"class":335},[94,28413,332],{"class":331},[94,28415,9641],{"class":108},[94,28417,28418],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,28419,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,28421,28422,28424,28426,28428,28430,28432,28434,28436,28438,28440,28443,28445,28447],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,28423,326],{"class":145},[94,28425,149],{"class":108},[94,28427,9537],{"class":152},[94,28429,168],{"class":108},[94,28431,26572],{"class":152},[94,28433,149],{"class":108},[94,28435,412],{"class":112},[94,28437,116],{"class":108},[94,28439,1040],{"class":331},[94,28441,28442],{"class":335},"not found",[94,28444,332],{"class":331},[94,28446,5693],{"class":108},[94,28448,28449],{"class":159},"    # not found\n",[94,28451,28452,28454,28456,28458,28460,28462,28464,28466,28468,28470,28472,28474,28476,28478,28480],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,28453,326],{"class":145},[94,28455,149],{"class":108},[94,28457,9537],{"class":152},[94,28459,168],{"class":108},[94,28461,26572],{"class":152},[94,28463,149],{"class":108},[94,28465,332],{"class":331},[94,28467,412],{"class":335},[94,28469,332],{"class":331},[94,28471,116],{"class":108},[94,28473,1040],{"class":331},[94,28475,28442],{"class":335},[94,28477,332],{"class":331},[94,28479,5693],{"class":108},[94,28481,28482],{"class":159},"  # one\n",[24,28484,28485,1139,28487,28489],{},[15,28486,412],{},[15,28488,28383],{}," are different keys.",[80,28491,9205],{"id":9204},[24,28493,9208,28494,28496],{},[15,28495,13088],{}," is not working the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[85,28498,28500],{"className":87,"code":28499,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,28501,28502,28512,28526,28544,28574],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,28503,28504,28506,28508,28510],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,28505,326],{"class":145},[94,28507,149],{"class":108},[94,28509,11779],{"class":152},[94,28511,316],{"class":108},[94,28513,28514,28516,28518,28520,28522,28524],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,28515,326],{"class":145},[94,28517,149],{"class":108},[94,28519,11779],{"class":152},[94,28521,168],{"class":108},[94,28523,17252],{"class":152},[94,28525,7527],{"class":108},[94,28527,28528,28530,28532,28534,28536,28538,28540,28542],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,28529,326],{"class":145},[94,28531,149],{"class":108},[94,28533,968],{"class":331},[94,28535,8001],{"class":335},[94,28537,968],{"class":331},[94,28539,21505],{"class":4221},[94,28541,12096],{"class":152},[94,28543,316],{"class":108},[94,28545,28546,28548,28550,28552,28554,28556,28558,28560,28562,28564,28566,28568,28570,28572],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,28547,326],{"class":145},[94,28549,149],{"class":108},[94,28551,11779],{"class":152},[94,28553,168],{"class":108},[94,28555,26572],{"class":152},[94,28557,149],{"class":108},[94,28559,968],{"class":331},[94,28561,8001],{"class":335},[94,28563,968],{"class":331},[94,28565,116],{"class":108},[94,28567,962],{"class":331},[94,28569,27104],{"class":335},[94,28571,968],{"class":331},[94,28573,921],{"class":108},[94,28575,28576,28578,28580,28582,28584,28586],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,28577,326],{"class":145},[94,28579,149],{"class":108},[94,28581,914],{"class":913},[94,28583,149],{"class":108},[94,28585,11779],{"class":152},[94,28587,921],{"class":108},[24,28589,21668],{},[28,28591,28592,28597,28602,28607,28613],{},[31,28593,28594,28596],{},[15,28595,13004],{}," shows the current dictionary contents",[31,28598,28599,28601],{},[15,28600,21680],{}," shows all available keys",[31,28603,28604,28606],{},[15,28605,21686],{}," checks whether a key exists",[31,28608,28609,28612],{},[15,28610,28611],{},"print(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))"," tests safe removal",[31,28614,28615,28617],{},[15,28616,13010],{}," confirms that the object is really a dictionary",[24,28619,28620,28621,168],{},"If you need to understand dictionary basics first, see ",[434,28622,9724],{"href":9723},[80,28624,2160],{"id":2159},[265,28626,28628,28629,28631],{"id":28627},"does-dictionary-pop-return-the-key-or-the-value","Does dictionary ",[15,28630,13088],{}," return the key or the value?",[24,28633,28634],{},"It returns the value for the removed key.",[265,28636,28638],{"id":28637},"what-happens-if-the-key-does-not-exist","What happens if the key does not exist?",[24,28640,28641,26869,28643,28645,28646,28648],{},[15,28642,26668],{},[15,28644,20018],{},". ",[15,28647,26672],{}," returns the default value instead.",[265,28650,13029,28652,15223],{"id":28651},"does-pop-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,28653,13088],{},[24,28655,28656],{},"Yes. It removes the key from the existing dictionary.",[265,28658,2201,28660,28662],{"id":28659},"can-i-use-pop-to-remove-the-last-item-in-a-dictionary",[15,28661,13088],{}," to remove the last item in a dictionary?",[24,28664,28665,28666,28668,28669,168],{},"Not with ",[15,28667,12895],{},". To remove the last inserted key-value pair, use ",[434,28670,28671],{"href":12906},[15,28672,13095],{},[265,28674,5514,28676,1139,28678,2170],{"id":28675},"what-is-the-difference-between-get-and-pop",[15,28677,11069],{},[15,28679,13088],{},[24,28681,28682,28684,28685,28687],{},[15,28683,11069],{}," reads a value without removing it. ",[15,28686,13088],{}," reads and removes it.",[80,28689,2232],{"id":2231},[28,28691,28692,28698,28705,28709,28713,28717],{},[31,28693,28694],{},[434,28695,28696],{"href":11065},[15,28697,19999],{},[31,28699,28700],{},[434,28701,28702],{"href":12906},[15,28703,28704],{},"Python Dictionary popitem() Method",[31,28706,28707],{},[434,28708,13112],{"href":12899},[31,28710,28711],{},[434,28712,21789],{"href":16925},[31,28714,28715],{},[434,28716,11591],{"href":11402},[31,28718,28719],{},[434,28720,28722],{"href":28721},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-key-not-found-in-dictionary-fix\u002F","KeyError: key not found in dictionary fix",[2260,28724,28725],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":90,"searchDepth":130,"depth":130,"links":28727},[28728,28729,28731,28732,28733,28735,28742,28749,28759,28760,28761,28772],{"id":82,"depth":130,"text":83},{"id":26679,"depth":130,"text":28730},"What dict.pop() does",{"id":2513,"depth":130,"text":2514},{"id":17747,"depth":130,"text":17748},{"id":27164,"depth":130,"text":28734},"When to use pop()",{"id":27351,"depth":130,"text":28736,"children":28737},"pop() vs del",[28738,28740],{"id":27366,"depth":137,"text":28739},"Use pop() when you need the removed value",{"id":27469,"depth":137,"text":28741},"Use del when you only want deletion",{"id":27572,"depth":130,"text":28743,"children":28744},"How to avoid KeyError",[28745,28746,28747],{"id":27581,"depth":137,"text":27582},{"id":27677,"depth":137,"text":27678},{"id":27785,"depth":137,"text":28748},"Option 3: Use get() if you do not want to remove anything",{"id":4861,"depth":130,"text":4862,"children":28750},[28751,28753,28755,28757],{"id":27895,"depth":137,"text":28752},"Thinking pop() removes by position like a list",{"id":28028,"depth":137,"text":28754},"Forgetting that pop() changes the original dictionary",{"id":28133,"depth":137,"text":28756},"Using pop() on a missing key without a default value",{"id":28250,"depth":137,"text":28758},"Expecting pop() to return the whole dictionary",{"id":28351,"depth":130,"text":28352},{"id":9204,"depth":130,"text":9205},{"id":2159,"depth":130,"text":2160,"children":28762},[28763,28765,28766,28768,28770],{"id":28627,"depth":137,"text":28764},"Does dictionary pop() return the key or the value?",{"id":28637,"depth":137,"text":28638},{"id":28651,"depth":137,"text":28767},"Does pop() change the original dictionary?",{"id":28659,"depth":137,"text":28769},"Can I use pop() to remove the last item in a dictionary?",{"id":28675,"depth":137,"text":28771},"What is the difference between get() and pop()?",{"id":2231,"depth":130,"text":2232},"Master python dictionary pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method",{"title":26500,"description":28773},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method","covTbfNQY4fVAPAVxk1e0B4DZXBgW5sTT-L3t_ORUSI",{"id":28780,"title":28704,"body":28781,"description":30720,"extension":2319,"meta":30721,"navigation":133,"path":30722,"seo":30723,"stem":30724,"__hash__":30725},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method.md",{"type":7,"value":28782,"toc":30684},[28783,28788,28793,28796,28804,28814,28816,28905,28909,28958,28963,28968,28972,28988,28991,28993,29008,29010,29026,29033,29037,29043,29052,29054,29123,29127,29148,29151,29170,29173,29196,29198,29201,29316,29320,29379,29386,29390,29396,29521,29525,29575,29578,29582,29589,29591,29654,29658,29679,29682,29691,29706,29714,29721,29725,29737,29741,29752,29754,29900,29904,29962,29969,29974,29978,29984,30007,30012,30031,30035,30106,30113,30186,30195,30200,30205,30216,30219,30356,30361,30393,30398,30400,30404,30464,30467,30524,30527,30570,30572,30577,30583,30589,30592,30599,30607,30612,30615,30622,30630,30632,30681],[10,28784,11647,28786,11651],{"id":28785},"python-dictionary-popitem-method",[15,28787,13095],{},[24,28789,2336,28790,28792],{},[15,28791,13095],{}," method removes one item from a dictionary and returns it.",[24,28794,28795],{},"It is useful when you want to both:",[28,28797,28798,28801],{},[31,28799,28800],{},"remove an item",[31,28802,28803],{},"get that removed item at the same time",[24,28805,28806,28807,28809,28810,28813],{},"In modern Python, ",[15,28808,13095],{}," removes the ",[43,28811,28812],{},"last inserted key-value pair",". It also changes the original dictionary, so the item is no longer there after the method runs.",[80,28815,2361],{"id":2360},[85,28817,28819],{"className":87,"code":28818,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\nitem = data.popitem()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(data)\n",[15,28820,28821,28865,28881,28885,28895],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,28822,28823,28825,28827,28829,28831,28833,28835,28837,28839,28841,28843,28845,28847,28849,28851,28853,28855,28857,28859,28861,28863],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,28824,9499],{"class":100},[94,28826,105],{"class":104},[94,28828,10823],{"class":108},[94,28830,332],{"class":331},[94,28832,434],{"class":335},[94,28834,332],{"class":331},[94,28836,384],{"class":108},[94,28838,119],{"class":112},[94,28840,116],{"class":108},[94,28842,1040],{"class":331},[94,28844,1937],{"class":335},[94,28846,332],{"class":331},[94,28848,384],{"class":108},[94,28850,124],{"class":112},[94,28852,116],{"class":108},[94,28854,1040],{"class":331},[94,28856,1946],{"class":335},[94,28858,332],{"class":331},[94,28860,384],{"class":108},[94,28862,421],{"class":112},[94,28864,9641],{"class":108},[94,28866,28867,28870,28872,28874,28876,28879],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,28868,28869],{"class":100},"item ",[94,28871,105],{"class":104},[94,28873,14894],{"class":100},[94,28875,168],{"class":108},[94,28877,28878],{"class":152},"popitem",[94,28880,511],{"class":108},[94,28882,28883],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,28884,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,28886,28887,28889,28891,28893],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,28888,326],{"class":145},[94,28890,149],{"class":108},[94,28892,23642],{"class":152},[94,28894,316],{"class":108},[94,28896,28897,28899,28901,28903],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,28898,326],{"class":145},[94,28900,149],{"class":108},[94,28902,9537],{"class":152},[94,28904,316],{"class":108},[24,28906,28907],{},[43,28908,371],{},[85,28910,28912],{"className":87,"code":28911,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"('c', 3)\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,28913,28914,28930],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,28915,28916,28918,28920,28922,28924,28926,28928],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,28917,149],{"class":108},[94,28919,968],{"class":331},[94,28921,1946],{"class":335},[94,28923,968],{"class":331},[94,28925,116],{"class":108},[94,28927,421],{"class":112},[94,28929,316],{"class":108},[94,28931,28932,28934,28936,28938,28940,28942,28944,28946,28948,28950,28952,28954,28956],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,28933,9610],{"class":108},[94,28935,968],{"class":331},[94,28937,434],{"class":335},[94,28939,968],{"class":331},[94,28941,384],{"class":108},[94,28943,119],{"class":112},[94,28945,116],{"class":108},[94,28947,962],{"class":331},[94,28949,1937],{"class":335},[94,28951,968],{"class":331},[94,28953,384],{"class":108},[94,28955,124],{"class":112},[94,28957,9641],{"class":108},[24,28959,28960,28962],{},[15,28961,13095],{}," removes and returns the last inserted key-value pair as a tuple.",[80,28964,215,28966,218],{"id":28965},"what-popitem-does",[15,28967,13095],{},[24,28969,28970,384],{},[15,28971,13095],{},[28,28973,28974,28977,28982,28985],{},[31,28975,28976],{},"removes one item from a dictionary",[31,28978,28979,28980],{},"returns the removed item as a tuple: ",[15,28981,21986],{},[31,28983,28984],{},"removes the last inserted item in modern Python",[31,28986,28987],{},"changes the original dictionary",[24,28989,28990],{},"This means the dictionary becomes smaller after you call it.",[80,28992,2514],{"id":2513},[85,28994,28996],{"className":87,"code":28995,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"dictionary.popitem()\n",[15,28997,28998],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,28999,29000,29002,29004,29006],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,29001,15932],{"class":100},[94,29003,168],{"class":108},[94,29005,28878],{"class":152},[94,29007,511],{"class":108},[24,29009,11788],{},[28,29011,29012,29020,29023],{},[31,29013,29014,29016,29017],{},[15,29015,13095],{}," takes ",[43,29018,29019],{},"no arguments",[31,29021,29022],{},"it always returns a 2-item tuple",[31,29024,29025],{},"use the returned tuple if you need both the key and the value",[24,29027,29028,29029,6963],{},"If you want to remove a specific key, use ",[434,29030,29031],{"href":12892},[15,29032,13088],{},[80,29034,29036],{"id":29035},"what-gets-returned","What gets returned",[24,29038,29039,29040,29042],{},"The value returned by ",[15,29041,13095],{}," is a tuple with two parts:",[29044,29045,29046,29049],"ol",{},[31,29047,29048],{},"the key",[31,29050,29051],{},"the value",[24,29053,2566],{},[85,29055,29057],{"className":87,"code":29056,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"person = {\"name\": \"Alice\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = person.popitem()\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,29058,29059,29095,29109,29113],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,29060,29061,29063,29065,29067,29069,29071,29073,29075,29077,29079,29081,29083,29085,29087,29089,29091,29093],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,29062,13531],{"class":100},[94,29064,105],{"class":104},[94,29066,10823],{"class":108},[94,29068,332],{"class":331},[94,29070,8001],{"class":335},[94,29072,332],{"class":331},[94,29074,384],{"class":108},[94,29076,1040],{"class":331},[94,29078,1043],{"class":335},[94,29080,332],{"class":331},[94,29082,116],{"class":108},[94,29084,1040],{"class":331},[94,29086,9631],{"class":335},[94,29088,332],{"class":331},[94,29090,384],{"class":108},[94,29092,9638],{"class":112},[94,29094,9641],{"class":108},[94,29096,29097,29099,29101,29103,29105,29107],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,29098,305],{"class":100},[94,29100,105],{"class":104},[94,29102,13574],{"class":100},[94,29104,168],{"class":108},[94,29106,28878],{"class":152},[94,29108,511],{"class":108},[94,29110,29111],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,29112,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,29114,29115,29117,29119,29121],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,29116,326],{"class":145},[94,29118,149],{"class":108},[94,29120,902],{"class":152},[94,29122,316],{"class":108},[24,29124,29125],{},[43,29126,371],{},[85,29128,29130],{"className":87,"code":29129,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"('age', 25)\n",[15,29131,29132],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,29133,29134,29136,29138,29140,29142,29144,29146],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,29135,149],{"class":108},[94,29137,968],{"class":331},[94,29139,9631],{"class":335},[94,29141,968],{"class":331},[94,29143,116],{"class":108},[94,29145,9638],{"class":112},[94,29147,316],{"class":108},[24,29149,29150],{},"You can store the result in one variable:",[85,29152,29154],{"className":87,"code":29153,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"result = person.popitem()\n",[15,29155,29156],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,29157,29158,29160,29162,29164,29166,29168],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,29159,305],{"class":100},[94,29161,105],{"class":104},[94,29163,13574],{"class":100},[94,29165,168],{"class":108},[94,29167,28878],{"class":152},[94,29169,511],{"class":108},[24,29171,29172],{},"Or unpack it into two variables:",[85,29174,29176],{"className":87,"code":29175,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"key, value = person.popitem()\n",[15,29177,29178],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,29179,29180,29182,29184,29186,29188,29190,29192,29194],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,29181,1142],{"class":100},[94,29183,116],{"class":108},[94,29185,21915],{"class":100},[94,29187,105],{"class":104},[94,29189,13574],{"class":100},[94,29191,168],{"class":108},[94,29193,28878],{"class":152},[94,29195,511],{"class":108},[80,29197,11805],{"id":11804},[24,29199,29200],{},"Here is a basic example showing what gets removed and what remains in the dictionary:",[85,29202,29204],{"className":87,"code":29203,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"scores = {\"Tom\": 80, \"Ana\": 95, \"Leo\": 88}\n\nremoved_pair = scores.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_pair)\nprint(\"After removal:\", scores)\n",[15,29205,29206,29254,29258,29273,29277,29297],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,29207,29208,29210,29212,29214,29216,29219,29221,29223,29225,29227,29229,29231,29233,29235,29238,29240,29242,29245,29247,29249,29252],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,29209,5401],{"class":100},[94,29211,105],{"class":104},[94,29213,10823],{"class":108},[94,29215,332],{"class":331},[94,29217,29218],{"class":335},"Tom",[94,29220,332],{"class":331},[94,29222,384],{"class":108},[94,29224,5413],{"class":112},[94,29226,116],{"class":108},[94,29228,1040],{"class":331},[94,29230,13206],{"class":335},[94,29232,332],{"class":331},[94,29234,384],{"class":108},[94,29236,29237],{"class":112}," 95",[94,29239,116],{"class":108},[94,29241,1040],{"class":331},[94,29243,29244],{"class":335},"Leo",[94,29246,332],{"class":331},[94,29248,384],{"class":108},[94,29250,29251],{"class":112}," 88",[94,29253,9641],{"class":108},[94,29255,29256],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,29257,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,29259,29260,29263,29265,29267,29269,29271],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,29261,29262],{"class":100},"removed_pair ",[94,29264,105],{"class":104},[94,29266,5448],{"class":100},[94,29268,168],{"class":108},[94,29270,28878],{"class":152},[94,29272,511],{"class":108},[94,29274,29275],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,29276,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,29278,29279,29281,29283,29285,29288,29290,29292,29295],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,29280,326],{"class":145},[94,29282,149],{"class":108},[94,29284,332],{"class":331},[94,29286,29287],{"class":335},"Removed:",[94,29289,332],{"class":331},[94,29291,116],{"class":108},[94,29293,29294],{"class":152}," removed_pair",[94,29296,316],{"class":108},[94,29298,29299,29301,29303,29305,29308,29310,29312,29314],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,29300,326],{"class":145},[94,29302,149],{"class":108},[94,29304,332],{"class":331},[94,29306,29307],{"class":335},"After removal:",[94,29309,332],{"class":331},[94,29311,116],{"class":108},[94,29313,5448],{"class":152},[94,29315,316],{"class":108},[24,29317,29318],{},[43,29319,371],{},[85,29321,29323],{"className":87,"code":29322,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"Removed: ('Leo', 88)\nAfter removal: {'Tom': 80, 'Ana': 95}\n",[15,29324,29325,29346],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,29326,29327,29330,29332,29334,29336,29338,29340,29342,29344],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,29328,29329],{"class":100},"Removed",[94,29331,384],{"class":108},[94,29333,854],{"class":108},[94,29335,968],{"class":331},[94,29337,29244],{"class":335},[94,29339,968],{"class":331},[94,29341,116],{"class":108},[94,29343,29251],{"class":112},[94,29345,316],{"class":108},[94,29347,29348,29351,29353,29355,29357,29359,29361,29363,29365,29367,29369,29371,29373,29375,29377],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,29349,29350],{"class":100},"After removal",[94,29352,384],{"class":108},[94,29354,10823],{"class":108},[94,29356,968],{"class":331},[94,29358,29218],{"class":335},[94,29360,968],{"class":331},[94,29362,384],{"class":108},[94,29364,5413],{"class":112},[94,29366,116],{"class":108},[94,29368,962],{"class":331},[94,29370,13206],{"class":335},[94,29372,968],{"class":331},[94,29374,384],{"class":108},[94,29376,29237],{"class":112},[94,29378,9641],{"class":108},[24,29380,29381,29382,29385],{},"The last inserted item was ",[15,29383,29384],{},"\"Leo\": 88",", so that is the pair that gets removed.",[80,29387,29389],{"id":29388},"using-tuple-unpacking","Using tuple unpacking",[24,29391,29392,29393,29395],{},"Because ",[15,29394,13095],{}," returns a tuple, tuple unpacking is often the easiest way to use it.",[85,29397,29399],{"className":87,"code":29398,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"book = {\"title\": \"Python Basics\", \"pages\": 200}\n\nkey, value = book.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Key:\", key)\nprint(\"Value:\", value)\nprint(\"Dictionary:\", book)\n",[15,29400,29401,29437,29441,29460,29464,29483,29502],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,29402,29403,29405,29407,29409,29411,29413,29415,29417,29419,29421,29423,29425,29427,29429,29431,29433,29435],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,29404,15775],{"class":100},[94,29406,105],{"class":104},[94,29408,10823],{"class":108},[94,29410,332],{"class":331},[94,29412,15786],{"class":335},[94,29414,332],{"class":331},[94,29416,384],{"class":108},[94,29418,1040],{"class":331},[94,29420,15795],{"class":335},[94,29422,332],{"class":331},[94,29424,116],{"class":108},[94,29426,1040],{"class":331},[94,29428,15806],{"class":335},[94,29430,332],{"class":331},[94,29432,384],{"class":108},[94,29434,27238],{"class":112},[94,29436,9641],{"class":108},[94,29438,29439],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,29440,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,29442,29443,29445,29447,29449,29451,29454,29456,29458],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,29444,1142],{"class":100},[94,29446,116],{"class":108},[94,29448,21915],{"class":100},[94,29450,105],{"class":104},[94,29452,29453],{"class":100}," book",[94,29455,168],{"class":108},[94,29457,28878],{"class":152},[94,29459,511],{"class":108},[94,29461,29462],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,29463,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,29465,29466,29468,29470,29472,29475,29477,29479,29481],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,29467,326],{"class":145},[94,29469,149],{"class":108},[94,29471,332],{"class":331},[94,29473,29474],{"class":335},"Key:",[94,29476,332],{"class":331},[94,29478,116],{"class":108},[94,29480,1367],{"class":152},[94,29482,316],{"class":108},[94,29484,29485,29487,29489,29491,29494,29496,29498,29500],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,29486,326],{"class":145},[94,29488,149],{"class":108},[94,29490,332],{"class":331},[94,29492,29493],{"class":335},"Value:",[94,29495,332],{"class":331},[94,29497,116],{"class":108},[94,29499,8766],{"class":152},[94,29501,316],{"class":108},[94,29503,29504,29506,29508,29510,29513,29515,29517,29519],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,29505,326],{"class":145},[94,29507,149],{"class":108},[94,29509,332],{"class":331},[94,29511,29512],{"class":335},"Dictionary:",[94,29514,332],{"class":331},[94,29516,116],{"class":108},[94,29518,29453],{"class":152},[94,29520,316],{"class":108},[24,29522,29523],{},[43,29524,371],{},[85,29526,29528],{"className":87,"code":29527,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"Key: pages\nValue: 200\nDictionary: {'title': 'Python Basics'}\n",[15,29529,29530,29540,29550],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,29531,29532,29535,29537],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,29533,29534],{"class":100},"Key",[94,29536,384],{"class":108},[94,29538,29539],{"class":100}," pages\n",[94,29541,29542,29545,29547],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,29543,29544],{"class":100},"Value",[94,29546,384],{"class":108},[94,29548,29549],{"class":112}," 200\n",[94,29551,29552,29555,29557,29559,29561,29563,29565,29567,29569,29571,29573],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,29553,29554],{"class":100},"Dictionary",[94,29556,384],{"class":108},[94,29558,10823],{"class":108},[94,29560,968],{"class":331},[94,29562,15786],{"class":335},[94,29564,968],{"class":331},[94,29566,384],{"class":108},[94,29568,962],{"class":331},[94,29570,15795],{"class":335},[94,29572,968],{"class":331},[94,29574,9641],{"class":108},[24,29576,29577],{},"This is useful when you want to process removed items one at a time.",[80,29579,29581],{"id":29580},"order-behavior","Order behavior",[24,29583,29584,29585,28809,29587,168],{},"In current Python versions, ",[15,29586,13095],{},[43,29588,28812],{},[24,29590,2566],{},[85,29592,29594],{"className":87,"code":29593,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2, \"z\": 3}\nprint(data.popitem())\n",[15,29595,29596,29640],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,29597,29598,29600,29602,29604,29606,29608,29610,29612,29614,29616,29618,29620,29622,29624,29626,29628,29630,29632,29634,29636,29638],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,29599,9499],{"class":100},[94,29601,105],{"class":104},[94,29603,10823],{"class":108},[94,29605,332],{"class":331},[94,29607,2531],{"class":335},[94,29609,332],{"class":331},[94,29611,384],{"class":108},[94,29613,119],{"class":112},[94,29615,116],{"class":108},[94,29617,1040],{"class":331},[94,29619,12075],{"class":335},[94,29621,332],{"class":331},[94,29623,384],{"class":108},[94,29625,124],{"class":112},[94,29627,116],{"class":108},[94,29629,1040],{"class":331},[94,29631,22408],{"class":335},[94,29633,332],{"class":331},[94,29635,384],{"class":108},[94,29637,421],{"class":112},[94,29639,9641],{"class":108},[94,29641,29642,29644,29646,29648,29650,29652],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,29643,326],{"class":145},[94,29645,149],{"class":108},[94,29647,9537],{"class":152},[94,29649,168],{"class":108},[94,29651,28878],{"class":152},[94,29653,7527],{"class":108},[24,29655,29656],{},[43,29657,371],{},[85,29659,29661],{"className":87,"code":29660,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"('z', 3)\n",[15,29662,29663],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,29664,29665,29667,29669,29671,29673,29675,29677],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,29666,149],{"class":108},[94,29668,968],{"class":331},[94,29670,22408],{"class":335},[94,29672,968],{"class":331},[94,29674,116],{"class":108},[94,29676,421],{"class":112},[94,29678,316],{"class":108},[24,29680,29681],{},"This matters because dictionaries keep insertion order in modern Python.",[24,29683,29684,29685,29687,29688,29690],{},"As a beginner, do ",[43,29686,45],{}," think of ",[15,29689,13095],{}," as removing a random item. In current Python, it removes the most recently added one.",[24,29692,29693,29694,2547,29698,17401,29702,168],{},"If you want to inspect dictionary contents without removing anything, see ",[434,29695,29696],{"href":17404},[15,29697,17407],{},[434,29699,29700],{"href":17391},[15,29701,17394],{},[434,29703,29704],{"href":17397},[15,29705,17400],{},[80,29707,29709,29710,1139,29712],{"id":29708},"difference-between-popitem-and-pop","Difference between ",[15,29711,13095],{},[15,29713,13088],{},[24,29715,29716,1139,29718,29720],{},[15,29717,13095],{},[15,29719,13088],{}," both remove data from a dictionary, but they work differently.",[265,29722,29723],{"id":28878},[15,29724,13095],{},[28,29726,29727,29730,29733],{},[31,29728,29729],{},"removes the last inserted item automatically",[31,29731,29732],{},"does not need a key argument",[31,29734,463,29735],{},[15,29736,21986],{},[265,29738,29739],{"id":26572},[15,29740,13088],{},[28,29742,29743,29746,29749],{},[31,29744,29745],{},"removes the item for a specific key",[31,29747,29748],{},"needs the key name",[31,29750,29751],{},"returns only the value",[24,29753,2566],{},[85,29755,29757],{"className":87,"code":29756,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nitem = data.popitem()\nprint(\"popitem():\", item)\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"a\")\nprint(\"pop('a'):\", value)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,29758,29759,29803,29807,29821,29841,29845,29867,29886,29890],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,29760,29761,29763,29765,29767,29769,29771,29773,29775,29777,29779,29781,29783,29785,29787,29789,29791,29793,29795,29797,29799,29801],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,29762,9499],{"class":100},[94,29764,105],{"class":104},[94,29766,10823],{"class":108},[94,29768,332],{"class":331},[94,29770,434],{"class":335},[94,29772,332],{"class":331},[94,29774,384],{"class":108},[94,29776,119],{"class":112},[94,29778,116],{"class":108},[94,29780,1040],{"class":331},[94,29782,1937],{"class":335},[94,29784,332],{"class":331},[94,29786,384],{"class":108},[94,29788,124],{"class":112},[94,29790,116],{"class":108},[94,29792,1040],{"class":331},[94,29794,1946],{"class":335},[94,29796,332],{"class":331},[94,29798,384],{"class":108},[94,29800,421],{"class":112},[94,29802,9641],{"class":108},[94,29804,29805],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,29806,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,29808,29809,29811,29813,29815,29817,29819],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,29810,28869],{"class":100},[94,29812,105],{"class":104},[94,29814,14894],{"class":100},[94,29816,168],{"class":108},[94,29818,28878],{"class":152},[94,29820,511],{"class":108},[94,29822,29823,29825,29827,29829,29832,29834,29836,29839],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,29824,326],{"class":145},[94,29826,149],{"class":108},[94,29828,332],{"class":331},[94,29830,29831],{"class":335},"popitem():",[94,29833,332],{"class":331},[94,29835,116],{"class":108},[94,29837,29838],{"class":152}," item",[94,29840,316],{"class":108},[94,29842,29843],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,29844,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,29846,29847,29849,29851,29853,29855,29857,29859,29861,29863,29865],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,29848,2804],{"class":100},[94,29850,105],{"class":104},[94,29852,14894],{"class":100},[94,29854,168],{"class":108},[94,29856,26572],{"class":152},[94,29858,149],{"class":108},[94,29860,332],{"class":331},[94,29862,434],{"class":335},[94,29864,332],{"class":331},[94,29866,316],{"class":108},[94,29868,29869,29871,29873,29875,29878,29880,29882,29884],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,29870,326],{"class":145},[94,29872,149],{"class":108},[94,29874,332],{"class":331},[94,29876,29877],{"class":335},"pop('a'):",[94,29879,332],{"class":331},[94,29881,116],{"class":108},[94,29883,8766],{"class":152},[94,29885,316],{"class":108},[94,29887,29888],{"class":96,"line":702},[94,29889,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,29891,29892,29894,29896,29898],{"class":96,"line":6763},[94,29893,326],{"class":145},[94,29895,149],{"class":108},[94,29897,9537],{"class":152},[94,29899,316],{"class":108},[24,29901,29902],{},[43,29903,371],{},[85,29905,29907],{"className":87,"code":29906,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"popitem(): ('c', 3)\npop('a'): 1\n{'b': 2}\n",[15,29908,29909,29929,29946],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,29910,29911,29913,29915,29917,29919,29921,29923,29925,29927],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,29912,28878],{"class":152},[94,29914,738],{"class":108},[94,29916,854],{"class":108},[94,29918,968],{"class":331},[94,29920,1946],{"class":335},[94,29922,968],{"class":331},[94,29924,116],{"class":108},[94,29926,421],{"class":112},[94,29928,316],{"class":108},[94,29930,29931,29933,29935,29937,29939,29941,29943],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,29932,26572],{"class":152},[94,29934,149],{"class":108},[94,29936,968],{"class":331},[94,29938,434],{"class":335},[94,29940,968],{"class":331},[94,29942,16780],{"class":108},[94,29944,29945],{"class":112}," 1\n",[94,29947,29948,29950,29952,29954,29956,29958,29960],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,29949,9610],{"class":108},[94,29951,968],{"class":331},[94,29953,1937],{"class":335},[94,29955,968],{"class":331},[94,29957,384],{"class":108},[94,29959,124],{"class":112},[94,29961,9641],{"class":108},[24,29963,54,29964,29968],{},[434,29965,29966],{"href":12892},[15,29967,13088],{}," when you know the key.",[24,29970,54,29971,29973],{},[15,29972,13095],{}," when you want to remove one item without naming the key.",[80,29975,29977],{"id":29976},"what-happens-if-the-dictionary-is-empty","What happens if the dictionary is empty",[24,29979,29980,29981,29983],{},"Calling ",[15,29982,13095],{}," on an empty dictionary raises an error:",[85,29985,29987],{"className":87,"code":29986,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"data = {}\ndata.popitem()\n",[15,29988,29989,29997],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,29990,29991,29993,29995],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,29992,9499],{"class":100},[94,29994,105],{"class":104},[94,29996,10170],{"class":108},[94,29998,29999,30001,30003,30005],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,30000,9537],{"class":100},[94,30002,168],{"class":108},[94,30004,28878],{"class":152},[94,30006,511],{"class":108},[24,30008,30009],{},[43,30010,30011],{},"Error:",[85,30013,30015],{"className":87,"code":30014,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"KeyError: 'popitem(): dictionary is empty'\n",[15,30016,30017],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,30018,30019,30021,30023,30025,30028],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,30020,20018],{"class":913},[94,30022,384],{"class":108},[94,30024,962],{"class":331},[94,30026,30027],{"class":335},"popitem(): dictionary is empty",[94,30029,30030],{"class":331},"'\n",[265,30032,30034],{"id":30033},"fix-1-check-that-the-dictionary-is-not-empty","Fix 1: Check that the dictionary is not empty",[85,30036,30038],{"className":87,"code":30037,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"data = {}\n\nif data:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nelse:\n    print(\"Dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,30039,30040,30048,30052,30060,30075,30085,30091],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,30041,30042,30044,30046],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,30043,9499],{"class":100},[94,30045,105],{"class":104},[94,30047,10170],{"class":108},[94,30049,30050],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,30051,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,30053,30054,30056,30058],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,30055,7330],{"class":4221},[94,30057,14894],{"class":100},[94,30059,6726],{"class":108},[94,30061,30062,30065,30067,30069,30071,30073],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,30063,30064],{"class":100},"    item ",[94,30066,105],{"class":104},[94,30068,14894],{"class":100},[94,30070,168],{"class":108},[94,30072,28878],{"class":152},[94,30074,511],{"class":108},[94,30076,30077,30079,30081,30083],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,30078,8404],{"class":145},[94,30080,149],{"class":108},[94,30082,23642],{"class":152},[94,30084,316],{"class":108},[94,30086,30087,30089],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,30088,27765],{"class":4221},[94,30090,6726],{"class":108},[94,30092,30093,30095,30097,30099,30102,30104],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,30094,8404],{"class":145},[94,30096,149],{"class":108},[94,30098,332],{"class":331},[94,30100,30101],{"class":335},"Dictionary is empty",[94,30103,332],{"class":331},[94,30105,316],{"class":108},[265,30107,30109,30110],{"id":30108},"fix-2-use-try-except","Fix 2: Use ",[15,30111,30112],{},"try-except",[85,30114,30116],{"className":87,"code":30115,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"data = {}\n\ntry:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary\")\n",[15,30117,30118,30126,30130,30137,30151,30161,30171],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,30119,30120,30122,30124],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,30121,9499],{"class":100},[94,30123,105],{"class":104},[94,30125,10170],{"class":108},[94,30127,30128],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,30129,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,30131,30132,30135],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,30133,30134],{"class":4221},"try",[94,30136,6726],{"class":108},[94,30138,30139,30141,30143,30145,30147,30149],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,30140,30064],{"class":100},[94,30142,105],{"class":104},[94,30144,14894],{"class":100},[94,30146,168],{"class":108},[94,30148,28878],{"class":152},[94,30150,511],{"class":108},[94,30152,30153,30155,30157,30159],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,30154,8404],{"class":145},[94,30156,149],{"class":108},[94,30158,23642],{"class":152},[94,30160,316],{"class":108},[94,30162,30163,30166,30169],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,30164,30165],{"class":4221},"except",[94,30167,30168],{"class":913}," KeyError",[94,30170,6726],{"class":108},[94,30172,30173,30175,30177,30179,30182,30184],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,30174,8404],{"class":145},[94,30176,149],{"class":108},[94,30178,332],{"class":331},[94,30180,30181],{"class":335},"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary",[94,30183,332],{"class":331},[94,30185,316],{"class":108},[24,30187,30188,30189,168],{},"If you are troubleshooting this error, see ",[434,30190,26011,30192],{"href":30191},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-popitem-dictionary-is-empty-fix\u002F",[15,30193,30194],{},"KeyError: popitem(): dictionary is empty",[80,30196,815,30198],{"id":30197},"when-to-use-popitem",[15,30199,13095],{},[24,30201,30202,30204],{},[15,30203,13095],{}," is useful when:",[28,30206,30207,30210,30213],{},[31,30208,30209],{},"you want to remove and get one item at the same time",[31,30211,30212],{},"you are processing items until a dictionary becomes empty",[31,30214,30215],{},"dictionary order matters in your program",[24,30217,30218],{},"Example of processing items until the dictionary is empty:",[85,30220,30222],{"className":87,"code":30221,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"tasks = {\n    \"first\": \"wash dishes\",\n    \"second\": \"do homework\",\n    \"third\": \"read book\"\n}\n\nwhile tasks:\n    key, value = tasks.popitem()\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,30223,30224,30233,30253,30273,30291,30295,30299,30309,30328],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,30225,30226,30229,30231],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,30227,30228],{"class":100},"tasks ",[94,30230,105],{"class":104},[94,30232,11823],{"class":108},[94,30234,30235,30237,30240,30242,30244,30246,30249,30251],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,30236,11828],{"class":331},[94,30238,30239],{"class":335},"first",[94,30241,332],{"class":331},[94,30243,384],{"class":108},[94,30245,1040],{"class":331},[94,30247,30248],{"class":335},"wash dishes",[94,30250,332],{"class":331},[94,30252,11844],{"class":108},[94,30254,30255,30257,30260,30262,30264,30266,30269,30271],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,30256,11828],{"class":331},[94,30258,30259],{"class":335},"second",[94,30261,332],{"class":331},[94,30263,384],{"class":108},[94,30265,1040],{"class":331},[94,30267,30268],{"class":335},"do homework",[94,30270,332],{"class":331},[94,30272,11844],{"class":108},[94,30274,30275,30277,30280,30282,30284,30286,30289],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,30276,11828],{"class":331},[94,30278,30279],{"class":335},"third",[94,30281,332],{"class":331},[94,30283,384],{"class":108},[94,30285,1040],{"class":331},[94,30287,30288],{"class":335},"read book",[94,30290,1812],{"class":331},[94,30292,30293],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,30294,9641],{"class":108},[94,30296,30297],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,30298,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,30300,30301,30304,30307],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,30302,30303],{"class":4221},"while",[94,30305,30306],{"class":100}," tasks",[94,30308,6726],{"class":108},[94,30310,30311,30314,30316,30318,30320,30322,30324,30326],{"class":96,"line":702},[94,30312,30313],{"class":100},"    key",[94,30315,116],{"class":108},[94,30317,21915],{"class":100},[94,30319,105],{"class":104},[94,30321,30306],{"class":100},[94,30323,168],{"class":108},[94,30325,28878],{"class":152},[94,30327,511],{"class":108},[94,30329,30330,30332,30334,30336,30338,30340,30342,30344,30346,30348,30350,30352,30354],{"class":96,"line":6763},[94,30331,8404],{"class":145},[94,30333,149],{"class":108},[94,30335,22625],{"class":958},[94,30337,332],{"class":335},[94,30339,9610],{"class":112},[94,30341,1142],{"class":152},[94,30343,22634],{"class":112},[94,30345,22637],{"class":335},[94,30347,9610],{"class":112},[94,30349,2829],{"class":152},[94,30351,22634],{"class":112},[94,30353,332],{"class":335},[94,30355,316],{"class":108},[24,30357,30358],{},[43,30359,30360],{},"Possible output:",[85,30362,30364],{"className":87,"code":30363,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"third: read book\nsecond: do homework\nfirst: wash dishes\n",[15,30365,30366,30375,30384],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,30367,30368,30370,30372],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,30369,30279],{"class":100},[94,30371,384],{"class":108},[94,30373,30374],{"class":100}," read book\n",[94,30376,30377,30379,30381],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,30378,30259],{"class":100},[94,30380,384],{"class":108},[94,30382,30383],{"class":100}," do homework\n",[94,30385,30386,30388,30390],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,30387,30239],{"class":100},[94,30389,384],{"class":108},[94,30391,30392],{"class":100}," wash dishes\n",[24,30394,29392,30395,30397],{},[15,30396,13095],{}," removes the last inserted item, this works like removing items from the end.",[80,30399,3186],{"id":3185},[24,30401,15061,30402,384],{},[15,30403,13095],{},[28,30405,30406,30420,30439,30450],{},[31,30407,30408,30413],{},[43,30409,29980,30410,30412],{},[15,30411,13095],{}," on an empty dictionary",[28,30414,30415],{},[31,30416,30417,30418,168],{},"This raises ",[15,30419,20018],{},[31,30421,30422,30427],{},[43,30423,8786,30424,30426],{},[15,30425,13095],{}," to remove a specific key",[28,30428,30429,30432],{},[31,30430,30431],{},"It does not let you choose the key.",[31,30433,54,30434,30438],{},[434,30435,30436],{"href":12892},[15,30437,13088],{}," if you need that.",[31,30440,30441,30445],{},[43,30442,5047,30443,28031],{},[15,30444,13095],{},[28,30446,30447],{},[31,30448,30449],{},"The removed item is gone after the call.",[31,30451,30452,30455],{},[43,30453,30454],{},"Assuming the return value is only the value",[28,30456,30457],{},[31,30458,30459,22306,30461,30463],{},[15,30460,13095],{},[15,30462,21986],{}," tuple.",[24,30465,30466],{},"Helpful debugging checks:",[85,30468,30470],{"className":87,"code":30469,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(my_dict)\nprint(len(my_dict))\n\nitem = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(item)\n",[15,30471,30472,30482,30496,30500,30514],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,30473,30474,30476,30478,30480],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,30475,326],{"class":145},[94,30477,149],{"class":108},[94,30479,11779],{"class":152},[94,30481,316],{"class":108},[94,30483,30484,30486,30488,30490,30492,30494],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,30485,326],{"class":145},[94,30487,149],{"class":108},[94,30489,11490],{"class":145},[94,30491,149],{"class":108},[94,30493,11779],{"class":152},[94,30495,921],{"class":108},[94,30497,30498],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,30499,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,30501,30502,30504,30506,30508,30510,30512],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,30503,28869],{"class":100},[94,30505,105],{"class":104},[94,30507,12096],{"class":100},[94,30509,168],{"class":108},[94,30511,28878],{"class":152},[94,30513,511],{"class":108},[94,30515,30516,30518,30520,30522],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,30517,326],{"class":145},[94,30519,149],{"class":108},[94,30521,23642],{"class":152},[94,30523,316],{"class":108},[24,30525,30526],{},"Or with unpacking:",[85,30528,30530],{"className":87,"code":30529,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"key, value = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(key)\nprint(value)\n",[15,30531,30532,30550,30560],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,30533,30534,30536,30538,30540,30542,30544,30546,30548],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,30535,1142],{"class":100},[94,30537,116],{"class":108},[94,30539,21915],{"class":100},[94,30541,105],{"class":104},[94,30543,12096],{"class":100},[94,30545,168],{"class":108},[94,30547,28878],{"class":152},[94,30549,511],{"class":108},[94,30551,30552,30554,30556,30558],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,30553,326],{"class":145},[94,30555,149],{"class":108},[94,30557,1142],{"class":152},[94,30559,316],{"class":108},[94,30561,30562,30564,30566,30568],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,30563,326],{"class":145},[94,30565,149],{"class":108},[94,30567,2829],{"class":152},[94,30569,316],{"class":108},[80,30571,2160],{"id":2159},[265,30573,5479,30575,5482],{"id":30574},"what-does-popitem-return-in-python",[15,30576,13095],{},[24,30578,30579,30580,168],{},"It returns the removed key-value pair as a tuple, such as ",[15,30581,30582],{},"('name', 'Alice')",[265,30584,13029,30586,30588],{"id":30585},"does-popitem-remove-the-last-item",[15,30587,13095],{}," remove the last item?",[24,30590,30591],{},"Yes. In modern Python, it removes the last inserted key-value pair.",[265,30593,30595,30596,30598],{"id":30594},"can-i-choose-which-key-popitem-removes","Can I choose which key ",[15,30597,13095],{}," removes?",[24,30600,30601,30602,30606],{},"No. Use ",[434,30603,30604],{"href":12892},[15,30605,13088],{}," if you want to remove a specific key.",[265,30608,13029,30610,15223],{"id":30609},"does-popitem-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,30611,13095],{},[24,30613,30614],{},"Yes. The item is removed from the dictionary.",[265,30616,30618,30619,30621],{"id":30617},"what-error-does-popitem-raise-on-an-empty-dictionary","What error does ",[15,30620,13095],{}," raise on an empty dictionary?",[24,30623,30624,30625,30627,30628,168],{},"It raises ",[15,30626,20018],{}," with the message ",[15,30629,30027],{},[80,30631,2232],{"id":2231},[28,30633,30634,30641,30647,30653,30659,30666,30670,30674],{},[31,30635,30636],{},[434,30637,30638,30640],{"href":12892},[15,30639,13088],{}," method for dictionaries",[31,30642,30643],{},[434,30644,30645,30640],{"href":17404},[15,30646,17407],{},[31,30648,30649],{},[434,30650,30651,30640],{"href":17391},[15,30652,17394],{},[31,30654,30655],{},[434,30656,30657,30640],{"href":17397},[15,30658,17400],{},[31,30660,30661],{},[434,30662,30664,30640],{"href":30663},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method\u002F",[15,30665,11650],{},[31,30667,30668],{},[434,30669,13112],{"href":12899},[31,30671,30672],{},[434,30673,21789],{"href":16925},[31,30675,30676],{},[434,30677,30678,30679],{"href":30191},"Fix ",[15,30680,30194],{},[2260,30682,30683],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":90,"searchDepth":130,"depth":130,"links":30685},[30686,30687,30689,30690,30691,30692,30693,30694,30699,30704,30706,30707,30719],{"id":2360,"depth":130,"text":2361},{"id":28965,"depth":130,"text":30688},"What popitem() does",{"id":2513,"depth":130,"text":2514},{"id":29035,"depth":130,"text":29036},{"id":11804,"depth":130,"text":11805},{"id":29388,"depth":130,"text":29389},{"id":29580,"depth":130,"text":29581},{"id":29708,"depth":130,"text":30695,"children":30696},"Difference between popitem() and pop()",[30697,30698],{"id":28878,"depth":137,"text":13095},{"id":26572,"depth":137,"text":13088},{"id":29976,"depth":130,"text":29977,"children":30700},[30701,30702],{"id":30033,"depth":137,"text":30034},{"id":30108,"depth":137,"text":30703},"Fix 2: Use try-except",{"id":30197,"depth":130,"text":30705},"When to use popitem()",{"id":3185,"depth":130,"text":3186},{"id":2159,"depth":130,"text":2160,"children":30708},[30709,30711,30713,30715,30717],{"id":30574,"depth":137,"text":30710},"What does popitem() return in Python?",{"id":30585,"depth":137,"text":30712},"Does popitem() remove the last item?",{"id":30594,"depth":137,"text":30714},"Can I choose which key popitem() removes?",{"id":30609,"depth":137,"text":30716},"Does popitem() change the original dictionary?",{"id":30617,"depth":137,"text":30718},"What error does popitem() raise on an empty dictionary?",{"id":2231,"depth":130,"text":2232},"Master python dictionary popitem method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method",{"title":28704,"description":30720},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method","d7cKBI9V3R325yBRPJbIvubWICPrhq9HWsLXK3gZqNw",{"id":30727,"title":30728,"body":30729,"description":32631,"extension":2319,"meta":32632,"navigation":133,"path":14360,"seo":32633,"stem":32634,"__hash__":32635},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method.md","Python Dictionary update() Method",{"type":7,"value":30730,"toc":32603},[30731,30736,30741,30744,30746,30843,30848,30853,30858,30861,30869,30872,30887,30889,30989,30991,31048,31052,31054,31057,31077,31082,31093,31096,31123,31126,31128,31185,31187,31208,31214,31219,31222,31233,31235,31343,31345,31398,31400,31412,31419,31425,31430,31433,31521,31523,31568,31571,31579,31582,31585,31654,31657,31660,31664,31667,31738,31740,31793,31796,31799,31802,31817,31820,31832,31835,31898,31900,31906,31908,31910,31989,31991,32032,32034,32099,32101,32138,32143,32148,32152,32166,32169,32292,32294,32379,32384,32386,32390,32412,32415,32494,32497,32516,32521,32523,32529,32534,32540,32543,32549,32552,32558,32563,32569,32575,32577,32600],[10,30732,11647,30734,11651],{"id":30733},"python-dictionary-update-method",[15,30735,15281],{},[24,30737,2336,30738,30740],{},[15,30739,15281],{}," method changes a dictionary by adding new key-value pairs or replacing existing values.",[24,30742,30743],{},"Use it when you want to modify an existing dictionary instead of creating a new one.",[80,30745,2361],{"id":2360},[85,30747,30749],{"className":87,"code":30748,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nperson.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,30750,30751,30787,30828,30838],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,30752,30753,30755,30757,30759,30761,30763,30765,30767,30769,30771,30773,30775,30777,30779,30781,30783,30785],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,30754,13531],{"class":100},[94,30756,105],{"class":104},[94,30758,10823],{"class":108},[94,30760,332],{"class":331},[94,30762,8001],{"class":335},[94,30764,332],{"class":331},[94,30766,384],{"class":108},[94,30768,1040],{"class":331},[94,30770,13206],{"class":335},[94,30772,332],{"class":331},[94,30774,116],{"class":108},[94,30776,1040],{"class":331},[94,30778,9631],{"class":335},[94,30780,332],{"class":331},[94,30782,384],{"class":108},[94,30784,8124],{"class":112},[94,30786,9641],{"class":108},[94,30788,30789,30791,30793,30796,30798,30800,30802,30804,30806,30809,30811,30813,30815,30817,30819,30821,30823,30825],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,30790,17636],{"class":100},[94,30792,168],{"class":108},[94,30794,30795],{"class":152},"update",[94,30797,5861],{"class":108},[94,30799,332],{"class":331},[94,30801,9631],{"class":335},[94,30803,332],{"class":331},[94,30805,384],{"class":108},[94,30807,30808],{"class":112}," 21",[94,30810,116],{"class":108},[94,30812,1040],{"class":331},[94,30814,10741],{"class":335},[94,30816,332],{"class":331},[94,30818,384],{"class":108},[94,30820,1040],{"class":331},[94,30822,16359],{"class":335},[94,30824,332],{"class":331},[94,30826,30827],{"class":108},"})\n",[94,30829,30830,30832,30834,30836],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,30831,326],{"class":145},[94,30833,149],{"class":108},[94,30835,17636],{"class":152},[94,30837,316],{"class":108},[94,30839,30840],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,30841,30842],{"class":159},"# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[24,30844,54,30845,30847],{},[15,30846,15281],{}," to add new keys or overwrite existing keys from another dictionary or iterable of key-value pairs.",[80,30849,215,30851,218],{"id":30850},"what-update-does",[15,30852,15281],{},[24,30854,30855,30857],{},[15,30856,15281],{}," modifies the original dictionary in place.",[24,30859,30860],{},"It can do two main things:",[28,30862,30863,30866],{},[31,30864,30865],{},"Add new key-value pairs",[31,30867,30868],{},"Replace values for keys that already exist",[24,30870,30871],{},"Important things to know:",[28,30873,30874,30877,30880,30884],{},[31,30875,30876],{},"It changes the dictionary directly",[31,30878,30879],{},"It does not sort the dictionary",[31,30881,5485,30882],{},[15,30883,77],{},[31,30885,30886],{},"You should not assign its result to a new variable",[24,30888,2566],{},[85,30890,30892],{"className":87,"code":30891,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"student = {\"name\": \"Mira\", \"grade\": \"B\"}\nstudent.update({\"grade\": \"A\", \"city\": \"Quito\"})\nprint(student)\n",[15,30893,30894,30936,30979],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,30895,30896,30898,30900,30902,30904,30906,30908,30910,30912,30915,30917,30919,30921,30923,30925,30927,30929,30932,30934],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,30897,13189],{"class":100},[94,30899,105],{"class":104},[94,30901,10823],{"class":108},[94,30903,332],{"class":331},[94,30905,8001],{"class":335},[94,30907,332],{"class":331},[94,30909,384],{"class":108},[94,30911,1040],{"class":331},[94,30913,30914],{"class":335},"Mira",[94,30916,332],{"class":331},[94,30918,116],{"class":108},[94,30920,1040],{"class":331},[94,30922,20222],{"class":335},[94,30924,332],{"class":331},[94,30926,384],{"class":108},[94,30928,1040],{"class":331},[94,30930,30931],{"class":335},"B",[94,30933,332],{"class":331},[94,30935,9641],{"class":108},[94,30937,30938,30940,30942,30944,30946,30948,30950,30952,30954,30956,30958,30960,30962,30964,30966,30968,30970,30972,30975,30977],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,30939,13953],{"class":100},[94,30941,168],{"class":108},[94,30943,30795],{"class":152},[94,30945,5861],{"class":108},[94,30947,332],{"class":331},[94,30949,20222],{"class":335},[94,30951,332],{"class":331},[94,30953,384],{"class":108},[94,30955,1040],{"class":331},[94,30957,22576],{"class":335},[94,30959,332],{"class":331},[94,30961,116],{"class":108},[94,30963,1040],{"class":331},[94,30965,10741],{"class":335},[94,30967,332],{"class":331},[94,30969,384],{"class":108},[94,30971,1040],{"class":331},[94,30973,30974],{"class":335},"Quito",[94,30976,332],{"class":331},[94,30978,30827],{"class":108},[94,30980,30981,30983,30985,30987],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,30982,326],{"class":145},[94,30984,149],{"class":108},[94,30986,13953],{"class":152},[94,30988,316],{"class":108},[24,30990,371],{},[85,30992,30994],{"className":87,"code":30993,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"{'name': 'Mira', 'grade': 'A', 'city': 'Quito'}\n",[15,30995,30996],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,30997,30998,31000,31002,31004,31006,31008,31010,31012,31014,31016,31018,31020,31022,31024,31026,31028,31030,31032,31034,31036,31038,31040,31042,31044,31046],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,30999,9610],{"class":108},[94,31001,968],{"class":331},[94,31003,8001],{"class":335},[94,31005,968],{"class":331},[94,31007,384],{"class":108},[94,31009,962],{"class":331},[94,31011,30914],{"class":335},[94,31013,968],{"class":331},[94,31015,116],{"class":108},[94,31017,962],{"class":331},[94,31019,20222],{"class":335},[94,31021,968],{"class":331},[94,31023,384],{"class":108},[94,31025,962],{"class":331},[94,31027,22576],{"class":335},[94,31029,968],{"class":331},[94,31031,116],{"class":108},[94,31033,962],{"class":331},[94,31035,10741],{"class":335},[94,31037,968],{"class":331},[94,31039,384],{"class":108},[94,31041,962],{"class":331},[94,31043,30974],{"class":335},[94,31045,968],{"class":331},[94,31047,9641],{"class":108},[24,31049,9485,31050,168],{},[434,31051,24960],{"href":9723},[80,31053,2514],{"id":2513},[24,31055,31056],{},"The basic form is:",[85,31058,31060],{"className":87,"code":31059,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"dictionary.update(other)\n",[15,31061,31062],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,31063,31064,31066,31068,31070,31072,31075],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,31065,15932],{"class":100},[94,31067,168],{"class":108},[94,31069,30795],{"class":152},[94,31071,149],{"class":108},[94,31073,31074],{"class":152},"other",[94,31076,316],{"class":108},[24,31078,31079,31081],{},[15,31080,31074],{}," can be:",[28,31083,31084,31087,31090],{},[31,31085,31086],{},"Another dictionary",[31,31088,31089],{},"An iterable of key-value pairs",[31,31091,31092],{},"Keyword arguments",[24,31094,31095],{},"You can also use:",[85,31097,31099],{"className":87,"code":31098,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"dictionary.update(name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,31100,31101],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,31102,31103,31105,31107,31109,31111,31113,31115,31117,31119,31121],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,31104,15932],{"class":100},[94,31106,168],{"class":108},[94,31108,30795],{"class":152},[94,31110,149],{"class":108},[94,31112,8001],{"class":1218},[94,31114,105],{"class":104},[94,31116,332],{"class":331},[94,31118,8010],{"class":335},[94,31120,332],{"class":331},[94,31122,316],{"class":108},[24,31124,31125],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins.",[24,31127,2566],{},[85,31129,31131],{"className":87,"code":31130,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"data = {\"a\": 1}\ndata.update({\"a\": 10})\nprint(data)\n",[15,31132,31133,31153,31175],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,31134,31135,31137,31139,31141,31143,31145,31147,31149,31151],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,31136,9499],{"class":100},[94,31138,105],{"class":104},[94,31140,10823],{"class":108},[94,31142,332],{"class":331},[94,31144,434],{"class":335},[94,31146,332],{"class":331},[94,31148,384],{"class":108},[94,31150,119],{"class":112},[94,31152,9641],{"class":108},[94,31154,31155,31157,31159,31161,31163,31165,31167,31169,31171,31173],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,31156,9537],{"class":100},[94,31158,168],{"class":108},[94,31160,30795],{"class":152},[94,31162,5861],{"class":108},[94,31164,332],{"class":331},[94,31166,434],{"class":335},[94,31168,332],{"class":331},[94,31170,384],{"class":108},[94,31172,6336],{"class":112},[94,31174,30827],{"class":108},[94,31176,31177,31179,31181,31183],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,31178,326],{"class":145},[94,31180,149],{"class":108},[94,31182,9537],{"class":152},[94,31184,316],{"class":108},[24,31186,371],{},[85,31188,31190],{"className":87,"code":31189,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"{'a': 10}\n",[15,31191,31192],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,31193,31194,31196,31198,31200,31202,31204,31206],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,31195,9610],{"class":108},[94,31197,968],{"class":331},[94,31199,434],{"class":335},[94,31201,968],{"class":331},[94,31203,384],{"class":108},[94,31205,6336],{"class":112},[94,31207,9641],{"class":108},[80,31209,1484,31211,31213],{"id":31210},"using-update-with-another-dictionary",[15,31212,15281],{}," with another dictionary",[24,31215,31216,31217,168],{},"This is the most common use of ",[15,31218,15281],{},[24,31220,31221],{},"It is useful when:",[28,31223,31224,31227,31230],{},[31,31225,31226],{},"Merging small dictionaries",[31,31228,31229],{},"Adding extra settings",[31,31231,31232],{},"Updating stored data",[24,31234,2566],{},[85,31236,31238],{"className":87,"code":31237,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"settings = {\"theme\": \"light\", \"font_size\": 12}\nnew_settings = {\"font_size\": 14, \"language\": \"en\"}\n\nsettings.update(new_settings)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,31239,31240,31277,31314,31318,31333],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,31241,31242,31244,31246,31248,31250,31252,31254,31256,31258,31260,31262,31264,31266,31268,31270,31272,31275],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,31243,14153],{"class":100},[94,31245,105],{"class":104},[94,31247,10823],{"class":108},[94,31249,332],{"class":331},[94,31251,12820],{"class":335},[94,31253,332],{"class":331},[94,31255,384],{"class":108},[94,31257,1040],{"class":331},[94,31259,21259],{"class":335},[94,31261,332],{"class":331},[94,31263,116],{"class":108},[94,31265,1040],{"class":331},[94,31267,14178],{"class":335},[94,31269,332],{"class":331},[94,31271,384],{"class":108},[94,31273,31274],{"class":112}," 12",[94,31276,9641],{"class":108},[94,31278,31279,31282,31284,31286,31288,31290,31292,31294,31296,31298,31300,31302,31304,31306,31308,31310,31312],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,31280,31281],{"class":100},"new_settings ",[94,31283,105],{"class":104},[94,31285,10823],{"class":108},[94,31287,332],{"class":331},[94,31289,14178],{"class":335},[94,31291,332],{"class":331},[94,31293,384],{"class":108},[94,31295,14185],{"class":112},[94,31297,116],{"class":108},[94,31299,1040],{"class":331},[94,31301,20454],{"class":335},[94,31303,332],{"class":331},[94,31305,384],{"class":108},[94,31307,1040],{"class":331},[94,31309,20488],{"class":335},[94,31311,332],{"class":331},[94,31313,9641],{"class":108},[94,31315,31316],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,31317,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,31319,31320,31322,31324,31326,31328,31331],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,31321,14212],{"class":100},[94,31323,168],{"class":108},[94,31325,30795],{"class":152},[94,31327,149],{"class":108},[94,31329,31330],{"class":152},"new_settings",[94,31332,316],{"class":108},[94,31334,31335,31337,31339,31341],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,31336,326],{"class":145},[94,31338,149],{"class":108},[94,31340,14212],{"class":152},[94,31342,316],{"class":108},[24,31344,371],{},[85,31346,31348],{"className":87,"code":31347,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"{'theme': 'light', 'font_size': 14, 'language': 'en'}\n",[15,31349,31350],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,31351,31352,31354,31356,31358,31360,31362,31364,31366,31368,31370,31372,31374,31376,31378,31380,31382,31384,31386,31388,31390,31392,31394,31396],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,31353,9610],{"class":108},[94,31355,968],{"class":331},[94,31357,12820],{"class":335},[94,31359,968],{"class":331},[94,31361,384],{"class":108},[94,31363,962],{"class":331},[94,31365,21259],{"class":335},[94,31367,968],{"class":331},[94,31369,116],{"class":108},[94,31371,962],{"class":331},[94,31373,14178],{"class":335},[94,31375,968],{"class":331},[94,31377,384],{"class":108},[94,31379,14185],{"class":112},[94,31381,116],{"class":108},[94,31383,962],{"class":331},[94,31385,20454],{"class":335},[94,31387,968],{"class":331},[94,31389,384],{"class":108},[94,31391,962],{"class":331},[94,31393,20488],{"class":335},[94,31395,968],{"class":331},[94,31397,9641],{"class":108},[24,31399,13736],{},[28,31401,31402,31407],{},[31,31403,31404,31406],{},[15,31405,14178],{}," already existed, so its value was replaced",[31,31408,31409,31411],{},[15,31410,20454],{}," did not exist, so it was added",[24,31413,31414,31415,168],{},"If you want a task-focused guide, see ",[434,31416,31418],{"href":31417},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-merge-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","how to merge dictionaries in Python",[80,31420,1484,31422,31424],{"id":31421},"using-update-with-key-value-pairs",[15,31423,15281],{}," with key-value pairs",[24,31426,31427,31429],{},[15,31428,15281],{}," also works with iterables that contain pairs.",[24,31431,31432],{},"For example, you can pass a list of tuples:",[85,31434,31436],{"className":87,"code":31435,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"scores = {\"math\": 90}\npairs = [(\"science\", 85), (\"english\", 88)]\n\nscores.update(pairs)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,31437,31438,31458,31493,31497,31511],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,31439,31440,31442,31444,31446,31448,31450,31452,31454,31456],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,31441,5401],{"class":100},[94,31443,105],{"class":104},[94,31445,10823],{"class":108},[94,31447,332],{"class":331},[94,31449,18747],{"class":335},[94,31451,332],{"class":331},[94,31453,384],{"class":108},[94,31455,20229],{"class":112},[94,31457,9641],{"class":108},[94,31459,31460,31462,31464,31466,31468,31470,31472,31474,31476,31478,31480,31482,31485,31487,31489,31491],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,31461,9548],{"class":100},[94,31463,105],{"class":104},[94,31465,9553],{"class":108},[94,31467,332],{"class":331},[94,31469,18756],{"class":335},[94,31471,332],{"class":331},[94,31473,116],{"class":108},[94,31475,13834],{"class":112},[94,31477,9566],{"class":108},[94,31479,854],{"class":108},[94,31481,332],{"class":331},[94,31483,31484],{"class":335},"english",[94,31486,332],{"class":331},[94,31488,116],{"class":108},[94,31490,29251],{"class":112},[94,31492,9581],{"class":108},[94,31494,31495],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,31496,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,31498,31499,31501,31503,31505,31507,31509],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,31500,16717],{"class":100},[94,31502,168],{"class":108},[94,31504,30795],{"class":152},[94,31506,149],{"class":108},[94,31508,9594],{"class":152},[94,31510,316],{"class":108},[94,31512,31513,31515,31517,31519],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,31514,326],{"class":145},[94,31516,149],{"class":108},[94,31518,16717],{"class":152},[94,31520,316],{"class":108},[24,31522,371],{},[85,31524,31526],{"className":87,"code":31525,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"{'math': 90, 'science': 85, 'english': 88}\n",[15,31527,31528],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,31529,31530,31532,31534,31536,31538,31540,31542,31544,31546,31548,31550,31552,31554,31556,31558,31560,31562,31564,31566],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,31531,9610],{"class":108},[94,31533,968],{"class":331},[94,31535,18747],{"class":335},[94,31537,968],{"class":331},[94,31539,384],{"class":108},[94,31541,20229],{"class":112},[94,31543,116],{"class":108},[94,31545,962],{"class":331},[94,31547,18756],{"class":335},[94,31549,968],{"class":331},[94,31551,384],{"class":108},[94,31553,13834],{"class":112},[94,31555,116],{"class":108},[94,31557,962],{"class":331},[94,31559,31484],{"class":335},[94,31561,968],{"class":331},[94,31563,384],{"class":108},[94,31565,29251],{"class":112},[94,31567,9641],{"class":108},[24,31569,31570],{},"Each item must contain exactly two values:",[28,31572,31573,31576],{},[31,31574,31575],{},"The key",[31,31577,31578],{},"The value",[24,31580,31581],{},"Bad structure will raise an error.",[24,31583,31584],{},"Example of incorrect data:",[85,31586,31588],{"className":87,"code":31587,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"data = {\"a\": 1}\nbad_pairs = [(\"b\", 2, 3)]\n\ndata.update(bad_pairs)\n",[15,31589,31590,31610,31635,31639],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,31591,31592,31594,31596,31598,31600,31602,31604,31606,31608],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,31593,9499],{"class":100},[94,31595,105],{"class":104},[94,31597,10823],{"class":108},[94,31599,332],{"class":331},[94,31601,434],{"class":335},[94,31603,332],{"class":331},[94,31605,384],{"class":108},[94,31607,119],{"class":112},[94,31609,9641],{"class":108},[94,31611,31612,31615,31617,31619,31621,31623,31625,31627,31629,31631,31633],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,31613,31614],{"class":100},"bad_pairs ",[94,31616,105],{"class":104},[94,31618,9553],{"class":108},[94,31620,332],{"class":331},[94,31622,1937],{"class":335},[94,31624,332],{"class":331},[94,31626,116],{"class":108},[94,31628,124],{"class":112},[94,31630,116],{"class":108},[94,31632,421],{"class":112},[94,31634,9581],{"class":108},[94,31636,31637],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,31638,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,31640,31641,31643,31645,31647,31649,31652],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,31642,9537],{"class":100},[94,31644,168],{"class":108},[94,31646,30795],{"class":152},[94,31648,149],{"class":108},[94,31650,31651],{"class":152},"bad_pairs",[94,31653,316],{"class":108},[24,31655,31656],{},"This causes an error because each item must be a pair.",[24,31658,31659],{},"This form is useful when you have simple data that needs to become dictionary entries.",[80,31661,31663],{"id":31662},"using-keyword-arguments","Using keyword arguments",[24,31665,31666],{},"You can also pass key-value pairs as keyword arguments:",[85,31668,31670],{"className":87,"code":31669,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"user = {\"name\": \"Leo\"}\nuser.update(age=25, city=\"Madrid\")\nprint(user)\n",[15,31671,31672,31696,31728],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,31673,31674,31676,31678,31680,31682,31684,31686,31688,31690,31692,31694],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,31675,11818],{"class":100},[94,31677,105],{"class":104},[94,31679,10823],{"class":108},[94,31681,332],{"class":331},[94,31683,8001],{"class":335},[94,31685,332],{"class":331},[94,31687,384],{"class":108},[94,31689,1040],{"class":331},[94,31691,29244],{"class":335},[94,31693,332],{"class":331},[94,31695,9641],{"class":108},[94,31697,31698,31700,31702,31704,31706,31708,31710,31712,31714,31717,31719,31721,31724,31726],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,31699,11912],{"class":100},[94,31701,168],{"class":108},[94,31703,30795],{"class":152},[94,31705,149],{"class":108},[94,31707,9631],{"class":1218},[94,31709,105],{"class":104},[94,31711,9526],{"class":112},[94,31713,116],{"class":108},[94,31715,31716],{"class":1218}," city",[94,31718,105],{"class":104},[94,31720,332],{"class":331},[94,31722,31723],{"class":335},"Madrid",[94,31725,332],{"class":331},[94,31727,316],{"class":108},[94,31729,31730,31732,31734,31736],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,31731,326],{"class":145},[94,31733,149],{"class":108},[94,31735,11912],{"class":152},[94,31737,316],{"class":108},[24,31739,371],{},[85,31741,31743],{"className":87,"code":31742,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"{'name': 'Leo', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Madrid'}\n",[15,31744,31745],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,31746,31747,31749,31751,31753,31755,31757,31759,31761,31763,31765,31767,31769,31771,31773,31775,31777,31779,31781,31783,31785,31787,31789,31791],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,31748,9610],{"class":108},[94,31750,968],{"class":331},[94,31752,8001],{"class":335},[94,31754,968],{"class":331},[94,31756,384],{"class":108},[94,31758,962],{"class":331},[94,31760,29244],{"class":335},[94,31762,968],{"class":331},[94,31764,116],{"class":108},[94,31766,962],{"class":331},[94,31768,9631],{"class":335},[94,31770,968],{"class":331},[94,31772,384],{"class":108},[94,31774,9638],{"class":112},[94,31776,116],{"class":108},[94,31778,962],{"class":331},[94,31780,10741],{"class":335},[94,31782,968],{"class":331},[94,31784,384],{"class":108},[94,31786,962],{"class":331},[94,31788,31723],{"class":335},[94,31790,968],{"class":331},[94,31792,9641],{"class":108},[24,31794,31795],{},"This is convenient for simple string keys.",[24,31797,31798],{},"But there is one limit: keys must be valid Python identifiers.",[24,31800,31801],{},"These work:",[28,31803,31804,31808,31812],{},[31,31805,31806],{},[15,31807,9631],{},[31,31809,31810],{},[15,31811,10741],{},[31,31813,31814],{},[15,31815,31816],{},"first_name",[24,31818,31819],{},"These do not work as keyword arguments:",[28,31821,31822,31827],{},[31,31823,31824],{},[15,31825,31826],{},"\"first name\"",[31,31828,31829],{},[15,31830,31831],{},"\"user-id\"",[24,31833,31834],{},"For keys like that, use a dictionary instead:",[85,31836,31838],{"className":87,"code":31837,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"user = {}\nuser.update({\"first name\": \"Leo\", \"user-id\": 1001})\nprint(user)\n",[15,31839,31840,31848,31888],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,31841,31842,31844,31846],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,31843,11818],{"class":100},[94,31845,105],{"class":104},[94,31847,10170],{"class":108},[94,31849,31850,31852,31854,31856,31858,31860,31862,31864,31866,31868,31870,31872,31874,31876,31879,31881,31883,31886],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,31851,11912],{"class":100},[94,31853,168],{"class":108},[94,31855,30795],{"class":152},[94,31857,5861],{"class":108},[94,31859,332],{"class":331},[94,31861,10845],{"class":335},[94,31863,332],{"class":331},[94,31865,384],{"class":108},[94,31867,1040],{"class":331},[94,31869,29244],{"class":335},[94,31871,332],{"class":331},[94,31873,116],{"class":108},[94,31875,1040],{"class":331},[94,31877,31878],{"class":335},"user-id",[94,31880,332],{"class":331},[94,31882,384],{"class":108},[94,31884,31885],{"class":112}," 1001",[94,31887,30827],{"class":108},[94,31889,31890,31892,31894,31896],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,31891,326],{"class":145},[94,31893,149],{"class":108},[94,31895,11912],{"class":152},[94,31897,316],{"class":108},[80,31899,17748],{"id":17747},[24,31901,31902,74,31904,168],{},[15,31903,15281],{},[15,31905,77],{},[24,31907,14376],{},[24,31909,25040],{},[85,31911,31913],{"className":87,"code":31912,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nresult = person.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(result)\nprint(person)\n",[15,31914,31915,31939,31965,31969,31979],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,31916,31917,31919,31921,31923,31925,31927,31929,31931,31933,31935,31937],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,31918,13531],{"class":100},[94,31920,105],{"class":104},[94,31922,10823],{"class":108},[94,31924,332],{"class":331},[94,31926,8001],{"class":335},[94,31928,332],{"class":331},[94,31930,384],{"class":108},[94,31932,1040],{"class":331},[94,31934,13206],{"class":335},[94,31936,332],{"class":331},[94,31938,9641],{"class":108},[94,31940,31941,31943,31945,31947,31949,31951,31953,31955,31957,31959,31961,31963],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,31942,305],{"class":100},[94,31944,105],{"class":104},[94,31946,13574],{"class":100},[94,31948,168],{"class":108},[94,31950,30795],{"class":152},[94,31952,5861],{"class":108},[94,31954,332],{"class":331},[94,31956,9631],{"class":335},[94,31958,332],{"class":331},[94,31960,384],{"class":108},[94,31962,8124],{"class":112},[94,31964,30827],{"class":108},[94,31966,31967],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,31968,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,31970,31971,31973,31975,31977],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,31972,326],{"class":145},[94,31974,149],{"class":108},[94,31976,902],{"class":152},[94,31978,316],{"class":108},[94,31980,31981,31983,31985,31987],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,31982,326],{"class":145},[94,31984,149],{"class":108},[94,31986,17636],{"class":152},[94,31988,316],{"class":108},[24,31990,371],{},[85,31992,31994],{"className":87,"code":31993,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"None\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,31995,31996,32000],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,31997,31998],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,31999,1593],{"class":1224},[94,32001,32002,32004,32006,32008,32010,32012,32014,32016,32018,32020,32022,32024,32026,32028,32030],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,32003,9610],{"class":108},[94,32005,968],{"class":331},[94,32007,8001],{"class":335},[94,32009,968],{"class":331},[94,32011,384],{"class":108},[94,32013,962],{"class":331},[94,32015,13206],{"class":335},[94,32017,968],{"class":331},[94,32019,116],{"class":108},[94,32021,962],{"class":331},[94,32023,9631],{"class":335},[94,32025,968],{"class":331},[94,32027,384],{"class":108},[94,32029,8124],{"class":112},[94,32031,9641],{"class":108},[24,32033,16984],{},[85,32035,32037],{"className":87,"code":32036,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nperson.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(person)\n",[15,32038,32039,32063,32085,32089],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,32040,32041,32043,32045,32047,32049,32051,32053,32055,32057,32059,32061],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,32042,13531],{"class":100},[94,32044,105],{"class":104},[94,32046,10823],{"class":108},[94,32048,332],{"class":331},[94,32050,8001],{"class":335},[94,32052,332],{"class":331},[94,32054,384],{"class":108},[94,32056,1040],{"class":331},[94,32058,13206],{"class":335},[94,32060,332],{"class":331},[94,32062,9641],{"class":108},[94,32064,32065,32067,32069,32071,32073,32075,32077,32079,32081,32083],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,32066,17636],{"class":100},[94,32068,168],{"class":108},[94,32070,30795],{"class":152},[94,32072,5861],{"class":108},[94,32074,332],{"class":331},[94,32076,9631],{"class":335},[94,32078,332],{"class":331},[94,32080,384],{"class":108},[94,32082,8124],{"class":112},[94,32084,30827],{"class":108},[94,32086,32087],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,32088,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,32090,32091,32093,32095,32097],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,32092,326],{"class":145},[94,32094,149],{"class":108},[94,32096,17636],{"class":152},[94,32098,316],{"class":108},[24,32100,371],{},[85,32102,32104],{"className":87,"code":32103,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,32105,32106],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,32107,32108,32110,32112,32114,32116,32118,32120,32122,32124,32126,32128,32130,32132,32134,32136],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,32109,9610],{"class":108},[94,32111,968],{"class":331},[94,32113,8001],{"class":335},[94,32115,968],{"class":331},[94,32117,384],{"class":108},[94,32119,962],{"class":331},[94,32121,13206],{"class":335},[94,32123,968],{"class":331},[94,32125,116],{"class":108},[94,32127,962],{"class":331},[94,32129,9631],{"class":335},[94,32131,968],{"class":331},[94,32133,384],{"class":108},[94,32135,8124],{"class":112},[94,32137,9641],{"class":108},[24,32139,32140,32141,168],{},"If you only want to add or change one key, see ",[434,32142,18234],{"href":11060},[80,32144,815,32146],{"id":32145},"when-to-use-update",[15,32147,15281],{},[24,32149,54,32150,822],{},[15,32151,15281],{},[28,32153,32154,32157,32160,32163],{},[31,32155,32156],{},"You want to modify an existing dictionary",[31,32158,32159],{},"You want to add several keys at once",[31,32161,32162],{},"You want to merge settings or user data",[31,32164,32165],{},"Overwriting old values is acceptable",[24,32167,32168],{},"If you want to keep the original dictionary unchanged, make a copy first:",[85,32170,32172],{"className":87,"code":32171,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"original = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nupdated = original.copy()\n\nupdated.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\n\nprint(original)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,32173,32174,32210,32225,32229,32268,32272,32282],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,32175,32176,32178,32180,32182,32184,32186,32188,32190,32192,32194,32196,32198,32200,32202,32204,32206,32208],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,32177,12413],{"class":100},[94,32179,105],{"class":104},[94,32181,10823],{"class":108},[94,32183,332],{"class":331},[94,32185,8001],{"class":335},[94,32187,332],{"class":331},[94,32189,384],{"class":108},[94,32191,1040],{"class":331},[94,32193,13206],{"class":335},[94,32195,332],{"class":331},[94,32197,116],{"class":108},[94,32199,1040],{"class":331},[94,32201,9631],{"class":335},[94,32203,332],{"class":331},[94,32205,384],{"class":108},[94,32207,8124],{"class":112},[94,32209,9641],{"class":108},[94,32211,32212,32215,32217,32219,32221,32223],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,32213,32214],{"class":100},"updated ",[94,32216,105],{"class":104},[94,32218,12486],{"class":100},[94,32220,168],{"class":108},[94,32222,13237],{"class":152},[94,32224,511],{"class":108},[94,32226,32227],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,32228,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,32230,32231,32234,32236,32238,32240,32242,32244,32246,32248,32250,32252,32254,32256,32258,32260,32262,32264,32266],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,32232,32233],{"class":100},"updated",[94,32235,168],{"class":108},[94,32237,30795],{"class":152},[94,32239,5861],{"class":108},[94,32241,332],{"class":331},[94,32243,9631],{"class":335},[94,32245,332],{"class":331},[94,32247,384],{"class":108},[94,32249,30808],{"class":112},[94,32251,116],{"class":108},[94,32253,1040],{"class":331},[94,32255,10741],{"class":335},[94,32257,332],{"class":331},[94,32259,384],{"class":108},[94,32261,1040],{"class":331},[94,32263,16359],{"class":335},[94,32265,332],{"class":331},[94,32267,30827],{"class":108},[94,32269,32270],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,32271,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,32273,32274,32276,32278,32280],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,32275,326],{"class":145},[94,32277,149],{"class":108},[94,32279,381],{"class":152},[94,32281,316],{"class":108},[94,32283,32284,32286,32288,32290],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,32285,326],{"class":145},[94,32287,149],{"class":108},[94,32289,32233],{"class":152},[94,32291,316],{"class":108},[24,32293,371],{},[85,32295,32297],{"className":87,"code":32296,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,32298,32299,32331],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,32300,32301,32303,32305,32307,32309,32311,32313,32315,32317,32319,32321,32323,32325,32327,32329],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,32302,9610],{"class":108},[94,32304,968],{"class":331},[94,32306,8001],{"class":335},[94,32308,968],{"class":331},[94,32310,384],{"class":108},[94,32312,962],{"class":331},[94,32314,13206],{"class":335},[94,32316,968],{"class":331},[94,32318,116],{"class":108},[94,32320,962],{"class":331},[94,32322,9631],{"class":335},[94,32324,968],{"class":331},[94,32326,384],{"class":108},[94,32328,8124],{"class":112},[94,32330,9641],{"class":108},[94,32332,32333,32335,32337,32339,32341,32343,32345,32347,32349,32351,32353,32355,32357,32359,32361,32363,32365,32367,32369,32371,32373,32375,32377],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,32334,9610],{"class":108},[94,32336,968],{"class":331},[94,32338,8001],{"class":335},[94,32340,968],{"class":331},[94,32342,384],{"class":108},[94,32344,962],{"class":331},[94,32346,13206],{"class":335},[94,32348,968],{"class":331},[94,32350,116],{"class":108},[94,32352,962],{"class":331},[94,32354,9631],{"class":335},[94,32356,968],{"class":331},[94,32358,384],{"class":108},[94,32360,30808],{"class":112},[94,32362,116],{"class":108},[94,32364,962],{"class":331},[94,32366,10741],{"class":335},[94,32368,968],{"class":331},[94,32370,384],{"class":108},[94,32372,962],{"class":331},[94,32374,16359],{"class":335},[94,32376,968],{"class":331},[94,32378,9641],{"class":108},[24,32380,32381,32382,168],{},"After updating a dictionary, you may also want to learn ",[434,32383,16926],{"href":16925},[80,32385,3186],{"id":3185},[24,32387,11076,32388,384],{},[15,32389,15281],{},[28,32391,32392,32399,32403,32406,32409],{},[31,32393,12920,32394,32396,32397],{},[15,32395,15281],{}," to a variable and getting ",[15,32398,77],{},[31,32400,8786,32401,12927],{},[15,32402,15281],{},[31,32404,32405],{},"Passing items that are not key-value pairs",[31,32407,32408],{},"Using keyword arguments for keys that are not valid identifiers",[31,32410,32411],{},"Overwriting existing values by mistake",[24,32413,32414],{},"Useful debugging checks:",[85,32416,32418],{"className":87,"code":32417,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(data))\nprint(list(data))\nprint(my_dict.get('key'))\nhelp(dict.update)\n",[15,32419,32420,32430,32444,32458,32480],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,32421,32422,32424,32426,32428],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,32423,326],{"class":145},[94,32425,149],{"class":108},[94,32427,11779],{"class":152},[94,32429,316],{"class":108},[94,32431,32432,32434,32436,32438,32440,32442],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,32433,326],{"class":145},[94,32435,149],{"class":108},[94,32437,914],{"class":913},[94,32439,149],{"class":108},[94,32441,9537],{"class":152},[94,32443,921],{"class":108},[94,32445,32446,32448,32450,32452,32454,32456],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,32447,326],{"class":145},[94,32449,149],{"class":108},[94,32451,965],{"class":913},[94,32453,149],{"class":108},[94,32455,9537],{"class":152},[94,32457,921],{"class":108},[94,32459,32460,32462,32464,32466,32468,32470,32472,32474,32476,32478],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,32461,326],{"class":145},[94,32463,149],{"class":108},[94,32465,11779],{"class":152},[94,32467,168],{"class":108},[94,32469,20081],{"class":152},[94,32471,149],{"class":108},[94,32473,968],{"class":331},[94,32475,1142],{"class":335},[94,32477,968],{"class":331},[94,32479,921],{"class":108},[94,32481,32482,32484,32486,32488,32490,32492],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,32483,2080],{"class":145},[94,32485,149],{"class":108},[94,32487,9154],{"class":913},[94,32489,168],{"class":108},[94,32491,30795],{"class":1377},[94,32493,316],{"class":108},[24,32495,32496],{},"These can help you check:",[28,32498,32499,32502,32507,32510,32513],{},[31,32500,32501],{},"What your dictionary currently contains",[31,32503,32504,32505],{},"What type of data you are passing to ",[15,32506,15281],{},[31,32508,32509],{},"Whether your input really contains pairs",[31,32511,32512],{},"Whether a key exists",[31,32514,32515],{},"The built-in method help text",[24,32517,32518,32519,168],{},"If you are trying to read a missing key after updating, you may also run into ",[434,32520,11591],{"href":11402},[80,32522,2160],{"id":2159},[265,32524,13029,32526,32528],{"id":32525},"does-update-return-a-new-dictionary",[15,32527,15281],{}," return a new dictionary?",[24,32530,32531,32532,168],{},"No. It changes the original dictionary and returns ",[15,32533,77],{},[265,32535,13029,32537,32539],{"id":32536},"does-update-overwrite-existing-keys",[15,32538,15281],{}," overwrite existing keys?",[24,32541,32542],{},"Yes. If a key already exists, its value is replaced.",[265,32544,2191,32546,32548],{"id":32545},"can-update-add-new-keys",[15,32547,15281],{}," add new keys?",[24,32550,32551],{},"Yes. Missing keys are added to the dictionary.",[265,32553,2201,32555,32557],{"id":32554},"can-i-use-update-with-a-list",[15,32556,15281],{}," with a list?",[24,32559,32560,32561,168],{},"Yes, if the list contains key-value pairs like ",[15,32562,11423],{},[265,32564,5514,32566,32568],{"id":32565},"what-is-the-difference-between-update-and-assigning-one-key",[15,32567,15281],{}," and assigning one key?",[24,32570,32571,32572,32574],{},"Single assignment changes one key. ",[15,32573,15281],{}," can change many keys at once.",[80,32576,2232],{"id":2231},[28,32578,32579,32583,32587,32592,32596],{},[31,32580,32581],{},[434,32582,26426],{"href":9723},[31,32584,32585],{},[434,32586,11580],{"href":11060},[31,32588,32589],{},[434,32590,32591],{"href":31417},"How to merge dictionaries in Python",[31,32593,32594],{},[434,32595,21789],{"href":16925},[31,32597,32598],{},[434,32599,11591],{"href":11402},[2260,32601,32602],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":90,"searchDepth":130,"depth":130,"links":32604},[32605,32606,32608,32609,32611,32613,32614,32615,32617,32618,32630],{"id":2360,"depth":130,"text":2361},{"id":30850,"depth":130,"text":32607},"What update() does",{"id":2513,"depth":130,"text":2514},{"id":31210,"depth":130,"text":32610},"Using update() with another dictionary",{"id":31421,"depth":130,"text":32612},"Using update() with key-value pairs",{"id":31662,"depth":130,"text":31663},{"id":17747,"depth":130,"text":17748},{"id":32145,"depth":130,"text":32616},"When to use update()",{"id":3185,"depth":130,"text":3186},{"id":2159,"depth":130,"text":2160,"children":32619},[32620,32622,32624,32626,32628],{"id":32525,"depth":137,"text":32621},"Does update() return a new dictionary?",{"id":32536,"depth":137,"text":32623},"Does update() overwrite existing keys?",{"id":32545,"depth":137,"text":32625},"Can update() add new keys?",{"id":32554,"depth":137,"text":32627},"Can I use update() with a list?",{"id":32565,"depth":137,"text":32629},"What is the difference between update() and assigning one key?",{"id":2231,"depth":130,"text":2232},"Master python dictionary update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":30728,"description":32631},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method","njJ700GKZ1TE_XL_n6OM2NaXw_gA2-mTYBWaDLPqKa8",{"id":32637,"title":32638,"body":32639,"description":34627,"extension":2319,"meta":34628,"navigation":133,"path":23226,"seo":34629,"stem":34630,"__hash__":34631},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method.md","Python Dictionary values() Method",{"type":7,"value":32640,"toc":34590},[32641,32646,32653,32656,32658,32757,32759,32814,32819,32824,32838,32843,32845,32860,32862,32876,32889,32894,32900,32907,32909,33016,33018,33067,33073,33148,33150,33171,33173,33176,33281,33283,33338,33340,33368,33372,33377,33456,33458,33478,33480,33491,33501,33505,33510,33614,33616,33641,33644,33655,33660,33669,33672,33689,33691,33778,33780,33843,33845,33868,33870,33875,33881,33886,33888,33927,33932,33935,33954,33965,33971,33974,34047,34049,34068,34073,34076,34099,34105,34108,34172,34175,34252,34259,34262,34321,34327,34329,34348,34352,34355,34406,34409,34429,34431,34492,34494,34499,34504,34509,34514,34519,34524,34530,34533,34542,34550,34552,34587],[10,32642,11647,32644,11651],{"id":32643},"python-dictionary-values-method",[15,32645,17400],{},[24,32647,32648,32649,32652],{},"The Python ",[15,32650,32651],{},"dict.values()"," method returns all values from a dictionary.",[24,32654,32655],{},"It is useful when you want the values only and do not need the keys. A common beginner use case is getting all values from a dictionary so you can print them, loop through them, or convert them to a list.",[80,32657,2361],{"id":2360},[85,32659,32661],{"className":87,"code":32660,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(values)\nprint(list(values))\n",[15,32662,32663,32715,32729,32733,32743],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,32664,32665,32667,32669,32671,32673,32675,32677,32679,32681,32683,32685,32687,32689,32691,32693,32695,32697,32699,32701,32703,32705,32707,32709,32711,32713],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,32666,13189],{"class":100},[94,32668,105],{"class":104},[94,32670,10823],{"class":108},[94,32672,332],{"class":331},[94,32674,8001],{"class":335},[94,32676,332],{"class":331},[94,32678,384],{"class":108},[94,32680,1040],{"class":331},[94,32682,13206],{"class":335},[94,32684,332],{"class":331},[94,32686,116],{"class":108},[94,32688,1040],{"class":331},[94,32690,9631],{"class":335},[94,32692,332],{"class":331},[94,32694,384],{"class":108},[94,32696,8124],{"class":112},[94,32698,116],{"class":108},[94,32700,1040],{"class":331},[94,32702,10741],{"class":335},[94,32704,332],{"class":331},[94,32706,384],{"class":108},[94,32708,1040],{"class":331},[94,32710,16359],{"class":335},[94,32712,332],{"class":331},[94,32714,9641],{"class":108},[94,32716,32717,32719,32721,32723,32725,32727],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,32718,4167],{"class":100},[94,32720,105],{"class":104},[94,32722,13232],{"class":100},[94,32724,168],{"class":108},[94,32726,5690],{"class":152},[94,32728,511],{"class":108},[94,32730,32731],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,32732,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,32734,32735,32737,32739,32741],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,32736,326],{"class":145},[94,32738,149],{"class":108},[94,32740,5690],{"class":152},[94,32742,316],{"class":108},[94,32744,32745,32747,32749,32751,32753,32755],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,32746,326],{"class":145},[94,32748,149],{"class":108},[94,32750,965],{"class":913},[94,32752,149],{"class":108},[94,32754,5690],{"class":152},[94,32756,921],{"class":108},[24,32758,371],{},[85,32760,32762],{"className":87,"code":32761,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"dict_values(['Ana', 20, 'Lima'])\n['Ana', 20, 'Lima']\n",[15,32763,32764,32790],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,32765,32766,32768,32770,32772,32774,32776,32778,32780,32782,32784,32786,32788],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,32767,17366],{"class":152},[94,32769,3342],{"class":108},[94,32771,968],{"class":331},[94,32773,13206],{"class":335},[94,32775,968],{"class":331},[94,32777,116],{"class":108},[94,32779,8124],{"class":112},[94,32781,116],{"class":108},[94,32783,962],{"class":331},[94,32785,16359],{"class":335},[94,32787,968],{"class":331},[94,32789,4234],{"class":108},[94,32791,32792,32794,32796,32798,32800,32802,32804,32806,32808,32810,32812],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,32793,539],{"class":108},[94,32795,968],{"class":331},[94,32797,13206],{"class":335},[94,32799,968],{"class":331},[94,32801,116],{"class":108},[94,32803,8124],{"class":112},[94,32805,116],{"class":108},[94,32807,962],{"class":331},[94,32809,16359],{"class":335},[94,32811,968],{"class":331},[94,32813,127],{"class":108},[24,32815,32816,32818],{},[15,32817,17400],{}," returns a dictionary view object. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list.",[80,32820,215,32822,218],{"id":32821},"what-values-does",[15,32823,17400],{},[28,32825,32826,32829,32832,32835],{},[31,32827,32828],{},"It is used on a dictionary",[31,32830,32831],{},"It returns all dictionary values",[31,32833,32834],{},"It keeps the same order as the dictionary",[31,32836,32837],{},"It returns a view object, not a new list",[24,32839,32840,32841,168],{},"If you already know how to create dictionaries, see ",[434,32842,9724],{"href":9723},[80,32844,2514],{"id":2513},[85,32846,32848],{"className":87,"code":32847,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"my_dict.values()\n",[15,32849,32850],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,32851,32852,32854,32856,32858],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,32853,11779],{"class":100},[94,32855,168],{"class":108},[94,32857,5690],{"class":152},[94,32859,511],{"class":108},[24,32861,13378],{},[28,32863,32864,32868,32871],{},[31,32865,32866,11795],{},[15,32867,17400],{},[31,32869,32870],{},"It works only on dictionary objects",[31,32872,32873,32874],{},"You must include the parentheses: ",[15,32875,17400],{},[24,32877,32878,32879,1139,32884,168],{},"This is a dictionary method, similar to ",[434,32880,32881,32883],{"href":17391},[15,32882,17394],{}," for dictionary keys",[434,32885,32886,32888],{"href":17404},[15,32887,17407],{}," for key-value pairs",[80,32890,215,32892,2114],{"id":32891},"what-values-returns",[15,32893,17400],{},[24,32895,32896,22306,32898,25095],{},[15,32897,17400],{},[15,32899,17366],{},[24,32901,32902,32903,32906],{},"This object is a ",[43,32904,32905],{},"view"," of the dictionary values. That means it shows the current values in the dictionary, and it updates if the dictionary changes.",[24,32908,2566],{},[85,32910,32912],{"className":87,"code":32911,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\n\nvalues_view = person.values()\nprint(values_view)\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Quito\"\nprint(values_view)\n",[15,32913,32914,32950,32954,32969,32980,32984,33006],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,32915,32916,32918,32920,32922,32924,32926,32928,32930,32932,32934,32936,32938,32940,32942,32944,32946,32948],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,32917,13531],{"class":100},[94,32919,105],{"class":104},[94,32921,10823],{"class":108},[94,32923,332],{"class":331},[94,32925,8001],{"class":335},[94,32927,332],{"class":331},[94,32929,384],{"class":108},[94,32931,1040],{"class":331},[94,32933,8256],{"class":335},[94,32935,332],{"class":331},[94,32937,116],{"class":108},[94,32939,1040],{"class":331},[94,32941,9631],{"class":335},[94,32943,332],{"class":331},[94,32945,384],{"class":108},[94,32947,9638],{"class":112},[94,32949,9641],{"class":108},[94,32951,32952],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,32953,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,32955,32956,32959,32961,32963,32965,32967],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,32957,32958],{"class":100},"values_view ",[94,32960,105],{"class":104},[94,32962,13574],{"class":100},[94,32964,168],{"class":108},[94,32966,5690],{"class":152},[94,32968,511],{"class":108},[94,32970,32971,32973,32975,32978],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,32972,326],{"class":145},[94,32974,149],{"class":108},[94,32976,32977],{"class":152},"values_view",[94,32979,316],{"class":108},[94,32981,32982],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,32983,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,32985,32986,32988,32990,32992,32994,32996,32998,33000,33002,33004],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,32987,17636],{"class":100},[94,32989,539],{"class":108},[94,32991,332],{"class":331},[94,32993,10741],{"class":335},[94,32995,332],{"class":331},[94,32997,13600],{"class":108},[94,32999,13603],{"class":104},[94,33001,1040],{"class":331},[94,33003,30974],{"class":335},[94,33005,1812],{"class":331},[94,33007,33008,33010,33012,33014],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,33009,326],{"class":145},[94,33011,149],{"class":108},[94,33013,32977],{"class":152},[94,33015,316],{"class":108},[24,33017,371],{},[85,33019,33021],{"className":87,"code":33020,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"dict_values(['Mia', 25])\ndict_values(['Mia', 25, 'Quito'])\n",[15,33022,33023,33041],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,33024,33025,33027,33029,33031,33033,33035,33037,33039],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,33026,17366],{"class":152},[94,33028,3342],{"class":108},[94,33030,968],{"class":331},[94,33032,8256],{"class":335},[94,33034,968],{"class":331},[94,33036,116],{"class":108},[94,33038,9638],{"class":112},[94,33040,4234],{"class":108},[94,33042,33043,33045,33047,33049,33051,33053,33055,33057,33059,33061,33063,33065],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,33044,17366],{"class":152},[94,33046,3342],{"class":108},[94,33048,968],{"class":331},[94,33050,8256],{"class":335},[94,33052,968],{"class":331},[94,33054,116],{"class":108},[94,33056,9638],{"class":112},[94,33058,116],{"class":108},[94,33060,962],{"class":331},[94,33062,30974],{"class":335},[94,33064,968],{"class":331},[94,33066,4234],{"class":108},[24,33068,33069,33070,168],{},"If you need a regular list, use ",[15,33071,33072],{},"list(my_dict.values())",[85,33074,33076],{"className":87,"code":33075,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\nvalues_list = list(person.values())\n\nprint(values_list)\n",[15,33077,33078,33114,33133,33137],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,33079,33080,33082,33084,33086,33088,33090,33092,33094,33096,33098,33100,33102,33104,33106,33108,33110,33112],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,33081,13531],{"class":100},[94,33083,105],{"class":104},[94,33085,10823],{"class":108},[94,33087,332],{"class":331},[94,33089,8001],{"class":335},[94,33091,332],{"class":331},[94,33093,384],{"class":108},[94,33095,1040],{"class":331},[94,33097,8256],{"class":335},[94,33099,332],{"class":331},[94,33101,116],{"class":108},[94,33103,1040],{"class":331},[94,33105,9631],{"class":335},[94,33107,332],{"class":331},[94,33109,384],{"class":108},[94,33111,9638],{"class":112},[94,33113,9641],{"class":108},[94,33115,33116,33119,33121,33123,33125,33127,33129,33131],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,33117,33118],{"class":100},"values_list ",[94,33120,105],{"class":104},[94,33122,22891],{"class":913},[94,33124,149],{"class":108},[94,33126,17636],{"class":152},[94,33128,168],{"class":108},[94,33130,5690],{"class":152},[94,33132,7527],{"class":108},[94,33134,33135],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,33136,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,33138,33139,33141,33143,33146],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,33140,326],{"class":145},[94,33142,149],{"class":108},[94,33144,33145],{"class":152},"values_list",[94,33147,316],{"class":108},[24,33149,371],{},[85,33151,33153],{"className":87,"code":33152,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"['Mia', 25]\n",[15,33154,33155],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,33156,33157,33159,33161,33163,33165,33167,33169],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,33158,539],{"class":108},[94,33160,968],{"class":331},[94,33162,8256],{"class":335},[94,33164,968],{"class":331},[94,33166,116],{"class":108},[94,33168,9638],{"class":112},[94,33170,127],{"class":108},[80,33172,11805],{"id":11804},[24,33174,33175],{},"Here is a basic example step by step:",[85,33177,33179],{"className":87,"code":33178,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2022, \"color\": \"blue\"}\n\nresult = car.values()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,33180,33181,33235,33239,33253,33257,33267],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,33182,33183,33185,33187,33189,33191,33193,33195,33197,33199,33201,33203,33205,33207,33209,33211,33213,33216,33218,33220,33223,33225,33227,33229,33231,33233],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,33184,25127],{"class":100},[94,33186,105],{"class":104},[94,33188,10823],{"class":108},[94,33190,332],{"class":331},[94,33192,25136],{"class":335},[94,33194,332],{"class":331},[94,33196,384],{"class":108},[94,33198,1040],{"class":331},[94,33200,25145],{"class":335},[94,33202,332],{"class":331},[94,33204,116],{"class":108},[94,33206,1040],{"class":331},[94,33208,25154],{"class":335},[94,33210,332],{"class":331},[94,33212,384],{"class":108},[94,33214,33215],{"class":112}," 2022",[94,33217,116],{"class":108},[94,33219,1040],{"class":331},[94,33221,33222],{"class":335},"color",[94,33224,332],{"class":331},[94,33226,384],{"class":108},[94,33228,1040],{"class":331},[94,33230,13436],{"class":335},[94,33232,332],{"class":331},[94,33234,9641],{"class":108},[94,33236,33237],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,33238,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,33240,33241,33243,33245,33247,33249,33251],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,33242,305],{"class":100},[94,33244,105],{"class":104},[94,33246,25176],{"class":100},[94,33248,168],{"class":108},[94,33250,5690],{"class":152},[94,33252,511],{"class":108},[94,33254,33255],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,33256,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,33258,33259,33261,33263,33265],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,33260,326],{"class":145},[94,33262,149],{"class":108},[94,33264,902],{"class":152},[94,33266,316],{"class":108},[94,33268,33269,33271,33273,33275,33277,33279],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,33270,326],{"class":145},[94,33272,149],{"class":108},[94,33274,965],{"class":913},[94,33276,149],{"class":108},[94,33278,902],{"class":152},[94,33280,921],{"class":108},[24,33282,371],{},[85,33284,33286],{"className":87,"code":33285,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"dict_values(['Toyota', 2022, 'blue'])\n['Toyota', 2022, 'blue']\n",[15,33287,33288,33314],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,33289,33290,33292,33294,33296,33298,33300,33302,33304,33306,33308,33310,33312],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,33291,17366],{"class":152},[94,33293,3342],{"class":108},[94,33295,968],{"class":331},[94,33297,25145],{"class":335},[94,33299,968],{"class":331},[94,33301,116],{"class":108},[94,33303,33215],{"class":112},[94,33305,116],{"class":108},[94,33307,962],{"class":331},[94,33309,13436],{"class":335},[94,33311,968],{"class":331},[94,33313,4234],{"class":108},[94,33315,33316,33318,33320,33322,33324,33326,33328,33330,33332,33334,33336],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,33317,539],{"class":108},[94,33319,968],{"class":331},[94,33321,25145],{"class":335},[94,33323,968],{"class":331},[94,33325,116],{"class":108},[94,33327,33215],{"class":112},[94,33329,116],{"class":108},[94,33331,962],{"class":331},[94,33333,13436],{"class":335},[94,33335,968],{"class":331},[94,33337,127],{"class":108},[24,33339,12014],{},[28,33341,33342,33348,33354,33362],{},[31,33343,33344,33347],{},[15,33345,33346],{},"car"," is a dictionary",[31,33349,33350,33353],{},[15,33351,33352],{},"car.values()"," gets all values",[31,33355,33356,33359,33360,24949],{},[15,33357,33358],{},"print(result)"," shows the ",[15,33361,17366],{},[31,33363,33364,33367],{},[15,33365,33366],{},"print(list(result))"," shows the same values as a list",[80,33369,33371],{"id":33370},"looping-through-dictionary-values","Looping through dictionary values",[24,33373,33374,33375,26395],{},"You can loop through dictionary values with a ",[15,33376,6289],{},[85,33378,33380],{"className":87,"code":33379,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"english\": 85, \"science\": 88}\n\nfor value in scores.values():\n    print(value)\n",[15,33381,33382,33426,33430,33446],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,33383,33384,33386,33388,33390,33392,33394,33396,33398,33400,33402,33404,33406,33408,33410,33412,33414,33416,33418,33420,33422,33424],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,33385,5401],{"class":100},[94,33387,105],{"class":104},[94,33389,10823],{"class":108},[94,33391,332],{"class":331},[94,33393,18747],{"class":335},[94,33395,332],{"class":331},[94,33397,384],{"class":108},[94,33399,20229],{"class":112},[94,33401,116],{"class":108},[94,33403,1040],{"class":331},[94,33405,31484],{"class":335},[94,33407,332],{"class":331},[94,33409,384],{"class":108},[94,33411,13834],{"class":112},[94,33413,116],{"class":108},[94,33415,1040],{"class":331},[94,33417,18756],{"class":335},[94,33419,332],{"class":331},[94,33421,384],{"class":108},[94,33423,29251],{"class":112},[94,33425,9641],{"class":108},[94,33427,33428],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,33429,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,33431,33432,33434,33436,33438,33440,33442,33444],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,33433,6289],{"class":4221},[94,33435,21915],{"class":100},[94,33437,4228],{"class":4221},[94,33439,5448],{"class":100},[94,33441,168],{"class":108},[94,33443,5690],{"class":152},[94,33445,21926],{"class":108},[94,33447,33448,33450,33452,33454],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,33449,8404],{"class":145},[94,33451,149],{"class":108},[94,33453,2829],{"class":152},[94,33455,316],{"class":108},[24,33457,371],{},[85,33459,33461],{"className":87,"code":33460,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"90\n85\n88\n",[15,33462,33463,33468,33473],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,33464,33465],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,33466,33467],{"class":112},"90\n",[94,33469,33470],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,33471,33472],{"class":112},"85\n",[94,33474,33475],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,33476,33477],{"class":112},"88\n",[24,33479,18040],{},[28,33481,33482,33485,33488],{},[31,33483,33484],{},"You only need the values",[31,33486,33487],{},"You do not care about the keys",[31,33489,33490],{},"You want simpler code",[24,33492,33493,33494,2167,33498,168],{},"If you want to loop through keys and values together, see ",[434,33495,11066,33496,567],{"href":17404},[15,33497,17407],{},[434,33499,22806],{"href":33500},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F",[80,33502,33504],{"id":33503},"converting-values-to-a-list","Converting values to a list",[24,33506,54,33507,33509],{},[15,33508,33072],{}," when you need a list.",[85,33511,33513],{"className":87,"code":33512,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"fruit_prices = {\"apple\": 2, \"banana\": 1, \"orange\": 3}\n\nprice_list = list(fruit_prices.values())\n\nprint(price_list)\nprint(price_list[0])\n",[15,33514,33515,33561,33565,33585,33589,33600],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,33516,33517,33520,33522,33524,33526,33528,33530,33532,33534,33536,33538,33540,33542,33544,33546,33548,33550,33553,33555,33557,33559],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,33518,33519],{"class":100},"fruit_prices ",[94,33521,105],{"class":104},[94,33523,10823],{"class":108},[94,33525,332],{"class":331},[94,33527,1332],{"class":335},[94,33529,332],{"class":331},[94,33531,384],{"class":108},[94,33533,124],{"class":112},[94,33535,116],{"class":108},[94,33537,1040],{"class":331},[94,33539,4432],{"class":335},[94,33541,332],{"class":331},[94,33543,384],{"class":108},[94,33545,119],{"class":112},[94,33547,116],{"class":108},[94,33549,1040],{"class":331},[94,33551,33552],{"class":335},"orange",[94,33554,332],{"class":331},[94,33556,384],{"class":108},[94,33558,421],{"class":112},[94,33560,9641],{"class":108},[94,33562,33563],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,33564,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,33566,33567,33570,33572,33574,33576,33579,33581,33583],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,33568,33569],{"class":100},"price_list ",[94,33571,105],{"class":104},[94,33573,22891],{"class":913},[94,33575,149],{"class":108},[94,33577,33578],{"class":152},"fruit_prices",[94,33580,168],{"class":108},[94,33582,5690],{"class":152},[94,33584,7527],{"class":108},[94,33586,33587],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,33588,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,33590,33591,33593,33595,33598],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,33592,326],{"class":145},[94,33594,149],{"class":108},[94,33596,33597],{"class":152},"price_list",[94,33599,316],{"class":108},[94,33601,33602,33604,33606,33608,33610,33612],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,33603,326],{"class":145},[94,33605,149],{"class":108},[94,33607,33597],{"class":152},[94,33609,539],{"class":108},[94,33611,2476],{"class":112},[94,33613,4234],{"class":108},[24,33615,371],{},[85,33617,33619],{"className":87,"code":33618,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"[2, 1, 3]\n2\n",[15,33620,33621,33637],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,33622,33623,33625,33627,33629,33631,33633,33635],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,33624,539],{"class":108},[94,33626,763],{"class":112},[94,33628,116],{"class":108},[94,33630,119],{"class":112},[94,33632,116],{"class":108},[94,33634,421],{"class":112},[94,33636,127],{"class":108},[94,33638,33639],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,33640,17385],{"class":112},[24,33642,33643],{},"This is helpful for:",[28,33645,33646,33649,33652],{},[31,33647,33648],{},"Displaying the values as a normal list",[31,33650,33651],{},"Accessing values by index",[31,33653,33654],{},"Passing the values to code that expects a list",[24,33656,4270,33657,33659],{},[15,33658,17366],{}," is not the same as a list.",[80,33661,33663,18,33665,18,33667],{"id":33662},"values-vs-keys-vs-items",[15,33664,17400],{},[15,33666,17394],{},[15,33668,17407],{},[24,33670,33671],{},"These three dictionary methods are related, but they return different things:",[28,33673,33674,33679,33684],{},[31,33675,33676,33678],{},[15,33677,17400],{}," returns only the values",[31,33680,33681,33683],{},[15,33682,17394],{}," returns only the keys",[31,33685,33686,33688],{},[15,33687,17407],{}," returns key-value pairs",[24,33690,2482],{},[85,33692,33694],{"className":87,"code":33693,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.keys())\nprint(student.values())\nprint(student.items())\n",[15,33695,33696,33732,33736,33750,33764],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,33697,33698,33700,33702,33704,33706,33708,33710,33712,33714,33716,33718,33720,33722,33724,33726,33728,33730],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,33699,13189],{"class":100},[94,33701,105],{"class":104},[94,33703,10823],{"class":108},[94,33705,332],{"class":331},[94,33707,8001],{"class":335},[94,33709,332],{"class":331},[94,33711,384],{"class":108},[94,33713,1040],{"class":331},[94,33715,13206],{"class":335},[94,33717,332],{"class":331},[94,33719,116],{"class":108},[94,33721,1040],{"class":331},[94,33723,9631],{"class":335},[94,33725,332],{"class":331},[94,33727,384],{"class":108},[94,33729,8124],{"class":112},[94,33731,9641],{"class":108},[94,33733,33734],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,33735,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,33737,33738,33740,33742,33744,33746,33748],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,33739,326],{"class":145},[94,33741,149],{"class":108},[94,33743,13953],{"class":152},[94,33745,168],{"class":108},[94,33747,17252],{"class":152},[94,33749,7527],{"class":108},[94,33751,33752,33754,33756,33758,33760,33762],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,33753,326],{"class":145},[94,33755,149],{"class":108},[94,33757,13953],{"class":152},[94,33759,168],{"class":108},[94,33761,5690],{"class":152},[94,33763,7527],{"class":108},[94,33765,33766,33768,33770,33772,33774,33776],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,33767,326],{"class":145},[94,33769,149],{"class":108},[94,33771,13953],{"class":152},[94,33773,168],{"class":108},[94,33775,8144],{"class":152},[94,33777,7527],{"class":108},[24,33779,371],{},[85,33781,33783],{"className":87,"code":33782,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\ndict_items([('name', 20)])\n",[15,33784,33785,33807,33825],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,33786,33787,33789,33791,33793,33795,33797,33799,33801,33803,33805],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,33788,17343],{"class":152},[94,33790,3342],{"class":108},[94,33792,968],{"class":331},[94,33794,8001],{"class":335},[94,33796,968],{"class":331},[94,33798,116],{"class":108},[94,33800,962],{"class":331},[94,33802,9631],{"class":335},[94,33804,968],{"class":331},[94,33806,4234],{"class":108},[94,33808,33809,33811,33813,33815,33817,33819,33821,33823],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,33810,17366],{"class":152},[94,33812,3342],{"class":108},[94,33814,968],{"class":331},[94,33816,13206],{"class":335},[94,33818,968],{"class":331},[94,33820,116],{"class":108},[94,33822,8124],{"class":112},[94,33824,4234],{"class":108},[94,33826,33827,33829,33831,33833,33835,33837,33839,33841],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,33828,22239],{"class":152},[94,33830,9990],{"class":108},[94,33832,968],{"class":331},[94,33834,8001],{"class":335},[94,33836,968],{"class":331},[94,33838,116],{"class":108},[94,33840,8124],{"class":112},[94,33842,11009],{"class":108},[24,33844,19025],{},[28,33846,33847,33854,33861],{},[31,33848,33849,33853],{},[434,33850,33851],{"href":17391},[15,33852,17394],{}," when you need just the keys",[31,33855,33856,33860],{},[434,33857,33858],{"href":17397},[15,33859,17400],{}," when you need just the values",[31,33862,33863,33867],{},[434,33864,33865],{"href":17404},[15,33866,17407],{}," when you need both",[80,33869,4862],{"id":4861},[24,33871,33872,33873,168],{},"Here are some common problems with ",[15,33874,17400],{},[265,33876,29980,33878,33880],{"id":33877},"calling-values-on-the-wrong-type",[15,33879,17400],{}," on the wrong type",[24,33882,33883,33885],{},[15,33884,17400],{}," works on dictionaries only.",[24,33887,16972],{},[85,33889,33891],{"className":87,"code":33890,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(my_list.values())\n",[15,33892,33893,33913],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,33894,33895,33897,33899,33901,33903,33905,33907,33909,33911],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,33896,8643],{"class":100},[94,33898,105],{"class":104},[94,33900,109],{"class":108},[94,33902,412],{"class":112},[94,33904,116],{"class":108},[94,33906,124],{"class":112},[94,33908,116],{"class":108},[94,33910,421],{"class":112},[94,33912,127],{"class":108},[94,33914,33915,33917,33919,33921,33923,33925],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,33916,326],{"class":145},[94,33918,149],{"class":108},[94,33920,594],{"class":152},[94,33922,168],{"class":108},[94,33924,5690],{"class":152},[94,33926,7527],{"class":108},[24,33928,33929,33930,1829],{},"This causes an error because lists do not have a ",[15,33931,17400],{},[24,33933,33934],{},"To debug this, check the type:",[85,33936,33938],{"className":87,"code":33937,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(type(my_list))\n",[15,33939,33940],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,33941,33942,33944,33946,33948,33950,33952],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,33943,326],{"class":145},[94,33945,149],{"class":108},[94,33947,914],{"class":913},[94,33949,149],{"class":108},[94,33951,594],{"class":152},[94,33953,921],{"class":108},[24,33955,33956,33957,33959,33960,168],{},"If you get an ",[15,33958,26003],{},", see ",[434,33961,26011,33962,33964],{"href":26010},[15,33963,26014],{}," errors",[265,33966,4923,33968,33970],{"id":33967},"assuming-values-returns-a-list",[15,33969,17400],{}," returns a list",[24,33972,33973],{},"Beginners often expect this:",[85,33975,33977],{"className":87,"code":33976,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,33978,33979,34015,34029,34033],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,33980,33981,33983,33985,33987,33989,33991,33993,33995,33997,33999,34001,34003,34005,34007,34009,34011,34013],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,33982,13189],{"class":100},[94,33984,105],{"class":104},[94,33986,10823],{"class":108},[94,33988,332],{"class":331},[94,33990,8001],{"class":335},[94,33992,332],{"class":331},[94,33994,384],{"class":108},[94,33996,1040],{"class":331},[94,33998,13206],{"class":335},[94,34000,332],{"class":331},[94,34002,116],{"class":108},[94,34004,1040],{"class":331},[94,34006,9631],{"class":335},[94,34008,332],{"class":331},[94,34010,384],{"class":108},[94,34012,8124],{"class":112},[94,34014,9641],{"class":108},[94,34016,34017,34019,34021,34023,34025,34027],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,34018,4167],{"class":100},[94,34020,105],{"class":104},[94,34022,13232],{"class":100},[94,34024,168],{"class":108},[94,34026,5690],{"class":152},[94,34028,511],{"class":108},[94,34030,34031],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,34032,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,34034,34035,34037,34039,34041,34043,34045],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,34036,326],{"class":145},[94,34038,149],{"class":108},[94,34040,914],{"class":913},[94,34042,149],{"class":108},[94,34044,5690],{"class":152},[94,34046,921],{"class":108},[24,34048,371],{},[85,34050,34052],{"className":87,"code":34051,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"\u003Cclass 'dict_values'>\n",[15,34053,34054],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,34055,34056,34058,34060,34062,34064,34066],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,34057,955],{"class":104},[94,34059,959],{"class":958},[94,34061,962],{"class":331},[94,34063,17366],{"class":335},[94,34065,968],{"class":331},[94,34067,971],{"class":104},[24,34069,5485,34070,34072],{},[15,34071,17366],{},", not a list.",[24,34074,34075],{},"If you need a list:",[85,34077,34079],{"className":87,"code":34078,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"values = list(student.values())\n",[15,34080,34081],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,34082,34083,34085,34087,34089,34091,34093,34095,34097],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,34084,4167],{"class":100},[94,34086,105],{"class":104},[94,34088,22891],{"class":913},[94,34090,149],{"class":108},[94,34092,13953],{"class":152},[94,34094,168],{"class":108},[94,34096,5690],{"class":152},[94,34098,7527],{"class":108},[265,34100,34102,34103],{"id":34101},"trying-to-use-an-index-directly-on-dict_values","Trying to use an index directly on ",[15,34104,17366],{},[24,34106,34107],{},"This may not work the way you expect:",[85,34109,34111],{"className":87,"code":34110,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\n# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[15,34112,34113,34149,34163,34167],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,34114,34115,34117,34119,34121,34123,34125,34127,34129,34131,34133,34135,34137,34139,34141,34143,34145,34147],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,34116,13189],{"class":100},[94,34118,105],{"class":104},[94,34120,10823],{"class":108},[94,34122,332],{"class":331},[94,34124,8001],{"class":335},[94,34126,332],{"class":331},[94,34128,384],{"class":108},[94,34130,1040],{"class":331},[94,34132,13206],{"class":335},[94,34134,332],{"class":331},[94,34136,116],{"class":108},[94,34138,1040],{"class":331},[94,34140,9631],{"class":335},[94,34142,332],{"class":331},[94,34144,384],{"class":108},[94,34146,8124],{"class":112},[94,34148,9641],{"class":108},[94,34150,34151,34153,34155,34157,34159,34161],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,34152,4167],{"class":100},[94,34154,105],{"class":104},[94,34156,13232],{"class":100},[94,34158,168],{"class":108},[94,34160,5690],{"class":152},[94,34162,511],{"class":108},[94,34164,34165],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,34166,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,34168,34169],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,34170,34171],{"class":159},"# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[24,34173,34174],{},"Convert to a list first:",[85,34176,34178],{"className":87,"code":34177,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = list(student.values())\n\nprint(values[0])\n",[15,34179,34180,34216,34234,34238],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,34181,34182,34184,34186,34188,34190,34192,34194,34196,34198,34200,34202,34204,34206,34208,34210,34212,34214],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,34183,13189],{"class":100},[94,34185,105],{"class":104},[94,34187,10823],{"class":108},[94,34189,332],{"class":331},[94,34191,8001],{"class":335},[94,34193,332],{"class":331},[94,34195,384],{"class":108},[94,34197,1040],{"class":331},[94,34199,13206],{"class":335},[94,34201,332],{"class":331},[94,34203,116],{"class":108},[94,34205,1040],{"class":331},[94,34207,9631],{"class":335},[94,34209,332],{"class":331},[94,34211,384],{"class":108},[94,34213,8124],{"class":112},[94,34215,9641],{"class":108},[94,34217,34218,34220,34222,34224,34226,34228,34230,34232],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,34219,4167],{"class":100},[94,34221,105],{"class":104},[94,34223,22891],{"class":913},[94,34225,149],{"class":108},[94,34227,13953],{"class":152},[94,34229,168],{"class":108},[94,34231,5690],{"class":152},[94,34233,7527],{"class":108},[94,34235,34236],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,34237,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,34239,34240,34242,34244,34246,34248,34250],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,34241,326],{"class":145},[94,34243,149],{"class":108},[94,34245,5690],{"class":152},[94,34247,539],{"class":108},[94,34249,2476],{"class":112},[94,34251,4234],{"class":108},[265,34253,1484,34255,11420,34257],{"id":34254},"using-values-instead-of-values",[15,34256,5690],{},[15,34258,17400],{},[24,34260,34261],{},"This is also a common mistake:",[85,34263,34265],{"className":87,"code":34264,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.values)\n",[15,34266,34267,34303,34307],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,34268,34269,34271,34273,34275,34277,34279,34281,34283,34285,34287,34289,34291,34293,34295,34297,34299,34301],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,34270,13189],{"class":100},[94,34272,105],{"class":104},[94,34274,10823],{"class":108},[94,34276,332],{"class":331},[94,34278,8001],{"class":335},[94,34280,332],{"class":331},[94,34282,384],{"class":108},[94,34284,1040],{"class":331},[94,34286,13206],{"class":335},[94,34288,332],{"class":331},[94,34290,116],{"class":108},[94,34292,1040],{"class":331},[94,34294,9631],{"class":335},[94,34296,332],{"class":331},[94,34298,384],{"class":108},[94,34300,8124],{"class":112},[94,34302,9641],{"class":108},[94,34304,34305],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,34306,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,34308,34309,34311,34313,34315,34317,34319],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,34310,326],{"class":145},[94,34312,149],{"class":108},[94,34314,13953],{"class":152},[94,34316,168],{"class":108},[94,34318,5690],{"class":1377},[94,34320,316],{"class":108},[24,34322,34323,34326],{},[15,34324,34325],{},"student.values"," refers to the method itself, not the result.",[24,34328,19025],{},[85,34330,34332],{"className":87,"code":34331,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(student.values())\n",[15,34333,34334],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,34335,34336,34338,34340,34342,34344,34346],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,34337,326],{"class":145},[94,34339,149],{"class":108},[94,34341,13953],{"class":152},[94,34343,168],{"class":108},[94,34345,5690],{"class":152},[94,34347,7527],{"class":108},[265,34349,34351],{"id":34350},"using-parentheses-incorrectly-on-the-dictionary-variable","Using parentheses incorrectly on the dictionary variable",[24,34353,34354],{},"Make sure the method is called on the dictionary:",[85,34356,34358],{"className":87,"code":34357,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(data.values())\n",[15,34359,34360,34392],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,34361,34362,34364,34366,34368,34370,34372,34374,34376,34378,34380,34382,34384,34386,34388,34390],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,34363,9499],{"class":100},[94,34365,105],{"class":104},[94,34367,10823],{"class":108},[94,34369,332],{"class":331},[94,34371,434],{"class":335},[94,34373,332],{"class":331},[94,34375,384],{"class":108},[94,34377,119],{"class":112},[94,34379,116],{"class":108},[94,34381,1040],{"class":331},[94,34383,1937],{"class":335},[94,34385,332],{"class":331},[94,34387,384],{"class":108},[94,34389,124],{"class":112},[94,34391,9641],{"class":108},[94,34393,34394,34396,34398,34400,34402,34404],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,34395,326],{"class":145},[94,34397,149],{"class":108},[94,34399,9537],{"class":152},[94,34401,168],{"class":108},[94,34403,5690],{"class":152},[94,34405,7527],{"class":108},[24,34407,34408],{},"Not like this:",[85,34410,34412],{"className":87,"code":34411,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"# Wrong examples:\n# data().values()\n# values(data)\n",[15,34413,34414,34419,34424],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,34415,34416],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,34417,34418],{"class":159},"# Wrong examples:\n",[94,34420,34421],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,34422,34423],{"class":159},"# data().values()\n",[94,34425,34426],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,34427,34428],{"class":159},"# values(data)\n",[24,34430,3693],{},[85,34432,34434],{"className":87,"code":34433,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(list(my_dict.values()))\n",[15,34435,34436,34450,34460,34474],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,34437,34438,34440,34442,34444,34446,34448],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,34439,326],{"class":145},[94,34441,149],{"class":108},[94,34443,914],{"class":913},[94,34445,149],{"class":108},[94,34447,11779],{"class":152},[94,34449,921],{"class":108},[94,34451,34452,34454,34456,34458],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,34453,326],{"class":145},[94,34455,149],{"class":108},[94,34457,11779],{"class":152},[94,34459,316],{"class":108},[94,34461,34462,34464,34466,34468,34470,34472],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,34463,326],{"class":145},[94,34465,149],{"class":108},[94,34467,11779],{"class":152},[94,34469,168],{"class":108},[94,34471,5690],{"class":152},[94,34473,7527],{"class":108},[94,34475,34476,34478,34480,34482,34484,34486,34488,34490],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,34477,326],{"class":145},[94,34479,149],{"class":108},[94,34481,965],{"class":913},[94,34483,149],{"class":108},[94,34485,11779],{"class":152},[94,34487,168],{"class":108},[94,34489,5690],{"class":152},[94,34491,6622],{"class":108},[80,34493,2160],{"id":2159},[265,34495,5479,34497,5482],{"id":34496},"what-does-dictvalues-return-in-python",[15,34498,32651],{},[24,34500,17751,34501,34503],{},[15,34502,17366],{}," view object containing the dictionary's values.",[265,34505,13029,34507,24263],{"id":34506},"does-values-return-a-list",[15,34508,17400],{},[24,34510,24266,34511,24270],{},[15,34512,34513],{},"list(...)",[265,34515,26387,34517,2170],{"id":34516},"can-i-loop-through-dictvalues",[15,34518,32651],{},[24,34520,34521,34522,26395],{},"Yes. It is iterable, so you can use it in a ",[15,34523,6289],{},[265,34525,13029,34527,34529],{"id":34526},"does-dictvalues-change-if-the-dictionary-changes",[15,34528,32651],{}," change if the dictionary changes?",[24,34531,34532],{},"Yes. The returned view reflects updates to the dictionary.",[265,34534,34536,34537,34539,34540,2170],{"id":34535},"how-is-values-different-from-items","How is ",[15,34538,17400],{}," different from ",[15,34541,17407],{},[24,34543,34544,34546,34547,34549],{},[15,34545,17400],{}," returns only values. ",[15,34548,17407],{}," returns key-value pairs.",[80,34551,2232],{"id":2231},[28,34553,34554,34560,34566,34570,34576,34580],{},[31,34555,34556],{},[434,34557,11066,34558,567],{"href":17391},[15,34559,17394],{},[31,34561,34562],{},[434,34563,11066,34564,567],{"href":17404},[15,34565,17407],{},[31,34567,34568],{},[434,34569,11571],{"href":9723},[31,34571,34572],{},[434,34573,34575],{"href":34574},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-values-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all values from a dictionary in Python",[31,34577,34578],{},[434,34579,24348],{"href":33500},[31,34581,34582],{},[434,34583,30678,34584],{"href":26010},[15,34585,34586],{},"AttributeError: object has no attribute",[2260,34588,34589],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":90,"searchDepth":130,"depth":130,"links":34591},[34592,34593,34595,34596,34598,34599,34600,34601,34603,34614,34626],{"id":2360,"depth":130,"text":2361},{"id":32821,"depth":130,"text":34594},"What values() does",{"id":2513,"depth":130,"text":2514},{"id":32891,"depth":130,"text":34597},"What values() returns",{"id":11804,"depth":130,"text":11805},{"id":33370,"depth":130,"text":33371},{"id":33503,"depth":130,"text":33504},{"id":33662,"depth":130,"text":34602},"values() vs keys() vs items()",{"id":4861,"depth":130,"text":4862,"children":34604},[34605,34607,34609,34611,34613],{"id":33877,"depth":137,"text":34606},"Calling values() on the wrong type",{"id":33967,"depth":137,"text":34608},"Assuming values() returns a list",{"id":34101,"depth":137,"text":34610},"Trying to use an index directly on dict_values",{"id":34254,"depth":137,"text":34612},"Using values instead of values()",{"id":34350,"depth":137,"text":34351},{"id":2159,"depth":130,"text":2160,"children":34615},[34616,34618,34620,34622,34624],{"id":34496,"depth":137,"text":34617},"What does dict.values() return in Python?",{"id":34506,"depth":137,"text":34619},"Does values() return a list?",{"id":34516,"depth":137,"text":34621},"Can I loop through dict.values()?",{"id":34526,"depth":137,"text":34623},"Does dict.values() change if the dictionary changes?",{"id":34535,"depth":137,"text":34625},"How is values() different from items()?",{"id":2231,"depth":130,"text":2232},"Master python dictionary values method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":32638,"description":34627},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method","C7FI1a366YPc1nISHwbHD3SBOEKiby2QGVuyezuVqKU",{"id":34633,"title":34634,"body":34635,"description":36061,"extension":2319,"meta":36062,"navigation":133,"path":36063,"seo":36064,"stem":36065,"__hash__":36066},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained.md","Python dir() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":34636,"toc":36013},[34637,34643,34648,34651,34667,34676,34678,34710,34716,34719,34814,34817,34822,34827,34830,34841,34843,34857,34863,34865,34870,34876,34879,34918,34926,34931,34934,34979,34982,34994,35000,35006,35010,35041,35044,35062,35065,35069,35108,35110,35129,35132,35144,35149,35155,35158,35213,35216,35227,35230,35241,35244,35248,35254,35256,35286,35289,35304,35307,35310,35329,35332,35347,35356,35358,35389,35395,35400,35403,35409,35440,35443,35465,35468,35471,35485,35489,35520,35535,35542,35549,35553,35561,35565,35573,35576,35625,35636,35638,35641,35647,35652,35662,35666,35669,35672,35676,35679,35681,35702,35706,35712,35723,35729,35731,35737,35761,35764,35827,35830,35858,35861,35923,35925,35930,35933,35940,35948,35955,35958,35966,35972,35974,36001,36010],[10,34638,13,34640,3930],{"id":34639},"python-dir-function-explained",[15,34641,34642],{},"dir()",[24,34644,32648,34645,34647],{},[15,34646,34642],{}," function is a simple inspection tool. It helps you see what names are available on an object, module, or in the current scope.",[24,34649,34650],{},"This is especially useful when you are:",[28,34652,34653,34656,34659,34664],{},[31,34654,34655],{},"learning Python",[31,34657,34658],{},"exploring a new object",[31,34660,34661,34662],{},"debugging an ",[15,34663,26003],{},[31,34665,34666],{},"checking what methods exist on a value",[24,34668,34669,34670,34672,34673],{},"In short, ",[15,34671,34642],{}," helps you answer the question: ",[43,34674,34675],{},"“What can I use here?”",[80,34677,2361],{"id":2360},[85,34679,34681],{"className":87,"code":34680,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"name = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(name))\n",[15,34682,34683,34695],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,34684,34685,34687,34689,34691,34693],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,34686,8211],{"class":100},[94,34688,105],{"class":104},[94,34690,1040],{"class":331},[94,34692,4190],{"class":335},[94,34694,1812],{"class":331},[94,34696,34697,34699,34701,34704,34706,34708],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,34698,326],{"class":145},[94,34700,149],{"class":108},[94,34702,34703],{"class":145},"dir",[94,34705,149],{"class":108},[94,34707,8001],{"class":152},[94,34709,921],{"class":108},[24,34711,54,34712,34715],{},[15,34713,34714],{},"dir(object)"," to see the attributes and methods available on that object.",[24,34717,34718],{},"Example output will include names such as:",[85,34720,34722],{"className":87,"code":34721,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__doc__', ..., 'lower', 'split', 'upper']\n",[15,34723,34724],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,34725,34726,34728,34730,34733,34735,34737,34739,34742,34744,34746,34748,34751,34753,34755,34757,34760,34762,34764,34766,34769,34771,34773,34775,34778,34780,34782,34786,34788,34790,34792,34794,34796,34798,34801,34803,34805,34807,34810,34812],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,34727,539],{"class":108},[94,34729,968],{"class":331},[94,34731,34732],{"class":335},"__add__",[94,34734,968],{"class":331},[94,34736,116],{"class":108},[94,34738,962],{"class":331},[94,34740,34741],{"class":335},"__class__",[94,34743,968],{"class":331},[94,34745,116],{"class":108},[94,34747,962],{"class":331},[94,34749,34750],{"class":335},"__contains__",[94,34752,968],{"class":331},[94,34754,116],{"class":108},[94,34756,962],{"class":331},[94,34758,34759],{"class":335},"__delattr__",[94,34761,968],{"class":331},[94,34763,116],{"class":108},[94,34765,962],{"class":331},[94,34767,34768],{"class":335},"__dir__",[94,34770,968],{"class":331},[94,34772,116],{"class":108},[94,34774,962],{"class":331},[94,34776,34777],{"class":335},"__doc__",[94,34779,968],{"class":331},[94,34781,116],{"class":108},[94,34783,34785],{"class":34784},"s_hVV"," ...",[94,34787,116],{"class":108},[94,34789,962],{"class":331},[94,34791,1378],{"class":335},[94,34793,968],{"class":331},[94,34795,116],{"class":108},[94,34797,962],{"class":331},[94,34799,34800],{"class":335},"split",[94,34802,968],{"class":331},[94,34804,116],{"class":108},[94,34806,962],{"class":331},[94,34808,34809],{"class":335},"upper",[94,34811,968],{"class":331},[94,34813,127],{"class":108},[24,34815,34816],{},"Notice that the result is a list of strings.",[80,34818,215,34820,218],{"id":34819},"what-dir-does",[15,34821,34642],{},[24,34823,34824,34826],{},[15,34825,34642],{}," shows the names available on an object.",[24,34828,34829],{},"It usually includes:",[28,34831,34832,34835,34838],{},[31,34833,34834],{},"attributes",[31,34836,34837],{},"methods",[31,34839,34840],{},"special Python names",[24,34842,11788],{},[28,34844,34845,34851,34854],{},[31,34846,34847,34848],{},"The result is a ",[43,34849,34850],{},"list of strings",[31,34852,34853],{},"Each string is the name of something available on that object",[31,34855,34856],{},"It is often used for exploration and debugging",[24,34858,34859,34860,34862],{},"For example, if you want to know what you can do with a string, ",[15,34861,34642],{}," gives you a list of available names.",[80,34864,2514],{"id":2513},[24,34866,34867,34869],{},[15,34868,34642],{}," can be used in two main ways.",[265,34871,34873,34875],{"id":34872},"dir-with-no-argument",[15,34874,34642],{}," with no argument",[24,34877,34878],{},"This shows names in the current scope.",[85,34880,34882],{"className":87,"code":34881,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"x = 10\nname = \"Sam\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,34883,34884,34892,34904,34908],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,34885,34886,34888,34890],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,34887,3381],{"class":100},[94,34889,105],{"class":104},[94,34891,2942],{"class":112},[94,34893,34894,34896,34898,34900,34902],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,34895,8211],{"class":100},[94,34897,105],{"class":104},[94,34899,1040],{"class":331},[94,34901,8010],{"class":335},[94,34903,1812],{"class":331},[94,34905,34906],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,34907,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,34909,34910,34912,34914,34916],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,34911,326],{"class":145},[94,34913,149],{"class":108},[94,34915,34703],{"class":145},[94,34917,7527],{"class":108},[24,34919,34920,34921,1139,34923,34925],{},"This will show names such as ",[15,34922,2531],{},[15,34924,8001],{},", along with other names available in that scope.",[265,34927,34929],{"id":34928},"dirobject",[15,34930,34714],{},[24,34932,34933],{},"This shows names related to a specific object.",[85,34935,34937],{"className":87,"code":34936,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(dir(\"hello\"))\nprint(dir([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,34938,34939,34957],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,34940,34941,34943,34945,34947,34949,34951,34953,34955],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,34942,326],{"class":145},[94,34944,149],{"class":108},[94,34946,34703],{"class":145},[94,34948,149],{"class":108},[94,34950,332],{"class":331},[94,34952,4190],{"class":335},[94,34954,332],{"class":331},[94,34956,921],{"class":108},[94,34958,34959,34961,34963,34965,34967,34969,34971,34973,34975,34977],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,34960,326],{"class":145},[94,34962,149],{"class":108},[94,34964,34703],{"class":145},[94,34966,3342],{"class":108},[94,34968,412],{"class":112},[94,34970,116],{"class":108},[94,34972,124],{"class":112},[94,34974,116],{"class":108},[94,34976,421],{"class":112},[94,34978,3355],{"class":108},[24,34980,34981],{},"Common objects you might inspect:",[28,34983,34984,34986,34988,34991],{},[31,34985,257],{},[31,34987,251],{},[31,34989,34990],{},"modules",[31,34992,34993],{},"custom objects",[80,34995,1484,34997,34999],{"id":34996},"using-dir-with-a-value",[15,34998,34642],{}," with a value",[24,35001,35002,35003,35005],{},"A common use of ",[15,35004,34642],{}," is passing in a value to see what methods it has.",[265,35007,35009],{"id":35008},"example-string-methods","Example: string methods",[85,35011,35013],{"className":87,"code":35012,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(text))\n",[15,35014,35015,35027],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,35016,35017,35019,35021,35023,35025],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,35018,1803],{"class":100},[94,35020,105],{"class":104},[94,35022,1040],{"class":331},[94,35024,4190],{"class":335},[94,35026,1812],{"class":331},[94,35028,35029,35031,35033,35035,35037,35039],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,35030,326],{"class":145},[94,35032,149],{"class":108},[94,35034,34703],{"class":145},[94,35036,149],{"class":108},[94,35038,1817],{"class":152},[94,35040,921],{"class":108},[24,35042,35043],{},"You will see method names like:",[28,35045,35046,35050,35054,35058],{},[31,35047,35048],{},[15,35049,1378],{},[31,35051,35052],{},[15,35053,34809],{},[31,35055,35056],{},[15,35057,34800],{},[31,35059,35060],{},[15,35061,8968],{},[24,35063,35064],{},"This tells you what operations are available for strings.",[265,35066,35068],{"id":35067},"example-list-methods","Example: list methods",[85,35070,35072],{"className":87,"code":35071,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(dir(numbers))\n",[15,35073,35074,35094],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,35075,35076,35078,35080,35082,35084,35086,35088,35090,35092],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,35077,101],{"class":100},[94,35079,105],{"class":104},[94,35081,109],{"class":108},[94,35083,412],{"class":112},[94,35085,116],{"class":108},[94,35087,124],{"class":112},[94,35089,116],{"class":108},[94,35091,421],{"class":112},[94,35093,127],{"class":108},[94,35095,35096,35098,35100,35102,35104,35106],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,35097,326],{"class":145},[94,35099,149],{"class":108},[94,35101,34703],{"class":145},[94,35103,149],{"class":108},[94,35105,153],{"class":152},[94,35107,921],{"class":108},[24,35109,35043],{},[28,35111,35112,35116,35120,35125],{},[31,35113,35114],{},[15,35115,13880],{},[31,35117,35118],{},[15,35119,26572],{},[31,35121,35122],{},[15,35123,35124],{},"remove",[31,35126,35127],{},[15,35128,171],{},[24,35130,35131],{},"This is a good way to discover what you can do with a list.",[24,35133,35134,35135,35140,35141,35143],{},"If you are not sure what kind of object you have, ",[434,35136,35138],{"href":35137},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained",[15,35139,2659],{}," can help first. Then ",[15,35142,34642],{}," can show what names are available on that object.",[80,35145,1484,35147,34875],{"id":35146},"using-dir-with-no-argument",[15,35148,34642],{},[24,35150,35151,35152,35154],{},"When used with no argument, ",[15,35153,34642],{}," shows names currently defined in your local scope.",[24,35156,35157],{},"This is useful when working in the Python shell.",[85,35159,35161],{"className":87,"code":35160,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"x = 5\n\ndef greet():\n    return \"Hello\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,35162,35163,35172,35176,35187,35199,35203],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,35164,35165,35167,35169],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,35166,3381],{"class":100},[94,35168,105],{"class":104},[94,35170,35171],{"class":112}," 5\n",[94,35173,35174],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,35175,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,35177,35178,35181,35185],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,35179,35180],{"class":958},"def",[94,35182,35184],{"class":35183},"sGLFI"," greet",[94,35186,21926],{"class":108},[94,35188,35189,35192,35194,35197],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,35190,35191],{"class":4221},"    return",[94,35193,1040],{"class":331},[94,35195,35196],{"class":335},"Hello",[94,35198,1812],{"class":331},[94,35200,35201],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,35202,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,35204,35205,35207,35209,35211],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,35206,326],{"class":145},[94,35208,149],{"class":108},[94,35210,34703],{"class":145},[94,35212,7527],{"class":108},[24,35214,35215],{},"The output will include names like:",[28,35217,35218,35222],{},[31,35219,35220],{},[15,35221,2531],{},[31,35223,35224],{},[15,35225,35226],{},"greet",[24,35228,35229],{},"This is helpful for checking:",[28,35231,35232,35235,35238],{},[31,35233,35234],{},"what variables exist",[31,35236,35237],{},"what functions you have defined",[31,35239,35240],{},"what names are currently available",[24,35242,35243],{},"It is especially useful while experimenting in the interactive Python shell.",[80,35245,35247],{"id":35246},"how-to-read-the-output","How to read the output",[24,35249,35250,35251,35253],{},"When you first use ",[15,35252,34642],{},", the output can look overwhelming.",[24,35255,2566],{},[85,35257,35258],{"className":87,"code":35012,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,35259,35260,35272],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,35261,35262,35264,35266,35268,35270],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,35263,1803],{"class":100},[94,35265,105],{"class":104},[94,35267,1040],{"class":331},[94,35269,4190],{"class":335},[94,35271,1812],{"class":331},[94,35273,35274,35276,35278,35280,35282,35284],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,35275,326],{"class":145},[94,35277,149],{"class":108},[94,35279,34703],{"class":145},[94,35281,149],{"class":108},[94,35283,1817],{"class":152},[94,35285,921],{"class":108},[24,35287,35288],{},"You will probably see many names that start and end with double underscores, such as:",[28,35290,35291,35295,35299],{},[31,35292,35293],{},[15,35294,34741],{},[31,35296,35297],{},[15,35298,34777],{},[31,35300,35301],{},[15,35302,35303],{},"__len__",[24,35305,35306],{},"These are special Python names used by the language itself.",[24,35308,35309],{},"As a beginner, it is usually better to focus first on regular method names such as:",[28,35311,35312,35316,35320,35324],{},[31,35313,35314],{},[15,35315,34809],{},[31,35317,35318],{},[15,35319,1378],{},[31,35321,35322],{},[15,35323,34800],{},[31,35325,35326],{},[15,35327,35328],{},"replace",[24,35330,35331],{},"A key point to remember:",[28,35333,35334,35342],{},[31,35335,35336,35338,35339],{},[15,35337,34642],{}," lists ",[43,35340,35341],{},"names only",[31,35343,1622,35344,35346],{},[43,35345,45],{}," explain what each name does",[24,35348,35349,35350,168],{},"If you want an explanation of a method, use ",[434,35351,35353],{"href":35352},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained",[15,35354,35355],{},"help()",[24,35357,5804],{},[85,35359,35361],{"className":87,"code":35360,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"name = \"hello\"\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35362,35363,35375],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,35364,35365,35367,35369,35371,35373],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,35366,8211],{"class":100},[94,35368,105],{"class":104},[94,35370,1040],{"class":331},[94,35372,4190],{"class":335},[94,35374,1812],{"class":331},[94,35376,35377,35379,35381,35383,35385,35387],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,35378,2080],{"class":145},[94,35380,149],{"class":108},[94,35382,8001],{"class":152},[94,35384,168],{"class":108},[94,35386,34809],{"class":1377},[94,35388,316],{"class":108},[80,35390,35392,35394],{"id":35391},"dir-on-modules",[15,35393,34642],{}," on modules",[24,35396,16042,35397,35399],{},[15,35398,34642],{}," on modules after importing them.",[24,35401,35402],{},"This is useful when you want to explore what a module provides.",[265,35404,268,35406,35408],{"id":35405},"example-math-module",[15,35407,18747],{}," module",[85,35410,35412],{"className":87,"code":35411,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"import math\n\nprint(dir(math))\n",[15,35413,35414,35422,35426],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,35415,35416,35419],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,35417,35418],{"class":4221},"import",[94,35420,35421],{"class":100}," math\n",[94,35423,35424],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,35425,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,35427,35428,35430,35432,35434,35436,35438],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,35429,326],{"class":145},[94,35431,149],{"class":108},[94,35433,34703],{"class":145},[94,35435,149],{"class":108},[94,35437,18747],{"class":152},[94,35439,921],{"class":108},[24,35441,35442],{},"You may see names like:",[28,35444,35445,35450,35455,35460],{},[31,35446,35447],{},[15,35448,35449],{},"sqrt",[31,35451,35452],{},[15,35453,35454],{},"ceil",[31,35456,35457],{},[15,35458,35459],{},"floor",[31,35461,35462],{},[15,35463,35464],{},"pi",[24,35466,35467],{},"This helps you discover available functions and constants.",[24,35469,35470],{},"If you are exploring modules, these pages may help too:",[28,35472,35473,35479],{},[31,35474,35475],{},[434,35476,35478],{"href":35477},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-modules-explained","Python modules explained",[31,35480,35481],{},[434,35482,35484],{"href":35483},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview","Python math module overview",[265,35486,35488],{"id":35487},"another-example","Another example",[85,35490,35492],{"className":87,"code":35491,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"import json\n\nprint(dir(json))\n",[15,35493,35494,35501,35505],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,35495,35496,35498],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,35497,35418],{"class":4221},[94,35499,35500],{"class":100}," json\n",[94,35502,35503],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,35504,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,35506,35507,35509,35511,35513,35515,35518],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,35508,326],{"class":145},[94,35510,149],{"class":108},[94,35512,34703],{"class":145},[94,35514,149],{"class":108},[94,35516,35517],{"class":152},"json",[94,35519,921],{"class":108},[24,35521,35522,35523,2547,35526,2547,35529,17401,35532,168],{},"This can help you quickly spot useful names such as ",[15,35524,35525],{},"dump",[15,35527,35528],{},"dumps",[15,35530,35531],{},"load",[15,35533,35534],{},"loads",[80,35536,35538,18,35540],{"id":35537},"dir-vs-help",[15,35539,34642],{},[15,35541,35355],{},[24,35543,35544,1139,35546,35548],{},[15,35545,34642],{},[15,35547,35355],{}," are often used together.",[265,35550,35551],{"id":34703},[15,35552,34642],{},[28,35554,35555,35558],{},[31,35556,35557],{},"shows available names",[31,35559,35560],{},"helps you discover methods and attributes",[265,35562,35563],{"id":2080},[15,35564,35355],{},[28,35566,35567,35570],{},[31,35568,35569],{},"explains what an object or function does",[31,35571,35572],{},"shows usage details and documentation",[24,35574,35575],{},"A common beginner workflow looks like this:",[85,35577,35579],{"className":87,"code":35578,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35580,35581,35593,35597,35611],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,35582,35583,35585,35587,35589,35591],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,35584,8211],{"class":100},[94,35586,105],{"class":104},[94,35588,1040],{"class":331},[94,35590,4190],{"class":335},[94,35592,1812],{"class":331},[94,35594,35595],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,35596,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,35598,35599,35601,35603,35605,35607,35609],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,35600,326],{"class":145},[94,35602,149],{"class":108},[94,35604,34703],{"class":145},[94,35606,149],{"class":108},[94,35608,8001],{"class":152},[94,35610,921],{"class":108},[94,35612,35613,35615,35617,35619,35621,35623],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,35614,2080],{"class":145},[94,35616,149],{"class":108},[94,35618,8001],{"class":152},[94,35620,168],{"class":108},[94,35622,34809],{"class":1377},[94,35624,316],{"class":108},[24,35626,54,35627,35629,35630,35632,35633,35635],{},[15,35628,34642],{}," first to find a method name.",[10178,35631],{},"\nThen use ",[15,35634,35355],{}," to understand how to use it.",[80,35637,25689],{"id":25688},[24,35639,35640],{},"Here are a few things that often confuse beginners.",[265,35642,35644,35646],{"id":35643},"dir-returns-names-not-values",[15,35645,34642],{}," returns names, not values",[24,35648,35649,35651],{},[15,35650,34642],{}," does not give you the actual value of an attribute. It only gives you its name.",[24,35653,35654,35655,35657,35658,35661],{},"For example, seeing ",[15,35656,34809],{}," in ",[15,35659,35660],{},"dir(\"hello\")"," does not run the method. It only tells you the method exists.",[265,35663,35665],{"id":35664},"not-every-name-is-for-everyday-use","Not every name is for everyday use",[24,35667,35668],{},"Many names in the output are special Python internals, especially names with double underscores.",[24,35670,35671],{},"Beginners usually do not need most of these right away.",[265,35673,35675],{"id":35674},"output-can-vary","Output can vary",[24,35677,35678],{},"The exact output depends on the object type.",[24,35680,5804],{},[28,35682,35683,35688,35694],{},[31,35684,35685,35687],{},[15,35686,35660],{}," shows string-related names",[31,35689,35690,35693],{},[15,35691,35692],{},"dir([1, 2, 3])"," shows list-related names",[31,35695,35696,35699,35700,35408],{},[15,35697,35698],{},"dir(math)"," shows names from the ",[15,35701,18747],{},[265,35703,35705],{"id":35704},"a-name-existing-does-not-mean-you-know-how-to-call-it","A name existing does not mean you know how to call it",[24,35707,35708,35709,35711],{},"Just because a method appears in ",[15,35710,34642],{}," does not mean you already know:",[28,35713,35714,35717,35720],{},[31,35715,35716],{},"what it does",[31,35718,35719],{},"what arguments it needs",[31,35721,35722],{},"what it returns",[24,35724,35725,35726,35728],{},"That is why ",[15,35727,35355],{}," is the natural next step.",[80,35730,3186],{"id":3185},[24,35732,35733,35734,35736],{},"Beginners often use ",[15,35735,34642],{}," in these situations:",[28,35738,35739,35742,35751,35754],{},[31,35740,35741],{},"Trying to understand what methods are available on a string, list, or dictionary",[31,35743,35744,35745,35750],{},"Seeing an ",[434,35746,35748],{"href":35747},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix",[15,35749,26003],{}," and wanting to check valid attribute names",[31,35752,35753],{},"Exploring a module without knowing its functions",[31,35755,1484,35756,35758,35759],{},[15,35757,34642],{}," output without following up with documentation or ",[15,35760,35355],{},[24,35762,35763],{},"A simple debugging workflow is:",[85,35765,35767],{"className":87,"code":35766,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(type(name))\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35768,35769,35781,35785,35799,35813],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,35770,35771,35773,35775,35777,35779],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,35772,8211],{"class":100},[94,35774,105],{"class":104},[94,35776,1040],{"class":331},[94,35778,4190],{"class":335},[94,35780,1812],{"class":331},[94,35782,35783],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,35784,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,35786,35787,35789,35791,35793,35795,35797],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,35788,326],{"class":145},[94,35790,149],{"class":108},[94,35792,914],{"class":913},[94,35794,149],{"class":108},[94,35796,8001],{"class":152},[94,35798,921],{"class":108},[94,35800,35801,35803,35805,35807,35809,35811],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,35802,326],{"class":145},[94,35804,149],{"class":108},[94,35806,34703],{"class":145},[94,35808,149],{"class":108},[94,35810,8001],{"class":152},[94,35812,921],{"class":108},[94,35814,35815,35817,35819,35821,35823,35825],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,35816,2080],{"class":145},[94,35818,149],{"class":108},[94,35820,8001],{"class":152},[94,35822,168],{"class":108},[94,35824,34809],{"class":1377},[94,35826,316],{"class":108},[24,35828,35829],{},"And for modules:",[85,35831,35832],{"className":87,"code":35411,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,35833,35834,35840,35844],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,35835,35836,35838],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,35837,35418],{"class":4221},[94,35839,35421],{"class":100},[94,35841,35842],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,35843,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,35845,35846,35848,35850,35852,35854,35856],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,35847,326],{"class":145},[94,35849,149],{"class":108},[94,35851,34703],{"class":145},[94,35853,149],{"class":108},[94,35855,18747],{"class":152},[94,35857,921],{"class":108},[24,35859,35860],{},"You can try the same commands in the Python shell:",[85,35862,35864],{"className":87,"code":35863,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"python\nname = \"hello\"\ndir(name)\nhelp(name.upper)\nimport math\ndir(math)\n",[15,35865,35866,35871,35883,35893,35907,35913],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,35867,35868],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,35869,35870],{"class":100},"python\n",[94,35872,35873,35875,35877,35879,35881],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,35874,8211],{"class":100},[94,35876,105],{"class":104},[94,35878,1040],{"class":331},[94,35880,4190],{"class":335},[94,35882,1812],{"class":331},[94,35884,35885,35887,35889,35891],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,35886,34703],{"class":145},[94,35888,149],{"class":108},[94,35890,8001],{"class":152},[94,35892,316],{"class":108},[94,35894,35895,35897,35899,35901,35903,35905],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,35896,2080],{"class":145},[94,35898,149],{"class":108},[94,35900,8001],{"class":152},[94,35902,168],{"class":108},[94,35904,34809],{"class":1377},[94,35906,316],{"class":108},[94,35908,35909,35911],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,35910,35418],{"class":4221},[94,35912,35421],{"class":100},[94,35914,35915,35917,35919,35921],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,35916,34703],{"class":145},[94,35918,149],{"class":108},[94,35920,18747],{"class":152},[94,35922,316],{"class":108},[80,35924,2160],{"id":2159},[265,35926,5479,35928,5482],{"id":35927},"what-does-dir-return-in-python",[15,35929,34642],{},[24,35931,35932],{},"It returns a list of strings containing attribute and method names for an object, or names in the current scope when called with no argument.",[265,35934,5514,35936,1139,35938,2170],{"id":35935},"what-is-the-difference-between-dir-and-help",[15,35937,34642],{},[15,35939,35355],{},[24,35941,35942,35944,35945,35947],{},[15,35943,34642],{}," lists available names. ",[15,35946,35355],{}," gives documentation and usage details.",[265,35949,35951,35952,35954],{"id":35950},"why-do-i-see-names-with-double-underscores-in-dir-output","Why do I see names with double underscores in ",[15,35953,34642],{}," output?",[24,35956,35957],{},"Those are special Python attributes and methods used internally by the language.",[265,35959,2191,35961,35963,35964,2170],{"id":35960},"can-dir-help-fix-attributeerror",[15,35962,34642],{}," help fix ",[15,35965,26003],{},[24,35967,35968,35969,168],{},"Yes. It can show which attribute names actually exist on an object. This makes it useful when debugging an error like ",[434,35970,35971],{"href":35747},"object has no attribute",[80,35973,2232],{"id":2231},[28,35975,35976,35982,35987,35991,35995],{},[31,35977,35978],{},[434,35979,13,35980,439],{"href":35352},[15,35981,35355],{},[31,35983,35984],{},[434,35985,35986],{"href":35747},"AttributeError: object has no attribute fix",[31,35988,35989],{},[434,35990,35478],{"href":35477},[31,35992,35993],{},[434,35994,35484],{"href":35483},[31,35996,35997],{},[434,35998,13,35999,439],{"href":35137},[15,36000,2659],{},[24,36002,36003,36004,36006,36007,36009],{},"A good habit is to use ",[15,36005,34642],{}," together with ",[15,36008,35355],{}," in the Python shell. It is one of the fastest ways to explore objects and learn Python methods as you go.",[2260,36011,36012],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":90,"searchDepth":130,"depth":130,"links":36014},[36015,36016,36018,36023,36028,36030,36031,36037,36042,36049,36050,36060],{"id":2360,"depth":130,"text":2361},{"id":34819,"depth":130,"text":36017},"What dir() does",{"id":2513,"depth":130,"text":2514,"children":36019},[36020,36022],{"id":34872,"depth":137,"text":36021},"dir() with no argument",{"id":34928,"depth":137,"text":34714},{"id":34996,"depth":130,"text":36024,"children":36025},"Using dir() with a value",[36026,36027],{"id":35008,"depth":137,"text":35009},{"id":35067,"depth":137,"text":35068},{"id":35146,"depth":130,"text":36029},"Using dir() with no argument",{"id":35246,"depth":130,"text":35247},{"id":35391,"depth":130,"text":36032,"children":36033},"dir() on modules",[36034,36036],{"id":35405,"depth":137,"text":36035},"Example: math module",{"id":35487,"depth":137,"text":35488},{"id":35537,"depth":130,"text":36038,"children":36039},"dir() vs help()",[36040,36041],{"id":34703,"depth":137,"text":34642},{"id":2080,"depth":137,"text":35355},{"id":25688,"depth":130,"text":25689,"children":36043},[36044,36046,36047,36048],{"id":35643,"depth":137,"text":36045},"dir() returns names, not values",{"id":35664,"depth":137,"text":35665},{"id":35674,"depth":137,"text":35675},{"id":35704,"depth":137,"text":35705},{"id":3185,"depth":130,"text":3186},{"id":2159,"depth":130,"text":2160,"children":36051},[36052,36054,36056,36058],{"id":35927,"depth":137,"text":36053},"What does dir() return in Python?",{"id":35935,"depth":137,"text":36055},"What is the difference between dir() and help()?",{"id":35950,"depth":137,"text":36057},"Why do I see names with double underscores in dir() output?",{"id":35960,"depth":137,"text":36059},"Can dir() help fix AttributeError?",{"id":2231,"depth":130,"text":2232},"Master python dir function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained",{"title":34634,"description":36061},"reference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained","GdcucA4RY69afXDO9saBTHeJ2twMUyCItdFzeLoSsyo",{"id":36068,"title":36069,"body":36070,"description":37889,"extension":2319,"meta":37890,"navigation":133,"path":37891,"seo":37892,"stem":37893,"__hash__":37894},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained.md","Python enumerate() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":36071,"toc":37858},[36072,36078,36083,36086,36094,36100,36102,36182,36184,36210,36215,36220,36225,36228,36238,36241,36243,36322,36324,36350,36357,36359,36361,36386,36389,36402,36407,36409,36490,36492,36518,36527,36532,36540,36546,36553,36556,36558,36637,36640,36697,36699,36736,36742,36747,36752,36755,36769,36771,36874,36876,36919,36928,36938,36945,36951,36958,37041,37043,37066,37069,37072,37074,37078,37082,37085,37148,37171,37174,37178,37184,37186,37253,37256,37333,37338,37344,37347,37350,37396,37398,37422,37427,37431,37436,37442,37505,37508,37510,37513,37538,37541,37676,37678,37779,37781,37786,37789,37795,37805,37813,37818,37824,37830,37832,37855],[10,36073,13,36075,3930],{"id":36074},"python-enumerate-function-explained",[15,36076,36077],{},"enumerate()",[24,36079,36080,36082],{},[15,36081,36077],{}," is a built-in Python function that helps you loop through items while also keeping track of their position.",[24,36084,36085],{},"It is useful when you need both:",[28,36087,36088,36091],{},[31,36089,36090],{},"the item itself",[31,36092,36093],{},"its index in the loop",[24,36095,36096,36097,36099],{},"Beginners often use a manual counter variable for this, but ",[15,36098,36077],{}," is usually cleaner and easier to read.",[80,36101,2361],{"id":2360},[85,36103,36105],{"className":87,"code":36104,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,36106,36107,36139,36143,36166],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,36108,36109,36111,36113,36115,36117,36119,36121,36123,36125,36127,36129,36131,36133,36135,36137],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,36110,13402],{"class":100},[94,36112,105],{"class":104},[94,36114,109],{"class":108},[94,36116,332],{"class":331},[94,36118,13419],{"class":335},[94,36120,332],{"class":331},[94,36122,116],{"class":108},[94,36124,1040],{"class":331},[94,36126,17785],{"class":335},[94,36128,332],{"class":331},[94,36130,116],{"class":108},[94,36132,1040],{"class":331},[94,36134,13436],{"class":335},[94,36136,332],{"class":331},[94,36138,127],{"class":108},[94,36140,36141],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,36142,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,36144,36145,36147,36150,36152,36155,36157,36160,36162,36164],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,36146,6289],{"class":4221},[94,36148,36149],{"class":100}," index",[94,36151,116],{"class":108},[94,36153,36154],{"class":100}," color ",[94,36156,4228],{"class":4221},[94,36158,36159],{"class":145}," enumerate",[94,36161,149],{"class":108},[94,36163,17832],{"class":152},[94,36165,8676],{"class":108},[94,36167,36168,36170,36172,36175,36177,36180],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,36169,8404],{"class":145},[94,36171,149],{"class":108},[94,36173,36174],{"class":152},"index",[94,36176,116],{"class":108},[94,36178,36179],{"class":152}," color",[94,36181,316],{"class":108},[24,36183,371],{},[85,36185,36187],{"className":87,"code":36186,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"0 red\n1 green\n2 blue\n",[15,36188,36189,36196,36203],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,36190,36191,36193],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,36192,2476],{"class":112},[94,36194,36195],{"class":100}," red\n",[94,36197,36198,36200],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,36199,412],{"class":112},[94,36201,36202],{"class":100}," green\n",[94,36204,36205,36207],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,36206,763],{"class":112},[94,36208,36209],{"class":100}," blue\n",[24,36211,54,36212,36214],{},[15,36213,36077],{}," when you need both the item and its position in a loop.",[80,36216,215,36218,218],{"id":36217},"what-enumerate-does",[15,36219,36077],{},[24,36221,36222,36224],{},[15,36223,36077],{}," lets you loop over an iterable and get both the index and the value at the same time.",[24,36226,36227],{},"It is commonly used with:",[28,36229,36230,36232,36234,36236],{},[31,36231,251],{},[31,36233,254],{},[31,36235,257],{},[31,36237,263],{},[24,36239,36240],{},"This helps you avoid writing and updating your own counter variable.",[24,36242,2566],{},[85,36244,36246],{"className":87,"code":36245,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor index, name in enumerate(names):\n    print(index, name)\n",[15,36247,36248,36282,36286,36307],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,36249,36250,36252,36254,36256,36258,36260,36262,36264,36266,36269,36271,36273,36275,36278,36280],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,36251,1024],{"class":100},[94,36253,105],{"class":104},[94,36255,109],{"class":108},[94,36257,332],{"class":331},[94,36259,13206],{"class":335},[94,36261,332],{"class":331},[94,36263,116],{"class":108},[94,36265,1040],{"class":331},[94,36267,36268],{"class":335},"Ben",[94,36270,332],{"class":331},[94,36272,116],{"class":108},[94,36274,1040],{"class":331},[94,36276,36277],{"class":335},"Cara",[94,36279,332],{"class":331},[94,36281,127],{"class":108},[94,36283,36284],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,36285,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,36287,36288,36290,36292,36294,36297,36299,36301,36303,36305],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,36289,6289],{"class":4221},[94,36291,36149],{"class":100},[94,36293,116],{"class":108},[94,36295,36296],{"class":100}," name ",[94,36298,4228],{"class":4221},[94,36300,36159],{"class":145},[94,36302,149],{"class":108},[94,36304,1065],{"class":152},[94,36306,8676],{"class":108},[94,36308,36309,36311,36313,36315,36317,36320],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,36310,8404],{"class":145},[94,36312,149],{"class":108},[94,36314,36174],{"class":152},[94,36316,116],{"class":108},[94,36318,36319],{"class":152}," name",[94,36321,316],{"class":108},[24,36323,371],{},[85,36325,36327],{"className":87,"code":36326,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"0 Ana\n1 Ben\n2 Cara\n",[15,36328,36329,36336,36343],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,36330,36331,36333],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,36332,2476],{"class":112},[94,36334,36335],{"class":100}," Ana\n",[94,36337,36338,36340],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,36339,412],{"class":112},[94,36341,36342],{"class":100}," Ben\n",[94,36344,36345,36347],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,36346,763],{"class":112},[94,36348,36349],{"class":100}," Cara\n",[24,36351,36352,36353,168],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with loops, see ",[434,36354,36356],{"href":36355},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained\u002F","Python for loops explained",[80,36358,2514],{"id":2513},[24,36360,2517],{},[85,36362,36364],{"className":87,"code":36363,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"enumerate(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,36365,36366],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,36367,36368,36371,36373,36375,36377,36380,36382,36384],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,36369,36370],{"class":145},"enumerate",[94,36372,149],{"class":108},[94,36374,4065],{"class":152},[94,36376,116],{"class":108},[94,36378,36379],{"class":1218}," start",[94,36381,105],{"class":104},[94,36383,2476],{"class":112},[94,36385,316],{"class":108},[24,36387,36388],{},"It has two parts:",[28,36390,36391,36396],{},[31,36392,36393,36395],{},[15,36394,4065],{},": the object you want to loop through",[31,36397,36398,36401],{},[15,36399,36400],{},"start",": the number to begin counting from",[24,36403,36404,36405,168],{},"By default, counting starts at ",[15,36406,2476],{},[24,36408,2566],{},[85,36410,36412],{"className":87,"code":36411,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i, letter in enumerate(letters):\n    print(i, letter)\n",[15,36413,36414,36447,36451,36474],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,36415,36416,36419,36421,36423,36425,36427,36429,36431,36433,36435,36437,36439,36441,36443,36445],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,36417,36418],{"class":100},"letters ",[94,36420,105],{"class":104},[94,36422,109],{"class":108},[94,36424,332],{"class":331},[94,36426,434],{"class":335},[94,36428,332],{"class":331},[94,36430,116],{"class":108},[94,36432,1040],{"class":331},[94,36434,1937],{"class":335},[94,36436,332],{"class":331},[94,36438,116],{"class":108},[94,36440,1040],{"class":331},[94,36442,1946],{"class":335},[94,36444,332],{"class":331},[94,36446,127],{"class":108},[94,36448,36449],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,36450,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,36452,36453,36455,36458,36460,36463,36465,36467,36469,36472],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,36454,6289],{"class":4221},[94,36456,36457],{"class":100}," i",[94,36459,116],{"class":108},[94,36461,36462],{"class":100}," letter ",[94,36464,4228],{"class":4221},[94,36466,36159],{"class":145},[94,36468,149],{"class":108},[94,36470,36471],{"class":152},"letters",[94,36473,8676],{"class":108},[94,36475,36476,36478,36480,36483,36485,36488],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,36477,8404],{"class":145},[94,36479,149],{"class":108},[94,36481,36482],{"class":152},"i",[94,36484,116],{"class":108},[94,36486,36487],{"class":152}," letter",[94,36489,316],{"class":108},[24,36491,371],{},[85,36493,36495],{"className":87,"code":36494,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"0 a\n1 b\n2 c\n",[15,36496,36497,36504,36511],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,36498,36499,36501],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,36500,2476],{"class":112},[94,36502,36503],{"class":100}," a\n",[94,36505,36506,36508],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,36507,412],{"class":112},[94,36509,36510],{"class":100}," b\n",[94,36512,36513,36515],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,36514,763],{"class":112},[94,36516,36517],{"class":100}," c\n",[24,36519,36520,36521,168],{},"If you want to compare this with another counting tool, see the ",[434,36522,13,36524,439],{"href":36523},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained\u002F",[15,36525,36526],{},"range()",[80,36528,215,36530,2114],{"id":36529},"what-enumerate-returns",[15,36531,36077],{},[24,36533,36534,36536,36537,168],{},[15,36535,36077],{}," returns an ",[43,36538,36539],{},"enumerate object",[24,36541,36542,36543,36545],{},"In most cases, you use it directly in a ",[15,36544,6289],{}," loop. Each step of the loop gives you a pair:",[28,36547,36548],{},[31,36549,36550],{},[15,36551,36552],{},"(index, item)",[24,36554,36555],{},"You usually unpack that pair into two variables.",[24,36557,2566],{},[85,36559,36561],{"className":87,"code":36560,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\n\nfor index, fruit in enumerate(fruits):\n    print(index, fruit)\n",[15,36562,36563,36596,36600,36622],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,36564,36565,36568,36570,36572,36574,36576,36578,36580,36582,36584,36586,36588,36590,36592,36594],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,36566,36567],{"class":100},"fruits ",[94,36569,105],{"class":104},[94,36571,109],{"class":108},[94,36573,332],{"class":331},[94,36575,1332],{"class":335},[94,36577,332],{"class":331},[94,36579,116],{"class":108},[94,36581,1040],{"class":331},[94,36583,4432],{"class":335},[94,36585,332],{"class":331},[94,36587,116],{"class":108},[94,36589,1040],{"class":331},[94,36591,33552],{"class":335},[94,36593,332],{"class":331},[94,36595,127],{"class":108},[94,36597,36598],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,36599,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,36601,36602,36604,36606,36608,36611,36613,36615,36617,36620],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,36603,6289],{"class":4221},[94,36605,36149],{"class":100},[94,36607,116],{"class":108},[94,36609,36610],{"class":100}," fruit ",[94,36612,4228],{"class":4221},[94,36614,36159],{"class":145},[94,36616,149],{"class":108},[94,36618,36619],{"class":152},"fruits",[94,36621,8676],{"class":108},[94,36623,36624,36626,36628,36630,36632,36635],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,36625,8404],{"class":145},[94,36627,149],{"class":108},[94,36629,36174],{"class":152},[94,36631,116],{"class":108},[94,36633,36634],{"class":152}," fruit",[94,36636,316],{"class":108},[24,36638,36639],{},"You can also convert the result to a list if you want to see all the pairs at once:",[85,36641,36643],{"className":87,"code":36642,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = list(enumerate(numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,36644,36645,36665,36669,36687],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,36646,36647,36649,36651,36653,36655,36657,36659,36661,36663],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,36648,101],{"class":100},[94,36650,105],{"class":104},[94,36652,109],{"class":108},[94,36654,2688],{"class":112},[94,36656,116],{"class":108},[94,36658,8124],{"class":112},[94,36660,116],{"class":108},[94,36662,8129],{"class":112},[94,36664,127],{"class":108},[94,36666,36667],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,36668,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,36670,36671,36673,36675,36677,36679,36681,36683,36685],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,36672,305],{"class":100},[94,36674,105],{"class":104},[94,36676,22891],{"class":913},[94,36678,149],{"class":108},[94,36680,36370],{"class":145},[94,36682,149],{"class":108},[94,36684,153],{"class":152},[94,36686,921],{"class":108},[94,36688,36689,36691,36693,36695],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,36690,326],{"class":145},[94,36692,149],{"class":108},[94,36694,902],{"class":152},[94,36696,316],{"class":108},[24,36698,371],{},[85,36700,36702],{"className":87,"code":36701,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n",[15,36703,36704],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,36705,36706,36708,36710,36712,36714,36716,36718,36720,36722,36724,36726,36728,36730,36732,36734],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,36707,22071],{"class":108},[94,36709,2476],{"class":112},[94,36711,116],{"class":108},[94,36713,6336],{"class":112},[94,36715,9566],{"class":108},[94,36717,854],{"class":108},[94,36719,412],{"class":112},[94,36721,116],{"class":108},[94,36723,8124],{"class":112},[94,36725,9566],{"class":108},[94,36727,854],{"class":108},[94,36729,763],{"class":112},[94,36731,116],{"class":108},[94,36733,8129],{"class":112},[94,36735,9581],{"class":108},[24,36737,36738,36739,36741],{},"This is a good way to understand what ",[15,36740,36077],{}," produces.",[80,36743,815,36745],{"id":36744},"when-to-use-enumerate",[15,36746,36077],{},[24,36748,54,36749,36751],{},[15,36750,36077],{}," when you need the item number while looping.",[24,36753,36754],{},"Common cases:",[28,36756,36757,36760,36763,36766],{},[31,36758,36759],{},"printing numbered output",[31,36761,36762],{},"building menus",[31,36764,36765],{},"showing positions in a list",[31,36767,36768],{},"looping over both index and value together",[24,36770,2566],{},[85,36772,36774],{"className":87,"code":36773,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"tasks = [\"Wash dishes\", \"Study Python\", \"Go for a walk\"]\n\nfor number, task in enumerate(tasks, start=1):\n    print(f\"{number}. {task}\")\n",[15,36775,36776,36811,36815,36845],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,36777,36778,36780,36782,36784,36786,36789,36791,36793,36795,36798,36800,36802,36804,36807,36809],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,36779,30228],{"class":100},[94,36781,105],{"class":104},[94,36783,109],{"class":108},[94,36785,332],{"class":331},[94,36787,36788],{"class":335},"Wash dishes",[94,36790,332],{"class":331},[94,36792,116],{"class":108},[94,36794,1040],{"class":331},[94,36796,36797],{"class":335},"Study Python",[94,36799,332],{"class":331},[94,36801,116],{"class":108},[94,36803,1040],{"class":331},[94,36805,36806],{"class":335},"Go for a walk",[94,36808,332],{"class":331},[94,36810,127],{"class":108},[94,36812,36813],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,36814,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,36816,36817,36819,36821,36823,36826,36828,36830,36832,36835,36837,36839,36841,36843],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,36818,6289],{"class":4221},[94,36820,2555],{"class":100},[94,36822,116],{"class":108},[94,36824,36825],{"class":100}," task ",[94,36827,4228],{"class":4221},[94,36829,36159],{"class":145},[94,36831,149],{"class":108},[94,36833,36834],{"class":152},"tasks",[94,36836,116],{"class":108},[94,36838,36379],{"class":1218},[94,36840,105],{"class":104},[94,36842,412],{"class":112},[94,36844,8676],{"class":108},[94,36846,36847,36849,36851,36853,36855,36857,36859,36861,36863,36865,36868,36870,36872],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,36848,8404],{"class":145},[94,36850,149],{"class":108},[94,36852,22625],{"class":958},[94,36854,332],{"class":335},[94,36856,9610],{"class":112},[94,36858,2598],{"class":152},[94,36860,22634],{"class":112},[94,36862,28645],{"class":335},[94,36864,9610],{"class":112},[94,36866,36867],{"class":152},"task",[94,36869,22634],{"class":112},[94,36871,332],{"class":335},[94,36873,316],{"class":108},[24,36875,371],{},[85,36877,36879],{"className":87,"code":36878,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"1. Wash dishes\n2. Study Python\n3. Go for a walk\n",[15,36880,36881,36893,36905],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,36882,36883,36885,36887,36890],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,36884,412],{"class":112},[94,36886,168],{"class":108},[94,36888,36889],{"class":1377}," Wash",[94,36891,36892],{"class":100}," dishes\n",[94,36894,36895,36897,36899,36902],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,36896,763],{"class":112},[94,36898,168],{"class":108},[94,36900,36901],{"class":1377}," Study",[94,36903,36904],{"class":100}," Python\n",[94,36906,36907,36909,36911,36914,36916],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,36908,113],{"class":112},[94,36910,168],{"class":108},[94,36912,36913],{"class":1377}," Go",[94,36915,4222],{"class":4221},[94,36917,36918],{"class":100}," a walk\n",[24,36920,36921,36922,36924,36925,168],{},"If you need both the index and the value, ",[15,36923,36077],{}," is usually easier to read than ",[15,36926,36927],{},"range(len(...))",[24,36929,36930,36931,168],{},"If you want more practical examples, see ",[434,36932,36934,36935,36937],{"href":36933},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python\u002F","how to use ",[15,36936,36077],{}," in Python",[80,36939,36941,36942,36944],{"id":36940},"using-the-start-argument","Using the ",[15,36943,36400],{}," argument",[24,36946,36947,36948,36950],{},"You can change where counting begins by passing the ",[15,36949,36400],{}," argument.",[24,36952,36953,36954,11420,36956,384],{},"For example, if you want counting to start at ",[15,36955,412],{},[15,36957,2476],{},[85,36959,36961],{"className":87,"code":36960,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors, start=1):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,36962,36963,36995,36999,37027],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,36964,36965,36967,36969,36971,36973,36975,36977,36979,36981,36983,36985,36987,36989,36991,36993],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,36966,13402],{"class":100},[94,36968,105],{"class":104},[94,36970,109],{"class":108},[94,36972,332],{"class":331},[94,36974,13419],{"class":335},[94,36976,332],{"class":331},[94,36978,116],{"class":108},[94,36980,1040],{"class":331},[94,36982,17785],{"class":335},[94,36984,332],{"class":331},[94,36986,116],{"class":108},[94,36988,1040],{"class":331},[94,36990,13436],{"class":335},[94,36992,332],{"class":331},[94,36994,127],{"class":108},[94,36996,36997],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,36998,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,37000,37001,37003,37005,37007,37009,37011,37013,37015,37017,37019,37021,37023,37025],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,37002,6289],{"class":4221},[94,37004,36149],{"class":100},[94,37006,116],{"class":108},[94,37008,36154],{"class":100},[94,37010,4228],{"class":4221},[94,37012,36159],{"class":145},[94,37014,149],{"class":108},[94,37016,17832],{"class":152},[94,37018,116],{"class":108},[94,37020,36379],{"class":1218},[94,37022,105],{"class":104},[94,37024,412],{"class":112},[94,37026,8676],{"class":108},[94,37028,37029,37031,37033,37035,37037,37039],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,37030,8404],{"class":145},[94,37032,149],{"class":108},[94,37034,36174],{"class":152},[94,37036,116],{"class":108},[94,37038,36179],{"class":152},[94,37040,316],{"class":108},[24,37042,371],{},[85,37044,37046],{"className":87,"code":37045,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"1 red\n2 green\n3 blue\n",[15,37047,37048,37054,37060],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,37049,37050,37052],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,37051,412],{"class":112},[94,37053,36195],{"class":100},[94,37055,37056,37058],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,37057,763],{"class":112},[94,37059,36202],{"class":100},[94,37061,37062,37064],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,37063,113],{"class":112},[94,37065,36209],{"class":100},[24,37067,37068],{},"This is especially useful for user-facing output, such as menus or numbered lists.",[24,37070,37071],{},"The original iterable does not change. Only the counting value changes.",[80,37073,25689],{"id":25688},[24,37075,25692,37076,168],{},[15,37077,36077],{},[265,37079,37081],{"id":37080},"the-index-is-not-the-same-as-the-value","The index is not the same as the value",[24,37083,37084],{},"In this loop:",[85,37086,37088],{"className":87,"code":37087,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nfor index, value in enumerate(numbers):\n    print(index, value)\n",[15,37089,37090,37110,37114,37134],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,37091,37092,37094,37096,37098,37100,37102,37104,37106,37108],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,37093,101],{"class":100},[94,37095,105],{"class":104},[94,37097,109],{"class":108},[94,37099,2688],{"class":112},[94,37101,116],{"class":108},[94,37103,8124],{"class":112},[94,37105,116],{"class":108},[94,37107,8129],{"class":112},[94,37109,127],{"class":108},[94,37111,37112],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,37113,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,37115,37116,37118,37120,37122,37124,37126,37128,37130,37132],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,37117,6289],{"class":4221},[94,37119,36149],{"class":100},[94,37121,116],{"class":108},[94,37123,21915],{"class":100},[94,37125,4228],{"class":4221},[94,37127,36159],{"class":145},[94,37129,149],{"class":108},[94,37131,153],{"class":152},[94,37133,8676],{"class":108},[94,37135,37136,37138,37140,37142,37144,37146],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,37137,8404],{"class":145},[94,37139,149],{"class":108},[94,37141,36174],{"class":152},[94,37143,116],{"class":108},[94,37145,8766],{"class":152},[94,37147,316],{"class":108},[28,37149,37150,37160],{},[31,37151,37152,5126,37154,2547,37156,2547,37158],{},[15,37153,36174],{},[15,37155,2476],{},[15,37157,412],{},[15,37159,763],{},[31,37161,37162,5126,37164,2547,37166,2547,37168],{},[15,37163,2829],{},[15,37165,2688],{},[15,37167,16082],{},[15,37169,37170],{},"30",[24,37172,37173],{},"These are different things.",[265,37175,37177],{"id":37176},"you-must-unpack-into-two-variables","You must unpack into two variables",[24,37179,37180,37181,37183],{},"Each item from ",[15,37182,36077],{}," is a pair.",[24,37185,7020],{},[85,37187,37189],{"className":87,"code":37188,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item)\n",[15,37190,37191,37215,37219,37239],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,37192,37193,37195,37197,37199,37201,37203,37205,37207,37209,37211,37213],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,37194,8113],{"class":100},[94,37196,105],{"class":104},[94,37198,109],{"class":108},[94,37200,332],{"class":331},[94,37202,2531],{"class":335},[94,37204,332],{"class":331},[94,37206,116],{"class":108},[94,37208,1040],{"class":331},[94,37210,12075],{"class":335},[94,37212,332],{"class":331},[94,37214,127],{"class":108},[94,37216,37217],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,37218,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,37220,37221,37223,37225,37227,37229,37231,37233,37235,37237],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,37222,6289],{"class":4221},[94,37224,36457],{"class":100},[94,37226,116],{"class":108},[94,37228,6292],{"class":100},[94,37230,4228],{"class":4221},[94,37232,36159],{"class":145},[94,37234,149],{"class":108},[94,37236,8144],{"class":152},[94,37238,8676],{"class":108},[94,37240,37241,37243,37245,37247,37249,37251],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,37242,8404],{"class":145},[94,37244,149],{"class":108},[94,37246,36482],{"class":152},[94,37248,116],{"class":108},[94,37250,29838],{"class":152},[94,37252,316],{"class":108},[24,37254,37255],{},"But this causes an error:",[85,37257,37259],{"className":87,"code":37258,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item, extra in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item, extra)\n",[15,37260,37261,37285,37289,37314],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,37262,37263,37265,37267,37269,37271,37273,37275,37277,37279,37281,37283],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,37264,8113],{"class":100},[94,37266,105],{"class":104},[94,37268,109],{"class":108},[94,37270,332],{"class":331},[94,37272,2531],{"class":335},[94,37274,332],{"class":331},[94,37276,116],{"class":108},[94,37278,1040],{"class":331},[94,37280,12075],{"class":335},[94,37282,332],{"class":331},[94,37284,127],{"class":108},[94,37286,37287],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,37288,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,37290,37291,37293,37295,37297,37299,37301,37304,37306,37308,37310,37312],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,37292,6289],{"class":4221},[94,37294,36457],{"class":100},[94,37296,116],{"class":108},[94,37298,29838],{"class":100},[94,37300,116],{"class":108},[94,37302,37303],{"class":100}," extra ",[94,37305,4228],{"class":4221},[94,37307,36159],{"class":145},[94,37309,149],{"class":108},[94,37311,8144],{"class":152},[94,37313,8676],{"class":108},[94,37315,37316,37318,37320,37322,37324,37326,37328,37331],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,37317,8404],{"class":145},[94,37319,149],{"class":108},[94,37321,36482],{"class":152},[94,37323,116],{"class":108},[94,37325,29838],{"class":152},[94,37327,116],{"class":108},[94,37329,37330],{"class":152}," extra",[94,37332,316],{"class":108},[24,37334,29392,37335,37337],{},[15,37336,36077],{}," only gives two values each time: the index and the item.",[265,37339,37341,37343],{"id":37340},"enumerate-only-works-with-iterable-objects",[15,37342,36077],{}," only works with iterable objects",[24,37345,37346],{},"You can use it with things like lists, strings, and tuples.",[24,37348,37349],{},"Example with a string:",[85,37351,37353],{"className":87,"code":37352,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"for index, char in enumerate(\"cat\"):\n    print(index, char)\n",[15,37354,37355,37381],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,37356,37357,37359,37361,37363,37366,37368,37370,37372,37374,37377,37379],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,37358,6289],{"class":4221},[94,37360,36149],{"class":100},[94,37362,116],{"class":108},[94,37364,37365],{"class":100}," char ",[94,37367,4228],{"class":4221},[94,37369,36159],{"class":145},[94,37371,149],{"class":108},[94,37373,332],{"class":331},[94,37375,37376],{"class":335},"cat",[94,37378,332],{"class":331},[94,37380,8676],{"class":108},[94,37382,37383,37385,37387,37389,37391,37394],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,37384,8404],{"class":145},[94,37386,149],{"class":108},[94,37388,36174],{"class":152},[94,37390,116],{"class":108},[94,37392,37393],{"class":152}," char",[94,37395,316],{"class":108},[24,37397,371],{},[85,37399,37401],{"className":87,"code":37400,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"0 c\n1 a\n2 t\n",[15,37402,37403,37409,37415],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,37404,37405,37407],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,37406,2476],{"class":112},[94,37408,36517],{"class":100},[94,37410,37411,37413],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,37412,412],{"class":112},[94,37414,36503],{"class":100},[94,37416,37417,37419],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,37418,763],{"class":112},[94,37420,37421],{"class":100}," t\n",[24,37423,37424,37425,168],{},"To understand why this works, see ",[434,37426,1844],{"href":1843},[265,37428,37430],{"id":37429},"if-you-only-need-values-a-normal-loop-is-enough","If you only need values, a normal loop is enough",[24,37432,37433,37434,168],{},"You do not always need ",[15,37435,36077],{},[24,37437,37438,37439,37441],{},"If you only need the items, use a normal ",[15,37440,6289],{}," loop:",[85,37443,37445],{"className":87,"code":37444,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor color in colors:\n    print(color)\n",[15,37446,37447,37479,37483,37495],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,37448,37449,37451,37453,37455,37457,37459,37461,37463,37465,37467,37469,37471,37473,37475,37477],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,37450,13402],{"class":100},[94,37452,105],{"class":104},[94,37454,109],{"class":108},[94,37456,332],{"class":331},[94,37458,13419],{"class":335},[94,37460,332],{"class":331},[94,37462,116],{"class":108},[94,37464,1040],{"class":331},[94,37466,17785],{"class":335},[94,37468,332],{"class":331},[94,37470,116],{"class":108},[94,37472,1040],{"class":331},[94,37474,13436],{"class":335},[94,37476,332],{"class":331},[94,37478,127],{"class":108},[94,37480,37481],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,37482,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,37484,37485,37487,37489,37491,37493],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,37486,6289],{"class":4221},[94,37488,36154],{"class":100},[94,37490,4228],{"class":4221},[94,37492,13450],{"class":100},[94,37494,6726],{"class":108},[94,37496,37497,37499,37501,37503],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,37498,8404],{"class":145},[94,37500,149],{"class":108},[94,37502,33222],{"class":152},[94,37504,316],{"class":108},[24,37506,37507],{},"That is simpler when the index is not needed.",[80,37509,3186],{"id":3185},[24,37511,37512],{},"Watch out for these common problems:",[28,37514,37515,37520,37526,37531],{},[31,37516,23432,37517,37519],{},[15,37518,36077],{}," into the wrong number of variables",[31,37521,37522,37523,37525],{},"Forgetting that counting starts at ",[15,37524,2476],{}," by default",[31,37527,1484,37528,37530],{},[15,37529,36077],{}," when only values are needed",[31,37532,37533,37534,9037,37536],{},"Confusing ",[15,37535,36077],{},[15,37537,36526],{},[24,37539,37540],{},"These quick checks can help you understand what is happening:",[85,37542,37544],{"className":87,"code":37543,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(enumerate([10, 20, 30]))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30])))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30], start=1)))\nfor i, value in enumerate(['a', 'b']):\n    print(i, value)\n",[15,37545,37546,37568,37595,37629,37662],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,37547,37548,37550,37552,37554,37556,37558,37560,37562,37564,37566],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,37549,326],{"class":145},[94,37551,149],{"class":108},[94,37553,36370],{"class":145},[94,37555,3342],{"class":108},[94,37557,2688],{"class":112},[94,37559,116],{"class":108},[94,37561,8124],{"class":112},[94,37563,116],{"class":108},[94,37565,8129],{"class":112},[94,37567,3355],{"class":108},[94,37569,37570,37572,37574,37576,37578,37580,37582,37584,37586,37588,37590,37592],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,37571,326],{"class":145},[94,37573,149],{"class":108},[94,37575,965],{"class":913},[94,37577,149],{"class":108},[94,37579,36370],{"class":145},[94,37581,3342],{"class":108},[94,37583,2688],{"class":112},[94,37585,116],{"class":108},[94,37587,8124],{"class":112},[94,37589,116],{"class":108},[94,37591,8129],{"class":112},[94,37593,37594],{"class":108},"])))\n",[94,37596,37597,37599,37601,37603,37605,37607,37609,37611,37613,37615,37617,37619,37621,37623,37625,37627],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,37598,326],{"class":145},[94,37600,149],{"class":108},[94,37602,965],{"class":913},[94,37604,149],{"class":108},[94,37606,36370],{"class":145},[94,37608,3342],{"class":108},[94,37610,2688],{"class":112},[94,37612,116],{"class":108},[94,37614,8124],{"class":112},[94,37616,116],{"class":108},[94,37618,8129],{"class":112},[94,37620,18392],{"class":108},[94,37622,36379],{"class":1218},[94,37624,105],{"class":104},[94,37626,412],{"class":112},[94,37628,3268],{"class":108},[94,37630,37631,37633,37635,37637,37639,37641,37643,37645,37647,37649,37651,37653,37655,37657,37659],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,37632,6289],{"class":4221},[94,37634,36457],{"class":100},[94,37636,116],{"class":108},[94,37638,21915],{"class":100},[94,37640,4228],{"class":4221},[94,37642,36159],{"class":145},[94,37644,3342],{"class":108},[94,37646,968],{"class":331},[94,37648,434],{"class":335},[94,37650,968],{"class":331},[94,37652,116],{"class":108},[94,37654,962],{"class":331},[94,37656,1937],{"class":335},[94,37658,968],{"class":331},[94,37660,37661],{"class":108},"]):\n",[94,37663,37664,37666,37668,37670,37672,37674],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,37665,8404],{"class":145},[94,37667,149],{"class":108},[94,37669,36482],{"class":152},[94,37671,116],{"class":108},[94,37673,8766],{"class":152},[94,37675,316],{"class":108},[24,37677,17287],{},[85,37679,37681],{"className":87,"code":37680,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"\u003Cenumerate object at 0x...>\n[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n[(1, 10), (2, 20), (3, 30)]\n0 a\n1 b\n",[15,37682,37683,37703,37735,37767,37773],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,37684,37685,37687,37689,37691,37694,37698,37701],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,37686,955],{"class":104},[94,37688,36370],{"class":145},[94,37690,24949],{"class":913},[94,37692,37693],{"class":100}," at ",[94,37695,37697],{"class":37696},"srjyR","0x",[94,37699,37700],{"class":34784},"...",[94,37702,971],{"class":104},[94,37704,37705,37707,37709,37711,37713,37715,37717,37719,37721,37723,37725,37727,37729,37731,37733],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,37706,22071],{"class":108},[94,37708,2476],{"class":112},[94,37710,116],{"class":108},[94,37712,6336],{"class":112},[94,37714,9566],{"class":108},[94,37716,854],{"class":108},[94,37718,412],{"class":112},[94,37720,116],{"class":108},[94,37722,8124],{"class":112},[94,37724,9566],{"class":108},[94,37726,854],{"class":108},[94,37728,763],{"class":112},[94,37730,116],{"class":108},[94,37732,8129],{"class":112},[94,37734,9581],{"class":108},[94,37736,37737,37739,37741,37743,37745,37747,37749,37751,37753,37755,37757,37759,37761,37763,37765],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,37738,22071],{"class":108},[94,37740,412],{"class":112},[94,37742,116],{"class":108},[94,37744,6336],{"class":112},[94,37746,9566],{"class":108},[94,37748,854],{"class":108},[94,37750,763],{"class":112},[94,37752,116],{"class":108},[94,37754,8124],{"class":112},[94,37756,9566],{"class":108},[94,37758,854],{"class":108},[94,37760,113],{"class":112},[94,37762,116],{"class":108},[94,37764,8129],{"class":112},[94,37766,9581],{"class":108},[94,37768,37769,37771],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,37770,2476],{"class":112},[94,37772,36503],{"class":100},[94,37774,37775,37777],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,37776,412],{"class":112},[94,37778,36510],{"class":100},[80,37780,2160],{"id":2159},[265,37782,5479,37784,5482],{"id":37783},"what-does-enumerate-return-in-python",[15,37785,36077],{},[24,37787,37788],{},"It returns an enumerate object that produces pairs of index and value.",[265,37790,13029,37792,37794],{"id":37791},"does-enumerate-start-at-0-or-1",[15,37793,36077],{}," start at 0 or 1?",[24,37796,37797,37798,37800,37801,37804],{},"It starts at ",[15,37799,2476],{}," by default, but you can change that with ",[15,37802,37803],{},"start=1"," or another number.",[265,37806,21752,37808,11420,37810,2170],{"id":37807},"should-i-use-enumerate-instead-of-rangelenlist",[15,37809,36077],{},[15,37811,37812],{},"range(len(list))",[24,37814,36921,37815,37817],{},[15,37816,36077],{}," is usually clearer and easier to read.",[265,37819,2191,37821,37823],{"id":37820},"can-enumerate-be-used-with-strings",[15,37822,36077],{}," be used with strings?",[24,37825,37826,37827,37829],{},"Yes. A string is iterable, so ",[15,37828,36077],{}," can return each character with its index.",[80,37831,2232],{"id":2231},[28,37833,37834,37838,37844,37851],{},[31,37835,37836],{},[434,37837,36356],{"href":36355},[31,37839,37840],{},[434,37841,13,37842,439],{"href":36523},[15,37843,36526],{},[31,37845,37846],{},[434,37847,37848,37849,36937],{"href":36933},"How to use ",[15,37850,36077],{},[31,37852,37853],{},[434,37854,5551],{"href":1843},[2260,37856,37857],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":90,"searchDepth":130,"depth":130,"links":37859},[37860,37861,37863,37864,37866,37868,37870,37877,37878,37888],{"id":2360,"depth":130,"text":2361},{"id":36217,"depth":130,"text":37862},"What enumerate() does",{"id":2513,"depth":130,"text":2514},{"id":36529,"depth":130,"text":37865},"What enumerate() returns",{"id":36744,"depth":130,"text":37867},"When to use enumerate()",{"id":36940,"depth":130,"text":37869},"Using the start argument",{"id":25688,"depth":130,"text":25689,"children":37871},[37872,37873,37874,37876],{"id":37080,"depth":137,"text":37081},{"id":37176,"depth":137,"text":37177},{"id":37340,"depth":137,"text":37875},"enumerate() only works with iterable objects",{"id":37429,"depth":137,"text":37430},{"id":3185,"depth":130,"text":3186},{"id":2159,"depth":130,"text":2160,"children":37879},[37880,37882,37884,37886],{"id":37783,"depth":137,"text":37881},"What does enumerate() return in Python?",{"id":37791,"depth":137,"text":37883},"Does enumerate() start at 0 or 1?",{"id":37807,"depth":137,"text":37885},"Should I use enumerate() instead of range(len(list))?",{"id":37820,"depth":137,"text":37887},"Can enumerate() be used with strings?",{"id":2231,"depth":130,"text":2232},"Master python enumerate function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained",{"title":36069,"description":37889},"reference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained","tP2Z_ots0Xqf_GFLRq6dqpNDnPiE1yGUJYT2Z9er6Qs",{"id":37896,"title":37897,"body":37898,"description":40413,"extension":2319,"meta":40414,"navigation":133,"path":40415,"seo":40416,"stem":40417,"__hash__":40418},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained.md","Python filter() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":37899,"toc":40370},[37900,37906,37911,37914,37922,37936,37938,38029,38037,38042,38047,38049,38065,38067,38146,38148,38165,38171,38175,38177,38198,38202,38205,38217,38221,38224,38227,38244,38247,38323,38325,38342,38347,38351,38359,38362,38377,38379,38468,38470,38515,38518,38522,38525,38604,38606,38628,38631,38638,38643,38646,38749,38751,38776,38779,38786,38792,38797,38800,38811,38917,38919,38940,38948,38955,38961,38980,38985,38988,39007,39009,39094,39096,39125,39128,39133,39138,39141,39152,39154,39243,39245,39265,39271,39377,39379,39399,39402,39486,39488,39508,39515,39517,39521,39527,39530,39587,39590,39593,39654,39663,39666,39669,39697,39700,39760,39762,39779,39783,39786,39864,39866,39886,39889,39964,39968,39971,39973,39982,39987,39989,40040,40048,40060,40065,40126,40128,40145,40149,40212,40214,40239,40247,40249,40255,40260,40267,40275,40281,40284,40291,40301,40307,40313,40316,40333,40339,40341,40367],[10,37901,13,37903,3930],{"id":37902},"python-filter-function-explained",[15,37904,37905],{},"filter()",[24,37907,37908,37910],{},[15,37909,37905],{}," is used to keep only the items that pass a test.",[24,37912,37913],{},"It takes:",[28,37915,37916,37919],{},[31,37917,37918],{},"a function that checks each item",[31,37920,37921],{},"an iterable such as a list, tuple, or string",[24,37923,37924,37925,37928,37929,37932,37933,37935],{},"The result is ",[43,37926,37927],{},"not a list"," in Python 3. It returns a ",[15,37930,37931],{},"filter"," object, so beginners often convert it with ",[15,37934,25112],{}," to see the values.",[80,37937,2361],{"id":2360},[85,37939,37941],{"className":87,"code":37940,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\nprint(list(result))  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[15,37942,37943,37976,38012],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,37944,37945,37947,37949,37951,37953,37955,37957,37959,37961,37963,37965,37967,37969,37971,37974],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,37946,101],{"class":100},[94,37948,105],{"class":104},[94,37950,109],{"class":108},[94,37952,412],{"class":112},[94,37954,116],{"class":108},[94,37956,124],{"class":112},[94,37958,116],{"class":108},[94,37960,421],{"class":112},[94,37962,116],{"class":108},[94,37964,624],{"class":112},[94,37966,116],{"class":108},[94,37968,772],{"class":112},[94,37970,116],{"class":108},[94,37972,37973],{"class":112}," 6",[94,37975,127],{"class":108},[94,37977,37978,37980,37982,37985,37987,37990,37994,37996,37998,38000,38002,38004,38006,38008,38010],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,37979,305],{"class":100},[94,37981,105],{"class":104},[94,37983,37984],{"class":145}," filter",[94,37986,149],{"class":108},[94,37988,37989],{"class":958},"lambda",[94,37991,37993],{"class":37992},"sFwrP"," x",[94,37995,384],{"class":108},[94,37997,4225],{"class":152},[94,37999,6736],{"class":104},[94,38001,124],{"class":112},[94,38003,6741],{"class":104},[94,38005,4178],{"class":112},[94,38007,116],{"class":108},[94,38009,343],{"class":152},[94,38011,316],{"class":108},[94,38013,38014,38016,38018,38020,38022,38024,38026],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,38015,326],{"class":145},[94,38017,149],{"class":108},[94,38019,965],{"class":913},[94,38021,149],{"class":108},[94,38023,902],{"class":152},[94,38025,5693],{"class":108},[94,38027,38028],{"class":159},"  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[24,38030,38031,38033,38034,38036],{},[15,38032,37905],{}," returns a filter object, so beginners often wrap it with ",[15,38035,25112],{}," to see the results.",[80,38038,215,38040,218],{"id":38039},"what-filter-does",[15,38041,37905],{},[24,38043,38044,38046],{},[15,38045,37905],{}," keeps items that pass a test.",[24,38048,2463],{},[28,38050,38051,38054,38060],{},[31,38052,38053],{},"each item is checked one at a time",[31,38055,38056,38057,38059],{},"if the test returns ",[15,38058,1225],{},", the item is kept",[31,38061,38056,38062,38064],{},[15,38063,4020],{},", the item is removed",[24,38066,2566],{},[85,38068,38070],{"className":87,"code":38069,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x > 3, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38071,38072,38100,38104,38132],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,38073,38074,38076,38078,38080,38082,38084,38086,38088,38090,38092,38094,38096,38098],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,38075,101],{"class":100},[94,38077,105],{"class":104},[94,38079,109],{"class":108},[94,38081,412],{"class":112},[94,38083,116],{"class":108},[94,38085,124],{"class":112},[94,38087,116],{"class":108},[94,38089,421],{"class":112},[94,38091,116],{"class":108},[94,38093,624],{"class":112},[94,38095,116],{"class":108},[94,38097,772],{"class":112},[94,38099,127],{"class":108},[94,38101,38102],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,38103,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,38105,38106,38108,38110,38112,38114,38116,38118,38120,38122,38124,38126,38128,38130],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,38107,305],{"class":100},[94,38109,105],{"class":104},[94,38111,37984],{"class":145},[94,38113,149],{"class":108},[94,38115,37989],{"class":958},[94,38117,37993],{"class":37992},[94,38119,384],{"class":108},[94,38121,4225],{"class":152},[94,38123,4596],{"class":104},[94,38125,421],{"class":112},[94,38127,116],{"class":108},[94,38129,343],{"class":152},[94,38131,316],{"class":108},[94,38133,38134,38136,38138,38140,38142,38144],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,38135,326],{"class":145},[94,38137,149],{"class":108},[94,38139,965],{"class":913},[94,38141,149],{"class":108},[94,38143,902],{"class":152},[94,38145,921],{"class":108},[24,38147,371],{},[85,38149,38151],{"className":87,"code":38150,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"[4, 5]\n",[15,38152,38153],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,38154,38155,38157,38159,38161,38163],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,38156,539],{"class":108},[94,38158,857],{"class":112},[94,38160,116],{"class":108},[94,38162,772],{"class":112},[94,38164,127],{"class":108},[24,38166,38167,38168,38170],{},"Here, only numbers greater than ",[15,38169,113],{}," are kept.",[80,38172,38174],{"id":38173},"syntax-and-arguments","Syntax and arguments",[24,38176,2517],{},[85,38178,38180],{"className":87,"code":38179,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"filter(function, iterable)\n",[15,38181,38182],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,38183,38184,38186,38188,38191,38193,38196],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,38185,37931],{"class":145},[94,38187,149],{"class":108},[94,38189,38190],{"class":152},"function",[94,38192,116],{"class":108},[94,38194,38195],{"class":152}," iterable",[94,38197,316],{"class":108},[265,38199,38200],{"id":38190},[15,38201,38190],{},[24,38203,38204],{},"This is the test function.",[28,38206,38207,38210],{},[31,38208,38209],{},"It receives one item at a time",[31,38211,38212,38213,2167,38215],{},"It should return ",[15,38214,1225],{},[15,38216,4020],{},[265,38218,38219],{"id":4065},[15,38220,4065],{},[24,38222,38223],{},"This is the group of values to check.",[24,38225,38226],{},"It can be:",[28,38228,38229,38232,38235,38238,38241],{},[31,38230,38231],{},"a list",[31,38233,38234],{},"a tuple",[31,38236,38237],{},"a string",[31,38239,38240],{},"a set",[31,38242,38243],{},"another iterable object",[24,38245,38246],{},"Example with a tuple:",[85,38248,38250],{"className":87,"code":38249,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = (10, 15, 20, 25)\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x >= 20, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38251,38252,38277,38281,38309],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,38253,38254,38256,38258,38260,38262,38264,38267,38269,38271,38273,38275],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,38255,101],{"class":100},[94,38257,105],{"class":104},[94,38259,854],{"class":108},[94,38261,2688],{"class":112},[94,38263,116],{"class":108},[94,38265,38266],{"class":112}," 15",[94,38268,116],{"class":108},[94,38270,8124],{"class":112},[94,38272,116],{"class":108},[94,38274,9638],{"class":112},[94,38276,316],{"class":108},[94,38278,38279],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,38280,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,38282,38283,38285,38287,38289,38291,38293,38295,38297,38299,38301,38303,38305,38307],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,38284,305],{"class":100},[94,38286,105],{"class":104},[94,38288,37984],{"class":145},[94,38290,149],{"class":108},[94,38292,37989],{"class":958},[94,38294,37993],{"class":37992},[94,38296,384],{"class":108},[94,38298,4225],{"class":152},[94,38300,5436],{"class":104},[94,38302,8124],{"class":112},[94,38304,116],{"class":108},[94,38306,343],{"class":152},[94,38308,316],{"class":108},[94,38310,38311,38313,38315,38317,38319,38321],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,38312,326],{"class":145},[94,38314,149],{"class":108},[94,38316,965],{"class":913},[94,38318,149],{"class":108},[94,38320,902],{"class":152},[94,38322,921],{"class":108},[24,38324,371],{},[85,38326,38328],{"className":87,"code":38327,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"[20, 25]\n",[15,38329,38330],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,38331,38332,38334,38336,38338,38340],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,38333,539],{"class":108},[94,38335,16082],{"class":112},[94,38337,116],{"class":108},[94,38339,9638],{"class":112},[94,38341,127],{"class":108},[24,38343,38344,38345,168],{},"If you are new to iterables, see ",[434,38346,1844],{"href":1843},[80,38348,38350],{"id":38349},"what-the-return-value-means","What the return value means",[24,38352,38353,38354,22306,38356,168],{},"In Python 3, ",[15,38355,37905],{},[43,38357,38358],{},"filter object",[24,38360,38361],{},"This is an iterator-like object. You can:",[28,38363,38364,38367,38372],{},[31,38365,38366],{},"loop through it",[31,38368,38369,38370],{},"convert it with ",[15,38371,25112],{},[31,38373,38369,38374],{},[15,38375,38376],{},"tuple()",[24,38378,2566],{},[85,38380,38382],{"className":87,"code":38381,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38383,38384,38426,38430,38440,38454],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,38385,38386,38388,38390,38392,38394,38396,38398,38400,38402,38404,38406,38408,38410,38412,38414,38416,38418,38420,38422,38424],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,38387,305],{"class":100},[94,38389,105],{"class":104},[94,38391,37984],{"class":145},[94,38393,149],{"class":108},[94,38395,37989],{"class":958},[94,38397,37993],{"class":37992},[94,38399,384],{"class":108},[94,38401,4225],{"class":152},[94,38403,4596],{"class":104},[94,38405,124],{"class":112},[94,38407,116],{"class":108},[94,38409,109],{"class":108},[94,38411,412],{"class":112},[94,38413,116],{"class":108},[94,38415,124],{"class":112},[94,38417,116],{"class":108},[94,38419,421],{"class":112},[94,38421,116],{"class":108},[94,38423,624],{"class":112},[94,38425,4234],{"class":108},[94,38427,38428],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,38429,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,38431,38432,38434,38436,38438],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,38433,326],{"class":145},[94,38435,149],{"class":108},[94,38437,902],{"class":152},[94,38439,316],{"class":108},[94,38441,38442,38444,38446,38448,38450,38452],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,38443,326],{"class":145},[94,38445,149],{"class":108},[94,38447,914],{"class":913},[94,38449,149],{"class":108},[94,38451,902],{"class":152},[94,38453,921],{"class":108},[94,38455,38456,38458,38460,38462,38464,38466],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,38457,326],{"class":145},[94,38459,149],{"class":108},[94,38461,965],{"class":913},[94,38463,149],{"class":108},[94,38465,902],{"class":152},[94,38467,921],{"class":108},[24,38469,371],{},[85,38471,38473],{"className":87,"code":38472,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"\u003Cfilter object at ...>\n\u003Cclass 'filter'>\n[3, 4]\n",[15,38474,38475,38489,38503],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,38476,38477,38479,38481,38483,38485,38487],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,38478,955],{"class":104},[94,38480,37931],{"class":145},[94,38482,24949],{"class":913},[94,38484,37693],{"class":100},[94,38486,37700],{"class":34784},[94,38488,971],{"class":104},[94,38490,38491,38493,38495,38497,38499,38501],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,38492,955],{"class":104},[94,38494,959],{"class":958},[94,38496,962],{"class":331},[94,38498,37931],{"class":335},[94,38500,968],{"class":331},[94,38502,971],{"class":104},[94,38504,38505,38507,38509,38511,38513],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,38506,539],{"class":108},[94,38508,113],{"class":112},[94,38510,116],{"class":108},[94,38512,624],{"class":112},[94,38514,127],{"class":108},[24,38516,38517],{},"If you print the filter object directly, you will not see the filtered items.",[265,38519,38521],{"id":38520},"important-a-filter-object-is-consumed-as-you-use-it","Important: a filter object is consumed as you use it",[24,38523,38524],{},"Once you loop through it or convert it to a list, the items are used up.",[85,38526,38528],{"className":87,"code":38527,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38529,38530,38572,38576,38590],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,38531,38532,38534,38536,38538,38540,38542,38544,38546,38548,38550,38552,38554,38556,38558,38560,38562,38564,38566,38568,38570],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,38533,305],{"class":100},[94,38535,105],{"class":104},[94,38537,37984],{"class":145},[94,38539,149],{"class":108},[94,38541,37989],{"class":958},[94,38543,37993],{"class":37992},[94,38545,384],{"class":108},[94,38547,4225],{"class":152},[94,38549,4596],{"class":104},[94,38551,124],{"class":112},[94,38553,116],{"class":108},[94,38555,109],{"class":108},[94,38557,412],{"class":112},[94,38559,116],{"class":108},[94,38561,124],{"class":112},[94,38563,116],{"class":108},[94,38565,421],{"class":112},[94,38567,116],{"class":108},[94,38569,624],{"class":112},[94,38571,4234],{"class":108},[94,38573,38574],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,38575,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,38577,38578,38580,38582,38584,38586,38588],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,38579,326],{"class":145},[94,38581,149],{"class":108},[94,38583,965],{"class":913},[94,38585,149],{"class":108},[94,38587,902],{"class":152},[94,38589,921],{"class":108},[94,38591,38592,38594,38596,38598,38600,38602],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,38593,326],{"class":145},[94,38595,149],{"class":108},[94,38597,965],{"class":913},[94,38599,149],{"class":108},[94,38601,902],{"class":152},[94,38603,921],{"class":108},[24,38605,371],{},[85,38607,38609],{"className":87,"code":38608,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"[3, 4]\n[]\n",[15,38610,38611,38623],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,38612,38613,38615,38617,38619,38621],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,38614,539],{"class":108},[94,38616,113],{"class":112},[94,38618,116],{"class":108},[94,38620,624],{"class":112},[94,38622,127],{"class":108},[94,38624,38625],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,38626,38627],{"class":108},"[]\n",[24,38629,38630],{},"The second result is empty because the filter object was already consumed.",[80,38632,1484,38634,9037,38636],{"id":38633},"using-filter-with-lambda",[15,38635,37905],{},[15,38637,37989],{},[24,38639,15516,38640,38642],{},[15,38641,37989],{}," is a short anonymous function.",[24,38644,38645],{},"It is useful for simple filtering rules that fit on one line.",[85,38647,38649],{"className":87,"code":38648,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"words = [\"apple\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\", \"fig\"]\n\nresult = filter(lambda word: len(word) > 4, words)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38650,38651,38693,38697,38735],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,38652,38653,38655,38657,38659,38661,38663,38665,38667,38669,38672,38674,38676,38678,38680,38682,38684,38686,38689,38691],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,38654,1314],{"class":100},[94,38656,105],{"class":104},[94,38658,109],{"class":108},[94,38660,332],{"class":331},[94,38662,1332],{"class":335},[94,38664,332],{"class":331},[94,38666,116],{"class":108},[94,38668,1040],{"class":331},[94,38670,38671],{"class":335},"kiwi",[94,38673,332],{"class":331},[94,38675,116],{"class":108},[94,38677,1040],{"class":331},[94,38679,4432],{"class":335},[94,38681,332],{"class":331},[94,38683,116],{"class":108},[94,38685,1040],{"class":331},[94,38687,38688],{"class":335},"fig",[94,38690,332],{"class":331},[94,38692,127],{"class":108},[94,38694,38695],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,38696,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,38698,38699,38701,38703,38705,38707,38709,38712,38714,38717,38719,38722,38724,38727,38729,38731,38733],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,38700,305],{"class":100},[94,38702,105],{"class":104},[94,38704,37984],{"class":145},[94,38706,149],{"class":108},[94,38708,37989],{"class":958},[94,38710,38711],{"class":37992}," word",[94,38713,384],{"class":108},[94,38715,38716],{"class":145}," len",[94,38718,149],{"class":108},[94,38720,38721],{"class":152},"word",[94,38723,156],{"class":108},[94,38725,38726],{"class":104}," >",[94,38728,624],{"class":112},[94,38730,116],{"class":108},[94,38732,6500],{"class":152},[94,38734,316],{"class":108},[94,38736,38737,38739,38741,38743,38745,38747],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,38738,326],{"class":145},[94,38740,149],{"class":108},[94,38742,965],{"class":913},[94,38744,149],{"class":108},[94,38746,902],{"class":152},[94,38748,921],{"class":108},[24,38750,371],{},[85,38752,38754],{"className":87,"code":38753,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,38755,38756],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,38757,38758,38760,38762,38764,38766,38768,38770,38772,38774],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,38759,539],{"class":108},[94,38761,968],{"class":331},[94,38763,1332],{"class":335},[94,38765,968],{"class":331},[94,38767,116],{"class":108},[94,38769,962],{"class":331},[94,38771,4432],{"class":335},[94,38773,968],{"class":331},[94,38775,127],{"class":108},[24,38777,38778],{},"This keeps only words with more than 4 characters.",[24,38780,38781,38782,168],{},"If you want to learn this syntax more clearly, see ",[434,38783,38785],{"href":38784},"\u002Flearn\u002Flambda-functions-in-python-explained\u002F","lambda functions in Python explained",[80,38787,1484,38789,38791],{"id":38788},"using-filter-with-a-named-function",[15,38790,37905],{}," with a named function",[24,38793,38794,38795,168],{},"A named function is often easier to read than a complex ",[15,38796,37989],{},[24,38798,38799],{},"This is especially helpful when:",[28,38801,38802,38805,38808],{},[31,38803,38804],{},"the logic needs a clear name",[31,38806,38807],{},"the rule is more than a very short check",[31,38809,38810],{},"you want beginner-friendly code",[85,38812,38814],{"className":87,"code":38813,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"def is_even(number):\n    return number % 2 == 0\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(is_even, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38815,38816,38829,38844,38848,38880,38899,38903],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,38817,38818,38820,38823,38825,38827],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,38819,35180],{"class":958},[94,38821,38822],{"class":35183}," is_even",[94,38824,149],{"class":108},[94,38826,2598],{"class":37992},[94,38828,8676],{"class":108},[94,38830,38831,38833,38835,38837,38839,38841],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,38832,35191],{"class":4221},[94,38834,6719],{"class":100},[94,38836,6736],{"class":104},[94,38838,124],{"class":112},[94,38840,6741],{"class":104},[94,38842,38843],{"class":112}," 0\n",[94,38845,38846],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,38847,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,38849,38850,38852,38854,38856,38858,38860,38862,38864,38866,38868,38870,38872,38874,38876,38878],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,38851,101],{"class":100},[94,38853,105],{"class":104},[94,38855,109],{"class":108},[94,38857,412],{"class":112},[94,38859,116],{"class":108},[94,38861,124],{"class":112},[94,38863,116],{"class":108},[94,38865,421],{"class":112},[94,38867,116],{"class":108},[94,38869,624],{"class":112},[94,38871,116],{"class":108},[94,38873,772],{"class":112},[94,38875,116],{"class":108},[94,38877,37973],{"class":112},[94,38879,127],{"class":108},[94,38881,38882,38884,38886,38888,38890,38893,38895,38897],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,38883,305],{"class":100},[94,38885,105],{"class":104},[94,38887,37984],{"class":145},[94,38889,149],{"class":108},[94,38891,38892],{"class":152},"is_even",[94,38894,116],{"class":108},[94,38896,343],{"class":152},[94,38898,316],{"class":108},[94,38900,38901],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,38902,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,38904,38905,38907,38909,38911,38913,38915],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,38906,326],{"class":145},[94,38908,149],{"class":108},[94,38910,965],{"class":913},[94,38912,149],{"class":108},[94,38914,902],{"class":152},[94,38916,921],{"class":108},[24,38918,371],{},[85,38920,38922],{"className":87,"code":38921,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"[2, 4, 6]\n",[15,38923,38924],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,38925,38926,38928,38930,38932,38934,38936,38938],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,38927,539],{"class":108},[94,38929,763],{"class":112},[94,38931,116],{"class":108},[94,38933,624],{"class":112},[94,38935,116],{"class":108},[94,38937,37973],{"class":112},[94,38939,127],{"class":108},[24,38941,21102,38942,74,38945,38947],{},[15,38943,38944],{},"is_even()",[15,38946,1225],{}," for even numbers, so those numbers are kept.",[80,38949,1484,38951,9037,38953],{"id":38950},"using-none-with-filter",[15,38952,77],{},[15,38954,37905],{},[24,38956,38957,38958,38960],{},"You can pass ",[15,38959,77],{}," as the first argument:",[85,38962,38964],{"className":87,"code":38963,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"filter(None, iterable)\n",[15,38965,38966],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,38967,38968,38970,38972,38974,38976,38978],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,38969,37931],{"class":145},[94,38971,149],{"class":108},[94,38973,77],{"class":1224},[94,38975,116],{"class":108},[94,38977,38195],{"class":152},[94,38979,316],{"class":108},[24,38981,38982,38983,7673],{},"In this case, Python removes ",[43,38984,5927],{},[24,38986,38987],{},"Falsy values include:",[28,38989,38990,38994,38999,39003],{},[31,38991,38992],{},[15,38993,2476],{},[31,38995,38996,38998],{},[15,38997,4118],{}," (empty string)",[31,39000,39001],{},[15,39002,77],{},[31,39004,39005],{},[15,39006,4020],{},[24,39008,2566],{},[85,39010,39012],{"className":87,"code":39011,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"items = [0, 1, \"\", \"hello\", None, True, False, 5]\n\nresult = filter(None, items)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,39013,39014,39058,39062,39080],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,39015,39016,39018,39020,39022,39024,39026,39028,39030,39032,39034,39036,39038,39040,39042,39044,39046,39048,39050,39052,39054,39056],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,39017,8113],{"class":100},[94,39019,105],{"class":104},[94,39021,109],{"class":108},[94,39023,2476],{"class":112},[94,39025,116],{"class":108},[94,39027,119],{"class":112},[94,39029,116],{"class":108},[94,39031,6458],{"class":331},[94,39033,116],{"class":108},[94,39035,1040],{"class":331},[94,39037,4190],{"class":335},[94,39039,332],{"class":331},[94,39041,116],{"class":108},[94,39043,4197],{"class":1224},[94,39045,116],{"class":108},[94,39047,4261],{"class":1224},[94,39049,116],{"class":108},[94,39051,4252],{"class":1224},[94,39053,116],{"class":108},[94,39055,772],{"class":112},[94,39057,127],{"class":108},[94,39059,39060],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,39061,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,39063,39064,39066,39068,39070,39072,39074,39076,39078],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,39065,305],{"class":100},[94,39067,105],{"class":104},[94,39069,37984],{"class":145},[94,39071,149],{"class":108},[94,39073,77],{"class":1224},[94,39075,116],{"class":108},[94,39077,6297],{"class":152},[94,39079,316],{"class":108},[94,39081,39082,39084,39086,39088,39090,39092],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,39083,326],{"class":145},[94,39085,149],{"class":108},[94,39087,965],{"class":913},[94,39089,149],{"class":108},[94,39091,902],{"class":152},[94,39093,921],{"class":108},[24,39095,371],{},[85,39097,39099],{"className":87,"code":39098,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"[1, 'hello', True, 5]\n",[15,39100,39101],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,39102,39103,39105,39107,39109,39111,39113,39115,39117,39119,39121,39123],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,39104,539],{"class":108},[94,39106,412],{"class":112},[94,39108,116],{"class":108},[94,39110,962],{"class":331},[94,39112,4190],{"class":335},[94,39114,968],{"class":331},[94,39116,116],{"class":108},[94,39118,4261],{"class":1224},[94,39120,116],{"class":108},[94,39122,772],{"class":112},[94,39124,127],{"class":108},[24,39126,39127],{},"This is useful when you want to remove empty or false-like values from data.",[80,39129,815,39131],{"id":39130},"when-to-use-filter",[15,39132,37905],{},[24,39134,54,39135,39137],{},[15,39136,37905],{}," when you want to keep only matching items.",[24,39139,39140],{},"It works well for:",[28,39142,39143,39146,39149],{},[31,39144,39145],{},"simple filtering rules",[31,39147,39148],{},"quick data cleaning",[31,39150,39151],{},"cases where a function already exists for the test",[24,39153,2566],{},[85,39155,39157],{"className":87,"code":39156,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\n\nprint(list(evens))\n",[15,39158,39159,39191,39224,39228],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,39160,39161,39163,39165,39167,39169,39171,39173,39175,39177,39179,39181,39183,39185,39187,39189],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,39162,101],{"class":100},[94,39164,105],{"class":104},[94,39166,109],{"class":108},[94,39168,412],{"class":112},[94,39170,116],{"class":108},[94,39172,124],{"class":112},[94,39174,116],{"class":108},[94,39176,421],{"class":112},[94,39178,116],{"class":108},[94,39180,624],{"class":112},[94,39182,116],{"class":108},[94,39184,772],{"class":112},[94,39186,116],{"class":108},[94,39188,37973],{"class":112},[94,39190,127],{"class":108},[94,39192,39193,39196,39198,39200,39202,39204,39206,39208,39210,39212,39214,39216,39218,39220,39222],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,39194,39195],{"class":100},"evens ",[94,39197,105],{"class":104},[94,39199,37984],{"class":145},[94,39201,149],{"class":108},[94,39203,37989],{"class":958},[94,39205,37993],{"class":37992},[94,39207,384],{"class":108},[94,39209,4225],{"class":152},[94,39211,6736],{"class":104},[94,39213,124],{"class":112},[94,39215,6741],{"class":104},[94,39217,4178],{"class":112},[94,39219,116],{"class":108},[94,39221,343],{"class":152},[94,39223,316],{"class":108},[94,39225,39226],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,39227,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,39229,39230,39232,39234,39236,39238,39241],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,39231,326],{"class":145},[94,39233,149],{"class":108},[94,39235,965],{"class":913},[94,39237,149],{"class":108},[94,39239,39240],{"class":152},"evens",[94,39242,921],{"class":108},[24,39244,371],{},[85,39246,39247],{"className":87,"code":38921,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,39248,39249],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,39250,39251,39253,39255,39257,39259,39261,39263],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,39252,539],{"class":108},[94,39254,763],{"class":112},[94,39256,116],{"class":108},[94,39258,624],{"class":112},[94,39260,116],{"class":108},[94,39262,37973],{"class":112},[94,39264,127],{"class":108},[24,39266,39267,39268,39270],{},"For beginners, though, a ",[15,39269,6289],{}," loop may be easier to understand.",[85,39272,39274],{"className":87,"code":39273,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = []\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        evens.append(number)\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,39275,39276,39308,39316,39320,39332,39348,39363,39367],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,39277,39278,39280,39282,39284,39286,39288,39290,39292,39294,39296,39298,39300,39302,39304,39306],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,39279,101],{"class":100},[94,39281,105],{"class":104},[94,39283,109],{"class":108},[94,39285,412],{"class":112},[94,39287,116],{"class":108},[94,39289,124],{"class":112},[94,39291,116],{"class":108},[94,39293,421],{"class":112},[94,39295,116],{"class":108},[94,39297,624],{"class":112},[94,39299,116],{"class":108},[94,39301,772],{"class":112},[94,39303,116],{"class":108},[94,39305,37973],{"class":112},[94,39307,127],{"class":108},[94,39309,39310,39312,39314],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,39311,39195],{"class":100},[94,39313,105],{"class":104},[94,39315,8173],{"class":108},[94,39317,39318],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,39319,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,39321,39322,39324,39326,39328,39330],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,39323,6289],{"class":4221},[94,39325,6719],{"class":100},[94,39327,4228],{"class":4221},[94,39329,343],{"class":100},[94,39331,6726],{"class":108},[94,39333,39334,39336,39338,39340,39342,39344,39346],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,39335,6731],{"class":4221},[94,39337,6719],{"class":100},[94,39339,6736],{"class":104},[94,39341,124],{"class":112},[94,39343,6741],{"class":104},[94,39345,4178],{"class":112},[94,39347,6726],{"class":108},[94,39349,39350,39353,39355,39357,39359,39361],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,39351,39352],{"class":100},"        evens",[94,39354,168],{"class":108},[94,39356,13880],{"class":152},[94,39358,149],{"class":108},[94,39360,2598],{"class":152},[94,39362,316],{"class":108},[94,39364,39365],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,39366,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,39368,39369,39371,39373,39375],{"class":96,"line":702},[94,39370,326],{"class":145},[94,39372,149],{"class":108},[94,39374,39240],{"class":152},[94,39376,316],{"class":108},[24,39378,371],{},[85,39380,39381],{"className":87,"code":38921,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,39382,39383],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,39384,39385,39387,39389,39391,39393,39395,39397],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,39386,539],{"class":108},[94,39388,763],{"class":112},[94,39390,116],{"class":108},[94,39392,624],{"class":112},[94,39394,116],{"class":108},[94,39396,37973],{"class":112},[94,39398,127],{"class":108},[24,39400,39401],{},"A list comprehension is also a common alternative:",[85,39403,39405],{"className":87,"code":39404,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = [number for number in numbers if number % 2 == 0]\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,39406,39407,39439,39472,39476],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,39408,39409,39411,39413,39415,39417,39419,39421,39423,39425,39427,39429,39431,39433,39435,39437],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,39410,101],{"class":100},[94,39412,105],{"class":104},[94,39414,109],{"class":108},[94,39416,412],{"class":112},[94,39418,116],{"class":108},[94,39420,124],{"class":112},[94,39422,116],{"class":108},[94,39424,421],{"class":112},[94,39426,116],{"class":108},[94,39428,624],{"class":112},[94,39430,116],{"class":108},[94,39432,772],{"class":112},[94,39434,116],{"class":108},[94,39436,37973],{"class":112},[94,39438,127],{"class":108},[94,39440,39441,39443,39445,39447,39449,39451,39453,39455,39458,39460,39462,39464,39466,39468,39470],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,39442,39195],{"class":100},[94,39444,105],{"class":104},[94,39446,109],{"class":108},[94,39448,2576],{"class":100},[94,39450,6289],{"class":4221},[94,39452,6719],{"class":100},[94,39454,4228],{"class":4221},[94,39456,39457],{"class":100}," numbers ",[94,39459,7330],{"class":4221},[94,39461,6719],{"class":100},[94,39463,6736],{"class":104},[94,39465,124],{"class":112},[94,39467,6741],{"class":104},[94,39469,4178],{"class":112},[94,39471,127],{"class":108},[94,39473,39474],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,39475,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,39477,39478,39480,39482,39484],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,39479,326],{"class":145},[94,39481,149],{"class":108},[94,39483,39240],{"class":152},[94,39485,316],{"class":108},[24,39487,371],{},[85,39489,39490],{"className":87,"code":38921,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,39491,39492],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,39493,39494,39496,39498,39500,39502,39504,39506],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,39495,539],{"class":108},[94,39497,763],{"class":112},[94,39499,116],{"class":108},[94,39501,624],{"class":112},[94,39503,116],{"class":108},[94,39505,37973],{"class":112},[94,39507,127],{"class":108},[24,39509,39510,39511,168],{},"If you want another common filtering style, see ",[434,39512,39514],{"href":39513},"\u002Flearn\u002Flist-comprehensions-in-python-explained\u002F","list comprehensions in Python explained",[80,39516,3186],{"id":3185},[24,39518,15061,39519,168],{},[15,39520,37905],{},[265,39522,8786,39524,39526],{"id":39523},"expecting-filter-to-return-a-list",[15,39525,37905],{}," to return a list",[24,39528,39529],{},"This is the most common mistake.",[85,39531,39533],{"className":87,"code":39532,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,39534,39535,39577],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,39536,39537,39539,39541,39543,39545,39547,39549,39551,39553,39555,39557,39559,39561,39563,39565,39567,39569,39571,39573,39575],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,39538,305],{"class":100},[94,39540,105],{"class":104},[94,39542,37984],{"class":145},[94,39544,149],{"class":108},[94,39546,37989],{"class":958},[94,39548,37993],{"class":37992},[94,39550,384],{"class":108},[94,39552,4225],{"class":152},[94,39554,4596],{"class":104},[94,39556,124],{"class":112},[94,39558,116],{"class":108},[94,39560,109],{"class":108},[94,39562,412],{"class":112},[94,39564,116],{"class":108},[94,39566,124],{"class":112},[94,39568,116],{"class":108},[94,39570,421],{"class":112},[94,39572,116],{"class":108},[94,39574,624],{"class":112},[94,39576,4234],{"class":108},[94,39578,39579,39581,39583,39585],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,39580,326],{"class":145},[94,39582,149],{"class":108},[94,39584,902],{"class":152},[94,39586,316],{"class":108},[24,39588,39589],{},"This prints a filter object, not the values.",[24,39591,39592],{},"Fix:",[85,39594,39596],{"className":87,"code":39595,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,39597,39598,39640],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,39599,39600,39602,39604,39606,39608,39610,39612,39614,39616,39618,39620,39622,39624,39626,39628,39630,39632,39634,39636,39638],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,39601,305],{"class":100},[94,39603,105],{"class":104},[94,39605,37984],{"class":145},[94,39607,149],{"class":108},[94,39609,37989],{"class":958},[94,39611,37993],{"class":37992},[94,39613,384],{"class":108},[94,39615,4225],{"class":152},[94,39617,4596],{"class":104},[94,39619,124],{"class":112},[94,39621,116],{"class":108},[94,39623,109],{"class":108},[94,39625,412],{"class":112},[94,39627,116],{"class":108},[94,39629,124],{"class":112},[94,39631,116],{"class":108},[94,39633,421],{"class":112},[94,39635,116],{"class":108},[94,39637,624],{"class":112},[94,39639,4234],{"class":108},[94,39641,39642,39644,39646,39648,39650,39652],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,39643,326],{"class":145},[94,39645,149],{"class":108},[94,39647,965],{"class":913},[94,39649,149],{"class":108},[94,39651,902],{"class":152},[94,39653,921],{"class":108},[265,39655,39657,39658,2167,39660,39662],{"id":39656},"using-a-test-function-that-does-not-return-true-or-false-clearly","Using a test function that does not return ",[15,39659,1225],{},[15,39661,4020],{}," clearly",[24,39664,39665],{},"Your function should make it obvious whether an item should stay.",[24,39667,39668],{},"Good example:",[85,39670,39672],{"className":87,"code":39671,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"def is_positive(number):\n    return number > 0\n",[15,39673,39674,39687],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,39675,39676,39678,39681,39683,39685],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,39677,35180],{"class":958},[94,39679,39680],{"class":35183}," is_positive",[94,39682,149],{"class":108},[94,39684,2598],{"class":37992},[94,39686,8676],{"class":108},[94,39688,39689,39691,39693,39695],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,39690,35191],{"class":4221},[94,39692,6719],{"class":100},[94,39694,4596],{"class":104},[94,39696,38843],{"class":112},[24,39698,39699],{},"Then use it with:",[85,39701,39703],{"className":87,"code":39702,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [-2, -1, 0, 1, 2]\nprint(list(filter(is_positive, numbers)))\n",[15,39704,39705,39737],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,39706,39707,39709,39711,39713,39715,39717,39719,39721,39723,39725,39727,39729,39731,39733,39735],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,39708,101],{"class":100},[94,39710,105],{"class":104},[94,39712,109],{"class":108},[94,39714,2380],{"class":104},[94,39716,763],{"class":112},[94,39718,116],{"class":108},[94,39720,2581],{"class":104},[94,39722,412],{"class":112},[94,39724,116],{"class":108},[94,39726,4178],{"class":112},[94,39728,116],{"class":108},[94,39730,119],{"class":112},[94,39732,116],{"class":108},[94,39734,124],{"class":112},[94,39736,127],{"class":108},[94,39738,39739,39741,39743,39745,39747,39749,39751,39754,39756,39758],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,39740,326],{"class":145},[94,39742,149],{"class":108},[94,39744,965],{"class":913},[94,39746,149],{"class":108},[94,39748,37931],{"class":145},[94,39750,149],{"class":108},[94,39752,39753],{"class":152},"is_positive",[94,39755,116],{"class":108},[94,39757,343],{"class":152},[94,39759,3268],{"class":108},[24,39761,371],{},[85,39763,39765],{"className":87,"code":39764,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"[1, 2]\n",[15,39766,39767],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,39768,39769,39771,39773,39775,39777],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,39770,539],{"class":108},[94,39772,412],{"class":112},[94,39774,116],{"class":108},[94,39776,124],{"class":112},[94,39778,127],{"class":108},[265,39780,39782],{"id":39781},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-filter-object-after-it-has-been-consumed","Trying to reuse the same filter object after it has been consumed",[24,39784,39785],{},"A filter object is not stored like a list.",[85,39787,39788],{"className":87,"code":38527,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,39789,39790,39832,39836,39850],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,39791,39792,39794,39796,39798,39800,39802,39804,39806,39808,39810,39812,39814,39816,39818,39820,39822,39824,39826,39828,39830],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,39793,305],{"class":100},[94,39795,105],{"class":104},[94,39797,37984],{"class":145},[94,39799,149],{"class":108},[94,39801,37989],{"class":958},[94,39803,37993],{"class":37992},[94,39805,384],{"class":108},[94,39807,4225],{"class":152},[94,39809,4596],{"class":104},[94,39811,124],{"class":112},[94,39813,116],{"class":108},[94,39815,109],{"class":108},[94,39817,412],{"class":112},[94,39819,116],{"class":108},[94,39821,124],{"class":112},[94,39823,116],{"class":108},[94,39825,421],{"class":112},[94,39827,116],{"class":108},[94,39829,624],{"class":112},[94,39831,4234],{"class":108},[94,39833,39834],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,39835,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,39837,39838,39840,39842,39844,39846,39848],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,39839,326],{"class":145},[94,39841,149],{"class":108},[94,39843,965],{"class":913},[94,39845,149],{"class":108},[94,39847,902],{"class":152},[94,39849,921],{"class":108},[94,39851,39852,39854,39856,39858,39860,39862],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,39853,326],{"class":145},[94,39855,149],{"class":108},[94,39857,965],{"class":913},[94,39859,149],{"class":108},[94,39861,902],{"class":152},[94,39863,921],{"class":108},[24,39865,371],{},[85,39867,39868],{"className":87,"code":38608,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,39869,39870,39882],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,39871,39872,39874,39876,39878,39880],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,39873,539],{"class":108},[94,39875,113],{"class":112},[94,39877,116],{"class":108},[94,39879,624],{"class":112},[94,39881,127],{"class":108},[94,39883,39884],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,39885,38627],{"class":108},[24,39887,39888],{},"If you need to use the values again, convert once and save them:",[85,39890,39892],{"className":87,"code":39891,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"result = list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4]))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,39893,39894,39940,39944,39954],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,39895,39896,39898,39900,39902,39904,39906,39908,39910,39912,39914,39916,39918,39920,39922,39924,39926,39928,39930,39932,39934,39936,39938],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,39897,305],{"class":100},[94,39899,105],{"class":104},[94,39901,22891],{"class":913},[94,39903,149],{"class":108},[94,39905,37931],{"class":145},[94,39907,149],{"class":108},[94,39909,37989],{"class":958},[94,39911,37993],{"class":37992},[94,39913,384],{"class":108},[94,39915,4225],{"class":152},[94,39917,4596],{"class":104},[94,39919,124],{"class":112},[94,39921,116],{"class":108},[94,39923,109],{"class":108},[94,39925,412],{"class":112},[94,39927,116],{"class":108},[94,39929,124],{"class":112},[94,39931,116],{"class":108},[94,39933,421],{"class":112},[94,39935,116],{"class":108},[94,39937,624],{"class":112},[94,39939,3355],{"class":108},[94,39941,39942],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,39943,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,39945,39946,39948,39950,39952],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,39947,326],{"class":145},[94,39949,149],{"class":108},[94,39951,902],{"class":152},[94,39953,316],{"class":108},[94,39955,39956,39958,39960,39962],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,39957,326],{"class":145},[94,39959,149],{"class":108},[94,39961,902],{"class":152},[94,39963,316],{"class":108},[265,39965,39967],{"id":39966},"passing-a-non-iterable-as-the-second-argument","Passing a non-iterable as the second argument",[24,39969,39970],{},"The second argument must be something you can loop over.",[24,39972,16972],{},[85,39974,39976],{"className":87,"code":39975,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"# filter(lambda x: x > 2, 10)\n",[15,39977,39978],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,39979,39980],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,39981,39975],{"class":159},[24,39983,39984,39985,6883],{},"This causes an error because ",[15,39986,2688],{},[24,39988,16984],{},[85,39990,39992],{"className":87,"code":39991,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])))\n",[15,39993,39994],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,39995,39996,39998,40000,40002,40004,40006,40008,40010,40012,40014,40016,40018,40020,40022,40024,40026,40028,40030,40032,40034,40036,40038],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,39997,326],{"class":145},[94,39999,149],{"class":108},[94,40001,965],{"class":913},[94,40003,149],{"class":108},[94,40005,37931],{"class":145},[94,40007,149],{"class":108},[94,40009,37989],{"class":958},[94,40011,37993],{"class":37992},[94,40013,384],{"class":108},[94,40015,4225],{"class":152},[94,40017,4596],{"class":104},[94,40019,124],{"class":112},[94,40021,116],{"class":108},[94,40023,109],{"class":108},[94,40025,412],{"class":112},[94,40027,116],{"class":108},[94,40029,124],{"class":112},[94,40031,116],{"class":108},[94,40033,421],{"class":112},[94,40035,116],{"class":108},[94,40037,624],{"class":112},[94,40039,37594],{"class":108},[265,40041,37533,40043,9037,40045],{"id":40042},"confusing-filter-with-map",[15,40044,37905],{},[15,40046,40047],{},"map()",[28,40049,40050,40055],{},[31,40051,40052,40054],{},[15,40053,37905],{}," keeps or removes items",[31,40056,40057,40059],{},[15,40058,40047],{}," changes each item into a new value",[24,40061,40062,40063,384],{},"Example of ",[15,40064,37905],{},[85,40066,40068],{"className":87,"code":40067,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, numbers)))\n",[15,40069,40070,40094],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,40071,40072,40074,40076,40078,40080,40082,40084,40086,40088,40090,40092],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,40073,101],{"class":100},[94,40075,105],{"class":104},[94,40077,109],{"class":108},[94,40079,412],{"class":112},[94,40081,116],{"class":108},[94,40083,124],{"class":112},[94,40085,116],{"class":108},[94,40087,421],{"class":112},[94,40089,116],{"class":108},[94,40091,624],{"class":112},[94,40093,127],{"class":108},[94,40095,40096,40098,40100,40102,40104,40106,40108,40110,40112,40114,40116,40118,40120,40122,40124],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,40097,326],{"class":145},[94,40099,149],{"class":108},[94,40101,965],{"class":913},[94,40103,149],{"class":108},[94,40105,37931],{"class":145},[94,40107,149],{"class":108},[94,40109,37989],{"class":958},[94,40111,37993],{"class":37992},[94,40113,384],{"class":108},[94,40115,4225],{"class":152},[94,40117,4596],{"class":104},[94,40119,124],{"class":112},[94,40121,116],{"class":108},[94,40123,343],{"class":152},[94,40125,3268],{"class":108},[24,40127,371],{},[85,40129,40131],{"className":87,"code":40130,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"[3, 4]\n",[15,40132,40133],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,40134,40135,40137,40139,40141,40143],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,40136,539],{"class":108},[94,40138,113],{"class":112},[94,40140,116],{"class":108},[94,40142,624],{"class":112},[94,40144,127],{"class":108},[24,40146,40062,40147,384],{},[15,40148,40047],{},[85,40150,40152],{"className":87,"code":40151,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(map(lambda x: x * 2, numbers)))\n",[15,40153,40154,40178],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,40155,40156,40158,40160,40162,40164,40166,40168,40170,40172,40174,40176],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,40157,101],{"class":100},[94,40159,105],{"class":104},[94,40161,109],{"class":108},[94,40163,412],{"class":112},[94,40165,116],{"class":108},[94,40167,124],{"class":112},[94,40169,116],{"class":108},[94,40171,421],{"class":112},[94,40173,116],{"class":108},[94,40175,624],{"class":112},[94,40177,127],{"class":108},[94,40179,40180,40182,40184,40186,40188,40191,40193,40195,40197,40199,40201,40204,40206,40208,40210],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,40181,326],{"class":145},[94,40183,149],{"class":108},[94,40185,965],{"class":913},[94,40187,149],{"class":108},[94,40189,40190],{"class":145},"map",[94,40192,149],{"class":108},[94,40194,37989],{"class":958},[94,40196,37993],{"class":37992},[94,40198,384],{"class":108},[94,40200,4225],{"class":152},[94,40202,40203],{"class":104},"*",[94,40205,124],{"class":112},[94,40207,116],{"class":108},[94,40209,343],{"class":152},[94,40211,3268],{"class":108},[24,40213,371],{},[85,40215,40217],{"className":87,"code":40216,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"[2, 4, 6, 8]\n",[15,40218,40219],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,40220,40221,40223,40225,40227,40229,40231,40233,40235,40237],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,40222,539],{"class":108},[94,40224,763],{"class":112},[94,40226,116],{"class":108},[94,40228,624],{"class":112},[94,40230,116],{"class":108},[94,40232,37973],{"class":112},[94,40234,116],{"class":108},[94,40236,6692],{"class":112},[94,40238,127],{"class":108},[24,40240,40241,40242,168],{},"For the related function, see ",[434,40243,13,40245,439],{"href":40244},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained\u002F",[15,40246,40047],{},[80,40248,2160],{"id":2159},[265,40250,13029,40252,40254],{"id":40251},"does-filter-return-a-list-in-python-3",[15,40253,37905],{}," return a list in Python 3?",[24,40256,40257,40258,2214],{},"No. In Python 3, it returns a filter object. Convert it with ",[15,40259,25112],{},[265,40261,40263,40264,40266],{"id":40262},"what-does-the-function-inside-filter-need-to-return","What does the function inside ",[15,40265,37905],{}," need to return?",[24,40268,38212,40269,40271,40272,40274],{},[15,40270,1225],{}," to keep an item and ",[15,40273,4020],{}," to remove it.",[265,40276,2201,40278,40280],{"id":40277},"can-i-use-filter-without-lambda",[15,40279,37905],{}," without lambda?",[24,40282,40283],{},"Yes. You can pass a regular named function.",[265,40285,5479,40287,40290],{"id":40286},"what-does-filternone-items-do",[15,40288,40289],{},"filter(None, items)"," do?",[24,40292,40293,40294,40296,40297,17401,40299,168],{},"It removes falsy values such as ",[15,40295,2476],{},", empty strings, ",[15,40298,77],{},[15,40300,4020],{},[265,40302,21752,40304,40306],{"id":40303},"should-i-use-filter-or-a-list-comprehension",[15,40305,37905],{}," or a list comprehension?",[24,40308,40309,40310,40312],{},"Both work. Many beginners find list comprehensions or ",[15,40311,6289],{}," loops easier to read.",[24,40314,40315],{},"If your goal is simple filtering:",[28,40317,40318,40324,40330],{},[31,40319,40320,40321,40323],{},"use ",[15,40322,37905],{}," when you already have a test function or want a functional style",[31,40325,40326,40327,40329],{},"use a ",[15,40328,6289],{}," loop when you want the clearest step-by-step logic",[31,40331,40332],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a short and readable result list",[24,40334,40335,40336,168],{},"For a task-based example, see ",[434,40337,5470],{"href":40338},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python\u002F",[80,40340,2232],{"id":2231},[28,40342,40343,40348,40352,40357,40363],{},[31,40344,40345],{},[434,40346,40347],{"href":38784},"Lambda functions in Python explained",[31,40349,40350],{},[434,40351,5556],{"href":40338},[31,40353,40354],{},[434,40355,40356],{"href":39513},"List comprehensions in Python explained",[31,40358,40359],{},[434,40360,13,40361,439],{"href":40244},[15,40362,40047],{},[31,40364,40365],{},[434,40366,5551],{"href":1843},[2260,40368,40369],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":90,"searchDepth":130,"depth":130,"links":40371},[40372,40373,40375,40379,40382,40384,40386,40388,40390,40400,40412],{"id":2360,"depth":130,"text":2361},{"id":38039,"depth":130,"text":40374},"What filter() does",{"id":38173,"depth":130,"text":38174,"children":40376},[40377,40378],{"id":38190,"depth":137,"text":38190},{"id":4065,"depth":137,"text":4065},{"id":38349,"depth":130,"text":38350,"children":40380},[40381],{"id":38520,"depth":137,"text":38521},{"id":38633,"depth":130,"text":40383},"Using filter() with lambda",{"id":38788,"depth":130,"text":40385},"Using filter() with a named function",{"id":38950,"depth":130,"text":40387},"Using None with filter()",{"id":39130,"depth":130,"text":40389},"When to use filter()",{"id":3185,"depth":130,"text":3186,"children":40391},[40392,40394,40396,40397,40398],{"id":39523,"depth":137,"text":40393},"Expecting filter() to return a list",{"id":39656,"depth":137,"text":40395},"Using a test function that does not return True or False clearly",{"id":39781,"depth":137,"text":39782},{"id":39966,"depth":137,"text":39967},{"id":40042,"depth":137,"text":40399},"Confusing filter() with map()",{"id":2159,"depth":130,"text":2160,"children":40401},[40402,40404,40406,40408,40410],{"id":40251,"depth":137,"text":40403},"Does filter() return a list in Python 3?",{"id":40262,"depth":137,"text":40405},"What does the function inside filter() need to return?",{"id":40277,"depth":137,"text":40407},"Can I use filter() without lambda?",{"id":40286,"depth":137,"text":40409},"What does filter(None, items) do?",{"id":40303,"depth":137,"text":40411},"Should I use filter() or a list comprehension?",{"id":2231,"depth":130,"text":2232},"Master python filter function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained",{"title":37897,"description":40413},"reference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained","J9FdKm1wa-c3gDwJ_QQuBfzCHZa4aHKoE2spSvz7L8I",{"id":40420,"title":40421,"body":40422,"description":42574,"extension":2319,"meta":42575,"navigation":133,"path":42576,"seo":42577,"stem":42578,"__hash__":42579},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained.md","Python float() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":40423,"toc":42528},[40424,40427,40432,40438,40440,40492,40494,40513,40518,40522,40527,40530,40545,40548,40570,40572,40621,40623,40647,40649,40651,40666,40671,40679,40694,40696,40705,40708,40743,40747,40752,40756,40763,40798,40800,40816,40820,40823,40864,40866,40880,40884,40887,40911,40913,40922,40926,40929,40962,40964,40977,40981,40987,41006,41008,41016,41020,41025,41029,41035,41058,41060,41089,41092,41111,41115,41118,41145,41147,41181,41185,41188,41212,41216,41227,41229,41234,41240,41242,41326,41328,41370,41373,41377,41384,41393,41449,41456,41465,41470,41474,41545,41547,41556,41560,41563,41607,41609,41618,41622,41628,41678,41682,41687,41691,41715,41717,41726,41730,41754,41756,41767,41771,41795,41797,41806,41809,41826,41832,41836,41842,41845,41850,41853,41874,41876,41908,41911,41916,41918,41929,41931,41975,41979,41986,42038,42040,42049,42053,42056,42149,42152,42176,42180,42183,42275,42280,42284,42291,42296,42320,42322,42331,42336,42359,42361,42369,42376,42399,42407,42409,42422,42432,42434,42438,42445,42449,42458,42462,42469,42473,42477,42481,42493,42495,42525],[10,40425,40421],{"id":40426},"python-float-function-explained",[24,40428,9456,40429,40431],{},[15,40430,3240],{}," function converts a value into a floating-point number.",[24,40433,40434,40435,40437],{},"This is useful when you need decimal numbers in Python, especially when working with user input, file data, or numeric strings. In this guide, you will learn what ",[15,40436,3240],{}," does, what values it accepts, what errors it can raise, and how to use it safely.",[80,40439,2361],{"id":2360},[85,40441,40443],{"className":87,"code":40442,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(True))\n",[15,40444,40445,40459,40478],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,40446,40447,40449,40451,40453,40455,40457],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,40448,326],{"class":145},[94,40450,149],{"class":108},[94,40452,2550],{"class":913},[94,40454,149],{"class":108},[94,40456,615],{"class":112},[94,40458,921],{"class":108},[94,40460,40461,40463,40465,40467,40469,40471,40474,40476],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,40462,326],{"class":145},[94,40464,149],{"class":108},[94,40466,2550],{"class":913},[94,40468,149],{"class":108},[94,40470,332],{"class":331},[94,40472,40473],{"class":335},"3.14",[94,40475,332],{"class":331},[94,40477,921],{"class":108},[94,40479,40480,40482,40484,40486,40488,40490],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,40481,326],{"class":145},[94,40483,149],{"class":108},[94,40485,2550],{"class":913},[94,40487,149],{"class":108},[94,40489,1225],{"class":1224},[94,40491,921],{"class":108},[24,40493,371],{},[85,40495,40497],{"className":87,"code":40496,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"5.0\n3.14\n1.0\n",[15,40498,40499,40503,40508],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,40500,40501],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,40502,2836],{"class":112},[94,40504,40505],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,40506,40507],{"class":112},"3.14\n",[94,40509,40510],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,40511,40512],{"class":112},"1.0\n",[24,40514,54,40515,40517],{},[15,40516,3240],{}," to convert compatible values like integers, numeric strings, and booleans into floating-point numbers.",[80,40519,40521],{"id":40520},"what-float-does","What float() does",[24,40523,40524,40526],{},[15,40525,3240],{}," converts a value to a floating-point number.",[24,40528,40529],{},"A floating-point number is a number that can contain a decimal part, such as:",[28,40531,40532,40536,40540],{},[31,40533,40534],{},[15,40535,2848],{},[31,40537,40538],{},[15,40539,40473],{},[31,40541,40542],{},[15,40543,40544],{},"0.5",[24,40546,40547],{},"A few key points:",[28,40549,40550,40557,40560,40563],{},[31,40551,40552,40554,40555],{},[15,40553,3240],{}," returns a value of type ",[15,40556,2550],{},[31,40558,40559],{},"The result is always a floating-point number",[31,40561,40562],{},"It is often used to turn text into a number",[31,40564,40565,40566],{},"It is especially useful with values returned by ",[434,40567,40568],{"href":8554},[15,40569,3314],{},[24,40571,2566],{},[85,40573,40575],{"className":87,"code":40574,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"number = float(\"2.75\")\nprint(number)\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,40576,40577,40597,40607],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,40578,40579,40581,40583,40586,40588,40590,40593,40595],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,40580,2576],{"class":100},[94,40582,105],{"class":104},[94,40584,40585],{"class":913}," float",[94,40587,149],{"class":108},[94,40589,332],{"class":331},[94,40591,40592],{"class":335},"2.75",[94,40594,332],{"class":331},[94,40596,316],{"class":108},[94,40598,40599,40601,40603,40605],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,40600,326],{"class":145},[94,40602,149],{"class":108},[94,40604,2598],{"class":152},[94,40606,316],{"class":108},[94,40608,40609,40611,40613,40615,40617,40619],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,40610,326],{"class":145},[94,40612,149],{"class":108},[94,40614,914],{"class":913},[94,40616,149],{"class":108},[94,40618,2598],{"class":152},[94,40620,921],{"class":108},[24,40622,371],{},[85,40624,40626],{"className":87,"code":40625,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"2.75\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,40627,40628,40633],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,40629,40630],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,40631,40632],{"class":112},"2.75\n",[94,40634,40635,40637,40639,40641,40643,40645],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,40636,955],{"class":104},[94,40638,959],{"class":958},[94,40640,962],{"class":331},[94,40642,2550],{"class":335},[94,40644,968],{"class":331},[94,40646,971],{"class":104},[80,40648,2514],{"id":2513},[24,40650,7551],{},[85,40652,40654],{"className":87,"code":40653,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"float(value)\n",[15,40655,40656],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,40657,40658,40660,40662,40664],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,40659,2550],{"class":913},[94,40661,149],{"class":108},[94,40663,2829],{"class":152},[94,40665,316],{"class":108},[24,40667,40668,40669,168],{},"In most code, you pass one argument to ",[15,40670,3240],{},[24,40672,40673,40674,40676,40677,384],{},"If you call ",[15,40675,3240],{}," with no argument, Python returns ",[15,40678,4113],{},[85,40680,40682],{"className":87,"code":40681,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(float())\n",[15,40683,40684],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,40685,40686,40688,40690,40692],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,40687,326],{"class":145},[94,40689,149],{"class":108},[94,40691,2550],{"class":913},[94,40693,7527],{"class":108},[24,40695,371],{},[85,40697,40699],{"className":87,"code":40698,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"0.0\n",[15,40700,40701],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,40702,40703],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,40704,40698],{"class":112},[24,40706,40707],{},"You can print the result directly or store it in a variable:",[85,40709,40711],{"className":87,"code":40710,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"price = float(\"19.99\")\nprint(price)\n",[15,40712,40713,40733],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,40714,40715,40718,40720,40722,40724,40726,40729,40731],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,40716,40717],{"class":100},"price ",[94,40719,105],{"class":104},[94,40721,40585],{"class":913},[94,40723,149],{"class":108},[94,40725,332],{"class":331},[94,40727,40728],{"class":335},"19.99",[94,40730,332],{"class":331},[94,40732,316],{"class":108},[94,40734,40735,40737,40739,40741],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,40736,326],{"class":145},[94,40738,149],{"class":108},[94,40740,25481],{"class":152},[94,40742,316],{"class":108},[80,40744,40746],{"id":40745},"values-float-can-convert","Values float() can convert",[24,40748,40749,40751],{},[15,40750,3240],{}," can convert several common value types.",[265,40753,40755],{"id":40754},"integers","Integers",[24,40757,40758,40759,40762],{},"An integer becomes a float with ",[15,40760,40761],{},".0"," added:",[85,40764,40766],{"className":87,"code":40765,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(-2))\n",[15,40767,40768,40782],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,40769,40770,40772,40774,40776,40778,40780],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,40771,326],{"class":145},[94,40773,149],{"class":108},[94,40775,2550],{"class":913},[94,40777,149],{"class":108},[94,40779,615],{"class":112},[94,40781,921],{"class":108},[94,40783,40784,40786,40788,40790,40792,40794,40796],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,40785,326],{"class":145},[94,40787,149],{"class":108},[94,40789,2550],{"class":913},[94,40791,149],{"class":108},[94,40793,2380],{"class":104},[94,40795,763],{"class":112},[94,40797,921],{"class":108},[24,40799,371],{},[85,40801,40803],{"className":87,"code":40802,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"5.0\n-2.0\n",[15,40804,40805,40809],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,40806,40807],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,40808,2836],{"class":112},[94,40810,40811,40813],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,40812,2380],{"class":104},[94,40814,40815],{"class":112},"2.0\n",[265,40817,40819],{"id":40818},"numeric-strings","Numeric strings",[24,40821,40822],{},"Strings containing valid numbers can be converted:",[85,40824,40826],{"className":87,"code":40825,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(\"10\"))\n",[15,40827,40828,40846],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,40829,40830,40832,40834,40836,40838,40840,40842,40844],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,40831,326],{"class":145},[94,40833,149],{"class":108},[94,40835,2550],{"class":913},[94,40837,149],{"class":108},[94,40839,332],{"class":331},[94,40841,40473],{"class":335},[94,40843,332],{"class":331},[94,40845,921],{"class":108},[94,40847,40848,40850,40852,40854,40856,40858,40860,40862],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,40849,326],{"class":145},[94,40851,149],{"class":108},[94,40853,2550],{"class":913},[94,40855,149],{"class":108},[94,40857,332],{"class":331},[94,40859,2688],{"class":335},[94,40861,332],{"class":331},[94,40863,921],{"class":108},[24,40865,371],{},[85,40867,40869],{"className":87,"code":40868,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"3.14\n10.0\n",[15,40870,40871,40875],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,40872,40873],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,40874,40507],{"class":112},[94,40876,40877],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,40878,40879],{"class":112},"10.0\n",[265,40881,40883],{"id":40882},"strings-with-spaces","Strings with spaces",[24,40885,40886],{},"Extra spaces around the number are usually fine:",[85,40888,40890],{"className":87,"code":40889,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(float(\"  8.5  \"))\n",[15,40891,40892],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,40893,40894,40896,40898,40900,40902,40904,40907,40909],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,40895,326],{"class":145},[94,40897,149],{"class":108},[94,40899,2550],{"class":913},[94,40901,149],{"class":108},[94,40903,332],{"class":331},[94,40905,40906],{"class":335},"  8.5  ",[94,40908,332],{"class":331},[94,40910,921],{"class":108},[24,40912,371],{},[85,40914,40916],{"className":87,"code":40915,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"8.5\n",[15,40917,40918],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,40919,40920],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,40921,40915],{"class":112},[265,40923,40925],{"id":40924},"booleans","Booleans",[24,40927,40928],{},"Boolean values also work:",[85,40930,40932],{"className":87,"code":40931,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(float(True))\nprint(float(False))\n",[15,40933,40934,40948],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,40935,40936,40938,40940,40942,40944,40946],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,40937,326],{"class":145},[94,40939,149],{"class":108},[94,40941,2550],{"class":913},[94,40943,149],{"class":108},[94,40945,1225],{"class":1224},[94,40947,921],{"class":108},[94,40949,40950,40952,40954,40956,40958,40960],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,40951,326],{"class":145},[94,40953,149],{"class":108},[94,40955,2550],{"class":913},[94,40957,149],{"class":108},[94,40959,4020],{"class":1224},[94,40961,921],{"class":108},[24,40963,371],{},[85,40965,40967],{"className":87,"code":40966,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"1.0\n0.0\n",[15,40968,40969,40973],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,40970,40971],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,40972,40512],{"class":112},[94,40974,40975],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,40976,40698],{"class":112},[265,40978,40980],{"id":40979},"existing-floats","Existing floats",[24,40982,40983,40984,40986],{},"If the value is already a float, ",[15,40985,3240],{}," returns a float version of it:",[85,40988,40990],{"className":87,"code":40989,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(float(4.2))\n",[15,40991,40992],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,40993,40994,40996,40998,41000,41002,41004],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,40995,326],{"class":145},[94,40997,149],{"class":108},[94,40999,2550],{"class":913},[94,41001,149],{"class":108},[94,41003,2720],{"class":112},[94,41005,921],{"class":108},[24,41007,371],{},[85,41009,41010],{"className":87,"code":2744,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,41011,41012],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,41013,41014],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,41015,2744],{"class":112},[80,41017,41019],{"id":41018},"values-that-cause-errors","Values that cause errors",[24,41021,41022,41023,168],{},"Some values cannot be converted by ",[15,41024,3240],{},[265,41026,41028],{"id":41027},"non-numeric-text","Non-numeric text",[24,41030,41031,41032,384],{},"If the string does not contain a valid number, Python raises a ",[15,41033,41034],{},"ValueError",[85,41036,41038],{"className":87,"code":41037,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(float(\"hello\"))\n",[15,41039,41040],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,41041,41042,41044,41046,41048,41050,41052,41054,41056],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,41043,326],{"class":145},[94,41045,149],{"class":108},[94,41047,2550],{"class":913},[94,41049,149],{"class":108},[94,41051,332],{"class":331},[94,41053,4190],{"class":335},[94,41055,332],{"class":331},[94,41057,921],{"class":108},[24,41059,30011],{},[85,41061,41063],{"className":87,"code":41062,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"ValueError: could not convert string to float: 'hello'\n",[15,41064,41065],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,41066,41067,41069,41071,41074,41076,41079,41081,41083,41085,41087],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,41068,41034],{"class":913},[94,41070,384],{"class":108},[94,41072,41073],{"class":100}," could ",[94,41075,45],{"class":104},[94,41077,41078],{"class":100}," convert string to ",[94,41080,2550],{"class":913},[94,41082,384],{"class":108},[94,41084,962],{"class":331},[94,41086,4190],{"class":335},[94,41088,30030],{"class":331},[24,41090,41091],{},"This also happens with an empty string:",[85,41093,41095],{"className":87,"code":41094,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(float(\"\"))\n",[15,41096,41097],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,41098,41099,41101,41103,41105,41107,41109],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,41100,326],{"class":145},[94,41102,149],{"class":108},[94,41104,2550],{"class":913},[94,41106,149],{"class":108},[94,41108,6604],{"class":331},[94,41110,921],{"class":108},[265,41112,41114],{"id":41113},"unsupported-types","Unsupported types",[24,41116,41117],{},"Some types are not accepted directly, such as lists and dictionaries:",[85,41119,41121],{"className":87,"code":41120,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(float([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,41122,41123],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,41124,41125,41127,41129,41131,41133,41135,41137,41139,41141,41143],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,41126,326],{"class":145},[94,41128,149],{"class":108},[94,41130,2550],{"class":913},[94,41132,3342],{"class":108},[94,41134,412],{"class":112},[94,41136,116],{"class":108},[94,41138,124],{"class":112},[94,41140,116],{"class":108},[94,41142,421],{"class":112},[94,41144,3355],{"class":108},[24,41146,30011],{},[85,41148,41150],{"className":87,"code":41149,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"TypeError: float() argument must be a string or a real number, not 'list'\n",[15,41151,41152],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,41153,41154,41156,41158,41160,41162,41165,41168,41171,41173,41175,41177,41179],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,41155,3361],{"class":913},[94,41157,384],{"class":108},[94,41159,40585],{"class":913},[94,41161,174],{"class":108},[94,41163,41164],{"class":100}," argument must be a string ",[94,41166,41167],{"class":104},"or",[94,41169,41170],{"class":100}," a real number",[94,41172,116],{"class":108},[94,41174,8434],{"class":104},[94,41176,962],{"class":331},[94,41178,965],{"class":335},[94,41180,30030],{"class":331},[265,41182,41184],{"id":41183},"strings-with-commas","Strings with commas",[24,41186,41187],{},"In normal Python code, a comma is not treated as a decimal point:",[85,41189,41191],{"className":87,"code":41190,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(float(\"3,14\"))\n",[15,41192,41193],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,41194,41195,41197,41199,41201,41203,41205,41208,41210],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,41196,326],{"class":145},[94,41198,149],{"class":108},[94,41200,2550],{"class":913},[94,41202,149],{"class":108},[94,41204,332],{"class":331},[94,41206,41207],{"class":335},"3,14",[94,41209,332],{"class":331},[94,41211,921],{"class":108},[24,41213,3358,41214,168],{},[15,41215,41034],{},[24,41217,41218,41219,1139,41223,168],{},"If you are fixing this specific problem, see ",[434,41220,41222],{"href":41221},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-float-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to float in Python",[434,41224,41226],{"href":41225},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-could-not-convert-string-to-float-fix\u002F","ValueError: could not convert string to float",[80,41228,17748],{"id":17747},[24,41230,41231,41233],{},[15,41232,3240],{}," returns a new float value.",[24,41235,41236,41237,41239],{},"It does ",[43,41238,45],{}," change the original value in place.",[24,41241,2566],{},[85,41243,41245],{"className":87,"code":41244,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"6.5\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,41246,41247,41260,41274,41278,41288,41298,41312],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,41248,41249,41251,41253,41255,41258],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,41250,1803],{"class":100},[94,41252,105],{"class":104},[94,41254,1040],{"class":331},[94,41256,41257],{"class":335},"6.5",[94,41259,1812],{"class":331},[94,41261,41262,41264,41266,41268,41270,41272],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,41263,2576],{"class":100},[94,41265,105],{"class":104},[94,41267,40585],{"class":913},[94,41269,149],{"class":108},[94,41271,1817],{"class":152},[94,41273,316],{"class":108},[94,41275,41276],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,41277,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,41279,41280,41282,41284,41286],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,41281,326],{"class":145},[94,41283,149],{"class":108},[94,41285,1817],{"class":152},[94,41287,316],{"class":108},[94,41289,41290,41292,41294,41296],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,41291,326],{"class":145},[94,41293,149],{"class":108},[94,41295,2598],{"class":152},[94,41297,316],{"class":108},[94,41299,41300,41302,41304,41306,41308,41310],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,41301,326],{"class":145},[94,41303,149],{"class":108},[94,41305,914],{"class":913},[94,41307,149],{"class":108},[94,41309,1817],{"class":152},[94,41311,921],{"class":108},[94,41313,41314,41316,41318,41320,41322,41324],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,41315,326],{"class":145},[94,41317,149],{"class":108},[94,41319,914],{"class":913},[94,41321,149],{"class":108},[94,41323,2598],{"class":152},[94,41325,921],{"class":108},[24,41327,371],{},[85,41329,41331],{"className":87,"code":41330,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"6.5\n6.5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,41332,41333,41338,41342,41356],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,41334,41335],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,41336,41337],{"class":112},"6.5\n",[94,41339,41340],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,41341,41337],{"class":112},[94,41343,41344,41346,41348,41350,41352,41354],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,41345,955],{"class":104},[94,41347,959],{"class":958},[94,41349,962],{"class":331},[94,41351,1372],{"class":335},[94,41353,968],{"class":331},[94,41355,971],{"class":104},[94,41357,41358,41360,41362,41364,41366,41368],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,41359,955],{"class":104},[94,41361,959],{"class":958},[94,41363,962],{"class":331},[94,41365,2550],{"class":335},[94,41367,968],{"class":331},[94,41369,971],{"class":104},[24,41371,41372],{},"In real programs, you usually assign the result to a variable so you can use it later.",[80,41374,41376],{"id":41375},"common-beginner-use-cases","Common beginner use cases",[265,41378,41380,41381,41383],{"id":41379},"convert-input-text-into-a-decimal-number","Convert ",[15,41382,3314],{}," text into a decimal number",[24,41385,2336,41386,41390,41391,168],{},[434,41387,41388,2660],{"href":8554},[15,41389,3314],{}," always returns a string. If you want to do math, you often need ",[15,41392,3240],{},[85,41394,41396],{"className":87,"code":41395,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"user_value = input(\"Enter a price: \")\nprice = float(user_value)\n\nprint(price * 2)\n",[15,41397,41398,41417,41431,41435],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,41399,41400,41402,41404,41406,41408,41410,41413,41415],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,41401,8572],{"class":100},[94,41403,105],{"class":104},[94,41405,8577],{"class":145},[94,41407,149],{"class":108},[94,41409,332],{"class":331},[94,41411,41412],{"class":335},"Enter a price: ",[94,41414,332],{"class":331},[94,41416,316],{"class":108},[94,41418,41419,41421,41423,41425,41427,41429],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,41420,40717],{"class":100},[94,41422,105],{"class":104},[94,41424,40585],{"class":913},[94,41426,149],{"class":108},[94,41428,8601],{"class":152},[94,41430,316],{"class":108},[94,41432,41433],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,41434,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,41436,41437,41439,41441,41443,41445,41447],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,41438,326],{"class":145},[94,41440,149],{"class":108},[94,41442,40717],{"class":152},[94,41444,40203],{"class":104},[94,41446,124],{"class":112},[94,41448,316],{"class":108},[24,41450,41451,41452,41455],{},"If the user enters ",[15,41453,41454],{},"4.5",", the output will be:",[85,41457,41459],{"className":87,"code":41458,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"9.0\n",[15,41460,41461],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,41462,41463],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,41464,41458],{"class":112},[24,41466,41467,41468,168],{},"For more help with this, see ",[434,41469,9314],{"href":9313},[265,41471,41473],{"id":41472},"prepare-values-for-math","Prepare values for math",[85,41475,41477],{"className":87,"code":41476,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"a = \"2.5\"\nb = \"1.5\"\n\ntotal = float(a) + float(b)\nprint(total)\n",[15,41478,41479,41492,41505,41509,41534],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,41480,41481,41483,41485,41487,41490],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,41482,635],{"class":100},[94,41484,105],{"class":104},[94,41486,1040],{"class":331},[94,41488,41489],{"class":335},"2.5",[94,41491,1812],{"class":331},[94,41493,41494,41496,41498,41500,41503],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,41495,2937],{"class":100},[94,41497,105],{"class":104},[94,41499,1040],{"class":331},[94,41501,41502],{"class":335},"1.5",[94,41504,1812],{"class":331},[94,41506,41507],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,41508,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,41510,41511,41514,41516,41518,41520,41522,41524,41526,41528,41530,41532],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,41512,41513],{"class":100},"total ",[94,41515,105],{"class":104},[94,41517,40585],{"class":913},[94,41519,149],{"class":108},[94,41521,434],{"class":152},[94,41523,156],{"class":108},[94,41525,2811],{"class":104},[94,41527,40585],{"class":913},[94,41529,149],{"class":108},[94,41531,1937],{"class":152},[94,41533,316],{"class":108},[94,41535,41536,41538,41540,41543],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,41537,326],{"class":145},[94,41539,149],{"class":108},[94,41541,41542],{"class":152},"total",[94,41544,316],{"class":108},[24,41546,371],{},[85,41548,41550],{"className":87,"code":41549,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"4.0\n",[15,41551,41552],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,41553,41554],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,41555,41549],{"class":112},[265,41557,41559],{"id":41558},"convert-whole-numbers-to-floats","Convert whole numbers to floats",[24,41561,41562],{},"Sometimes a function or calculation expects float values:",[85,41564,41566],{"className":87,"code":41565,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"count = 7\nresult = float(count)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,41567,41568,41578,41593,41597],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,41569,41570,41573,41575],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,41571,41572],{"class":100},"count ",[94,41574,105],{"class":104},[94,41576,41577],{"class":112}," 7\n",[94,41579,41580,41582,41584,41586,41588,41591],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,41581,305],{"class":100},[94,41583,105],{"class":104},[94,41585,40585],{"class":913},[94,41587,149],{"class":108},[94,41589,41590],{"class":152},"count",[94,41592,316],{"class":108},[94,41594,41595],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,41596,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,41598,41599,41601,41603,41605],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,41600,326],{"class":145},[94,41602,149],{"class":108},[94,41604,902],{"class":152},[94,41606,316],{"class":108},[24,41608,371],{},[85,41610,41612],{"className":87,"code":41611,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"7.0\n",[15,41613,41614],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,41615,41616],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,41617,41611],{"class":112},[265,41619,41621],{"id":41620},"convert-numbers-read-from-files-or-apis","Convert numbers read from files or APIs",[24,41623,41624,41625,41627],{},"Data often arrives as strings. ",[15,41626,3240],{}," helps turn that text into usable numbers.",[85,41629,41631],{"className":87,"code":41630,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"temperature_text = \"21.8\"\ntemperature = float(temperature_text)\n\nprint(temperature)\n",[15,41632,41633,41647,41663,41667],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,41634,41635,41638,41640,41642,41645],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,41636,41637],{"class":100},"temperature_text ",[94,41639,105],{"class":104},[94,41641,1040],{"class":331},[94,41643,41644],{"class":335},"21.8",[94,41646,1812],{"class":331},[94,41648,41649,41652,41654,41656,41658,41661],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,41650,41651],{"class":100},"temperature ",[94,41653,105],{"class":104},[94,41655,40585],{"class":913},[94,41657,149],{"class":108},[94,41659,41660],{"class":152},"temperature_text",[94,41662,316],{"class":108},[94,41664,41665],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,41666,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,41668,41669,41671,41673,41676],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,41670,326],{"class":145},[94,41672,149],{"class":108},[94,41674,41675],{"class":152},"temperature",[94,41677,316],{"class":108},[80,41679,41681],{"id":41680},"special-values","Special values",[24,41683,41684,41686],{},[15,41685,3240],{}," can also create some special floating-point values.",[265,41688,41690],{"id":41689},"positive-infinity","Positive infinity",[85,41692,41694],{"className":87,"code":41693,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(float(\"inf\"))\n",[15,41695,41696],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,41697,41698,41700,41702,41704,41706,41708,41711,41713],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,41699,326],{"class":145},[94,41701,149],{"class":108},[94,41703,2550],{"class":913},[94,41705,149],{"class":108},[94,41707,332],{"class":331},[94,41709,41710],{"class":335},"inf",[94,41712,332],{"class":331},[94,41714,921],{"class":108},[24,41716,371],{},[85,41718,41720],{"className":87,"code":41719,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"inf\n",[15,41721,41722],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,41723,41724],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,41725,41719],{"class":100},[265,41727,41729],{"id":41728},"negative-infinity","Negative infinity",[85,41731,41733],{"className":87,"code":41732,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(float(\"-inf\"))\n",[15,41734,41735],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,41736,41737,41739,41741,41743,41745,41747,41750,41752],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,41738,326],{"class":145},[94,41740,149],{"class":108},[94,41742,2550],{"class":913},[94,41744,149],{"class":108},[94,41746,332],{"class":331},[94,41748,41749],{"class":335},"-inf",[94,41751,332],{"class":331},[94,41753,921],{"class":108},[24,41755,371],{},[85,41757,41759],{"className":87,"code":41758,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"-inf\n",[15,41760,41761],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,41762,41763,41765],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,41764,2380],{"class":104},[94,41766,41719],{"class":100},[265,41768,41770],{"id":41769},"not-a-number","Not a number",[85,41772,41774],{"className":87,"code":41773,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(float(\"nan\"))\n",[15,41775,41776],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,41777,41778,41780,41782,41784,41786,41788,41791,41793],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,41779,326],{"class":145},[94,41781,149],{"class":108},[94,41783,2550],{"class":913},[94,41785,149],{"class":108},[94,41787,332],{"class":331},[94,41789,41790],{"class":335},"nan",[94,41792,332],{"class":331},[94,41794,921],{"class":108},[24,41796,371],{},[85,41798,41800],{"className":87,"code":41799,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"nan\n",[15,41801,41802],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,41803,41804],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,41805,41799],{"class":100},[24,41807,41808],{},"These values are valid floats, but they can be confusing at first:",[28,41810,41811,41816,41821],{},[31,41812,41813,41815],{},[15,41814,41710],{}," means positive infinity",[31,41817,41818,41820],{},[15,41819,41749],{}," means negative infinity",[31,41822,41823,41825],{},[15,41824,41790],{}," means “not a number”",[24,41827,41828,41829,41831],{},"Beginners usually do not need these right away, but it is helpful to know that ",[15,41830,3240],{}," accepts them.",[80,41833,41835],{"id":41834},"common-errors-and-fixes","Common errors and fixes",[24,41837,41838,41839,41841],{},"The most common problems with ",[15,41840,3240],{}," happen when the value is not in the right format.",[265,41843,41034],{"id":41844},"valueerror",[24,41846,15516,41847,41849],{},[15,41848,41034],{}," happens when the value is the right general type, usually a string, but the string is not a valid number.",[24,41851,41852],{},"Common causes:",[28,41854,41855,41861,41864,41867],{},[31,41856,41857,41858],{},"Passing non-numeric text like ",[15,41859,41860],{},"\"abc\"",[31,41862,41863],{},"Trying to convert an empty string",[31,41865,41866],{},"Using a comma instead of a decimal point",[31,41868,5047,41869],{},[434,41870,41871,41873],{"href":8554},[15,41872,3314],{}," returns a string",[24,41875,2566],{},[85,41877,41879],{"className":87,"code":41878,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"value = \"abc\"\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,41880,41881,41894],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,41882,41883,41885,41887,41889,41892],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,41884,2804],{"class":100},[94,41886,105],{"class":104},[94,41888,1040],{"class":331},[94,41890,41891],{"class":335},"abc",[94,41893,1812],{"class":331},[94,41895,41896,41898,41900,41902,41904,41906],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,41897,326],{"class":145},[94,41899,149],{"class":108},[94,41901,2550],{"class":913},[94,41903,149],{"class":108},[94,41905,2829],{"class":152},[94,41907,921],{"class":108},[265,41909,3361],{"id":41910},"typeerror",[24,41912,15516,41913,41915],{},[15,41914,3361],{}," happens when the value type cannot be converted directly.",[24,41917,41852],{},[28,41919,41920,41923,41926],{},[31,41921,41922],{},"Passing a list",[31,41924,41925],{},"Passing a dictionary",[31,41927,41928],{},"Passing another unsupported type",[24,41930,2566],{},[85,41932,41934],{"className":87,"code":41933,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"value = {\"price\": \"9.99\"}\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,41935,41936,41961],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,41937,41938,41940,41942,41944,41946,41948,41950,41952,41954,41957,41959],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,41939,2804],{"class":100},[94,41941,105],{"class":104},[94,41943,10823],{"class":108},[94,41945,332],{"class":331},[94,41947,25481],{"class":335},[94,41949,332],{"class":331},[94,41951,384],{"class":108},[94,41953,1040],{"class":331},[94,41955,41956],{"class":335},"9.99",[94,41958,332],{"class":331},[94,41960,9641],{"class":108},[94,41962,41963,41965,41967,41969,41971,41973],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,41964,326],{"class":145},[94,41966,149],{"class":108},[94,41968,2550],{"class":913},[94,41970,149],{"class":108},[94,41972,2829],{"class":152},[94,41974,921],{"class":108},[265,41976,41978],{"id":41977},"clean-the-string-first","Clean the string first",[24,41980,41981,41982,41985],{},"If the string may contain extra spaces, ",[15,41983,41984],{},"strip()"," can help:",[85,41987,41989],{"className":87,"code":41988,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"value = \"  7.25  \"\nclean_value = value.strip()\n\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41990,41991,42004,42019,42023],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,41992,41993,41995,41997,41999,42002],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,41994,2804],{"class":100},[94,41996,105],{"class":104},[94,41998,1040],{"class":331},[94,42000,42001],{"class":335},"  7.25  ",[94,42003,1812],{"class":331},[94,42005,42006,42009,42011,42013,42015,42017],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,42007,42008],{"class":100},"clean_value ",[94,42010,105],{"class":104},[94,42012,8766],{"class":100},[94,42014,168],{"class":108},[94,42016,8968],{"class":152},[94,42018,511],{"class":108},[94,42020,42021],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,42022,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,42024,42025,42027,42029,42031,42033,42036],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,42026,326],{"class":145},[94,42028,149],{"class":108},[94,42030,2550],{"class":913},[94,42032,149],{"class":108},[94,42034,42035],{"class":152},"clean_value",[94,42037,921],{"class":108},[24,42039,371],{},[85,42041,42043],{"className":87,"code":42042,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"7.25\n",[15,42044,42045],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,42046,42047],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,42048,42042],{"class":112},[265,42050,42052],{"id":42051},"use-debugging-prints","Use debugging prints",[24,42054,42055],{},"If conversion fails, these checks are useful:",[85,42057,42059],{"className":87,"code":42058,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"value = \" 3.5 \"\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n\nclean_value = value.strip()\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,42060,42061,42074,42078,42088,42102,42117,42121,42135],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,42062,42063,42065,42067,42069,42072],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,42064,2804],{"class":100},[94,42066,105],{"class":104},[94,42068,1040],{"class":331},[94,42070,42071],{"class":335}," 3.5 ",[94,42073,1812],{"class":331},[94,42075,42076],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,42077,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,42079,42080,42082,42084,42086],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,42081,326],{"class":145},[94,42083,149],{"class":108},[94,42085,2829],{"class":152},[94,42087,316],{"class":108},[94,42089,42090,42092,42094,42096,42098,42100],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,42091,326],{"class":145},[94,42093,149],{"class":108},[94,42095,914],{"class":913},[94,42097,149],{"class":108},[94,42099,2829],{"class":152},[94,42101,921],{"class":108},[94,42103,42104,42106,42108,42111,42113,42115],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,42105,326],{"class":145},[94,42107,149],{"class":108},[94,42109,42110],{"class":145},"repr",[94,42112,149],{"class":108},[94,42114,2829],{"class":152},[94,42116,921],{"class":108},[94,42118,42119],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,42120,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,42122,42123,42125,42127,42129,42131,42133],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,42124,42008],{"class":100},[94,42126,105],{"class":104},[94,42128,8766],{"class":100},[94,42130,168],{"class":108},[94,42132,8968],{"class":152},[94,42134,511],{"class":108},[94,42136,42137,42139,42141,42143,42145,42147],{"class":96,"line":702},[94,42138,326],{"class":145},[94,42140,149],{"class":108},[94,42142,2550],{"class":913},[94,42144,149],{"class":108},[94,42146,42035],{"class":152},[94,42148,921],{"class":108},[24,42150,42151],{},"Why this helps:",[28,42153,42154,42160,42165,42171],{},[31,42155,42156,42159],{},[15,42157,42158],{},"print(value)"," shows the visible content",[31,42161,42162,21699],{},[15,42163,42164],{},"print(type(value))",[31,42166,42167,42170],{},[15,42168,42169],{},"print(repr(value))"," reveals hidden spaces or characters",[31,42172,42173,42175],{},[15,42174,41984],{}," removes spaces at the start and end",[265,42177,42179],{"id":42178},"use-try-except-for-unsafe-input","Use try-except for unsafe input",[24,42181,42182],{},"If the value may not be valid, handle the error safely:",[85,42184,42186],{"className":87,"code":42185,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\ntry:\n    number = float(value)\n    print(\"Converted:\", number)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"That is not a valid number.\")\n",[15,42187,42188,42207,42211,42217,42232,42251,42260],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,42189,42190,42192,42194,42196,42198,42200,42203,42205],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,42191,2804],{"class":100},[94,42193,105],{"class":104},[94,42195,8577],{"class":145},[94,42197,149],{"class":108},[94,42199,332],{"class":331},[94,42201,42202],{"class":335},"Enter a number: ",[94,42204,332],{"class":331},[94,42206,316],{"class":108},[94,42208,42209],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,42210,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,42212,42213,42215],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,42214,30134],{"class":4221},[94,42216,6726],{"class":108},[94,42218,42219,42222,42224,42226,42228,42230],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,42220,42221],{"class":100},"    number ",[94,42223,105],{"class":104},[94,42225,40585],{"class":913},[94,42227,149],{"class":108},[94,42229,2829],{"class":152},[94,42231,316],{"class":108},[94,42233,42234,42236,42238,42240,42243,42245,42247,42249],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,42235,8404],{"class":145},[94,42237,149],{"class":108},[94,42239,332],{"class":331},[94,42241,42242],{"class":335},"Converted:",[94,42244,332],{"class":331},[94,42246,116],{"class":108},[94,42248,2555],{"class":152},[94,42250,316],{"class":108},[94,42252,42253,42255,42258],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,42254,30165],{"class":4221},[94,42256,42257],{"class":913}," ValueError",[94,42259,6726],{"class":108},[94,42261,42262,42264,42266,42268,42271,42273],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,42263,8404],{"class":145},[94,42265,149],{"class":108},[94,42267,332],{"class":331},[94,42269,42270],{"class":335},"That is not a valid number.",[94,42272,332],{"class":331},[94,42274,316],{"class":108},[24,42276,42277,42278,168],{},"If you are dealing with this exact error, see ",[434,42279,41226],{"href":41225},[80,42281,42283],{"id":42282},"float-vs-int","float() vs int()",[24,42285,1146,42286,1139,42288,42290],{},[15,42287,3240],{},[15,42289,3234],{}," convert values to numbers, but they do not behave the same way.",[24,42292,42293,42295],{},[15,42294,3240],{}," creates decimal numbers:",[85,42297,42299],{"className":87,"code":42298,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(float(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,42300,42301],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,42302,42303,42305,42307,42309,42311,42313,42316,42318],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,42304,326],{"class":145},[94,42306,149],{"class":108},[94,42308,2550],{"class":913},[94,42310,149],{"class":108},[94,42312,332],{"class":331},[94,42314,42315],{"class":335},"3.9",[94,42317,332],{"class":331},[94,42319,921],{"class":108},[24,42321,371],{},[85,42323,42325],{"className":87,"code":42324,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"3.9\n",[15,42326,42327],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,42328,42329],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,42330,42324],{"class":112},[24,42332,42333,42335],{},[15,42334,3234],{}," creates whole numbers:",[85,42337,42339],{"className":87,"code":42338,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(int(\"10\"))\n",[15,42340,42341],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,42342,42343,42345,42347,42349,42351,42353,42355,42357],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,42344,326],{"class":145},[94,42346,149],{"class":108},[94,42348,2546],{"class":913},[94,42350,149],{"class":108},[94,42352,332],{"class":331},[94,42354,2688],{"class":335},[94,42356,332],{"class":331},[94,42358,921],{"class":108},[24,42360,371],{},[85,42362,42363],{"className":87,"code":2734,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,42364,42365],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,42366,42367],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,42368,2734],{"class":112},[24,42370,42371,42372,42375],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,42373,42374],{},"int(\"3.9\")"," to work:",[85,42377,42379],{"className":87,"code":42378,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(int(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,42380,42381],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,42382,42383,42385,42387,42389,42391,42393,42395,42397],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,42384,326],{"class":145},[94,42386,149],{"class":108},[94,42388,2546],{"class":913},[94,42390,149],{"class":108},[94,42392,332],{"class":331},[94,42394,42315],{"class":335},[94,42396,332],{"class":331},[94,42398,921],{"class":108},[24,42400,3358,42401,8935,42403,42406],{},[15,42402,41034],{},[15,42404,42405],{},"\"3.9\""," is not a valid integer string.",[24,42408,799],{},[28,42410,42411,42417],{},[31,42412,42413,42416],{},[15,42414,42415],{},"float(\"3.9\")"," works",[31,42418,42419,42421],{},[15,42420,42374],{}," fails",[24,42423,42424,42425,42428,42429,42431],{},"If you want a full comparison, see ",[434,42426,42427],{"href":3231},"Python int() Function Explained",". You may also find ",[434,42430,2777],{"href":2776}," helpful.",[80,42433,2160],{"id":2159},[265,42435,42437],{"id":42436},"what-does-float-return-in-python","What does float() return in Python?",[24,42439,42440,42441,2167,42443,168],{},"It returns a floating-point number, such as ",[15,42442,2848],{},[15,42444,40473],{},[265,42446,42448],{"id":42447},"can-float-convert-a-string","Can float() convert a string?",[24,42450,42451,42452,2167,42455,168],{},"Yes, if the string contains a valid number like ",[15,42453,42454],{},"\"2.5\"",[15,42456,42457],{},"\"10\"",[265,42459,42461],{"id":42460},"why-does-floatabc-fail","Why does float(\"abc\") fail?",[24,42463,29392,42464,42466,42467,168],{},[15,42465,41860],{}," is not a valid numeric string, so Python raises a ",[15,42468,41034],{},[265,42470,42472],{"id":42471},"what-does-float-with-no-argument-return","What does float() with no argument return?",[24,42474,5485,42475,168],{},[15,42476,4113],{},[265,42478,42480],{"id":42479},"can-float-convert-true-and-false","Can float() convert True and False?",[24,42482,42483,42484,1631,42486,1139,42489,1631,42491,168],{},"Yes. ",[15,42485,1225],{},[15,42487,42488],{},"1.0",[15,42490,4020],{},[15,42492,4113],{},[80,42494,2232],{"id":2231},[28,42496,42497,42501,42507,42512,42516,42520],{},[31,42498,42499],{},[434,42500,42427],{"href":3231},[31,42502,42503],{},[434,42504,42506],{"href":42505},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained\u002F","Python str() Function Explained",[31,42508,42509],{},[434,42510,42511],{"href":41221},"How to convert a string to float in Python",[31,42513,42514],{},[434,42515,9391],{"href":9313},[31,42517,42518],{},[434,42519,41226],{"href":41225},[31,42521,42522],{},[434,42523,42524],{"href":8554},"Python input() Function Explained",[2260,42526,42527],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":90,"searchDepth":130,"depth":130,"links":42529},[42530,42531,42532,42533,42540,42545,42546,42553,42558,42565,42566,42573],{"id":2360,"depth":130,"text":2361},{"id":40520,"depth":130,"text":40521},{"id":2513,"depth":130,"text":2514},{"id":40745,"depth":130,"text":40746,"children":42534},[42535,42536,42537,42538,42539],{"id":40754,"depth":137,"text":40755},{"id":40818,"depth":137,"text":40819},{"id":40882,"depth":137,"text":40883},{"id":40924,"depth":137,"text":40925},{"id":40979,"depth":137,"text":40980},{"id":41018,"depth":130,"text":41019,"children":42541},[42542,42543,42544],{"id":41027,"depth":137,"text":41028},{"id":41113,"depth":137,"text":41114},{"id":41183,"depth":137,"text":41184},{"id":17747,"depth":130,"text":17748},{"id":41375,"depth":130,"text":41376,"children":42547},[42548,42550,42551,42552],{"id":41379,"depth":137,"text":42549},"Convert input() text into a decimal number",{"id":41472,"depth":137,"text":41473},{"id":41558,"depth":137,"text":41559},{"id":41620,"depth":137,"text":41621},{"id":41680,"depth":130,"text":41681,"children":42554},[42555,42556,42557],{"id":41689,"depth":137,"text":41690},{"id":41728,"depth":137,"text":41729},{"id":41769,"depth":137,"text":41770},{"id":41834,"depth":130,"text":41835,"children":42559},[42560,42561,42562,42563,42564],{"id":41844,"depth":137,"text":41034},{"id":41910,"depth":137,"text":3361},{"id":41977,"depth":137,"text":41978},{"id":42051,"depth":137,"text":42052},{"id":42178,"depth":137,"text":42179},{"id":42282,"depth":130,"text":42283},{"id":2159,"depth":130,"text":2160,"children":42567},[42568,42569,42570,42571,42572],{"id":42436,"depth":137,"text":42437},{"id":42447,"depth":137,"text":42448},{"id":42460,"depth":137,"text":42461},{"id":42471,"depth":137,"text":42472},{"id":42479,"depth":137,"text":42480},{"id":2231,"depth":130,"text":2232},"Master python float function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained",{"title":40421,"description":42574},"reference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained","QDhcZeHPZNHjvzUBG1y5YosAc2zbXVrHayPblHEmejE",{"id":42581,"title":42582,"body":42583,"description":43804,"extension":2319,"meta":43805,"navigation":133,"path":35352,"seo":43806,"stem":43807,"__hash__":43808},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained.md","Python help() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":42584,"toc":43770},[42585,42588,42593,42596,42598,42637,42651,42655,42660,42663,42680,42683,42693,42708,42711,42713,42716,42732,42735,42738,42758,42762,42773,42776,42780,42784,42798,42833,42837,42848,42883,42886,42888,42896,42929,42945,42947,42957,42978,42989,42991,42996,42999,43013,43015,43034,43037,43050,43053,43057,43061,43075,43078,43096,43099,43114,43118,43123,43137,43143,43145,43202,43204,43237,43240,43256,43260,43267,43271,43276,43279,43290,43294,43299,43314,43323,43328,43347,43350,43362,43364,43369,43379,43382,43411,43416,43425,43429,43434,43437,43441,43446,43448,43478,43481,43488,43493,43498,43502,43505,43513,43516,43594,43597,43619,43621,43625,43628,43632,43638,43701,43705,43713,43717,43720,43722,43747,43767],[10,42586,42582],{"id":42587},"python-help-function-explained",[24,42589,3933,42590,42592],{},[15,42591,35355],{}," function shows built-in documentation inside Python.",[24,42594,42595],{},"It is useful when you want to quickly inspect a function, class, method, or module without leaving the Python shell. For beginners, it is a simple way to check what something does, what arguments it accepts, and how it is meant to be used.",[80,42597,2361],{"id":2360},[85,42599,42601],{"className":87,"code":42600,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"help(len)\nhelp(str)\nhelp('modules')\n",[15,42602,42603,42613,42623],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,42604,42605,42607,42609,42611],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,42606,2080],{"class":145},[94,42608,149],{"class":108},[94,42610,11490],{"class":145},[94,42612,316],{"class":108},[94,42614,42615,42617,42619,42621],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,42616,2080],{"class":145},[94,42618,149],{"class":108},[94,42620,1372],{"class":913},[94,42622,316],{"class":108},[94,42624,42625,42627,42629,42631,42633,42635],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,42626,2080],{"class":145},[94,42628,149],{"class":108},[94,42630,968],{"class":331},[94,42632,34990],{"class":335},[94,42634,968],{"class":331},[94,42636,316],{"class":108},[24,42638,54,42639,42641,42642,2167,42644,42646,42647,42650],{},[15,42640,35355],{}," to view built-in documentation in the Python shell. Pass an object like ",[15,42643,11490],{},[15,42645,1372],{},", or use a string such as ",[15,42648,42649],{},"'modules'"," for special interactive help topics.",[80,42652,42654],{"id":42653},"what-help-does","What help() does",[24,42656,42657,42659],{},[15,42658,35355],{}," displays Python’s built-in documentation.",[24,42661,42662],{},"You can use it to inspect:",[28,42664,42665,42668,42671,42674,42677],{},[31,42666,42667],{},"Functions",[31,42669,42670],{},"Classes",[31,42672,42673],{},"Methods",[31,42675,42676],{},"Modules",[31,42678,42679],{},"Some Python keywords and help topics",[24,42681,42682],{},"It is most useful in the Python shell, IDLE, or another interactive environment.",[24,42684,42685,42686,42692],{},"For example, if you forget how ",[434,42687,42689],{"href":42688},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained\u002F",[15,42690,42691],{},"len()"," works, you can ask Python directly:",[85,42694,42696],{"className":87,"code":42695,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"help(len)\n",[15,42697,42698],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,42699,42700,42702,42704,42706],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,42701,2080],{"class":145},[94,42703,149],{"class":108},[94,42705,11490],{"class":145},[94,42707,316],{"class":108},[24,42709,42710],{},"This is helpful when you are learning because you can explore Python while you code.",[80,42712,2514],{"id":2513},[24,42714,42715],{},"The main form is:",[85,42717,42719],{"className":87,"code":42718,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"help(object)\n",[15,42720,42721],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,42722,42723,42725,42727,42730],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,42724,2080],{"class":145},[94,42726,149],{"class":108},[94,42728,42729],{"class":913},"object",[94,42731,316],{"class":108},[24,42733,42734],{},"You pass in the thing you want to learn about.",[24,42736,42737],{},"Common examples include:",[28,42739,42740,42744,42749,42753],{},[31,42741,42742],{},[15,42743,11490],{},[31,42745,42746],{},[15,42747,42748],{},"list.append",[31,42750,42751],{},[15,42752,1372],{},[31,42754,42755],{},[15,42756,42757],{},"open",[24,42759,7508,42760,7511],{},[15,42761,35355],{},[85,42763,42765],{"className":87,"code":42764,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"help()\n",[15,42766,42767],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,42768,42769,42771],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,42770,2080],{"class":145},[94,42772,511],{"class":108},[24,42774,42775],{},"This opens interactive help mode, where you can type help topics and search for information from inside Python.",[80,42777,42779],{"id":42778},"common-things-you-can-inspect","Common things you can inspect",[265,42781,42783],{"id":42782},"built-in-functions","Built-in functions",[24,42785,42786,42787,2547,42789,2547,42791,17401,42794,168],{},"You can inspect built-in functions such as ",[15,42788,11490],{},[15,42790,326],{},[15,42792,42793],{},"input",[434,42795,42796],{"href":2656},[15,42797,2659],{},[85,42799,42801],{"className":87,"code":42800,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"help(print)\nhelp(input)\nhelp(type)\n",[15,42802,42803,42813,42823],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,42804,42805,42807,42809,42811],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,42806,2080],{"class":145},[94,42808,149],{"class":108},[94,42810,326],{"class":145},[94,42812,316],{"class":108},[94,42814,42815,42817,42819,42821],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,42816,2080],{"class":145},[94,42818,149],{"class":108},[94,42820,42793],{"class":145},[94,42822,316],{"class":108},[94,42824,42825,42827,42829,42831],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,42826,2080],{"class":145},[94,42828,149],{"class":108},[94,42830,914],{"class":913},[94,42832,316],{"class":108},[265,42834,42836],{"id":42835},"data-types","Data types",[24,42838,42839,42840,2547,42842,2547,42844,17401,42846,168],{},"You can inspect types such as ",[15,42841,1372],{},[15,42843,965],{},[15,42845,9154],{},[15,42847,6619],{},[85,42849,42851],{"className":87,"code":42850,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"help(str)\nhelp(list)\nhelp(dict)\n",[15,42852,42853,42863,42873],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,42854,42855,42857,42859,42861],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,42856,2080],{"class":145},[94,42858,149],{"class":108},[94,42860,1372],{"class":913},[94,42862,316],{"class":108},[94,42864,42865,42867,42869,42871],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,42866,2080],{"class":145},[94,42868,149],{"class":108},[94,42870,965],{"class":913},[94,42872,316],{"class":108},[94,42874,42875,42877,42879,42881],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,42876,2080],{"class":145},[94,42878,149],{"class":108},[94,42880,9154],{"class":913},[94,42882,316],{"class":108},[24,42884,42885],{},"This is useful when you want to see available methods and basic behavior for a type.",[265,42887,42673],{"id":34837},[24,42889,42890,42891,1139,42894,168],{},"You can inspect methods such as ",[15,42892,42893],{},"str.split",[15,42895,42748],{},[85,42897,42899],{"className":87,"code":42898,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"help(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\n",[15,42900,42901,42915],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,42902,42903,42905,42907,42909,42911,42913],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,42904,2080],{"class":145},[94,42906,149],{"class":108},[94,42908,1372],{"class":913},[94,42910,168],{"class":108},[94,42912,34800],{"class":1377},[94,42914,316],{"class":108},[94,42916,42917,42919,42921,42923,42925,42927],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,42918,2080],{"class":145},[94,42920,149],{"class":108},[94,42922,965],{"class":913},[94,42924,168],{"class":108},[94,42926,13880],{"class":1377},[94,42928,316],{"class":108},[24,42930,42931,42932,9037,42934,28645,42939,42941,42942,42944],{},"If you are not sure what methods a type has, compare ",[15,42933,35355],{},[434,42935,42937],{"href":42936},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained\u002F",[15,42938,34642],{},[15,42940,34642],{}," shows available names, while ",[15,42943,35355],{}," explains one of them.",[265,42946,42676],{"id":34990},[24,42948,42949,42950,2547,42952,17401,42954,168],{},"You can inspect modules such as ",[15,42951,18747],{},[15,42953,35517],{},[15,42955,42956],{},"os",[85,42958,42960],{"className":87,"code":42959,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"import math\nhelp(math)\n",[15,42961,42962,42968],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,42963,42964,42966],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,42965,35418],{"class":4221},[94,42967,35421],{"class":100},[94,42969,42970,42972,42974,42976],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,42971,2080],{"class":145},[94,42973,149],{"class":108},[94,42975,18747],{"class":152},[94,42977,316],{"class":108},[24,42979,42980,42981,42985,42986,168],{},"If you are still learning imports, see ",[434,42982,42984],{"href":42983},"\u002Flearn\u002Fhow-import-works-in-python\u002F","how import works in Python",". For a beginner-friendly module example, see the ",[434,42987,35484],{"href":42988},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview\u002F",[80,42990,35247],{"id":35246},[24,42992,42993,42995],{},[15,42994,35355],{}," output can look long at first. Do not try to read everything.",[24,42997,42998],{},"Focus on these parts first:",[28,43000,43001,43004,43007,43010],{},[31,43002,43003],{},"The function signature",[31,43005,43006],{},"The short description",[31,43008,43009],{},"Parameter names",[31,43011,43012],{},"Return value details, when shown",[24,43014,5804],{},[85,43016,43018],{"className":87,"code":43017,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"help(str.split)\n",[15,43019,43020],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,43021,43022,43024,43026,43028,43030,43032],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,43023,2080],{"class":145},[94,43025,149],{"class":108},[94,43027,1372],{"class":913},[94,43029,168],{"class":108},[94,43031,34800],{"class":1377},[94,43033,316],{"class":108},[24,43035,43036],{},"When you read the output, look for:",[28,43038,43039,43042,43045,43047],{},[31,43040,43041],{},"What object this is",[31,43043,43044],{},"What arguments it accepts",[31,43046,22301],{},[31,43048,43049],{},"Short notes about how it behaves",[24,43051,43052],{},"A good beginner habit is to read the first few useful lines, then test the function yourself with a small example.",[80,43054,43056],{"id":43055},"when-help-is-useful","When help() is useful",[24,43058,43059,30204],{},[15,43060,35355],{},[28,43062,43063,43066,43069,43072],{},[31,43064,43065],{},"You forget how a built-in function works",[31,43067,43068],{},"You want to check method names on a type",[31,43070,43071],{},"You are exploring a new module",[31,43073,43074],{},"You want quick documentation while coding",[24,43076,43077],{},"For example, if you remember that strings have a method for splitting text but forget the exact details, you can run:",[85,43079,43080],{"className":87,"code":43017,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,43081,43082],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,43083,43084,43086,43088,43090,43092,43094],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,43085,2080],{"class":145},[94,43087,149],{"class":108},[94,43089,1372],{"class":913},[94,43091,168],{"class":108},[94,43093,34800],{"class":1377},[94,43095,316],{"class":108},[24,43097,43098],{},"If you want to inspect file handling, you can also check:",[85,43100,43102],{"className":87,"code":43101,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"help(open)\n",[15,43103,43104],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,43105,43106,43108,43110,43112],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,43107,2080],{"class":145},[94,43109,149],{"class":108},[94,43111,42757],{"class":145},[94,43113,316],{"class":108},[80,43115,43117],{"id":43116},"limits-of-help","Limits of help()",[24,43119,43120,43122],{},[15,43121,35355],{}," is useful, but it has limits.",[28,43124,43125,43128,43131,43134],{},[31,43126,43127],{},"The output can feel dense for beginners",[31,43129,43130],{},"Some third-party libraries may have unclear or incomplete help text",[31,43132,43133],{},"It does not replace simple examples",[31,43135,43136],{},"It works best when combined with small practice programs",[24,43138,43139,43140,43142],{},"So, ",[15,43141,35355],{}," is great for quick checking, but you will usually learn faster if you also test what you read in short code examples.",[24,43144,5804],{},[85,43146,43148],{"className":87,"code":43147,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"a,b,c\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,43149,43150,43163,43187,43191],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,43151,43152,43154,43156,43158,43161],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,43153,1803],{"class":100},[94,43155,105],{"class":104},[94,43157,1040],{"class":331},[94,43159,43160],{"class":335},"a,b,c",[94,43162,1812],{"class":331},[94,43164,43165,43168,43170,43173,43175,43177,43179,43181,43183,43185],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,43166,43167],{"class":100},"parts ",[94,43169,105],{"class":104},[94,43171,43172],{"class":100}," text",[94,43174,168],{"class":108},[94,43176,34800],{"class":152},[94,43178,149],{"class":108},[94,43180,332],{"class":331},[94,43182,116],{"class":335},[94,43184,332],{"class":331},[94,43186,316],{"class":108},[94,43188,43189],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,43190,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,43192,43193,43195,43197,43200],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,43194,326],{"class":145},[94,43196,149],{"class":108},[94,43198,43199],{"class":152},"parts",[94,43201,316],{"class":108},[24,43203,5891],{},[85,43205,43207],{"className":87,"code":43206,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,43208,43209],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,43210,43211,43213,43215,43217,43219,43221,43223,43225,43227,43229,43231,43233,43235],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,43212,539],{"class":108},[94,43214,968],{"class":331},[94,43216,434],{"class":335},[94,43218,968],{"class":331},[94,43220,116],{"class":108},[94,43222,962],{"class":331},[94,43224,1937],{"class":335},[94,43226,968],{"class":331},[94,43228,116],{"class":108},[94,43230,962],{"class":331},[94,43232,1946],{"class":335},[94,43234,968],{"class":331},[94,43236,127],{"class":108},[24,43238,43239],{},"A good workflow is:",[29044,43241,43242,43247,43250,43253],{},[31,43243,54,43244,43246],{},[15,43245,35355],{}," to inspect something",[31,43248,43249],{},"Write a tiny example",[31,43251,43252],{},"Check the result",[31,43254,43255],{},"Repeat",[80,43257,43259],{"id":43258},"difference-between-help-and-dir","Difference between help() and dir()",[24,43261,43262,1139,43264,43266],{},[15,43263,35355],{},[15,43265,34642],{}," are often used together, but they do different jobs.",[265,43268,43269],{"id":2080},[15,43270,35355],{},[24,43272,54,43273,43275],{},[15,43274,35355],{}," when you want an explanation.",[24,43277,43278],{},"It tells you:",[28,43280,43281,43284,43287],{},[31,43282,43283],{},"What something is",[31,43285,43286],{},"How to use it",[31,43288,43289],{},"What parameters it accepts",[265,43291,43292],{"id":34703},[15,43293,34642],{},[24,43295,54,43296,43298],{},[15,43297,34642],{}," when you want a list of available names or attributes.",[85,43300,43302],{"className":87,"code":43301,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"dir(str)\n",[15,43303,43304],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,43305,43306,43308,43310,43312],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,43307,34703],{"class":145},[94,43309,149],{"class":108},[94,43311,1372],{"class":913},[94,43313,316],{"class":108},[24,43315,43316,43317,2547,43319,17401,43321,168],{},"This shows many string methods, such as ",[15,43318,34800],{},[15,43320,8968],{},[15,43322,1378],{},[24,43324,43325,43326,384],{},"Then you can inspect one of them with ",[15,43327,35355],{},[85,43329,43331],{"className":87,"code":43330,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"help(str.lower)\n",[15,43332,43333],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,43334,43335,43337,43339,43341,43343,43345],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,43336,2080],{"class":145},[94,43338,149],{"class":108},[94,43340,1372],{"class":913},[94,43342,168],{"class":108},[94,43344,1378],{"class":1377},[94,43346,316],{"class":108},[24,43348,43349],{},"A simple way to remember the difference:",[28,43351,43352,43357],{},[31,43353,54,43354,43356],{},[15,43355,34642],{}," to discover options",[31,43358,54,43359,43361],{},[15,43360,35355],{}," to understand one option",[80,43363,3186],{"id":3185},[24,43365,43366,43367,168],{},"Beginners often run into these small problems when using ",[15,43368,35355],{},[265,43370,1484,43372,43375,43376],{"id":43371},"using-helplen-when-you-meant-helplen",[15,43373,43374],{},"help('len')"," when you meant ",[15,43377,43378],{},"help(len)",[24,43380,43381],{},"These are not always the same.",[85,43383,43385],{"className":87,"code":43384,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"help(len)\nhelp('len')\n",[15,43386,43387,43397],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,43388,43389,43391,43393,43395],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,43390,2080],{"class":145},[94,43392,149],{"class":108},[94,43394,11490],{"class":145},[94,43396,316],{"class":108},[94,43398,43399,43401,43403,43405,43407,43409],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,43400,2080],{"class":145},[94,43402,149],{"class":108},[94,43404,968],{"class":331},[94,43406,11490],{"class":335},[94,43408,968],{"class":331},[94,43410,316],{"class":108},[24,43412,43413,43415],{},[15,43414,43378],{}," asks for help on the actual function object.",[24,43417,43418,43420,43421,43424],{},[15,43419,43374],{}," treats ",[15,43422,43423],{},"'len'"," as a help topic string. That can work differently, so when you want to inspect a real function, use the function name without quotes.",[265,43426,43428],{"id":43427},"expecting-short-example-based-output","Expecting short, example-based output",[24,43430,43431,43433],{},[15,43432,35355],{}," is documentation, not a tutorial.",[24,43435,43436],{},"The text may be longer and more technical than you expect. Start with the first lines, then test the function yourself.",[265,43438,43440],{"id":43439},"running-help-in-a-script-and-not-noticing-where-output-goes","Running help() in a script and not noticing where output goes",[24,43442,40673,43443,43445],{},[15,43444,35355],{}," in a normal Python script, the documentation text is printed to the terminal or console.",[24,43447,2566],{},[85,43449,43451],{"className":87,"code":43450,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"help(len)\nprint(\"Done\")\n",[15,43452,43453,43463],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,43454,43455,43457,43459,43461],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,43456,2080],{"class":145},[94,43458,149],{"class":108},[94,43460,11490],{"class":145},[94,43462,316],{"class":108},[94,43464,43465,43467,43469,43471,43474,43476],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,43466,326],{"class":145},[94,43468,149],{"class":108},[94,43470,332],{"class":331},[94,43472,43473],{"class":335},"Done",[94,43475,332],{"class":331},[94,43477,316],{"class":108},[24,43479,43480],{},"You may not see a neat interactive display like you do in the Python shell.",[265,43482,37533,43484,9037,43486],{"id":43483},"confusing-help-with-dir",[15,43485,35355],{},[15,43487,34642],{},[24,43489,43490,43491,168],{},"If you want a list of methods, use ",[15,43492,34642],{},[24,43494,43495,43496,168],{},"If you want an explanation of one method, use ",[15,43497,35355],{},[80,43499,43501],{"id":43500},"useful-commands-to-try","Useful commands to try",[24,43503,43504],{},"Open Python:",[85,43506,43507],{"className":87,"code":35870,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,43508,43509],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,43510,43511],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,43512,35870],{"class":100},[24,43514,43515],{},"Then test these commands:",[85,43517,43519],{"className":87,"code":43518,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"help(len)\nhelp(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\nhelp(open)\nhelp('keywords')\ndir(str)\n",[15,43520,43521,43531,43545,43559,43569,43584],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,43522,43523,43525,43527,43529],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,43524,2080],{"class":145},[94,43526,149],{"class":108},[94,43528,11490],{"class":145},[94,43530,316],{"class":108},[94,43532,43533,43535,43537,43539,43541,43543],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,43534,2080],{"class":145},[94,43536,149],{"class":108},[94,43538,1372],{"class":913},[94,43540,168],{"class":108},[94,43542,34800],{"class":1377},[94,43544,316],{"class":108},[94,43546,43547,43549,43551,43553,43555,43557],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,43548,2080],{"class":145},[94,43550,149],{"class":108},[94,43552,965],{"class":913},[94,43554,168],{"class":108},[94,43556,13880],{"class":1377},[94,43558,316],{"class":108},[94,43560,43561,43563,43565,43567],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,43562,2080],{"class":145},[94,43564,149],{"class":108},[94,43566,42757],{"class":145},[94,43568,316],{"class":108},[94,43570,43571,43573,43575,43577,43580,43582],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,43572,2080],{"class":145},[94,43574,149],{"class":108},[94,43576,968],{"class":331},[94,43578,43579],{"class":335},"keywords",[94,43581,968],{"class":331},[94,43583,316],{"class":108},[94,43585,43586,43588,43590,43592],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,43587,34703],{"class":145},[94,43589,149],{"class":108},[94,43591,1372],{"class":913},[94,43593,316],{"class":108},[24,43595,43596],{},"These are good starting points because they show different kinds of objects:",[28,43598,43599,43602,43605,43608,43611,43614],{},[31,43600,43601],{},"A built-in function",[31,43603,43604],{},"A string method",[31,43606,43607],{},"A list method",[31,43609,43610],{},"A built-in file function",[31,43612,43613],{},"A special help topic",[31,43615,15516,43616,43618],{},[15,43617,34642],{}," example for comparison",[80,43620,2160],{"id":2159},[265,43622,43624],{"id":43623},"what-does-help-return-in-python","What does help() return in Python?",[24,43626,43627],{},"It mainly prints documentation text to the screen. It is used for inspection, not for producing a useful return value in normal beginner code.",[265,43629,43631],{"id":43630},"can-i-use-help-on-my-own-functions","Can I use help() on my own functions?",[24,43633,43634,43635,43637],{},"Yes. You can pass your own function to ",[15,43636,35355],{}," to see its name, parameters, and docstring if it has one.",[85,43639,43641],{"className":87,"code":43640,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"def greet(name):\n    \"\"\"Return a friendly greeting.\"\"\"\n    return f\"Hello, {name}!\"\n\nhelp(greet)\n",[15,43642,43643,43655,43668,43687,43691],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,43644,43645,43647,43649,43651,43653],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,43646,35180],{"class":958},[94,43648,35184],{"class":35183},[94,43650,149],{"class":108},[94,43652,8001],{"class":37992},[94,43654,8676],{"class":108},[94,43656,43657,43661,43665],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,43658,43660],{"class":43659},"s2W-s","    \"\"\"",[94,43662,43664],{"class":43663},"sithA","Return a friendly greeting.",[94,43666,43667],{"class":43659},"\"\"\"\n",[94,43669,43670,43672,43675,43678,43680,43682,43684],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,43671,35191],{"class":4221},[94,43673,43674],{"class":958}," f",[94,43676,43677],{"class":335},"\"Hello, ",[94,43679,9610],{"class":112},[94,43681,8001],{"class":100},[94,43683,22634],{"class":112},[94,43685,43686],{"class":335},"!\"\n",[94,43688,43689],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,43690,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,43692,43693,43695,43697,43699],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,43694,2080],{"class":145},[94,43696,149],{"class":108},[94,43698,35226],{"class":152},[94,43700,316],{"class":108},[265,43702,43704],{"id":43703},"what-is-the-difference-between-helplen-and-helplen","What is the difference between help(len) and help('len')?",[24,43706,43707,43709,43710,43712],{},[15,43708,43378],{}," asks for documentation for the actual function object. ",[15,43711,43374],{}," treats the value as a help topic string, which is a different lookup style.",[265,43714,43716],{"id":43715},"why-is-help-useful-for-beginners","Why is help() useful for beginners?",[24,43718,43719],{},"It gives quick built-in documentation inside Python, so you can check how something works without searching elsewhere first.",[80,43721,2232],{"id":2231},[28,43723,43724,43729,43733,43738,43743],{},[31,43725,43726],{},[434,43727,43728],{"href":42936},"Python dir() function explained",[31,43730,43731],{},[434,43732,8775],{"href":2656},[31,43734,43735],{},[434,43736,43737],{"href":42688},"Python len() function explained",[31,43739,43740],{},[434,43741,43742],{"href":42983},"How import works in Python",[31,43744,43745],{},[434,43746,35484],{"href":42988},[24,43748,43749,43750,43752,43753,2547,43755,17401,43757,43759,43760,2167,43763,43766],{},"Try ",[15,43751,35355],{}," on three built-in functions you already know, such as ",[15,43754,11490],{},[15,43756,326],{},[15,43758,42793],{},". Then compare what you learn with ",[15,43761,43762],{},"dir(str)",[15,43764,43765],{},"dir(list)"," to build confidence exploring Python on your own.",[2260,43768,43769],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":90,"searchDepth":130,"depth":130,"links":43771},[43772,43773,43774,43775,43781,43782,43783,43784,43788,43796,43797,43803],{"id":2360,"depth":130,"text":2361},{"id":42653,"depth":130,"text":42654},{"id":2513,"depth":130,"text":2514},{"id":42778,"depth":130,"text":42779,"children":43776},[43777,43778,43779,43780],{"id":42782,"depth":137,"text":42783},{"id":42835,"depth":137,"text":42836},{"id":34837,"depth":137,"text":42673},{"id":34990,"depth":137,"text":42676},{"id":35246,"depth":130,"text":35247},{"id":43055,"depth":130,"text":43056},{"id":43116,"depth":130,"text":43117},{"id":43258,"depth":130,"text":43259,"children":43785},[43786,43787],{"id":2080,"depth":137,"text":35355},{"id":34703,"depth":137,"text":34642},{"id":3185,"depth":130,"text":3186,"children":43789},[43790,43792,43793,43794],{"id":43371,"depth":137,"text":43791},"Using help('len') when you meant help(len)",{"id":43427,"depth":137,"text":43428},{"id":43439,"depth":137,"text":43440},{"id":43483,"depth":137,"text":43795},"Confusing help() with dir()",{"id":43500,"depth":130,"text":43501},{"id":2159,"depth":130,"text":2160,"children":43798},[43799,43800,43801,43802],{"id":43623,"depth":137,"text":43624},{"id":43630,"depth":137,"text":43631},{"id":43703,"depth":137,"text":43704},{"id":43715,"depth":137,"text":43716},{"id":2231,"depth":130,"text":2232},"Master python help function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":42582,"description":43804},"reference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained","Vhkt5jzLBPMaA5aqAyYPSa-k-XAlASN-1vUAx7Hvu5k",{"id":43810,"title":43811,"body":43812,"description":45174,"extension":2319,"meta":45175,"navigation":133,"path":45176,"seo":45177,"stem":45178,"__hash__":45179},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained.md","Python id() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":43813,"toc":45147},[43814,43820,43825,43831,43841,43900,43910,43921,43926,43932,43934,43952,43960,43962,43964,43979,43982,43993,43995,44086,44089,44093,44098,44119,44121,44232,44234,44261,44272,44276,44279,44362,44364,44372,44378,44384,44388,44391,44501,44503,44516,44519,44533,44541,44548,44553,44567,44573,44686,44688,44749,44752,44758,44764,44767,44789,44792,44862,44865,44897,44904,44906,44909,44927,44930,44942,44948,44950,44955,44981,44984,45056,45058,45064,45067,45073,45076,45082,45092,45098,45101,45108,45111,45113,45144],[10,43815,13,43817,3930],{"id":43816},"python-id-function-explained",[15,43818,43819],{},"id()",[24,43821,32648,43822,43824],{},[15,43823,43819],{}," function returns a number that identifies an object while that object exists.",[24,43826,43827,43828,43830],{},"Beginners usually see ",[15,43829,43819],{}," when learning how variables and objects work in Python. It can help you understand whether two variables point to the same object, especially with mutable objects like lists and dictionaries.",[24,43832,54,43833,43835,43836,43838,43839,168],{},[15,43834,43819],{}," for inspection and debugging. Do ",[43,43837,45],{}," use it to compare normal values. For value comparison, use ",[15,43840,5031],{},[85,43842,43844],{"className":87,"code":43843,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"name = \"Python\"\nprint(id(name))\n\nother = name\nprint(id(other))\n",[15,43845,43846,43858,43872,43876,43886],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,43847,43848,43850,43852,43854,43856],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,43849,8211],{"class":100},[94,43851,105],{"class":104},[94,43853,1040],{"class":331},[94,43855,7630],{"class":335},[94,43857,1812],{"class":331},[94,43859,43860,43862,43864,43866,43868,43870],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,43861,326],{"class":145},[94,43863,149],{"class":108},[94,43865,12974],{"class":145},[94,43867,149],{"class":108},[94,43869,8001],{"class":152},[94,43871,921],{"class":108},[94,43873,43874],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,43875,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,43877,43878,43881,43883],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,43879,43880],{"class":100},"other ",[94,43882,105],{"class":104},[94,43884,43885],{"class":100}," name\n",[94,43887,43888,43890,43892,43894,43896,43898],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,43889,326],{"class":145},[94,43891,149],{"class":108},[94,43893,12974],{"class":145},[94,43895,149],{"class":108},[94,43897,31074],{"class":152},[94,43899,921],{"class":108},[24,43901,43902,43903,43906,43907,43909],{},"In this example, ",[15,43904,43905],{},"other = name"," makes both variables refer to the same object, so the two ",[15,43908,43819],{}," values match.",[43911,43912,43913],"blockquote",{},[24,43914,54,43915,43917,43918,43920],{},[15,43916,43819],{}," to inspect object identity. Do not use it to check whether two values are equal. Use ",[15,43919,5031],{}," for value comparison.",[80,43922,215,43924,218],{"id":43923},"what-id-does",[15,43925,43819],{},[24,43927,43928,43931],{},[15,43929,43930],{},"id(obj)"," returns an integer that identifies an object during its lifetime.",[24,43933,13378],{},[28,43935,43936,43939,43946,43949],{},[31,43937,43938],{},"The returned value is unique for that object while it exists",[31,43940,43941,43942,43945],{},"It shows ",[43,43943,43944],{},"object identity",", not object value",[31,43947,43948],{},"Beginners mostly use it for learning and debugging",[31,43950,43951],{},"It is helpful when you want to see whether two names refer to the same object",[24,43953,43954,43955,43959],{},"This is closely related to how ",[434,43956,43958],{"href":43957},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-variables-explained-for-beginners","Python variables work",". A variable does not store a value in the same way a box stores an item. Instead, it refers to an object.",[80,43961,2514],{"id":2513},[24,43963,5766],{},[85,43965,43967],{"className":87,"code":43966,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"id(object)\n",[15,43968,43969],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,43970,43971,43973,43975,43977],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,43972,12974],{"class":145},[94,43974,149],{"class":108},[94,43976,42729],{"class":913},[94,43978,316],{"class":108},[24,43980,43981],{},"Important details:",[28,43983,43984,43987,43990],{},[31,43985,43986],{},"It takes one argument",[31,43988,43989],{},"It returns an integer",[31,43991,43992],{},"It works with strings, numbers, lists, dictionaries, functions, and other objects",[24,43994,2566],{},[85,43996,43998],{"className":87,"code":43997,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"hello\"\nnumber = 42\nitems = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(id(text))\nprint(id(number))\nprint(id(items))\n",[15,43999,44000,44012,44020,44040,44044,44058,44072],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,44001,44002,44004,44006,44008,44010],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,44003,1803],{"class":100},[94,44005,105],{"class":104},[94,44007,1040],{"class":331},[94,44009,4190],{"class":335},[94,44011,1812],{"class":331},[94,44013,44014,44016,44018],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,44015,2576],{"class":100},[94,44017,105],{"class":104},[94,44019,3124],{"class":112},[94,44021,44022,44024,44026,44028,44030,44032,44034,44036,44038],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,44023,8113],{"class":100},[94,44025,105],{"class":104},[94,44027,109],{"class":108},[94,44029,412],{"class":112},[94,44031,116],{"class":108},[94,44033,124],{"class":112},[94,44035,116],{"class":108},[94,44037,421],{"class":112},[94,44039,127],{"class":108},[94,44041,44042],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,44043,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,44045,44046,44048,44050,44052,44054,44056],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,44047,326],{"class":145},[94,44049,149],{"class":108},[94,44051,12974],{"class":145},[94,44053,149],{"class":108},[94,44055,1817],{"class":152},[94,44057,921],{"class":108},[94,44059,44060,44062,44064,44066,44068,44070],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,44061,326],{"class":145},[94,44063,149],{"class":108},[94,44065,12974],{"class":145},[94,44067,149],{"class":108},[94,44069,2598],{"class":152},[94,44071,921],{"class":108},[94,44073,44074,44076,44078,44080,44082,44084],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,44075,326],{"class":145},[94,44077,149],{"class":108},[94,44079,12974],{"class":145},[94,44081,149],{"class":108},[94,44083,8144],{"class":152},[94,44085,921],{"class":108},[24,44087,44088],{},"Expected output will be three integers. The exact numbers will be different on your computer.",[80,44090,44092],{"id":44091},"object-identity-vs-value","Object identity vs value",[24,44094,44095,44096,168],{},"This is the most important idea behind ",[15,44097,43819],{},[28,44099,44100,44107,44114],{},[31,44101,44102,44104,44105],{},[15,44103,5031],{}," checks whether two objects have the same ",[43,44106,2829],{},[31,44108,44109,44111,44112],{},[15,44110,12519],{}," checks whether two variables refer to the same ",[43,44113,42729],{},[31,44115,44116,44118],{},[15,44117,43819],{}," lets you inspect that identity as an integer",[24,44120,2566],{},[85,44122,44124],{"className":87,"code":44123,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(a == b)   # True\nprint(a is b)   # False\nprint(id(a))\nprint(id(b))\n",[15,44125,44126,44146,44166,44170,44187,44204,44218],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,44127,44128,44130,44132,44134,44136,44138,44140,44142,44144],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,44129,635],{"class":100},[94,44131,105],{"class":104},[94,44133,109],{"class":108},[94,44135,412],{"class":112},[94,44137,116],{"class":108},[94,44139,124],{"class":112},[94,44141,116],{"class":108},[94,44143,421],{"class":112},[94,44145,127],{"class":108},[94,44147,44148,44150,44152,44154,44156,44158,44160,44162,44164],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,44149,2937],{"class":100},[94,44151,105],{"class":104},[94,44153,109],{"class":108},[94,44155,412],{"class":112},[94,44157,116],{"class":108},[94,44159,124],{"class":112},[94,44161,116],{"class":108},[94,44163,421],{"class":112},[94,44165,127],{"class":108},[94,44167,44168],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,44169,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,44171,44172,44174,44176,44178,44180,44182,44184],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,44173,326],{"class":145},[94,44175,149],{"class":108},[94,44177,635],{"class":152},[94,44179,5031],{"class":104},[94,44181,2914],{"class":152},[94,44183,156],{"class":108},[94,44185,44186],{"class":159},"   # True\n",[94,44188,44189,44191,44193,44195,44197,44199,44201],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,44190,326],{"class":145},[94,44192,149],{"class":108},[94,44194,635],{"class":152},[94,44196,12519],{"class":4221},[94,44198,2914],{"class":152},[94,44200,156],{"class":108},[94,44202,44203],{"class":159},"   # False\n",[94,44205,44206,44208,44210,44212,44214,44216],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,44207,326],{"class":145},[94,44209,149],{"class":108},[94,44211,12974],{"class":145},[94,44213,149],{"class":108},[94,44215,434],{"class":152},[94,44217,921],{"class":108},[94,44219,44220,44222,44224,44226,44228,44230],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,44221,326],{"class":145},[94,44223,149],{"class":108},[94,44225,12974],{"class":145},[94,44227,149],{"class":108},[94,44229,1937],{"class":152},[94,44231,921],{"class":108},[24,44233,2536],{},[28,44235,44236,44244,44252],{},[31,44237,44238,5126,44241,44243],{},[15,44239,44240],{},"a == b",[15,44242,1225],{}," because both lists contain the same values",[31,44245,44246,5126,44249,44251],{},[15,44247,44248],{},"a is b",[15,44250,4020],{}," because they are different list objects",[31,44253,44254,1139,44257,44260],{},[15,44255,44256],{},"id(a)",[15,44258,44259],{},"id(b)"," are usually different",[24,44262,44263,44264,1139,44268,168],{},"If this topic feels confusing, it helps to read about ",[434,44265,44267],{"href":44266},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types","mutability in Python",[434,44269,44271],{"href":44270},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview","Python data types",[80,44273,44275],{"id":44274},"simple-example-with-shared-references","Simple example with shared references",[24,44277,44278],{},"When you assign one variable to another, both names can refer to the same object.",[85,44280,44282],{"className":87,"code":44281,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nother_numbers = numbers\n\nprint(id(numbers))\nprint(id(other_numbers))\nprint(numbers is other_numbers)\n",[15,44283,44284,44304,44314,44318,44332,44347],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,44285,44286,44288,44290,44292,44294,44296,44298,44300,44302],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,44287,101],{"class":100},[94,44289,105],{"class":104},[94,44291,109],{"class":108},[94,44293,2688],{"class":112},[94,44295,116],{"class":108},[94,44297,8124],{"class":112},[94,44299,116],{"class":108},[94,44301,8129],{"class":112},[94,44303,127],{"class":108},[94,44305,44306,44309,44311],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,44307,44308],{"class":100},"other_numbers ",[94,44310,105],{"class":104},[94,44312,44313],{"class":100}," numbers\n",[94,44315,44316],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,44317,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,44319,44320,44322,44324,44326,44328,44330],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,44321,326],{"class":145},[94,44323,149],{"class":108},[94,44325,12974],{"class":145},[94,44327,149],{"class":108},[94,44329,153],{"class":152},[94,44331,921],{"class":108},[94,44333,44334,44336,44338,44340,44342,44345],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,44335,326],{"class":145},[94,44337,149],{"class":108},[94,44339,12974],{"class":145},[94,44341,149],{"class":108},[94,44343,44344],{"class":152},"other_numbers",[94,44346,921],{"class":108},[94,44348,44349,44351,44353,44355,44357,44360],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,44350,326],{"class":145},[94,44352,149],{"class":108},[94,44354,101],{"class":152},[94,44356,12519],{"class":4221},[94,44358,44359],{"class":152}," other_numbers",[94,44361,316],{"class":108},[24,44363,5891],{},[85,44365,44366],{"className":87,"code":4325,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,44367,44368],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,44369,44370],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,44371,4325],{"class":1224},[24,44373,44374,44375,44377],{},"The two ",[15,44376,43819],{}," values will also match.",[24,44379,22520,44380,44383],{},[15,44381,44382],{},"other_numbers = numbers"," does not create a new list. It creates a second reference to the same list.",[80,44385,44387],{"id":44386},"example-with-separate-objects","Example with separate objects",[24,44389,44390],{},"Now compare that with two separate lists that contain the same values.",[85,44392,44394],{"className":87,"code":44393,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"list_a = [1, 2, 3]\nlist_b = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(list_a == list_b)\nprint(list_a is list_b)\nprint(id(list_a))\nprint(id(list_b))\n",[15,44395,44396,44417,44438,44442,44457,44471,44486],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,44397,44398,44401,44403,44405,44407,44409,44411,44413,44415],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,44399,44400],{"class":100},"list_a ",[94,44402,105],{"class":104},[94,44404,109],{"class":108},[94,44406,412],{"class":112},[94,44408,116],{"class":108},[94,44410,124],{"class":112},[94,44412,116],{"class":108},[94,44414,421],{"class":112},[94,44416,127],{"class":108},[94,44418,44419,44422,44424,44426,44428,44430,44432,44434,44436],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,44420,44421],{"class":100},"list_b ",[94,44423,105],{"class":104},[94,44425,109],{"class":108},[94,44427,412],{"class":112},[94,44429,116],{"class":108},[94,44431,124],{"class":112},[94,44433,116],{"class":108},[94,44435,421],{"class":112},[94,44437,127],{"class":108},[94,44439,44440],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,44441,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,44443,44444,44446,44448,44450,44452,44455],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,44445,326],{"class":145},[94,44447,149],{"class":108},[94,44449,44400],{"class":152},[94,44451,5031],{"class":104},[94,44453,44454],{"class":152}," list_b",[94,44456,316],{"class":108},[94,44458,44459,44461,44463,44465,44467,44469],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,44460,326],{"class":145},[94,44462,149],{"class":108},[94,44464,44400],{"class":152},[94,44466,12519],{"class":4221},[94,44468,44454],{"class":152},[94,44470,316],{"class":108},[94,44472,44473,44475,44477,44479,44481,44484],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,44474,326],{"class":145},[94,44476,149],{"class":108},[94,44478,12974],{"class":145},[94,44480,149],{"class":108},[94,44482,44483],{"class":152},"list_a",[94,44485,921],{"class":108},[94,44487,44488,44490,44492,44494,44496,44499],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,44489,326],{"class":145},[94,44491,149],{"class":108},[94,44493,12974],{"class":145},[94,44495,149],{"class":108},[94,44497,44498],{"class":152},"list_b",[94,44500,921],{"class":108},[24,44502,5891],{},[85,44504,44506],{"className":87,"code":44505,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"True\nFalse\n",[15,44507,44508,44512],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,44509,44510],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,44511,4325],{"class":1224},[94,44513,44514],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,44515,4386],{"class":1224},[24,44517,44518],{},"What this means:",[28,44520,44521,44524,44527],{},[31,44522,44523],{},"The lists are equal in value",[31,44525,44526],{},"They are not the same object",[31,44528,44529,44530,44532],{},"Their ",[15,44531,43819],{}," values are usually different",[24,44534,44535,44536,44538,44539,168],{},"This is why ",[15,44537,43819],{}," should not replace ",[15,44540,5031],{},[80,44542,44544,44545,44547],{"id":44543},"when-id-is-useful","When ",[15,44546,43819],{}," is useful",[24,44549,44550,44552],{},[15,44551,43819],{}," can be useful in a few situations:",[28,44554,44555,44558,44561,44564],{},[31,44556,44557],{},"Checking whether two variables refer to the same object",[31,44559,44560],{},"Understanding mutable objects like lists and dictionaries",[31,44562,44563],{},"Debugging code that changes data in place",[31,44565,44566],{},"Learning how assignment works in Python",[24,44568,44569,44570,44572],{},"For example, if a list changes unexpectedly, ",[15,44571,43819],{}," can help you see whether two variables point to the same list:",[85,44574,44576],{"className":87,"code":44575,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"original = [\"a\", \"b\"]\ncopy_ref = original\n\ncopy_ref.append(\"c\")\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copy_ref)\nprint(id(original))\nprint(id(copy_ref))\n",[15,44577,44578,44602,44611,44615,44634,44638,44648,44658,44672],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,44579,44580,44582,44584,44586,44588,44590,44592,44594,44596,44598,44600],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,44581,12413],{"class":100},[94,44583,105],{"class":104},[94,44585,109],{"class":108},[94,44587,332],{"class":331},[94,44589,434],{"class":335},[94,44591,332],{"class":331},[94,44593,116],{"class":108},[94,44595,1040],{"class":331},[94,44597,1937],{"class":335},[94,44599,332],{"class":331},[94,44601,127],{"class":108},[94,44603,44604,44607,44609],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,44605,44606],{"class":100},"copy_ref ",[94,44608,105],{"class":104},[94,44610,12451],{"class":100},[94,44612,44613],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,44614,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,44616,44617,44620,44622,44624,44626,44628,44630,44632],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,44618,44619],{"class":100},"copy_ref",[94,44621,168],{"class":108},[94,44623,13880],{"class":152},[94,44625,149],{"class":108},[94,44627,332],{"class":331},[94,44629,1946],{"class":335},[94,44631,332],{"class":331},[94,44633,316],{"class":108},[94,44635,44636],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,44637,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,44639,44640,44642,44644,44646],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,44641,326],{"class":145},[94,44643,149],{"class":108},[94,44645,381],{"class":152},[94,44647,316],{"class":108},[94,44649,44650,44652,44654,44656],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,44651,326],{"class":145},[94,44653,149],{"class":108},[94,44655,44619],{"class":152},[94,44657,316],{"class":108},[94,44659,44660,44662,44664,44666,44668,44670],{"class":96,"line":702},[94,44661,326],{"class":145},[94,44663,149],{"class":108},[94,44665,12974],{"class":145},[94,44667,149],{"class":108},[94,44669,381],{"class":152},[94,44671,921],{"class":108},[94,44673,44674,44676,44678,44680,44682,44684],{"class":96,"line":6763},[94,44675,326],{"class":145},[94,44677,149],{"class":108},[94,44679,12974],{"class":145},[94,44681,149],{"class":108},[94,44683,44619],{"class":152},[94,44685,921],{"class":108},[24,44687,5891],{},[85,44689,44691],{"className":87,"code":44690,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,44692,44693,44721],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,44694,44695,44697,44699,44701,44703,44705,44707,44709,44711,44713,44715,44717,44719],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,44696,539],{"class":108},[94,44698,968],{"class":331},[94,44700,434],{"class":335},[94,44702,968],{"class":331},[94,44704,116],{"class":108},[94,44706,962],{"class":331},[94,44708,1937],{"class":335},[94,44710,968],{"class":331},[94,44712,116],{"class":108},[94,44714,962],{"class":331},[94,44716,1946],{"class":335},[94,44718,968],{"class":331},[94,44720,127],{"class":108},[94,44722,44723,44725,44727,44729,44731,44733,44735,44737,44739,44741,44743,44745,44747],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,44724,539],{"class":108},[94,44726,968],{"class":331},[94,44728,434],{"class":335},[94,44730,968],{"class":331},[94,44732,116],{"class":108},[94,44734,962],{"class":331},[94,44736,1937],{"class":335},[94,44738,968],{"class":331},[94,44740,116],{"class":108},[94,44742,962],{"class":331},[94,44744,1946],{"class":335},[94,44746,968],{"class":331},[94,44748,127],{"class":108},[24,44750,44751],{},"Both variables show the same updated list because they refer to the same object.",[80,44753,44755,44756],{"id":44754},"when-not-to-use-id","When not to use ",[15,44757,43819],{},[24,44759,44760,44761,44763],{},"Do not use ",[15,44762,43819],{}," as a normal comparison tool.",[24,44765,44766],{},"Avoid these mistakes:",[28,44768,44769,44775,44781,44784],{},[31,44770,44771,44772,44774],{},"Do not use it instead of ",[15,44773,5031],{}," for strings, numbers, lists, or other normal values",[31,44776,44777,44778,44780],{},"Do not store or depend on ",[15,44779,43819],{}," values across program runs",[31,44782,44783],{},"Do not assume the integer has a meaning you should interpret",[31,44785,44786,44787],{},"Do not build unnecessary program logic around ",[15,44788,43819],{},[24,44790,44791],{},"Bad example:",[85,44793,44795],{"className":87,"code":44794,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"a = \"cat\"\nb = \"cat\"\n\nif id(a) == id(b):\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,44796,44797,44809,44821,44825,44847],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,44798,44799,44801,44803,44805,44807],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,44800,635],{"class":100},[94,44802,105],{"class":104},[94,44804,1040],{"class":331},[94,44806,37376],{"class":335},[94,44808,1812],{"class":331},[94,44810,44811,44813,44815,44817,44819],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,44812,2937],{"class":100},[94,44814,105],{"class":104},[94,44816,1040],{"class":331},[94,44818,37376],{"class":335},[94,44820,1812],{"class":331},[94,44822,44823],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,44824,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,44826,44827,44829,44831,44833,44835,44837,44839,44841,44843,44845],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,44828,7330],{"class":4221},[94,44830,15144],{"class":145},[94,44832,149],{"class":108},[94,44834,434],{"class":152},[94,44836,156],{"class":108},[94,44838,6741],{"class":104},[94,44840,15144],{"class":145},[94,44842,149],{"class":108},[94,44844,1937],{"class":152},[94,44846,8676],{"class":108},[94,44848,44849,44851,44853,44855,44858,44860],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,44850,8404],{"class":145},[94,44852,149],{"class":108},[94,44854,332],{"class":331},[94,44856,44857],{"class":335},"The values are equal",[94,44859,332],{"class":331},[94,44861,316],{"class":108},[24,44863,44864],{},"This is the wrong test. Use:",[85,44866,44868],{"className":87,"code":44867,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"if a == b:\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,44869,44870,44883],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,44871,44872,44874,44877,44879,44881],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,44873,7330],{"class":4221},[94,44875,44876],{"class":100}," a ",[94,44878,5031],{"class":104},[94,44880,2914],{"class":100},[94,44882,6726],{"class":108},[94,44884,44885,44887,44889,44891,44893,44895],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,44886,8404],{"class":145},[94,44888,149],{"class":108},[94,44890,332],{"class":331},[94,44892,44857],{"class":335},[94,44894,332],{"class":331},[94,44896,316],{"class":108},[24,44898,54,44899,2167,44901,44903],{},[15,44900,12519],{},[15,44902,43819],{}," only when identity actually matters.",[80,44905,21132],{"id":21131},[24,44907,44908],{},"There are a few details that can confuse beginners:",[28,44910,44911,44914,44917,44922],{},[31,44912,44913],{},"Some small values may appear to share identities because Python can reuse objects",[31,44915,44916],{},"That behavior can vary between Python implementations",[31,44918,44919,44920],{},"Do not assume equal immutable values always have the same ",[15,44921,43819],{},[31,44923,44924,44925],{},"Do not assume they always have different ",[15,44926,43819],{},[24,44928,44929],{},"The important rule is:",[28,44931,44932,44937],{},[31,44933,54,44934,44936],{},[15,44935,5031],{}," to check value",[31,44938,54,44939,44941],{},[15,44940,12519],{}," to check identity",[24,44943,44944,44945,44947],{},"In everyday Python code, ",[15,44946,43819],{}," is mainly an inspection tool. It is not something you use all the time.",[80,44949,3186],{"id":3185},[24,44951,44952,44953,384],{},"Here are common beginner mistakes with ",[15,44954,43819],{},[28,44956,44957,44965,44968,44971,44976],{},[31,44958,1484,44959,44961,44962,44964],{},[15,44960,43819],{}," when ",[15,44963,5031],{}," should be used",[31,44966,44967],{},"Confusing identity with equality",[31,44969,44970],{},"Thinking the returned integer is a memory address you should rely on",[31,44972,44973,44974],{},"Assuming equal immutable values always have different or always have the same ",[15,44975,43819],{},[31,44977,1484,44978,44980],{},[15,44979,43819],{}," to make program logic decisions unnecessarily",[24,44982,44983],{},"If you are debugging, these commands are often helpful:",[85,44985,44987],{"className":87,"code":44986,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(id(my_object))\nprint(a == b)\nprint(a is b)\nprint(type(my_object))\nhelp(id)\n",[15,44988,44989,45004,45018,45032,45046],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,44990,44991,44993,44995,44997,44999,45002],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,44992,326],{"class":145},[94,44994,149],{"class":108},[94,44996,12974],{"class":145},[94,44998,149],{"class":108},[94,45000,45001],{"class":152},"my_object",[94,45003,921],{"class":108},[94,45005,45006,45008,45010,45012,45014,45016],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,45007,326],{"class":145},[94,45009,149],{"class":108},[94,45011,635],{"class":152},[94,45013,5031],{"class":104},[94,45015,2914],{"class":152},[94,45017,316],{"class":108},[94,45019,45020,45022,45024,45026,45028,45030],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,45021,326],{"class":145},[94,45023,149],{"class":108},[94,45025,635],{"class":152},[94,45027,12519],{"class":4221},[94,45029,2914],{"class":152},[94,45031,316],{"class":108},[94,45033,45034,45036,45038,45040,45042,45044],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,45035,326],{"class":145},[94,45037,149],{"class":108},[94,45039,914],{"class":913},[94,45041,149],{"class":108},[94,45043,45001],{"class":152},[94,45045,921],{"class":108},[94,45047,45048,45050,45052,45054],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,45049,2080],{"class":145},[94,45051,149],{"class":108},[94,45053,12974],{"class":145},[94,45055,316],{"class":108},[80,45057,2160],{"id":2159},[265,45059,45061,45062,13041],{"id":45060},"what-does-python-id-return","What does Python ",[15,45063,43819],{},[24,45065,45066],{},"It returns an integer that identifies an object for as long as that object exists.",[265,45068,15230,45070,45072],{"id":45069},"is-id-the-same-as-a-memory-address",[15,45071,43819],{}," the same as a memory address?",[24,45074,45075],{},"In CPython, it is often related to the memory address, but beginners should treat it as an identity value, not as something to depend on.",[265,45077,21752,45079,45081],{"id":45078},"should-i-use-id-to-compare-two-values",[15,45080,43819],{}," to compare two values?",[24,45083,30601,45084,45086,45087,2167,45089,45091],{},[15,45085,5031],{}," to compare values. Use ",[15,45088,43819],{},[15,45090,12519],{}," only when you need to know whether two variables refer to the same object.",[265,45093,45095,45096,2170],{"id":45094},"why-do-two-variables-sometimes-have-the-same-id","Why do two variables sometimes have the same ",[15,45097,43819],{},[24,45099,45100],{},"Because they can point to the same object.",[265,45102,45104,45105,45107],{"id":45103},"why-do-equal-lists-have-different-id-values","Why do equal lists have different ",[15,45106,43819],{}," values?",[24,45109,45110],{},"Because they can store the same values but still be separate objects.",[80,45112,2232],{"id":2231},[28,45114,45115,45120,45125,45130,45138],{},[31,45116,45117],{},[434,45118,45119],{"href":43957},"Python variables explained for beginners",[31,45121,45122],{},[434,45123,45124],{"href":44266},"Mutability in Python: mutable vs immutable types",[31,45126,45127],{},[434,45128,45129],{"href":44270},"Python data types overview",[31,45131,45132],{},[434,45133,13,45135,439],{"href":45134},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained",[15,45136,45137],{},"isinstance()",[31,45139,45140],{},[434,45141,45143],{"href":45142},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-functions-explained","Python functions explained",[2260,45145,45146],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":90,"searchDepth":130,"depth":130,"links":45148},[45149,45151,45152,45153,45154,45155,45157,45159,45160,45161,45173],{"id":43923,"depth":130,"text":45150},"What id() does",{"id":2513,"depth":130,"text":2514},{"id":44091,"depth":130,"text":44092},{"id":44274,"depth":130,"text":44275},{"id":44386,"depth":130,"text":44387},{"id":44543,"depth":130,"text":45156},"When id() is useful",{"id":44754,"depth":130,"text":45158},"When not to use id()",{"id":21131,"depth":130,"text":21132},{"id":3185,"depth":130,"text":3186},{"id":2159,"depth":130,"text":2160,"children":45162},[45163,45165,45167,45169,45171],{"id":45060,"depth":137,"text":45164},"What does Python id() return?",{"id":45069,"depth":137,"text":45166},"Is id() the same as a memory address?",{"id":45078,"depth":137,"text":45168},"Should I use id() to compare two values?",{"id":45094,"depth":137,"text":45170},"Why do two variables sometimes have the same id()?",{"id":45103,"depth":137,"text":45172},"Why do equal lists have different id() values?",{"id":2231,"depth":130,"text":2232},"Master python id function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained",{"title":43811,"description":45174},"reference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained","urpvIG90OiBF3OAxMd-CGWa-9xnfjJsWk0ZM8U_FOZA",{"id":45181,"title":42524,"body":45182,"description":46821,"extension":2319,"meta":46822,"navigation":133,"path":46823,"seo":46824,"stem":46825,"__hash__":46826},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":45183,"toc":46787},[45184,45189,45194,45197,45199,45242,45247,45250,45255,45260,45263,45279,45281,45325,45327,45354,45356,45371,45373,45375,45377,45393,45395,45407,45410,45444,45447,45472,45477,45479,45484,45488,45491,45493,45541,45543,45576,45582,45593,45595,45647,45649,45680,45682,45686,45690,45733,45739,45745,45797,45805,45810,45814,45905,45907,45940,45943,45945,46005,46007,46033,46043,46045,46049,46054,46059,46061,46098,46100,46119,46122,46126,46129,46185,46197,46206,46208,46235,46243,46250,46254,46257,46294,46297,46303,46340,46342,46346,46352,46370,46375,46423,46427,46516,46519,46526,46528,46530,46535,46553,46555,46598,46604,46621,46623,46685,46687,46689,46695,46702,46708,46714,46723,46733,46737,46745,46747,46749,46784],[10,45185,13,45187,3930],{"id":45186},"python-input-function-explained",[15,45188,3314],{},[24,45190,2336,45191,45193],{},[15,45192,3314],{}," function lets your Python program receive text from the user.",[24,45195,45196],{},"It is one of the most common beginner tools in Python because it makes programs interactive. You can use it to ask for a name, an age, a number, or any other value the user types.",[80,45198,2361],{"id":2360},[85,45200,45202],{"className":87,"code":45201,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(\"Hello, \" + name)\n",[15,45203,45204,45223],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,45205,45206,45208,45210,45212,45214,45216,45219,45221],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,45207,8211],{"class":100},[94,45209,105],{"class":104},[94,45211,8577],{"class":145},[94,45213,149],{"class":108},[94,45215,332],{"class":331},[94,45217,45218],{"class":335},"Enter your name: ",[94,45220,332],{"class":331},[94,45222,316],{"class":108},[94,45224,45225,45227,45229,45231,45234,45236,45238,45240],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,45226,326],{"class":145},[94,45228,149],{"class":108},[94,45230,332],{"class":331},[94,45232,45233],{"class":335},"Hello, ",[94,45235,332],{"class":331},[94,45237,2811],{"class":104},[94,45239,36319],{"class":152},[94,45241,316],{"class":108},[24,45243,54,45244,45246],{},[15,45245,3314],{}," to get text from the user. It always returns a string.",[45248,45249],"hr",{},[80,45251,215,45253,218],{"id":45252},"what-input-does",[15,45254,3314],{},[24,45256,45257,45259],{},[15,45258,3314],{}," pauses the program and waits for the user to type something.",[24,45261,45262],{},"Here is what happens:",[28,45264,45265,45270,45273,45276],{},[31,45266,45267,45269],{},[15,45268,3314],{}," waits for the user to type",[31,45271,45272],{},"It reads text from the keyboard",[31,45274,45275],{},"It returns the typed value as a string",[31,45277,45278],{},"The program continues after the user presses Enter",[24,45280,2566],{},[85,45282,45284],{"className":87,"code":45283,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\nprint(\"Your favorite color is\", color)\n",[15,45285,45286,45306],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,45287,45288,45291,45293,45295,45297,45299,45302,45304],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,45289,45290],{"class":100},"color ",[94,45292,105],{"class":104},[94,45294,8577],{"class":145},[94,45296,149],{"class":108},[94,45298,332],{"class":331},[94,45300,45301],{"class":335},"What is your favorite color? ",[94,45303,332],{"class":331},[94,45305,316],{"class":108},[94,45307,45308,45310,45312,45314,45317,45319,45321,45323],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,45309,326],{"class":145},[94,45311,149],{"class":108},[94,45313,332],{"class":331},[94,45315,45316],{"class":335},"Your favorite color is",[94,45318,332],{"class":331},[94,45320,116],{"class":108},[94,45322,36179],{"class":152},[94,45324,316],{"class":108},[24,45326,30360],{},[85,45328,45330],{"className":87,"code":45329,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"What is your favorite color? blue\nYour favorite color is blue\n",[15,45331,45332,45345],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,45333,45334,45336,45338,45341,45343],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,45335,215],{"class":100},[94,45337,12519],{"class":104},[94,45339,45340],{"class":100}," your favorite color",[94,45342,2170],{"class":37696},[94,45344,36209],{"class":100},[94,45346,45347,45350,45352],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,45348,45349],{"class":100},"Your favorite color ",[94,45351,12519],{"class":104},[94,45353,36209],{"class":100},[24,45355,20288],{},[28,45357,45358,45363,45368],{},[31,45359,45360,45361],{},"The prompt is ",[15,45362,45301],{},[31,45364,45365,45366],{},"The user's answer is stored in ",[15,45367,33222],{},[31,45369,45370],{},"That value is then printed",[45248,45372],{},[80,45374,2514],{"id":2513},[24,45376,7551],{},[85,45378,45380],{"className":87,"code":45379,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"input(prompt)\n",[15,45381,45382],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,45383,45384,45386,45388,45391],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,45385,42793],{"class":145},[94,45387,149],{"class":108},[94,45389,45390],{"class":152},"prompt",[94,45392,316],{"class":108},[24,45394,11788],{},[28,45396,45397,45401,45404],{},[31,45398,2336,45399,20370],{},[15,45400,45390],{},[31,45402,45403],{},"The prompt appears before the user types",[31,45405,45406],{},"You usually store the result in a variable",[24,45408,45409],{},"Example with a prompt:",[85,45411,45413],{"className":87,"code":45412,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"username = input(\"Enter your username: \")\nprint(username)\n",[15,45414,45415,45434],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,45416,45417,45419,45421,45423,45425,45427,45430,45432],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,45418,8296],{"class":100},[94,45420,105],{"class":104},[94,45422,8577],{"class":145},[94,45424,149],{"class":108},[94,45426,332],{"class":331},[94,45428,45429],{"class":335},"Enter your username: ",[94,45431,332],{"class":331},[94,45433,316],{"class":108},[94,45435,45436,45438,45440,45442],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,45437,326],{"class":145},[94,45439,149],{"class":108},[94,45441,8320],{"class":152},[94,45443,316],{"class":108},[24,45445,45446],{},"Example without a prompt:",[85,45448,45450],{"className":87,"code":45449,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"value = input()\nprint(value)\n",[15,45451,45452,45462],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,45453,45454,45456,45458,45460],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,45455,2804],{"class":100},[94,45457,105],{"class":104},[94,45459,8577],{"class":145},[94,45461,511],{"class":108},[94,45463,45464,45466,45468,45470],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,45465,326],{"class":145},[94,45467,149],{"class":108},[94,45469,2829],{"class":152},[94,45471,316],{"class":108},[24,45473,8096,45474,45476],{},[15,45475,3314],{}," without a prompt, but a clear prompt is usually better. It helps the user know what to enter.",[45248,45478],{},[80,45480,215,45482,2114],{"id":45481},"what-input-returns",[15,45483,3314],{},[24,45485,45486,8560],{},[15,45487,3314],{},[24,45489,45490],{},"That is true even if the user types a number.",[24,45492,2566],{},[85,45494,45496],{"className":87,"code":45495,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"age = input(\"Enter your age: \")\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,45497,45498,45517,45527],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,45499,45500,45502,45504,45506,45508,45510,45513,45515],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,45501,21959],{"class":100},[94,45503,105],{"class":104},[94,45505,8577],{"class":145},[94,45507,149],{"class":108},[94,45509,332],{"class":331},[94,45511,45512],{"class":335},"Enter your age: ",[94,45514,332],{"class":331},[94,45516,316],{"class":108},[94,45518,45519,45521,45523,45525],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,45520,326],{"class":145},[94,45522,149],{"class":108},[94,45524,9631],{"class":152},[94,45526,316],{"class":108},[94,45528,45529,45531,45533,45535,45537,45539],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,45530,326],{"class":145},[94,45532,149],{"class":108},[94,45534,914],{"class":913},[94,45536,149],{"class":108},[94,45538,9631],{"class":152},[94,45540,921],{"class":108},[24,45542,30360],{},[85,45544,45546],{"className":87,"code":45545,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,45547,45548,45558,45562],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,45549,45550,45553,45555],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,45551,45552],{"class":100},"Enter your age",[94,45554,384],{"class":108},[94,45556,45557],{"class":112}," 25\n",[94,45559,45560],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,45561,3064],{"class":112},[94,45563,45564,45566,45568,45570,45572,45574],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,45565,955],{"class":104},[94,45567,959],{"class":958},[94,45569,962],{"class":331},[94,45571,1372],{"class":335},[94,45573,968],{"class":331},[94,45575,971],{"class":104},[24,45577,45578,45579,45581],{},"Even though the user typed ",[15,45580,9526],{},", Python treats it as text.",[24,45583,45584,45585,2167,45589,168],{},"If you need a number, convert it with ",[434,45586,45587],{"href":3231},[15,45588,3234],{},[434,45590,45591],{"href":3237},[15,45592,3240],{},[24,45594,2566],{},[85,45596,45598],{"className":87,"code":45597,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,45599,45600,45623,45633],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,45601,45602,45604,45606,45609,45611,45613,45615,45617,45619,45621],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,45603,21959],{"class":100},[94,45605,105],{"class":104},[94,45607,45608],{"class":913}," int",[94,45610,149],{"class":108},[94,45612,42793],{"class":145},[94,45614,149],{"class":108},[94,45616,332],{"class":331},[94,45618,45512],{"class":335},[94,45620,332],{"class":331},[94,45622,921],{"class":108},[94,45624,45625,45627,45629,45631],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,45626,326],{"class":145},[94,45628,149],{"class":108},[94,45630,9631],{"class":152},[94,45632,316],{"class":108},[94,45634,45635,45637,45639,45641,45643,45645],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,45636,326],{"class":145},[94,45638,149],{"class":108},[94,45640,914],{"class":913},[94,45642,149],{"class":108},[94,45644,9631],{"class":152},[94,45646,921],{"class":108},[24,45648,30360],{},[85,45650,45652],{"className":87,"code":45651,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,45653,45654,45662,45666],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,45655,45656,45658,45660],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,45657,45552],{"class":100},[94,45659,384],{"class":108},[94,45661,45557],{"class":112},[94,45663,45664],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,45665,3064],{"class":112},[94,45667,45668,45670,45672,45674,45676,45678],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,45669,955],{"class":104},[94,45671,959],{"class":958},[94,45673,962],{"class":331},[94,45675,2546],{"class":335},[94,45677,968],{"class":331},[94,45679,971],{"class":104},[45248,45681],{},[80,45683,45685],{"id":45684},"simple-examples-beginners-need","Simple examples beginners need",[265,45687,45689],{"id":45688},"ask-for-a-name-and-print-it","Ask for a name and print it",[85,45691,45693],{"className":87,"code":45692,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"name = input(\"What is your name? \")\nprint(\"Hello,\", name)\n",[15,45694,45695,45714],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,45696,45697,45699,45701,45703,45705,45707,45710,45712],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,45698,8211],{"class":100},[94,45700,105],{"class":104},[94,45702,8577],{"class":145},[94,45704,149],{"class":108},[94,45706,332],{"class":331},[94,45708,45709],{"class":335},"What is your name? ",[94,45711,332],{"class":331},[94,45713,316],{"class":108},[94,45715,45716,45718,45720,45722,45725,45727,45729,45731],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,45717,326],{"class":145},[94,45719,149],{"class":108},[94,45721,332],{"class":331},[94,45723,45724],{"class":335},"Hello,",[94,45726,332],{"class":331},[94,45728,116],{"class":108},[94,45730,36319],{"class":152},[94,45732,316],{"class":108},[24,45734,45735,45736,45738],{},"This stores the user's answer in ",[15,45737,8001],{}," and prints it.",[265,45740,45742,45743],{"id":45741},"ask-for-age-and-convert-it-with-int","Ask for age and convert it with ",[15,45744,3234],{},[85,45746,45748],{"className":87,"code":45747,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"age = int(input(\"How old are you? \"))\nprint(\"Next year you will be\", age + 1)\n",[15,45749,45750,45773],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,45751,45752,45754,45756,45758,45760,45762,45764,45766,45769,45771],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,45753,21959],{"class":100},[94,45755,105],{"class":104},[94,45757,45608],{"class":913},[94,45759,149],{"class":108},[94,45761,42793],{"class":145},[94,45763,149],{"class":108},[94,45765,332],{"class":331},[94,45767,45768],{"class":335},"How old are you? ",[94,45770,332],{"class":331},[94,45772,921],{"class":108},[94,45774,45775,45777,45779,45781,45784,45786,45788,45791,45793,45795],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,45776,326],{"class":145},[94,45778,149],{"class":108},[94,45780,332],{"class":331},[94,45782,45783],{"class":335},"Next year you will be",[94,45785,332],{"class":331},[94,45787,116],{"class":108},[94,45789,45790],{"class":152}," age ",[94,45792,2417],{"class":104},[94,45794,119],{"class":112},[94,45796,316],{"class":108},[24,45798,6392,45799,45801,45802,45804],{},[15,45800,3234],{}," converts the text from ",[15,45803,3314],{}," into a whole number.",[24,45806,45807,45808,168],{},"If you want more help with this step, see ",[434,45809,9314],{"href":9313},[265,45811,45813],{"id":45812},"ask-for-two-numbers-and-add-them-after-conversion","Ask for two numbers and add them after conversion",[85,45815,45817],{"className":87,"code":45816,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"num1 = int(input(\"Enter the first number: \"))\nnum2 = int(input(\"Enter the second number: \"))\ntotal = num1 + num2\n\nprint(\"Total:\", total)\n",[15,45818,45819,45843,45867,45881,45885],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,45820,45821,45824,45826,45828,45830,45832,45834,45836,45839,45841],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,45822,45823],{"class":100},"num1 ",[94,45825,105],{"class":104},[94,45827,45608],{"class":913},[94,45829,149],{"class":108},[94,45831,42793],{"class":145},[94,45833,149],{"class":108},[94,45835,332],{"class":331},[94,45837,45838],{"class":335},"Enter the first number: ",[94,45840,332],{"class":331},[94,45842,921],{"class":108},[94,45844,45845,45848,45850,45852,45854,45856,45858,45860,45863,45865],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,45846,45847],{"class":100},"num2 ",[94,45849,105],{"class":104},[94,45851,45608],{"class":913},[94,45853,149],{"class":108},[94,45855,42793],{"class":145},[94,45857,149],{"class":108},[94,45859,332],{"class":331},[94,45861,45862],{"class":335},"Enter the second number: ",[94,45864,332],{"class":331},[94,45866,921],{"class":108},[94,45868,45869,45871,45873,45876,45878],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,45870,41513],{"class":100},[94,45872,105],{"class":104},[94,45874,45875],{"class":100}," num1 ",[94,45877,2417],{"class":104},[94,45879,45880],{"class":100}," num2\n",[94,45882,45883],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,45884,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,45886,45887,45889,45891,45893,45896,45898,45900,45903],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,45888,326],{"class":145},[94,45890,149],{"class":108},[94,45892,332],{"class":331},[94,45894,45895],{"class":335},"Total:",[94,45897,332],{"class":331},[94,45899,116],{"class":108},[94,45901,45902],{"class":152}," total",[94,45904,316],{"class":108},[24,45906,30360],{},[85,45908,45910],{"className":87,"code":45909,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\nTotal: 5\n",[15,45911,45912,45922,45931],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,45913,45914,45917,45919],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,45915,45916],{"class":100},"Enter the first number",[94,45918,384],{"class":108},[94,45920,45921],{"class":112}," 2\n",[94,45923,45924,45927,45929],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,45925,45926],{"class":100},"Enter the second number",[94,45928,384],{"class":108},[94,45930,2932],{"class":112},[94,45932,45933,45936,45938],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,45934,45935],{"class":100},"Total",[94,45937,384],{"class":108},[94,45939,35171],{"class":112},[24,45941,45942],{},"If you skip the conversion, Python joins the values as strings instead of adding them as numbers.",[24,45944,2566],{},[85,45946,45948],{"className":87,"code":45947,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"num1 = input(\"Enter the first number: \")\nnum2 = input(\"Enter the second number: \")\n\nprint(num1 + num2)\n",[15,45949,45950,45968,45986,45990],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,45951,45952,45954,45956,45958,45960,45962,45964,45966],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,45953,45823],{"class":100},[94,45955,105],{"class":104},[94,45957,8577],{"class":145},[94,45959,149],{"class":108},[94,45961,332],{"class":331},[94,45963,45838],{"class":335},[94,45965,332],{"class":331},[94,45967,316],{"class":108},[94,45969,45970,45972,45974,45976,45978,45980,45982,45984],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,45971,45847],{"class":100},[94,45973,105],{"class":104},[94,45975,8577],{"class":145},[94,45977,149],{"class":108},[94,45979,332],{"class":331},[94,45981,45862],{"class":335},[94,45983,332],{"class":331},[94,45985,316],{"class":108},[94,45987,45988],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,45989,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,45991,45992,45994,45996,45998,46000,46003],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,45993,326],{"class":145},[94,45995,149],{"class":108},[94,45997,45823],{"class":152},[94,45999,2417],{"class":104},[94,46001,46002],{"class":152}," num2",[94,46004,316],{"class":108},[24,46006,30360],{},[85,46008,46010],{"className":87,"code":46009,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\n23\n",[15,46011,46012,46020,46028],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,46013,46014,46016,46018],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,46015,45916],{"class":100},[94,46017,384],{"class":108},[94,46019,45921],{"class":112},[94,46021,46022,46024,46026],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,46023,45926],{"class":100},[94,46025,384],{"class":108},[94,46027,2932],{"class":112},[94,46029,46030],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,46031,46032],{"class":112},"23\n",[24,46034,46035,46036,46039,46040,168],{},"That happens because ",[15,46037,46038],{},"\"2\" + \"3\""," creates ",[15,46041,46042],{},"\"23\"",[45248,46044],{},[80,46046,46048],{"id":46047},"common-beginner-problems","Common beginner problems",[24,46050,46051,46052,168],{},"Beginners often run into the same few issues with ",[15,46053,3314],{},[265,46055,5047,46057,41873],{"id":46056},"forgetting-that-input-returns-a-string",[15,46058,3314],{},[24,46060,39529],{},[85,46062,46064],{"className":87,"code":46063,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,46065,46066,46084],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,46067,46068,46070,46072,46074,46076,46078,46080,46082],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,46069,2804],{"class":100},[94,46071,105],{"class":104},[94,46073,8577],{"class":145},[94,46075,149],{"class":108},[94,46077,332],{"class":331},[94,46079,42202],{"class":335},[94,46081,332],{"class":331},[94,46083,316],{"class":108},[94,46085,46086,46088,46090,46092,46094,46096],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,46087,326],{"class":145},[94,46089,149],{"class":108},[94,46091,914],{"class":913},[94,46093,149],{"class":108},[94,46095,2829],{"class":152},[94,46097,921],{"class":108},[24,46099,371],{},[85,46101,46103],{"className":87,"code":46102,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,46104,46105],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,46106,46107,46109,46111,46113,46115,46117],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,46108,955],{"class":104},[94,46110,959],{"class":958},[94,46112,962],{"class":331},[94,46114,1372],{"class":335},[94,46116,968],{"class":331},[94,46118,971],{"class":104},[24,46120,46121],{},"If you need a number, convert it first.",[265,46123,46125],{"id":46124},"trying-to-add-numbers-without-converting-them","Trying to add numbers without converting them",[24,46127,46128],{},"This gives string joining, not math.",[85,46130,46132],{"className":87,"code":46131,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"a = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nb = input(\"Enter another number: \")\nprint(a + b)\n",[15,46133,46134,46152,46171],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,46135,46136,46138,46140,46142,46144,46146,46148,46150],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,46137,635],{"class":100},[94,46139,105],{"class":104},[94,46141,8577],{"class":145},[94,46143,149],{"class":108},[94,46145,332],{"class":331},[94,46147,42202],{"class":335},[94,46149,332],{"class":331},[94,46151,316],{"class":108},[94,46153,46154,46156,46158,46160,46162,46164,46167,46169],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,46155,2937],{"class":100},[94,46157,105],{"class":104},[94,46159,8577],{"class":145},[94,46161,149],{"class":108},[94,46163,332],{"class":331},[94,46165,46166],{"class":335},"Enter another number: ",[94,46168,332],{"class":331},[94,46170,316],{"class":108},[94,46172,46173,46175,46177,46179,46181,46183],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,46174,326],{"class":145},[94,46176,149],{"class":108},[94,46178,635],{"class":152},[94,46180,2417],{"class":104},[94,46182,2914],{"class":152},[94,46184,316],{"class":108},[24,46186,41451,46187,1139,46189,46191,46192,19294,46195,168],{},[15,46188,857],{},[15,46190,615],{},", the result is ",[15,46193,46194],{},"45",[15,46196,2500],{},[265,46198,46200,46201,46203,46204],{"id":46199},"getting-valueerror-when-converting-invalid-text-to-int","Getting ",[15,46202,41034],{}," when converting invalid text to ",[15,46205,3234],{},[24,46207,2566],{},[85,46209,46211],{"className":87,"code":46210,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n",[15,46212,46213],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,46214,46215,46217,46219,46221,46223,46225,46227,46229,46231,46233],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,46216,21959],{"class":100},[94,46218,105],{"class":104},[94,46220,45608],{"class":913},[94,46222,149],{"class":108},[94,46224,42793],{"class":145},[94,46226,149],{"class":108},[94,46228,332],{"class":331},[94,46230,45512],{"class":335},[94,46232,332],{"class":331},[94,46234,921],{"class":108},[24,46236,8606,46237,46240,46241,168],{},[15,46238,46239],{},"ten",", Python raises a ",[15,46242,41034],{},[24,46244,46245,46246,168],{},"If you see this problem, read ",[434,46247,46249],{"href":46248},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-invalid-literal-for-int-with-base-10-fix\u002F","ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10",[265,46251,46253],{"id":46252},"leaving-extra-spaces-in-user-input","Leaving extra spaces in user input",[24,46255,46256],{},"Users sometimes type extra spaces before or after their answer.",[85,46258,46260],{"className":87,"code":46259,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(repr(name))\n",[15,46261,46262,46280],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,46263,46264,46266,46268,46270,46272,46274,46276,46278],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,46265,8211],{"class":100},[94,46267,105],{"class":104},[94,46269,8577],{"class":145},[94,46271,149],{"class":108},[94,46273,332],{"class":331},[94,46275,45218],{"class":335},[94,46277,332],{"class":331},[94,46279,316],{"class":108},[94,46281,46282,46284,46286,46288,46290,46292],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,46283,326],{"class":145},[94,46285,149],{"class":108},[94,46287,42110],{"class":145},[94,46289,149],{"class":108},[94,46291,8001],{"class":152},[94,46293,921],{"class":108},[24,46295,46296],{},"If the user enters spaces, those spaces become part of the string.",[24,46298,46299,46300,384],{},"You can remove them with ",[15,46301,46302],{},".strip()",[85,46304,46306],{"className":87,"code":46305,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \").strip()\nprint(name)\n",[15,46307,46308,46330],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,46309,46310,46312,46314,46316,46318,46320,46322,46324,46326,46328],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,46311,8211],{"class":100},[94,46313,105],{"class":104},[94,46315,8577],{"class":145},[94,46317,149],{"class":108},[94,46319,332],{"class":331},[94,46321,45218],{"class":335},[94,46323,332],{"class":331},[94,46325,8965],{"class":108},[94,46327,8968],{"class":152},[94,46329,511],{"class":108},[94,46331,46332,46334,46336,46338],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,46333,326],{"class":145},[94,46335,149],{"class":108},[94,46337,8001],{"class":152},[94,46339,316],{"class":108},[45248,46341],{},[80,46343,46345],{"id":46344},"helpful-tips","Helpful tips",[24,46347,46348,46349,46351],{},"These habits make ",[15,46350,3314],{}," easier and safer to use.",[28,46353,46354,46357,46362,46365],{},[31,46355,46356],{},"Use clear prompts so users know what to enter",[31,46358,54,46359,46361],{},[15,46360,46302],{}," to remove extra spaces when needed",[31,46363,46364],{},"Validate input before using it in larger programs",[31,46366,54,46367,46369],{},[15,46368,30112],{}," when converting input to numbers",[24,46371,46372,46373,384],{},"Example with ",[15,46374,46302],{},[85,46376,46378],{"className":87,"code":46377,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"city = input(\"Enter your city: \").strip()\nprint(\"City:\", city)\n",[15,46379,46380,46404],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,46381,46382,46385,46387,46389,46391,46393,46396,46398,46400,46402],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,46383,46384],{"class":100},"city ",[94,46386,105],{"class":104},[94,46388,8577],{"class":145},[94,46390,149],{"class":108},[94,46392,332],{"class":331},[94,46394,46395],{"class":335},"Enter your city: ",[94,46397,332],{"class":331},[94,46399,8965],{"class":108},[94,46401,8968],{"class":152},[94,46403,511],{"class":108},[94,46405,46406,46408,46410,46412,46415,46417,46419,46421],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,46407,326],{"class":145},[94,46409,149],{"class":108},[94,46411,332],{"class":331},[94,46413,46414],{"class":335},"City:",[94,46416,332],{"class":331},[94,46418,116],{"class":108},[94,46420,31716],{"class":152},[94,46422,316],{"class":108},[24,46424,46372,46425,384],{},[15,46426,30112],{},[85,46428,46430],{"className":87,"code":46429,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"try:\n    age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n    print(\"You will be\", age + 1, \"next year\")\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Please enter a whole number.\")\n",[15,46431,46432,46438,46461,46493,46501],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,46433,46434,46436],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,46435,30134],{"class":4221},[94,46437,6726],{"class":108},[94,46439,46440,46443,46445,46447,46449,46451,46453,46455,46457,46459],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,46441,46442],{"class":100},"    age ",[94,46444,105],{"class":104},[94,46446,45608],{"class":913},[94,46448,149],{"class":108},[94,46450,42793],{"class":145},[94,46452,149],{"class":108},[94,46454,332],{"class":331},[94,46456,45512],{"class":335},[94,46458,332],{"class":331},[94,46460,921],{"class":108},[94,46462,46463,46465,46467,46469,46472,46474,46476,46478,46480,46482,46484,46486,46489,46491],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,46464,8404],{"class":145},[94,46466,149],{"class":108},[94,46468,332],{"class":331},[94,46470,46471],{"class":335},"You will be",[94,46473,332],{"class":331},[94,46475,116],{"class":108},[94,46477,45790],{"class":152},[94,46479,2417],{"class":104},[94,46481,119],{"class":112},[94,46483,116],{"class":108},[94,46485,1040],{"class":331},[94,46487,46488],{"class":335},"next year",[94,46490,332],{"class":331},[94,46492,316],{"class":108},[94,46494,46495,46497,46499],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,46496,30165],{"class":4221},[94,46498,42257],{"class":913},[94,46500,6726],{"class":108},[94,46502,46503,46505,46507,46509,46512,46514],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,46504,8404],{"class":145},[94,46506,149],{"class":108},[94,46508,332],{"class":331},[94,46510,46511],{"class":335},"Please enter a whole number.",[94,46513,332],{"class":331},[94,46515,316],{"class":108},[24,46517,46518],{},"This prevents the program from crashing when the user enters invalid text.",[24,46520,46521,46522,168],{},"If you are new to interactive programs, see ",[434,46523,46525],{"href":46524},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-user-input-in-python\u002F","how to get user input in Python",[45248,46527],{},[80,46529,3186],{"id":3185},[24,46531,46532,46533,384],{},"These are the most common causes of problems when using ",[15,46534,3314],{},[28,46536,46537,46544,46547,46550],{},[31,46538,46539,46540,2167,46542],{},"Treating user input as a number without using ",[15,46541,3234],{},[15,46543,3240],{},[31,46545,46546],{},"Concatenating strings and numbers together incorrectly",[31,46548,46549],{},"Entering non-numeric text when the program expects a number",[31,46551,46552],{},"Assuming pressing Enter gives a number instead of an empty string",[24,46554,32414],{},[85,46556,46558],{"className":87,"code":46557,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,46559,46560,46570,46584],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,46561,46562,46564,46566,46568],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,46563,326],{"class":145},[94,46565,149],{"class":108},[94,46567,2829],{"class":152},[94,46569,316],{"class":108},[94,46571,46572,46574,46576,46578,46580,46582],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,46573,326],{"class":145},[94,46575,149],{"class":108},[94,46577,914],{"class":913},[94,46579,149],{"class":108},[94,46581,2829],{"class":152},[94,46583,921],{"class":108},[94,46585,46586,46588,46590,46592,46594,46596],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,46587,326],{"class":145},[94,46589,149],{"class":108},[94,46591,42110],{"class":145},[94,46593,149],{"class":108},[94,46595,2829],{"class":152},[94,46597,921],{"class":108},[24,46599,46600,46601,46603],{},"These help you inspect what ",[15,46602,3314],{}," actually returned:",[28,46605,46606,46611,46616],{},[31,46607,46608,46610],{},[15,46609,42158],{}," shows the value",[31,46612,46613,46615],{},[15,46614,42164],{}," shows the data type",[31,46617,46618,46620],{},[15,46619,42169],{}," shows hidden spaces and special characters",[24,46622,2566],{},[85,46624,46626],{"className":87,"code":46625,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,46627,46628,46647,46657,46671],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,46629,46630,46632,46634,46636,46638,46640,46643,46645],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,46631,2804],{"class":100},[94,46633,105],{"class":104},[94,46635,8577],{"class":145},[94,46637,149],{"class":108},[94,46639,332],{"class":331},[94,46641,46642],{"class":335},"Enter something: ",[94,46644,332],{"class":331},[94,46646,316],{"class":108},[94,46648,46649,46651,46653,46655],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,46650,326],{"class":145},[94,46652,149],{"class":108},[94,46654,2829],{"class":152},[94,46656,316],{"class":108},[94,46658,46659,46661,46663,46665,46667,46669],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,46660,326],{"class":145},[94,46662,149],{"class":108},[94,46664,914],{"class":913},[94,46666,149],{"class":108},[94,46668,2829],{"class":152},[94,46670,921],{"class":108},[94,46672,46673,46675,46677,46679,46681,46683],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,46674,326],{"class":145},[94,46676,149],{"class":108},[94,46678,42110],{"class":145},[94,46680,149],{"class":108},[94,46682,2829],{"class":152},[94,46684,921],{"class":108},[45248,46686],{},[80,46688,2160],{"id":2159},[265,46690,13029,46692,46694],{"id":46691},"does-input-return-an-integer",[15,46693,3314],{}," return an integer?",[24,46696,2207,46697,46699,46700,2214],{},[15,46698,3314],{}," always returns a string. Convert it with ",[15,46701,3234],{},[265,46703,46705,46706,2170],{"id":46704},"is-the-prompt-required-in-input","Is the prompt required in ",[15,46707,3314],{},[24,46709,46710,46711,46713],{},"No. You can call ",[15,46712,3314],{}," with no prompt, but prompts help users know what to type.",[265,46715,2179,46717,46720,46721,2170],{"id":46716},"why-does-2-3-not-work-correctly-with-input",[15,46718,46719],{},"2 + 3"," not work correctly with ",[15,46722,3314],{},[24,46724,29392,46725,46727,46728,1631,46730,46732],{},[15,46726,3314],{}," returns strings. ",[15,46729,46038],{},[15,46731,46042],{}," unless you convert both values to numbers.",[265,46734,46736],{"id":46735},"how-do-i-remove-spaces-from-input","How do I remove spaces from input?",[24,46738,54,46739,46741,46742,168],{},[15,46740,46302],{}," on the returned string, such as ",[15,46743,46744],{},"input(\"Name: \").strip()",[45248,46746],{},[80,46748,2232],{"id":2231},[28,46750,46751,46756,46760,46766,46772,46776],{},[31,46752,46753],{},[434,46754,46755],{"href":46524},"How to get user input in Python",[31,46757,46758],{},[434,46759,9391],{"href":9313},[31,46761,46762],{},[434,46763,13,46764,439],{"href":3231},[15,46765,3234],{},[31,46767,46768],{},[434,46769,13,46770,439],{"href":3237},[15,46771,3240],{},[31,46773,46774],{},[434,46775,46249],{"href":46248},[31,46777,46778],{},[434,46779,13,46781,439],{"href":46780},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained\u002F",[15,46782,46783],{},"print()",[2260,46785,46786],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":90,"searchDepth":130,"depth":130,"links":46788},[46789,46790,46792,46793,46795,46801,46809,46810,46811,46820],{"id":2360,"depth":130,"text":2361},{"id":45252,"depth":130,"text":46791},"What input() does",{"id":2513,"depth":130,"text":2514},{"id":45481,"depth":130,"text":46794},"What input() returns",{"id":45684,"depth":130,"text":45685,"children":46796},[46797,46798,46800],{"id":45688,"depth":137,"text":45689},{"id":45741,"depth":137,"text":46799},"Ask for age and convert it with int()",{"id":45812,"depth":137,"text":45813},{"id":46047,"depth":130,"text":46048,"children":46802},[46803,46805,46806,46808],{"id":46056,"depth":137,"text":46804},"Forgetting that input() returns a string",{"id":46124,"depth":137,"text":46125},{"id":46199,"depth":137,"text":46807},"Getting ValueError when converting invalid text to int()",{"id":46252,"depth":137,"text":46253},{"id":46344,"depth":130,"text":46345},{"id":3185,"depth":130,"text":3186},{"id":2159,"depth":130,"text":2160,"children":46812},[46813,46815,46817,46819],{"id":46691,"depth":137,"text":46814},"Does input() return an integer?",{"id":46704,"depth":137,"text":46816},"Is the prompt required in input()?",{"id":46716,"depth":137,"text":46818},"Why does 2 + 3 not work correctly with input()?",{"id":46735,"depth":137,"text":46736},{"id":2231,"depth":130,"text":2232},"Master python input function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained",{"title":42524,"description":46821},"reference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained","mgCYTLqY7_xdXYb-uIqvqqWNrZiPlmc9q8zaEr1fEyw",{"id":46828,"title":42427,"body":46829,"description":49142,"extension":2319,"meta":49143,"navigation":133,"path":49144,"seo":49145,"stem":49146,"__hash__":49147},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":46830,"toc":49094},[46831,46836,46841,46846,46867,46870,46872,46932,46934,46953,46958,46963,46968,46970,46983,46985,47068,47070,47111,47117,47119,47149,47155,47158,47175,47177,47229,47231,47249,47255,47261,47264,47282,47284,47357,47359,47378,47385,47391,47396,47399,47459,47461,47480,47483,47486,47501,47507,47511,47572,47574,47595,47599,47728,47730,47860,47870,47876,47882,47890,47956,47958,47983,47986,48003,48016,48022,48025,48058,48060,48073,48076,48119,48121,48129,48136,48140,48147,48151,48178,48180,48188,48194,48211,48216,48220,48247,48249,48257,48261,48266,48269,48295,48298,48307,48315,48319,48329,48333,48336,48338,48389,48391,48421,48431,48458,48460,48468,48478,48482,48485,48487,48535,48537,48581,48587,48638,48640,48659,48664,48669,48672,48691,48694,48746,48748,48757,48759,48763,48767,48770,48779,48786,48788,48815,48819,48821,48830,48833,48840,48846,48906,48910,48912,48920,48923,48949,48955,48958,48978,48980,48989,48997,48999,49005,49010,49017,49027,49033,49041,49045,49048,49050,49091],[10,46832,13,46834,3930],{"id":46833},"python-int-function-explained",[15,46835,3234],{},[24,46837,32648,46838,46840],{},[15,46839,3234],{}," function converts a value into an integer.",[24,46842,35733,46843,46845],{},[15,46844,3234],{}," when they want to:",[28,46847,46848,46858,46861,46864],{},[31,46849,46850,46851,46854,46855],{},"turn text like ",[15,46852,46853],{},"\"42\""," into the number ",[15,46856,46857],{},"42",[31,46859,46860],{},"convert user input into a whole number",[31,46862,46863],{},"remove the decimal part from a float",[31,46865,46866],{},"read numbers written in binary or hexadecimal",[24,46868,46869],{},"It is a built-in function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[80,46871,2361],{"id":2360},[85,46873,46875],{"className":87,"code":46874,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(int(\"42\"))\nprint(int(3.9))\nprint(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,46876,46877,46895,46909],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,46878,46879,46881,46883,46885,46887,46889,46891,46893],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,46880,326],{"class":145},[94,46882,149],{"class":108},[94,46884,2546],{"class":913},[94,46886,149],{"class":108},[94,46888,332],{"class":331},[94,46890,46857],{"class":335},[94,46892,332],{"class":331},[94,46894,921],{"class":108},[94,46896,46897,46899,46901,46903,46905,46907],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,46898,326],{"class":145},[94,46900,149],{"class":108},[94,46902,2546],{"class":913},[94,46904,149],{"class":108},[94,46906,42315],{"class":112},[94,46908,921],{"class":108},[94,46910,46911,46913,46915,46917,46919,46921,46924,46926,46928,46930],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,46912,326],{"class":145},[94,46914,149],{"class":108},[94,46916,2546],{"class":913},[94,46918,149],{"class":108},[94,46920,332],{"class":331},[94,46922,46923],{"class":335},"101",[94,46925,332],{"class":331},[94,46927,116],{"class":108},[94,46929,124],{"class":112},[94,46931,921],{"class":108},[24,46933,371],{},[85,46935,46937],{"className":87,"code":46936,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"42\n3\n5\n",[15,46938,46939,46944,46949],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,46940,46941],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,46942,46943],{"class":112},"42\n",[94,46945,46946],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,46947,46948],{"class":112},"3\n",[94,46950,46951],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,46952,3303],{"class":112},[24,46954,54,46955,46957],{},[15,46956,3234],{}," to convert a number-like value to an integer. Strings must contain a valid whole number unless you also provide a base.",[80,46959,215,46961,218],{"id":46960},"what-int-does",[15,46962,3234],{},[24,46964,46965,46967],{},[15,46966,3234],{}," converts a value into an integer.",[24,46969,13378],{},[28,46971,46972,46977,46980],{},[31,46973,46974,46975,7673],{},"It can turn strings, floats, and booleans into ",[15,46976,2546],{},[31,46978,46979],{},"It returns a new integer value.",[31,46981,46982],{},"It does not change the original object.",[24,46984,2566],{},[85,46986,46988],{"className":87,"code":46987,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"25\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,46989,46990,47002,47016,47020,47030,47040,47054],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,46991,46992,46994,46996,46998,47000],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,46993,1803],{"class":100},[94,46995,105],{"class":104},[94,46997,1040],{"class":331},[94,46999,9526],{"class":335},[94,47001,1812],{"class":331},[94,47003,47004,47006,47008,47010,47012,47014],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,47005,2576],{"class":100},[94,47007,105],{"class":104},[94,47009,45608],{"class":913},[94,47011,149],{"class":108},[94,47013,1817],{"class":152},[94,47015,316],{"class":108},[94,47017,47018],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,47019,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,47021,47022,47024,47026,47028],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,47023,326],{"class":145},[94,47025,149],{"class":108},[94,47027,1817],{"class":152},[94,47029,316],{"class":108},[94,47031,47032,47034,47036,47038],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,47033,326],{"class":145},[94,47035,149],{"class":108},[94,47037,2598],{"class":152},[94,47039,316],{"class":108},[94,47041,47042,47044,47046,47048,47050,47052],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,47043,326],{"class":145},[94,47045,149],{"class":108},[94,47047,914],{"class":913},[94,47049,149],{"class":108},[94,47051,1817],{"class":152},[94,47053,921],{"class":108},[94,47055,47056,47058,47060,47062,47064,47066],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,47057,326],{"class":145},[94,47059,149],{"class":108},[94,47061,914],{"class":913},[94,47063,149],{"class":108},[94,47065,2598],{"class":152},[94,47067,921],{"class":108},[24,47069,371],{},[85,47071,47073],{"className":87,"code":47072,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,47074,47075,47079,47083,47097],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,47076,47077],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,47078,3064],{"class":112},[94,47080,47081],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,47082,3064],{"class":112},[94,47084,47085,47087,47089,47091,47093,47095],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,47086,955],{"class":104},[94,47088,959],{"class":958},[94,47090,962],{"class":331},[94,47092,1372],{"class":335},[94,47094,968],{"class":331},[94,47096,971],{"class":104},[94,47098,47099,47101,47103,47105,47107,47109],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,47100,955],{"class":104},[94,47102,959],{"class":958},[94,47104,962],{"class":331},[94,47106,2546],{"class":335},[94,47108,968],{"class":331},[94,47110,971],{"class":104},[24,47112,47113,47114,47116],{},"The original string stays a string. ",[15,47115,3234],{}," creates a new integer from it.",[80,47118,2514],{"id":2513},[85,47120,47122],{"className":87,"code":47121,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"int(x)\nint(x, base)\n",[15,47123,47124,47134],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,47125,47126,47128,47130,47132],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,47127,2546],{"class":913},[94,47129,149],{"class":108},[94,47131,2531],{"class":152},[94,47133,316],{"class":108},[94,47135,47136,47138,47140,47142,47144,47147],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,47137,2546],{"class":913},[94,47139,149],{"class":108},[94,47141,2531],{"class":152},[94,47143,116],{"class":108},[94,47145,47146],{"class":152}," base",[94,47148,316],{"class":108},[265,47150,47152],{"id":47151},"intx",[15,47153,47154],{},"int(x)",[24,47156,47157],{},"Use this form when you want to convert a value like:",[28,47159,47160,47165,47170],{},[31,47161,47162,47163],{},"a string such as ",[15,47164,42457],{},[31,47166,47167,47168],{},"a float such as ",[15,47169,42315],{},[31,47171,47172,47173],{},"a boolean such as ",[15,47174,1225],{},[24,47176,2566],{},[85,47178,47180],{"className":87,"code":47179,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(int(\"10\"))\nprint(int(8.7))\nprint(int(True))\n",[15,47181,47182,47200,47215],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,47183,47184,47186,47188,47190,47192,47194,47196,47198],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,47185,326],{"class":145},[94,47187,149],{"class":108},[94,47189,2546],{"class":913},[94,47191,149],{"class":108},[94,47193,332],{"class":331},[94,47195,2688],{"class":335},[94,47197,332],{"class":331},[94,47199,921],{"class":108},[94,47201,47202,47204,47206,47208,47210,47213],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,47203,326],{"class":145},[94,47205,149],{"class":108},[94,47207,2546],{"class":913},[94,47209,149],{"class":108},[94,47211,47212],{"class":112},"8.7",[94,47214,921],{"class":108},[94,47216,47217,47219,47221,47223,47225,47227],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,47218,326],{"class":145},[94,47220,149],{"class":108},[94,47222,2546],{"class":913},[94,47224,149],{"class":108},[94,47226,1225],{"class":1224},[94,47228,921],{"class":108},[24,47230,371],{},[85,47232,47234],{"className":87,"code":47233,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"10\n8\n1\n",[15,47235,47236,47240,47244],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,47237,47238],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,47239,2734],{"class":112},[94,47241,47242],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,47243,2739],{"class":112},[94,47245,47246],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,47247,47248],{"class":112},"1\n",[265,47250,47252],{"id":47251},"intx-base",[15,47253,47254],{},"int(x, base)",[24,47256,47257,47258,47260],{},"Use this form when ",[15,47259,2531],{}," is a string that represents a number in another base.",[24,47262,47263],{},"Common bases:",[28,47265,47266,47271,47276],{},[31,47267,47268,47270],{},[15,47269,763],{}," for binary",[31,47272,47273,47275],{},[15,47274,2703],{}," for octal",[31,47277,47278,47281],{},[15,47279,47280],{},"16"," for hexadecimal",[24,47283,2566],{},[85,47285,47287],{"className":87,"code":47286,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\nprint(int(\"17\", 8))\nprint(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,47288,47289,47311,47334],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,47290,47291,47293,47295,47297,47299,47301,47303,47305,47307,47309],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,47292,326],{"class":145},[94,47294,149],{"class":108},[94,47296,2546],{"class":913},[94,47298,149],{"class":108},[94,47300,332],{"class":331},[94,47302,46923],{"class":335},[94,47304,332],{"class":331},[94,47306,116],{"class":108},[94,47308,124],{"class":112},[94,47310,921],{"class":108},[94,47312,47313,47315,47317,47319,47321,47323,47326,47328,47330,47332],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,47314,326],{"class":145},[94,47316,149],{"class":108},[94,47318,2546],{"class":913},[94,47320,149],{"class":108},[94,47322,332],{"class":331},[94,47324,47325],{"class":335},"17",[94,47327,332],{"class":331},[94,47329,116],{"class":108},[94,47331,6692],{"class":112},[94,47333,921],{"class":108},[94,47335,47336,47338,47340,47342,47344,47346,47349,47351,47353,47355],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,47337,326],{"class":145},[94,47339,149],{"class":108},[94,47341,2546],{"class":913},[94,47343,149],{"class":108},[94,47345,332],{"class":331},[94,47347,47348],{"class":335},"1A",[94,47350,332],{"class":331},[94,47352,116],{"class":108},[94,47354,14315],{"class":112},[94,47356,921],{"class":108},[24,47358,371],{},[85,47360,47362],{"className":87,"code":47361,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"5\n15\n26\n",[15,47363,47364,47368,47373],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,47365,47366],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,47367,3303],{"class":112},[94,47369,47370],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,47371,47372],{"class":112},"15\n",[94,47374,47375],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,47376,47377],{"class":112},"26\n",[24,47379,47380,47381,168],{},"If you want to compare integer conversion with decimal conversion, see the ",[434,47382,47383,2660],{"href":3237},[15,47384,3240],{},[80,47386,1484,47388,47390],{"id":47387},"using-int-with-strings",[15,47389,3234],{}," with strings",[24,47392,47393,47395],{},[15,47394,3234],{}," works with strings that contain a valid integer.",[24,47397,47398],{},"Examples that work:",[85,47400,47402],{"className":87,"code":47401,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(int(\"5\"))\nprint(int(\"-12\"))\nprint(int(\"  42  \"))\n",[15,47403,47404,47422,47440],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,47405,47406,47408,47410,47412,47414,47416,47418,47420],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,47407,326],{"class":145},[94,47409,149],{"class":108},[94,47411,2546],{"class":913},[94,47413,149],{"class":108},[94,47415,332],{"class":331},[94,47417,615],{"class":335},[94,47419,332],{"class":331},[94,47421,921],{"class":108},[94,47423,47424,47426,47428,47430,47432,47434,47436,47438],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,47425,326],{"class":145},[94,47427,149],{"class":108},[94,47429,2546],{"class":913},[94,47431,149],{"class":108},[94,47433,332],{"class":331},[94,47435,2649],{"class":335},[94,47437,332],{"class":331},[94,47439,921],{"class":108},[94,47441,47442,47444,47446,47448,47450,47452,47455,47457],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,47443,326],{"class":145},[94,47445,149],{"class":108},[94,47447,2546],{"class":913},[94,47449,149],{"class":108},[94,47451,332],{"class":331},[94,47453,47454],{"class":335},"  42  ",[94,47456,332],{"class":331},[94,47458,921],{"class":108},[24,47460,371],{},[85,47462,47464],{"className":87,"code":47463,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"5\n-12\n42\n",[15,47465,47466,47470,47476],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,47467,47468],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,47469,3303],{"class":112},[94,47471,47472,47474],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,47473,2380],{"class":104},[94,47475,2584],{"class":112},[94,47477,47478],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,47479,46943],{"class":112},[24,47481,47482],{},"This works because each string contains valid whole-number text. Leading and trailing spaces are usually allowed.",[24,47484,47485],{},"Examples that fail:",[85,47487,47489],{"className":87,"code":47488,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[15,47490,47491,47496],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,47492,47493],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,47494,47495],{"class":159},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n",[94,47497,47498],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,47499,47500],{"class":159},"# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[24,47502,47503,47504,47506],{},"These raise ",[15,47505,41034],{}," because the strings are not valid integer text.",[265,47508,47510],{"id":47509},"valid-string-examples","Valid string examples",[85,47512,47514],{"className":87,"code":47513,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(int(\"0\"))\nprint(int(\"+7\"))\nprint(int(\"-100\"))\n",[15,47515,47516,47534,47553],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,47517,47518,47520,47522,47524,47526,47528,47530,47532],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,47519,326],{"class":145},[94,47521,149],{"class":108},[94,47523,2546],{"class":913},[94,47525,149],{"class":108},[94,47527,332],{"class":331},[94,47529,2476],{"class":335},[94,47531,332],{"class":331},[94,47533,921],{"class":108},[94,47535,47536,47538,47540,47542,47544,47546,47549,47551],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,47537,326],{"class":145},[94,47539,149],{"class":108},[94,47541,2546],{"class":913},[94,47543,149],{"class":108},[94,47545,332],{"class":331},[94,47547,47548],{"class":335},"+7",[94,47550,332],{"class":331},[94,47552,921],{"class":108},[94,47554,47555,47557,47559,47561,47563,47565,47568,47570],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,47556,326],{"class":145},[94,47558,149],{"class":108},[94,47560,2546],{"class":913},[94,47562,149],{"class":108},[94,47564,332],{"class":331},[94,47566,47567],{"class":335},"-100",[94,47569,332],{"class":331},[94,47571,921],{"class":108},[24,47573,371],{},[85,47575,47577],{"className":87,"code":47576,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"0\n7\n-100\n",[15,47578,47579,47584,47588],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,47580,47581],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,47582,47583],{"class":112},"0\n",[94,47585,47586],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,47587,2436],{"class":112},[94,47589,47590,47592],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,47591,2380],{"class":104},[94,47593,47594],{"class":112},"100\n",[265,47596,47598],{"id":47597},"invalid-string-examples","Invalid string examples",[85,47600,47602],{"className":87,"code":47601,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"values = [\"3.14\", \"12abc\", \"\", \"seven\"]\n\nfor value in values:\n    try:\n        print(int(value))\n    except ValueError as error:\n        print(f\"{value!r} -> {error}\")\n",[15,47603,47604,47642,47646,47658,47665,47680,47695],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,47605,47606,47608,47610,47612,47614,47616,47618,47620,47622,47625,47627,47629,47631,47633,47635,47638,47640],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,47607,4167],{"class":100},[94,47609,105],{"class":104},[94,47611,109],{"class":108},[94,47613,332],{"class":331},[94,47615,40473],{"class":335},[94,47617,332],{"class":331},[94,47619,116],{"class":108},[94,47621,1040],{"class":331},[94,47623,47624],{"class":335},"12abc",[94,47626,332],{"class":331},[94,47628,116],{"class":108},[94,47630,6458],{"class":331},[94,47632,116],{"class":108},[94,47634,1040],{"class":331},[94,47636,47637],{"class":335},"seven",[94,47639,332],{"class":331},[94,47641,127],{"class":108},[94,47643,47644],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,47645,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,47647,47648,47650,47652,47654,47656],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,47649,6289],{"class":4221},[94,47651,21915],{"class":100},[94,47653,4228],{"class":4221},[94,47655,4231],{"class":100},[94,47657,6726],{"class":108},[94,47659,47660,47663],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,47661,47662],{"class":4221},"    try",[94,47664,6726],{"class":108},[94,47666,47667,47670,47672,47674,47676,47678],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,47668,47669],{"class":145},"        print",[94,47671,149],{"class":108},[94,47673,2546],{"class":913},[94,47675,149],{"class":108},[94,47677,2829],{"class":152},[94,47679,921],{"class":108},[94,47681,47682,47685,47687,47690,47693],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,47683,47684],{"class":4221},"    except",[94,47686,42257],{"class":913},[94,47688,47689],{"class":4221}," as",[94,47691,47692],{"class":100}," error",[94,47694,6726],{"class":108},[94,47696,47697,47699,47701,47703,47705,47707,47709,47712,47714,47717,47719,47722,47724,47726],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,47698,47669],{"class":145},[94,47700,149],{"class":108},[94,47702,22625],{"class":958},[94,47704,332],{"class":335},[94,47706,9610],{"class":112},[94,47708,2829],{"class":152},[94,47710,47711],{"class":958},"!r",[94,47713,22634],{"class":112},[94,47715,47716],{"class":335}," -> ",[94,47718,9610],{"class":112},[94,47720,47721],{"class":152},"error",[94,47723,22634],{"class":112},[94,47725,332],{"class":335},[94,47727,316],{"class":108},[24,47729,371],{},[85,47731,47733],{"className":87,"code":47732,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"'3.14' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n'12abc' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '12abc'\n'' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: ''\n'seven' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'seven'\n",[15,47734,47735,47771,47803,47828],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,47736,47737,47739,47741,47743,47746,47749,47751,47753,47755,47758,47761,47763,47765,47767,47769],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,47738,968],{"class":43659},[94,47740,40473],{"class":43663},[94,47742,968],{"class":43659},[94,47744,47745],{"class":37696}," ->",[94,47747,47748],{"class":100}," invalid literal ",[94,47750,6289],{"class":4221},[94,47752,45608],{"class":913},[94,47754,174],{"class":108},[94,47756,47757],{"class":4221}," with",[94,47759,47760],{"class":100}," base ",[94,47762,2688],{"class":112},[94,47764,384],{"class":108},[94,47766,962],{"class":331},[94,47768,40473],{"class":335},[94,47770,30030],{"class":331},[94,47772,47773,47775,47777,47779,47781,47783,47785,47787,47789,47791,47793,47795,47797,47799,47801],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,47774,968],{"class":331},[94,47776,47624],{"class":335},[94,47778,968],{"class":331},[94,47780,47745],{"class":37696},[94,47782,47748],{"class":100},[94,47784,6289],{"class":4221},[94,47786,45608],{"class":913},[94,47788,174],{"class":108},[94,47790,47757],{"class":4221},[94,47792,47760],{"class":100},[94,47794,2688],{"class":112},[94,47796,384],{"class":108},[94,47798,962],{"class":331},[94,47800,47624],{"class":335},[94,47802,30030],{"class":331},[94,47804,47805,47807,47809,47811,47813,47815,47817,47819,47821,47823,47825],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,47806,4118],{"class":331},[94,47808,47745],{"class":37696},[94,47810,47748],{"class":100},[94,47812,6289],{"class":4221},[94,47814,45608],{"class":913},[94,47816,174],{"class":108},[94,47818,47757],{"class":4221},[94,47820,47760],{"class":100},[94,47822,2688],{"class":112},[94,47824,384],{"class":108},[94,47826,47827],{"class":331}," ''\n",[94,47829,47830,47832,47834,47836,47838,47840,47842,47844,47846,47848,47850,47852,47854,47856,47858],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,47831,968],{"class":331},[94,47833,47637],{"class":335},[94,47835,968],{"class":331},[94,47837,47745],{"class":37696},[94,47839,47748],{"class":100},[94,47841,6289],{"class":4221},[94,47843,45608],{"class":913},[94,47845,174],{"class":108},[94,47847,47757],{"class":4221},[94,47849,47760],{"class":100},[94,47851,2688],{"class":112},[94,47853,384],{"class":108},[94,47855,962],{"class":331},[94,47857,47637],{"class":335},[94,47859,30030],{"class":331},[24,47861,47862,47863,47865,47866,168],{},"If you are working with user input, see ",[434,47864,9314],{"href":9313}," and the ",[434,47867,47868,2660],{"href":8554},[15,47869,3314],{},[80,47871,1484,47873,47875],{"id":47872},"using-int-with-floats",[15,47874,3234],{}," with floats",[24,47877,47878,47879,47881],{},"When you pass a float to ",[15,47880,3234],{},", Python removes the decimal part.",[24,47883,47884,47885,14381,47887,47889],{},"Important: ",[15,47886,3234],{},[43,47888,45],{}," round. It truncates toward zero.",[85,47891,47893],{"className":87,"code":47892,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(int(3.9))\nprint(int(3.1))\nprint(int(-3.9))\nprint(int(-3.1))\n",[15,47894,47895,47909,47924,47940],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,47896,47897,47899,47901,47903,47905,47907],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,47898,326],{"class":145},[94,47900,149],{"class":108},[94,47902,2546],{"class":913},[94,47904,149],{"class":108},[94,47906,42315],{"class":112},[94,47908,921],{"class":108},[94,47910,47911,47913,47915,47917,47919,47922],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,47912,326],{"class":145},[94,47914,149],{"class":108},[94,47916,2546],{"class":913},[94,47918,149],{"class":108},[94,47920,47921],{"class":112},"3.1",[94,47923,921],{"class":108},[94,47925,47926,47928,47930,47932,47934,47936,47938],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,47927,326],{"class":145},[94,47929,149],{"class":108},[94,47931,2546],{"class":913},[94,47933,149],{"class":108},[94,47935,2380],{"class":104},[94,47937,42315],{"class":112},[94,47939,921],{"class":108},[94,47941,47942,47944,47946,47948,47950,47952,47954],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,47943,326],{"class":145},[94,47945,149],{"class":108},[94,47947,2546],{"class":913},[94,47949,149],{"class":108},[94,47951,2380],{"class":104},[94,47953,47921],{"class":112},[94,47955,921],{"class":108},[24,47957,371],{},[85,47959,47961],{"className":87,"code":47960,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"3\n3\n-3\n-3\n",[15,47962,47963,47967,47971,47977],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,47964,47965],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,47966,46948],{"class":112},[94,47968,47969],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,47970,46948],{"class":112},[94,47972,47973,47975],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,47974,2380],{"class":104},[94,47976,46948],{"class":112},[94,47978,47979,47981],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,47980,2380],{"class":104},[94,47982,46948],{"class":112},[24,47984,47985],{},"This behavior matters with negative numbers.",[28,47987,47988,47995],{},[31,47989,47990,1631,47993],{},[15,47991,47992],{},"int(3.9)",[15,47994,113],{},[31,47996,47997,1631,48000],{},[15,47998,47999],{},"int(-3.9)",[15,48001,48002],{},"-3",[24,48004,48005,48006,48010,48011,168],{},"If you want decimal conversion instead, use ",[434,48007,48008],{"href":3237},[15,48009,3240],{},". If you want text conversion, use ",[434,48012,48013],{"href":42505},[15,48014,48015],{},"str()",[80,48017,1484,48019,48021],{"id":48018},"using-int-with-booleans",[15,48020,3234],{}," with booleans",[24,48023,48024],{},"Booleans can also be converted to integers.",[85,48026,48028],{"className":87,"code":48027,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(int(True))\nprint(int(False))\n",[15,48029,48030,48044],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,48031,48032,48034,48036,48038,48040,48042],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,48033,326],{"class":145},[94,48035,149],{"class":108},[94,48037,2546],{"class":913},[94,48039,149],{"class":108},[94,48041,1225],{"class":1224},[94,48043,921],{"class":108},[94,48045,48046,48048,48050,48052,48054,48056],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,48047,326],{"class":145},[94,48049,149],{"class":108},[94,48051,2546],{"class":913},[94,48053,149],{"class":108},[94,48055,4020],{"class":1224},[94,48057,921],{"class":108},[24,48059,371],{},[85,48061,48063],{"className":87,"code":48062,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"1\n0\n",[15,48064,48065,48069],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,48066,48067],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,48068,47248],{"class":112},[94,48070,48071],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,48072,47583],{"class":112},[24,48074,48075],{},"This can be useful in simple counting logic:",[85,48077,48079],{"className":87,"code":48078,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"passed = True\ntotal = int(passed)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,48080,48081,48090,48105,48109],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,48082,48083,48086,48088],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,48084,48085],{"class":100},"passed ",[94,48087,105],{"class":104},[94,48089,6755],{"class":1224},[94,48091,48092,48094,48096,48098,48100,48103],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,48093,41513],{"class":100},[94,48095,105],{"class":104},[94,48097,45608],{"class":913},[94,48099,149],{"class":108},[94,48101,48102],{"class":152},"passed",[94,48104,316],{"class":108},[94,48106,48107],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,48108,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,48110,48111,48113,48115,48117],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,48112,326],{"class":145},[94,48114,149],{"class":108},[94,48116,41542],{"class":152},[94,48118,316],{"class":108},[24,48120,371],{},[85,48122,48123],{"className":87,"code":47248,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,48124,48125],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,48126,48127],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,48128,47248],{"class":112},[24,48130,48131,48132,168],{},"If you want to learn more about boolean values, see the ",[434,48133,48134,2660],{"href":6111},[15,48135,4157],{},[80,48137,48139],{"id":48138},"using-the-base-argument","Using the base argument",[24,48141,48142,48143,48146],{},"Use the ",[15,48144,48145],{},"base"," argument when a string represents a number in a different number system.",[265,48148,48150],{"id":48149},"binary-example","Binary example",[85,48152,48154],{"className":87,"code":48153,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,48155,48156],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,48157,48158,48160,48162,48164,48166,48168,48170,48172,48174,48176],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,48159,326],{"class":145},[94,48161,149],{"class":108},[94,48163,2546],{"class":913},[94,48165,149],{"class":108},[94,48167,332],{"class":331},[94,48169,46923],{"class":335},[94,48171,332],{"class":331},[94,48173,116],{"class":108},[94,48175,124],{"class":112},[94,48177,921],{"class":108},[24,48179,371],{},[85,48181,48182],{"className":87,"code":3303,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,48183,48184],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,48185,48186],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,48187,3303],{"class":112},[24,48189,48190,48193],{},[15,48191,48192],{},"\"101\""," in binary means:",[28,48195,48196,48201,48206],{},[31,48197,48198],{},[15,48199,48200],{},"1 × 4",[31,48202,48203],{},[15,48204,48205],{},"0 × 2",[31,48207,48208],{},[15,48209,48210],{},"1 × 1",[24,48212,48213,48214,168],{},"So the result is ",[15,48215,615],{},[265,48217,48219],{"id":48218},"hexadecimal-example","Hexadecimal example",[85,48221,48223],{"className":87,"code":48222,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,48224,48225],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,48226,48227,48229,48231,48233,48235,48237,48239,48241,48243,48245],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,48228,326],{"class":145},[94,48230,149],{"class":108},[94,48232,2546],{"class":913},[94,48234,149],{"class":108},[94,48236,332],{"class":331},[94,48238,47348],{"class":335},[94,48240,332],{"class":331},[94,48242,116],{"class":108},[94,48244,14315],{"class":112},[94,48246,921],{"class":108},[24,48248,371],{},[85,48250,48251],{"className":87,"code":47377,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,48252,48253],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,48254,48255],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,48256,47377],{"class":112},[265,48258,48260],{"id":48259},"important-rule","Important rule",[24,48262,2336,48263,48265],{},[15,48264,48145],{}," argument is for string-like input, not normal numeric values.",[24,48267,48268],{},"Good:",[85,48270,48271],{"className":87,"code":48153,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,48272,48273],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,48274,48275,48277,48279,48281,48283,48285,48287,48289,48291,48293],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,48276,326],{"class":145},[94,48278,149],{"class":108},[94,48280,2546],{"class":913},[94,48282,149],{"class":108},[94,48284,332],{"class":331},[94,48286,46923],{"class":335},[94,48288,332],{"class":331},[94,48290,116],{"class":108},[94,48292,124],{"class":112},[94,48294,921],{"class":108},[24,48296,48297],{},"Not correct:",[85,48299,48301],{"className":87,"code":48300,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"# int(101, 2)\n",[15,48302,48303],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,48304,48305],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,48306,48300],{"class":159},[24,48308,48309,48310,8935,48312,48314],{},"That causes a ",[15,48311,3361],{},[15,48313,48145],{}," should not be used with a normal integer value.",[80,48316,48318],{"id":48317},"what-errors-can-happen","What errors can happen",[24,48320,48321,48322,48324,48325,1139,48327,168],{},"Two common errors with ",[15,48323,3234],{}," are ",[15,48326,41034],{},[15,48328,3361],{},[265,48330,48331],{"id":41844},[15,48332,41034],{},[24,48334,48335],{},"This happens when a string is not a valid integer.",[24,48337,2566],{},[85,48339,48341],{"className":87,"code":48340,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"try:\n    print(int(\"3.14\"))\nexcept ValueError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48342,48343,48349,48367,48379],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,48344,48345,48347],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,48346,30134],{"class":4221},[94,48348,6726],{"class":108},[94,48350,48351,48353,48355,48357,48359,48361,48363,48365],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,48352,8404],{"class":145},[94,48354,149],{"class":108},[94,48356,2546],{"class":913},[94,48358,149],{"class":108},[94,48360,332],{"class":331},[94,48362,40473],{"class":335},[94,48364,332],{"class":331},[94,48366,921],{"class":108},[94,48368,48369,48371,48373,48375,48377],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,48370,30165],{"class":4221},[94,48372,42257],{"class":913},[94,48374,47689],{"class":4221},[94,48376,47692],{"class":100},[94,48378,6726],{"class":108},[94,48380,48381,48383,48385,48387],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,48382,8404],{"class":145},[94,48384,149],{"class":108},[94,48386,47721],{"class":152},[94,48388,316],{"class":108},[24,48390,371],{},[85,48392,48394],{"className":87,"code":48393,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n",[15,48395,48396],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,48397,48398,48401,48403,48405,48407,48409,48411,48413,48415,48417,48419],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,48399,48400],{"class":100},"invalid literal ",[94,48402,6289],{"class":4221},[94,48404,45608],{"class":913},[94,48406,174],{"class":108},[94,48408,47757],{"class":4221},[94,48410,47760],{"class":100},[94,48412,2688],{"class":112},[94,48414,384],{"class":108},[94,48416,962],{"class":331},[94,48418,40473],{"class":335},[94,48420,30030],{"class":331},[24,48422,48423,48424,48427,48428,48430],{},"A decimal string like ",[15,48425,48426],{},"\"3.14\""," does not work directly with ",[15,48429,3234],{},". You need to convert it to a float first:",[85,48432,48434],{"className":87,"code":48433,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(int(float(\"3.14\")))\n",[15,48435,48436],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,48437,48438,48440,48442,48444,48446,48448,48450,48452,48454,48456],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,48439,326],{"class":145},[94,48441,149],{"class":108},[94,48443,2546],{"class":913},[94,48445,149],{"class":108},[94,48447,2550],{"class":913},[94,48449,149],{"class":108},[94,48451,332],{"class":331},[94,48453,40473],{"class":335},[94,48455,332],{"class":331},[94,48457,3268],{"class":108},[24,48459,371],{},[85,48461,48462],{"className":87,"code":46948,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,48463,48464],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,48465,48466],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,48467,46948],{"class":112},[24,48469,48470,48471,1139,48474,168],{},"If you see this often, read ",[434,48472,48473],{"href":3318},"how to convert string to int in Python",[434,48475,26011,48476],{"href":46248},[15,48477,46249],{},[265,48479,48480],{"id":41910},[15,48481,3361],{},[24,48483,48484],{},"This can happen with unsupported input types.",[24,48486,2566],{},[85,48488,48490],{"className":87,"code":48489,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"try:\n    print(int(None))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48491,48492,48498,48512,48525],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,48493,48494,48496],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,48495,30134],{"class":4221},[94,48497,6726],{"class":108},[94,48499,48500,48502,48504,48506,48508,48510],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,48501,8404],{"class":145},[94,48503,149],{"class":108},[94,48505,2546],{"class":913},[94,48507,149],{"class":108},[94,48509,77],{"class":1224},[94,48511,921],{"class":108},[94,48513,48514,48516,48519,48521,48523],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,48515,30165],{"class":4221},[94,48517,48518],{"class":913}," TypeError",[94,48520,47689],{"class":4221},[94,48522,47692],{"class":100},[94,48524,6726],{"class":108},[94,48526,48527,48529,48531,48533],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,48528,8404],{"class":145},[94,48530,149],{"class":108},[94,48532,47721],{"class":152},[94,48534,316],{"class":108},[24,48536,371],{},[85,48538,48540],{"className":87,"code":48539,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"int() argument must be a string, a bytes-like object or a real number, not 'NoneType'\n",[15,48541,48542],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,48543,48544,48546,48548,48551,48553,48555,48558,48560,48563,48565,48568,48570,48572,48574,48576,48579],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,48545,2546],{"class":913},[94,48547,174],{"class":108},[94,48549,48550],{"class":100}," argument must be a string",[94,48552,116],{"class":108},[94,48554,44876],{"class":100},[94,48556,48557],{"class":913},"bytes",[94,48559,2380],{"class":104},[94,48561,48562],{"class":100},"like ",[94,48564,42729],{"class":913},[94,48566,48567],{"class":104}," or",[94,48569,41170],{"class":100},[94,48571,116],{"class":108},[94,48573,8434],{"class":104},[94,48575,962],{"class":331},[94,48577,48578],{"class":335},"NoneType",[94,48580,30030],{"class":331},[24,48582,48583,48584,48586],{},"Another example is using the ",[15,48585,48145],{}," argument with a non-string numeric value:",[85,48588,48590],{"className":87,"code":48589,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"try:\n    print(int(101, 2))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48591,48592,48598,48616,48628],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,48593,48594,48596],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,48595,30134],{"class":4221},[94,48597,6726],{"class":108},[94,48599,48600,48602,48604,48606,48608,48610,48612,48614],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,48601,8404],{"class":145},[94,48603,149],{"class":108},[94,48605,2546],{"class":913},[94,48607,149],{"class":108},[94,48609,46923],{"class":112},[94,48611,116],{"class":108},[94,48613,124],{"class":112},[94,48615,921],{"class":108},[94,48617,48618,48620,48622,48624,48626],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,48619,30165],{"class":4221},[94,48621,48518],{"class":913},[94,48623,47689],{"class":4221},[94,48625,47692],{"class":100},[94,48627,6726],{"class":108},[94,48629,48630,48632,48634,48636],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,48631,8404],{"class":145},[94,48633,149],{"class":108},[94,48635,47721],{"class":152},[94,48637,316],{"class":108},[24,48639,371],{},[85,48641,48643],{"className":87,"code":48642,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"int() can't convert non-string with explicit base\n",[15,48644,48645],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,48646,48647,48649,48651,48654,48656],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,48648,2546],{"class":913},[94,48650,174],{"class":108},[94,48652,48653],{"class":100}," can",[94,48655,968],{"class":331},[94,48657,48658],{"class":335},"t convert non-string with explicit base\n",[80,48660,815,48662],{"id":48661},"when-to-use-int",[15,48663,3234],{},[24,48665,54,48666,48668],{},[15,48667,3234],{}," when you need a whole number.",[24,48670,48671],{},"Common uses:",[28,48673,48674,48680,48683,48686],{},[31,48675,48676,48677,48679],{},"Convert user input from ",[15,48678,3314],{}," into integers",[31,48681,48682],{},"Turn float results into integers when truncation is acceptable",[31,48684,48685],{},"Parse numeric strings from files or APIs",[31,48687,48688,48689,36944],{},"Convert binary or hexadecimal strings with the ",[15,48690,48145],{},[24,48692,48693],{},"Example with user input:",[85,48695,48697],{"className":87,"code":48696,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"age_text = \"18\"\nage = int(age_text)\n\nprint(age + 1)\n",[15,48698,48699,48713,48728,48732],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,48700,48701,48704,48706,48708,48711],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,48702,48703],{"class":100},"age_text ",[94,48705,105],{"class":104},[94,48707,1040],{"class":331},[94,48709,48710],{"class":335},"18",[94,48712,1812],{"class":331},[94,48714,48715,48717,48719,48721,48723,48726],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,48716,21959],{"class":100},[94,48718,105],{"class":104},[94,48720,45608],{"class":913},[94,48722,149],{"class":108},[94,48724,48725],{"class":152},"age_text",[94,48727,316],{"class":108},[94,48729,48730],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,48731,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,48733,48734,48736,48738,48740,48742,48744],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,48735,326],{"class":145},[94,48737,149],{"class":108},[94,48739,21959],{"class":152},[94,48741,2417],{"class":104},[94,48743,119],{"class":112},[94,48745,316],{"class":108},[24,48747,371],{},[85,48749,48751],{"className":87,"code":48750,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"19\n",[15,48752,48753],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,48754,48755],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,48756,48750],{"class":112},[80,48758,3186],{"id":3185},[24,48760,15061,48761,168],{},[15,48762,3234],{},[265,48764,48766],{"id":48765},"passing-a-string-with-decimal-text","Passing a string with decimal text",[24,48768,48769],{},"This fails:",[85,48771,48773],{"className":87,"code":48772,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"# int(\"4.5\")\n",[15,48774,48775],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,48776,48777],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,48778,48772],{"class":159},[24,48780,48781,48782,48785],{},"Why: ",[15,48783,48784],{},"\"4.5\""," is not an integer string.",[24,48787,19171],{},[85,48789,48791],{"className":87,"code":48790,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(int(float(\"4.5\")))\n",[15,48792,48793],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,48794,48795,48797,48799,48801,48803,48805,48807,48809,48811,48813],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,48796,326],{"class":145},[94,48798,149],{"class":108},[94,48800,2546],{"class":913},[94,48802,149],{"class":108},[94,48804,2550],{"class":913},[94,48806,149],{"class":108},[94,48808,332],{"class":331},[94,48810,41454],{"class":335},[94,48812,332],{"class":331},[94,48814,3268],{"class":108},[265,48816,48818],{"id":48817},"passing-text-with-letters","Passing text with letters",[24,48820,48769],{},[85,48822,48824],{"className":87,"code":48823,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"# int(\"12abc\")\n",[15,48825,48826],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,48827,48828],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,48829,48823],{"class":159},[24,48831,48832],{},"Why: the string contains non-numeric characters.",[265,48834,48836,48837],{"id":48835},"trying-intnone","Trying ",[15,48838,48839],{},"int(None)",[24,48841,48842,48843,48845],{},"This fails because ",[15,48844,77],{}," is not a number or numeric string.",[85,48847,48849],{"className":87,"code":48848,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"value = None\n\ntry:\n    print(int(value))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48850,48851,48860,48864,48870,48884,48896],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,48852,48853,48855,48857],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,48854,2804],{"class":100},[94,48856,105],{"class":104},[94,48858,48859],{"class":1224}," None\n",[94,48861,48862],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,48863,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,48865,48866,48868],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,48867,30134],{"class":4221},[94,48869,6726],{"class":108},[94,48871,48872,48874,48876,48878,48880,48882],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,48873,8404],{"class":145},[94,48875,149],{"class":108},[94,48877,2546],{"class":913},[94,48879,149],{"class":108},[94,48881,2829],{"class":152},[94,48883,921],{"class":108},[94,48885,48886,48888,48890,48892,48894],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,48887,30165],{"class":4221},[94,48889,48518],{"class":913},[94,48891,47689],{"class":4221},[94,48893,47692],{"class":100},[94,48895,6726],{"class":108},[94,48897,48898,48900,48902,48904],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,48899,8404],{"class":145},[94,48901,149],{"class":108},[94,48903,47721],{"class":152},[94,48905,316],{"class":108},[265,48907,48909],{"id":48908},"using-the-base-argument-with-a-non-string","Using the base argument with a non-string",[24,48911,48769],{},[85,48913,48914],{"className":87,"code":48300,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,48915,48916],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,48917,48918],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,48919,48300],{"class":159},[24,48921,48922],{},"Use a string instead:",[85,48924,48925],{"className":87,"code":48153,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,48926,48927],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,48928,48929,48931,48933,48935,48937,48939,48941,48943,48945,48947],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,48930,326],{"class":145},[94,48932,149],{"class":108},[94,48934,2546],{"class":913},[94,48936,149],{"class":108},[94,48938,332],{"class":331},[94,48940,46923],{"class":335},[94,48942,332],{"class":331},[94,48944,116],{"class":108},[94,48946,124],{"class":112},[94,48948,921],{"class":108},[265,48950,8786,48952,48954],{"id":48951},"expecting-int-to-round",[15,48953,3234],{}," to round",[24,48956,48957],{},"This is a very common misunderstanding.",[85,48959,48961],{"className":87,"code":48960,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(int(4.9))\n",[15,48962,48963],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,48964,48965,48967,48969,48971,48973,48976],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,48966,326],{"class":145},[94,48968,149],{"class":108},[94,48970,2546],{"class":913},[94,48972,149],{"class":108},[94,48974,48975],{"class":112},"4.9",[94,48977,921],{"class":108},[24,48979,371],{},[85,48981,48983],{"className":87,"code":48982,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"4\n",[15,48984,48985],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,48986,48987],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,48988,48982],{"class":112},[24,48990,3526,48991,48993,48994,48996],{},[15,48992,615],{},", remember that ",[15,48995,3234],{}," truncates. It does not round.",[80,48998,2160],{"id":2159},[265,49000,13029,49002,49004],{"id":49001},"does-int-round-numbers",[15,49003,3234],{}," round numbers?",[24,49006,2207,49007,49009],{},[15,49008,3234],{}," removes the decimal part. It does not round to the nearest whole number.",[265,49011,2179,49013,49016],{"id":49012},"why-does-int314-fail",[15,49014,49015],{},"int(\"3.14\")"," fail?",[24,49018,29392,49019,49021,49022,49024,49025,2214],{},[15,49020,48426],{}," is not an integer string. Convert it with ",[15,49023,3240],{}," first, then use ",[15,49026,3234],{},[265,49028,5479,49030,13041],{"id":49029},"what-does-inttrue-return",[15,49031,49032],{},"int(True)",[24,49034,5485,49035,28645,49037,1631,49039,168],{},[15,49036,412],{},[15,49038,4020],{},[15,49040,2476],{},[265,49042,49044],{"id":49043},"when-should-i-use-the-base-argument","When should I use the base argument?",[24,49046,49047],{},"Use it when the input string is written in another base, such as binary or hexadecimal.",[80,49049,2232],{"id":2231},[28,49051,49052,49058,49064,49070,49075,49079,49085],{},[31,49053,49054],{},[434,49055,49056,439],{"href":3237},[15,49057,3240],{},[31,49059,49060],{},[434,49061,49062,439],{"href":42505},[15,49063,48015],{},[31,49065,49066],{},[434,49067,49068,439],{"href":6111},[15,49069,4157],{},[31,49071,49072],{},[434,49073,49074],{"href":3318},"How to convert string to int in Python",[31,49076,49077],{},[434,49078,9391],{"href":9313},[31,49080,49081],{},[434,49082,49083,439],{"href":8554},[15,49084,3314],{},[31,49086,49087],{},[434,49088,30678,49089],{"href":46248},[15,49090,46249],{},[2260,49092,49093],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}",{"title":90,"searchDepth":130,"depth":130,"links":49095},[49096,49097,49099,49103,49108,49110,49112,49117,49121,49123,49132,49141],{"id":2360,"depth":130,"text":2361},{"id":46960,"depth":130,"text":49098},"What int() does",{"id":2513,"depth":130,"text":2514,"children":49100},[49101,49102],{"id":47151,"depth":137,"text":47154},{"id":47251,"depth":137,"text":47254},{"id":47387,"depth":130,"text":49104,"children":49105},"Using int() with strings",[49106,49107],{"id":47509,"depth":137,"text":47510},{"id":47597,"depth":137,"text":47598},{"id":47872,"depth":130,"text":49109},"Using int() with floats",{"id":48018,"depth":130,"text":49111},"Using int() with booleans",{"id":48138,"depth":130,"text":48139,"children":49113},[49114,49115,49116],{"id":48149,"depth":137,"text":48150},{"id":48218,"depth":137,"text":48219},{"id":48259,"depth":137,"text":48260},{"id":48317,"depth":130,"text":48318,"children":49118},[49119,49120],{"id":41844,"depth":137,"text":41034},{"id":41910,"depth":137,"text":3361},{"id":48661,"depth":130,"text":49122},"When to use int()",{"id":3185,"depth":130,"text":3186,"children":49124},[49125,49126,49127,49129,49130],{"id":48765,"depth":137,"text":48766},{"id":48817,"depth":137,"text":48818},{"id":48835,"depth":137,"text":49128},"Trying int(None)",{"id":48908,"depth":137,"text":48909},{"id":48951,"depth":137,"text":49131},"Expecting int() to round",{"id":2159,"depth":130,"text":2160,"children":49133},[49134,49136,49138,49140],{"id":49001,"depth":137,"text":49135},"Does int() round numbers?",{"id":49012,"depth":137,"text":49137},"Why does int(\"3.14\") fail?",{"id":49029,"depth":137,"text":49139},"What does int(True) return?",{"id":49043,"depth":137,"text":49044},{"id":2231,"depth":130,"text":2232},"Master python int function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained",{"title":42427,"description":49142},"reference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained","kWr352mNCnbYYS6Ka2UotgJ1vPfx2o66tzsvdXJo79A",{"id":49149,"title":49150,"body":49151,"description":50985,"extension":2319,"meta":50986,"navigation":133,"path":45134,"seo":50987,"stem":50988,"__hash__":50989},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained.md","Python isinstance() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":49152,"toc":50941},[49153,49158,49163,49171,49180,49182,49241,49247,49252,49257,49259,49287,49290,49293,49304,49314,49316,49318,49338,49342,49370,49372,49411,49413,49421,49423,49426,49430,49483,49485,49497,49501,49558,49560,49572,49578,49584,49588,49591,49594,49660,49662,49674,49680,49682,49734,49737,49778,49781,49788,49797,49803,49806,49839,49845,49848,49879,49885,49888,49900,49904,49909,49913,50071,50073,50088,50091,50095,50199,50201,50218,50222,50283,50285,50293,50296,50300,50367,50369,50378,50384,50386,50395,50397,50432,50437,50439,50469,50473,50475,50512,50515,50517,50554,50560,50562,50612,50614,50622,50632,50638,50642,50647,50696,50698,50711,50714,50716,50719,50794,50797,50816,50819,50848,50858,50860,50865,50872,50878,50884,50891,50899,50905,50908,50910,50938],[10,49154,13,49156,3930],{"id":49155},"python-isinstance-function-explained",[15,49157,45137],{},[24,49159,49160,49162],{},[15,49161,45137],{}," checks whether a value matches a type.",[24,49164,49165,49166,2167,49168,49170],{},"It is a built-in Python function that returns either ",[15,49167,1225],{},[15,49169,4020],{},". It is often used before running code that depends on a value being a string, number, list, tuple, or dictionary.",[24,49172,49173,49174,49176,49177,49179],{},"In many cases, ",[15,49175,45137],{}," is a better choice than checking ",[15,49178,2659],{}," directly because it also works with parent and child types.",[80,49181,83],{"id":82},[85,49183,49185],{"className":87,"code":49184,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"value = 10\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))   # True\nprint(isinstance(value, str))   # False\n",[15,49186,49187,49195,49199,49220],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,49188,49189,49191,49193],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,49190,2804],{"class":100},[94,49192,105],{"class":104},[94,49194,2942],{"class":112},[94,49196,49197],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,49198,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,49200,49201,49203,49205,49208,49210,49212,49214,49216,49218],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,49202,326],{"class":145},[94,49204,149],{"class":108},[94,49206,49207],{"class":145},"isinstance",[94,49209,149],{"class":108},[94,49211,2829],{"class":152},[94,49213,116],{"class":108},[94,49215,45608],{"class":913},[94,49217,5693],{"class":108},[94,49219,44186],{"class":159},[94,49221,49222,49224,49226,49228,49230,49232,49234,49237,49239],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,49223,326],{"class":145},[94,49225,149],{"class":108},[94,49227,49207],{"class":145},[94,49229,149],{"class":108},[94,49231,2829],{"class":152},[94,49233,116],{"class":108},[94,49235,49236],{"class":913}," str",[94,49238,5693],{"class":108},[94,49240,44203],{"class":159},[24,49242,54,49243,49246],{},[15,49244,49245],{},"isinstance(object, classinfo)"," to check whether a value matches a type or one of its parent types.",[80,49248,215,49250,218],{"id":49249},"what-isinstance-does",[15,49251,45137],{},[24,49253,49254,49256],{},[15,49255,45137],{}," is used to test a value against a type.",[24,49258,226],{},[28,49260,49261,49264,49270,49273],{},[31,49262,49263],{},"Checks whether a value is an instance of a type",[31,49265,11753,49266,2167,49268],{},[15,49267,1225],{},[15,49269,4020],{},[31,49271,49272],{},"Helps you safely run type-specific code",[31,49274,49275,49276,2547,49278,2547,49280,2547,49282,17401,49285],{},"Is commonly used with ",[15,49277,1372],{},[15,49279,2546],{},[15,49281,965],{},[15,49283,49284],{},"tuple",[15,49286,9154],{},[24,49288,49289],{},"This is useful when your code needs to behave differently for different kinds of data.",[24,49291,49292],{},"For example, you might want to:",[28,49294,49295,49298,49301],{},[31,49296,49297],{},"loop through a list",[31,49299,49300],{},"join text only if a value is a string",[31,49302,49303],{},"do math only if a value is a number",[24,49305,49306,49307,2167,49310,168],{},"If you need a refresher on Python types, see ",[434,49308,45129],{"href":49309},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview\u002F",[434,49311,49313],{"href":49312},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-data-type-in-python\u002F","what a data type means in Python",[80,49315,2514],{"id":2513},[24,49317,2517],{},[85,49319,49321],{"className":87,"code":49320,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"isinstance(object, classinfo)\n",[15,49322,49323],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,49324,49325,49327,49329,49331,49333,49336],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,49326,49207],{"class":145},[94,49328,149],{"class":108},[94,49330,42729],{"class":913},[94,49332,116],{"class":108},[94,49334,49335],{"class":152}," classinfo",[94,49337,316],{"class":108},[265,49339,49341],{"id":49340},"parts-of-the-syntax","Parts of the syntax",[28,49343,49344,49349,49363],{},[31,49345,49346,49348],{},[15,49347,42729],{}," is the value you want to test",[31,49350,49351,49354,49355,2547,49357,2547,49359,2551,49361],{},[15,49352,49353],{},"classinfo"," is the type to check against, such as ",[15,49356,2546],{},[15,49358,1372],{},[15,49360,965],{},[15,49362,9154],{},[31,49364,49365,49366,2167,49368],{},"The result is always a Boolean value: ",[15,49367,1225],{},[15,49369,4020],{},[24,49371,2566],{},[85,49373,49375],{"className":87,"code":49374,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"name = \"Maya\"\n\nprint(isinstance(name, str))\n",[15,49376,49377,49389,49393],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,49378,49379,49381,49383,49385,49387],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,49380,8211],{"class":100},[94,49382,105],{"class":104},[94,49384,1040],{"class":331},[94,49386,11839],{"class":335},[94,49388,1812],{"class":331},[94,49390,49391],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,49392,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,49394,49395,49397,49399,49401,49403,49405,49407,49409],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,49396,326],{"class":145},[94,49398,149],{"class":108},[94,49400,49207],{"class":145},[94,49402,149],{"class":108},[94,49404,8001],{"class":152},[94,49406,116],{"class":108},[94,49408,49236],{"class":913},[94,49410,921],{"class":108},[24,49412,371],{},[85,49414,49415],{"className":87,"code":4325,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,49416,49417],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,49418,49419],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,49420,4325],{"class":1224},[80,49422,11805],{"id":11804},[24,49424,49425],{},"Here is a small example that checks one value at a time.",[265,49427,49429],{"id":49428},"check-an-integer","Check an integer",[85,49431,49433],{"className":87,"code":49432,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"value = 25\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\n",[15,49434,49435,49443,49447,49465],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,49436,49437,49439,49441],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,49438,2804],{"class":100},[94,49440,105],{"class":104},[94,49442,45557],{"class":112},[94,49444,49445],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,49446,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,49448,49449,49451,49453,49455,49457,49459,49461,49463],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,49450,326],{"class":145},[94,49452,149],{"class":108},[94,49454,49207],{"class":145},[94,49456,149],{"class":108},[94,49458,2829],{"class":152},[94,49460,116],{"class":108},[94,49462,45608],{"class":913},[94,49464,921],{"class":108},[94,49466,49467,49469,49471,49473,49475,49477,49479,49481],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,49468,326],{"class":145},[94,49470,149],{"class":108},[94,49472,49207],{"class":145},[94,49474,149],{"class":108},[94,49476,2829],{"class":152},[94,49478,116],{"class":108},[94,49480,49236],{"class":913},[94,49482,921],{"class":108},[24,49484,371],{},[85,49486,49487],{"className":87,"code":44505,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,49488,49489,49493],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,49490,49491],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,49492,4325],{"class":1224},[94,49494,49495],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,49496,4386],{"class":1224},[265,49498,49500],{"id":49499},"check-text","Check text",[85,49502,49504],{"className":87,"code":49503,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(isinstance(text, str))\nprint(isinstance(text, int))\n",[15,49505,49506,49518,49522,49540],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,49507,49508,49510,49512,49514,49516],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,49509,1803],{"class":100},[94,49511,105],{"class":104},[94,49513,1040],{"class":331},[94,49515,4190],{"class":335},[94,49517,1812],{"class":331},[94,49519,49520],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,49521,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,49523,49524,49526,49528,49530,49532,49534,49536,49538],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,49525,326],{"class":145},[94,49527,149],{"class":108},[94,49529,49207],{"class":145},[94,49531,149],{"class":108},[94,49533,1817],{"class":152},[94,49535,116],{"class":108},[94,49537,49236],{"class":913},[94,49539,921],{"class":108},[94,49541,49542,49544,49546,49548,49550,49552,49554,49556],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,49543,326],{"class":145},[94,49545,149],{"class":108},[94,49547,49207],{"class":145},[94,49549,149],{"class":108},[94,49551,1817],{"class":152},[94,49553,116],{"class":108},[94,49555,45608],{"class":913},[94,49557,921],{"class":108},[24,49559,371],{},[85,49561,49562],{"className":87,"code":44505,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,49563,49564,49568],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,49565,49566],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,49567,4325],{"class":1224},[94,49569,49570],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,49571,4386],{"class":1224},[24,49573,49574,49575,49577],{},"In both examples, ",[15,49576,45137],{}," only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[24,49579,49580,49581,168],{},"If you want to change a value from one type to another, that is conversion, not type checking. For example, see ",[434,49582,49583],{"href":3318},"how to convert a string to an integer in Python",[80,49585,49587],{"id":49586},"checking-against-multiple-types","Checking against multiple types",[24,49589,49590],{},"The second argument can be a tuple of types.",[24,49592,49593],{},"This is helpful when more than one type is acceptable.",[85,49595,49597],{"className":87,"code":49596,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(isinstance(value, (str, list)))\n",[15,49598,49599,49608,49612,49636],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,49600,49601,49603,49605],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,49602,2804],{"class":100},[94,49604,105],{"class":104},[94,49606,49607],{"class":112}," 3.5\n",[94,49609,49610],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,49611,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,49613,49614,49616,49618,49620,49622,49624,49626,49628,49630,49632,49634],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,49615,326],{"class":145},[94,49617,149],{"class":108},[94,49619,49207],{"class":145},[94,49621,149],{"class":108},[94,49623,2829],{"class":152},[94,49625,116],{"class":108},[94,49627,854],{"class":108},[94,49629,2546],{"class":913},[94,49631,116],{"class":108},[94,49633,40585],{"class":913},[94,49635,3268],{"class":108},[94,49637,49638,49640,49642,49644,49646,49648,49650,49652,49654,49656,49658],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,49639,326],{"class":145},[94,49641,149],{"class":108},[94,49643,49207],{"class":145},[94,49645,149],{"class":108},[94,49647,2829],{"class":152},[94,49649,116],{"class":108},[94,49651,854],{"class":108},[94,49653,1372],{"class":913},[94,49655,116],{"class":108},[94,49657,22891],{"class":913},[94,49659,3268],{"class":108},[24,49661,371],{},[85,49663,49664],{"className":87,"code":44505,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,49665,49666,49670],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,49667,49668],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,49669,4325],{"class":1224},[94,49671,49672],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,49673,4386],{"class":1224},[24,49675,49676,49677,49679],{},"This is much cleaner than writing long ",[15,49678,41167],{}," conditions.",[24,49681,8633],{},[85,49683,49685],{"className":87,"code":49684,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(type(value) == int or type(value) == float)\n",[15,49686,49687,49695,49699],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,49688,49689,49691,49693],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,49690,2804],{"class":100},[94,49692,105],{"class":104},[94,49694,49607],{"class":112},[94,49696,49697],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,49698,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,49700,49701,49703,49705,49707,49709,49711,49713,49715,49717,49719,49722,49724,49726,49728,49730,49732],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,49702,326],{"class":145},[94,49704,149],{"class":108},[94,49706,914],{"class":913},[94,49708,149],{"class":108},[94,49710,2829],{"class":152},[94,49712,156],{"class":108},[94,49714,6741],{"class":104},[94,49716,45608],{"class":913},[94,49718,48567],{"class":4221},[94,49720,49721],{"class":913}," type",[94,49723,149],{"class":108},[94,49725,2829],{"class":152},[94,49727,156],{"class":108},[94,49729,6741],{"class":104},[94,49731,40585],{"class":913},[94,49733,316],{"class":108},[24,49735,49736],{},"you can write this:",[85,49738,49740],{"className":87,"code":49739,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,49741,49742,49750,49754],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,49743,49744,49746,49748],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,49745,2804],{"class":100},[94,49747,105],{"class":104},[94,49749,49607],{"class":112},[94,49751,49752],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,49753,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,49755,49756,49758,49760,49762,49764,49766,49768,49770,49772,49774,49776],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,49757,326],{"class":145},[94,49759,149],{"class":108},[94,49761,49207],{"class":145},[94,49763,149],{"class":108},[94,49765,2829],{"class":152},[94,49767,116],{"class":108},[94,49769,854],{"class":108},[94,49771,2546],{"class":913},[94,49773,116],{"class":108},[94,49775,40585],{"class":913},[94,49777,3268],{"class":108},[24,49779,49780],{},"A common use case is accepting both integers and decimal numbers as numeric input.",[80,49782,49784,18,49786],{"id":49783},"isinstance-vs-type",[15,49785,45137],{},[15,49787,2659],{},[24,49789,1146,49790,1139,49792,49796],{},[15,49791,45137],{},[434,49793,49794],{"href":2656},[15,49795,2659],{}," are related to types, but they are not the same.",[265,49798,49800],{"id":49799},"typevalue-int",[15,49801,49802],{},"type(value) == int",[24,49804,49805],{},"This checks for one exact type.",[85,49807,49809],{"className":87,"code":49808,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"value = 10\nprint(type(value) == int)\n",[15,49810,49811,49819],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,49812,49813,49815,49817],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,49814,2804],{"class":100},[94,49816,105],{"class":104},[94,49818,2942],{"class":112},[94,49820,49821,49823,49825,49827,49829,49831,49833,49835,49837],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,49822,326],{"class":145},[94,49824,149],{"class":108},[94,49826,914],{"class":913},[94,49828,149],{"class":108},[94,49830,2829],{"class":152},[94,49832,156],{"class":108},[94,49834,6741],{"class":104},[94,49836,45608],{"class":913},[94,49838,316],{"class":108},[265,49840,49842],{"id":49841},"isinstancevalue-int",[15,49843,49844],{},"isinstance(value, int)",[24,49846,49847],{},"This checks whether the value matches that type, including inherited types.",[85,49849,49851],{"className":87,"code":49850,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,49852,49853,49861],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,49854,49855,49857,49859],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,49856,2804],{"class":100},[94,49858,105],{"class":104},[94,49860,2942],{"class":112},[94,49862,49863,49865,49867,49869,49871,49873,49875,49877],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,49864,326],{"class":145},[94,49866,149],{"class":108},[94,49868,49207],{"class":145},[94,49870,149],{"class":108},[94,49872,2829],{"class":152},[94,49874,116],{"class":108},[94,49876,45608],{"class":913},[94,49878,921],{"class":108},[24,49880,49881,49882,49884],{},"For beginners, ",[15,49883,45137],{}," is usually the safer choice when you want to know whether a value can be treated like a certain type.",[24,49886,49887],{},"In everyday code:",[28,49889,49890,49895],{},[31,49891,40320,49892,49894],{},[15,49893,2659],{}," when you need the exact type",[31,49896,40320,49897,49899],{},[15,49898,45137],{}," when you want a practical type check",[80,49901,49903],{"id":49902},"common-real-uses","Common real uses",[24,49905,49906,49907,168],{},"Here are some common beginner-friendly uses for ",[15,49908,45137],{},[265,49910,49912],{"id":49911},"validate-function-inputs","Validate function inputs",[85,49914,49916],{"className":87,"code":49915,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"def repeat_text(text, count):\n    if not isinstance(text, str):\n        return \"text must be a string\"\n    \n    if not isinstance(count, int):\n        return \"count must be an integer\"\n    \n    return text * count\n\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", 3))\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", \"3\"))\n",[15,49917,49918,49936,49955,49967,49972,49990,50001,50005,50017,50021,50045],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,49919,49920,49922,49925,49927,49929,49931,49934],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,49921,35180],{"class":958},[94,49923,49924],{"class":35183}," repeat_text",[94,49926,149],{"class":108},[94,49928,1817],{"class":37992},[94,49930,116],{"class":108},[94,49932,49933],{"class":37992}," count",[94,49935,8676],{"class":108},[94,49937,49938,49940,49942,49945,49947,49949,49951,49953],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,49939,6731],{"class":4221},[94,49941,8434],{"class":104},[94,49943,49944],{"class":145}," isinstance",[94,49946,149],{"class":108},[94,49948,1817],{"class":152},[94,49950,116],{"class":108},[94,49952,49236],{"class":913},[94,49954,8676],{"class":108},[94,49956,49957,49960,49962,49965],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,49958,49959],{"class":4221},"        return",[94,49961,1040],{"class":331},[94,49963,49964],{"class":335},"text must be a string",[94,49966,1812],{"class":331},[94,49968,49969],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,49970,49971],{"class":100},"    \n",[94,49973,49974,49976,49978,49980,49982,49984,49986,49988],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,49975,6731],{"class":4221},[94,49977,8434],{"class":104},[94,49979,49944],{"class":145},[94,49981,149],{"class":108},[94,49983,41590],{"class":152},[94,49985,116],{"class":108},[94,49987,45608],{"class":913},[94,49989,8676],{"class":108},[94,49991,49992,49994,49996,49999],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,49993,49959],{"class":4221},[94,49995,1040],{"class":331},[94,49997,49998],{"class":335},"count must be an integer",[94,50000,1812],{"class":331},[94,50002,50003],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,50004,49971],{"class":100},[94,50006,50007,50009,50012,50014],{"class":96,"line":702},[94,50008,35191],{"class":4221},[94,50010,50011],{"class":100}," text ",[94,50013,40203],{"class":104},[94,50015,50016],{"class":100}," count\n",[94,50018,50019],{"class":96,"line":6763},[94,50020,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,50022,50023,50025,50027,50030,50032,50034,50037,50039,50041,50043],{"class":96,"line":6768},[94,50024,326],{"class":145},[94,50026,149],{"class":108},[94,50028,50029],{"class":152},"repeat_text",[94,50031,149],{"class":108},[94,50033,332],{"class":331},[94,50035,50036],{"class":335},"Hi ",[94,50038,332],{"class":331},[94,50040,116],{"class":108},[94,50042,421],{"class":112},[94,50044,921],{"class":108},[94,50046,50047,50049,50051,50053,50055,50057,50059,50061,50063,50065,50067,50069],{"class":96,"line":11925},[94,50048,326],{"class":145},[94,50050,149],{"class":108},[94,50052,50029],{"class":152},[94,50054,149],{"class":108},[94,50056,332],{"class":331},[94,50058,50036],{"class":335},[94,50060,332],{"class":331},[94,50062,116],{"class":108},[94,50064,1040],{"class":331},[94,50066,113],{"class":335},[94,50068,332],{"class":331},[94,50070,921],{"class":108},[24,50072,371],{},[85,50074,50076],{"className":87,"code":50075,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"Hi Hi Hi \ncount must be an integer\n",[15,50077,50078,50083],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,50079,50080],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,50081,50082],{"class":100},"Hi Hi Hi \n",[94,50084,50085],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,50086,50087],{"class":100},"count must be an integer\n",[24,50089,50090],{},"This can help prevent errors such as unsupported operand type errors.",[265,50092,50094],{"id":50093},"handle-strings-and-lists-differently","Handle strings and lists differently",[85,50096,50098],{"className":87,"code":50097,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"value = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    print(\"This is text\")\nelif isinstance(value, list):\n    print(\"This is a list\")\n",[15,50099,50100,50132,50136,50152,50167,50184],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,50101,50102,50104,50106,50108,50110,50112,50114,50116,50118,50120,50122,50124,50126,50128,50130],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,50103,2804],{"class":100},[94,50105,105],{"class":104},[94,50107,109],{"class":108},[94,50109,332],{"class":331},[94,50111,434],{"class":335},[94,50113,332],{"class":331},[94,50115,116],{"class":108},[94,50117,1040],{"class":331},[94,50119,1937],{"class":335},[94,50121,332],{"class":331},[94,50123,116],{"class":108},[94,50125,1040],{"class":331},[94,50127,1946],{"class":335},[94,50129,332],{"class":331},[94,50131,127],{"class":108},[94,50133,50134],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,50135,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,50137,50138,50140,50142,50144,50146,50148,50150],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,50139,7330],{"class":4221},[94,50141,49944],{"class":145},[94,50143,149],{"class":108},[94,50145,2829],{"class":152},[94,50147,116],{"class":108},[94,50149,49236],{"class":913},[94,50151,8676],{"class":108},[94,50153,50154,50156,50158,50160,50163,50165],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,50155,8404],{"class":145},[94,50157,149],{"class":108},[94,50159,332],{"class":331},[94,50161,50162],{"class":335},"This is text",[94,50164,332],{"class":331},[94,50166,316],{"class":108},[94,50168,50169,50172,50174,50176,50178,50180,50182],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,50170,50171],{"class":4221},"elif",[94,50173,49944],{"class":145},[94,50175,149],{"class":108},[94,50177,2829],{"class":152},[94,50179,116],{"class":108},[94,50181,22891],{"class":913},[94,50183,8676],{"class":108},[94,50185,50186,50188,50190,50192,50195,50197],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,50187,8404],{"class":145},[94,50189,149],{"class":108},[94,50191,332],{"class":331},[94,50193,50194],{"class":335},"This is a list",[94,50196,332],{"class":331},[94,50198,316],{"class":108},[24,50200,371],{},[85,50202,50204],{"className":87,"code":50203,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"This is a list\n",[15,50205,50206],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,50207,50208,50211,50213,50215],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,50209,50210],{"class":100},"This ",[94,50212,12519],{"class":104},[94,50214,44876],{"class":100},[94,50216,50217],{"class":913},"list\n",[265,50219,50221],{"id":50220},"check-data-before-converting","Check data before converting",[85,50223,50225],{"className":87,"code":50224,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"value = \"42\"\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    number = int(value)\n    print(number)\n",[15,50226,50227,50239,50243,50259,50273],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,50228,50229,50231,50233,50235,50237],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,50230,2804],{"class":100},[94,50232,105],{"class":104},[94,50234,1040],{"class":331},[94,50236,46857],{"class":335},[94,50238,1812],{"class":331},[94,50240,50241],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,50242,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,50244,50245,50247,50249,50251,50253,50255,50257],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,50246,7330],{"class":4221},[94,50248,49944],{"class":145},[94,50250,149],{"class":108},[94,50252,2829],{"class":152},[94,50254,116],{"class":108},[94,50256,49236],{"class":913},[94,50258,8676],{"class":108},[94,50260,50261,50263,50265,50267,50269,50271],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,50262,42221],{"class":100},[94,50264,105],{"class":104},[94,50266,45608],{"class":913},[94,50268,149],{"class":108},[94,50270,2829],{"class":152},[94,50272,316],{"class":108},[94,50274,50275,50277,50279,50281],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,50276,8404],{"class":145},[94,50278,149],{"class":108},[94,50280,2598],{"class":152},[94,50282,316],{"class":108},[24,50284,371],{},[85,50286,50287],{"className":87,"code":46943,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,50288,50289],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,50290,50291],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,50292,46943],{"class":112},[24,50294,50295],{},"This is useful when working with user input, since input often starts as text.",[265,50297,50299],{"id":50298},"prevent-errors-before-using-methods-or-loops","Prevent errors before using methods or loops",[85,50301,50303],{"className":87,"code":50302,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"value = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nif isinstance(value, dict):\n    print(value[\"name\"])\n",[15,50304,50305,50329,50333,50349],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,50306,50307,50309,50311,50313,50315,50317,50319,50321,50323,50325,50327],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,50308,2804],{"class":100},[94,50310,105],{"class":104},[94,50312,10823],{"class":108},[94,50314,332],{"class":331},[94,50316,8001],{"class":335},[94,50318,332],{"class":331},[94,50320,384],{"class":108},[94,50322,1040],{"class":331},[94,50324,13206],{"class":335},[94,50326,332],{"class":331},[94,50328,9641],{"class":108},[94,50330,50331],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,50332,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,50334,50335,50337,50339,50341,50343,50345,50347],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,50336,7330],{"class":4221},[94,50338,49944],{"class":145},[94,50340,149],{"class":108},[94,50342,2829],{"class":152},[94,50344,116],{"class":108},[94,50346,9504],{"class":913},[94,50348,8676],{"class":108},[94,50350,50351,50353,50355,50357,50359,50361,50363,50365],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,50352,8404],{"class":145},[94,50354,149],{"class":108},[94,50356,2829],{"class":152},[94,50358,539],{"class":108},[94,50360,332],{"class":331},[94,50362,8001],{"class":335},[94,50364,332],{"class":331},[94,50366,4234],{"class":108},[24,50368,371],{},[85,50370,50372],{"className":87,"code":50371,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"Ana\n",[15,50373,50374],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,50375,50376],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,50377,50371],{"class":100},[24,50379,50380,50381,50383],{},"Checking first can help you avoid confusing ",[15,50382,3361],{}," messages later.",[80,50385,4862],{"id":4861},[265,50387,50389,50390,11420,50393],{"id":50388},"passing-int-instead-of-int","Passing ",[15,50391,50392],{},"\"int\"",[15,50394,2546],{},[24,50396,16972],{},[85,50398,50400],{"className":87,"code":50399,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, \"int\"))\n",[15,50401,50402,50410],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,50403,50404,50406,50408],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,50405,2804],{"class":100},[94,50407,105],{"class":104},[94,50409,2942],{"class":112},[94,50411,50412,50414,50416,50418,50420,50422,50424,50426,50428,50430],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,50413,326],{"class":145},[94,50415,149],{"class":108},[94,50417,49207],{"class":145},[94,50419,149],{"class":108},[94,50421,2829],{"class":152},[94,50423,116],{"class":108},[94,50425,1040],{"class":331},[94,50427,2546],{"class":335},[94,50429,332],{"class":331},[94,50431,921],{"class":108},[24,50433,50434,50436],{},[15,50435,50392],{}," is a string, not a type.",[24,50438,16984],{},[85,50440,50441],{"className":87,"code":49850,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,50442,50443,50451],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,50444,50445,50447,50449],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,50446,2804],{"class":100},[94,50448,105],{"class":104},[94,50450,2942],{"class":112},[94,50452,50453,50455,50457,50459,50461,50463,50465,50467],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,50454,326],{"class":145},[94,50456,149],{"class":108},[94,50458,49207],{"class":145},[94,50460,149],{"class":108},[94,50462,2829],{"class":152},[94,50464,116],{"class":108},[94,50466,45608],{"class":913},[94,50468,921],{"class":108},[265,50470,50472],{"id":50471},"using-square-brackets-for-multiple-types","Using square brackets for multiple types",[24,50474,16972],{},[85,50476,50478],{"className":87,"code":50477,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, [int, float]))\n",[15,50479,50480,50488],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,50481,50482,50484,50486],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,50483,2804],{"class":100},[94,50485,105],{"class":104},[94,50487,35171],{"class":112},[94,50489,50490,50492,50494,50496,50498,50500,50502,50504,50506,50508,50510],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,50491,326],{"class":145},[94,50493,149],{"class":108},[94,50495,49207],{"class":145},[94,50497,149],{"class":108},[94,50499,2829],{"class":152},[94,50501,116],{"class":108},[94,50503,109],{"class":108},[94,50505,2546],{"class":913},[94,50507,116],{"class":108},[94,50509,40585],{"class":913},[94,50511,3355],{"class":108},[24,50513,50514],{},"The second argument should be a type or a tuple of types.",[24,50516,16984],{},[85,50518,50520],{"className":87,"code":50519,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,50521,50522,50530],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,50523,50524,50526,50528],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,50525,2804],{"class":100},[94,50527,105],{"class":104},[94,50529,35171],{"class":112},[94,50531,50532,50534,50536,50538,50540,50542,50544,50546,50548,50550,50552],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,50533,326],{"class":145},[94,50535,149],{"class":108},[94,50537,49207],{"class":145},[94,50539,149],{"class":108},[94,50541,2829],{"class":152},[94,50543,116],{"class":108},[94,50545,854],{"class":108},[94,50547,2546],{"class":913},[94,50549,116],{"class":108},[94,50551,40585],{"class":913},[94,50553,3268],{"class":108},[265,50555,26106,50557,50559],{"id":50556},"thinking-isinstance-converts-a-value",[15,50558,45137],{}," converts a value",[24,50561,19244],{},[85,50563,50565],{"className":87,"code":50564,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"value = \"123\"\nresult = isinstance(value, int)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,50566,50567,50580,50598,50602],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,50568,50569,50571,50573,50575,50578],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,50570,2804],{"class":100},[94,50572,105],{"class":104},[94,50574,1040],{"class":331},[94,50576,50577],{"class":335},"123",[94,50579,1812],{"class":331},[94,50581,50582,50584,50586,50588,50590,50592,50594,50596],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,50583,305],{"class":100},[94,50585,105],{"class":104},[94,50587,49944],{"class":145},[94,50589,149],{"class":108},[94,50591,2829],{"class":152},[94,50593,116],{"class":108},[94,50595,45608],{"class":913},[94,50597,316],{"class":108},[94,50599,50600],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,50601,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,50603,50604,50606,50608,50610],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,50605,326],{"class":145},[94,50607,149],{"class":108},[94,50609,902],{"class":152},[94,50611,316],{"class":108},[24,50613,371],{},[85,50615,50616],{"className":87,"code":4386,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,50617,50618],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,50619,50620],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,50621,4386],{"class":1224},[24,50623,50624,50625,50628,50629,50631],{},"This does not convert ",[15,50626,50627],{},"\"123\""," into ",[15,50630,50577],{},". It only checks the type.",[24,50633,50634,50635,6963],{},"If your goal is conversion, use ",[15,50636,50637],{},"int(value)",[265,50639,50641],{"id":50640},"assuming-it-changes-the-value","Assuming it changes the value",[24,50643,50644,50646],{},[15,50645,45137],{}," does not modify anything.",[85,50648,50650],{"className":87,"code":50649,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"value = \"100\"\n\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(value)\n",[15,50651,50652,50664,50668,50686],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,50653,50654,50656,50658,50660,50662],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,50655,2804],{"class":100},[94,50657,105],{"class":104},[94,50659,1040],{"class":331},[94,50661,13885],{"class":335},[94,50663,1812],{"class":331},[94,50665,50666],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,50667,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,50669,50670,50672,50674,50676,50678,50680,50682,50684],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,50671,326],{"class":145},[94,50673,149],{"class":108},[94,50675,49207],{"class":145},[94,50677,149],{"class":108},[94,50679,2829],{"class":152},[94,50681,116],{"class":108},[94,50683,49236],{"class":913},[94,50685,921],{"class":108},[94,50687,50688,50690,50692,50694],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,50689,326],{"class":145},[94,50691,149],{"class":108},[94,50693,2829],{"class":152},[94,50695,316],{"class":108},[24,50697,371],{},[85,50699,50701],{"className":87,"code":50700,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"True\n100\n",[15,50702,50703,50707],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,50704,50705],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,50706,4325],{"class":1224},[94,50708,50709],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,50710,47594],{"class":112},[24,50712,50713],{},"The value stays the same.",[80,50715,26274],{"id":26273},[24,50717,50718],{},"If you are not sure what kind of value you have, these checks are useful:",[85,50720,50722],{"className":87,"code":50721,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,50723,50724,50738,50756,50780],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,50725,50726,50728,50730,50732,50734,50736],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,50727,326],{"class":145},[94,50729,149],{"class":108},[94,50731,914],{"class":913},[94,50733,149],{"class":108},[94,50735,2829],{"class":152},[94,50737,921],{"class":108},[94,50739,50740,50742,50744,50746,50748,50750,50752,50754],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,50741,326],{"class":145},[94,50743,149],{"class":108},[94,50745,49207],{"class":145},[94,50747,149],{"class":108},[94,50749,2829],{"class":152},[94,50751,116],{"class":108},[94,50753,45608],{"class":913},[94,50755,921],{"class":108},[94,50757,50758,50760,50762,50764,50766,50768,50770,50772,50774,50776,50778],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,50759,326],{"class":145},[94,50761,149],{"class":108},[94,50763,49207],{"class":145},[94,50765,149],{"class":108},[94,50767,2829],{"class":152},[94,50769,116],{"class":108},[94,50771,854],{"class":108},[94,50773,2546],{"class":913},[94,50775,116],{"class":108},[94,50777,40585],{"class":913},[94,50779,3268],{"class":108},[94,50781,50782,50784,50786,50788,50790,50792],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,50783,326],{"class":145},[94,50785,149],{"class":108},[94,50787,42110],{"class":145},[94,50789,149],{"class":108},[94,50791,2829],{"class":152},[94,50793,921],{"class":108},[24,50795,50796],{},"These can help when:",[28,50798,50799,50802,50807,50810],{},[31,50800,50801],{},"a value looks like a number but is actually a string",[31,50803,50804,50805],{},"you are getting a ",[15,50806,3361],{},[31,50808,50809],{},"your condition is not behaving as expected",[31,50811,50812,50813,50815],{},"the second argument to ",[15,50814,45137],{}," is invalid",[24,50817,50818],{},"Common causes of mistakes include:",[28,50820,50821,50835,50840,50845],{},[31,50822,50823,50824,2167,50827,50830,50831,2167,50833],{},"using ",[15,50825,50826],{},"'int'",[15,50828,50829],{},"'str'"," as text instead of ",[15,50832,2546],{},[15,50834,1372],{},[31,50836,1999,50837,50839],{},[15,50838,45137],{}," to convert a value",[31,50841,50823,50842,50844],{},[15,50843,2659],{}," when inherited types should also match",[31,50846,50847],{},"passing an invalid second argument",[24,50849,50850,50851,168],{},"If you get an error because Python expected a number but found text, see ",[434,50852,50854,50855],{"href":50853},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-str-object-cannot-be-interpreted-as-an-integer-fix\u002F","TypeError: ",[15,50856,50857],{},"'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer",[80,50859,2160],{"id":2159},[265,50861,5479,50863,5482],{"id":50862},"what-does-isinstance-return-in-python",[15,50864,45137],{},[24,50866,5485,50867,50869,50870,168],{},[15,50868,1225],{}," if the value matches the given type, otherwise ",[15,50871,4020],{},[265,50873,2191,50875,50877],{"id":50874},"can-isinstance-check-more-than-one-type",[15,50876,45137],{}," check more than one type?",[24,50879,50880,50881,168],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of types, such as ",[15,50882,50883],{},"isinstance(x, (int, float))",[265,50885,5514,50887,1139,50889,2170],{"id":50886},"what-is-the-difference-between-isinstance-and-type",[15,50888,45137],{},[15,50890,2659],{},[24,50892,50893,50895,50896,50898],{},[15,50894,2659],{}," gives the exact type. ",[15,50897,45137],{}," checks whether a value matches a type and also supports inheritance.",[265,50900,13029,50902,50904],{"id":50901},"does-isinstance-convert-a-value",[15,50903,45137],{}," convert a value?",[24,50906,50907],{},"No. It only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[80,50909,2232],{"id":2231},[28,50911,50912,50918,50922,50927,50932],{},[31,50913,50914],{},[434,50915,13,50916,439],{"href":2656},[15,50917,2659],{},[31,50919,50920],{},[434,50921,45129],{"href":49309},[31,50923,50924],{},[434,50925,50926],{"href":3318},"How to convert a string to an integer in Python",[31,50928,50929],{},[434,50930,50931],{"href":49312},"What is a data type in Python?",[31,50933,50934],{},[434,50935,50854,50936],{"href":50853},[15,50937,50857],{},[2260,50939,50940],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":90,"searchDepth":130,"depth":130,"links":50942},[50943,50944,50946,50949,50953,50954,50959,50965,50973,50974,50984],{"id":82,"depth":130,"text":83},{"id":49249,"depth":130,"text":50945},"What isinstance() does",{"id":2513,"depth":130,"text":2514,"children":50947},[50948],{"id":49340,"depth":137,"text":49341},{"id":11804,"depth":130,"text":11805,"children":50950},[50951,50952],{"id":49428,"depth":137,"text":49429},{"id":49499,"depth":137,"text":49500},{"id":49586,"depth":130,"text":49587},{"id":49783,"depth":130,"text":50955,"children":50956},"isinstance() vs type()",[50957,50958],{"id":49799,"depth":137,"text":49802},{"id":49841,"depth":137,"text":49844},{"id":49902,"depth":130,"text":49903,"children":50960},[50961,50962,50963,50964],{"id":49911,"depth":137,"text":49912},{"id":50093,"depth":137,"text":50094},{"id":50220,"depth":137,"text":50221},{"id":50298,"depth":137,"text":50299},{"id":4861,"depth":130,"text":4862,"children":50966},[50967,50969,50970,50972],{"id":50388,"depth":137,"text":50968},"Passing \"int\" instead of int",{"id":50471,"depth":137,"text":50472},{"id":50556,"depth":137,"text":50971},"Thinking isinstance() converts a value",{"id":50640,"depth":137,"text":50641},{"id":26273,"depth":130,"text":26274},{"id":2159,"depth":130,"text":2160,"children":50975},[50976,50978,50980,50982],{"id":50862,"depth":137,"text":50977},"What does isinstance() return in Python?",{"id":50874,"depth":137,"text":50979},"Can isinstance() check more than one type?",{"id":50886,"depth":137,"text":50981},"What is the difference between isinstance() and type()?",{"id":50901,"depth":137,"text":50983},"Does isinstance() convert a value?",{"id":2231,"depth":130,"text":2232},"Master python isinstance function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":49150,"description":50985},"reference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained","iF3_lagEov6vfWHAzwGq_MdJMAghMPTpi88oMC-pOfw",{"id":50991,"title":50992,"body":50993,"description":52964,"extension":2319,"meta":52965,"navigation":133,"path":52966,"seo":52967,"stem":52968,"__hash__":52969},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained.md","Python len() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":50994,"toc":52939},[50995,50998,51003,51008,51022,51025,51027,51102,51107,51111,51116,51119,51133,51135,51301,51313,51315,51317,51332,51335,51338,51351,51353,51451,51455,51461,51463,51472,51474,51509,51514,51535,51540,51545,51577,51580,51637,51641,51647,51650,51703,51705,51745,51748,51816,51819,51870,51877,51881,51887,51972,51978,51984,52033,52036,52039,52089,52091,52096,52100,52150,52154,52201,52205,52282,52286,52351,52354,52358,52363,52368,52380,52382,52401,52407,52410,52429,52434,52461,52468,52472,52478,52481,52576,52579,52582,52631,52636,52638,52642,52677,52680,52737,52747,52750,52784,52787,52789,52793,52796,52800,52803,52807,52810,52814,52827,52831,52836,52838,52888,52900,52902,52936],[10,50996,50992],{"id":50997},"python-len-function-explained",[24,50999,9456,51000,51002],{},[15,51001,42691],{}," function returns the size of an object.",[24,51004,35733,51005,51007],{},[15,51006,42691],{}," to count:",[28,51009,51010,51013,51016,51019],{},[31,51011,51012],{},"characters in a string",[31,51014,51015],{},"items in a list or tuple",[31,51017,51018],{},"keys in a dictionary",[31,51020,51021],{},"unique items in a set",[24,51023,51024],{},"It is a simple but very useful function. You will use it often when checking if something is empty, validating input, or counting stored values safely.",[80,51026,2361],{"id":2360},[85,51028,51030],{"className":87,"code":51029,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"hello\"\nitems = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(len(text))   # 5\nprint(len(items))  # 3\n",[15,51031,51032,51044,51064,51068,51085],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,51033,51034,51036,51038,51040,51042],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,51035,1803],{"class":100},[94,51037,105],{"class":104},[94,51039,1040],{"class":331},[94,51041,4190],{"class":335},[94,51043,1812],{"class":331},[94,51045,51046,51048,51050,51052,51054,51056,51058,51060,51062],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,51047,8113],{"class":100},[94,51049,105],{"class":104},[94,51051,109],{"class":108},[94,51053,2688],{"class":112},[94,51055,116],{"class":108},[94,51057,8124],{"class":112},[94,51059,116],{"class":108},[94,51061,8129],{"class":112},[94,51063,127],{"class":108},[94,51065,51066],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,51067,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,51069,51070,51072,51074,51076,51078,51080,51082],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,51071,326],{"class":145},[94,51073,149],{"class":108},[94,51075,11490],{"class":145},[94,51077,149],{"class":108},[94,51079,1817],{"class":152},[94,51081,5693],{"class":108},[94,51083,51084],{"class":159},"   # 5\n",[94,51086,51087,51089,51091,51093,51095,51097,51099],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,51088,326],{"class":145},[94,51090,149],{"class":108},[94,51092,11490],{"class":145},[94,51094,149],{"class":108},[94,51096,8144],{"class":152},[94,51098,5693],{"class":108},[94,51100,51101],{"class":159},"  # 3\n",[24,51103,54,51104,51106],{},[15,51105,42691],{}," to get the number of characters in a string or the number of items in a container like a list, tuple, set, or dictionary.",[80,51108,51110],{"id":51109},"what-len-does","What len() does",[24,51112,51113,51115],{},[15,51114,42691],{}," returns the size of an object.",[24,51117,51118],{},"Here is what that means for common Python types:",[28,51120,51121,51124,51127,51130],{},[31,51122,51123],{},"For strings, it counts characters",[31,51125,51126],{},"For lists, tuples, and sets, it counts items",[31,51128,51129],{},"For dictionaries, it counts keys",[31,51131,51132],{},"It always returns an integer",[24,51134,2566],{},[85,51136,51138],{"className":87,"code":51137,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"name = \"Sam\"\nnumbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\ndata = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nvalues = {5, 6, 7}\n\nprint(len(name))     # 3\nprint(len(numbers))  # 4\nprint(len(data))     # 2\nprint(len(values))   # 3\n",[15,51139,51140,51152,51177,51209,51229,51233,51250,51267,51284],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,51141,51142,51144,51146,51148,51150],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,51143,8211],{"class":100},[94,51145,105],{"class":104},[94,51147,1040],{"class":331},[94,51149,8010],{"class":335},[94,51151,1812],{"class":331},[94,51153,51154,51156,51158,51160,51162,51164,51166,51168,51170,51172,51175],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,51155,101],{"class":100},[94,51157,105],{"class":104},[94,51159,109],{"class":108},[94,51161,2688],{"class":112},[94,51163,116],{"class":108},[94,51165,8124],{"class":112},[94,51167,116],{"class":108},[94,51169,8129],{"class":112},[94,51171,116],{"class":108},[94,51173,51174],{"class":112}," 40",[94,51176,127],{"class":108},[94,51178,51179,51181,51183,51185,51187,51189,51191,51193,51195,51197,51199,51201,51203,51205,51207],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,51180,9499],{"class":100},[94,51182,105],{"class":104},[94,51184,10823],{"class":108},[94,51186,332],{"class":331},[94,51188,434],{"class":335},[94,51190,332],{"class":331},[94,51192,384],{"class":108},[94,51194,119],{"class":112},[94,51196,116],{"class":108},[94,51198,1040],{"class":331},[94,51200,1937],{"class":335},[94,51202,332],{"class":331},[94,51204,384],{"class":108},[94,51206,124],{"class":112},[94,51208,9641],{"class":108},[94,51210,51211,51213,51215,51217,51219,51221,51223,51225,51227],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,51212,4167],{"class":100},[94,51214,105],{"class":104},[94,51216,10823],{"class":108},[94,51218,615],{"class":112},[94,51220,116],{"class":108},[94,51222,37973],{"class":112},[94,51224,116],{"class":108},[94,51226,6325],{"class":112},[94,51228,9641],{"class":108},[94,51230,51231],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,51232,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,51234,51235,51237,51239,51241,51243,51245,51247],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,51236,326],{"class":145},[94,51238,149],{"class":108},[94,51240,11490],{"class":145},[94,51242,149],{"class":108},[94,51244,8001],{"class":152},[94,51246,5693],{"class":108},[94,51248,51249],{"class":159},"     # 3\n",[94,51251,51252,51254,51256,51258,51260,51262,51264],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,51253,326],{"class":145},[94,51255,149],{"class":108},[94,51257,11490],{"class":145},[94,51259,149],{"class":108},[94,51261,153],{"class":152},[94,51263,5693],{"class":108},[94,51265,51266],{"class":159},"  # 4\n",[94,51268,51269,51271,51273,51275,51277,51279,51281],{"class":96,"line":702},[94,51270,326],{"class":145},[94,51272,149],{"class":108},[94,51274,11490],{"class":145},[94,51276,149],{"class":108},[94,51278,9537],{"class":152},[94,51280,5693],{"class":108},[94,51282,51283],{"class":159},"     # 2\n",[94,51285,51286,51288,51290,51292,51294,51296,51298],{"class":96,"line":6763},[94,51287,326],{"class":145},[94,51289,149],{"class":108},[94,51291,11490],{"class":145},[94,51293,149],{"class":108},[94,51295,5690],{"class":152},[94,51297,5693],{"class":108},[94,51299,51300],{"class":159},"   # 3\n",[24,51302,51303,51304,2547,51308,17401,51311,168],{},"If you are still learning these data types, see ",[434,51305,51307],{"href":51306},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-strings-explained-basics-and-examples\u002F","Python strings explained",[434,51309,51310],{"href":985},"Python lists explained",[434,51312,9489],{"href":9488},[80,51314,2514],{"id":2513},[24,51316,2517],{},[85,51318,51320],{"className":87,"code":51319,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"len(object)\n",[15,51321,51322],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,51323,51324,51326,51328,51330],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,51325,11490],{"class":145},[94,51327,149],{"class":108},[94,51329,42729],{"class":913},[94,51331,316],{"class":108},[24,51333,51334],{},"You pass one object inside the parentheses.",[24,51336,51337],{},"That object must be something that has a length, such as:",[28,51339,51340,51342,51344,51346,51348],{},[31,51341,38237],{},[31,51343,38231],{},[31,51345,38234],{},[31,51347,38240],{},[31,51349,51350],{},"a dictionary",[24,51352,2566],{},[85,51354,51356],{"className":87,"code":51355,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(len(\"python\"))      # 6\nprint(len([1, 2, 3]))     # 3\nprint(len((10, 20)))      # 2\nprint(len({\"x\": 1}))      # 1\n",[15,51357,51358,51379,51403,51425],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,51359,51360,51362,51364,51366,51368,51370,51372,51374,51376],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,51361,326],{"class":145},[94,51363,149],{"class":108},[94,51365,11490],{"class":145},[94,51367,149],{"class":108},[94,51369,332],{"class":331},[94,51371,89],{"class":335},[94,51373,332],{"class":331},[94,51375,5693],{"class":108},[94,51377,51378],{"class":159},"      # 6\n",[94,51380,51381,51383,51385,51387,51389,51391,51393,51395,51397,51399,51401],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,51382,326],{"class":145},[94,51384,149],{"class":108},[94,51386,11490],{"class":145},[94,51388,3342],{"class":108},[94,51390,412],{"class":112},[94,51392,116],{"class":108},[94,51394,124],{"class":112},[94,51396,116],{"class":108},[94,51398,421],{"class":112},[94,51400,5078],{"class":108},[94,51402,51249],{"class":159},[94,51404,51405,51407,51409,51411,51413,51415,51417,51419,51422],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,51406,326],{"class":145},[94,51408,149],{"class":108},[94,51410,11490],{"class":145},[94,51412,5842],{"class":108},[94,51414,2688],{"class":112},[94,51416,116],{"class":108},[94,51418,8124],{"class":112},[94,51420,51421],{"class":108},")))",[94,51423,51424],{"class":159},"      # 2\n",[94,51426,51427,51429,51431,51433,51435,51437,51439,51441,51443,51445,51448],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,51428,326],{"class":145},[94,51430,149],{"class":108},[94,51432,11490],{"class":145},[94,51434,5861],{"class":108},[94,51436,332],{"class":331},[94,51438,2531],{"class":335},[94,51440,332],{"class":331},[94,51442,384],{"class":108},[94,51444,119],{"class":112},[94,51446,51447],{"class":108},"}))",[94,51449,51450],{"class":159},"      # 1\n",[80,51452,51454],{"id":51453},"using-len-with-strings","Using len() with strings",[24,51456,51457,51458,51460],{},"When you use ",[15,51459,42691],{}," on a string, Python counts every character.",[24,51462,246],{},[28,51464,51465,51467,51469],{},[31,51466,36471],{},[31,51468,10784],{},[31,51470,51471],{},"punctuation",[24,51473,2566],{},[85,51475,51477],{"className":87,"code":51476,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"Hi there!\"\nprint(len(text))  # 9\n",[15,51478,51479,51492],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,51480,51481,51483,51485,51487,51490],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,51482,1803],{"class":100},[94,51484,105],{"class":104},[94,51486,1040],{"class":331},[94,51488,51489],{"class":335},"Hi there!",[94,51491,1812],{"class":331},[94,51493,51494,51496,51498,51500,51502,51504,51506],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,51495,326],{"class":145},[94,51497,149],{"class":108},[94,51499,11490],{"class":145},[94,51501,149],{"class":108},[94,51503,1817],{"class":152},[94,51505,5693],{"class":108},[94,51507,51508],{"class":159},"  # 9\n",[24,51510,51511,51512,2170],{},"Why is the result ",[15,51513,2500],{},[28,51515,51516,51522,51526,51529],{},[31,51517,51518,51521],{},[15,51519,51520],{},"H"," = 1",[31,51523,51524,51521],{},[15,51525,36482],{},[31,51527,51528],{},"space = 1",[31,51530,51531,51534],{},[15,51532,51533],{},"t h e r e !"," = 6",[24,51536,51537,51538],{},"Total: ",[15,51539,2500],{},[24,51541,51542,51543,384],{},"An empty string has length ",[15,51544,2476],{},[85,51546,51548],{"className":87,"code":51547,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"empty_text = \"\"\nprint(len(empty_text))  # 0\n",[15,51549,51550,51559],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,51551,51552,51555,51557],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,51553,51554],{"class":100},"empty_text ",[94,51556,105],{"class":104},[94,51558,8216],{"class":331},[94,51560,51561,51563,51565,51567,51569,51572,51574],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,51562,326],{"class":145},[94,51564,149],{"class":108},[94,51566,11490],{"class":145},[94,51568,149],{"class":108},[94,51570,51571],{"class":152},"empty_text",[94,51573,5693],{"class":108},[94,51575,51576],{"class":159},"  # 0\n",[24,51578,51579],{},"This matters when checking user input:",[85,51581,51583],{"className":87,"code":51582,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"user_name = \"Alice\"\n\nif len(user_name) >= 3:\n    print(\"Name is long enough\")\n",[15,51584,51585,51598,51602,51622],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,51586,51587,51590,51592,51594,51596],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,51588,51589],{"class":100},"user_name ",[94,51591,105],{"class":104},[94,51593,1040],{"class":331},[94,51595,1043],{"class":335},[94,51597,1812],{"class":331},[94,51599,51600],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,51601,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,51603,51604,51606,51608,51610,51613,51615,51618,51620],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,51605,7330],{"class":4221},[94,51607,38716],{"class":145},[94,51609,149],{"class":108},[94,51611,51612],{"class":152},"user_name",[94,51614,156],{"class":108},[94,51616,51617],{"class":104}," >=",[94,51619,421],{"class":112},[94,51621,6726],{"class":108},[94,51623,51624,51626,51628,51630,51633,51635],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,51625,8404],{"class":145},[94,51627,149],{"class":108},[94,51629,332],{"class":331},[94,51631,51632],{"class":335},"Name is long enough",[94,51634,332],{"class":331},[94,51636,316],{"class":108},[80,51638,51640],{"id":51639},"using-len-with-lists-and-tuples","Using len() with lists and tuples",[24,51642,51643,51644,51646],{},"For lists and tuples, ",[15,51645,42691],{}," counts how many elements are stored.",[24,51648,51649],{},"Example with a list:",[85,51651,51653],{"className":87,"code":51652,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))  # 3\n",[15,51654,51655,51687],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,51656,51657,51659,51661,51663,51665,51667,51669,51671,51673,51675,51677,51679,51681,51683,51685],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,51658,13402],{"class":100},[94,51660,105],{"class":104},[94,51662,109],{"class":108},[94,51664,332],{"class":331},[94,51666,13419],{"class":335},[94,51668,332],{"class":331},[94,51670,116],{"class":108},[94,51672,1040],{"class":331},[94,51674,17785],{"class":335},[94,51676,332],{"class":331},[94,51678,116],{"class":108},[94,51680,1040],{"class":331},[94,51682,13436],{"class":335},[94,51684,332],{"class":331},[94,51686,127],{"class":108},[94,51688,51689,51691,51693,51695,51697,51699,51701],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,51690,326],{"class":145},[94,51692,149],{"class":108},[94,51694,11490],{"class":145},[94,51696,149],{"class":108},[94,51698,17832],{"class":152},[94,51700,5693],{"class":108},[94,51702,51101],{"class":159},[24,51704,38246],{},[85,51706,51708],{"className":87,"code":51707,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"point = (10, 20)\nprint(len(point))  # 2\n",[15,51709,51710,51727],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,51711,51712,51715,51717,51719,51721,51723,51725],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,51713,51714],{"class":100},"point ",[94,51716,105],{"class":104},[94,51718,854],{"class":108},[94,51720,2688],{"class":112},[94,51722,116],{"class":108},[94,51724,8124],{"class":112},[94,51726,316],{"class":108},[94,51728,51729,51731,51733,51735,51737,51740,51742],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,51730,326],{"class":145},[94,51732,149],{"class":108},[94,51734,11490],{"class":145},[94,51736,149],{"class":108},[94,51738,51739],{"class":152},"point",[94,51741,5693],{"class":108},[94,51743,51744],{"class":159},"  # 2\n",[24,51746,51747],{},"This is useful before indexing so you do not try to access an item that is not there:",[85,51749,51751],{"className":87,"code":51750,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\n\nif len(items) > 1:\n    print(items[1])  # banana\n",[15,51752,51753,51777,51781,51799],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,51754,51755,51757,51759,51761,51763,51765,51767,51769,51771,51773,51775],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,51756,8113],{"class":100},[94,51758,105],{"class":104},[94,51760,109],{"class":108},[94,51762,332],{"class":331},[94,51764,1332],{"class":335},[94,51766,332],{"class":331},[94,51768,116],{"class":108},[94,51770,1040],{"class":331},[94,51772,4432],{"class":335},[94,51774,332],{"class":331},[94,51776,127],{"class":108},[94,51778,51779],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,51780,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,51782,51783,51785,51787,51789,51791,51793,51795,51797],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,51784,7330],{"class":4221},[94,51786,38716],{"class":145},[94,51788,149],{"class":108},[94,51790,8144],{"class":152},[94,51792,156],{"class":108},[94,51794,38726],{"class":104},[94,51796,119],{"class":112},[94,51798,6726],{"class":108},[94,51800,51801,51803,51805,51807,51809,51811,51813],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,51802,8404],{"class":145},[94,51804,149],{"class":108},[94,51806,8144],{"class":152},[94,51808,539],{"class":108},[94,51810,412],{"class":112},[94,51812,20777],{"class":108},[94,51814,51815],{"class":159},"  # banana\n",[24,51817,51818],{},"It is also common in loops and checks:",[85,51820,51822],{"className":87,"code":51821,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"scores = [88, 91, 75]\nprint(\"Number of scores:\", len(scores))\n",[15,51823,51824,51847],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,51825,51826,51828,51830,51832,51835,51837,51840,51842,51845],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,51827,5401],{"class":100},[94,51829,105],{"class":104},[94,51831,109],{"class":108},[94,51833,51834],{"class":112},"88",[94,51836,116],{"class":108},[94,51838,51839],{"class":112}," 91",[94,51841,116],{"class":108},[94,51843,51844],{"class":112}," 75",[94,51846,127],{"class":108},[94,51848,51849,51851,51853,51855,51858,51860,51862,51864,51866,51868],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,51850,326],{"class":145},[94,51852,149],{"class":108},[94,51854,332],{"class":331},[94,51856,51857],{"class":335},"Number of scores:",[94,51859,332],{"class":331},[94,51861,116],{"class":108},[94,51863,38716],{"class":145},[94,51865,149],{"class":108},[94,51867,16717],{"class":152},[94,51869,921],{"class":108},[24,51871,51872,51873,168],{},"If you want a task-focused example, see ",[434,51874,51876],{"href":51875},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to get the length of a list in Python",[80,51878,51880],{"id":51879},"using-len-with-dictionaries-and-sets","Using len() with dictionaries and sets",[24,51882,51883,51884,51886],{},"For dictionaries, ",[15,51885,42691],{}," counts keys.",[85,51888,51890],{"className":87,"code":51889,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Mia\",\n    \"age\": 12,\n    \"grade\": \"A\"\n}\n\nprint(len(student))  # 3\n",[15,51891,51892,51900,51918,51932,51948,51952,51956],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,51893,51894,51896,51898],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,51895,13189],{"class":100},[94,51897,105],{"class":104},[94,51899,11823],{"class":108},[94,51901,51902,51904,51906,51908,51910,51912,51914,51916],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,51903,11828],{"class":331},[94,51905,8001],{"class":335},[94,51907,332],{"class":331},[94,51909,384],{"class":108},[94,51911,1040],{"class":331},[94,51913,8256],{"class":335},[94,51915,332],{"class":331},[94,51917,11844],{"class":108},[94,51919,51920,51922,51924,51926,51928,51930],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,51921,11828],{"class":331},[94,51923,9631],{"class":335},[94,51925,332],{"class":331},[94,51927,384],{"class":108},[94,51929,31274],{"class":112},[94,51931,11844],{"class":108},[94,51933,51934,51936,51938,51940,51942,51944,51946],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,51935,11828],{"class":331},[94,51937,20222],{"class":335},[94,51939,332],{"class":331},[94,51941,384],{"class":108},[94,51943,1040],{"class":331},[94,51945,22576],{"class":335},[94,51947,1812],{"class":331},[94,51949,51950],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,51951,9641],{"class":108},[94,51953,51954],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,51955,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,51957,51958,51960,51962,51964,51966,51968,51970],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,51959,326],{"class":145},[94,51961,149],{"class":108},[94,51963,11490],{"class":145},[94,51965,149],{"class":108},[94,51967,13953],{"class":152},[94,51969,5693],{"class":108},[94,51971,51101],{"class":159},[24,51973,51974,51975,51977],{},"Even though the dictionary has keys and values, ",[15,51976,42691],{}," returns the number of keys.",[24,51979,51980,51981,51983],{},"For sets, ",[15,51982,42691],{}," counts unique items:",[85,51985,51987],{"className":87,"code":51986,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 3, 2}\nprint(len(numbers))  # 3\n",[15,51988,51989,52017],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,51990,51991,51993,51995,51997,51999,52001,52003,52005,52007,52009,52011,52013,52015],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,51992,101],{"class":100},[94,51994,105],{"class":104},[94,51996,10823],{"class":108},[94,51998,412],{"class":112},[94,52000,116],{"class":108},[94,52002,124],{"class":112},[94,52004,116],{"class":108},[94,52006,421],{"class":112},[94,52008,116],{"class":108},[94,52010,421],{"class":112},[94,52012,116],{"class":108},[94,52014,124],{"class":112},[94,52016,9641],{"class":108},[94,52018,52019,52021,52023,52025,52027,52029,52031],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,52020,326],{"class":145},[94,52022,149],{"class":108},[94,52024,11490],{"class":145},[94,52026,149],{"class":108},[94,52028,153],{"class":152},[94,52030,5693],{"class":108},[94,52032,51101],{"class":159},[24,52034,52035],{},"The repeated values are removed in a set, so only unique items are counted.",[24,52037,52038],{},"This is useful when checking if a collection is empty:",[85,52040,52042],{"className":87,"code":52041,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"data = {}\n\nif len(data) == 0:\n    print(\"The dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,52043,52044,52052,52056,52074],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,52045,52046,52048,52050],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,52047,9499],{"class":100},[94,52049,105],{"class":104},[94,52051,10170],{"class":108},[94,52053,52054],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,52055,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,52057,52058,52060,52062,52064,52066,52068,52070,52072],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,52059,7330],{"class":4221},[94,52061,38716],{"class":145},[94,52063,149],{"class":108},[94,52065,9537],{"class":152},[94,52067,156],{"class":108},[94,52069,6741],{"class":104},[94,52071,4178],{"class":112},[94,52073,6726],{"class":108},[94,52075,52076,52078,52080,52082,52085,52087],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,52077,8404],{"class":145},[94,52079,149],{"class":108},[94,52081,332],{"class":331},[94,52083,52084],{"class":335},"The dictionary is empty",[94,52086,332],{"class":331},[94,52088,316],{"class":108},[80,52090,41376],{"id":41375},[24,52092,52093,52094,168],{},"Here are some practical ways beginners use ",[15,52095,42691],{},[265,52097,52099],{"id":52098},"check-if-a-list-is-empty","Check if a list is empty",[85,52101,52103],{"className":87,"code":52102,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"items = []\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,52104,52105,52113,52117,52135],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,52106,52107,52109,52111],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,52108,8113],{"class":100},[94,52110,105],{"class":104},[94,52112,8173],{"class":108},[94,52114,52115],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,52116,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,52118,52119,52121,52123,52125,52127,52129,52131,52133],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,52120,7330],{"class":4221},[94,52122,38716],{"class":145},[94,52124,149],{"class":108},[94,52126,8144],{"class":152},[94,52128,156],{"class":108},[94,52130,6741],{"class":104},[94,52132,4178],{"class":112},[94,52134,6726],{"class":108},[94,52136,52137,52139,52141,52143,52146,52148],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,52138,8404],{"class":145},[94,52140,149],{"class":108},[94,52142,332],{"class":331},[94,52144,52145],{"class":335},"The list is empty",[94,52147,332],{"class":331},[94,52149,316],{"class":108},[265,52151,52153],{"id":52152},"count-letters-in-user-input","Count letters in user input",[85,52155,52157],{"className":87,"code":52156,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"word = input(\"Enter a word: \")\nprint(\"Number of characters:\", len(word))\n",[15,52158,52159,52178],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,52160,52161,52163,52165,52167,52169,52171,52174,52176],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,52162,6486],{"class":100},[94,52164,105],{"class":104},[94,52166,8577],{"class":145},[94,52168,149],{"class":108},[94,52170,332],{"class":331},[94,52172,52173],{"class":335},"Enter a word: ",[94,52175,332],{"class":331},[94,52177,316],{"class":108},[94,52179,52180,52182,52184,52186,52189,52191,52193,52195,52197,52199],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,52181,326],{"class":145},[94,52183,149],{"class":108},[94,52185,332],{"class":331},[94,52187,52188],{"class":335},"Number of characters:",[94,52190,332],{"class":331},[94,52192,116],{"class":108},[94,52194,38716],{"class":145},[94,52196,149],{"class":108},[94,52198,38721],{"class":152},[94,52200,921],{"class":108},[265,52202,52204],{"id":52203},"validate-minimum-password-length","Validate minimum password length",[85,52206,52208],{"className":87,"code":52207,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"password = \"secret123\"\n\nif len(password) >= 8:\n    print(\"Password length is valid\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Password is too short\")\n",[15,52209,52210,52224,52228,52246,52261,52267],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,52211,52212,52215,52217,52219,52222],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,52213,52214],{"class":100},"password ",[94,52216,105],{"class":104},[94,52218,1040],{"class":331},[94,52220,52221],{"class":335},"secret123",[94,52223,1812],{"class":331},[94,52225,52226],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,52227,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,52229,52230,52232,52234,52236,52238,52240,52242,52244],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,52231,7330],{"class":4221},[94,52233,38716],{"class":145},[94,52235,149],{"class":108},[94,52237,17951],{"class":152},[94,52239,156],{"class":108},[94,52241,51617],{"class":104},[94,52243,6692],{"class":112},[94,52245,6726],{"class":108},[94,52247,52248,52250,52252,52254,52257,52259],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,52249,8404],{"class":145},[94,52251,149],{"class":108},[94,52253,332],{"class":331},[94,52255,52256],{"class":335},"Password length is valid",[94,52258,332],{"class":331},[94,52260,316],{"class":108},[94,52262,52263,52265],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,52264,27765],{"class":4221},[94,52266,6726],{"class":108},[94,52268,52269,52271,52273,52275,52278,52280],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,52270,8404],{"class":145},[94,52272,149],{"class":108},[94,52274,332],{"class":331},[94,52276,52277],{"class":335},"Password is too short",[94,52279,332],{"class":331},[94,52281,316],{"class":108},[265,52283,52285],{"id":52284},"check-how-many-items-were-read","Check how many items were read",[85,52287,52289],{"className":87,"code":52288,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"results = [\"item1\", \"item2\", \"item3\"]\nprint(\"Items found:\", len(results))\n",[15,52290,52291,52327],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,52292,52293,52296,52298,52300,52302,52305,52307,52309,52311,52314,52316,52318,52320,52323,52325],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,52294,52295],{"class":100},"results ",[94,52297,105],{"class":104},[94,52299,109],{"class":108},[94,52301,332],{"class":331},[94,52303,52304],{"class":335},"item1",[94,52306,332],{"class":331},[94,52308,116],{"class":108},[94,52310,1040],{"class":331},[94,52312,52313],{"class":335},"item2",[94,52315,332],{"class":331},[94,52317,116],{"class":108},[94,52319,1040],{"class":331},[94,52321,52322],{"class":335},"item3",[94,52324,332],{"class":331},[94,52326,127],{"class":108},[94,52328,52329,52331,52333,52335,52338,52340,52342,52344,52346,52349],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,52330,326],{"class":145},[94,52332,149],{"class":108},[94,52334,332],{"class":331},[94,52336,52337],{"class":335},"Items found:",[94,52339,332],{"class":331},[94,52341,116],{"class":108},[94,52343,38716],{"class":145},[94,52345,149],{"class":108},[94,52347,52348],{"class":152},"results",[94,52350,921],{"class":108},[24,52352,52353],{},"These are the kinds of small checks that make programs safer and easier to debug.",[80,52355,52357],{"id":52356},"objects-that-can-cause-errors","Objects that can cause errors",[24,52359,52360,52362],{},[15,52361,42691],{}," does not work on every value.",[24,52364,52365,52366,384],{},"These will raise a ",[15,52367,3361],{},[28,52369,52370,52373,52376],{},[31,52371,52372],{},"plain integers",[31,52374,52375],{},"floats",[31,52377,52378],{},[15,52379,77],{},[24,52381,2566],{},[85,52383,52385],{"className":87,"code":52384,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(len(5))\n",[15,52386,52387],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,52388,52389,52391,52393,52395,52397,52399],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,52390,326],{"class":145},[94,52392,149],{"class":108},[94,52394,11490],{"class":145},[94,52396,149],{"class":108},[94,52398,615],{"class":112},[94,52400,921],{"class":108},[24,52402,52403,52404,52406],{},"This causes an error because the integer ",[15,52405,615],{}," does not have a length.",[24,52408,52409],{},"Another example:",[85,52411,52413],{"className":87,"code":52412,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(len(3.14))\n",[15,52414,52415],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,52416,52417,52419,52421,52423,52425,52427],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,52418,326],{"class":145},[94,52420,149],{"class":108},[94,52422,11490],{"class":145},[94,52424,149],{"class":108},[94,52426,40473],{"class":112},[94,52428,921],{"class":108},[24,52430,52431,52432,384],{},"And with ",[15,52433,77],{},[85,52435,52437],{"className":87,"code":52436,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"value = None\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,52438,52439,52447],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,52440,52441,52443,52445],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,52442,2804],{"class":100},[94,52444,105],{"class":104},[94,52446,48859],{"class":1224},[94,52448,52449,52451,52453,52455,52457,52459],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,52450,326],{"class":145},[94,52452,149],{"class":108},[94,52454,11490],{"class":145},[94,52456,149],{"class":108},[94,52458,2829],{"class":152},[94,52460,921],{"class":108},[24,52462,52463,52464,168],{},"If your code fails because a value is missing, it may help to read ",[434,52465,52467],{"href":52466},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-nonetype-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable",[80,52469,52471],{"id":52470},"how-to-avoid-mistakes","How to avoid mistakes",[24,52473,52474,52475,52477],{},"Before using ",[15,52476,42691],{},", make sure the value is a string or collection.",[24,52479,52480],{},"Helpful debugging steps:",[85,52482,52484],{"className":87,"code":52483,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"value = None\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(isinstance(value, list))\nprint(isinstance(value, dict))\n",[15,52485,52486,52494,52498,52508,52522,52540,52558],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,52487,52488,52490,52492],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,52489,2804],{"class":100},[94,52491,105],{"class":104},[94,52493,48859],{"class":1224},[94,52495,52496],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,52497,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,52499,52500,52502,52504,52506],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,52501,326],{"class":145},[94,52503,149],{"class":108},[94,52505,2829],{"class":152},[94,52507,316],{"class":108},[94,52509,52510,52512,52514,52516,52518,52520],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,52511,326],{"class":145},[94,52513,149],{"class":108},[94,52515,914],{"class":913},[94,52517,149],{"class":108},[94,52519,2829],{"class":152},[94,52521,921],{"class":108},[94,52523,52524,52526,52528,52530,52532,52534,52536,52538],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,52525,326],{"class":145},[94,52527,149],{"class":108},[94,52529,49207],{"class":145},[94,52531,149],{"class":108},[94,52533,2829],{"class":152},[94,52535,116],{"class":108},[94,52537,49236],{"class":913},[94,52539,921],{"class":108},[94,52541,52542,52544,52546,52548,52550,52552,52554,52556],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,52543,326],{"class":145},[94,52545,149],{"class":108},[94,52547,49207],{"class":145},[94,52549,149],{"class":108},[94,52551,2829],{"class":152},[94,52553,116],{"class":108},[94,52555,22891],{"class":913},[94,52557,921],{"class":108},[94,52559,52560,52562,52564,52566,52568,52570,52572,52574],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,52561,326],{"class":145},[94,52563,149],{"class":108},[94,52565,49207],{"class":145},[94,52567,149],{"class":108},[94,52569,2829],{"class":152},[94,52571,116],{"class":108},[94,52573,9504],{"class":913},[94,52575,921],{"class":108},[24,52577,52578],{},"This helps you see what the variable actually contains.",[24,52580,52581],{},"You can also use a safe check:",[85,52583,52585],{"className":87,"code":52584,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"value = \"hello\"\n\nif value is not None:\n    print(len(value))\n",[15,52586,52587,52599,52603,52617],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,52588,52589,52591,52593,52595,52597],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,52590,2804],{"class":100},[94,52592,105],{"class":104},[94,52594,1040],{"class":331},[94,52596,4190],{"class":335},[94,52598,1812],{"class":331},[94,52600,52601],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,52602,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,52604,52605,52607,52609,52611,52613,52615],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,52606,7330],{"class":4221},[94,52608,21915],{"class":100},[94,52610,12519],{"class":104},[94,52612,8434],{"class":104},[94,52614,4197],{"class":1224},[94,52616,6726],{"class":108},[94,52618,52619,52621,52623,52625,52627,52629],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,52620,8404],{"class":145},[94,52622,149],{"class":108},[94,52624,11490],{"class":145},[94,52626,149],{"class":108},[94,52628,2829],{"class":152},[94,52630,921],{"class":108},[24,52632,52633,52634,168],{},"If you are learning how to inspect values, see ",[434,52635,8775],{"href":2656},[80,52637,3186],{"id":3185},[24,52639,23426,52640,384],{},[15,52641,42691],{},[28,52643,52644,52652,52660,52668,52674],{},[31,52645,1484,52646,52648,52649],{},[15,52647,42691],{}," on an integer like ",[15,52650,52651],{},"len(5)",[31,52653,1484,52654,52656,52657],{},[15,52655,42691],{}," on a float like ",[15,52658,52659],{},"len(3.14)",[31,52661,1484,52662,52664,52665,52667],{},[15,52663,42691],{}," on ",[15,52666,77],{}," after a function returns nothing",[31,52669,4923,52670,52673],{},[15,52671,52672],{},"len(dictionary)"," counts values instead of keys",[31,52675,52676],{},"Forgetting that spaces count in string length",[24,52678,52679],{},"Example of a dictionary misunderstanding:",[85,52681,52683],{"className":87,"code":52682,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(len(person))  # 2\n",[15,52684,52685,52721],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,52686,52687,52689,52691,52693,52695,52697,52699,52701,52703,52705,52707,52709,52711,52713,52715,52717,52719],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,52688,13531],{"class":100},[94,52690,105],{"class":104},[94,52692,10823],{"class":108},[94,52694,332],{"class":331},[94,52696,8001],{"class":335},[94,52698,332],{"class":331},[94,52700,384],{"class":108},[94,52702,1040],{"class":331},[94,52704,13206],{"class":335},[94,52706,332],{"class":331},[94,52708,116],{"class":108},[94,52710,1040],{"class":331},[94,52712,9631],{"class":335},[94,52714,332],{"class":331},[94,52716,384],{"class":108},[94,52718,8124],{"class":112},[94,52720,9641],{"class":108},[94,52722,52723,52725,52727,52729,52731,52733,52735],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,52724,326],{"class":145},[94,52726,149],{"class":108},[94,52728,11490],{"class":145},[94,52730,149],{"class":108},[94,52732,17636],{"class":152},[94,52734,5693],{"class":108},[94,52736,51744],{"class":159},[24,52738,37924,52739,52741,52742,1139,52744,168],{},[15,52740,763],{}," because there are two keys: ",[15,52743,15567],{},[15,52745,52746],{},"\"age\"",[24,52748,52749],{},"Example showing that spaces count:",[85,52751,52753],{"className":87,"code":52752,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"a b\"\nprint(len(text))  # 3\n",[15,52754,52755,52768],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,52756,52757,52759,52761,52763,52766],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,52758,1803],{"class":100},[94,52760,105],{"class":104},[94,52762,1040],{"class":331},[94,52764,52765],{"class":335},"a b",[94,52767,1812],{"class":331},[94,52769,52770,52772,52774,52776,52778,52780,52782],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,52771,326],{"class":145},[94,52773,149],{"class":108},[94,52775,11490],{"class":145},[94,52777,149],{"class":108},[94,52779,1817],{"class":152},[94,52781,5693],{"class":108},[94,52783,51101],{"class":159},[24,52785,52786],{},"The space in the middle is counted as a character.",[80,52788,2160],{"id":2159},[265,52790,52792],{"id":52791},"what-does-len-return-in-python","What does len() return in Python?",[24,52794,52795],{},"It returns an integer that shows how many characters or items an object contains.",[265,52797,52799],{"id":52798},"does-len-count-spaces-in-a-string","Does len() count spaces in a string?",[24,52801,52802],{},"Yes. Spaces are characters, so they are included.",[265,52804,52806],{"id":52805},"what-does-len-return-for-a-dictionary","What does len() return for a dictionary?",[24,52808,52809],{},"It returns the number of keys in the dictionary.",[265,52811,52813],{"id":52812},"can-i-use-len-on-a-number","Can I use len() on a number?",[24,52815,52816,52817,52819,52820,2167,52822,52824,52825,168],{},"No. Using ",[15,52818,42691],{}," on an ",[15,52821,2546],{},[15,52823,2550],{}," raises a ",[15,52826,3361],{},[265,52828,52830],{"id":52829},"how-do-i-check-if-a-list-is-empty","How do I check if a list is empty?",[24,52832,8096,52833,168],{},[15,52834,52835],{},"len(my_list) == 0",[24,52837,2566],{},[85,52839,52841],{"className":87,"code":52840,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"my_list = []\n\nif len(my_list) == 0:\n    print(\"Empty list\")\n",[15,52842,52843,52851,52855,52873],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,52844,52845,52847,52849],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,52846,8643],{"class":100},[94,52848,105],{"class":104},[94,52850,8173],{"class":108},[94,52852,52853],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,52854,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,52856,52857,52859,52861,52863,52865,52867,52869,52871],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,52858,7330],{"class":4221},[94,52860,38716],{"class":145},[94,52862,149],{"class":108},[94,52864,594],{"class":152},[94,52866,156],{"class":108},[94,52868,6741],{"class":104},[94,52870,4178],{"class":112},[94,52872,6726],{"class":108},[94,52874,52875,52877,52879,52881,52884,52886],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,52876,8404],{"class":145},[94,52878,149],{"class":108},[94,52880,332],{"class":331},[94,52882,52883],{"class":335},"Empty list",[94,52885,332],{"class":331},[94,52887,316],{"class":108},[24,52889,52890,52891,52893,52894,52896,52897,52899],{},"You should also learn that an empty list is treated as ",[15,52892,4020],{}," in an ",[15,52895,7330],{}," statement, but ",[15,52898,42691],{}," is often clearer for beginners.",[80,52901,2232],{"id":2231},[28,52903,52904,52908,52912,52916,52921,52925,52931],{},[31,52905,52906],{},[434,52907,51307],{"href":51306},[31,52909,52910],{},[434,52911,51310],{"href":985},[31,52913,52914],{},[434,52915,9489],{"href":9488},[31,52917,52918],{},[434,52919,52920],{"href":51875},"How to get the length of a list in Python",[31,52922,52923],{},[434,52924,8775],{"href":2656},[31,52926,52927],{},[434,52928,52930],{"href":52929},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable fix",[31,52932,52933],{},[434,52934,52935],{"href":52466},"TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable fix",[2260,52937,52938],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":90,"searchDepth":130,"depth":130,"links":52940},[52941,52942,52943,52944,52945,52946,52947,52953,52954,52955,52956,52963],{"id":2360,"depth":130,"text":2361},{"id":51109,"depth":130,"text":51110},{"id":2513,"depth":130,"text":2514},{"id":51453,"depth":130,"text":51454},{"id":51639,"depth":130,"text":51640},{"id":51879,"depth":130,"text":51880},{"id":41375,"depth":130,"text":41376,"children":52948},[52949,52950,52951,52952],{"id":52098,"depth":137,"text":52099},{"id":52152,"depth":137,"text":52153},{"id":52203,"depth":137,"text":52204},{"id":52284,"depth":137,"text":52285},{"id":52356,"depth":130,"text":52357},{"id":52470,"depth":130,"text":52471},{"id":3185,"depth":130,"text":3186},{"id":2159,"depth":130,"text":2160,"children":52957},[52958,52959,52960,52961,52962],{"id":52791,"depth":137,"text":52792},{"id":52798,"depth":137,"text":52799},{"id":52805,"depth":137,"text":52806},{"id":52812,"depth":137,"text":52813},{"id":52829,"depth":137,"text":52830},{"id":2231,"depth":130,"text":2232},"Master python len function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained",{"title":50992,"description":52964},"reference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained","du6gacH3zkUY8V4BWqahXrJZO1Il9uelaQIY05kGhk4",{"id":52971,"title":52972,"body":52973,"description":54656,"extension":2319,"meta":54657,"navigation":133,"path":54658,"seo":54659,"stem":54660,"__hash__":54661},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method.md","Python List append() Method",{"type":7,"value":52974,"toc":54629},[52975,52978,52992,52998,53000,53054,53059,53063,53079,53082,53096,53101,53103,53106,53125,53141,53143,53219,53221,53258,53269,53271,53274,53335,53337,53370,53373,53379,53383,53386,53511,53513,53572,53580,53633,53635,53662,53668,53678,53682,53685,53690,53742,53744,53770,53776,53830,53832,53857,53860,53884,53890,53892,53896,53898,53955,53957,53965,53967,53988,53990,54043,54045,54069,54073,54075,54114,54116,54124,54130,54134,54186,54188,54214,54222,54226,54231,54240,54242,54308,54310,54342,54346,54351,54353,54367,54370,54443,54445,54471,54473,54477,54484,54488,54495,54499,54502,54504,54557,54559,54585,54589,54598,54600,54626],[10,52976,52972],{"id":52977},"python-list-append-method",[24,52979,2336,52980,52983,52984,52987,52988,52991],{},[15,52981,52982],{},"append()"," method adds ",[43,52985,52986],{},"one item"," to the ",[43,52989,52990],{},"end"," of a Python list.",[24,52993,52994,52995,52997],{},"Use it when you want to grow a list step by step. This method changes the original list directly, so it does ",[43,52996,45],{}," create a new list.",[80,52999,83],{"id":82},[85,53001,53003],{"className":87,"code":53002,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.append(4)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,53004,53005,53025,53039,53049],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,53006,53007,53009,53011,53013,53015,53017,53019,53021,53023],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,53008,101],{"class":100},[94,53010,105],{"class":104},[94,53012,109],{"class":108},[94,53014,412],{"class":112},[94,53016,116],{"class":108},[94,53018,124],{"class":112},[94,53020,116],{"class":108},[94,53022,421],{"class":112},[94,53024,127],{"class":108},[94,53026,53027,53029,53031,53033,53035,53037],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,53028,153],{"class":100},[94,53030,168],{"class":108},[94,53032,13880],{"class":152},[94,53034,149],{"class":108},[94,53036,857],{"class":112},[94,53038,316],{"class":108},[94,53040,53041,53043,53045,53047],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,53042,326],{"class":145},[94,53044,149],{"class":108},[94,53046,153],{"class":152},[94,53048,316],{"class":108},[94,53050,53051],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,53052,53053],{"class":159},"# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[24,53055,54,53056,53058],{},[15,53057,52982],{}," to add one item to the end of a list. It changes the original list.",[80,53060,53062],{"id":53061},"what-append-does","What append() does",[28,53064,53065,53070,53073,53076],{},[31,53066,53067,53069],{},[15,53068,52982],{}," adds one item to the end of a list",[31,53071,53072],{},"It changes the existing list in place",[31,53074,53075],{},"It does not create a new list",[31,53077,53078],{},"It can add any Python object as one item",[24,53080,53081],{},"This means you can append:",[28,53083,53084,53086,53088,53090,53092,53094],{},[31,53085,153],{},[31,53087,257],{},[31,53089,40924],{},[31,53091,251],{},[31,53093,7584],{},[31,53095,34993],{},[24,53097,53098,53099,168],{},"If you need a broader introduction to lists first, see ",[434,53100,986],{"href":985},[80,53102,5763],{"id":5762},[24,53104,53105],{},"Basic form:",[85,53107,53109],{"className":87,"code":53108,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"my_list.append(item)\n",[15,53110,53111],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,53112,53113,53115,53117,53119,53121,53123],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,53114,594],{"class":100},[94,53116,168],{"class":108},[94,53118,13880],{"class":152},[94,53120,149],{"class":108},[94,53122,23642],{"class":152},[94,53124,316],{"class":108},[28,53126,53127,53132,53137],{},[31,53128,53129,53131],{},[15,53130,594],{}," is the list you want to change",[31,53133,53134,53136],{},[15,53135,23642],{}," is the value or object to add",[31,53138,12238,53139],{},[15,53140,77],{},[24,53142,2566],{},[85,53144,53146],{"className":87,"code":53145,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nresult = fruits.append(\"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(result)\n",[15,53147,53148,53172,53195,53199,53209],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,53149,53150,53152,53154,53156,53158,53160,53162,53164,53166,53168,53170],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,53151,36567],{"class":100},[94,53153,105],{"class":104},[94,53155,109],{"class":108},[94,53157,332],{"class":331},[94,53159,1332],{"class":335},[94,53161,332],{"class":331},[94,53163,116],{"class":108},[94,53165,1040],{"class":331},[94,53167,4432],{"class":335},[94,53169,332],{"class":331},[94,53171,127],{"class":108},[94,53173,53174,53176,53178,53181,53183,53185,53187,53189,53191,53193],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,53175,305],{"class":100},[94,53177,105],{"class":104},[94,53179,53180],{"class":100}," fruits",[94,53182,168],{"class":108},[94,53184,13880],{"class":152},[94,53186,149],{"class":108},[94,53188,332],{"class":331},[94,53190,33552],{"class":335},[94,53192,332],{"class":331},[94,53194,316],{"class":108},[94,53196,53197],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,53198,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,53200,53201,53203,53205,53207],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,53202,326],{"class":145},[94,53204,149],{"class":108},[94,53206,36619],{"class":152},[94,53208,316],{"class":108},[94,53210,53211,53213,53215,53217],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,53212,326],{"class":145},[94,53214,149],{"class":108},[94,53216,902],{"class":152},[94,53218,316],{"class":108},[24,53220,371],{},[85,53222,53224],{"className":87,"code":53223,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\nNone\n",[15,53225,53226,53254],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,53227,53228,53230,53232,53234,53236,53238,53240,53242,53244,53246,53248,53250,53252],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,53229,539],{"class":108},[94,53231,968],{"class":331},[94,53233,1332],{"class":335},[94,53235,968],{"class":331},[94,53237,116],{"class":108},[94,53239,962],{"class":331},[94,53241,4432],{"class":335},[94,53243,968],{"class":331},[94,53245,116],{"class":108},[94,53247,962],{"class":331},[94,53249,33552],{"class":335},[94,53251,968],{"class":331},[94,53253,127],{"class":108},[94,53255,53256],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,53257,1593],{"class":1224},[24,53259,53260,53261,53263,53264,53266,53267,168],{},"The important detail is that ",[15,53262,52982],{}," updates ",[15,53265,36619],{},", but the method itself returns ",[15,53268,77],{},[80,53270,11805],{"id":11804},[24,53272,53273],{},"Start with a short list, append one value, then print the list.",[85,53275,53277],{"className":87,"code":53276,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.append(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,53278,53279,53303,53321,53325],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,53280,53281,53283,53285,53287,53289,53291,53293,53295,53297,53299,53301],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,53282,13402],{"class":100},[94,53284,105],{"class":104},[94,53286,109],{"class":108},[94,53288,332],{"class":331},[94,53290,13419],{"class":335},[94,53292,332],{"class":331},[94,53294,116],{"class":108},[94,53296,1040],{"class":331},[94,53298,13436],{"class":335},[94,53300,332],{"class":331},[94,53302,127],{"class":108},[94,53304,53305,53307,53309,53311,53313,53315,53317,53319],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,53306,17832],{"class":100},[94,53308,168],{"class":108},[94,53310,13880],{"class":152},[94,53312,149],{"class":108},[94,53314,332],{"class":331},[94,53316,17785],{"class":335},[94,53318,332],{"class":331},[94,53320,316],{"class":108},[94,53322,53323],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,53324,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,53326,53327,53329,53331,53333],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,53328,326],{"class":145},[94,53330,149],{"class":108},[94,53332,17832],{"class":152},[94,53334,316],{"class":108},[24,53336,371],{},[85,53338,53340],{"className":87,"code":53339,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,53341,53342],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,53343,53344,53346,53348,53350,53352,53354,53356,53358,53360,53362,53364,53366,53368],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,53345,539],{"class":108},[94,53347,968],{"class":331},[94,53349,13419],{"class":335},[94,53351,968],{"class":331},[94,53353,116],{"class":108},[94,53355,962],{"class":331},[94,53357,13436],{"class":335},[94,53359,968],{"class":331},[94,53361,116],{"class":108},[94,53363,962],{"class":331},[94,53365,17785],{"class":335},[94,53367,968],{"class":331},[94,53369,127],{"class":108},[24,53371,53372],{},"The new item becomes the last item in the list.",[24,53374,31414,53375,168],{},[434,53376,53378],{"href":53377},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to add an item to a list in Python",[80,53380,53382],{"id":53381},"appending-different-data-types","Appending different data types",[24,53384,53385],{},"You can append many kinds of values.",[85,53387,53389],{"className":87,"code":53388,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"items = []\n\nitems.append(10)\nitems.append(\"hello\")\nitems.append(True)\nitems.append({\"name\": \"Sam\"})\nitems.append([1, 2, 3])\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53390,53391,53399,53403,53417,53435,53449,53475,53497,53501],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,53392,53393,53395,53397],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,53394,8113],{"class":100},[94,53396,105],{"class":104},[94,53398,8173],{"class":108},[94,53400,53401],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,53402,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,53404,53405,53407,53409,53411,53413,53415],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,53406,8144],{"class":100},[94,53408,168],{"class":108},[94,53410,13880],{"class":152},[94,53412,149],{"class":108},[94,53414,2688],{"class":112},[94,53416,316],{"class":108},[94,53418,53419,53421,53423,53425,53427,53429,53431,53433],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,53420,8144],{"class":100},[94,53422,168],{"class":108},[94,53424,13880],{"class":152},[94,53426,149],{"class":108},[94,53428,332],{"class":331},[94,53430,4190],{"class":335},[94,53432,332],{"class":331},[94,53434,316],{"class":108},[94,53436,53437,53439,53441,53443,53445,53447],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,53438,8144],{"class":100},[94,53440,168],{"class":108},[94,53442,13880],{"class":152},[94,53444,149],{"class":108},[94,53446,1225],{"class":1224},[94,53448,316],{"class":108},[94,53450,53451,53453,53455,53457,53459,53461,53463,53465,53467,53469,53471,53473],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,53452,8144],{"class":100},[94,53454,168],{"class":108},[94,53456,13880],{"class":152},[94,53458,5861],{"class":108},[94,53460,332],{"class":331},[94,53462,8001],{"class":335},[94,53464,332],{"class":331},[94,53466,384],{"class":108},[94,53468,1040],{"class":331},[94,53470,8010],{"class":335},[94,53472,332],{"class":331},[94,53474,30827],{"class":108},[94,53476,53477,53479,53481,53483,53485,53487,53489,53491,53493,53495],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,53478,8144],{"class":100},[94,53480,168],{"class":108},[94,53482,13880],{"class":152},[94,53484,3342],{"class":108},[94,53486,412],{"class":112},[94,53488,116],{"class":108},[94,53490,124],{"class":112},[94,53492,116],{"class":108},[94,53494,421],{"class":112},[94,53496,4234],{"class":108},[94,53498,53499],{"class":96,"line":702},[94,53500,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,53502,53503,53505,53507,53509],{"class":96,"line":6763},[94,53504,326],{"class":145},[94,53506,149],{"class":108},[94,53508,8144],{"class":152},[94,53510,316],{"class":108},[24,53512,371],{},[85,53514,53516],{"className":87,"code":53515,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"[10, 'hello', True, {'name': 'Sam'}, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,53517,53518],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,53519,53520,53522,53524,53526,53528,53530,53532,53534,53536,53538,53540,53542,53544,53546,53548,53550,53552,53554,53557,53559,53561,53563,53565,53567,53569],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,53521,539],{"class":108},[94,53523,2688],{"class":112},[94,53525,116],{"class":108},[94,53527,962],{"class":331},[94,53529,4190],{"class":335},[94,53531,968],{"class":331},[94,53533,116],{"class":108},[94,53535,4261],{"class":1224},[94,53537,116],{"class":108},[94,53539,10823],{"class":108},[94,53541,968],{"class":331},[94,53543,8001],{"class":335},[94,53545,968],{"class":331},[94,53547,384],{"class":108},[94,53549,962],{"class":331},[94,53551,8010],{"class":335},[94,53553,968],{"class":331},[94,53555,53556],{"class":108},"},",[94,53558,109],{"class":108},[94,53560,412],{"class":112},[94,53562,116],{"class":108},[94,53564,124],{"class":112},[94,53566,116],{"class":108},[94,53568,421],{"class":112},[94,53570,53571],{"class":108},"]]\n",[24,53573,53574,53575,1631,53577,168],{},"A list added with ",[15,53576,52982],{},[43,53578,53579],{},"one single item",[85,53581,53583],{"className":87,"code":53582,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,53584,53585,53601,53619,53623],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,53586,53587,53589,53591,53593,53595,53597,53599],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,53588,101],{"class":100},[94,53590,105],{"class":104},[94,53592,109],{"class":108},[94,53594,412],{"class":112},[94,53596,116],{"class":108},[94,53598,124],{"class":112},[94,53600,127],{"class":108},[94,53602,53603,53605,53607,53609,53611,53613,53615,53617],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,53604,153],{"class":100},[94,53606,168],{"class":108},[94,53608,13880],{"class":152},[94,53610,3342],{"class":108},[94,53612,113],{"class":112},[94,53614,116],{"class":108},[94,53616,624],{"class":112},[94,53618,4234],{"class":108},[94,53620,53621],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,53622,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,53624,53625,53627,53629,53631],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,53626,326],{"class":145},[94,53628,149],{"class":108},[94,53630,153],{"class":152},[94,53632,316],{"class":108},[24,53634,371],{},[85,53636,53638],{"className":87,"code":53637,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"[1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,53639,53640],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,53641,53642,53644,53646,53648,53650,53652,53654,53656,53658,53660],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,53643,539],{"class":108},[94,53645,412],{"class":112},[94,53647,116],{"class":108},[94,53649,124],{"class":112},[94,53651,116],{"class":108},[94,53653,109],{"class":108},[94,53655,113],{"class":112},[94,53657,116],{"class":108},[94,53659,624],{"class":112},[94,53661,53571],{"class":108},[24,53663,974,53664,53667],{},[15,53665,53666],{},"[3, 4]"," was added as one nested list item.",[24,53669,53670,53671,53677],{},"This is different from ",[434,53672,53674],{"href":53673},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method\u002F",[15,53675,53676],{},"list.extend()",", which adds items one by one from another iterable.",[80,53679,53681],{"id":53680},"append-vs-extend","append() vs extend()",[24,53683,53684],{},"This is one of the most common beginner questions.",[265,53686,1484,53688],{"id":53687},"using-append",[15,53689,52982],{},[85,53691,53692],{"className":87,"code":53582,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,53693,53694,53710,53728,53732],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,53695,53696,53698,53700,53702,53704,53706,53708],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,53697,101],{"class":100},[94,53699,105],{"class":104},[94,53701,109],{"class":108},[94,53703,412],{"class":112},[94,53705,116],{"class":108},[94,53707,124],{"class":112},[94,53709,127],{"class":108},[94,53711,53712,53714,53716,53718,53720,53722,53724,53726],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,53713,153],{"class":100},[94,53715,168],{"class":108},[94,53717,13880],{"class":152},[94,53719,3342],{"class":108},[94,53721,113],{"class":112},[94,53723,116],{"class":108},[94,53725,624],{"class":112},[94,53727,4234],{"class":108},[94,53729,53730],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,53731,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,53733,53734,53736,53738,53740],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,53735,326],{"class":145},[94,53737,149],{"class":108},[94,53739,153],{"class":152},[94,53741,316],{"class":108},[24,53743,371],{},[85,53745,53746],{"className":87,"code":53637,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,53747,53748],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,53749,53750,53752,53754,53756,53758,53760,53762,53764,53766,53768],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,53751,539],{"class":108},[94,53753,412],{"class":112},[94,53755,116],{"class":108},[94,53757,124],{"class":112},[94,53759,116],{"class":108},[94,53761,109],{"class":108},[94,53763,113],{"class":112},[94,53765,116],{"class":108},[94,53767,624],{"class":112},[94,53769,53571],{"class":108},[265,53771,1484,53773],{"id":53772},"using-extend",[15,53774,53775],{},"extend()",[85,53777,53779],{"className":87,"code":53778,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,53780,53781,53797,53816,53820],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,53782,53783,53785,53787,53789,53791,53793,53795],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,53784,101],{"class":100},[94,53786,105],{"class":104},[94,53788,109],{"class":108},[94,53790,412],{"class":112},[94,53792,116],{"class":108},[94,53794,124],{"class":112},[94,53796,127],{"class":108},[94,53798,53799,53801,53803,53806,53808,53810,53812,53814],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,53800,153],{"class":100},[94,53802,168],{"class":108},[94,53804,53805],{"class":152},"extend",[94,53807,3342],{"class":108},[94,53809,113],{"class":112},[94,53811,116],{"class":108},[94,53813,624],{"class":112},[94,53815,4234],{"class":108},[94,53817,53818],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,53819,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,53821,53822,53824,53826,53828],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,53823,326],{"class":145},[94,53825,149],{"class":108},[94,53827,153],{"class":152},[94,53829,316],{"class":108},[24,53831,371],{},[85,53833,53835],{"className":87,"code":53834,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,53836,53837],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,53838,53839,53841,53843,53845,53847,53849,53851,53853,53855],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,53840,539],{"class":108},[94,53842,412],{"class":112},[94,53844,116],{"class":108},[94,53846,124],{"class":112},[94,53848,116],{"class":108},[94,53850,421],{"class":112},[94,53852,116],{"class":108},[94,53854,624],{"class":112},[94,53856,127],{"class":108},[24,53858,53859],{},"The difference:",[28,53861,53862,53868,53874,53879],{},[31,53863,53864,53867],{},[15,53865,53866],{},"append([3, 4])"," adds one item: the whole list",[31,53869,53870,53873],{},[15,53871,53872],{},"extend([3, 4])"," adds two separate items",[31,53875,54,53876,53878],{},[15,53877,52982],{}," for one item",[31,53880,54,53881,53883],{},[15,53882,53775],{}," for multiple items from another iterable",[24,53885,53886,53887,168],{},"For the full method reference, see ",[434,53888,53889],{"href":53673},"Python list extend() method",[80,53891,4862],{"id":4861},[265,53893,53895],{"id":53894},"assigning-the-result-of-append","Assigning the result of append()",[24,53897,26022],{},[85,53899,53901],{"className":87,"code":53900,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53902,53903,53923,53941,53945],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,53904,53905,53907,53909,53911,53913,53915,53917,53919,53921],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,53906,8113],{"class":100},[94,53908,105],{"class":104},[94,53910,109],{"class":108},[94,53912,412],{"class":112},[94,53914,116],{"class":108},[94,53916,124],{"class":112},[94,53918,116],{"class":108},[94,53920,421],{"class":112},[94,53922,127],{"class":108},[94,53924,53925,53927,53929,53931,53933,53935,53937,53939],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,53926,8113],{"class":100},[94,53928,105],{"class":104},[94,53930,6297],{"class":100},[94,53932,168],{"class":108},[94,53934,13880],{"class":152},[94,53936,149],{"class":108},[94,53938,857],{"class":112},[94,53940,316],{"class":108},[94,53942,53943],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,53944,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,53946,53947,53949,53951,53953],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,53948,326],{"class":145},[94,53950,149],{"class":108},[94,53952,8144],{"class":152},[94,53954,316],{"class":108},[24,53956,371],{},[85,53958,53959],{"className":87,"code":1593,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,53960,53961],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,53962,53963],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,53964,1593],{"class":1224},[24,53966,1612],{},[28,53968,53969,53973,53979],{},[31,53970,53971,1985],{},[15,53972,52982],{},[31,53974,53975,74,53977],{},[15,53976,52982],{},[15,53978,77],{},[31,53980,53981,53982,53985,53986],{},"So ",[15,53983,53984],{},"items = items.append(4)"," replaces your list with ",[15,53987,77],{},[24,53989,1727],{},[85,53991,53993],{"className":87,"code":53992,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53994,53995,54015,54029,54033],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,53996,53997,53999,54001,54003,54005,54007,54009,54011,54013],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,53998,8113],{"class":100},[94,54000,105],{"class":104},[94,54002,109],{"class":108},[94,54004,412],{"class":112},[94,54006,116],{"class":108},[94,54008,124],{"class":112},[94,54010,116],{"class":108},[94,54012,421],{"class":112},[94,54014,127],{"class":108},[94,54016,54017,54019,54021,54023,54025,54027],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,54018,8144],{"class":100},[94,54020,168],{"class":108},[94,54022,13880],{"class":152},[94,54024,149],{"class":108},[94,54026,857],{"class":112},[94,54028,316],{"class":108},[94,54030,54031],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,54032,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,54034,54035,54037,54039,54041],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,54036,326],{"class":145},[94,54038,149],{"class":108},[94,54040,8144],{"class":152},[94,54042,316],{"class":108},[24,54044,371],{},[85,54046,54047],{"className":87,"code":53834,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,54048,54049],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,54050,54051,54053,54055,54057,54059,54061,54063,54065,54067],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,54052,539],{"class":108},[94,54054,412],{"class":112},[94,54056,116],{"class":108},[94,54058,124],{"class":112},[94,54060,116],{"class":108},[94,54062,421],{"class":112},[94,54064,116],{"class":108},[94,54066,624],{"class":112},[94,54068,127],{"class":108},[265,54070,54072],{"id":54071},"expecting-append-to-return-the-updated-list","Expecting append() to return the updated list",[24,54074,19244],{},[85,54076,54078],{"className":87,"code":54077,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"updated = [1, 2].append(3)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,54079,54080,54104],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,54081,54082,54084,54086,54088,54090,54092,54094,54096,54098,54100,54102],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,54083,32214],{"class":100},[94,54085,105],{"class":104},[94,54087,109],{"class":108},[94,54089,412],{"class":112},[94,54091,116],{"class":108},[94,54093,124],{"class":112},[94,54095,13877],{"class":108},[94,54097,13880],{"class":152},[94,54099,149],{"class":108},[94,54101,113],{"class":112},[94,54103,316],{"class":108},[94,54105,54106,54108,54110,54112],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,54107,326],{"class":145},[94,54109,149],{"class":108},[94,54111,32233],{"class":152},[94,54113,316],{"class":108},[24,54115,371],{},[85,54117,54118],{"className":87,"code":1593,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,54119,54120],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,54121,54122],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,54123,1593],{"class":1224},[24,54125,54126,54127,54129],{},"Remember: ",[15,54128,52982],{}," updates the list you already have.",[265,54131,54133],{"id":54132},"using-append-when-extend-is-needed","Using append() when extend() is needed",[85,54135,54136],{"className":87,"code":53582,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,54137,54138,54154,54172,54176],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,54139,54140,54142,54144,54146,54148,54150,54152],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,54141,101],{"class":100},[94,54143,105],{"class":104},[94,54145,109],{"class":108},[94,54147,412],{"class":112},[94,54149,116],{"class":108},[94,54151,124],{"class":112},[94,54153,127],{"class":108},[94,54155,54156,54158,54160,54162,54164,54166,54168,54170],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,54157,153],{"class":100},[94,54159,168],{"class":108},[94,54161,13880],{"class":152},[94,54163,3342],{"class":108},[94,54165,113],{"class":112},[94,54167,116],{"class":108},[94,54169,624],{"class":112},[94,54171,4234],{"class":108},[94,54173,54174],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,54175,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,54177,54178,54180,54182,54184],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,54179,326],{"class":145},[94,54181,149],{"class":108},[94,54183,153],{"class":152},[94,54185,316],{"class":108},[24,54187,371],{},[85,54189,54190],{"className":87,"code":53637,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,54191,54192],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,54193,54194,54196,54198,54200,54202,54204,54206,54208,54210,54212],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,54195,539],{"class":108},[94,54197,412],{"class":112},[94,54199,116],{"class":108},[94,54201,124],{"class":112},[94,54203,116],{"class":108},[94,54205,109],{"class":108},[94,54207,113],{"class":112},[94,54209,116],{"class":108},[94,54211,624],{"class":112},[94,54213,53571],{"class":108},[24,54215,3526,54216,54219,54220,6963],{},[15,54217,54218],{},"[1, 2, 3, 4]",", use ",[15,54221,53775],{},[265,54223,54225],{"id":54224},"forgetting-that-append-always-adds-at-the-end","Forgetting that append() always adds at the end",[24,54227,54228,54230],{},[15,54229,52982],{}," cannot choose a position. It always adds the new item at the end of the list.",[24,54232,54233,54234,168],{},"If you need to add an item at a specific index, use ",[434,54235,54237],{"href":54236},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method\u002F",[15,54238,54239],{},"list.insert()",[24,54241,2566],{},[85,54243,54245],{"className":87,"code":54244,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,54246,54247,54271,54294,54298],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,54248,54249,54251,54253,54255,54257,54259,54261,54263,54265,54267,54269],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,54250,36418],{"class":100},[94,54252,105],{"class":104},[94,54254,109],{"class":108},[94,54256,332],{"class":331},[94,54258,434],{"class":335},[94,54260,332],{"class":331},[94,54262,116],{"class":108},[94,54264,1040],{"class":331},[94,54266,1946],{"class":335},[94,54268,332],{"class":331},[94,54270,127],{"class":108},[94,54272,54273,54275,54277,54280,54282,54284,54286,54288,54290,54292],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,54274,36471],{"class":100},[94,54276,168],{"class":108},[94,54278,54279],{"class":152},"insert",[94,54281,149],{"class":108},[94,54283,412],{"class":112},[94,54285,116],{"class":108},[94,54287,1040],{"class":331},[94,54289,1937],{"class":335},[94,54291,332],{"class":331},[94,54293,316],{"class":108},[94,54295,54296],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,54297,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,54299,54300,54302,54304,54306],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,54301,326],{"class":145},[94,54303,149],{"class":108},[94,54305,36471],{"class":152},[94,54307,316],{"class":108},[24,54309,371],{},[85,54311,54312],{"className":87,"code":43206,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,54313,54314],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,54315,54316,54318,54320,54322,54324,54326,54328,54330,54332,54334,54336,54338,54340],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,54317,539],{"class":108},[94,54319,968],{"class":331},[94,54321,434],{"class":335},[94,54323,968],{"class":331},[94,54325,116],{"class":108},[94,54327,962],{"class":331},[94,54329,1937],{"class":335},[94,54331,968],{"class":331},[94,54333,116],{"class":108},[94,54335,962],{"class":331},[94,54337,1946],{"class":335},[94,54339,968],{"class":331},[94,54341,127],{"class":108},[80,54343,54345],{"id":54344},"when-to-use-append","When to use append()",[24,54347,54348,54350],{},[15,54349,52982],{}," is useful when you are adding items one at a time.",[24,54352,36754],{},[28,54354,54355,54358,54361,54364],{},[31,54356,54357],{},"building a list in a loop",[31,54359,54360],{},"collecting user input",[31,54362,54363],{},"storing results step by step",[31,54365,54366],{},"adding one new item to existing data",[24,54368,54369],{},"Example with a loop:",[85,54371,54373],{"className":87,"code":54372,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"squares = []\n\nfor number in range(1, 5):\n    squares.append(number * number)\n\nprint(squares)\n",[15,54374,54375,54384,54388,54409,54428,54432],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,54376,54377,54380,54382],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,54378,54379],{"class":100},"squares ",[94,54381,105],{"class":104},[94,54383,8173],{"class":108},[94,54385,54386],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,54387,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,54389,54390,54392,54394,54396,54399,54401,54403,54405,54407],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,54391,6289],{"class":4221},[94,54393,6719],{"class":100},[94,54395,4228],{"class":4221},[94,54397,54398],{"class":145}," range",[94,54400,149],{"class":108},[94,54402,412],{"class":112},[94,54404,116],{"class":108},[94,54406,772],{"class":112},[94,54408,8676],{"class":108},[94,54410,54411,54414,54416,54418,54420,54422,54424,54426],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,54412,54413],{"class":100},"    squares",[94,54415,168],{"class":108},[94,54417,13880],{"class":152},[94,54419,149],{"class":108},[94,54421,2576],{"class":152},[94,54423,40203],{"class":104},[94,54425,2555],{"class":152},[94,54427,316],{"class":108},[94,54429,54430],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,54431,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,54433,54434,54436,54438,54441],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,54435,326],{"class":145},[94,54437,149],{"class":108},[94,54439,54440],{"class":152},"squares",[94,54442,316],{"class":108},[24,54444,371],{},[85,54446,54448],{"className":87,"code":54447,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"[1, 4, 9, 16]\n",[15,54449,54450],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,54451,54452,54454,54456,54458,54460,54462,54465,54467,54469],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,54453,539],{"class":108},[94,54455,412],{"class":112},[94,54457,116],{"class":108},[94,54459,624],{"class":112},[94,54461,116],{"class":108},[94,54463,54464],{"class":112}," 9",[94,54466,116],{"class":108},[94,54468,14315],{"class":112},[94,54470,127],{"class":108},[80,54472,2160],{"id":2159},[265,54474,54476],{"id":54475},"does-append-return-a-new-list","Does append() return a new list?",[24,54478,2207,54479,54481,54482,168],{},[15,54480,52982],{}," changes the original list and returns ",[15,54483,77],{},[265,54485,54487],{"id":54486},"can-append-add-multiple-items-at-once","Can append() add multiple items at once?",[24,54489,54490,54491,168],{},"No. It adds one item. To add multiple items from another iterable, use ",[434,54492,54493],{"href":53673},[15,54494,53775],{},[265,54496,54498],{"id":54497},"what-happens-if-i-append-a-list","What happens if I append a list?",[24,54500,54501],{},"The whole list is added as one item at the end, creating a nested list.",[24,54503,2566],{},[85,54505,54507],{"className":87,"code":54506,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"data = [1, 2]\ndata.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,54508,54509,54525,54543,54547],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,54510,54511,54513,54515,54517,54519,54521,54523],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,54512,9499],{"class":100},[94,54514,105],{"class":104},[94,54516,109],{"class":108},[94,54518,412],{"class":112},[94,54520,116],{"class":108},[94,54522,124],{"class":112},[94,54524,127],{"class":108},[94,54526,54527,54529,54531,54533,54535,54537,54539,54541],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,54528,9537],{"class":100},[94,54530,168],{"class":108},[94,54532,13880],{"class":152},[94,54534,3342],{"class":108},[94,54536,113],{"class":112},[94,54538,116],{"class":108},[94,54540,624],{"class":112},[94,54542,4234],{"class":108},[94,54544,54545],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,54546,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,54548,54549,54551,54553,54555],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,54550,326],{"class":145},[94,54552,149],{"class":108},[94,54554,9537],{"class":152},[94,54556,316],{"class":108},[24,54558,371],{},[85,54560,54561],{"className":87,"code":53637,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,54562,54563],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,54564,54565,54567,54569,54571,54573,54575,54577,54579,54581,54583],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,54566,539],{"class":108},[94,54568,412],{"class":112},[94,54570,116],{"class":108},[94,54572,124],{"class":112},[94,54574,116],{"class":108},[94,54576,109],{"class":108},[94,54578,113],{"class":112},[94,54580,116],{"class":108},[94,54582,624],{"class":112},[94,54584,53571],{"class":108},[265,54586,54588],{"id":54587},"what-is-the-difference-between-append-and-insert","What is the difference between append() and insert()?",[24,54590,54591,54593,54594,54597],{},[15,54592,52982],{}," adds at the end. ",[15,54595,54596],{},"insert()"," adds at a specific position.",[80,54599,2232],{"id":2231},[28,54601,54602,54607,54611,54616,54620],{},[31,54603,54604],{},[434,54605,54606],{"href":53377},"How to add an item to a list in Python",[31,54608,54609],{},[434,54610,53889],{"href":53673},[31,54612,54613],{},[434,54614,54615],{"href":54236},"Python list insert() method",[31,54617,54618],{},[434,54619,986],{"href":985},[31,54621,54622],{},[434,54623,54625],{"href":54624},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-list-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","Fix list-related AttributeError problems",[2260,54627,54628],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":90,"searchDepth":130,"depth":130,"links":54630},[54631,54632,54633,54634,54635,54636,54642,54648,54649,54655],{"id":82,"depth":130,"text":83},{"id":53061,"depth":130,"text":53062},{"id":5762,"depth":130,"text":5763},{"id":11804,"depth":130,"text":11805},{"id":53381,"depth":130,"text":53382},{"id":53680,"depth":130,"text":53681,"children":54637},[54638,54640],{"id":53687,"depth":137,"text":54639},"Using append()",{"id":53772,"depth":137,"text":54641},"Using extend()",{"id":4861,"depth":130,"text":4862,"children":54643},[54644,54645,54646,54647],{"id":53894,"depth":137,"text":53895},{"id":54071,"depth":137,"text":54072},{"id":54132,"depth":137,"text":54133},{"id":54224,"depth":137,"text":54225},{"id":54344,"depth":130,"text":54345},{"id":2159,"depth":130,"text":2160,"children":54650},[54651,54652,54653,54654],{"id":54475,"depth":137,"text":54476},{"id":54486,"depth":137,"text":54487},{"id":54497,"depth":137,"text":54498},{"id":54587,"depth":137,"text":54588},{"id":2231,"depth":130,"text":2232},"Master python list append method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method",{"title":52972,"description":54656},"reference\u002Fpython-list-append-method","cBBksi6Gcs0V4z_ykk5oU9TSrL_TTVPGb-hIaffmg1I",{"id":54663,"title":54664,"body":54665,"description":55908,"extension":2319,"meta":55909,"navigation":133,"path":55910,"seo":55911,"stem":55912,"__hash__":55913},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method.md","Python List clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":54666,"toc":55873},[54667,54673,54679,54685,54687,54735,54740,54745,54749,54765,54771,54773,54776,54791,54793,54804,54806,54808,54865,54867,54875,54877,54893,54899,54901,54907,54911,54995,54998,55047,55054,55062,55065,55079,55092,55098,55173,55180,55187,55261,55269,55272,55283,55292,55296,55300,55311,55313,55390,55411,55413,55423,55426,55474,55476,55496,55499,55501,55552,55558,55565,55632,55638,55644,55647,55674,55679,55685,55688,55760,55763,55774,55780,55782,55788,55791,55797,55803,55810,55818,55824,55830,55832,55870],[10,54668,54670,54671,11651],{"id":54669},"python-list-clear-method","Python List ",[15,54672,11650],{},[24,54674,54675,54678],{},[15,54676,54677],{},"list.clear()"," removes every item from a list.",[24,54680,54681,54682,54684],{},"Use it when you want to empty an existing list ",[43,54683,11663],{},". This is useful when you want to keep using the same list object, but remove all of its contents.",[80,54686,83],{"id":82},[85,54688,54690],{"className":87,"code":54689,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,54691,54692,54712,54722],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,54693,54694,54696,54698,54700,54702,54704,54706,54708,54710],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,54695,8113],{"class":100},[94,54697,105],{"class":104},[94,54699,109],{"class":108},[94,54701,412],{"class":112},[94,54703,116],{"class":108},[94,54705,124],{"class":112},[94,54707,116],{"class":108},[94,54709,421],{"class":112},[94,54711,127],{"class":108},[94,54713,54714,54716,54718,54720],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,54715,8144],{"class":100},[94,54717,168],{"class":108},[94,54719,11712],{"class":152},[94,54721,511],{"class":108},[94,54723,54724,54726,54728,54730,54732],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,54725,326],{"class":145},[94,54727,149],{"class":108},[94,54729,8144],{"class":152},[94,54731,156],{"class":108},[94,54733,54734],{"class":159},"  # []\n",[24,54736,54,54737,54739],{},[15,54738,11650],{}," to remove all items from an existing list in place.",[80,54741,215,54743,218],{"id":54742},"what-listclear-does",[15,54744,54677],{},[24,54746,54747,384],{},[15,54748,54677],{},[28,54750,54751,54754,54757,54762],{},[31,54752,54753],{},"Removes every item from a list",[31,54755,54756],{},"Changes the original list in place",[31,54758,54759,54760],{},"Leaves you with an empty list: ",[15,54761,4131],{},[31,54763,54764],{},"Takes no arguments",[24,54766,54767,54768,54770],{},"This means the list still exists after calling ",[15,54769,11650],{},", but it contains no values.",[80,54772,2514],{"id":2513},[24,54774,54775],{},"Syntax:",[85,54777,54779],{"className":87,"code":54778,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"my_list.clear()\n",[15,54780,54781],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,54782,54783,54785,54787,54789],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,54784,594],{"class":100},[94,54786,168],{"class":108},[94,54788,11712],{"class":152},[94,54790,511],{"class":108},[24,54792,11788],{},[28,54794,54795,54798,54801],{},[31,54796,54797],{},"Call it on a list object",[31,54799,54800],{},"Do not pass values inside the parentheses",[31,54802,54803],{},"Include the parentheses so the method actually runs",[80,54805,11805],{"id":11804},[24,54807,11808],{},[85,54809,54811],{"className":87,"code":54810,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nnumbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,54812,54813,54837,54841,54851,54855],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,54814,54815,54817,54819,54821,54823,54825,54827,54829,54831,54833,54835],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,54816,101],{"class":100},[94,54818,105],{"class":104},[94,54820,109],{"class":108},[94,54822,2688],{"class":112},[94,54824,116],{"class":108},[94,54826,8124],{"class":112},[94,54828,116],{"class":108},[94,54830,8129],{"class":112},[94,54832,116],{"class":108},[94,54834,51174],{"class":112},[94,54836,127],{"class":108},[94,54838,54839],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,54840,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,54842,54843,54845,54847,54849],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,54844,153],{"class":100},[94,54846,168],{"class":108},[94,54848,11712],{"class":152},[94,54850,511],{"class":108},[94,54852,54853],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,54854,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,54856,54857,54859,54861,54863],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,54858,326],{"class":145},[94,54860,149],{"class":108},[94,54862,153],{"class":152},[94,54864,316],{"class":108},[24,54866,371],{},[85,54868,54869],{"className":87,"code":38627,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,54870,54871],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,54872,54873],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,54874,38627],{"class":108},[24,54876,12014],{},[28,54878,54879,54884,54890],{},[31,54880,54881,54883],{},[15,54882,153],{}," starts with four items",[31,54885,54886,54889],{},[15,54887,54888],{},"numbers.clear()"," removes all of them",[31,54891,54892],{},"Printing the list shows that it is now empty",[24,54894,54895,54896,168],{},"If you are new to lists, see ",[434,54897,986],{"href":54898},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide",[80,54900,17748],{"id":17747},[24,54902,54903,74,54905,168],{},[15,54904,11650],{},[15,54906,77],{},[24,54908,41236,54909,52997],{},[43,54910,45],{},[85,54912,54914],{"className":87,"code":54913,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(items)   # []\nprint(result)  # None\n",[15,54915,54916,54948,54952,54966,54970,54983],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,54917,54918,54920,54922,54924,54926,54928,54930,54932,54934,54936,54938,54940,54942,54944,54946],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,54919,8113],{"class":100},[94,54921,105],{"class":104},[94,54923,109],{"class":108},[94,54925,332],{"class":331},[94,54927,434],{"class":335},[94,54929,332],{"class":331},[94,54931,116],{"class":108},[94,54933,1040],{"class":331},[94,54935,1937],{"class":335},[94,54937,332],{"class":331},[94,54939,116],{"class":108},[94,54941,1040],{"class":331},[94,54943,1946],{"class":335},[94,54945,332],{"class":331},[94,54947,127],{"class":108},[94,54949,54950],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,54951,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,54953,54954,54956,54958,54960,54962,54964],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,54955,305],{"class":100},[94,54957,105],{"class":104},[94,54959,6297],{"class":100},[94,54961,168],{"class":108},[94,54963,11712],{"class":152},[94,54965,511],{"class":108},[94,54967,54968],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,54969,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,54971,54972,54974,54976,54978,54980],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,54973,326],{"class":145},[94,54975,149],{"class":108},[94,54977,8144],{"class":152},[94,54979,156],{"class":108},[94,54981,54982],{"class":159},"   # []\n",[94,54984,54985,54987,54989,54991,54993],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,54986,326],{"class":145},[94,54988,149],{"class":108},[94,54990,902],{"class":152},[94,54992,156],{"class":108},[94,54994,21207],{"class":159},[24,54996,54997],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. If you write:",[85,54999,55001],{"className":87,"code":55000,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.clear()\nprint(items)\n",[15,55002,55003,55023,55037],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,55004,55005,55007,55009,55011,55013,55015,55017,55019,55021],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,55006,8113],{"class":100},[94,55008,105],{"class":104},[94,55010,109],{"class":108},[94,55012,412],{"class":112},[94,55014,116],{"class":108},[94,55016,124],{"class":112},[94,55018,116],{"class":108},[94,55020,421],{"class":112},[94,55022,127],{"class":108},[94,55024,55025,55027,55029,55031,55033,55035],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,55026,8113],{"class":100},[94,55028,105],{"class":104},[94,55030,6297],{"class":100},[94,55032,168],{"class":108},[94,55034,11712],{"class":152},[94,55036,511],{"class":108},[94,55038,55039,55041,55043,55045],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,55040,326],{"class":145},[94,55042,149],{"class":108},[94,55044,8144],{"class":152},[94,55046,316],{"class":108},[24,55048,12243,55049,1631,55051,55053],{},[15,55050,8144],{},[15,55052,77],{},", not an empty list.",[80,55055,55057,55059,55060],{"id":55056},"clear-vs-assigning",[15,55058,11650],{}," vs assigning ",[15,55061,4131],{},[24,55063,55064],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they are not the same:",[85,55066,55067],{"className":87,"code":54778,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,55068,55069],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,55070,55071,55073,55075,55077],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,55072,594],{"class":100},[94,55074,168],{"class":108},[94,55076,11712],{"class":152},[94,55078,511],{"class":108},[85,55080,55082],{"className":87,"code":55081,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"my_list = []\n",[15,55083,55084],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,55085,55086,55088,55090],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,55087,8643],{"class":100},[94,55089,105],{"class":104},[94,55091,8173],{"class":108},[265,55093,55095,55097],{"id":55094},"clear-empties-the-same-list-object",[15,55096,11650],{}," empties the same list object",[85,55099,55101],{"className":87,"code":55100,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # []\n",[15,55102,55103,55123,55131,55135,55145,55149,55161],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,55104,55105,55107,55109,55111,55113,55115,55117,55119,55121],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,55106,635],{"class":100},[94,55108,105],{"class":104},[94,55110,109],{"class":108},[94,55112,412],{"class":112},[94,55114,116],{"class":108},[94,55116,124],{"class":112},[94,55118,116],{"class":108},[94,55120,421],{"class":112},[94,55122,127],{"class":108},[94,55124,55125,55127,55129],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,55126,2937],{"class":100},[94,55128,105],{"class":104},[94,55130,36503],{"class":100},[94,55132,55133],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,55134,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,55136,55137,55139,55141,55143],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,55138,434],{"class":100},[94,55140,168],{"class":108},[94,55142,11712],{"class":152},[94,55144,511],{"class":108},[94,55146,55147],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,55148,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,55150,55151,55153,55155,55157,55159],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,55152,326],{"class":145},[94,55154,149],{"class":108},[94,55156,434],{"class":152},[94,55158,156],{"class":108},[94,55160,54734],{"class":159},[94,55162,55163,55165,55167,55169,55171],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,55164,326],{"class":145},[94,55166,149],{"class":108},[94,55168,1937],{"class":152},[94,55170,156],{"class":108},[94,55172,54734],{"class":159},[24,55174,1146,55175,1139,55177,55179],{},[15,55176,434],{},[15,55178,1937],{}," point to the same list, so clearing it affects both variables.",[265,55181,55183,55186],{"id":55182},"my_list-creates-a-new-empty-list",[15,55184,55185],{},"my_list = []"," creates a new empty list",[85,55188,55190],{"className":87,"code":55189,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na = []\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,55191,55192,55212,55220,55224,55232,55236,55248],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,55193,55194,55196,55198,55200,55202,55204,55206,55208,55210],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,55195,635],{"class":100},[94,55197,105],{"class":104},[94,55199,109],{"class":108},[94,55201,412],{"class":112},[94,55203,116],{"class":108},[94,55205,124],{"class":112},[94,55207,116],{"class":108},[94,55209,421],{"class":112},[94,55211,127],{"class":108},[94,55213,55214,55216,55218],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,55215,2937],{"class":100},[94,55217,105],{"class":104},[94,55219,36503],{"class":100},[94,55221,55222],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,55223,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,55225,55226,55228,55230],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,55227,635],{"class":100},[94,55229,105],{"class":104},[94,55231,8173],{"class":108},[94,55233,55234],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,55235,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,55237,55238,55240,55242,55244,55246],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,55239,326],{"class":145},[94,55241,149],{"class":108},[94,55243,434],{"class":152},[94,55245,156],{"class":108},[94,55247,54734],{"class":159},[94,55249,55250,55252,55254,55256,55258],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,55251,326],{"class":145},[94,55253,149],{"class":108},[94,55255,1937],{"class":152},[94,55257,156],{"class":108},[94,55259,55260],{"class":159},"  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[24,55262,21102,55263,55265,55266,55268],{},[15,55264,434],{}," now points to a new empty list. But ",[15,55267,1937],{}," still points to the original list.",[24,55270,55271],{},"This difference matters when:",[28,55273,55274,55277,55280],{},[31,55275,55276],{},"Two variables refer to the same list",[31,55278,55279],{},"A list is shared between parts of a program",[31,55281,55282],{},"You want to empty the original list instead of replacing it",[24,55284,55285,55286,168],{},"This idea is also helpful when learning ",[434,55287,55289,55290,567],{"href":55288},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method\u002F","the list ",[15,55291,13102],{},[80,55293,815,55294],{"id":12763},[15,55295,11650],{},[24,55297,54,55298,6650],{},[15,55299,11650],{},[28,55301,55302,55305,55308],{},[31,55303,55304],{},"Reset a list before reusing it",[31,55306,55307],{},"Empty shared list data in place",[31,55309,55310],{},"Remove all items without deleting the list variable",[24,55312,2566],{},[85,55314,55316],{"className":87,"code":55315,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"shopping_cart = [\"milk\", \"bread\", \"eggs\"]\n\n# Order completed, reuse the same list\nshopping_cart.clear()\n\nprint(shopping_cart)  # []\n",[15,55317,55318,55354,55358,55363,55374,55378],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,55319,55320,55323,55325,55327,55329,55332,55334,55336,55338,55341,55343,55345,55347,55350,55352],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,55321,55322],{"class":100},"shopping_cart ",[94,55324,105],{"class":104},[94,55326,109],{"class":108},[94,55328,332],{"class":331},[94,55330,55331],{"class":335},"milk",[94,55333,332],{"class":331},[94,55335,116],{"class":108},[94,55337,1040],{"class":331},[94,55339,55340],{"class":335},"bread",[94,55342,332],{"class":331},[94,55344,116],{"class":108},[94,55346,1040],{"class":331},[94,55348,55349],{"class":335},"eggs",[94,55351,332],{"class":331},[94,55353,127],{"class":108},[94,55355,55356],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,55357,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,55359,55360],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,55361,55362],{"class":159},"# Order completed, reuse the same list\n",[94,55364,55365,55368,55370,55372],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,55366,55367],{"class":100},"shopping_cart",[94,55369,168],{"class":108},[94,55371,11712],{"class":152},[94,55373,511],{"class":108},[94,55375,55376],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,55377,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,55379,55380,55382,55384,55386,55388],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,55381,326],{"class":145},[94,55383,149],{"class":108},[94,55385,55367],{"class":152},[94,55387,156],{"class":108},[94,55389,54734],{"class":159},[24,55391,55392,55393,55397,55398,55404,55405,168],{},"If you only want to remove one item, see ",[434,55394,55396],{"href":55395},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-an-item-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove an item from a list in Python"," or the ",[434,55399,55401,567],{"href":55400},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method\u002F",[15,55402,55403],{},"list.remove()",". If you want to remove and return one item, see the ",[434,55406,55408,567],{"href":55407},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method\u002F",[15,55409,55410],{},"list.pop()",[80,55412,4862],{"id":4861},[265,55414,55416,55417,11420,55420],{"id":55415},"writing-my_listclear-instead-of-my_listclear","Writing ",[15,55418,55419],{},"my_list.clear",[15,55421,55422],{},"my_list.clear()",[24,55424,55425],{},"This does not call the method.",[85,55427,55429],{"className":87,"code":55428,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear\nprint(items)\n",[15,55430,55431,55451,55455,55464],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,55432,55433,55435,55437,55439,55441,55443,55445,55447,55449],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,55434,8113],{"class":100},[94,55436,105],{"class":104},[94,55438,109],{"class":108},[94,55440,412],{"class":112},[94,55442,116],{"class":108},[94,55444,124],{"class":112},[94,55446,116],{"class":108},[94,55448,421],{"class":112},[94,55450,127],{"class":108},[94,55452,55453],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,55454,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,55456,55457,55459,55461],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,55458,8144],{"class":100},[94,55460,168],{"class":108},[94,55462,55463],{"class":1377},"clear\n",[94,55465,55466,55468,55470,55472],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,55467,326],{"class":145},[94,55469,149],{"class":108},[94,55471,8144],{"class":152},[94,55473,316],{"class":108},[24,55475,371],{},[85,55477,55478],{"className":87,"code":532,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,55479,55480],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,55481,55482,55484,55486,55488,55490,55492,55494],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,55483,539],{"class":108},[94,55485,412],{"class":112},[94,55487,116],{"class":108},[94,55489,124],{"class":112},[94,55491,116],{"class":108},[94,55493,421],{"class":112},[94,55495,127],{"class":108},[24,55497,55498],{},"Nothing changes because the method was not run.",[24,55500,1727],{},[85,55502,55504],{"className":87,"code":55503,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,55505,55506,55526,55530,55540],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,55507,55508,55510,55512,55514,55516,55518,55520,55522,55524],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,55509,8113],{"class":100},[94,55511,105],{"class":104},[94,55513,109],{"class":108},[94,55515,412],{"class":112},[94,55517,116],{"class":108},[94,55519,124],{"class":112},[94,55521,116],{"class":108},[94,55523,421],{"class":112},[94,55525,127],{"class":108},[94,55527,55528],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,55529,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,55531,55532,55534,55536,55538],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,55533,8144],{"class":100},[94,55535,168],{"class":108},[94,55537,11712],{"class":152},[94,55539,511],{"class":108},[94,55541,55542,55544,55546,55548,55550],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,55543,326],{"class":145},[94,55545,149],{"class":108},[94,55547,8144],{"class":152},[94,55549,156],{"class":108},[94,55551,54734],{"class":159},[265,55553,8786,55555,55557],{"id":55554},"expecting-clear-to-return-the-emptied-list",[15,55556,11650],{}," to return the emptied list",[24,55559,55560,74,55562,55564],{},[15,55561,11650],{},[15,55563,77],{},", not the list.",[85,55566,55568],{"className":87,"code":55567,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(result)  # None\nprint(items)   # []\n",[15,55569,55570,55590,55604,55608,55620],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,55571,55572,55574,55576,55578,55580,55582,55584,55586,55588],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,55573,8113],{"class":100},[94,55575,105],{"class":104},[94,55577,109],{"class":108},[94,55579,412],{"class":112},[94,55581,116],{"class":108},[94,55583,124],{"class":112},[94,55585,116],{"class":108},[94,55587,421],{"class":112},[94,55589,127],{"class":108},[94,55591,55592,55594,55596,55598,55600,55602],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,55593,305],{"class":100},[94,55595,105],{"class":104},[94,55597,6297],{"class":100},[94,55599,168],{"class":108},[94,55601,11712],{"class":152},[94,55603,511],{"class":108},[94,55605,55606],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,55607,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,55609,55610,55612,55614,55616,55618],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,55611,326],{"class":145},[94,55613,149],{"class":108},[94,55615,902],{"class":152},[94,55617,156],{"class":108},[94,55619,21207],{"class":159},[94,55621,55622,55624,55626,55628,55630],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,55623,326],{"class":145},[94,55625,149],{"class":108},[94,55627,8144],{"class":152},[94,55629,156],{"class":108},[94,55631,54982],{"class":159},[265,55633,1484,55635,55637],{"id":55634},"using-clear-on-a-value-that-is-not-a-list",[15,55636,11650],{}," on a value that is not a list",[24,55639,55640,55641,55643],{},"Some types have a ",[15,55642,11650],{}," method, but not all of them.",[24,55645,55646],{},"This will fail:",[85,55648,55650],{"className":87,"code":55649,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.clear()\n",[15,55651,55652,55664],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,55653,55654,55656,55658,55660,55662],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,55655,1803],{"class":100},[94,55657,105],{"class":104},[94,55659,1040],{"class":331},[94,55661,4190],{"class":335},[94,55663,1812],{"class":331},[94,55665,55666,55668,55670,55672],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,55667,1817],{"class":100},[94,55669,168],{"class":108},[94,55671,11712],{"class":152},[94,55673,511],{"class":108},[24,55675,55676,55677,1829],{},"A string does not have a ",[15,55678,11650],{},[24,55680,55681,55682,55684],{},"You may also get errors if your variable is ",[15,55683,77],{}," or another unexpected type. If that happens, print the type first.",[24,55686,55687],{},"Useful checks:",[85,55689,55691],{"className":87,"code":55690,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(id(my_list))\nother = my_list\nmy_list.clear()\nprint(other)\n",[15,55692,55693,55703,55717,55731,55740,55750],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,55694,55695,55697,55699,55701],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,55696,326],{"class":145},[94,55698,149],{"class":108},[94,55700,594],{"class":152},[94,55702,316],{"class":108},[94,55704,55705,55707,55709,55711,55713,55715],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,55706,326],{"class":145},[94,55708,149],{"class":108},[94,55710,914],{"class":913},[94,55712,149],{"class":108},[94,55714,594],{"class":152},[94,55716,921],{"class":108},[94,55718,55719,55721,55723,55725,55727,55729],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,55720,326],{"class":145},[94,55722,149],{"class":108},[94,55724,12974],{"class":145},[94,55726,149],{"class":108},[94,55728,594],{"class":152},[94,55730,921],{"class":108},[94,55732,55733,55735,55737],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,55734,43880],{"class":100},[94,55736,105],{"class":104},[94,55738,55739],{"class":100}," my_list\n",[94,55741,55742,55744,55746,55748],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,55743,594],{"class":100},[94,55745,168],{"class":108},[94,55747,11712],{"class":152},[94,55749,511],{"class":108},[94,55751,55752,55754,55756,55758],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,55753,326],{"class":145},[94,55755,149],{"class":108},[94,55757,31074],{"class":152},[94,55759,316],{"class":108},[24,55761,55762],{},"These can help you see:",[28,55764,55765,55768,55771],{},[31,55766,55767],{},"What the variable currently contains",[31,55769,55770],{},"Whether it is really a list",[31,55772,55773],{},"Whether two variables point to the same object",[24,55775,55776,55777,168],{},"If you run into method-related problems, you may also need help with ",[434,55778,55779],{"href":54624},"fixing attribute errors in Python",[80,55781,2160],{"id":2159},[265,55783,13029,55785,55787],{"id":55784},"does-listclear-delete-the-list",[15,55786,54677],{}," delete the list?",[24,55789,55790],{},"No. It keeps the list object but removes all items from it.",[265,55792,13029,55794,55796],{"id":55793},"does-listclear-return-a-new-list",[15,55795,54677],{}," return a new list?",[24,55798,55799,55800,55802],{},"No. It returns ",[15,55801,77],{}," and changes the existing list in place.",[265,55804,5514,55806,1139,55808,2170],{"id":55805},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-my_list",[15,55807,11650],{},[15,55809,55185],{},[24,55811,55812,55814,55815,55817],{},[15,55813,11650],{}," empties the same list object. ",[15,55816,55185],{}," points the variable to a new empty list.",[265,55819,2201,55821,55823],{"id":55820},"can-i-use-clear-on-other-types",[15,55822,11650],{}," on other types?",[24,55825,55826,55827,55829],{},"Some types like dictionaries and sets also have ",[15,55828,11650],{},", but strings and tuples do not.",[80,55831,2232],{"id":2231},[28,55833,55834,55838,55843,55850,55857,55863],{},[31,55835,55836],{},[434,55837,986],{"href":54898},[31,55839,55840],{},[434,55841,55842],{"href":55395},"How to remove an item from a list in Python",[31,55844,55845],{},[434,55846,55847,55848,567],{"href":55407},"Python list ",[15,55849,13088],{},[31,55851,55852],{},[434,55853,55847,55854,567],{"href":55400},[15,55855,55856],{},"remove()",[31,55858,55859],{},[434,55860,55847,55861,567],{"href":55288},[15,55862,13102],{},[31,55864,55865],{},[434,55866,30678,55867,33964],{"href":54624},[15,55868,55869],{},"'list' object has no attribute",[2260,55871,55872],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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does",{"id":2513,"depth":130,"text":2514},{"id":11804,"depth":130,"text":11805},{"id":17747,"depth":130,"text":17748},{"id":55056,"depth":130,"text":55882,"children":55883},"clear() vs assigning []",[55884,55886],{"id":55094,"depth":137,"text":55885},"clear() empties the same list object",{"id":55182,"depth":137,"text":55887},"my_list = [] creates a new empty list",{"id":12763,"depth":130,"text":13134},{"id":4861,"depth":130,"text":4862,"children":55890},[55891,55893,55895],{"id":55415,"depth":137,"text":55892},"Writing my_list.clear instead of my_list.clear()",{"id":55554,"depth":137,"text":55894},"Expecting clear() to return the emptied list",{"id":55634,"depth":137,"text":55896},"Using clear() on a value that is not a list",{"id":2159,"depth":130,"text":2160,"children":55898},[55899,55901,55903,55905],{"id":55784,"depth":137,"text":55900},"Does list.clear() delete the list?",{"id":55793,"depth":137,"text":55902},"Does list.clear() return a new list?",{"id":55805,"depth":137,"text":55904},"What is the difference between clear() and my_list = []?",{"id":55820,"depth":137,"text":55906},"Can I use clear() on other types?",{"id":2231,"depth":130,"text":2232},"Master python list clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method",{"title":54664,"description":55908},"reference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method","99lr7F7Fwd7-AwSOSGz-bBA8zQ5YwXwJzSYBs0JP2O4",{"id":55915,"title":55916,"body":55917,"description":57598,"extension":2319,"meta":57599,"navigation":133,"path":57600,"seo":57601,"stem":57602,"__hash__":57603},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method.md","Python List copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":55918,"toc":57566},[55919,55924,55930,55938,55940,56027,56034,56039,56043,56057,56059,56136,56138,56199,56202,56204,56206,56226,56229,56243,56246,56291,56293,56301,56304,56310,56316,56319,56396,56398,56443,56446,56451,56534,56536,56577,56582,56586,56592,56594,56602,56605,56698,56700,56758,56761,56777,56782,56792,56797,56799,56804,56809,56812,56814,56871,56874,56927,56933,56938,56942,56959,56961,57045,57047,57088,57096,57098,57103,57109,57111,57174,57179,57248,57252,57287,57290,57292,57331,57335,57411,57417,57423,57428,57450,57453,57472,57480,57482,57488,57491,57498,57506,57511,57514,57518,57524,57532,57535,57537,57563],[10,55920,54670,55922,11651],{"id":55921},"python-list-copy-method",[15,55923,13102],{},[24,55925,55926,55929],{},[15,55927,55928],{},"list.copy()"," creates a new list with the same items as an existing list.",[24,55931,55932,55933,14381,55935,55937],{},"This method is useful when you want to work with a list without changing the original one. It is especially important for beginners because using ",[15,55934,105],{},[43,55936,45],{}," make a real copy.",[80,55939,2361],{"id":2360},[85,55941,55943],{"className":87,"code":55942,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\nnew_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(new_numbers)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,55944,55945,55965,55979,55983,55997,56001,56014],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,55946,55947,55949,55951,55953,55955,55957,55959,55961,55963],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,55948,101],{"class":100},[94,55950,105],{"class":104},[94,55952,109],{"class":108},[94,55954,412],{"class":112},[94,55956,116],{"class":108},[94,55958,124],{"class":112},[94,55960,116],{"class":108},[94,55962,421],{"class":112},[94,55964,127],{"class":108},[94,55966,55967,55969,55971,55973,55975,55977],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,55968,1761],{"class":100},[94,55970,105],{"class":104},[94,55972,343],{"class":100},[94,55974,168],{"class":108},[94,55976,13237],{"class":152},[94,55978,511],{"class":108},[94,55980,55981],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,55982,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,55984,55985,55987,55989,55991,55993,55995],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,55986,1784],{"class":100},[94,55988,168],{"class":108},[94,55990,13880],{"class":152},[94,55992,149],{"class":108},[94,55994,857],{"class":112},[94,55996,316],{"class":108},[94,55998,55999],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,56000,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,56002,56003,56005,56007,56009,56011],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,56004,326],{"class":145},[94,56006,149],{"class":108},[94,56008,153],{"class":152},[94,56010,156],{"class":108},[94,56012,56013],{"class":159},"      # [1, 2, 3]\n",[94,56015,56016,56018,56020,56022,56024],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,56017,326],{"class":145},[94,56019,149],{"class":108},[94,56021,1784],{"class":152},[94,56023,156],{"class":108},[94,56025,56026],{"class":159},"  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[24,56028,54,56029,56031,56032,168],{},[15,56030,55928],{}," when you want a new list object with the same items. This is a ",[43,56033,13176],{},[80,56035,215,56037,218],{"id":56036},"what-listcopy-does",[15,56038,55928],{},[24,56040,56041,384],{},[15,56042,55928],{},[28,56044,56045,56048,56051,56054],{},[31,56046,56047],{},"Creates a new list with the same items as the original list",[31,56049,56050],{},"Returns that new list",[31,56052,56053],{},"Makes the original list and copied list different objects",[31,56055,56056],{},"Lets you change the new list without affecting the original list when the list contains simple values like numbers or strings",[24,56058,2566],{},[85,56060,56062],{"className":87,"code":56061,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ncopied_fruits = fruits.copy()\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(copied_fruits)\n",[15,56063,56064,56096,56111,56115,56125],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,56065,56066,56068,56070,56072,56074,56076,56078,56080,56082,56084,56086,56088,56090,56092,56094],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,56067,36567],{"class":100},[94,56069,105],{"class":104},[94,56071,109],{"class":108},[94,56073,332],{"class":331},[94,56075,1332],{"class":335},[94,56077,332],{"class":331},[94,56079,116],{"class":108},[94,56081,1040],{"class":331},[94,56083,4432],{"class":335},[94,56085,332],{"class":331},[94,56087,116],{"class":108},[94,56089,1040],{"class":331},[94,56091,33552],{"class":335},[94,56093,332],{"class":331},[94,56095,127],{"class":108},[94,56097,56098,56101,56103,56105,56107,56109],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,56099,56100],{"class":100},"copied_fruits ",[94,56102,105],{"class":104},[94,56104,53180],{"class":100},[94,56106,168],{"class":108},[94,56108,13237],{"class":152},[94,56110,511],{"class":108},[94,56112,56113],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,56114,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,56116,56117,56119,56121,56123],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,56118,326],{"class":145},[94,56120,149],{"class":108},[94,56122,36619],{"class":152},[94,56124,316],{"class":108},[94,56126,56127,56129,56131,56134],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,56128,326],{"class":145},[94,56130,149],{"class":108},[94,56132,56133],{"class":152},"copied_fruits",[94,56135,316],{"class":108},[24,56137,371],{},[85,56139,56141],{"className":87,"code":56140,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,56142,56143,56171],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,56144,56145,56147,56149,56151,56153,56155,56157,56159,56161,56163,56165,56167,56169],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,56146,539],{"class":108},[94,56148,968],{"class":331},[94,56150,1332],{"class":335},[94,56152,968],{"class":331},[94,56154,116],{"class":108},[94,56156,962],{"class":331},[94,56158,4432],{"class":335},[94,56160,968],{"class":331},[94,56162,116],{"class":108},[94,56164,962],{"class":331},[94,56166,33552],{"class":335},[94,56168,968],{"class":331},[94,56170,127],{"class":108},[94,56172,56173,56175,56177,56179,56181,56183,56185,56187,56189,56191,56193,56195,56197],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,56174,539],{"class":108},[94,56176,968],{"class":331},[94,56178,1332],{"class":335},[94,56180,968],{"class":331},[94,56182,116],{"class":108},[94,56184,962],{"class":331},[94,56186,4432],{"class":335},[94,56188,968],{"class":331},[94,56190,116],{"class":108},[94,56192,962],{"class":331},[94,56194,33552],{"class":335},[94,56196,968],{"class":331},[94,56198,127],{"class":108},[24,56200,56201],{},"Even though the contents are the same, these are two different lists.",[80,56203,2514],{"id":2513},[24,56205,2517],{},[85,56207,56209],{"className":87,"code":56208,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"new_list = old_list.copy()\n",[15,56210,56211],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,56212,56213,56215,56217,56220,56222,56224],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,56214,140],{"class":100},[94,56216,105],{"class":104},[94,56218,56219],{"class":100}," old_list",[94,56221,168],{"class":108},[94,56223,13237],{"class":152},[94,56225,511],{"class":108},[24,56227,56228],{},"How it works:",[28,56230,56231,56237,56240],{},[31,56232,56233,56234,56236],{},"Call ",[15,56235,13102],{}," on an existing list",[31,56238,56239],{},"Save the returned value in a new variable",[31,56241,56242],{},"Use the new variable as your copied list",[24,56244,56245],{},"Example with an empty list:",[85,56247,56249],{"className":87,"code":56248,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"empty_list = []\nnew_empty_list = empty_list.copy()\n\nprint(new_empty_list)\n",[15,56250,56251,56260,56276,56280],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,56252,56253,56256,56258],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,56254,56255],{"class":100},"empty_list ",[94,56257,105],{"class":104},[94,56259,8173],{"class":108},[94,56261,56262,56265,56267,56270,56272,56274],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,56263,56264],{"class":100},"new_empty_list ",[94,56266,105],{"class":104},[94,56268,56269],{"class":100}," empty_list",[94,56271,168],{"class":108},[94,56273,13237],{"class":152},[94,56275,511],{"class":108},[94,56277,56278],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,56279,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,56281,56282,56284,56286,56289],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,56283,326],{"class":145},[94,56285,149],{"class":108},[94,56287,56288],{"class":152},"new_empty_list",[94,56290,316],{"class":108},[24,56292,371],{},[85,56294,56295],{"className":87,"code":38627,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,56296,56297],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,56298,56299],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,56300,38627],{"class":108},[24,56302,56303],{},"This works for both empty and non-empty lists.",[80,56305,56307,56308],{"id":56306},"why-not-use","Why not use ",[15,56309,105],{},[24,56311,1484,56312,14381,56314,52997],{},[15,56313,105],{},[43,56315,45],{},[24,56317,56318],{},"It only creates a new variable that points to the same list in memory.",[85,56320,56322],{"className":87,"code":56321,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nsame_list = numbers\n\nsame_list.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(same_list)\n",[15,56323,56324,56344,56353,56357,56372,56376,56386],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,56325,56326,56328,56330,56332,56334,56336,56338,56340,56342],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,56327,101],{"class":100},[94,56329,105],{"class":104},[94,56331,109],{"class":108},[94,56333,412],{"class":112},[94,56335,116],{"class":108},[94,56337,124],{"class":112},[94,56339,116],{"class":108},[94,56341,421],{"class":112},[94,56343,127],{"class":108},[94,56345,56346,56349,56351],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,56347,56348],{"class":100},"same_list ",[94,56350,105],{"class":104},[94,56352,44313],{"class":100},[94,56354,56355],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,56356,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,56358,56359,56362,56364,56366,56368,56370],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,56360,56361],{"class":100},"same_list",[94,56363,168],{"class":108},[94,56365,13880],{"class":152},[94,56367,149],{"class":108},[94,56369,857],{"class":112},[94,56371,316],{"class":108},[94,56373,56374],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,56375,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,56377,56378,56380,56382,56384],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,56379,326],{"class":145},[94,56381,149],{"class":108},[94,56383,153],{"class":152},[94,56385,316],{"class":108},[94,56387,56388,56390,56392,56394],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,56389,326],{"class":145},[94,56391,149],{"class":108},[94,56393,56361],{"class":152},[94,56395,316],{"class":108},[24,56397,371],{},[85,56399,56401],{"className":87,"code":56400,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56402,56403,56423],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,56404,56405,56407,56409,56411,56413,56415,56417,56419,56421],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,56406,539],{"class":108},[94,56408,412],{"class":112},[94,56410,116],{"class":108},[94,56412,124],{"class":112},[94,56414,116],{"class":108},[94,56416,421],{"class":112},[94,56418,116],{"class":108},[94,56420,624],{"class":112},[94,56422,127],{"class":108},[94,56424,56425,56427,56429,56431,56433,56435,56437,56439,56441],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,56426,539],{"class":108},[94,56428,412],{"class":112},[94,56430,116],{"class":108},[94,56432,124],{"class":112},[94,56434,116],{"class":108},[94,56436,421],{"class":112},[94,56438,116],{"class":108},[94,56440,624],{"class":112},[94,56442,127],{"class":108},[24,56444,56445],{},"Both variables refer to the same list, so changing one also changes the other.",[24,56447,56448,56449,384],{},"Now compare that with ",[15,56450,13102],{},[85,56452,56454],{"className":87,"code":56453,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\ncopied_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(copied_numbers)\n",[15,56455,56456,56476,56491,56495,56510,56514,56524],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,56457,56458,56460,56462,56464,56466,56468,56470,56472,56474],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,56459,101],{"class":100},[94,56461,105],{"class":104},[94,56463,109],{"class":108},[94,56465,412],{"class":112},[94,56467,116],{"class":108},[94,56469,124],{"class":112},[94,56471,116],{"class":108},[94,56473,421],{"class":112},[94,56475,127],{"class":108},[94,56477,56478,56481,56483,56485,56487,56489],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,56479,56480],{"class":100},"copied_numbers ",[94,56482,105],{"class":104},[94,56484,343],{"class":100},[94,56486,168],{"class":108},[94,56488,13237],{"class":152},[94,56490,511],{"class":108},[94,56492,56493],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,56494,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,56496,56497,56500,56502,56504,56506,56508],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,56498,56499],{"class":100},"copied_numbers",[94,56501,168],{"class":108},[94,56503,13880],{"class":152},[94,56505,149],{"class":108},[94,56507,857],{"class":112},[94,56509,316],{"class":108},[94,56511,56512],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,56513,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,56515,56516,56518,56520,56522],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,56517,326],{"class":145},[94,56519,149],{"class":108},[94,56521,153],{"class":152},[94,56523,316],{"class":108},[94,56525,56526,56528,56530,56532],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,56527,326],{"class":145},[94,56529,149],{"class":108},[94,56531,56499],{"class":152},[94,56533,316],{"class":108},[24,56535,371],{},[85,56537,56539],{"className":87,"code":56538,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56540,56541,56557],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,56542,56543,56545,56547,56549,56551,56553,56555],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,56544,539],{"class":108},[94,56546,412],{"class":112},[94,56548,116],{"class":108},[94,56550,124],{"class":112},[94,56552,116],{"class":108},[94,56554,421],{"class":112},[94,56556,127],{"class":108},[94,56558,56559,56561,56563,56565,56567,56569,56571,56573,56575],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,56560,539],{"class":108},[94,56562,412],{"class":112},[94,56564,116],{"class":108},[94,56566,124],{"class":112},[94,56568,116],{"class":108},[94,56570,421],{"class":112},[94,56572,116],{"class":108},[94,56574,624],{"class":112},[94,56576,127],{"class":108},[24,56578,56579,56580,168],{},"If you want to learn more about creating and working with lists, see ",[434,56581,986],{"href":985},[80,56583,56585],{"id":56584},"shallow-copy-meaning","Shallow copy meaning",[24,56587,56588,13173,56590,168],{},[15,56589,55928],{},[43,56591,13176],{},[24,56593,2463],{},[28,56595,56596,56599],{},[31,56597,56598],{},"The outer list is new",[31,56600,56601],{},"But nested mutable items inside it can still be shared",[24,56603,56604],{},"This matters when your list contains other lists.",[85,56606,56608],{"className":87,"code":56607,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,56609,56610,56637,56651,56655,56674,56678,56688],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,56611,56612,56614,56616,56619,56621,56623,56625,56627,56629,56631,56633,56635],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,56613,12413],{"class":100},[94,56615,105],{"class":104},[94,56617,56618],{"class":108}," [[",[94,56620,412],{"class":112},[94,56622,116],{"class":108},[94,56624,124],{"class":112},[94,56626,18392],{"class":108},[94,56628,109],{"class":108},[94,56630,113],{"class":112},[94,56632,116],{"class":108},[94,56634,624],{"class":112},[94,56636,53571],{"class":108},[94,56638,56639,56641,56643,56645,56647,56649],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,56640,14639],{"class":100},[94,56642,105],{"class":104},[94,56644,12486],{"class":100},[94,56646,168],{"class":108},[94,56648,13237],{"class":152},[94,56650,511],{"class":108},[94,56652,56653],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,56654,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,56656,56657,56659,56661,56663,56665,56667,56669,56672],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,56658,14658],{"class":100},[94,56660,539],{"class":108},[94,56662,2476],{"class":112},[94,56664,13877],{"class":108},[94,56666,13880],{"class":152},[94,56668,149],{"class":108},[94,56670,56671],{"class":112},"99",[94,56673,316],{"class":108},[94,56675,56676],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,56677,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,56679,56680,56682,56684,56686],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,56681,326],{"class":145},[94,56683,149],{"class":108},[94,56685,381],{"class":152},[94,56687,316],{"class":108},[94,56689,56690,56692,56694,56696],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,56691,326],{"class":145},[94,56693,149],{"class":108},[94,56695,14658],{"class":152},[94,56697,316],{"class":108},[24,56699,371],{},[85,56701,56703],{"className":87,"code":56702,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,56704,56705,56732],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,56706,56707,56710,56712,56714,56716,56718,56720,56722,56724,56726,56728,56730],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,56708,56709],{"class":108},"[[",[94,56711,412],{"class":112},[94,56713,116],{"class":108},[94,56715,124],{"class":112},[94,56717,116],{"class":108},[94,56719,10529],{"class":112},[94,56721,18392],{"class":108},[94,56723,109],{"class":108},[94,56725,113],{"class":112},[94,56727,116],{"class":108},[94,56729,624],{"class":112},[94,56731,53571],{"class":108},[94,56733,56734,56736,56738,56740,56742,56744,56746,56748,56750,56752,56754,56756],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,56735,56709],{"class":108},[94,56737,412],{"class":112},[94,56739,116],{"class":108},[94,56741,124],{"class":112},[94,56743,116],{"class":108},[94,56745,10529],{"class":112},[94,56747,18392],{"class":108},[94,56749,109],{"class":108},[94,56751,113],{"class":112},[94,56753,116],{"class":108},[94,56755,624],{"class":112},[94,56757,53571],{"class":108},[24,56759,56760],{},"Why did both change?",[28,56762,56763,56770],{},[31,56764,56765,1139,56767,56769],{},[15,56766,381],{},[15,56768,14658],{}," are different outer lists",[31,56771,56772,56773,56776],{},"But the inner list ",[15,56774,56775],{},"original[0]"," is the same object in both lists",[24,56778,53981,56779,56781],{},[15,56780,13102],{}," is usually safe for simple lists like:",[28,56783,56784,56787,56790],{},[31,56785,56786],{},"Numbers",[31,56788,56789],{},"Strings",[31,56791,40925],{},[24,56793,56794,56795,168],{},"If you need to understand this better, read ",[434,56796,14118],{"href":14117},[80,56798,17748],{"id":17747},[24,56800,56801,56803],{},[15,56802,55928],{}," returns a new list.",[24,56805,41236,56806,56808],{},[43,56807,45],{}," change the original list by itself.",[24,56810,56811],{},"You must save the result if you want to use the copied list.",[24,56813,16984],{},[85,56815,56817],{"className":87,"code":56816,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,56818,56819,56843,56857,56861],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,56820,56821,56823,56825,56827,56829,56831,56833,56835,56837,56839,56841],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,56822,13402],{"class":100},[94,56824,105],{"class":104},[94,56826,109],{"class":108},[94,56828,332],{"class":331},[94,56830,13419],{"class":335},[94,56832,332],{"class":331},[94,56834,116],{"class":108},[94,56836,1040],{"class":331},[94,56838,13436],{"class":335},[94,56840,332],{"class":331},[94,56842,127],{"class":108},[94,56844,56845,56847,56849,56851,56853,56855],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,56846,13445],{"class":100},[94,56848,105],{"class":104},[94,56850,13450],{"class":100},[94,56852,168],{"class":108},[94,56854,13237],{"class":152},[94,56856,511],{"class":108},[94,56858,56859],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,56860,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,56862,56863,56865,56867,56869],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,56864,326],{"class":145},[94,56866,149],{"class":108},[94,56868,13469],{"class":152},[94,56870,316],{"class":108},[24,56872,56873],{},"Incorrect if you expected a saved copy:",[85,56875,56877],{"className":87,"code":56876,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.copy()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,56878,56879,56903,56913,56917],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,56880,56881,56883,56885,56887,56889,56891,56893,56895,56897,56899,56901],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,56882,13402],{"class":100},[94,56884,105],{"class":104},[94,56886,109],{"class":108},[94,56888,332],{"class":331},[94,56890,13419],{"class":335},[94,56892,332],{"class":331},[94,56894,116],{"class":108},[94,56896,1040],{"class":331},[94,56898,13436],{"class":335},[94,56900,332],{"class":331},[94,56902,127],{"class":108},[94,56904,56905,56907,56909,56911],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,56906,17832],{"class":100},[94,56908,168],{"class":108},[94,56910,13237],{"class":152},[94,56912,511],{"class":108},[94,56914,56915],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,56916,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,56918,56919,56921,56923,56925],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,56920,326],{"class":145},[94,56922,149],{"class":108},[94,56924,17832],{"class":152},[94,56926,316],{"class":108},[24,56928,56929,56930,56932],{},"In the second example, ",[15,56931,13102],{}," runs, but the returned list is not stored anywhere.",[80,56934,815,56936],{"id":56935},"when-to-use-listcopy",[15,56937,55928],{},[24,56939,54,56940,822],{},[15,56941,55928],{},[28,56943,56944,56947,56950,56953],{},[31,56945,56946],{},"You want to edit a list without changing the original",[31,56948,56949],{},"You want to pass a list to code that may modify it",[31,56951,56952],{},"You want a simple backup before making changes",[31,56954,56955,56956],{},"You want a clear alternative to slicing with ",[15,56957,56958],{},"[:]",[24,56960,2566],{},[85,56962,56964],{"className":87,"code":56963,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"scores = [10, 20, 30]\nbackup_scores = scores.copy()\n\nscores.append(40)\n\nprint(scores)\nprint(backup_scores)\n",[15,56965,56966,56986,57001,57005,57020,57024,57034],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,56967,56968,56970,56972,56974,56976,56978,56980,56982,56984],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,56969,5401],{"class":100},[94,56971,105],{"class":104},[94,56973,109],{"class":108},[94,56975,2688],{"class":112},[94,56977,116],{"class":108},[94,56979,8124],{"class":112},[94,56981,116],{"class":108},[94,56983,8129],{"class":112},[94,56985,127],{"class":108},[94,56987,56988,56991,56993,56995,56997,56999],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,56989,56990],{"class":100},"backup_scores ",[94,56992,105],{"class":104},[94,56994,5448],{"class":100},[94,56996,168],{"class":108},[94,56998,13237],{"class":152},[94,57000,511],{"class":108},[94,57002,57003],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,57004,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,57006,57007,57009,57011,57013,57015,57018],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,57008,16717],{"class":100},[94,57010,168],{"class":108},[94,57012,13880],{"class":152},[94,57014,149],{"class":108},[94,57016,57017],{"class":112},"40",[94,57019,316],{"class":108},[94,57021,57022],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,57023,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,57025,57026,57028,57030,57032],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,57027,326],{"class":145},[94,57029,149],{"class":108},[94,57031,16717],{"class":152},[94,57033,316],{"class":108},[94,57035,57036,57038,57040,57043],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,57037,326],{"class":145},[94,57039,149],{"class":108},[94,57041,57042],{"class":152},"backup_scores",[94,57044,316],{"class":108},[24,57046,371],{},[85,57048,57050],{"className":87,"code":57049,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"[10, 20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,57051,57052,57072],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,57053,57054,57056,57058,57060,57062,57064,57066,57068,57070],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,57055,539],{"class":108},[94,57057,2688],{"class":112},[94,57059,116],{"class":108},[94,57061,8124],{"class":112},[94,57063,116],{"class":108},[94,57065,8129],{"class":112},[94,57067,116],{"class":108},[94,57069,51174],{"class":112},[94,57071,127],{"class":108},[94,57073,57074,57076,57078,57080,57082,57084,57086],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,57075,539],{"class":108},[94,57077,2688],{"class":112},[94,57079,116],{"class":108},[94,57081,8124],{"class":112},[94,57083,116],{"class":108},[94,57085,8129],{"class":112},[94,57087,127],{"class":108},[24,57089,57090,57091,168],{},"If you want to add items after copying, see ",[434,57092,55847,57094,567],{"href":57093},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method\u002F",[15,57095,52982],{},[80,57097,4862],{"id":4861},[24,57099,57100,57101,168],{},"Here are the most common problems with ",[15,57102,55928],{},[265,57104,1484,57106,57108],{"id":57105},"using-and-expecting-a-real-copy",[15,57107,105],{}," and expecting a real copy",[24,57110,39529],{},[85,57112,57114],{"className":87,"code":57113,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,57115,57116,57136,57144,57158,57162],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,57117,57118,57120,57122,57124,57126,57128,57130,57132,57134],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,57119,635],{"class":100},[94,57121,105],{"class":104},[94,57123,109],{"class":108},[94,57125,412],{"class":112},[94,57127,116],{"class":108},[94,57129,124],{"class":112},[94,57131,116],{"class":108},[94,57133,421],{"class":112},[94,57135,127],{"class":108},[94,57137,57138,57140,57142],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,57139,2937],{"class":100},[94,57141,105],{"class":104},[94,57143,36503],{"class":100},[94,57145,57146,57148,57150,57152,57154,57156],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,57147,1937],{"class":100},[94,57149,168],{"class":108},[94,57151,13880],{"class":152},[94,57153,149],{"class":108},[94,57155,857],{"class":112},[94,57157,316],{"class":108},[94,57159,57160],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,57161,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,57163,57164,57166,57168,57170,57172],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,57165,326],{"class":145},[94,57167,149],{"class":108},[94,57169,434],{"class":152},[94,57171,156],{"class":108},[94,57173,56026],{"class":159},[24,57175,57176,57177,6963],{},"Fix: use ",[15,57178,13102],{},[85,57180,57182],{"className":87,"code":57181,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a.copy()\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,57183,57184,57204,57218,57232,57236],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,57185,57186,57188,57190,57192,57194,57196,57198,57200,57202],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,57187,635],{"class":100},[94,57189,105],{"class":104},[94,57191,109],{"class":108},[94,57193,412],{"class":112},[94,57195,116],{"class":108},[94,57197,124],{"class":112},[94,57199,116],{"class":108},[94,57201,421],{"class":112},[94,57203,127],{"class":108},[94,57205,57206,57208,57210,57212,57214,57216],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,57207,2937],{"class":100},[94,57209,105],{"class":104},[94,57211,682],{"class":100},[94,57213,168],{"class":108},[94,57215,13237],{"class":152},[94,57217,511],{"class":108},[94,57219,57220,57222,57224,57226,57228,57230],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,57221,1937],{"class":100},[94,57223,168],{"class":108},[94,57225,13880],{"class":152},[94,57227,149],{"class":108},[94,57229,857],{"class":112},[94,57231,316],{"class":108},[94,57233,57234],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,57235,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,57237,57238,57240,57242,57244,57246],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,57239,326],{"class":145},[94,57241,149],{"class":108},[94,57243,434],{"class":152},[94,57245,156],{"class":108},[94,57247,55260],{"class":159},[265,57249,57251],{"id":57250},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-list","Forgetting to save the returned list",[85,57253,57255],{"className":87,"code":57254,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.copy()\n",[15,57256,57257,57277],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,57258,57259,57261,57263,57265,57267,57269,57271,57273,57275],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,57260,101],{"class":100},[94,57262,105],{"class":104},[94,57264,109],{"class":108},[94,57266,412],{"class":112},[94,57268,116],{"class":108},[94,57270,124],{"class":112},[94,57272,116],{"class":108},[94,57274,421],{"class":112},[94,57276,127],{"class":108},[94,57278,57279,57281,57283,57285],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,57280,153],{"class":100},[94,57282,168],{"class":108},[94,57284,13237],{"class":152},[94,57286,511],{"class":108},[24,57288,57289],{},"This creates a copy, but you do not keep it.",[24,57291,39592],{},[85,57293,57295],{"className":87,"code":57294,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n",[15,57296,57297,57317],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,57298,57299,57301,57303,57305,57307,57309,57311,57313,57315],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,57300,101],{"class":100},[94,57302,105],{"class":104},[94,57304,109],{"class":108},[94,57306,412],{"class":112},[94,57308,116],{"class":108},[94,57310,124],{"class":112},[94,57312,116],{"class":108},[94,57314,421],{"class":112},[94,57316,127],{"class":108},[94,57318,57319,57321,57323,57325,57327,57329],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,57320,56480],{"class":100},[94,57322,105],{"class":104},[94,57324,343],{"class":100},[94,57326,168],{"class":108},[94,57328,13237],{"class":152},[94,57330,511],{"class":108},[265,57332,57334],{"id":57333},"assuming-nested-lists-are-fully-copied","Assuming nested lists are fully copied",[85,57336,57338],{"className":87,"code":57337,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"a = [[1], [2]]\nb = a.copy()\n\nb[0].append(99)\n\nprint(a)  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[15,57339,57340,57358,57372,57376,57394,57398],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,57341,57342,57344,57346,57348,57350,57352,57354,57356],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,57343,635],{"class":100},[94,57345,105],{"class":104},[94,57347,56618],{"class":108},[94,57349,412],{"class":112},[94,57351,18392],{"class":108},[94,57353,109],{"class":108},[94,57355,763],{"class":112},[94,57357,53571],{"class":108},[94,57359,57360,57362,57364,57366,57368,57370],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,57361,2937],{"class":100},[94,57363,105],{"class":104},[94,57365,682],{"class":100},[94,57367,168],{"class":108},[94,57369,13237],{"class":152},[94,57371,511],{"class":108},[94,57373,57374],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,57375,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,57377,57378,57380,57382,57384,57386,57388,57390,57392],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,57379,1937],{"class":100},[94,57381,539],{"class":108},[94,57383,2476],{"class":112},[94,57385,13877],{"class":108},[94,57387,13880],{"class":152},[94,57389,149],{"class":108},[94,57391,56671],{"class":112},[94,57393,316],{"class":108},[94,57395,57396],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,57397,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,57399,57400,57402,57404,57406,57408],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,57401,326],{"class":145},[94,57403,149],{"class":108},[94,57405,434],{"class":152},[94,57407,156],{"class":108},[94,57409,57410],{"class":159},"  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[24,57412,57413,57414,57416],{},"Fix: remember that ",[15,57415,55928],{}," is shallow.",[265,57418,25948,57420,57422],{"id":57419},"trying-to-use-copy-on-the-wrong-data-type",[15,57421,13102],{}," on the wrong data type",[24,57424,57425,57427],{},[15,57426,13102],{}," here is a list method, so the value must be a list.",[85,57429,57431],{"className":87,"code":57430,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"name = \"Alice\"\n# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[15,57432,57433,57445],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,57434,57435,57437,57439,57441,57443],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,57436,8211],{"class":100},[94,57438,105],{"class":104},[94,57440,1040],{"class":331},[94,57442,1043],{"class":335},[94,57444,1812],{"class":331},[94,57446,57447],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,57448,57449],{"class":159},"# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[24,57451,57452],{},"If you are not sure what the variable contains, check its type:",[85,57454,57456],{"className":87,"code":57455,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(type(name))\n",[15,57457,57458],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,57459,57460,57462,57464,57466,57468,57470],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,57461,326],{"class":145},[94,57463,149],{"class":108},[94,57465,914],{"class":913},[94,57467,149],{"class":108},[94,57469,8001],{"class":152},[94,57471,921],{"class":108},[24,57473,57474,57475,57479],{},"You can also review ",[434,57476,57478],{"href":57477},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list\u002F","creating a list in Python"," if you need a quick refresher.",[80,57481,2160],{"id":2159},[265,57483,13029,57485,57487],{"id":57484},"does-listcopy-change-the-original-list",[15,57486,55928],{}," change the original list?",[24,57489,57490],{},"No. It returns a new list. The original list stays the same unless you change it separately.",[265,57492,5514,57494,1139,57496,2170],{"id":57493},"what-is-the-difference-between-listcopy-and",[15,57495,55928],{},[15,57497,105],{},[24,57499,57500,57502,57503,57505],{},[15,57501,13102],{}," creates a new list. ",[15,57504,105],{}," creates another reference to the same list.",[265,57507,15230,57509,15233],{"id":57508},"is-listcopy-a-deep-copy",[15,57510,55928],{},[24,57512,57513],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable items are still shared.",[265,57515,57517],{"id":57516},"can-i-copy-an-empty-list","Can I copy an empty list?",[24,57519,42483,57520,57523],{},[15,57521,57522],{},"empty_list.copy()"," returns another empty list.",[265,57525,15230,57527,57529,57530,2170],{"id":57526},"is-listcopy-the-same-as",[15,57528,55928],{}," the same as ",[15,57531,56958],{},[24,57533,57534],{},"For basic list copying, yes. Both create a shallow copy of the list.",[80,57536,2232],{"id":2231},[28,57538,57539,57544,57548,57553,57559],{},[31,57540,57541],{},[434,57542,15292],{"href":57543},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python\u002F",[31,57545,57546],{},[434,57547,986],{"href":985},[31,57549,57550],{},[434,57551,57552],{"href":57477},"Creating a list in Python",[31,57554,57555],{},[434,57556,55847,57557,567],{"href":57093},[15,57558,52982],{},[31,57560,57561],{},[434,57562,14118],{"href":14117},[2260,57564,57565],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":90,"searchDepth":130,"depth":130,"links":57567},[57568,57569,57571,57572,57574,57575,57576,57578,57586,57597],{"id":2360,"depth":130,"text":2361},{"id":56036,"depth":130,"text":57570},"What list.copy() does",{"id":2513,"depth":130,"text":2514},{"id":56306,"depth":130,"text":57573},"Why not use =",{"id":56584,"depth":130,"text":56585},{"id":17747,"depth":130,"text":17748},{"id":56935,"depth":130,"text":57577},"When to use list.copy()",{"id":4861,"depth":130,"text":4862,"children":57579},[57580,57582,57583,57584],{"id":57105,"depth":137,"text":57581},"Using = and expecting a real copy",{"id":57250,"depth":137,"text":57251},{"id":57333,"depth":137,"text":57334},{"id":57419,"depth":137,"text":57585},"Trying to use copy() on the wrong data type",{"id":2159,"depth":130,"text":2160,"children":57587},[57588,57590,57592,57594,57595],{"id":57484,"depth":137,"text":57589},"Does list.copy() change the original list?",{"id":57493,"depth":137,"text":57591},"What is the difference between list.copy() and =?",{"id":57508,"depth":137,"text":57593},"Is list.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":57516,"depth":137,"text":57517},{"id":57526,"depth":137,"text":57596},"Is list.copy() the same as [:]?",{"id":2231,"depth":130,"text":2232},"Master python list copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method",{"title":55916,"description":57598},"reference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method","11yUo2QbfqRZ7h2dQr_jV0K1th-3cpd3G63JAUj7QoI",{"id":57605,"title":57606,"body":57607,"description":59349,"extension":2319,"meta":59350,"navigation":133,"path":59351,"seo":59352,"stem":59353,"__hash__":59354},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method.md","Python List count() Method",{"type":7,"value":57608,"toc":59308},[57609,57615,57621,57624,57635,57638,57640,57703,57709,57714,57718,57732,57735,57740,57745,57747,57749,57768,57780,57782,57849,57851,57859,57864,57866,57874,57877,57894,57896,58020,58031,58035,58040,58043,58045,58063,58067,58153,58162,58170,58239,58241,58244,58256,58261,58265,58336,58339,58343,58347,58412,58414,58422,58426,58509,58511,58519,58523,58584,58586,58594,58598,58685,58687,58695,58700,58705,58708,58719,58721,58806,58811,58820,58822,58826,58830,58835,58897,58901,58909,58915,58924,58929,58978,58981,59002,59006,59068,59075,59080,59083,59170,59173,59184,59187,59207,59209,59215,59218,59222,59226,59232,59235,59241,59248,59256,59267,59269,59305],[10,57610,54670,57612,11651],{"id":57611},"python-list-count-method",[15,57613,57614],{},"count()",[24,57616,57617,57620],{},[15,57618,57619],{},"list.count()"," tells you how many times one value appears in a list.",[24,57622,57623],{},"It is a useful method when you want to:",[28,57625,57626,57629,57632],{},[31,57627,57628],{},"count one specific item",[31,57630,57631],{},"check whether a value appears more than once",[31,57633,57634],{},"quickly see how many matches exist",[24,57636,57637],{},"It returns a number and does not change the original list.",[80,57639,83],{"id":82},[85,57641,57643],{"className":87,"code":57642,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 2]\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,57644,57645,57673,57691],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,57646,57647,57649,57651,57653,57655,57657,57659,57661,57663,57665,57667,57669,57671],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,57648,101],{"class":100},[94,57650,105],{"class":104},[94,57652,109],{"class":108},[94,57654,412],{"class":112},[94,57656,116],{"class":108},[94,57658,124],{"class":112},[94,57660,116],{"class":108},[94,57662,124],{"class":112},[94,57664,116],{"class":108},[94,57666,421],{"class":112},[94,57668,116],{"class":108},[94,57670,124],{"class":112},[94,57672,127],{"class":108},[94,57674,57675,57677,57679,57681,57683,57685,57687,57689],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,57676,305],{"class":100},[94,57678,105],{"class":104},[94,57680,343],{"class":100},[94,57682,168],{"class":108},[94,57684,41590],{"class":152},[94,57686,149],{"class":108},[94,57688,763],{"class":112},[94,57690,316],{"class":108},[94,57692,57693,57695,57697,57699,57701],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,57694,326],{"class":145},[94,57696,149],{"class":108},[94,57698,902],{"class":152},[94,57700,156],{"class":108},[94,57702,51101],{"class":159},[24,57704,54,57705,57708],{},[15,57706,57707],{},"list.count(value)"," to count how many times one value appears in a list.",[80,57710,215,57712,218],{"id":57711},"what-listcount-does",[15,57713,57619],{},[24,57715,57716,384],{},[15,57717,57619],{},[28,57719,57720,57723,57726,57729],{},[31,57721,57722],{},"counts how many times a given value appears in a list",[31,57724,57725],{},"returns an integer",[31,57727,57728],{},"does not change the original list",[31,57730,57731],{},"checks for exact matches",[24,57733,57734],{},"This means Python looks through the whole list and compares each item to the value you gave it.",[24,57736,57737,57738,168],{},"If the value appears 3 times, the method returns ",[15,57739,113],{},[24,57741,57742,57743,168],{},"If it does not appear at all, the method returns ",[15,57744,2476],{},[80,57746,2514],{"id":2513},[24,57748,2517],{},[85,57750,57752],{"className":87,"code":57751,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"my_list.count(value)\n",[15,57753,57754],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,57755,57756,57758,57760,57762,57764,57766],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,57757,594],{"class":100},[94,57759,168],{"class":108},[94,57761,41590],{"class":152},[94,57763,149],{"class":108},[94,57765,2829],{"class":152},[94,57767,316],{"class":108},[28,57769,57770,57775],{},[31,57771,57772,57774],{},[15,57773,594],{}," is the list you want to search",[31,57776,57777,57779],{},[15,57778,2829],{}," is the item you want to count",[24,57781,2566],{},[85,57783,57785],{"className":87,"code":57784,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"a\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,57786,57787,57827],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,57788,57789,57791,57793,57795,57797,57799,57801,57803,57805,57807,57809,57811,57813,57815,57817,57819,57821,57823,57825],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,57790,36418],{"class":100},[94,57792,105],{"class":104},[94,57794,109],{"class":108},[94,57796,332],{"class":331},[94,57798,434],{"class":335},[94,57800,332],{"class":331},[94,57802,116],{"class":108},[94,57804,1040],{"class":331},[94,57806,1937],{"class":335},[94,57808,332],{"class":331},[94,57810,116],{"class":108},[94,57812,1040],{"class":331},[94,57814,434],{"class":335},[94,57816,332],{"class":331},[94,57818,116],{"class":108},[94,57820,1040],{"class":331},[94,57822,1946],{"class":335},[94,57824,332],{"class":331},[94,57826,127],{"class":108},[94,57828,57829,57831,57833,57835,57837,57839,57841,57843,57845,57847],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,57830,326],{"class":145},[94,57832,149],{"class":108},[94,57834,36471],{"class":152},[94,57836,168],{"class":108},[94,57838,41590],{"class":152},[94,57840,149],{"class":108},[94,57842,332],{"class":331},[94,57844,434],{"class":335},[94,57846,332],{"class":331},[94,57848,921],{"class":108},[24,57850,371],{},[85,57852,57853],{"className":87,"code":17385,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,57854,57855],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,57856,57857],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,57858,17385],{"class":112},[24,57860,57861,57862,168],{},"Python checks the whole list. If the value is not found, it returns ",[15,57863,2476],{},[80,57865,38350],{"id":38349},[24,57867,57868,57869,57871,57872,168],{},"The return value from ",[15,57870,57614],{}," is always an ",[15,57873,2546],{},[24,57875,57876],{},"Possible results:",[28,57878,57879,57884,57889],{},[31,57880,57881,57883],{},[15,57882,2476],{}," if the value does not exist in the list",[31,57885,57886,57888],{},[15,57887,412],{}," if it appears once",[31,57890,57891,57893],{},[15,57892,763],{}," or more if it appears multiple times",[24,57895,2566],{},[85,57897,57899],{"className":87,"code":57898,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nprint(colors.count(\"blue\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))    # 1\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\")) # 0\n",[15,57900,57901,57941,57945,57970,57995],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,57902,57903,57905,57907,57909,57911,57913,57915,57917,57919,57921,57923,57925,57927,57929,57931,57933,57935,57937,57939],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,57904,13402],{"class":100},[94,57906,105],{"class":104},[94,57908,109],{"class":108},[94,57910,332],{"class":331},[94,57912,13419],{"class":335},[94,57914,332],{"class":331},[94,57916,116],{"class":108},[94,57918,1040],{"class":331},[94,57920,13436],{"class":335},[94,57922,332],{"class":331},[94,57924,116],{"class":108},[94,57926,1040],{"class":331},[94,57928,17785],{"class":335},[94,57930,332],{"class":331},[94,57932,116],{"class":108},[94,57934,1040],{"class":331},[94,57936,13436],{"class":335},[94,57938,332],{"class":331},[94,57940,127],{"class":108},[94,57942,57943],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,57944,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,57946,57947,57949,57951,57953,57955,57957,57959,57961,57963,57965,57967],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,57948,326],{"class":145},[94,57950,149],{"class":108},[94,57952,17832],{"class":152},[94,57954,168],{"class":108},[94,57956,41590],{"class":152},[94,57958,149],{"class":108},[94,57960,332],{"class":331},[94,57962,13436],{"class":335},[94,57964,332],{"class":331},[94,57966,5693],{"class":108},[94,57968,57969],{"class":159},"   # 2\n",[94,57971,57972,57974,57976,57978,57980,57982,57984,57986,57988,57990,57992],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,57973,326],{"class":145},[94,57975,149],{"class":108},[94,57977,17832],{"class":152},[94,57979,168],{"class":108},[94,57981,41590],{"class":152},[94,57983,149],{"class":108},[94,57985,332],{"class":331},[94,57987,13419],{"class":335},[94,57989,332],{"class":331},[94,57991,5693],{"class":108},[94,57993,57994],{"class":159},"    # 1\n",[94,57996,57997,57999,58001,58003,58005,58007,58009,58011,58013,58015,58017],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,57998,326],{"class":145},[94,58000,149],{"class":108},[94,58002,17832],{"class":152},[94,58004,168],{"class":108},[94,58006,41590],{"class":152},[94,58008,149],{"class":108},[94,58010,332],{"class":331},[94,58012,22855],{"class":335},[94,58014,332],{"class":331},[94,58016,5693],{"class":108},[94,58018,58019],{"class":159}," # 0\n",[24,58021,58022,58023,58025,58026,58028,58029,168],{},"If you only want to know whether a value exists, ",[15,58024,57614],{}," works, but using ",[15,58027,4228],{}," is often simpler. See ",[434,58030,6530],{"href":6529},[80,58032,58034],{"id":58033},"how-matching-works","How matching works",[24,58036,58037,58039],{},[15,58038,57619],{}," uses equality matching.",[24,58041,58042],{},"That means Python checks whether each item is equal to the value you passed in.",[24,58044,43981],{},[28,58046,58047,58050,58053,58060],{},[31,58048,58049],{},"matches are based on equality",[31,58051,58052],{},"strings are case-sensitive",[31,58054,58055,1139,58057,58059],{},[15,58056,412],{},[15,58058,1225],{}," may compare as equal in Python",[31,58061,58062],{},"nested lists can be counted if the entire nested list matches",[265,58064,58066],{"id":58065},"strings-are-case-sensitive","Strings are case-sensitive",[85,58068,58070],{"className":87,"code":58069,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"words = [\"apple\", \"Apple\", \"apple\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\nprint(words.count(\"Apple\"))  # 1\n",[15,58071,58072,58105,58129],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,58073,58074,58076,58078,58080,58082,58084,58086,58088,58090,58093,58095,58097,58099,58101,58103],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,58075,1314],{"class":100},[94,58077,105],{"class":104},[94,58079,109],{"class":108},[94,58081,332],{"class":331},[94,58083,1332],{"class":335},[94,58085,332],{"class":331},[94,58087,116],{"class":108},[94,58089,1040],{"class":331},[94,58091,58092],{"class":335},"Apple",[94,58094,332],{"class":331},[94,58096,116],{"class":108},[94,58098,1040],{"class":331},[94,58100,1332],{"class":335},[94,58102,332],{"class":331},[94,58104,127],{"class":108},[94,58106,58107,58109,58111,58113,58115,58117,58119,58121,58123,58125,58127],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,58108,326],{"class":145},[94,58110,149],{"class":108},[94,58112,1362],{"class":152},[94,58114,168],{"class":108},[94,58116,41590],{"class":152},[94,58118,149],{"class":108},[94,58120,332],{"class":331},[94,58122,1332],{"class":335},[94,58124,332],{"class":331},[94,58126,5693],{"class":108},[94,58128,51744],{"class":159},[94,58130,58131,58133,58135,58137,58139,58141,58143,58145,58147,58149,58151],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,58132,326],{"class":145},[94,58134,149],{"class":108},[94,58136,1362],{"class":152},[94,58138,168],{"class":108},[94,58140,41590],{"class":152},[94,58142,149],{"class":108},[94,58144,332],{"class":331},[94,58146,58092],{"class":335},[94,58148,332],{"class":331},[94,58150,5693],{"class":108},[94,58152,28111],{"class":159},[24,58154,58155,1139,58158,58161],{},[15,58156,58157],{},"\"apple\"",[15,58159,58160],{},"\"Apple\""," are different strings.",[265,58163,58165,1139,58167,58169],{"id":58164},"_1-and-true-can-match",[15,58166,412],{},[15,58168,1225],{}," can match",[85,58171,58173],{"className":87,"code":58172,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"values = [1, True, 2, 1]\nprint(values.count(1))     # 3\nprint(values.count(True))  # 3\n",[15,58174,58175,58199,58219],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,58176,58177,58179,58181,58183,58185,58187,58189,58191,58193,58195,58197],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,58178,4167],{"class":100},[94,58180,105],{"class":104},[94,58182,109],{"class":108},[94,58184,412],{"class":112},[94,58186,116],{"class":108},[94,58188,4261],{"class":1224},[94,58190,116],{"class":108},[94,58192,124],{"class":112},[94,58194,116],{"class":108},[94,58196,119],{"class":112},[94,58198,127],{"class":108},[94,58200,58201,58203,58205,58207,58209,58211,58213,58215,58217],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,58202,326],{"class":145},[94,58204,149],{"class":108},[94,58206,5690],{"class":152},[94,58208,168],{"class":108},[94,58210,41590],{"class":152},[94,58212,149],{"class":108},[94,58214,412],{"class":112},[94,58216,5693],{"class":108},[94,58218,51249],{"class":159},[94,58220,58221,58223,58225,58227,58229,58231,58233,58235,58237],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,58222,326],{"class":145},[94,58224,149],{"class":108},[94,58226,5690],{"class":152},[94,58228,168],{"class":108},[94,58230,41590],{"class":152},[94,58232,149],{"class":108},[94,58234,1225],{"class":1224},[94,58236,5693],{"class":108},[94,58238,51101],{"class":159},[24,58240,4753],{},[24,58242,58243],{},"In Python:",[28,58245,58246,58251],{},[31,58247,58248],{},[15,58249,58250],{},"True == 1",[31,58252,58253],{},[15,58254,58255],{},"False == 0",[24,58257,53981,58258,58260],{},[15,58259,57614],{}," may include both booleans and integers when they compare as equal.",[265,58262,58264],{"id":58263},"nested-lists-must-match-exactly","Nested lists must match exactly",[85,58266,58268],{"className":87,"code":58267,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"items = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [1, 2], [1]]\nprint(items.count([1, 2]))  # 2\n",[15,58269,58270,58312],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,58271,58272,58274,58276,58278,58280,58282,58284,58286,58288,58290,58292,58294,58296,58298,58300,58302,58304,58306,58308,58310],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,58273,8113],{"class":100},[94,58275,105],{"class":104},[94,58277,56618],{"class":108},[94,58279,412],{"class":112},[94,58281,116],{"class":108},[94,58283,124],{"class":112},[94,58285,18392],{"class":108},[94,58287,109],{"class":108},[94,58289,113],{"class":112},[94,58291,116],{"class":108},[94,58293,624],{"class":112},[94,58295,18392],{"class":108},[94,58297,109],{"class":108},[94,58299,412],{"class":112},[94,58301,116],{"class":108},[94,58303,124],{"class":112},[94,58305,18392],{"class":108},[94,58307,109],{"class":108},[94,58309,412],{"class":112},[94,58311,53571],{"class":108},[94,58313,58314,58316,58318,58320,58322,58324,58326,58328,58330,58332,58334],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,58315,326],{"class":145},[94,58317,149],{"class":108},[94,58319,8144],{"class":152},[94,58321,168],{"class":108},[94,58323,41590],{"class":152},[94,58325,3342],{"class":108},[94,58327,412],{"class":112},[94,58329,116],{"class":108},[94,58331,124],{"class":112},[94,58333,5078],{"class":108},[94,58335,51744],{"class":159},[24,58337,58338],{},"Python counts only exact matches of the full nested list.",[80,58340,58342],{"id":58341},"beginner-examples-to-include","Beginner examples to include",[265,58344,58346],{"id":58345},"count-a-number-in-a-list-of-numbers","Count a number in a list of numbers",[85,58348,58350],{"className":87,"code":58349,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [10, 20, 10, 30, 10]\nresult = numbers.count(10)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58351,58352,58380,58398,58402],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,58353,58354,58356,58358,58360,58362,58364,58366,58368,58370,58372,58374,58376,58378],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,58355,101],{"class":100},[94,58357,105],{"class":104},[94,58359,109],{"class":108},[94,58361,2688],{"class":112},[94,58363,116],{"class":108},[94,58365,8124],{"class":112},[94,58367,116],{"class":108},[94,58369,6336],{"class":112},[94,58371,116],{"class":108},[94,58373,8129],{"class":112},[94,58375,116],{"class":108},[94,58377,6336],{"class":112},[94,58379,127],{"class":108},[94,58381,58382,58384,58386,58388,58390,58392,58394,58396],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,58383,305],{"class":100},[94,58385,105],{"class":104},[94,58387,343],{"class":100},[94,58389,168],{"class":108},[94,58391,41590],{"class":152},[94,58393,149],{"class":108},[94,58395,2688],{"class":112},[94,58397,316],{"class":108},[94,58399,58400],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,58401,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,58403,58404,58406,58408,58410],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,58405,326],{"class":145},[94,58407,149],{"class":108},[94,58409,902],{"class":152},[94,58411,316],{"class":108},[24,58413,371],{},[85,58415,58416],{"className":87,"code":46948,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,58417,58418],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,58419,58420],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,58421,46948],{"class":112},[265,58423,58425],{"id":58424},"count-a-word-in-a-list-of-strings","Count a word in a list of strings",[85,58427,58429],{"className":87,"code":58428,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"words = [\"cat\", \"dog\", \"cat\", \"bird\"]\nresult = words.count(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58430,58431,58473,58495,58499],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,58432,58433,58435,58437,58439,58441,58443,58445,58447,58449,58452,58454,58456,58458,58460,58462,58464,58466,58469,58471],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,58434,1314],{"class":100},[94,58436,105],{"class":104},[94,58438,109],{"class":108},[94,58440,332],{"class":331},[94,58442,37376],{"class":335},[94,58444,332],{"class":331},[94,58446,116],{"class":108},[94,58448,1040],{"class":331},[94,58450,58451],{"class":335},"dog",[94,58453,332],{"class":331},[94,58455,116],{"class":108},[94,58457,1040],{"class":331},[94,58459,37376],{"class":335},[94,58461,332],{"class":331},[94,58463,116],{"class":108},[94,58465,1040],{"class":331},[94,58467,58468],{"class":335},"bird",[94,58470,332],{"class":331},[94,58472,127],{"class":108},[94,58474,58475,58477,58479,58481,58483,58485,58487,58489,58491,58493],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,58476,305],{"class":100},[94,58478,105],{"class":104},[94,58480,6500],{"class":100},[94,58482,168],{"class":108},[94,58484,41590],{"class":152},[94,58486,149],{"class":108},[94,58488,332],{"class":331},[94,58490,37376],{"class":335},[94,58492,332],{"class":331},[94,58494,316],{"class":108},[94,58496,58497],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,58498,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,58500,58501,58503,58505,58507],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,58502,326],{"class":145},[94,58504,149],{"class":108},[94,58506,902],{"class":152},[94,58508,316],{"class":108},[24,58510,371],{},[85,58512,58513],{"className":87,"code":17385,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,58514,58515],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,58516,58517],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,58518,17385],{"class":112},[265,58520,58522],{"id":58521},"count-a-value-that-is-not-in-the-list","Count a value that is not in the list",[85,58524,58526],{"className":87,"code":58525,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = numbers.count(5)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58527,58528,58552,58570,58574],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,58529,58530,58532,58534,58536,58538,58540,58542,58544,58546,58548,58550],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,58531,101],{"class":100},[94,58533,105],{"class":104},[94,58535,109],{"class":108},[94,58537,412],{"class":112},[94,58539,116],{"class":108},[94,58541,124],{"class":112},[94,58543,116],{"class":108},[94,58545,421],{"class":112},[94,58547,116],{"class":108},[94,58549,624],{"class":112},[94,58551,127],{"class":108},[94,58553,58554,58556,58558,58560,58562,58564,58566,58568],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,58555,305],{"class":100},[94,58557,105],{"class":104},[94,58559,343],{"class":100},[94,58561,168],{"class":108},[94,58563,41590],{"class":152},[94,58565,149],{"class":108},[94,58567,615],{"class":112},[94,58569,316],{"class":108},[94,58571,58572],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,58573,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,58575,58576,58578,58580,58582],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,58577,326],{"class":145},[94,58579,149],{"class":108},[94,58581,902],{"class":152},[94,58583,316],{"class":108},[24,58585,371],{},[85,58587,58588],{"className":87,"code":47583,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,58589,58590],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,58591,58592],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,58593,47583],{"class":112},[265,58595,58597],{"id":58596},"count-repeated-nested-list-values","Count repeated nested list values",[85,58599,58601],{"className":87,"code":58600,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"data = [[1, 2], [1, 2], [2, 3], [1, 2]]\nresult = data.count([1, 2])\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58602,58603,58649,58671,58675],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,58604,58605,58607,58609,58611,58613,58615,58617,58619,58621,58623,58625,58627,58629,58631,58633,58635,58637,58639,58641,58643,58645,58647],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,58606,9499],{"class":100},[94,58608,105],{"class":104},[94,58610,56618],{"class":108},[94,58612,412],{"class":112},[94,58614,116],{"class":108},[94,58616,124],{"class":112},[94,58618,18392],{"class":108},[94,58620,109],{"class":108},[94,58622,412],{"class":112},[94,58624,116],{"class":108},[94,58626,124],{"class":112},[94,58628,18392],{"class":108},[94,58630,109],{"class":108},[94,58632,763],{"class":112},[94,58634,116],{"class":108},[94,58636,421],{"class":112},[94,58638,18392],{"class":108},[94,58640,109],{"class":108},[94,58642,412],{"class":112},[94,58644,116],{"class":108},[94,58646,124],{"class":112},[94,58648,53571],{"class":108},[94,58650,58651,58653,58655,58657,58659,58661,58663,58665,58667,58669],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,58652,305],{"class":100},[94,58654,105],{"class":104},[94,58656,14894],{"class":100},[94,58658,168],{"class":108},[94,58660,41590],{"class":152},[94,58662,3342],{"class":108},[94,58664,412],{"class":112},[94,58666,116],{"class":108},[94,58668,124],{"class":112},[94,58670,4234],{"class":108},[94,58672,58673],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,58674,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,58676,58677,58679,58681,58683],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,58678,326],{"class":145},[94,58680,149],{"class":108},[94,58682,902],{"class":152},[94,58684,316],{"class":108},[24,58686,371],{},[85,58688,58689],{"className":87,"code":46948,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,58690,58691],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,58692,58693],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,58694,46948],{"class":112},[80,58696,815,58698],{"id":58697},"when-to-use-count",[15,58699,57614],{},[24,58701,54,58702,58704],{},[15,58703,57614],{}," when you need the number of appearances of one value.",[24,58706,58707],{},"Good use cases:",[28,58709,58710,58713,58716],{},[31,58711,58712],{},"counting one specific item",[31,58714,58715],{},"checking whether a list contains duplicates of a value",[31,58717,58718],{},"doing a quick count before making a decision",[24,58720,2566],{},[85,58722,58724],{"className":87,"code":58723,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"votes = [\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\"]\nyes_votes = votes.count(\"yes\")\n\nprint(yes_votes)\n",[15,58725,58726,58767,58791,58795],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,58727,58728,58731,58733,58735,58737,58739,58741,58743,58745,58747,58749,58751,58753,58755,58757,58759,58761,58763,58765],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,58729,58730],{"class":100},"votes ",[94,58732,105],{"class":104},[94,58734,109],{"class":108},[94,58736,332],{"class":331},[94,58738,8990],{"class":335},[94,58740,332],{"class":331},[94,58742,116],{"class":108},[94,58744,1040],{"class":331},[94,58746,8931],{"class":335},[94,58748,332],{"class":331},[94,58750,116],{"class":108},[94,58752,1040],{"class":331},[94,58754,8990],{"class":335},[94,58756,332],{"class":331},[94,58758,116],{"class":108},[94,58760,1040],{"class":331},[94,58762,8990],{"class":335},[94,58764,332],{"class":331},[94,58766,127],{"class":108},[94,58768,58769,58772,58774,58777,58779,58781,58783,58785,58787,58789],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,58770,58771],{"class":100},"yes_votes ",[94,58773,105],{"class":104},[94,58775,58776],{"class":100}," votes",[94,58778,168],{"class":108},[94,58780,41590],{"class":152},[94,58782,149],{"class":108},[94,58784,332],{"class":331},[94,58786,8990],{"class":335},[94,58788,332],{"class":331},[94,58790,316],{"class":108},[94,58792,58793],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,58794,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,58796,58797,58799,58801,58804],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,58798,326],{"class":145},[94,58800,149],{"class":108},[94,58802,58803],{"class":152},"yes_votes",[94,58805,316],{"class":108},[24,58807,58808,58810],{},[15,58809,57614],{}," is not the best choice if you need counts for many different values. In that case, you would usually use a loop or another tool.",[24,58812,58813,58814,1139,58816,168],{},"If you are still learning list basics, see ",[434,58815,986],{"href":985},[434,58817,58819],{"href":58818},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-list-in-python\u002F","what is a list in Python",[80,58821,3186],{"id":3185},[24,58823,8780,58824,168],{},[15,58825,57619],{},[265,58827,58829],{"id":58828},"trying-to-count-part-of-a-string-instead-of-list-items","Trying to count part of a string instead of list items",[24,58831,58832,58834],{},[15,58833,57619],{}," counts list items, not parts of a string.",[85,58836,58838],{"className":87,"code":58837,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"words = [\"apple pie\", \"banana\", \"apple pie\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 0\n",[15,58839,58840,58873],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,58841,58842,58844,58846,58848,58850,58853,58855,58857,58859,58861,58863,58865,58867,58869,58871],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,58843,1314],{"class":100},[94,58845,105],{"class":104},[94,58847,109],{"class":108},[94,58849,332],{"class":331},[94,58851,58852],{"class":335},"apple pie",[94,58854,332],{"class":331},[94,58856,116],{"class":108},[94,58858,1040],{"class":331},[94,58860,4432],{"class":335},[94,58862,332],{"class":331},[94,58864,116],{"class":108},[94,58866,1040],{"class":331},[94,58868,58852],{"class":335},[94,58870,332],{"class":331},[94,58872,127],{"class":108},[94,58874,58875,58877,58879,58881,58883,58885,58887,58889,58891,58893,58895],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,58876,326],{"class":145},[94,58878,149],{"class":108},[94,58880,1362],{"class":152},[94,58882,168],{"class":108},[94,58884,41590],{"class":152},[94,58886,149],{"class":108},[94,58888,332],{"class":331},[94,58890,1332],{"class":335},[94,58892,332],{"class":331},[94,58894,5693],{"class":108},[94,58896,51576],{"class":159},[24,58898,2845,58899,2170],{},[15,58900,2476],{},[24,58902,29392,58903,58905,58906,168],{},[15,58904,58157],{}," is not a full item in the list. The list contains ",[15,58907,58908],{},"\"apple pie\"",[24,58910,58911,58912,168],{},"If your data is a string instead of a list, you may be thinking of ",[15,58913,58914],{},"str.count()",[265,58916,8786,58918,8789,58920,2167,58922],{"id":58917},"expecting-count-to-return-true-or-false",[15,58919,57614],{},[15,58921,1225],{},[15,58923,4020],{},[24,58925,58926,58928],{},[15,58927,57614],{}," returns a number, not a boolean.",[85,58930,58932],{"className":87,"code":58931,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.count(2))  # 2\n",[15,58933,58934,58958],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,58935,58936,58938,58940,58942,58944,58946,58948,58950,58952,58954,58956],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,58937,101],{"class":100},[94,58939,105],{"class":104},[94,58941,109],{"class":108},[94,58943,412],{"class":112},[94,58945,116],{"class":108},[94,58947,124],{"class":112},[94,58949,116],{"class":108},[94,58951,124],{"class":112},[94,58953,116],{"class":108},[94,58955,421],{"class":112},[94,58957,127],{"class":108},[94,58959,58960,58962,58964,58966,58968,58970,58972,58974,58976],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,58961,326],{"class":145},[94,58963,149],{"class":108},[94,58965,153],{"class":152},[94,58967,168],{"class":108},[94,58969,41590],{"class":152},[94,58971,149],{"class":108},[94,58973,763],{"class":112},[94,58975,5693],{"class":108},[94,58977,51744],{"class":159},[24,58979,58980],{},"If you want a true\u002Ffalse answer, use:",[85,58982,58984],{"className":87,"code":58983,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(2 in numbers)  # True\n",[15,58985,58986],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,58987,58988,58990,58992,58994,58996,58998,59000],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,58989,326],{"class":145},[94,58991,149],{"class":108},[94,58993,763],{"class":112},[94,58995,21505],{"class":4221},[94,58997,343],{"class":152},[94,58999,156],{"class":108},[94,59001,4010],{"class":159},[265,59003,59005],{"id":59004},"forgetting-that-string-matching-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that string matching is case-sensitive",[85,59007,59009],{"className":87,"code":59008,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"names = [\"Sam\", \"sam\", \"SAM\"]\nprint(names.count(\"sam\"))  # 1\n",[15,59010,59011,59044],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,59012,59013,59015,59017,59019,59021,59023,59025,59027,59029,59031,59033,59035,59037,59040,59042],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,59014,1024],{"class":100},[94,59016,105],{"class":104},[94,59018,109],{"class":108},[94,59020,332],{"class":331},[94,59022,8010],{"class":335},[94,59024,332],{"class":331},[94,59026,116],{"class":108},[94,59028,1040],{"class":331},[94,59030,20549],{"class":335},[94,59032,332],{"class":331},[94,59034,116],{"class":108},[94,59036,1040],{"class":331},[94,59038,59039],{"class":335},"SAM",[94,59041,332],{"class":331},[94,59043,127],{"class":108},[94,59045,59046,59048,59050,59052,59054,59056,59058,59060,59062,59064,59066],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,59047,326],{"class":145},[94,59049,149],{"class":108},[94,59051,1065],{"class":152},[94,59053,168],{"class":108},[94,59055,41590],{"class":152},[94,59057,149],{"class":108},[94,59059,332],{"class":331},[94,59061,20549],{"class":335},[94,59063,332],{"class":331},[94,59065,5693],{"class":108},[94,59067,28111],{"class":159},[24,59069,59070,59071,59074],{},"Only the exact string ",[15,59072,59073],{},"\"sam\""," matches.",[265,59076,29980,59078,33880],{"id":59077},"calling-count-on-the-wrong-type",[15,59079,57614],{},[24,59081,59082],{},"If you are not sure what your variable contains, inspect it first:",[85,59084,59086],{"className":87,"code":59085,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(value in my_list)\nfor item in my_list:\n    print(repr(item))\n",[15,59087,59088,59098,59112,59130,59144,59156],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,59089,59090,59092,59094,59096],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,59091,326],{"class":145},[94,59093,149],{"class":108},[94,59095,594],{"class":152},[94,59097,316],{"class":108},[94,59099,59100,59102,59104,59106,59108,59110],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,59101,326],{"class":145},[94,59103,149],{"class":108},[94,59105,914],{"class":913},[94,59107,149],{"class":108},[94,59109,594],{"class":152},[94,59111,921],{"class":108},[94,59113,59114,59116,59118,59120,59122,59124,59126,59128],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,59115,326],{"class":145},[94,59117,149],{"class":108},[94,59119,594],{"class":152},[94,59121,168],{"class":108},[94,59123,41590],{"class":152},[94,59125,149],{"class":108},[94,59127,2829],{"class":152},[94,59129,921],{"class":108},[94,59131,59132,59134,59136,59138,59140,59142],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,59133,326],{"class":145},[94,59135,149],{"class":108},[94,59137,2804],{"class":152},[94,59139,4228],{"class":4221},[94,59141,2043],{"class":152},[94,59143,316],{"class":108},[94,59145,59146,59148,59150,59152,59154],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,59147,6289],{"class":4221},[94,59149,6292],{"class":100},[94,59151,4228],{"class":4221},[94,59153,2043],{"class":100},[94,59155,6726],{"class":108},[94,59157,59158,59160,59162,59164,59166,59168],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,59159,8404],{"class":145},[94,59161,149],{"class":108},[94,59163,42110],{"class":145},[94,59165,149],{"class":108},[94,59167,23642],{"class":152},[94,59169,921],{"class":108},[24,59171,59172],{},"These checks can help you see:",[28,59174,59175,59178,59181],{},[31,59176,59177],{},"whether the variable is really a list",[31,59179,59180],{},"whether the values are exactly what you expect",[31,59182,59183],{},"whether spacing, capitalization, or data type differences are causing problems",[24,59185,59186],{},"Common causes of confusion include:",[28,59188,59189,59194,59197,59204],{},[31,59190,50823,59191,59193],{},[15,59192,57614],{}," when the data is a string, not a list",[31,59195,59196],{},"expecting substring behavior instead of exact list-item matching",[31,59198,11435,59199,59201,59202],{},[15,59200,57619],{}," with string ",[15,59203,57614],{},[31,59205,59206],{},"being surprised that booleans and integers can compare as equal",[80,59208,2160],{"id":2159},[265,59210,13029,59212,59214],{"id":59211},"does-listcount-change-the-list",[15,59213,57619],{}," change the list?",[24,59216,59217],{},"No. It only returns how many times a value appears.",[265,59219,59221],{"id":59220},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-list","What happens if the value is not in the list?",[24,59223,12238,59224,168],{},[15,59225,2476],{},[265,59227,2191,59229,59231],{"id":59228},"can-listcount-count-multiple-different-values-at-once",[15,59230,57619],{}," count multiple different values at once?",[24,59233,59234],{},"No. It counts one value per call.",[265,59236,15230,59238,59240],{"id":59237},"is-listcount-case-sensitive-for-strings",[15,59239,57619],{}," case-sensitive for strings?",[24,59242,42483,59243,1139,59245,59247],{},[15,59244,58160],{},[15,59246,58157],{}," are different values.",[265,59249,2179,59251,59253,59254,2170],{"id":59250},"why-does-true-sometimes-count-like-1",[15,59252,1225],{}," sometimes count like ",[15,59255,412],{},[24,59257,9118,59258,59260,59261,1139,59263,59260,59265,168],{},[15,59259,1225],{}," compares equal to ",[15,59262,412],{},[15,59264,4020],{},[15,59266,2476],{},[80,59268,2232],{"id":2231},[28,59270,59271,59275,59281,59285,59293,59300],{},[31,59272,59273],{},[434,59274,986],{"href":985},[31,59276,59277],{},[434,59278,59280],{"href":59279},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to find an item in a list in Python",[31,59282,59283],{},[434,59284,7268],{"href":6529},[31,59286,59287],{},[434,59288,55847,59290,567],{"href":59289},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method\u002F",[15,59291,59292],{},"index()",[31,59294,59295],{},[434,59296,13,59298],{"href":59297},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len",[15,59299,42691],{},[31,59301,59302],{},[434,59303,59304],{"href":58818},"What is a list in Python",[2260,59306,59307],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":90,"searchDepth":130,"depth":130,"links":59309},[59310,59311,59313,59314,59315,59321,59327,59329,59337,59348],{"id":82,"depth":130,"text":83},{"id":57711,"depth":130,"text":59312},"What list.count() does",{"id":2513,"depth":130,"text":2514},{"id":38349,"depth":130,"text":38350},{"id":58033,"depth":130,"text":58034,"children":59316},[59317,59318,59320],{"id":58065,"depth":137,"text":58066},{"id":58164,"depth":137,"text":59319},"1 and True can match",{"id":58263,"depth":137,"text":58264},{"id":58341,"depth":130,"text":58342,"children":59322},[59323,59324,59325,59326],{"id":58345,"depth":137,"text":58346},{"id":58424,"depth":137,"text":58425},{"id":58521,"depth":137,"text":58522},{"id":58596,"depth":137,"text":58597},{"id":58697,"depth":130,"text":59328},"When to use count()",{"id":3185,"depth":130,"text":3186,"children":59330},[59331,59332,59334,59335],{"id":58828,"depth":137,"text":58829},{"id":58917,"depth":137,"text":59333},"Expecting count() to return True or False",{"id":59004,"depth":137,"text":59005},{"id":59077,"depth":137,"text":59336},"Calling count() on the wrong type",{"id":2159,"depth":130,"text":2160,"children":59338},[59339,59341,59342,59344,59346],{"id":59211,"depth":137,"text":59340},"Does list.count() change the list?",{"id":59220,"depth":137,"text":59221},{"id":59228,"depth":137,"text":59343},"Can list.count() count multiple different values at once?",{"id":59237,"depth":137,"text":59345},"Is list.count() case-sensitive for strings?",{"id":59250,"depth":137,"text":59347},"Why does True sometimes count like 1?",{"id":2231,"depth":130,"text":2232},"Master python list count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method",{"title":57606,"description":59349},"reference\u002Fpython-list-count-method","OaDs4b1B53uOAHV8umIolgeKHFj-NyORlCwOR-o8JYw",{"id":59356,"title":59357,"body":59358,"description":61321,"extension":2319,"meta":61322,"navigation":133,"path":61323,"seo":61324,"stem":61325,"__hash__":61326},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list.md","Python List: Creating a List",{"type":7,"value":59359,"toc":61284},[59360,59363,59366,59368,59496,59500,59581,59592,59594,59613,59617,59620,59623,59641,59643,59686,59690,59715,59724,59728,59733,59736,59853,59857,59926,59930,59942,59946,59949,59990,59994,60007,60010,60095,60099,60132,60139,60145,60150,60152,60164,60168,60201,60205,60237,60241,60278,60282,60302,60306,60340,60344,60373,60384,60388,60391,60394,60407,60464,60468,60507,60513,60516,60518,60521,60525,60528,60553,60555,60580,60587,60590,60635,60639,60658,60661,60700,60707,60712,60746,60750,60851,60858,60891,60895,60921,60925,60928,60966,60969,61006,61010,61013,61032,61036,61097,61099,61117,61121,61124,61127,61156,61158,61162,61165,61173,61177,61180,61200,61206,61212,61216,61219,61226,61234,61236,61275,61281],[10,59361,59357],{"id":59362},"python-list-creating-a-list",[24,59364,59365],{},"A Python list is one of the most common data structures you will use. This page shows the main ways to create a list, what list syntax looks like, and when each approach is useful.",[80,59367,83],{"id":82},[85,59369,59371],{"className":87,"code":59370,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nempty_list = []\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(empty_list)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,59372,59373,59393,59425,59433,59451,59455,59465,59475,59486],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,59374,59375,59377,59379,59381,59383,59385,59387,59389,59391],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,59376,101],{"class":100},[94,59378,105],{"class":104},[94,59380,109],{"class":108},[94,59382,412],{"class":112},[94,59384,116],{"class":108},[94,59386,124],{"class":112},[94,59388,116],{"class":108},[94,59390,421],{"class":112},[94,59392,127],{"class":108},[94,59394,59395,59397,59399,59401,59403,59405,59407,59409,59411,59413,59415,59417,59419,59421,59423],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,59396,1024],{"class":100},[94,59398,105],{"class":104},[94,59400,109],{"class":108},[94,59402,332],{"class":331},[94,59404,13206],{"class":335},[94,59406,332],{"class":331},[94,59408,116],{"class":108},[94,59410,1040],{"class":331},[94,59412,36268],{"class":335},[94,59414,332],{"class":331},[94,59416,116],{"class":108},[94,59418,1040],{"class":331},[94,59420,36277],{"class":335},[94,59422,332],{"class":331},[94,59424,127],{"class":108},[94,59426,59427,59429,59431],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,59428,56255],{"class":100},[94,59430,105],{"class":104},[94,59432,8173],{"class":108},[94,59434,59435,59437,59439,59441,59443,59445,59447,59449],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,59436,36418],{"class":100},[94,59438,105],{"class":104},[94,59440,22891],{"class":913},[94,59442,149],{"class":108},[94,59444,332],{"class":331},[94,59446,41891],{"class":335},[94,59448,332],{"class":331},[94,59450,316],{"class":108},[94,59452,59453],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,59454,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,59456,59457,59459,59461,59463],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,59458,326],{"class":145},[94,59460,149],{"class":108},[94,59462,153],{"class":152},[94,59464,316],{"class":108},[94,59466,59467,59469,59471,59473],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,59468,326],{"class":145},[94,59470,149],{"class":108},[94,59472,1065],{"class":152},[94,59474,316],{"class":108},[94,59476,59477,59479,59481,59484],{"class":96,"line":702},[94,59478,326],{"class":145},[94,59480,149],{"class":108},[94,59482,59483],{"class":152},"empty_list",[94,59485,316],{"class":108},[94,59487,59488,59490,59492,59494],{"class":96,"line":6763},[94,59489,326],{"class":145},[94,59491,149],{"class":108},[94,59493,36471],{"class":152},[94,59495,316],{"class":108},[24,59497,59498],{},[43,59499,371],{},[85,59501,59503],{"className":87,"code":59502,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,59504,59505,59521,59549,59553],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,59506,59507,59509,59511,59513,59515,59517,59519],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,59508,539],{"class":108},[94,59510,412],{"class":112},[94,59512,116],{"class":108},[94,59514,124],{"class":112},[94,59516,116],{"class":108},[94,59518,421],{"class":112},[94,59520,127],{"class":108},[94,59522,59523,59525,59527,59529,59531,59533,59535,59537,59539,59541,59543,59545,59547],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,59524,539],{"class":108},[94,59526,968],{"class":331},[94,59528,13206],{"class":335},[94,59530,968],{"class":331},[94,59532,116],{"class":108},[94,59534,962],{"class":331},[94,59536,36268],{"class":335},[94,59538,968],{"class":331},[94,59540,116],{"class":108},[94,59542,962],{"class":331},[94,59544,36277],{"class":335},[94,59546,968],{"class":331},[94,59548,127],{"class":108},[94,59550,59551],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,59552,38627],{"class":108},[94,59554,59555,59557,59559,59561,59563,59565,59567,59569,59571,59573,59575,59577,59579],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,59556,539],{"class":108},[94,59558,968],{"class":331},[94,59560,434],{"class":335},[94,59562,968],{"class":331},[94,59564,116],{"class":108},[94,59566,962],{"class":331},[94,59568,1937],{"class":335},[94,59570,968],{"class":331},[94,59572,116],{"class":108},[94,59574,962],{"class":331},[94,59576,1946],{"class":335},[94,59578,968],{"class":331},[94,59580,127],{"class":108},[24,59582,59583,59584,59586,59587,59589,59590,168],{},"Use square brackets ",[15,59585,4131],{}," for most lists. Use ",[15,59588,25112],{}," when converting another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,59591,36526],{},[80,59593,15490],{"id":15489},[28,59595,59596,59599,59602,59605,59610],{},[31,59597,59598],{},"What a list is in Python",[31,59600,59601],{},"How to create a list with square brackets",[31,59603,59604],{},"How to create an empty list",[31,59606,59607,59608,2660],{},"How to create a list with the ",[15,59609,25112],{},[31,59611,59612],{},"What kinds of values a list can store",[80,59614,59616],{"id":59615},"what-a-python-list-is","What a Python list is",[24,59618,59619],{},"A list is an ordered collection of items.",[24,59621,59622],{},"This means:",[28,59624,59625,59628,59631,59634],{},[31,59626,59627],{},"A list can contain one item or many items",[31,59629,59630],{},"The order of items is kept",[31,59632,59633],{},"A list can hold different data types",[31,59635,59636,59637,59640],{},"A list is ",[43,59638,59639],{},"mutable",", which means you can change it after creating it",[24,59642,2566],{},[85,59644,59646],{"className":87,"code":59645,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"items = [\"apple\", 10, True]\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,59647,59648,59672,59676],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,59649,59650,59652,59654,59656,59658,59660,59662,59664,59666,59668,59670],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,59651,8113],{"class":100},[94,59653,105],{"class":104},[94,59655,109],{"class":108},[94,59657,332],{"class":331},[94,59659,1332],{"class":335},[94,59661,332],{"class":331},[94,59663,116],{"class":108},[94,59665,6336],{"class":112},[94,59667,116],{"class":108},[94,59669,4261],{"class":1224},[94,59671,127],{"class":108},[94,59673,59674],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,59675,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,59677,59678,59680,59682,59684],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,59679,326],{"class":145},[94,59681,149],{"class":108},[94,59683,8144],{"class":152},[94,59685,316],{"class":108},[24,59687,59688],{},[43,59689,371],{},[85,59691,59693],{"className":87,"code":59692,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"['apple', 10, True]\n",[15,59694,59695],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,59696,59697,59699,59701,59703,59705,59707,59709,59711,59713],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,59698,539],{"class":108},[94,59700,968],{"class":331},[94,59702,1332],{"class":335},[94,59704,968],{"class":331},[94,59706,116],{"class":108},[94,59708,6336],{"class":112},[94,59710,116],{"class":108},[94,59712,4261],{"class":1224},[94,59714,127],{"class":108},[24,59716,59717,59718,2167,59721,168],{},"If you want a broader introduction, see ",[434,59719,59720],{"href":985},"Python Lists Explained for Beginners",[434,59722,59723],{"href":58818},"What is a List in Python?",[80,59725,59727],{"id":59726},"create-a-list-with-square-brackets","Create a list with square brackets",[24,59729,59583,59730,59732],{},[15,59731,4131],{}," to create a list. Put items inside the brackets and separate them with commas.",[24,59734,59735],{},"This is the most common way to create a list.",[85,59737,59739],{"className":87,"code":59738,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nmixed = [10, \"hello\", False]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,59740,59741,59761,59793,59818,59822,59832,59842],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,59742,59743,59745,59747,59749,59751,59753,59755,59757,59759],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,59744,101],{"class":100},[94,59746,105],{"class":104},[94,59748,109],{"class":108},[94,59750,412],{"class":112},[94,59752,116],{"class":108},[94,59754,124],{"class":112},[94,59756,116],{"class":108},[94,59758,421],{"class":112},[94,59760,127],{"class":108},[94,59762,59763,59765,59767,59769,59771,59773,59775,59777,59779,59781,59783,59785,59787,59789,59791],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,59764,1024],{"class":100},[94,59766,105],{"class":104},[94,59768,109],{"class":108},[94,59770,332],{"class":331},[94,59772,13206],{"class":335},[94,59774,332],{"class":331},[94,59776,116],{"class":108},[94,59778,1040],{"class":331},[94,59780,36268],{"class":335},[94,59782,332],{"class":331},[94,59784,116],{"class":108},[94,59786,1040],{"class":331},[94,59788,36277],{"class":335},[94,59790,332],{"class":331},[94,59792,127],{"class":108},[94,59794,59795,59798,59800,59802,59804,59806,59808,59810,59812,59814,59816],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,59796,59797],{"class":100},"mixed ",[94,59799,105],{"class":104},[94,59801,109],{"class":108},[94,59803,2688],{"class":112},[94,59805,116],{"class":108},[94,59807,1040],{"class":331},[94,59809,4190],{"class":335},[94,59811,332],{"class":331},[94,59813,116],{"class":108},[94,59815,4252],{"class":1224},[94,59817,127],{"class":108},[94,59819,59820],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,59821,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,59823,59824,59826,59828,59830],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,59825,326],{"class":145},[94,59827,149],{"class":108},[94,59829,153],{"class":152},[94,59831,316],{"class":108},[94,59833,59834,59836,59838,59840],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,59835,326],{"class":145},[94,59837,149],{"class":108},[94,59839,1065],{"class":152},[94,59841,316],{"class":108},[94,59843,59844,59846,59848,59851],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,59845,326],{"class":145},[94,59847,149],{"class":108},[94,59849,59850],{"class":152},"mixed",[94,59852,316],{"class":108},[24,59854,59855],{},[43,59856,371],{},[85,59858,59860],{"className":87,"code":59859,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[10, 'hello', False]\n",[15,59861,59862,59878,59906],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,59863,59864,59866,59868,59870,59872,59874,59876],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,59865,539],{"class":108},[94,59867,412],{"class":112},[94,59869,116],{"class":108},[94,59871,124],{"class":112},[94,59873,116],{"class":108},[94,59875,421],{"class":112},[94,59877,127],{"class":108},[94,59879,59880,59882,59884,59886,59888,59890,59892,59894,59896,59898,59900,59902,59904],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,59881,539],{"class":108},[94,59883,968],{"class":331},[94,59885,13206],{"class":335},[94,59887,968],{"class":331},[94,59889,116],{"class":108},[94,59891,962],{"class":331},[94,59893,36268],{"class":335},[94,59895,968],{"class":331},[94,59897,116],{"class":108},[94,59899,962],{"class":331},[94,59901,36277],{"class":335},[94,59903,968],{"class":331},[94,59905,127],{"class":108},[94,59907,59908,59910,59912,59914,59916,59918,59920,59922,59924],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,59909,539],{"class":108},[94,59911,2688],{"class":112},[94,59913,116],{"class":108},[94,59915,962],{"class":331},[94,59917,4190],{"class":335},[94,59919,968],{"class":331},[94,59921,116],{"class":108},[94,59923,4252],{"class":1224},[94,59925,127],{"class":108},[265,59927,59929],{"id":59928},"key-points","Key points",[28,59931,59932,59937,59939],{},[31,59933,54,59934,59936],{},[15,59935,4131],{}," to make a new list",[31,59938,15760],{},[31,59940,59941],{},"Works with numbers, strings, booleans, and mixed values",[80,59943,59945],{"id":59944},"create-an-empty-list","Create an empty list",[24,59947,59948],{},"Use empty square brackets when you want a blank list.",[85,59950,59952],{"className":87,"code":59951,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"my_list = []\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\n",[15,59953,59954,59962,59966,59976],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,59955,59956,59958,59960],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,59957,8643],{"class":100},[94,59959,105],{"class":104},[94,59961,8173],{"class":108},[94,59963,59964],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,59965,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,59967,59968,59970,59972,59974],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,59969,326],{"class":145},[94,59971,149],{"class":108},[94,59973,594],{"class":152},[94,59975,316],{"class":108},[94,59977,59978,59980,59982,59984,59986,59988],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,59979,326],{"class":145},[94,59981,149],{"class":108},[94,59983,11490],{"class":145},[94,59985,149],{"class":108},[94,59987,594],{"class":152},[94,59989,921],{"class":108},[24,59991,59992],{},[43,59993,371],{},[85,59995,59997],{"className":87,"code":59996,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"[]\n0\n",[15,59998,59999,60003],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,60000,60001],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,60002,38627],{"class":108},[94,60004,60005],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,60006,47583],{"class":112},[24,60008,60009],{},"An empty list is useful when you want to build a list step by step.",[85,60011,60013],{"className":87,"code":60012,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"names = []\n\nnames.append(\"Ana\")\nnames.append(\"Ben\")\nnames.append(\"Cara\")\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,60014,60015,60023,60027,60045,60063,60081,60085],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,60016,60017,60019,60021],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,60018,1024],{"class":100},[94,60020,105],{"class":104},[94,60022,8173],{"class":108},[94,60024,60025],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,60026,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,60028,60029,60031,60033,60035,60037,60039,60041,60043],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,60030,1065],{"class":100},[94,60032,168],{"class":108},[94,60034,13880],{"class":152},[94,60036,149],{"class":108},[94,60038,332],{"class":331},[94,60040,13206],{"class":335},[94,60042,332],{"class":331},[94,60044,316],{"class":108},[94,60046,60047,60049,60051,60053,60055,60057,60059,60061],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,60048,1065],{"class":100},[94,60050,168],{"class":108},[94,60052,13880],{"class":152},[94,60054,149],{"class":108},[94,60056,332],{"class":331},[94,60058,36268],{"class":335},[94,60060,332],{"class":331},[94,60062,316],{"class":108},[94,60064,60065,60067,60069,60071,60073,60075,60077,60079],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,60066,1065],{"class":100},[94,60068,168],{"class":108},[94,60070,13880],{"class":152},[94,60072,149],{"class":108},[94,60074,332],{"class":331},[94,60076,36277],{"class":335},[94,60078,332],{"class":331},[94,60080,316],{"class":108},[94,60082,60083],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,60084,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,60086,60087,60089,60091,60093],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,60088,326],{"class":145},[94,60090,149],{"class":108},[94,60092,1065],{"class":152},[94,60094,316],{"class":108},[24,60096,60097],{},[43,60098,371],{},[85,60100,60102],{"className":87,"code":60101,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,60103,60104],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,60105,60106,60108,60110,60112,60114,60116,60118,60120,60122,60124,60126,60128,60130],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,60107,539],{"class":108},[94,60109,968],{"class":331},[94,60111,13206],{"class":335},[94,60113,968],{"class":331},[94,60115,116],{"class":108},[94,60117,962],{"class":331},[94,60119,36268],{"class":335},[94,60121,968],{"class":331},[94,60123,116],{"class":108},[94,60125,962],{"class":331},[94,60127,36277],{"class":335},[94,60129,968],{"class":331},[94,60131,127],{"class":108},[24,60133,60134,60135,168],{},"To learn more about adding items, see the ",[434,60136,60137,567],{"href":57093},[15,60138,52982],{},[80,60140,60142,60143],{"id":60141},"create-a-list-with-list","Create a list with ",[15,60144,25112],{},[24,60146,54,60147,60149],{},[15,60148,25112],{}," to convert another iterable into a list.",[24,60151,5789],{},[28,60153,60154,60156,60158,60160],{},[31,60155,257],{},[31,60157,254],{},[31,60159,260],{},[31,60161,60162],{},[15,60163,36526],{},[265,60165,60167],{"id":60166},"example-convert-a-string","Example: convert a string",[85,60169,60171],{"className":87,"code":60170,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"letters = list(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,60172,60173,60191],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,60174,60175,60177,60179,60181,60183,60185,60187,60189],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,60176,36418],{"class":100},[94,60178,105],{"class":104},[94,60180,22891],{"class":913},[94,60182,149],{"class":108},[94,60184,332],{"class":331},[94,60186,41891],{"class":335},[94,60188,332],{"class":331},[94,60190,316],{"class":108},[94,60192,60193,60195,60197,60199],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,60194,326],{"class":145},[94,60196,149],{"class":108},[94,60198,36471],{"class":152},[94,60200,316],{"class":108},[24,60202,60203],{},[43,60204,371],{},[85,60206,60207],{"className":87,"code":43206,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,60208,60209],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,60210,60211,60213,60215,60217,60219,60221,60223,60225,60227,60229,60231,60233,60235],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,60212,539],{"class":108},[94,60214,968],{"class":331},[94,60216,434],{"class":335},[94,60218,968],{"class":331},[94,60220,116],{"class":108},[94,60222,962],{"class":331},[94,60224,1937],{"class":335},[94,60226,968],{"class":331},[94,60228,116],{"class":108},[94,60230,962],{"class":331},[94,60232,1946],{"class":335},[94,60234,968],{"class":331},[94,60236,127],{"class":108},[265,60238,60240],{"id":60239},"example-convert-a-tuple","Example: convert a tuple",[85,60242,60244],{"className":87,"code":60243,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,60245,60246,60268],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,60247,60248,60250,60252,60254,60256,60258,60260,60262,60264,60266],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,60249,101],{"class":100},[94,60251,105],{"class":104},[94,60253,22891],{"class":913},[94,60255,5842],{"class":108},[94,60257,412],{"class":112},[94,60259,116],{"class":108},[94,60261,124],{"class":112},[94,60263,116],{"class":108},[94,60265,421],{"class":112},[94,60267,921],{"class":108},[94,60269,60270,60272,60274,60276],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,60271,326],{"class":145},[94,60273,149],{"class":108},[94,60275,153],{"class":152},[94,60277,316],{"class":108},[24,60279,60280],{},[43,60281,371],{},[85,60283,60284],{"className":87,"code":532,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,60285,60286],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,60287,60288,60290,60292,60294,60296,60298,60300],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,60289,539],{"class":108},[94,60291,412],{"class":112},[94,60293,116],{"class":108},[94,60295,124],{"class":112},[94,60297,116],{"class":108},[94,60299,421],{"class":112},[94,60301,127],{"class":108},[265,60303,60305],{"id":60304},"example-convert-a-range","Example: convert a range",[85,60307,60309],{"className":87,"code":60308,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"values = list(range(5))\nprint(values)\n",[15,60310,60311,60330],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,60312,60313,60315,60317,60319,60321,60324,60326,60328],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,60314,4167],{"class":100},[94,60316,105],{"class":104},[94,60318,22891],{"class":913},[94,60320,149],{"class":108},[94,60322,60323],{"class":145},"range",[94,60325,149],{"class":108},[94,60327,615],{"class":112},[94,60329,921],{"class":108},[94,60331,60332,60334,60336,60338],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,60333,326],{"class":145},[94,60335,149],{"class":108},[94,60337,5690],{"class":152},[94,60339,316],{"class":108},[24,60341,60342],{},[43,60343,371],{},[85,60345,60347],{"className":87,"code":60346,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,60348,60349],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,60350,60351,60353,60355,60357,60359,60361,60363,60365,60367,60369,60371],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,60352,539],{"class":108},[94,60354,2476],{"class":112},[94,60356,116],{"class":108},[94,60358,119],{"class":112},[94,60360,116],{"class":108},[94,60362,124],{"class":112},[94,60364,116],{"class":108},[94,60366,421],{"class":112},[94,60368,116],{"class":108},[94,60370,624],{"class":112},[94,60372,127],{"class":108},[24,60374,60375,60377,60378,168],{},[15,60376,25112],{}," is useful when you already have another iterable and want a list version of it. For more detail, see ",[434,60379,60381,60383],{"href":60380},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained\u002F",[15,60382,25112],{},": Function Explained",[80,60385,60387],{"id":60386},"lists-can-store-many-kinds-of-values","Lists can store many kinds of values",[24,60389,60390],{},"A list can store many types of data.",[24,60392,60393],{},"Examples include:",[28,60395,60396,60398,60400,60402,60404],{},[31,60397,257],{},[31,60399,40754],{},[31,60401,52375],{},[31,60403,40924],{},[31,60405,60406],{},"other lists",[85,60408,60410],{"className":87,"code":60409,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"data = [\"Ana\", 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,60411,60412,60450,60454],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,60413,60414,60416,60418,60420,60422,60424,60426,60428,60430,60432,60434,60436,60438,60440,60442,60444,60446,60448],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,60415,9499],{"class":100},[94,60417,105],{"class":104},[94,60419,109],{"class":108},[94,60421,332],{"class":331},[94,60423,13206],{"class":335},[94,60425,332],{"class":331},[94,60427,116],{"class":108},[94,60429,9638],{"class":112},[94,60431,116],{"class":108},[94,60433,4261],{"class":1224},[94,60435,116],{"class":108},[94,60437,109],{"class":108},[94,60439,412],{"class":112},[94,60441,116],{"class":108},[94,60443,124],{"class":112},[94,60445,116],{"class":108},[94,60447,421],{"class":112},[94,60449,53571],{"class":108},[94,60451,60452],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,60453,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,60455,60456,60458,60460,60462],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,60457,326],{"class":145},[94,60459,149],{"class":108},[94,60461,9537],{"class":152},[94,60463,316],{"class":108},[24,60465,60466],{},[43,60467,371],{},[85,60469,60471],{"className":87,"code":60470,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"['Ana', 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,60472,60473],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,60474,60475,60477,60479,60481,60483,60485,60487,60489,60491,60493,60495,60497,60499,60501,60503,60505],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,60476,539],{"class":108},[94,60478,968],{"class":331},[94,60480,13206],{"class":335},[94,60482,968],{"class":331},[94,60484,116],{"class":108},[94,60486,9638],{"class":112},[94,60488,116],{"class":108},[94,60490,4261],{"class":1224},[94,60492,116],{"class":108},[94,60494,109],{"class":108},[94,60496,412],{"class":112},[94,60498,116],{"class":108},[94,60500,124],{"class":112},[94,60502,116],{"class":108},[94,60504,421],{"class":112},[94,60506,53571],{"class":108},[24,60508,60509,60510,168],{},"The last item in this example is another list. This is called a ",[43,60511,60512],{},"nested list",[24,60514,60515],{},"Python allows mixed types in one list, but beginners should usually keep list data consistent when possible. That makes code easier to read and work with.",[80,60517,4862],{"id":4861},[24,60519,60520],{},"Here are some common problems when creating lists.",[265,60522,60524],{"id":60523},"forgetting-commas-between-items","Forgetting commas between items",[24,60526,60527],{},"This causes a syntax error.",[85,60529,60531],{"className":87,"code":60530,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"# Wrong\nnumbers = [1 2 3]\n",[15,60532,60533,60537],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,60534,60535],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,60536,4879],{"class":159},[94,60538,60539,60541,60543,60545,60547,60549,60551],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,60540,101],{"class":100},[94,60542,105],{"class":104},[94,60544,109],{"class":108},[94,60546,412],{"class":112},[94,60548,124],{"class":112},[94,60550,421],{"class":112},[94,60552,127],{"class":108},[24,60554,1727],{},[85,60556,60558],{"className":87,"code":60557,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,60559,60560],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,60561,60562,60564,60566,60568,60570,60572,60574,60576,60578],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,60563,101],{"class":100},[94,60565,105],{"class":104},[94,60567,109],{"class":108},[94,60569,412],{"class":112},[94,60571,116],{"class":108},[94,60573,124],{"class":112},[94,60575,116],{"class":108},[94,60577,421],{"class":112},[94,60579,127],{"class":108},[265,60581,1484,60583,11420,60585],{"id":60582},"using-instead-of",[15,60584,174],{},[15,60586,4131],{},[24,60588,60589],{},"Parentheses usually create a tuple, not a list.",[85,60591,60593],{"className":87,"code":60592,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"my_values = (1, 2, 3)\n\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,60594,60595,60616,60620],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,60596,60597,60600,60602,60604,60606,60608,60610,60612,60614],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,60598,60599],{"class":100},"my_values ",[94,60601,105],{"class":104},[94,60603,854],{"class":108},[94,60605,412],{"class":112},[94,60607,116],{"class":108},[94,60609,124],{"class":112},[94,60611,116],{"class":108},[94,60613,421],{"class":112},[94,60615,316],{"class":108},[94,60617,60618],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,60619,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,60621,60622,60624,60626,60628,60630,60633],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,60623,326],{"class":145},[94,60625,149],{"class":108},[94,60627,914],{"class":913},[94,60629,149],{"class":108},[94,60631,60632],{"class":152},"my_values",[94,60634,921],{"class":108},[24,60636,60637],{},[43,60638,371],{},[85,60640,60642],{"className":87,"code":60641,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,60643,60644],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,60645,60646,60648,60650,60652,60654,60656],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,60647,955],{"class":104},[94,60649,959],{"class":958},[94,60651,962],{"class":331},[94,60653,49284],{"class":335},[94,60655,968],{"class":331},[94,60657,971],{"class":104},[24,60659,60660],{},"If you want a list, use square brackets:",[85,60662,60664],{"className":87,"code":60663,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"my_values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,60665,60666,60686],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,60667,60668,60670,60672,60674,60676,60678,60680,60682,60684],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,60669,60599],{"class":100},[94,60671,105],{"class":104},[94,60673,109],{"class":108},[94,60675,412],{"class":112},[94,60677,116],{"class":108},[94,60679,124],{"class":112},[94,60681,116],{"class":108},[94,60683,421],{"class":112},[94,60685,127],{"class":108},[94,60687,60688,60690,60692,60694,60696,60698],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,60689,326],{"class":145},[94,60691,149],{"class":108},[94,60693,914],{"class":913},[94,60695,149],{"class":108},[94,60697,60632],{"class":152},[94,60699,921],{"class":108},[265,60701,8786,60703,60706],{"id":60702},"expecting-listhello-world-to-create-a-list-of-words",[15,60704,60705],{},"list(\"hello world\")"," to create a list of words",[24,60708,60709,60711],{},[15,60710,25112],{}," splits a string into individual characters, not words.",[85,60713,60715],{"className":87,"code":60714,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"result = list(\"hello world\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,60716,60717,60736],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,60718,60719,60721,60723,60725,60727,60729,60732,60734],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,60720,305],{"class":100},[94,60722,105],{"class":104},[94,60724,22891],{"class":913},[94,60726,149],{"class":108},[94,60728,332],{"class":331},[94,60730,60731],{"class":335},"hello world",[94,60733,332],{"class":331},[94,60735,316],{"class":108},[94,60737,60738,60740,60742,60744],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,60739,326],{"class":145},[94,60741,149],{"class":108},[94,60743,902],{"class":152},[94,60745,316],{"class":108},[24,60747,60748],{},[43,60749,371],{},[85,60751,60753],{"className":87,"code":60752,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,60754,60755],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,60756,60757,60759,60761,60764,60766,60768,60770,60773,60775,60777,60779,60782,60784,60786,60788,60790,60792,60794,60796,60799,60801,60803,60805,60807,60809,60811,60814,60816,60818,60820,60822,60824,60826,60828,60831,60833,60835,60837,60839,60841,60843,60845,60847,60849],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,60758,539],{"class":108},[94,60760,968],{"class":331},[94,60762,60763],{"class":335},"h",[94,60765,968],{"class":331},[94,60767,116],{"class":108},[94,60769,962],{"class":331},[94,60771,60772],{"class":335},"e",[94,60774,968],{"class":331},[94,60776,116],{"class":108},[94,60778,962],{"class":331},[94,60780,60781],{"class":335},"l",[94,60783,968],{"class":331},[94,60785,116],{"class":108},[94,60787,962],{"class":331},[94,60789,60781],{"class":335},[94,60791,968],{"class":331},[94,60793,116],{"class":108},[94,60795,962],{"class":331},[94,60797,60798],{"class":335},"o",[94,60800,968],{"class":331},[94,60802,116],{"class":108},[94,60804,962],{"class":331},[94,60806,962],{"class":331},[94,60808,116],{"class":108},[94,60810,962],{"class":331},[94,60812,60813],{"class":335},"w",[94,60815,968],{"class":331},[94,60817,116],{"class":108},[94,60819,962],{"class":331},[94,60821,60798],{"class":335},[94,60823,968],{"class":331},[94,60825,116],{"class":108},[94,60827,962],{"class":331},[94,60829,60830],{"class":335},"r",[94,60832,968],{"class":331},[94,60834,116],{"class":108},[94,60836,962],{"class":331},[94,60838,60781],{"class":335},[94,60840,968],{"class":331},[94,60842,116],{"class":108},[94,60844,962],{"class":331},[94,60846,19098],{"class":335},[94,60848,968],{"class":331},[94,60850,127],{"class":108},[24,60852,60853,60854,60857],{},"If you want words, use ",[15,60855,60856],{},"split()"," instead:",[85,60859,60861],{"className":87,"code":60860,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"words = \"hello world\".split()\nprint(words)\n",[15,60862,60863,60881],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,60864,60865,60867,60869,60871,60873,60875,60877,60879],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,60866,1314],{"class":100},[94,60868,105],{"class":104},[94,60870,1040],{"class":331},[94,60872,60731],{"class":335},[94,60874,332],{"class":331},[94,60876,168],{"class":108},[94,60878,34800],{"class":152},[94,60880,511],{"class":108},[94,60882,60883,60885,60887,60889],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,60884,326],{"class":145},[94,60886,149],{"class":108},[94,60888,1362],{"class":152},[94,60890,316],{"class":108},[24,60892,60893],{},[43,60894,371],{},[85,60896,60898],{"className":87,"code":60897,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"['hello', 'world']\n",[15,60899,60900],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,60901,60902,60904,60906,60908,60910,60912,60914,60917,60919],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,60903,539],{"class":108},[94,60905,968],{"class":331},[94,60907,4190],{"class":335},[94,60909,968],{"class":331},[94,60911,116],{"class":108},[94,60913,962],{"class":331},[94,60915,60916],{"class":335},"world",[94,60918,968],{"class":331},[94,60920,127],{"class":108},[265,60922,60924],{"id":60923},"adding-mismatched-brackets-or-quotes","Adding mismatched brackets or quotes",[24,60926,60927],{},"This causes syntax errors.",[85,60929,60931],{"className":87,"code":60930,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"# Wrong\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben', \"Cara\"]\n",[15,60932,60933,60937],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,60934,60935],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,60936,4879],{"class":159},[94,60938,60939,60941,60943,60945,60947,60949,60951,60953,60955,60958,60960,60962,60964],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,60940,1024],{"class":100},[94,60942,105],{"class":104},[94,60944,109],{"class":108},[94,60946,332],{"class":331},[94,60948,13206],{"class":335},[94,60950,332],{"class":331},[94,60952,116],{"class":108},[94,60954,1040],{"class":331},[94,60956,60957],{"class":335},"Ben', ",[94,60959,332],{"class":331},[94,60961,36277],{"class":100},[94,60963,332],{"class":331},[94,60965,127],{"class":335},[24,60967,60968],{},"Make sure your quotes and brackets match correctly:",[85,60970,60972],{"className":87,"code":60971,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n",[15,60973,60974],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,60975,60976,60978,60980,60982,60984,60986,60988,60990,60992,60994,60996,60998,61000,61002,61004],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,60977,1024],{"class":100},[94,60979,105],{"class":104},[94,60981,109],{"class":108},[94,60983,332],{"class":331},[94,60985,13206],{"class":335},[94,60987,332],{"class":331},[94,60989,116],{"class":108},[94,60991,1040],{"class":331},[94,60993,36268],{"class":335},[94,60995,332],{"class":331},[94,60997,116],{"class":108},[94,60999,1040],{"class":331},[94,61001,36277],{"class":335},[94,61003,332],{"class":331},[94,61005,127],{"class":108},[265,61007,61009],{"id":61008},"common-causes-to-check","Common causes to check",[24,61011,61012],{},"If your list code is not working, check for these issues:",[28,61014,61015,61018,61021,61026],{},[31,61016,61017],{},"Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[31,61019,61020],{},"Leaving out commas between list items",[31,61022,61023,61024],{},"Passing a non-iterable value to ",[15,61025,25112],{},[31,61027,8786,61028,61031],{},[15,61029,61030],{},"list(\"abc\")"," to return one string item instead of separate characters",[265,61033,61035],{"id":61034},"useful-debugging-checks","Useful debugging checks",[85,61037,61039],{"className":87,"code":61038,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(list(range(5)))\n",[15,61040,61041,61051,61065,61079],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,61042,61043,61045,61047,61049],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,61044,326],{"class":145},[94,61046,149],{"class":108},[94,61048,594],{"class":152},[94,61050,316],{"class":108},[94,61052,61053,61055,61057,61059,61061,61063],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,61054,326],{"class":145},[94,61056,149],{"class":108},[94,61058,914],{"class":913},[94,61060,149],{"class":108},[94,61062,594],{"class":152},[94,61064,921],{"class":108},[94,61066,61067,61069,61071,61073,61075,61077],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,61068,326],{"class":145},[94,61070,149],{"class":108},[94,61072,11490],{"class":145},[94,61074,149],{"class":108},[94,61076,594],{"class":152},[94,61078,921],{"class":108},[94,61080,61081,61083,61085,61087,61089,61091,61093,61095],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,61082,326],{"class":145},[94,61084,149],{"class":108},[94,61086,965],{"class":913},[94,61088,149],{"class":108},[94,61090,60323],{"class":145},[94,61092,149],{"class":108},[94,61094,615],{"class":112},[94,61096,3268],{"class":108},[24,61098,26340],{},[28,61100,61101,61104,61107,61110],{},[31,61102,61103],{},"what the list contains",[31,61105,61106],{},"whether the value is really a list",[31,61108,61109],{},"how many items it has",[31,61111,2111,61112,61114,61115],{},[15,61113,25112],{}," does with ",[15,61116,36526],{},[80,61118,61120],{"id":61119},"when-to-use-this-page-vs-related-pages","When to use this page vs related pages",[24,61122,61123],{},"Use this page when you want to learn how to create a list.",[24,61125,61126],{},"Use related pages for the next step:",[28,61128,61129,61144,61149],{},[31,61130,54,61131,2547,61135,17401,61139,61143],{},[434,61132,61133],{"href":57093},[15,61134,52982],{},[434,61136,61137],{"href":53673},[15,61138,53775],{},[434,61140,61141],{"href":54236},[15,61142,54596],{}," to add items later",[31,61145,54,61146,61148],{},[434,61147,59720],{"href":985}," for a broader introduction",[31,61150,54,61151,61155],{},[434,61152,61153,60383],{"href":60380},[15,61154,25112],{}," for more detail about converting values into lists",[80,61157,2160],{"id":2159},[265,61159,61161],{"id":61160},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-list-in-python","How do I create an empty list in Python?",[24,61163,61164],{},"Use empty square brackets:",[85,61166,61167],{"className":87,"code":38627,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,61168,61169],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,61170,61171],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,61172,38627],{"class":108},[265,61174,61176],{"id":61175},"what-is-the-most-common-way-to-create-a-list","What is the most common way to create a list?",[24,61178,61179],{},"Use square brackets with comma-separated items, such as:",[85,61181,61182],{"className":87,"code":532,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,61183,61184],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,61185,61186,61188,61190,61192,61194,61196,61198],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,61187,539],{"class":108},[94,61189,412],{"class":112},[94,61191,116],{"class":108},[94,61193,124],{"class":112},[94,61195,116],{"class":108},[94,61197,421],{"class":112},[94,61199,127],{"class":108},[265,61201,5479,61203,61205],{"id":61202},"what-does-list-do-in-python",[15,61204,25112],{}," do in Python?",[24,61207,61208,61209,61211],{},"It converts another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,61210,36526],{},", into a list.",[265,61213,61215],{"id":61214},"can-a-python-list-store-different-data-types","Can a Python list store different data types?",[24,61217,61218],{},"Yes. A list can store mixed types like strings, numbers, and booleans.",[265,61220,5514,61222,1139,61224,2170],{"id":61221},"what-is-the-difference-between-and",[15,61223,4131],{},[15,61225,174],{},[24,61227,61228,61230,61231,61233],{},[15,61229,4131],{}," creates a list. ",[15,61232,174],{}," usually creates a tuple.",[80,61235,2232],{"id":2231},[28,61237,61238,61242,61248,61254,61260,61266,61270],{},[31,61239,61240],{},[434,61241,59720],{"href":985},[31,61243,61244],{},[434,61245,55847,61246,11651],{"href":57093},[15,61247,52982],{},[31,61249,61250],{},[434,61251,55847,61252,11651],{"href":53673},[15,61253,53775],{},[31,61255,61256],{},[434,61257,55847,61258,11651],{"href":54236},[15,61259,54596],{},[31,61261,61262],{},[434,61263,13,61264,3930],{"href":60380},[15,61265,25112],{},[31,61267,61268],{},[434,61269,59723],{"href":58818},[31,61271,61272],{},[434,61273,61274],{"href":12392},"Mutability in Python Explained",[24,61276,61277,61278,61280],{},"Next step: learn how to add, access, and change list items using ",[15,61279,52982],{},", indexing, and slicing.",[2260,61282,61283],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":90,"searchDepth":130,"depth":130,"links":61285},[61286,61287,61288,61289,61292,61293,61299,61300,61310,61311,61320],{"id":82,"depth":130,"text":83},{"id":15489,"depth":130,"text":15490},{"id":59615,"depth":130,"text":59616},{"id":59726,"depth":130,"text":59727,"children":61290},[61291],{"id":59928,"depth":137,"text":59929},{"id":59944,"depth":130,"text":59945},{"id":60141,"depth":130,"text":61294,"children":61295},"Create a list with list()",[61296,61297,61298],{"id":60166,"depth":137,"text":60167},{"id":60239,"depth":137,"text":60240},{"id":60304,"depth":137,"text":60305},{"id":60386,"depth":130,"text":60387},{"id":4861,"depth":130,"text":4862,"children":61301},[61302,61303,61305,61307,61308,61309],{"id":60523,"depth":137,"text":60524},{"id":60582,"depth":137,"text":61304},"Using () instead of []",{"id":60702,"depth":137,"text":61306},"Expecting list(\"hello world\") to create a list of words",{"id":60923,"depth":137,"text":60924},{"id":61008,"depth":137,"text":61009},{"id":61034,"depth":137,"text":61035},{"id":61119,"depth":130,"text":61120},{"id":2159,"depth":130,"text":2160,"children":61312},[61313,61314,61315,61317,61318],{"id":61160,"depth":137,"text":61161},{"id":61175,"depth":137,"text":61176},{"id":61202,"depth":137,"text":61316},"What does list() do in Python?",{"id":61214,"depth":137,"text":61215},{"id":61221,"depth":137,"text":61319},"What is the difference between [] and ()?",{"id":2231,"depth":130,"text":2232},"Master python list creating a list in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list",{"title":59357,"description":61321},"reference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list","qsr8XW8AjVDmPmBKxRn9AxuodoiKbvD3OgKNyhirhog",{"id":61328,"title":61329,"body":61330,"description":63071,"extension":2319,"meta":63072,"navigation":133,"path":63073,"seo":63074,"stem":63075,"__hash__":63076},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method.md","Python List extend() Method",{"type":7,"value":61331,"toc":63026},[61332,61337,61342,61345,61347,61418,61423,61428,61432,61446,61451,61453,61473,61478,61481,61504,61508,61513,61605,61607,61629,61635,61641,61648,61655,61661,61718,61724,61782,61784,61796,61804,61810,61815,61819,61876,61879,61883,61942,61945,61949,62007,62019,62023,62076,62079,62083,62089,62095,62157,62160,62221,62224,62280,62285,62287,62291,62298,62359,62364,62373,62429,62436,62440,62498,62507,62565,62569,62604,62608,62618,62621,62676,62690,62693,62808,62813,62817,62828,62830,62909,62919,62921,62926,62931,62938,62946,62952,62955,62961,62964,62970,62976,62978,63014,63023],[10,61333,54670,61335,11651],{"id":61334},"python-list-extend-method",[15,61336,53775],{},[24,61338,61339,61341],{},[15,61340,53676],{}," adds items from another iterable to the end of a list.",[24,61343,61344],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it updates the same list instead of creating a new one. This method is useful when you want to add multiple values at once.",[80,61346,2361],{"id":2360},[85,61348,61350],{"className":87,"code":61349,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [1, 2]\nmore_numbers = [3, 4]\n\nnumbers.extend(more_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61351,61352,61368,61385,61389,61404,61414],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,61353,61354,61356,61358,61360,61362,61364,61366],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,61355,101],{"class":100},[94,61357,105],{"class":104},[94,61359,109],{"class":108},[94,61361,412],{"class":112},[94,61363,116],{"class":108},[94,61365,124],{"class":112},[94,61367,127],{"class":108},[94,61369,61370,61373,61375,61377,61379,61381,61383],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,61371,61372],{"class":100},"more_numbers ",[94,61374,105],{"class":104},[94,61376,109],{"class":108},[94,61378,113],{"class":112},[94,61380,116],{"class":108},[94,61382,624],{"class":112},[94,61384,127],{"class":108},[94,61386,61387],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,61388,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,61390,61391,61393,61395,61397,61399,61402],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,61392,153],{"class":100},[94,61394,168],{"class":108},[94,61396,53805],{"class":152},[94,61398,149],{"class":108},[94,61400,61401],{"class":152},"more_numbers",[94,61403,316],{"class":108},[94,61405,61406,61408,61410,61412],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,61407,326],{"class":145},[94,61409,149],{"class":108},[94,61411,153],{"class":152},[94,61413,316],{"class":108},[94,61415,61416],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,61417,53053],{"class":159},[24,61419,54,61420,61422],{},[15,61421,53775],{}," when you want to add each item from another iterable into the same list.",[80,61424,215,61426,218],{"id":61425},"what-listextend-does",[15,61427,53676],{},[24,61429,61430,384],{},[15,61431,53775],{},[28,61433,61434,61437,61439,61442],{},[31,61435,61436],{},"Adds items from another iterable to the end of a list",[31,61438,54756],{},[31,61440,61441],{},"Does not create a new list",[31,61443,11753,61444],{},[15,61445,77],{},[24,61447,61448,61449,54129],{},"This is an important point: ",[15,61450,53775],{},[80,61452,2514],{"id":2513},[85,61454,61456],{"className":87,"code":61455,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"list_name.extend(iterable)\n",[15,61457,61458],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,61459,61460,61463,61465,61467,61469,61471],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,61461,61462],{"class":100},"list_name",[94,61464,168],{"class":108},[94,61466,53805],{"class":152},[94,61468,149],{"class":108},[94,61470,4065],{"class":152},[94,61472,316],{"class":108},[24,61474,5784,61475,61477],{},[43,61476,4065],{},". An iterable is something Python can loop through one item at a time.",[24,61479,61480],{},"Common iterables include:",[28,61482,61483,61487,61491,61495,61500],{},[31,61484,61485],{},[15,61486,965],{},[31,61488,61489],{},[15,61490,49284],{},[31,61492,61493],{},[15,61494,6619],{},[31,61496,61497],{},[15,61498,61499],{},"string",[31,61501,61502],{},[15,61503,60323],{},[80,61505,61507],{"id":61506},"simple-example-with-another-list","Simple example with another list",[24,61509,61510,61511,384],{},"Here is the most common use of ",[15,61512,53775],{},[85,61514,61516],{"className":87,"code":61515,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nmore_fruits = [\"orange\", \"grape\"]\n\nfruits.extend(more_fruits)\n\nprint(fruits)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,61517,61518,61542,61567,61571,61586,61590,61600],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,61519,61520,61522,61524,61526,61528,61530,61532,61534,61536,61538,61540],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,61521,36567],{"class":100},[94,61523,105],{"class":104},[94,61525,109],{"class":108},[94,61527,332],{"class":331},[94,61529,1332],{"class":335},[94,61531,332],{"class":331},[94,61533,116],{"class":108},[94,61535,1040],{"class":331},[94,61537,4432],{"class":335},[94,61539,332],{"class":331},[94,61541,127],{"class":108},[94,61543,61544,61547,61549,61551,61553,61555,61557,61559,61561,61563,61565],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,61545,61546],{"class":100},"more_fruits ",[94,61548,105],{"class":104},[94,61550,109],{"class":108},[94,61552,332],{"class":331},[94,61554,33552],{"class":335},[94,61556,332],{"class":331},[94,61558,116],{"class":108},[94,61560,1040],{"class":331},[94,61562,22864],{"class":335},[94,61564,332],{"class":331},[94,61566,127],{"class":108},[94,61568,61569],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,61570,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,61572,61573,61575,61577,61579,61581,61584],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,61574,36619],{"class":100},[94,61576,168],{"class":108},[94,61578,53805],{"class":152},[94,61580,149],{"class":108},[94,61582,61583],{"class":152},"more_fruits",[94,61585,316],{"class":108},[94,61587,61588],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,61589,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,61591,61592,61594,61596,61598],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,61593,326],{"class":145},[94,61595,149],{"class":108},[94,61597,36619],{"class":152},[94,61599,316],{"class":108},[94,61601,61602],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,61603,61604],{"class":159},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[24,61606,12014],{},[28,61608,61609,61614,61619],{},[31,61610,61611,61613],{},[15,61612,36619],{}," starts with two items",[31,61615,61616,61618],{},[15,61617,61583],{}," has two more items",[31,61620,61621,61623,61624,61626,61627],{},[15,61622,53775],{}," adds each item from ",[15,61625,61583],{}," to ",[15,61628,36619],{},[24,61630,61631,61632,61634],{},"After the method runs, ",[15,61633,36619],{}," contains all four items.",[24,61636,54895,61637,1139,61639,168],{},[434,61638,986],{"href":985},[434,61640,57478],{"href":57477},[80,61642,61644,18,61646],{"id":61643},"extend-vs-append",[15,61645,53775],{},[15,61647,52982],{},[24,61649,61650,1139,61652,61654],{},[15,61651,53775],{},[15,61653,52982],{}," are often confused.",[265,61656,61658,61660],{"id":61657},"extend-adds-each-item-from-the-iterable",[15,61659,53775],{}," adds each item from the iterable",[85,61662,61664],{"className":87,"code":61663,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61665,61666,61682,61700,61704,61714],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,61667,61668,61670,61672,61674,61676,61678,61680],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,61669,101],{"class":100},[94,61671,105],{"class":104},[94,61673,109],{"class":108},[94,61675,412],{"class":112},[94,61677,116],{"class":108},[94,61679,124],{"class":112},[94,61681,127],{"class":108},[94,61683,61684,61686,61688,61690,61692,61694,61696,61698],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,61685,153],{"class":100},[94,61687,168],{"class":108},[94,61689,53805],{"class":152},[94,61691,3342],{"class":108},[94,61693,113],{"class":112},[94,61695,116],{"class":108},[94,61697,624],{"class":112},[94,61699,4234],{"class":108},[94,61701,61702],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,61703,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,61705,61706,61708,61710,61712],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,61707,326],{"class":145},[94,61709,149],{"class":108},[94,61711,153],{"class":152},[94,61713,316],{"class":108},[94,61715,61716],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,61717,53053],{"class":159},[265,61719,61721,61723],{"id":61720},"append-adds-the-whole-object-as-one-item",[15,61722,52982],{}," adds the whole object as one item",[85,61725,61727],{"className":87,"code":61726,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,61728,61729,61745,61763,61767,61777],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,61730,61731,61733,61735,61737,61739,61741,61743],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,61732,101],{"class":100},[94,61734,105],{"class":104},[94,61736,109],{"class":108},[94,61738,412],{"class":112},[94,61740,116],{"class":108},[94,61742,124],{"class":112},[94,61744,127],{"class":108},[94,61746,61747,61749,61751,61753,61755,61757,61759,61761],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,61748,153],{"class":100},[94,61750,168],{"class":108},[94,61752,13880],{"class":152},[94,61754,3342],{"class":108},[94,61756,113],{"class":112},[94,61758,116],{"class":108},[94,61760,624],{"class":112},[94,61762,4234],{"class":108},[94,61764,61765],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,61766,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,61768,61769,61771,61773,61775],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,61770,326],{"class":145},[94,61772,149],{"class":108},[94,61774,153],{"class":152},[94,61776,316],{"class":108},[94,61778,61779],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,61780,61781],{"class":159},"# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[24,61783,19025],{},[28,61785,61786,61791],{},[31,61787,61788,61790],{},[15,61789,53775],{}," to combine values",[31,61792,61793,61795],{},[15,61794,52982],{}," to add one item",[24,61797,42424,61798,1139,61802,168],{},[434,61799,55847,61800,567],{"href":57093},[15,61801,52982],{},[434,61803,53378],{"href":53377},[80,61805,1484,61807,61809],{"id":61806},"using-extend-with-different-iterables",[15,61808,53775],{}," with different iterables",[24,61811,61812,61814],{},[15,61813,53775],{}," works with more than just lists.",[265,61816,61818],{"id":61817},"extend-with-a-tuple","Extend with a tuple",[85,61820,61822],{"className":87,"code":61821,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"values = [1, 2]\nvalues.extend((3, 4))\n\nprint(values)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61823,61824,61840,61858,61862,61872],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,61825,61826,61828,61830,61832,61834,61836,61838],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,61827,4167],{"class":100},[94,61829,105],{"class":104},[94,61831,109],{"class":108},[94,61833,412],{"class":112},[94,61835,116],{"class":108},[94,61837,124],{"class":112},[94,61839,127],{"class":108},[94,61841,61842,61844,61846,61848,61850,61852,61854,61856],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,61843,5690],{"class":100},[94,61845,168],{"class":108},[94,61847,53805],{"class":152},[94,61849,5842],{"class":108},[94,61851,113],{"class":112},[94,61853,116],{"class":108},[94,61855,624],{"class":112},[94,61857,921],{"class":108},[94,61859,61860],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,61861,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,61863,61864,61866,61868,61870],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,61865,326],{"class":145},[94,61867,149],{"class":108},[94,61869,5690],{"class":152},[94,61871,316],{"class":108},[94,61873,61874],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,61875,53053],{"class":159},[24,61877,61878],{},"Each tuple item is added to the list.",[265,61880,61882],{"id":61881},"extend-with-a-string","Extend with a string",[85,61884,61886],{"className":87,"code":61885,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"letters = [\"a\"]\nletters.extend(\"bc\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,61887,61888,61904,61923,61927,61937],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,61889,61890,61892,61894,61896,61898,61900,61902],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,61891,36418],{"class":100},[94,61893,105],{"class":104},[94,61895,109],{"class":108},[94,61897,332],{"class":331},[94,61899,434],{"class":335},[94,61901,332],{"class":331},[94,61903,127],{"class":108},[94,61905,61906,61908,61910,61912,61914,61916,61919,61921],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,61907,36471],{"class":100},[94,61909,168],{"class":108},[94,61911,53805],{"class":152},[94,61913,149],{"class":108},[94,61915,332],{"class":331},[94,61917,61918],{"class":335},"bc",[94,61920,332],{"class":331},[94,61922,316],{"class":108},[94,61924,61925],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,61926,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,61928,61929,61931,61933,61935],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,61930,326],{"class":145},[94,61932,149],{"class":108},[94,61934,36471],{"class":152},[94,61936,316],{"class":108},[94,61938,61939],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,61940,61941],{"class":159},"# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[24,61943,61944],{},"A string is iterable, so each character is added separately.",[265,61946,61948],{"id":61947},"extend-with-a-range","Extend with a range",[85,61950,61952],{"className":87,"code":61951,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [0]\nnumbers.extend(range(1, 4))\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,61953,61954,61966,61988,61992,62002],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,61955,61956,61958,61960,61962,61964],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,61957,101],{"class":100},[94,61959,105],{"class":104},[94,61961,109],{"class":108},[94,61963,2476],{"class":112},[94,61965,127],{"class":108},[94,61967,61968,61970,61972,61974,61976,61978,61980,61982,61984,61986],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,61969,153],{"class":100},[94,61971,168],{"class":108},[94,61973,53805],{"class":152},[94,61975,149],{"class":108},[94,61977,60323],{"class":145},[94,61979,149],{"class":108},[94,61981,412],{"class":112},[94,61983,116],{"class":108},[94,61985,624],{"class":112},[94,61987,921],{"class":108},[94,61989,61990],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,61991,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,61993,61994,61996,61998,62000],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,61995,326],{"class":145},[94,61997,149],{"class":108},[94,61999,153],{"class":152},[94,62001,316],{"class":108},[94,62003,62004],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,62005,62006],{"class":159},"# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[24,62008,62009,62012,62013,2547,62015,17401,62017,168],{},[15,62010,62011],{},"range(1, 4)"," produces ",[15,62014,412],{},[15,62016,763],{},[15,62018,113],{},[265,62020,62022],{"id":62021},"extend-with-a-set","Extend with a set",[85,62024,62026],{"className":87,"code":62025,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"items = [1, 2]\nitems.extend({3, 4})\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,62027,62028,62044,62062,62066],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,62029,62030,62032,62034,62036,62038,62040,62042],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,62031,8113],{"class":100},[94,62033,105],{"class":104},[94,62035,109],{"class":108},[94,62037,412],{"class":112},[94,62039,116],{"class":108},[94,62041,124],{"class":112},[94,62043,127],{"class":108},[94,62045,62046,62048,62050,62052,62054,62056,62058,62060],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,62047,8144],{"class":100},[94,62049,168],{"class":108},[94,62051,53805],{"class":152},[94,62053,5861],{"class":108},[94,62055,113],{"class":112},[94,62057,116],{"class":108},[94,62059,624],{"class":112},[94,62061,30827],{"class":108},[94,62063,62064],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,62065,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,62067,62068,62070,62072,62074],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,62069,326],{"class":145},[94,62071,149],{"class":108},[94,62073,8144],{"class":152},[94,62075,316],{"class":108},[24,62077,62078],{},"A set works too, but the order may not be predictable.",[80,62080,62082],{"id":62081},"important-return-value-rule","Important return value rule",[24,62084,62085,74,62087,168],{},[15,62086,53775],{},[15,62088,77],{},[24,62090,62091,62092,384],{},"That means this is ",[43,62093,62094],{},"wrong",[85,62096,62098],{"className":87,"code":62097,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [1, 2]\nresult = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,62099,62100,62116,62138,62142,62152],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,62101,62102,62104,62106,62108,62110,62112,62114],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,62103,101],{"class":100},[94,62105,105],{"class":104},[94,62107,109],{"class":108},[94,62109,412],{"class":112},[94,62111,116],{"class":108},[94,62113,124],{"class":112},[94,62115,127],{"class":108},[94,62117,62118,62120,62122,62124,62126,62128,62130,62132,62134,62136],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,62119,305],{"class":100},[94,62121,105],{"class":104},[94,62123,343],{"class":100},[94,62125,168],{"class":108},[94,62127,53805],{"class":152},[94,62129,3342],{"class":108},[94,62131,113],{"class":112},[94,62133,116],{"class":108},[94,62135,624],{"class":112},[94,62137,4234],{"class":108},[94,62139,62140],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,62141,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,62143,62144,62146,62148,62150],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,62145,326],{"class":145},[94,62147,149],{"class":108},[94,62149,902],{"class":152},[94,62151,316],{"class":108},[94,62153,62154],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,62155,62156],{"class":159},"# None\n",[24,62158,62159],{},"And this is also a common mistake:",[85,62161,62163],{"className":87,"code":62162,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# None\n",[15,62164,62165,62181,62203,62207,62217],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,62166,62167,62169,62171,62173,62175,62177,62179],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,62168,101],{"class":100},[94,62170,105],{"class":104},[94,62172,109],{"class":108},[94,62174,412],{"class":112},[94,62176,116],{"class":108},[94,62178,124],{"class":112},[94,62180,127],{"class":108},[94,62182,62183,62185,62187,62189,62191,62193,62195,62197,62199,62201],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,62184,101],{"class":100},[94,62186,105],{"class":104},[94,62188,343],{"class":100},[94,62190,168],{"class":108},[94,62192,53805],{"class":152},[94,62194,3342],{"class":108},[94,62196,113],{"class":112},[94,62198,116],{"class":108},[94,62200,624],{"class":112},[94,62202,4234],{"class":108},[94,62204,62205],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,62206,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,62208,62209,62211,62213,62215],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,62210,326],{"class":145},[94,62212,149],{"class":108},[94,62214,153],{"class":152},[94,62216,316],{"class":108},[94,62218,62219],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,62220,62156],{"class":159},[24,62222,62223],{},"The correct way is:",[85,62225,62226],{"className":87,"code":61663,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,62227,62228,62244,62262,62266,62276],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,62229,62230,62232,62234,62236,62238,62240,62242],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,62231,101],{"class":100},[94,62233,105],{"class":104},[94,62235,109],{"class":108},[94,62237,412],{"class":112},[94,62239,116],{"class":108},[94,62241,124],{"class":112},[94,62243,127],{"class":108},[94,62245,62246,62248,62250,62252,62254,62256,62258,62260],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,62247,153],{"class":100},[94,62249,168],{"class":108},[94,62251,53805],{"class":152},[94,62253,3342],{"class":108},[94,62255,113],{"class":112},[94,62257,116],{"class":108},[94,62259,624],{"class":112},[94,62261,4234],{"class":108},[94,62263,62264],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,62265,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,62267,62268,62270,62272,62274],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,62269,326],{"class":145},[94,62271,149],{"class":108},[94,62273,153],{"class":152},[94,62275,316],{"class":108},[94,62277,62278],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,62279,53053],{"class":159},[24,62281,56233,62282,62284],{},[15,62283,53775],{}," first, then use the original list.",[80,62286,4862],{"id":4861},[24,62288,15061,62289,168],{},[15,62290,53775],{},[265,62292,62294,62295,62297],{"id":62293},"_1-expecting-extend-to-return-a-new-list","1. Expecting ",[15,62296,53775],{}," to return a new list",[85,62299,62301],{"className":87,"code":62300,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnew_numbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n# None\n",[15,62302,62303,62319,62341,62345,62355],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,62304,62305,62307,62309,62311,62313,62315,62317],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,62306,101],{"class":100},[94,62308,105],{"class":104},[94,62310,109],{"class":108},[94,62312,412],{"class":112},[94,62314,116],{"class":108},[94,62316,124],{"class":112},[94,62318,127],{"class":108},[94,62320,62321,62323,62325,62327,62329,62331,62333,62335,62337,62339],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,62322,1761],{"class":100},[94,62324,105],{"class":104},[94,62326,343],{"class":100},[94,62328,168],{"class":108},[94,62330,53805],{"class":152},[94,62332,3342],{"class":108},[94,62334,113],{"class":112},[94,62336,116],{"class":108},[94,62338,624],{"class":112},[94,62340,4234],{"class":108},[94,62342,62343],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,62344,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,62346,62347,62349,62351,62353],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,62348,326],{"class":145},[94,62350,149],{"class":108},[94,62352,1784],{"class":152},[94,62354,316],{"class":108},[94,62356,62357],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,62358,62156],{"class":159},[24,62360,62361,62362,168],{},"Fix: use the original list after calling ",[15,62363,53775],{},[265,62365,62367,62368,44961,62370,62372],{"id":62366},"_2-using-append-when-extend-is-needed","2. Using ",[15,62369,52982],{},[15,62371,53775],{}," is needed",[85,62374,62375],{"className":87,"code":61726,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,62376,62377,62393,62411,62415,62425],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,62378,62379,62381,62383,62385,62387,62389,62391],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,62380,101],{"class":100},[94,62382,105],{"class":104},[94,62384,109],{"class":108},[94,62386,412],{"class":112},[94,62388,116],{"class":108},[94,62390,124],{"class":112},[94,62392,127],{"class":108},[94,62394,62395,62397,62399,62401,62403,62405,62407,62409],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,62396,153],{"class":100},[94,62398,168],{"class":108},[94,62400,13880],{"class":152},[94,62402,3342],{"class":108},[94,62404,113],{"class":112},[94,62406,116],{"class":108},[94,62408,624],{"class":112},[94,62410,4234],{"class":108},[94,62412,62413],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,62414,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,62416,62417,62419,62421,62423],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,62418,326],{"class":145},[94,62420,149],{"class":108},[94,62422,153],{"class":152},[94,62424,316],{"class":108},[94,62426,62427],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,62428,61781],{"class":159},[24,62430,62431,62432,54219,62434,6963],{},"If you wanted ",[15,62433,54218],{},[15,62435,53775],{},[265,62437,62439],{"id":62438},"_3-passing-a-string-and-being-surprised-by-separate-characters","3. Passing a string and being surprised by separate characters",[85,62441,62443],{"className":87,"code":62442,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.extend(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,62444,62445,62461,62479,62483,62493],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,62446,62447,62449,62451,62453,62455,62457,62459],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,62448,1314],{"class":100},[94,62450,105],{"class":104},[94,62452,109],{"class":108},[94,62454,332],{"class":331},[94,62456,4190],{"class":335},[94,62458,332],{"class":331},[94,62460,127],{"class":108},[94,62462,62463,62465,62467,62469,62471,62473,62475,62477],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,62464,1362],{"class":100},[94,62466,168],{"class":108},[94,62468,53805],{"class":152},[94,62470,149],{"class":108},[94,62472,332],{"class":331},[94,62474,60916],{"class":335},[94,62476,332],{"class":331},[94,62478,316],{"class":108},[94,62480,62481],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,62482,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,62484,62485,62487,62489,62491],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,62486,326],{"class":145},[94,62488,149],{"class":108},[94,62490,1362],{"class":152},[94,62492,316],{"class":108},[94,62494,62495],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,62496,62497],{"class":159},"# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[24,62499,62500,62501,62504,62505,384],{},"If you want ",[15,62502,62503],{},"\"world\""," as one item, use ",[15,62506,52982],{},[85,62508,62510],{"className":87,"code":62509,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.append(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'world']\n",[15,62511,62512,62528,62546,62550,62560],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,62513,62514,62516,62518,62520,62522,62524,62526],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,62515,1314],{"class":100},[94,62517,105],{"class":104},[94,62519,109],{"class":108},[94,62521,332],{"class":331},[94,62523,4190],{"class":335},[94,62525,332],{"class":331},[94,62527,127],{"class":108},[94,62529,62530,62532,62534,62536,62538,62540,62542,62544],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,62531,1362],{"class":100},[94,62533,168],{"class":108},[94,62535,13880],{"class":152},[94,62537,149],{"class":108},[94,62539,332],{"class":331},[94,62541,60916],{"class":335},[94,62543,332],{"class":331},[94,62545,316],{"class":108},[94,62547,62548],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,62549,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,62551,62552,62554,62556,62558],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,62553,326],{"class":145},[94,62555,149],{"class":108},[94,62557,1362],{"class":152},[94,62559,316],{"class":108},[94,62561,62562],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,62563,62564],{"class":159},"# ['hello', 'world']\n",[265,62566,62568],{"id":62567},"_4-trying-to-extend-with-a-non-iterable-like-an-integer","4. Trying to extend with a non-iterable like an integer",[85,62570,62572],{"className":87,"code":62571,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend(5)\n",[15,62573,62574,62590],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,62575,62576,62578,62580,62582,62584,62586,62588],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,62577,101],{"class":100},[94,62579,105],{"class":104},[94,62581,109],{"class":108},[94,62583,412],{"class":112},[94,62585,116],{"class":108},[94,62587,124],{"class":112},[94,62589,127],{"class":108},[94,62591,62592,62594,62596,62598,62600,62602],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,62593,153],{"class":100},[94,62595,168],{"class":108},[94,62597,53805],{"class":152},[94,62599,149],{"class":108},[94,62601,615],{"class":112},[94,62603,316],{"class":108},[24,62605,39984,62606,6883],{},[15,62607,615],{},[24,62609,62610,62611,62613,62614,62617],{},"You will get a ",[15,62612,3361],{},". See ",[434,62615,62616],{"href":52929},"TypeError: int object is not iterable"," for help fixing that error.",[24,62619,62620],{},"Useful checks while debugging:",[85,62622,62624],{"className":87,"code":62623,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result))\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,62625,62626,62636,62650,62662],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,62627,62628,62630,62632,62634],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,62629,326],{"class":145},[94,62631,149],{"class":108},[94,62633,594],{"class":152},[94,62635,316],{"class":108},[94,62637,62638,62640,62642,62644,62646,62648],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,62639,326],{"class":145},[94,62641,149],{"class":108},[94,62643,914],{"class":913},[94,62645,149],{"class":108},[94,62647,5690],{"class":152},[94,62649,921],{"class":108},[94,62651,62652,62654,62656,62658,62660],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,62653,326],{"class":145},[94,62655,149],{"class":108},[94,62657,902],{"class":152},[94,62659,156],{"class":108},[94,62661,316],{"class":100},[94,62663,62664,62666,62668,62670,62672,62674],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,62665,2080],{"class":145},[94,62667,149],{"class":108},[94,62669,965],{"class":913},[94,62671,168],{"class":108},[94,62673,53805],{"class":1377},[94,62675,316],{"class":108},[43911,62677,62678],{},[24,62679,62680,62681,62684,62685,62687,62688,168],{},"Note: ",[15,62682,62683],{},"print(result))"," has an extra ",[15,62686,156],{}," and would cause a syntax error. The correct version is ",[15,62689,33358],{},[24,62691,62692],{},"Correct debugging example:",[85,62694,62696],{"className":87,"code":62695,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"my_list = [1, 2]\nvalues = [3, 4]\n\nmy_list.extend(values)\n\nresult = None\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result)\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,62697,62698,62714,62730,62734,62748,62752,62760,62770,62784,62794],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,62699,62700,62702,62704,62706,62708,62710,62712],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,62701,8643],{"class":100},[94,62703,105],{"class":104},[94,62705,109],{"class":108},[94,62707,412],{"class":112},[94,62709,116],{"class":108},[94,62711,124],{"class":112},[94,62713,127],{"class":108},[94,62715,62716,62718,62720,62722,62724,62726,62728],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,62717,4167],{"class":100},[94,62719,105],{"class":104},[94,62721,109],{"class":108},[94,62723,113],{"class":112},[94,62725,116],{"class":108},[94,62727,624],{"class":112},[94,62729,127],{"class":108},[94,62731,62732],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,62733,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,62735,62736,62738,62740,62742,62744,62746],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,62737,594],{"class":100},[94,62739,168],{"class":108},[94,62741,53805],{"class":152},[94,62743,149],{"class":108},[94,62745,5690],{"class":152},[94,62747,316],{"class":108},[94,62749,62750],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,62751,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,62753,62754,62756,62758],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,62755,305],{"class":100},[94,62757,105],{"class":104},[94,62759,48859],{"class":1224},[94,62761,62762,62764,62766,62768],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,62763,326],{"class":145},[94,62765,149],{"class":108},[94,62767,594],{"class":152},[94,62769,316],{"class":108},[94,62771,62772,62774,62776,62778,62780,62782],{"class":96,"line":702},[94,62773,326],{"class":145},[94,62775,149],{"class":108},[94,62777,914],{"class":913},[94,62779,149],{"class":108},[94,62781,5690],{"class":152},[94,62783,921],{"class":108},[94,62785,62786,62788,62790,62792],{"class":96,"line":6763},[94,62787,326],{"class":145},[94,62789,149],{"class":108},[94,62791,902],{"class":152},[94,62793,316],{"class":108},[94,62795,62796,62798,62800,62802,62804,62806],{"class":96,"line":6768},[94,62797,2080],{"class":145},[94,62799,149],{"class":108},[94,62801,965],{"class":913},[94,62803,168],{"class":108},[94,62805,53805],{"class":1377},[94,62807,316],{"class":108},[80,62809,815,62811],{"id":62810},"when-to-use-extend",[15,62812,53775],{},[24,62814,54,62815,6650],{},[15,62816,53775],{},[28,62818,62819,62822,62825],{},[31,62820,62821],{},"Merge two lists into one existing list",[31,62823,62824],{},"Add multiple values at once",[31,62826,62827],{},"Build a list step by step without creating a new list",[24,62829,5804],{},[85,62831,62833],{"className":87,"code":62832,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"all_scores = [90, 85]\nnew_scores = [88, 92]\n\nall_scores.extend(new_scores)\n\nprint(all_scores)\n# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[15,62834,62835,62852,62870,62874,62890,62894,62904],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,62836,62837,62840,62842,62844,62846,62848,62850],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,62838,62839],{"class":100},"all_scores ",[94,62841,105],{"class":104},[94,62843,109],{"class":108},[94,62845,13829],{"class":112},[94,62847,116],{"class":108},[94,62849,13834],{"class":112},[94,62851,127],{"class":108},[94,62853,62854,62857,62859,62861,62863,62865,62868],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,62855,62856],{"class":100},"new_scores ",[94,62858,105],{"class":104},[94,62860,109],{"class":108},[94,62862,51834],{"class":112},[94,62864,116],{"class":108},[94,62866,62867],{"class":112}," 92",[94,62869,127],{"class":108},[94,62871,62872],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,62873,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,62875,62876,62879,62881,62883,62885,62888],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,62877,62878],{"class":100},"all_scores",[94,62880,168],{"class":108},[94,62882,53805],{"class":152},[94,62884,149],{"class":108},[94,62886,62887],{"class":152},"new_scores",[94,62889,316],{"class":108},[94,62891,62892],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,62893,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,62895,62896,62898,62900,62902],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,62897,326],{"class":145},[94,62899,149],{"class":108},[94,62901,62878],{"class":152},[94,62903,316],{"class":108},[94,62905,62906],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,62907,62908],{"class":159},"# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[24,62910,62911,62912,62914,62915,168],{},"If you need to add just one value, ",[15,62913,52982],{}," is usually better. If you need to add an item at a specific position, see ",[434,62916,55847,62917,567],{"href":54236},[15,62918,54596],{},[80,62920,2160],{"id":2159},[265,62922,13029,62924,55796],{"id":62923},"does-listextend-return-a-new-list",[15,62925,53676],{},[24,62927,62928,62929,168],{},"No. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,62930,77],{},[265,62932,5514,62934,1139,62936,2170],{"id":62933},"what-is-the-difference-between-extend-and-append",[15,62935,53775],{},[15,62937,52982],{},[24,62939,62940,62942,62943,62945],{},[15,62941,53775],{}," adds each item from an iterable. ",[15,62944,52982],{}," adds one item as a single element.",[265,62947,2201,62949,62951],{"id":62948},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-string",[15,62950,53775],{}," with a string?",[24,62953,62954],{},"Yes, but each character is added separately.",[265,62956,2201,62958,62960],{"id":62957},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-tuple",[15,62959,53775],{}," with a tuple?",[24,62962,62963],{},"Yes. Each tuple item is added to the list.",[265,62965,62967,62968,2170],{"id":62966},"what-happens-if-i-pass-an-integer-to-extend","What happens if I pass an integer to ",[15,62969,53775],{},[24,62971,62972,62973,62975],{},"You get a ",[15,62974,3361],{}," because an integer is not iterable.",[80,62977,2232],{"id":2231},[28,62979,62980,62986,62990,62994,62998,63004,63008],{},[31,62981,62982],{},[434,62983,55847,62984,567],{"href":57093},[15,62985,52982],{},[31,62987,62988],{},[434,62989,54606],{"href":53377},[31,62991,62992],{},[434,62993,57552],{"href":57477},[31,62995,62996],{},[434,62997,986],{"href":985},[31,62999,63000],{},[434,63001,55847,63002,567],{"href":54236},[15,63003,54596],{},[31,63005,63006],{},[434,63007,62616],{"href":52929},[31,63009,63010],{},[434,63011,55847,63012,567],{"href":55288},[15,63013,13102],{},[24,63015,63016,63017,63019,63020,63022],{},"If you are choosing between list methods, the next useful step is learning when to use ",[15,63018,52982],{},", when to use ",[15,63021,54596],{},", and when it makes more sense to create a new merged list instead of changing the original one.",[2260,63024,63025],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":90,"searchDepth":130,"depth":130,"links":63027},[63028,63029,63031,63032,63033,63040,63047,63048,63056,63058,63070],{"id":2360,"depth":130,"text":2361},{"id":61425,"depth":130,"text":63030},"What list.extend() does",{"id":2513,"depth":130,"text":2514},{"id":61506,"depth":130,"text":61507},{"id":61643,"depth":130,"text":63034,"children":63035},"extend() vs append()",[63036,63038],{"id":61657,"depth":137,"text":63037},"extend() adds each item from the iterable",{"id":61720,"depth":137,"text":63039},"append() adds the whole object as one item",{"id":61806,"depth":130,"text":63041,"children":63042},"Using extend() with different iterables",[63043,63044,63045,63046],{"id":61817,"depth":137,"text":61818},{"id":61881,"depth":137,"text":61882},{"id":61947,"depth":137,"text":61948},{"id":62021,"depth":137,"text":62022},{"id":62081,"depth":130,"text":62082},{"id":4861,"depth":130,"text":4862,"children":63049},[63050,63052,63054,63055],{"id":62293,"depth":137,"text":63051},"1. Expecting extend() to return a new list",{"id":62366,"depth":137,"text":63053},"2. Using append() when extend() is needed",{"id":62438,"depth":137,"text":62439},{"id":62567,"depth":137,"text":62568},{"id":62810,"depth":130,"text":63057},"When to use extend()",{"id":2159,"depth":130,"text":2160,"children":63059},[63060,63062,63064,63066,63068],{"id":62923,"depth":137,"text":63061},"Does list.extend() return a new list?",{"id":62933,"depth":137,"text":63063},"What is the difference between extend() and append()?",{"id":62948,"depth":137,"text":63065},"Can I use extend() with a string?",{"id":62957,"depth":137,"text":63067},"Can I use extend() with a tuple?",{"id":62966,"depth":137,"text":63069},"What happens if I pass an integer to extend()?",{"id":2231,"depth":130,"text":2232},"Master python list extend method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method",{"title":61329,"description":63071},"reference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method","90pZbU2UqZE69xhKpX2Np0iIiKNAPWOtF52krfvnbak",{"id":63078,"title":63079,"body":63080,"description":65169,"extension":2319,"meta":65170,"navigation":133,"path":65171,"seo":65172,"stem":65173,"__hash__":65174},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained.md","Python list() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":63081,"toc":65132},[63082,63085,63090,63096,63107,63113,63115,63184,63186,63235,63243,63247,63251,63254,63265,63270,63272,63274,63295,63308,63311,63324,63326,63331,63356,63358,63366,63369,63438,63440,63464,63470,63474,63478,63514,63516,63536,63543,63547,63580,63582,63616,63621,63625,63658,63660,63688,63696,63700,63737,63739,63760,63763,63767,63836,63838,63862,63868,63875,63879,63882,63884,63898,63901,63925,63927,63952,63955,63974,63976,64002,64011,64015,64022,64099,64101,64142,64148,64154,64245,64247,64303,64306,64311,64315,64320,64324,64383,64385,64410,64414,64477,64479,64504,64508,64571,64573,64616,64619,64623,64627,64648,64652,64734,64736,64771,64779,64781,64785,64789,64791,64818,64823,64825,64852,64859,64862,64885,64887,64936,64939,64942,64961,64965,64968,65019,65022,65028,65032,65037,65040,65042,65048,65057,65061,65067,65071,65074,65078,65081,65085,65091,65093,65129],[10,63083,63079],{"id":63084},"python-list-function-explained",[24,63086,9456,63087,63089],{},[15,63088,25112],{}," function creates a new list.",[24,63091,63092,63093,63095],{},"Beginners usually use ",[15,63094,25112],{}," for two main reasons:",[28,63097,63098,63101],{},[31,63099,63100],{},"to make an empty list",[31,63102,63103,63104,63106],{},"to convert another iterable, such as a tuple, string, ",[15,63105,60323],{},", set, or dictionary, into a list",[24,63108,63109,63110,63112],{},"This page explains how ",[15,63111,25112],{}," works, what it returns, and when you should use it.",[80,63114,2361],{"id":2360},[85,63116,63118],{"className":87,"code":63117,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,63119,63120,63142,63160,63164,63174],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,63121,63122,63124,63126,63128,63130,63132,63134,63136,63138,63140],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,63123,101],{"class":100},[94,63125,105],{"class":104},[94,63127,22891],{"class":913},[94,63129,5842],{"class":108},[94,63131,412],{"class":112},[94,63133,116],{"class":108},[94,63135,124],{"class":112},[94,63137,116],{"class":108},[94,63139,421],{"class":112},[94,63141,921],{"class":108},[94,63143,63144,63146,63148,63150,63152,63154,63156,63158],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,63145,36418],{"class":100},[94,63147,105],{"class":104},[94,63149,22891],{"class":913},[94,63151,149],{"class":108},[94,63153,332],{"class":331},[94,63155,41891],{"class":335},[94,63157,332],{"class":331},[94,63159,316],{"class":108},[94,63161,63162],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,63163,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,63165,63166,63168,63170,63172],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,63167,326],{"class":145},[94,63169,149],{"class":108},[94,63171,153],{"class":152},[94,63173,316],{"class":108},[94,63175,63176,63178,63180,63182],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,63177,326],{"class":145},[94,63179,149],{"class":108},[94,63181,36471],{"class":152},[94,63183,316],{"class":108},[24,63185,371],{},[85,63187,63189],{"className":87,"code":63188,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"[1, 2, 3]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,63190,63191,63207],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,63192,63193,63195,63197,63199,63201,63203,63205],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,63194,539],{"class":108},[94,63196,412],{"class":112},[94,63198,116],{"class":108},[94,63200,124],{"class":112},[94,63202,116],{"class":108},[94,63204,421],{"class":112},[94,63206,127],{"class":108},[94,63208,63209,63211,63213,63215,63217,63219,63221,63223,63225,63227,63229,63231,63233],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,63210,539],{"class":108},[94,63212,968],{"class":331},[94,63214,434],{"class":335},[94,63216,968],{"class":331},[94,63218,116],{"class":108},[94,63220,962],{"class":331},[94,63222,1937],{"class":335},[94,63224,968],{"class":331},[94,63226,116],{"class":108},[94,63228,962],{"class":331},[94,63230,1946],{"class":335},[94,63232,968],{"class":331},[94,63234,127],{"class":108},[24,63236,54,63237,63239,63240,63242],{},[15,63238,25112],{}," to create a list from another iterable such as a tuple, string, ",[15,63241,60323],{},", set, or dictionary.",[80,63244,63246],{"id":63245},"what-list-does","What list() does",[24,63248,63249,223],{},[15,63250,25112],{},[24,63252,63253],{},"It can:",[28,63255,63256,63259,63262],{},[31,63257,63258],{},"create a new list object",[31,63260,63261],{},"make an empty list",[31,63263,63264],{},"convert an iterable into a list",[24,63266,63267,63268,168],{},"A list is a changeable sequence of items. If you are new to lists, see ",[434,63269,986],{"href":985},[80,63271,2514],{"id":2513},[24,63273,26818],{},[85,63275,63277],{"className":87,"code":63276,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"list()\nlist(iterable)\n",[15,63278,63279,63285],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,63280,63281,63283],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,63282,965],{"class":913},[94,63284,511],{"class":108},[94,63286,63287,63289,63291,63293],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,63288,965],{"class":913},[94,63290,149],{"class":108},[94,63292,4065],{"class":152},[94,63294,316],{"class":108},[28,63296,63297,63302],{},[31,63298,63299,63301],{},[15,63300,25112],{}," makes an empty list",[31,63303,63304,63307],{},[15,63305,63306],{},"list(iterable)"," converts an iterable to a list",[24,63309,63310],{},"Common iterable values include:",[28,63312,63313,63315,63317,63319,63322],{},[31,63314,257],{},[31,63316,254],{},[31,63318,260],{},[31,63320,63321],{},"ranges",[31,63323,7584],{},[80,63325,59945],{"id":59944},[24,63327,54,63328,63330],{},[15,63329,25112],{}," with no arguments:",[85,63332,63334],{"className":87,"code":63333,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"items = list()\nprint(items)\n",[15,63335,63336,63346],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,63337,63338,63340,63342,63344],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,63339,8113],{"class":100},[94,63341,105],{"class":104},[94,63343,22891],{"class":913},[94,63345,511],{"class":108},[94,63347,63348,63350,63352,63354],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,63349,326],{"class":145},[94,63351,149],{"class":108},[94,63353,8144],{"class":152},[94,63355,316],{"class":108},[24,63357,371],{},[85,63359,63360],{"className":87,"code":38627,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,63361,63362],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,63363,63364],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,63365,38627],{"class":108},[24,63367,63368],{},"This is useful when you want to build a list step by step:",[85,63370,63372],{"className":87,"code":63371,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"items = list()\n\nitems.append(\"apple\")\nitems.append(\"banana\")\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,63373,63374,63384,63388,63406,63424,63428],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,63375,63376,63378,63380,63382],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,63377,8113],{"class":100},[94,63379,105],{"class":104},[94,63381,22891],{"class":913},[94,63383,511],{"class":108},[94,63385,63386],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,63387,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,63389,63390,63392,63394,63396,63398,63400,63402,63404],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,63391,8144],{"class":100},[94,63393,168],{"class":108},[94,63395,13880],{"class":152},[94,63397,149],{"class":108},[94,63399,332],{"class":331},[94,63401,1332],{"class":335},[94,63403,332],{"class":331},[94,63405,316],{"class":108},[94,63407,63408,63410,63412,63414,63416,63418,63420,63422],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,63409,8144],{"class":100},[94,63411,168],{"class":108},[94,63413,13880],{"class":152},[94,63415,149],{"class":108},[94,63417,332],{"class":331},[94,63419,4432],{"class":335},[94,63421,332],{"class":331},[94,63423,316],{"class":108},[94,63425,63426],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,63427,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,63429,63430,63432,63434,63436],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,63431,326],{"class":145},[94,63433,149],{"class":108},[94,63435,8144],{"class":152},[94,63437,316],{"class":108},[24,63439,371],{},[85,63441,63442],{"className":87,"code":38753,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,63443,63444],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,63445,63446,63448,63450,63452,63454,63456,63458,63460,63462],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,63447,539],{"class":108},[94,63449,968],{"class":331},[94,63451,1332],{"class":335},[94,63453,968],{"class":331},[94,63455,116],{"class":108},[94,63457,962],{"class":331},[94,63459,4432],{"class":335},[94,63461,968],{"class":331},[94,63463,127],{"class":108},[24,63465,63466,63467,63469],{},"You can also create an empty list with ",[15,63468,4131],{},". Both are valid.",[80,63471,63473],{"id":63472},"convert-common-values-to-a-list","Convert common values to a list",[265,63475,63477],{"id":63476},"tuple-to-list","Tuple to list",[85,63479,63480],{"className":87,"code":60243,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,63481,63482,63504],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,63483,63484,63486,63488,63490,63492,63494,63496,63498,63500,63502],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,63485,101],{"class":100},[94,63487,105],{"class":104},[94,63489,22891],{"class":913},[94,63491,5842],{"class":108},[94,63493,412],{"class":112},[94,63495,116],{"class":108},[94,63497,124],{"class":112},[94,63499,116],{"class":108},[94,63501,421],{"class":112},[94,63503,921],{"class":108},[94,63505,63506,63508,63510,63512],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,63507,326],{"class":145},[94,63509,149],{"class":108},[94,63511,153],{"class":152},[94,63513,316],{"class":108},[24,63515,371],{},[85,63517,63518],{"className":87,"code":532,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,63519,63520],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,63521,63522,63524,63526,63528,63530,63532,63534],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,63523,539],{"class":108},[94,63525,412],{"class":112},[94,63527,116],{"class":108},[94,63529,124],{"class":112},[94,63531,116],{"class":108},[94,63533,421],{"class":112},[94,63535,127],{"class":108},[24,63537,63538,63539,168],{},"If you also want to compare this with tuples, see ",[434,63540,63542],{"href":63541},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained\u002F","Python tuple() function explained",[265,63544,63546],{"id":63545},"string-to-list","String to list",[85,63548,63550],{"className":87,"code":63549,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"letters = list(\"cat\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,63551,63552,63570],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,63553,63554,63556,63558,63560,63562,63564,63566,63568],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,63555,36418],{"class":100},[94,63557,105],{"class":104},[94,63559,22891],{"class":913},[94,63561,149],{"class":108},[94,63563,332],{"class":331},[94,63565,37376],{"class":335},[94,63567,332],{"class":331},[94,63569,316],{"class":108},[94,63571,63572,63574,63576,63578],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,63573,326],{"class":145},[94,63575,149],{"class":108},[94,63577,36471],{"class":152},[94,63579,316],{"class":108},[24,63581,371],{},[85,63583,63585],{"className":87,"code":63584,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"['c', 'a', 't']\n",[15,63586,63587],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,63588,63589,63591,63593,63595,63597,63599,63601,63603,63605,63607,63609,63612,63614],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,63590,539],{"class":108},[94,63592,968],{"class":331},[94,63594,1946],{"class":335},[94,63596,968],{"class":331},[94,63598,116],{"class":108},[94,63600,962],{"class":331},[94,63602,434],{"class":335},[94,63604,968],{"class":331},[94,63606,116],{"class":108},[94,63608,962],{"class":331},[94,63610,63611],{"class":335},"t",[94,63613,968],{"class":331},[94,63615,127],{"class":108},[24,63617,63618,63620],{},[15,63619,25112],{}," takes each character from the string and puts it into the new list.",[265,63622,63624],{"id":63623},"range-to-list","Range to list",[85,63626,63628],{"className":87,"code":63627,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = list(range(5))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,63629,63630,63648],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,63631,63632,63634,63636,63638,63640,63642,63644,63646],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,63633,101],{"class":100},[94,63635,105],{"class":104},[94,63637,22891],{"class":913},[94,63639,149],{"class":108},[94,63641,60323],{"class":145},[94,63643,149],{"class":108},[94,63645,615],{"class":112},[94,63647,921],{"class":108},[94,63649,63650,63652,63654,63656],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,63651,326],{"class":145},[94,63653,149],{"class":108},[94,63655,153],{"class":152},[94,63657,316],{"class":108},[24,63659,371],{},[85,63661,63662],{"className":87,"code":60346,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,63663,63664],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,63665,63666,63668,63670,63672,63674,63676,63678,63680,63682,63684,63686],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,63667,539],{"class":108},[94,63669,2476],{"class":112},[94,63671,116],{"class":108},[94,63673,119],{"class":112},[94,63675,116],{"class":108},[94,63677,124],{"class":112},[94,63679,116],{"class":108},[94,63681,421],{"class":112},[94,63683,116],{"class":108},[94,63685,624],{"class":112},[94,63687,127],{"class":108},[24,63689,63690,63691,63695],{},"This is common when working with ",[434,63692,63693],{"href":36523},[15,63694,36526],{},", especially when you want to see all the values at once.",[265,63697,63699],{"id":63698},"set-to-list","Set to list",[85,63701,63703],{"className":87,"code":63702,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"values = list({10, 20, 30})\nprint(values)\n",[15,63704,63705,63727],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,63706,63707,63709,63711,63713,63715,63717,63719,63721,63723,63725],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,63708,4167],{"class":100},[94,63710,105],{"class":104},[94,63712,22891],{"class":913},[94,63714,5861],{"class":108},[94,63716,2688],{"class":112},[94,63718,116],{"class":108},[94,63720,8124],{"class":112},[94,63722,116],{"class":108},[94,63724,8129],{"class":112},[94,63726,30827],{"class":108},[94,63728,63729,63731,63733,63735],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,63730,326],{"class":145},[94,63732,149],{"class":108},[94,63734,5690],{"class":152},[94,63736,316],{"class":108},[24,63738,17287],{},[85,63740,63742],{"className":87,"code":63741,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,63743,63744],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,63745,63746,63748,63750,63752,63754,63756,63758],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,63747,539],{"class":108},[94,63749,2688],{"class":112},[94,63751,116],{"class":108},[94,63753,8124],{"class":112},[94,63755,116],{"class":108},[94,63757,8129],{"class":112},[94,63759,127],{"class":108},[24,63761,63762],{},"This works, but set order is not guaranteed in the way beginners often expect. The items may appear in a different order.",[265,63764,63766],{"id":63765},"dictionary-to-list","Dictionary to list",[85,63768,63770],{"className":87,"code":63769,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = list(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,63771,63772,63808,63822,63826],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,63773,63774,63776,63778,63780,63782,63784,63786,63788,63790,63792,63794,63796,63798,63800,63802,63804,63806],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,63775,13531],{"class":100},[94,63777,105],{"class":104},[94,63779,10823],{"class":108},[94,63781,332],{"class":331},[94,63783,8001],{"class":335},[94,63785,332],{"class":331},[94,63787,384],{"class":108},[94,63789,1040],{"class":331},[94,63791,13206],{"class":335},[94,63793,332],{"class":331},[94,63795,116],{"class":108},[94,63797,1040],{"class":331},[94,63799,9631],{"class":335},[94,63801,332],{"class":331},[94,63803,384],{"class":108},[94,63805,9638],{"class":112},[94,63807,9641],{"class":108},[94,63809,63810,63812,63814,63816,63818,63820],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,63811,305],{"class":100},[94,63813,105],{"class":104},[94,63815,22891],{"class":913},[94,63817,149],{"class":108},[94,63819,17636],{"class":152},[94,63821,316],{"class":108},[94,63823,63824],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,63825,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,63827,63828,63830,63832,63834],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,63829,326],{"class":145},[94,63831,149],{"class":108},[94,63833,902],{"class":152},[94,63835,316],{"class":108},[24,63837,371],{},[85,63839,63840],{"className":87,"code":25812,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,63841,63842],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,63843,63844,63846,63848,63850,63852,63854,63856,63858,63860],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,63845,539],{"class":108},[94,63847,968],{"class":331},[94,63849,8001],{"class":335},[94,63851,968],{"class":331},[94,63853,116],{"class":108},[94,63855,962],{"class":331},[94,63857,9631],{"class":335},[94,63859,968],{"class":331},[94,63861,127],{"class":108},[24,63863,63864,63865,63867],{},"When you pass a dictionary to ",[15,63866,25112],{},", Python returns the dictionary keys.",[24,63869,63870,63871,168],{},"If you need more help with dictionaries, see ",[434,63872,63874],{"href":63873},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained\u002F","Python dict() function explained",[80,63876,63878],{"id":63877},"what-counts-as-an-iterable","What counts as an iterable",[24,63880,63881],{},"An iterable is something Python can loop through.",[24,63883,61480],{},[28,63885,63886,63888,63890,63892,63894,63896],{},[31,63887,251],{},[31,63889,254],{},[31,63891,257],{},[31,63893,260],{},[31,63895,63321],{},[31,63897,7584],{},[24,63899,63900],{},"For example, this works because a string is iterable:",[85,63902,63904],{"className":87,"code":63903,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(list(\"hi\"))\n",[15,63905,63906],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,63907,63908,63910,63912,63914,63916,63918,63921,63923],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,63909,326],{"class":145},[94,63911,149],{"class":108},[94,63913,965],{"class":913},[94,63915,149],{"class":108},[94,63917,332],{"class":331},[94,63919,63920],{"class":335},"hi",[94,63922,332],{"class":331},[94,63924,921],{"class":108},[24,63926,371],{},[85,63928,63930],{"className":87,"code":63929,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"['h', 'i']\n",[15,63931,63932],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,63933,63934,63936,63938,63940,63942,63944,63946,63948,63950],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,63935,539],{"class":108},[94,63937,968],{"class":331},[94,63939,60763],{"class":335},[94,63941,968],{"class":331},[94,63943,116],{"class":108},[94,63945,962],{"class":331},[94,63947,36482],{"class":335},[94,63949,968],{"class":331},[94,63951,127],{"class":108},[24,63953,63954],{},"But this fails because an integer is not iterable:",[85,63956,63958],{"className":87,"code":63957,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(list(5))\n",[15,63959,63960],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,63961,63962,63964,63966,63968,63970,63972],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,63963,326],{"class":145},[94,63965,149],{"class":108},[94,63967,965],{"class":913},[94,63969,149],{"class":108},[94,63971,615],{"class":112},[94,63973,921],{"class":108},[24,63975,371],{},[85,63977,63979],{"className":87,"code":63978,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable\n",[15,63980,63981],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,63982,63983,63985,63987,63989,63991,63993,63995,63997,63999],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,63984,3361],{"class":913},[94,63986,384],{"class":108},[94,63988,962],{"class":331},[94,63990,2546],{"class":335},[94,63992,968],{"class":331},[94,63994,24949],{"class":913},[94,63996,8431],{"class":104},[94,63998,8434],{"class":104},[94,64000,64001],{"class":100}," iterable\n",[24,64003,64004,64005,64007,64008,168],{},"If you want a deeper explanation, read ",[434,64006,1844],{"href":1843},". If you hit this exact error, see ",[434,64009,64010],{"href":52929},"how to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[80,64012,64014],{"id":64013},"list-makes-a-new-list-copy","list() makes a new list copy",[24,64016,64017,64018,64021],{},"If you already have a list, ",[15,64019,64020],{},"list(existing_list)"," creates a new list with the same items:",[85,64023,64025],{"className":87,"code":64024,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = list(original)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,64026,64027,64047,64061,64065,64075,64085],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,64028,64029,64031,64033,64035,64037,64039,64041,64043,64045],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,64030,12413],{"class":100},[94,64032,105],{"class":104},[94,64034,109],{"class":108},[94,64036,412],{"class":112},[94,64038,116],{"class":108},[94,64040,124],{"class":112},[94,64042,116],{"class":108},[94,64044,421],{"class":112},[94,64046,127],{"class":108},[94,64048,64049,64051,64053,64055,64057,64059],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,64050,14639],{"class":100},[94,64052,105],{"class":104},[94,64054,22891],{"class":913},[94,64056,149],{"class":108},[94,64058,381],{"class":152},[94,64060,316],{"class":108},[94,64062,64063],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,64064,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,64066,64067,64069,64071,64073],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,64068,326],{"class":145},[94,64070,149],{"class":108},[94,64072,381],{"class":152},[94,64074,316],{"class":108},[94,64076,64077,64079,64081,64083],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,64078,326],{"class":145},[94,64080,149],{"class":108},[94,64082,14658],{"class":152},[94,64084,316],{"class":108},[94,64086,64087,64089,64091,64093,64095,64097],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,64088,326],{"class":145},[94,64090,149],{"class":108},[94,64092,12413],{"class":152},[94,64094,12519],{"class":4221},[94,64096,14712],{"class":152},[94,64098,316],{"class":108},[24,64100,371],{},[85,64102,64104],{"className":87,"code":64103,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3]\nFalse\n",[15,64105,64106,64122,64138],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,64107,64108,64110,64112,64114,64116,64118,64120],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,64109,539],{"class":108},[94,64111,412],{"class":112},[94,64113,116],{"class":108},[94,64115,124],{"class":112},[94,64117,116],{"class":108},[94,64119,421],{"class":112},[94,64121,127],{"class":108},[94,64123,64124,64126,64128,64130,64132,64134,64136],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,64125,539],{"class":108},[94,64127,412],{"class":112},[94,64129,116],{"class":108},[94,64131,124],{"class":112},[94,64133,116],{"class":108},[94,64135,421],{"class":112},[94,64137,127],{"class":108},[94,64139,64140],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,64141,4386],{"class":1224},[24,64143,64144,64145,64147],{},"This means ",[15,64146,14658],{}," is a different list object.",[24,64149,64150,64151,64153],{},"However, this is only a ",[43,64152,13176],{},". Nested items are still shared:",[85,64155,64157],{"className":87,"code":64156,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = list(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,64158,64159,64185,64199,64203,64221,64225,64235],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,64160,64161,64163,64165,64167,64169,64171,64173,64175,64177,64179,64181,64183],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,64162,12413],{"class":100},[94,64164,105],{"class":104},[94,64166,56618],{"class":108},[94,64168,412],{"class":112},[94,64170,116],{"class":108},[94,64172,124],{"class":112},[94,64174,18392],{"class":108},[94,64176,109],{"class":108},[94,64178,113],{"class":112},[94,64180,116],{"class":108},[94,64182,624],{"class":112},[94,64184,53571],{"class":108},[94,64186,64187,64189,64191,64193,64195,64197],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,64188,14639],{"class":100},[94,64190,105],{"class":104},[94,64192,22891],{"class":913},[94,64194,149],{"class":108},[94,64196,381],{"class":152},[94,64198,316],{"class":108},[94,64200,64201],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,64202,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,64204,64205,64207,64209,64211,64213,64215,64217,64219],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,64206,14658],{"class":100},[94,64208,539],{"class":108},[94,64210,2476],{"class":112},[94,64212,13877],{"class":108},[94,64214,13880],{"class":152},[94,64216,149],{"class":108},[94,64218,56671],{"class":112},[94,64220,316],{"class":108},[94,64222,64223],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,64224,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,64226,64227,64229,64231,64233],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,64228,326],{"class":145},[94,64230,149],{"class":108},[94,64232,381],{"class":152},[94,64234,316],{"class":108},[94,64236,64237,64239,64241,64243],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,64238,326],{"class":145},[94,64240,149],{"class":108},[94,64242,14658],{"class":152},[94,64244,316],{"class":108},[24,64246,371],{},[85,64248,64249],{"className":87,"code":56702,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,64250,64251,64277],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,64252,64253,64255,64257,64259,64261,64263,64265,64267,64269,64271,64273,64275],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,64254,56709],{"class":108},[94,64256,412],{"class":112},[94,64258,116],{"class":108},[94,64260,124],{"class":112},[94,64262,116],{"class":108},[94,64264,10529],{"class":112},[94,64266,18392],{"class":108},[94,64268,109],{"class":108},[94,64270,113],{"class":112},[94,64272,116],{"class":108},[94,64274,624],{"class":112},[94,64276,53571],{"class":108},[94,64278,64279,64281,64283,64285,64287,64289,64291,64293,64295,64297,64299,64301],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,64280,56709],{"class":108},[94,64282,412],{"class":112},[94,64284,116],{"class":108},[94,64286,124],{"class":112},[94,64288,116],{"class":108},[94,64290,10529],{"class":112},[94,64292,18392],{"class":108},[94,64294,109],{"class":108},[94,64296,113],{"class":112},[94,64298,116],{"class":108},[94,64300,624],{"class":112},[94,64302,53571],{"class":108},[24,64304,64305],{},"Both lists changed because the inner list was shared.",[24,64307,64308,64309,168],{},"For more on this, see ",[434,64310,14118],{"href":14117},[80,64312,64314],{"id":64313},"dictionary-behavior","Dictionary behavior",[24,64316,64317,64318,168],{},"Dictionaries often confuse beginners when used with ",[15,64319,25112],{},[265,64321,64323],{"id":64322},"get-dictionary-keys","Get dictionary keys",[85,64325,64327],{"className":87,"code":64326,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student))\n",[15,64328,64329,64369],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,64330,64331,64333,64335,64337,64339,64341,64343,64345,64347,64349,64351,64353,64355,64357,64359,64361,64363,64365,64367],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,64332,13189],{"class":100},[94,64334,105],{"class":104},[94,64336,10823],{"class":108},[94,64338,332],{"class":331},[94,64340,8001],{"class":335},[94,64342,332],{"class":331},[94,64344,384],{"class":108},[94,64346,1040],{"class":331},[94,64348,8256],{"class":335},[94,64350,332],{"class":331},[94,64352,116],{"class":108},[94,64354,1040],{"class":331},[94,64356,20222],{"class":335},[94,64358,332],{"class":331},[94,64360,384],{"class":108},[94,64362,1040],{"class":331},[94,64364,22576],{"class":335},[94,64366,332],{"class":331},[94,64368,9641],{"class":108},[94,64370,64371,64373,64375,64377,64379,64381],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,64372,326],{"class":145},[94,64374,149],{"class":108},[94,64376,965],{"class":913},[94,64378,149],{"class":108},[94,64380,13953],{"class":152},[94,64382,921],{"class":108},[24,64384,371],{},[85,64386,64388],{"className":87,"code":64387,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"['name', 'grade']\n",[15,64389,64390],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,64391,64392,64394,64396,64398,64400,64402,64404,64406,64408],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,64393,539],{"class":108},[94,64395,968],{"class":331},[94,64397,8001],{"class":335},[94,64399,968],{"class":331},[94,64401,116],{"class":108},[94,64403,962],{"class":331},[94,64405,20222],{"class":335},[94,64407,968],{"class":331},[94,64409,127],{"class":108},[265,64411,64413],{"id":64412},"get-dictionary-values","Get dictionary values",[85,64415,64417],{"className":87,"code":64416,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.values()))\n",[15,64418,64419,64459],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,64420,64421,64423,64425,64427,64429,64431,64433,64435,64437,64439,64441,64443,64445,64447,64449,64451,64453,64455,64457],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,64422,13189],{"class":100},[94,64424,105],{"class":104},[94,64426,10823],{"class":108},[94,64428,332],{"class":331},[94,64430,8001],{"class":335},[94,64432,332],{"class":331},[94,64434,384],{"class":108},[94,64436,1040],{"class":331},[94,64438,8256],{"class":335},[94,64440,332],{"class":331},[94,64442,116],{"class":108},[94,64444,1040],{"class":331},[94,64446,20222],{"class":335},[94,64448,332],{"class":331},[94,64450,384],{"class":108},[94,64452,1040],{"class":331},[94,64454,22576],{"class":335},[94,64456,332],{"class":331},[94,64458,9641],{"class":108},[94,64460,64461,64463,64465,64467,64469,64471,64473,64475],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,64462,326],{"class":145},[94,64464,149],{"class":108},[94,64466,965],{"class":913},[94,64468,149],{"class":108},[94,64470,13953],{"class":152},[94,64472,168],{"class":108},[94,64474,5690],{"class":152},[94,64476,6622],{"class":108},[24,64478,371],{},[85,64480,64482],{"className":87,"code":64481,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"['Mia', 'A']\n",[15,64483,64484],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,64485,64486,64488,64490,64492,64494,64496,64498,64500,64502],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,64487,539],{"class":108},[94,64489,968],{"class":331},[94,64491,8256],{"class":335},[94,64493,968],{"class":331},[94,64495,116],{"class":108},[94,64497,962],{"class":331},[94,64499,22576],{"class":335},[94,64501,968],{"class":331},[94,64503,127],{"class":108},[265,64505,64507],{"id":64506},"get-key-value-pairs","Get key-value pairs",[85,64509,64511],{"className":87,"code":64510,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.items()))\n",[15,64512,64513,64553],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,64514,64515,64517,64519,64521,64523,64525,64527,64529,64531,64533,64535,64537,64539,64541,64543,64545,64547,64549,64551],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,64516,13189],{"class":100},[94,64518,105],{"class":104},[94,64520,10823],{"class":108},[94,64522,332],{"class":331},[94,64524,8001],{"class":335},[94,64526,332],{"class":331},[94,64528,384],{"class":108},[94,64530,1040],{"class":331},[94,64532,8256],{"class":335},[94,64534,332],{"class":331},[94,64536,116],{"class":108},[94,64538,1040],{"class":331},[94,64540,20222],{"class":335},[94,64542,332],{"class":331},[94,64544,384],{"class":108},[94,64546,1040],{"class":331},[94,64548,22576],{"class":335},[94,64550,332],{"class":331},[94,64552,9641],{"class":108},[94,64554,64555,64557,64559,64561,64563,64565,64567,64569],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,64556,326],{"class":145},[94,64558,149],{"class":108},[94,64560,965],{"class":913},[94,64562,149],{"class":108},[94,64564,13953],{"class":152},[94,64566,168],{"class":108},[94,64568,8144],{"class":152},[94,64570,6622],{"class":108},[24,64572,371],{},[85,64574,64576],{"className":87,"code":64575,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"[('name', 'Mia'), ('grade', 'A')]\n",[15,64577,64578],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,64579,64580,64582,64584,64586,64588,64590,64592,64594,64596,64598,64600,64602,64604,64606,64608,64610,64612,64614],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,64581,22071],{"class":108},[94,64583,968],{"class":331},[94,64585,8001],{"class":335},[94,64587,968],{"class":331},[94,64589,116],{"class":108},[94,64591,962],{"class":331},[94,64593,8256],{"class":335},[94,64595,968],{"class":331},[94,64597,9566],{"class":108},[94,64599,854],{"class":108},[94,64601,968],{"class":331},[94,64603,20222],{"class":335},[94,64605,968],{"class":331},[94,64607,116],{"class":108},[94,64609,962],{"class":331},[94,64611,22576],{"class":335},[94,64613,968],{"class":331},[94,64615,9581],{"class":108},[24,64617,64618],{},"This is helpful when you need the keys, values, or pairs in list form.",[80,64620,64622],{"id":64621},"when-to-use-list","When to use list()",[24,64624,54,64625,822],{},[15,64626,25112],{},[28,64628,64629,64636,64645],{},[31,64630,64631,64632,2167,64634],{},"you need list methods like ",[15,64633,52982],{},[15,64635,449],{},[31,64637,64638,64639,2167,64641,64644],{},"you want to convert ",[15,64640,36526],{},[15,64642,64643],{},"zip()"," results into a visible list",[31,64646,64647],{},"another function gives you an iterable, but you need a real list",[24,64649,46372,64650,384],{},[15,64651,64643],{},[85,64653,64655],{"className":87,"code":64654,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,64656,64657,64681,64697,64701,64724],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,64658,64659,64661,64663,64665,64667,64669,64671,64673,64675,64677,64679],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,64660,1024],{"class":100},[94,64662,105],{"class":104},[94,64664,109],{"class":108},[94,64666,332],{"class":331},[94,64668,13206],{"class":335},[94,64670,332],{"class":331},[94,64672,116],{"class":108},[94,64674,1040],{"class":331},[94,64676,36268],{"class":335},[94,64678,332],{"class":331},[94,64680,127],{"class":108},[94,64682,64683,64685,64687,64689,64691,64693,64695],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,64684,5401],{"class":100},[94,64686,105],{"class":104},[94,64688,109],{"class":108},[94,64690,13829],{"class":112},[94,64692,116],{"class":108},[94,64694,13834],{"class":112},[94,64696,127],{"class":108},[94,64698,64699],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,64700,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,64702,64703,64705,64707,64709,64711,64714,64716,64718,64720,64722],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,64704,9548],{"class":100},[94,64706,105],{"class":104},[94,64708,22891],{"class":913},[94,64710,149],{"class":108},[94,64712,64713],{"class":145},"zip",[94,64715,149],{"class":108},[94,64717,1065],{"class":152},[94,64719,116],{"class":108},[94,64721,5448],{"class":152},[94,64723,921],{"class":108},[94,64725,64726,64728,64730,64732],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,64727,326],{"class":145},[94,64729,149],{"class":108},[94,64731,9594],{"class":152},[94,64733,316],{"class":108},[24,64735,371],{},[85,64737,64739],{"className":87,"code":64738,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n",[15,64740,64741],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,64742,64743,64745,64747,64749,64751,64753,64755,64757,64759,64761,64763,64765,64767,64769],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,64744,22071],{"class":108},[94,64746,968],{"class":331},[94,64748,13206],{"class":335},[94,64750,968],{"class":331},[94,64752,116],{"class":108},[94,64754,20229],{"class":112},[94,64756,9566],{"class":108},[94,64758,854],{"class":108},[94,64760,968],{"class":331},[94,64762,36268],{"class":335},[94,64764,968],{"class":331},[94,64766,116],{"class":108},[94,64768,13834],{"class":112},[94,64770,9581],{"class":108},[24,64772,64773,64774,64776,64777,168],{},"After you have a list, you can work with list methods such as ",[15,64775,52982],{},". For a practical next step, see ",[434,64778,53378],{"href":53377},[80,64780,4862],{"id":4861},[24,64782,57100,64783,168],{},[15,64784,25112],{},[265,64786,64788],{"id":64787},"passing-multiple-values-directly","Passing multiple values directly",[24,64790,4869],{},[85,64792,64794],{"className":87,"code":64793,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"# Wrong\nlist(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,64795,64796,64800],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,64797,64798],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,64799,4879],{"class":159},[94,64801,64802,64804,64806,64808,64810,64812,64814,64816],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,64803,965],{"class":913},[94,64805,149],{"class":108},[94,64807,412],{"class":112},[94,64809,116],{"class":108},[94,64811,124],{"class":112},[94,64813,116],{"class":108},[94,64815,421],{"class":112},[94,64817,316],{"class":108},[24,64819,64820,64822],{},[15,64821,25112],{}," accepts one iterable, not several separate values.",[24,64824,19025],{},[85,64826,64828],{"className":87,"code":64827,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(list((1, 2, 3)))\n",[15,64829,64830],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,64831,64832,64834,64836,64838,64840,64842,64844,64846,64848,64850],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,64833,326],{"class":145},[94,64835,149],{"class":108},[94,64837,965],{"class":913},[94,64839,5842],{"class":108},[94,64841,412],{"class":112},[94,64843,116],{"class":108},[94,64845,124],{"class":112},[94,64847,116],{"class":108},[94,64849,421],{"class":112},[94,64851,3268],{"class":108},[265,64853,64855,64856],{"id":64854},"expecting-listhello-to-return-hello","Expecting list(\"hello\") to return ",[94,64857,64858],{},"\"hello\"",[24,64860,64861],{},"This is a common surprise:",[85,64863,64865],{"className":87,"code":64864,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(list(\"hello\"))\n",[15,64866,64867],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,64868,64869,64871,64873,64875,64877,64879,64881,64883],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,64870,326],{"class":145},[94,64872,149],{"class":108},[94,64874,965],{"class":913},[94,64876,149],{"class":108},[94,64878,332],{"class":331},[94,64880,4190],{"class":335},[94,64882,332],{"class":331},[94,64884,921],{"class":108},[24,64886,371],{},[85,64888,64890],{"className":87,"code":64889,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o']\n",[15,64891,64892],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,64893,64894,64896,64898,64900,64902,64904,64906,64908,64910,64912,64914,64916,64918,64920,64922,64924,64926,64928,64930,64932,64934],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,64895,539],{"class":108},[94,64897,968],{"class":331},[94,64899,60763],{"class":335},[94,64901,968],{"class":331},[94,64903,116],{"class":108},[94,64905,962],{"class":331},[94,64907,60772],{"class":335},[94,64909,968],{"class":331},[94,64911,116],{"class":108},[94,64913,962],{"class":331},[94,64915,60781],{"class":335},[94,64917,968],{"class":331},[94,64919,116],{"class":108},[94,64921,962],{"class":331},[94,64923,60781],{"class":335},[94,64925,968],{"class":331},[94,64927,116],{"class":108},[94,64929,962],{"class":331},[94,64931,60798],{"class":335},[94,64933,968],{"class":331},[94,64935,127],{"class":108},[24,64937,64938],{},"A string is iterable, so Python takes one character at a time.",[24,64940,64941],{},"If you want a list with one string item, write:",[85,64943,64945],{"className":87,"code":64944,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print([\"hello\"])\n",[15,64946,64947],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,64948,64949,64951,64953,64955,64957,64959],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,64950,326],{"class":145},[94,64952,3342],{"class":108},[94,64954,332],{"class":331},[94,64956,4190],{"class":335},[94,64958,332],{"class":331},[94,64960,4234],{"class":108},[265,64962,64964],{"id":64963},"assuming-listdict-returns-values","Assuming list(dict) returns values",[24,64966,64967],{},"This:",[85,64969,64971],{"className":87,"code":64970,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(list(data))\n",[15,64972,64973,65005],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,64974,64975,64977,64979,64981,64983,64985,64987,64989,64991,64993,64995,64997,64999,65001,65003],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,64976,9499],{"class":100},[94,64978,105],{"class":104},[94,64980,10823],{"class":108},[94,64982,332],{"class":331},[94,64984,434],{"class":335},[94,64986,332],{"class":331},[94,64988,384],{"class":108},[94,64990,119],{"class":112},[94,64992,116],{"class":108},[94,64994,1040],{"class":331},[94,64996,1937],{"class":335},[94,64998,332],{"class":331},[94,65000,384],{"class":108},[94,65002,124],{"class":112},[94,65004,9641],{"class":108},[94,65006,65007,65009,65011,65013,65015,65017],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,65008,326],{"class":145},[94,65010,149],{"class":108},[94,65012,965],{"class":913},[94,65014,149],{"class":108},[94,65016,9537],{"class":152},[94,65018,921],{"class":108},[24,65020,65021],{},"returns the keys, not the values.",[24,65023,54,65024,65027],{},[15,65025,65026],{},"list(data.values())"," if you want values.",[265,65029,65031],{"id":65030},"thinking-list-makes-a-deep-copy","Thinking list() makes a deep copy",[24,65033,65034,65036],{},[15,65035,25112],{}," copies the outer list only.",[24,65038,65039],{},"If the list contains nested mutable items, those inner items are still shared.",[80,65041,2160],{"id":2159},[265,65043,5514,65045,65047],{"id":65044},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-list",[94,65046],{}," and list()?",[24,65049,65050,65051,65053,65054,65056],{},"Both create a new empty list. ",[15,65052,4131],{}," is shorter. ",[15,65055,25112],{}," is often used when converting another iterable.",[265,65058,65060],{"id":65059},"why-does-listabc-split-the-string-into-characters","Why does list(\"abc\") split the string into characters?",[24,65062,65063,65064,65066],{},"A string is iterable, so ",[15,65065,25112],{}," takes each character one at a time.",[265,65068,65070],{"id":65069},"what-does-list-return-for-a-dictionary","What does list() return for a dictionary?",[24,65072,65073],{},"It returns a list of the dictionary keys.",[265,65075,65077],{"id":65076},"does-list-copy-a-list","Does list() copy a list?",[24,65079,65080],{},"Yes, but it makes a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[265,65082,65084],{"id":65083},"why-does-list5-fail","Why does list(5) fail?",[24,65086,65087,65088,65090],{},"An integer is not iterable, so ",[15,65089,25112],{}," cannot loop through it.",[80,65092,2232],{"id":2231},[28,65094,65095,65099,65104,65108,65112,65116,65120,65125],{},[31,65096,65097],{},[434,65098,986],{"href":985},[31,65100,65101],{},[434,65102,65103],{"href":36523},"Python range() function explained",[31,65105,65106],{},[434,65107,63542],{"href":63541},[31,65109,65110],{},[434,65111,63874],{"href":63873},[31,65113,65114],{},[434,65115,5551],{"href":1843},[31,65117,65118],{},[434,65119,14118],{"href":14117},[31,65121,65122],{},[434,65123,65124],{"href":52929},"How to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[31,65126,65127],{},[434,65128,54606],{"href":53377},[2260,65130,65131],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":90,"searchDepth":130,"depth":130,"links":65133},[65134,65135,65136,65137,65138,65145,65146,65147,65152,65153,65160,65168],{"id":2360,"depth":130,"text":2361},{"id":63245,"depth":130,"text":63246},{"id":2513,"depth":130,"text":2514},{"id":59944,"depth":130,"text":59945},{"id":63472,"depth":130,"text":63473,"children":65139},[65140,65141,65142,65143,65144],{"id":63476,"depth":137,"text":63477},{"id":63545,"depth":137,"text":63546},{"id":63623,"depth":137,"text":63624},{"id":63698,"depth":137,"text":63699},{"id":63765,"depth":137,"text":63766},{"id":63877,"depth":130,"text":63878},{"id":64013,"depth":130,"text":64014},{"id":64313,"depth":130,"text":64314,"children":65148},[65149,65150,65151],{"id":64322,"depth":137,"text":64323},{"id":64412,"depth":137,"text":64413},{"id":64506,"depth":137,"text":64507},{"id":64621,"depth":130,"text":64622},{"id":4861,"depth":130,"text":4862,"children":65154},[65155,65156,65158,65159],{"id":64787,"depth":137,"text":64788},{"id":64854,"depth":137,"text":65157},"Expecting list(\"hello\") to return \"hello\"",{"id":64963,"depth":137,"text":64964},{"id":65030,"depth":137,"text":65031},{"id":2159,"depth":130,"text":2160,"children":65161},[65162,65164,65165,65166,65167],{"id":65044,"depth":137,"text":65163},"What is the difference between  and list()?",{"id":65059,"depth":137,"text":65060},{"id":65069,"depth":137,"text":65070},{"id":65076,"depth":137,"text":65077},{"id":65083,"depth":137,"text":65084},{"id":2231,"depth":130,"text":2232},"Master python list function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained",{"title":63079,"description":65169},"reference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained","YS2GFSTuQJD-E7GkMfcZR7-V24TSmh15u2hjKR2n6nE",{"id":65176,"title":65177,"body":65178,"description":66529,"extension":2319,"meta":66530,"navigation":133,"path":66531,"seo":66532,"stem":66533,"__hash__":66534},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method.md","Python List index() Method",{"type":7,"value":65179,"toc":66503},[65180,65185,65191,65200,65202,65275,65284,65289,65293,65309,65313,65315,65317,65336,65339,65367,65370,65395,65403,65405,65410,65417,65419,65476,65478,65486,65492,65496,65499,65572,65574,65582,65585,65608,65615,65621,65625,65631,65702,65704,65712,65721,65728,65735,65743,65887,65889,65906,65909,65948,65951,65955,65960,65962,66021,66027,66030,66137,66139,66154,66157,66164,66166,66170,66318,66321,66382,66385,66388,66409,66414,66418,66429,66432,66434,66439,66442,66450,66455,66461,66464,66470,66478,66480,66500],[10,65181,54670,65183,11651],{"id":65182},"python-list-index-method",[15,65184,59292],{},[24,65186,65187,65190],{},[15,65188,65189],{},"list.index()"," finds the position of a value in a list.",[24,65192,65193,65194,65197,65198,168],{},"Use it when you have a list and want to know where a specific item appears. It returns the index of the ",[43,65195,65196],{},"first matching item",". If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,65199,41034],{},[80,65201,83],{"id":82},[85,65203,65205],{"className":87,"code":65204,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = items.index(\"banana\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,65206,65207,65239,65262],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,65208,65209,65211,65213,65215,65217,65219,65221,65223,65225,65227,65229,65231,65233,65235,65237],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,65210,8113],{"class":100},[94,65212,105],{"class":104},[94,65214,109],{"class":108},[94,65216,332],{"class":331},[94,65218,1332],{"class":335},[94,65220,332],{"class":331},[94,65222,116],{"class":108},[94,65224,1040],{"class":331},[94,65226,4432],{"class":335},[94,65228,332],{"class":331},[94,65230,116],{"class":108},[94,65232,1040],{"class":331},[94,65234,4441],{"class":335},[94,65236,332],{"class":331},[94,65238,127],{"class":108},[94,65240,65241,65244,65246,65248,65250,65252,65254,65256,65258,65260],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,65242,65243],{"class":100},"position ",[94,65245,105],{"class":104},[94,65247,6297],{"class":100},[94,65249,168],{"class":108},[94,65251,36174],{"class":152},[94,65253,149],{"class":108},[94,65255,332],{"class":331},[94,65257,4432],{"class":335},[94,65259,332],{"class":331},[94,65261,316],{"class":108},[94,65263,65264,65266,65268,65271,65273],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,65265,326],{"class":145},[94,65267,149],{"class":108},[94,65269,65270],{"class":152},"position",[94,65272,156],{"class":108},[94,65274,28111],{"class":159},[24,65276,54,65277,65280,65281,65283],{},[15,65278,65279],{},"list.index(value)"," to get the position of the first matching item. It raises ",[15,65282,41034],{}," if the item is not found.",[80,65285,215,65287,218],{"id":65286},"what-listindex-does",[15,65288,65189],{},[24,65290,65291,384],{},[15,65292,65189],{},[28,65294,65295,65298,65301,65306],{},[31,65296,65297],{},"Finds the position of a value in a list",[31,65299,65300],{},"Returns the index of the first matching item",[31,65302,65303,65304],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at position ",[15,65305,2476],{},[31,65307,65308],{},"Works only if the value exists in the list",[24,65310,54895,65311,168],{},[434,65312,986],{"href":54898},[80,65314,2514],{"id":2513},[24,65316,31056],{},[85,65318,65320],{"className":87,"code":65319,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"my_list.index(value)\n",[15,65321,65322],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,65323,65324,65326,65328,65330,65332,65334],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,65325,594],{"class":100},[94,65327,168],{"class":108},[94,65329,36174],{"class":152},[94,65331,149],{"class":108},[94,65333,2829],{"class":152},[94,65335,316],{"class":108},[24,65337,65338],{},"You can also limit the search:",[85,65340,65342],{"className":87,"code":65341,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"my_list.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,65343,65344],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,65345,65346,65348,65350,65352,65354,65356,65358,65360,65362,65365],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,65347,594],{"class":100},[94,65349,168],{"class":108},[94,65351,36174],{"class":152},[94,65353,149],{"class":108},[94,65355,2829],{"class":152},[94,65357,116],{"class":108},[94,65359,36379],{"class":152},[94,65361,116],{"class":108},[94,65363,65364],{"class":152}," end",[94,65366,316],{"class":108},[24,65368,65369],{},"Here is what each part means:",[28,65371,65372,65377,65382,65387],{},[31,65373,65374,65376],{},[15,65375,2829],{},": the item to search for",[31,65378,65379,65381],{},[15,65380,36400],{},": where the search begins",[31,65383,65384,65386],{},[15,65385,52990],{},": where the search stops",[31,65388,65389,5126,65391,65394],{},[15,65390,52990],{},[43,65392,65393],{},"not included"," in the search range",[24,65396,65397,65398,65400,65401,168],{},"This means Python searches from ",[15,65399,36400],{}," up to, but not including, ",[15,65402,52990],{},[80,65404,38350],{"id":38349},[24,65406,65407,65409],{},[15,65408,65189],{}," returns an integer.",[24,65411,65412,65413,65416],{},"That integer is the position of the ",[43,65414,65415],{},"first match"," in the list.",[24,65418,2566],{},[85,65420,65422],{"className":87,"code":65421,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = numbers.index(20)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,65423,65424,65444,65462,65466],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,65425,65426,65428,65430,65432,65434,65436,65438,65440,65442],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,65427,101],{"class":100},[94,65429,105],{"class":104},[94,65431,109],{"class":108},[94,65433,2688],{"class":112},[94,65435,116],{"class":108},[94,65437,8124],{"class":112},[94,65439,116],{"class":108},[94,65441,8129],{"class":112},[94,65443,127],{"class":108},[94,65445,65446,65448,65450,65452,65454,65456,65458,65460],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,65447,305],{"class":100},[94,65449,105],{"class":104},[94,65451,343],{"class":100},[94,65453,168],{"class":108},[94,65455,36174],{"class":152},[94,65457,149],{"class":108},[94,65459,16082],{"class":112},[94,65461,316],{"class":108},[94,65463,65464],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,65465,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,65467,65468,65470,65472,65474],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,65469,326],{"class":145},[94,65471,149],{"class":108},[94,65473,902],{"class":152},[94,65475,316],{"class":108},[24,65477,371],{},[85,65479,65480],{"className":87,"code":47248,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,65481,65482],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,65483,65484],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,65485,47248],{"class":112},[24,65487,65488,65489,65491],{},"If the same value appears more than once, ",[15,65490,59292],{}," still returns only the first matching position.",[80,65493,65495],{"id":65494},"example-find-an-item-in-a-list","Example: find an item in a list",[24,65497,65498],{},"Here is a simple example with strings:",[85,65500,65502],{"className":87,"code":65501,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = fruits.index(\"cherry\")\n\nprint(position)\n",[15,65503,65504,65536,65558,65562],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,65505,65506,65508,65510,65512,65514,65516,65518,65520,65522,65524,65526,65528,65530,65532,65534],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,65507,36567],{"class":100},[94,65509,105],{"class":104},[94,65511,109],{"class":108},[94,65513,332],{"class":331},[94,65515,1332],{"class":335},[94,65517,332],{"class":331},[94,65519,116],{"class":108},[94,65521,1040],{"class":331},[94,65523,4432],{"class":335},[94,65525,332],{"class":331},[94,65527,116],{"class":108},[94,65529,1040],{"class":331},[94,65531,4441],{"class":335},[94,65533,332],{"class":331},[94,65535,127],{"class":108},[94,65537,65538,65540,65542,65544,65546,65548,65550,65552,65554,65556],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,65539,65243],{"class":100},[94,65541,105],{"class":104},[94,65543,53180],{"class":100},[94,65545,168],{"class":108},[94,65547,36174],{"class":152},[94,65549,149],{"class":108},[94,65551,332],{"class":331},[94,65553,4441],{"class":335},[94,65555,332],{"class":331},[94,65557,316],{"class":108},[94,65559,65560],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,65561,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,65563,65564,65566,65568,65570],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,65565,326],{"class":145},[94,65567,149],{"class":108},[94,65569,65270],{"class":152},[94,65571,316],{"class":108},[24,65573,371],{},[85,65575,65576],{"className":87,"code":17385,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,65577,65578],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,65579,65580],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,65581,17385],{"class":112},[24,65583,65584],{},"In this list:",[28,65586,65587,65594,65601],{},[31,65588,65589,65591,65592],{},[15,65590,58157],{}," is at index ",[15,65593,2476],{},[31,65595,65596,65591,65599],{},[15,65597,65598],{},"\"banana\"",[15,65600,412],{},[31,65602,65603,65591,65606],{},[15,65604,65605],{},"\"cherry\"",[15,65607,763],{},[24,65609,53981,65610,74,65613,168],{},[15,65611,65612],{},"fruits.index(\"cherry\")",[15,65614,763],{},[24,65616,51872,65617,168],{},[434,65618,65620],{"href":65619},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python","how to find an item in a list in Python",[80,65622,65624],{"id":65623},"example-list-with-duplicate-values","Example: list with duplicate values",[24,65626,65627,65628,65630],{},"If a list contains the same value more than once, ",[15,65629,59292],{}," returns the first match only.",[85,65632,65634],{"className":87,"code":65633,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\n\nprint(colors.index(\"red\"))\n",[15,65635,65636,65676,65680],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,65637,65638,65640,65642,65644,65646,65648,65650,65652,65654,65656,65658,65660,65662,65664,65666,65668,65670,65672,65674],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,65639,13402],{"class":100},[94,65641,105],{"class":104},[94,65643,109],{"class":108},[94,65645,332],{"class":331},[94,65647,13419],{"class":335},[94,65649,332],{"class":331},[94,65651,116],{"class":108},[94,65653,1040],{"class":331},[94,65655,13436],{"class":335},[94,65657,332],{"class":331},[94,65659,116],{"class":108},[94,65661,1040],{"class":331},[94,65663,13419],{"class":335},[94,65665,332],{"class":331},[94,65667,116],{"class":108},[94,65669,1040],{"class":331},[94,65671,17785],{"class":335},[94,65673,332],{"class":331},[94,65675,127],{"class":108},[94,65677,65678],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,65679,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,65681,65682,65684,65686,65688,65690,65692,65694,65696,65698,65700],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,65683,326],{"class":145},[94,65685,149],{"class":108},[94,65687,17832],{"class":152},[94,65689,168],{"class":108},[94,65691,36174],{"class":152},[94,65693,149],{"class":108},[94,65695,332],{"class":331},[94,65697,13419],{"class":335},[94,65699,332],{"class":331},[94,65701,921],{"class":108},[24,65703,371],{},[85,65705,65706],{"className":87,"code":47583,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,65707,65708],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,65709,65710],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,65711,47583],{"class":112},[24,65713,21309,65714,65717,65718,65720],{},[15,65715,65716],{},"\"red\""," appears again later, Python returns ",[15,65719,2476],{}," because that is the first matching position.",[24,65722,65723,65724,168],{},"If you need to count how many times a value appears, use ",[434,65725,55847,65726,567],{"href":59351},[15,65727,57614],{},[80,65729,1484,65731,1139,65733],{"id":65730},"using-start-and-end",[15,65732,36400],{},[15,65734,52990],{},[24,65736,65737,65738,1139,65740,65742],{},"The optional ",[15,65739,36400],{},[15,65741,52990],{}," arguments let you search only part of a list.",[85,65744,65746],{"className":87,"code":65745,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\"]\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # first match\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # search starting at index 2\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4))  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[15,65747,65748,65796,65800,65825,65854],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,65749,65750,65752,65754,65756,65758,65760,65762,65764,65766,65768,65770,65772,65774,65776,65778,65780,65782,65784,65786,65788,65790,65792,65794],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,65751,36418],{"class":100},[94,65753,105],{"class":104},[94,65755,109],{"class":108},[94,65757,332],{"class":331},[94,65759,434],{"class":335},[94,65761,332],{"class":331},[94,65763,116],{"class":108},[94,65765,1040],{"class":331},[94,65767,1937],{"class":335},[94,65769,332],{"class":331},[94,65771,116],{"class":108},[94,65773,1040],{"class":331},[94,65775,1946],{"class":335},[94,65777,332],{"class":331},[94,65779,116],{"class":108},[94,65781,1040],{"class":331},[94,65783,1937],{"class":335},[94,65785,332],{"class":331},[94,65787,116],{"class":108},[94,65789,1040],{"class":331},[94,65791,19098],{"class":335},[94,65793,332],{"class":331},[94,65795,127],{"class":108},[94,65797,65798],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,65799,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,65801,65802,65804,65806,65808,65810,65812,65814,65816,65818,65820,65822],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,65803,326],{"class":145},[94,65805,149],{"class":108},[94,65807,36471],{"class":152},[94,65809,168],{"class":108},[94,65811,36174],{"class":152},[94,65813,149],{"class":108},[94,65815,332],{"class":331},[94,65817,1937],{"class":335},[94,65819,332],{"class":331},[94,65821,5693],{"class":108},[94,65823,65824],{"class":159},"        # first match\n",[94,65826,65827,65829,65831,65833,65835,65837,65839,65841,65843,65845,65847,65849,65851],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,65828,326],{"class":145},[94,65830,149],{"class":108},[94,65832,36471],{"class":152},[94,65834,168],{"class":108},[94,65836,36174],{"class":152},[94,65838,149],{"class":108},[94,65840,332],{"class":331},[94,65842,1937],{"class":335},[94,65844,332],{"class":331},[94,65846,116],{"class":108},[94,65848,124],{"class":112},[94,65850,5693],{"class":108},[94,65852,65853],{"class":159},"     # search starting at index 2\n",[94,65855,65856,65858,65860,65862,65864,65866,65868,65870,65872,65874,65876,65878,65880,65882,65884],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,65857,326],{"class":145},[94,65859,149],{"class":108},[94,65861,36471],{"class":152},[94,65863,168],{"class":108},[94,65865,36174],{"class":152},[94,65867,149],{"class":108},[94,65869,332],{"class":331},[94,65871,1937],{"class":335},[94,65873,332],{"class":331},[94,65875,116],{"class":108},[94,65877,119],{"class":112},[94,65879,116],{"class":108},[94,65881,624],{"class":112},[94,65883,5693],{"class":108},[94,65885,65886],{"class":159},"  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[24,65888,371],{},[85,65890,65892],{"className":87,"code":65891,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"1\n3\n1\n",[15,65893,65894,65898,65902],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,65895,65896],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,65897,47248],{"class":112},[94,65899,65900],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,65901,46948],{"class":112},[94,65903,65904],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,65905,47248],{"class":112},[24,65907,65908],{},"How this works:",[28,65910,65911,65923,65936],{},[31,65912,65913,65916,65917,65920,65921],{},[15,65914,65915],{},"letters.index(\"b\")"," searches the whole list and returns the first ",[15,65918,65919],{},"\"b\""," at index ",[15,65922,412],{},[31,65924,65925,65928,65929,65931,65932,65920,65934],{},[15,65926,65927],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 2)"," starts searching at index ",[15,65930,763],{},", so it finds the next ",[15,65933,65919],{},[15,65935,113],{},[31,65937,65938,65941,65942,2547,65944,17401,65946],{},[15,65939,65940],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4)"," searches indexes ",[15,65943,412],{},[15,65945,763],{},[15,65947,113],{},[24,65949,65950],{},"This is useful when you want to skip earlier items and find a later match.",[80,65952,65954],{"id":65953},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-missing","What happens if the value is missing",[24,65956,65957,65958,168],{},"If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,65959,41034],{},[24,65961,2566],{},[85,65963,65965],{"className":87,"code":65964,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(items.index(\"orange\"))\n",[15,65966,65967,65999],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,65968,65969,65971,65973,65975,65977,65979,65981,65983,65985,65987,65989,65991,65993,65995,65997],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,65970,8113],{"class":100},[94,65972,105],{"class":104},[94,65974,109],{"class":108},[94,65976,332],{"class":331},[94,65978,1332],{"class":335},[94,65980,332],{"class":331},[94,65982,116],{"class":108},[94,65984,1040],{"class":331},[94,65986,4432],{"class":335},[94,65988,332],{"class":331},[94,65990,116],{"class":108},[94,65992,1040],{"class":331},[94,65994,4441],{"class":335},[94,65996,332],{"class":331},[94,65998,127],{"class":108},[94,66000,66001,66003,66005,66007,66009,66011,66013,66015,66017,66019],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,66002,326],{"class":145},[94,66004,149],{"class":108},[94,66006,8144],{"class":152},[94,66008,168],{"class":108},[94,66010,36174],{"class":152},[94,66012,149],{"class":108},[94,66014,332],{"class":331},[94,66016,33552],{"class":335},[94,66018,332],{"class":331},[94,66020,921],{"class":108},[24,66022,39984,66023,66026],{},[15,66024,66025],{},"\"orange\""," is not in the list.",[24,66028,66029],{},"A safer approach is to check first:",[85,66031,66033],{"className":87,"code":66032,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nsearch_value = \"orange\"\n\nif search_value in items:\n    print(items.index(search_value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Item not found\")\n",[15,66034,66035,66067,66080,66084,66097,66116,66122],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,66036,66037,66039,66041,66043,66045,66047,66049,66051,66053,66055,66057,66059,66061,66063,66065],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,66038,8113],{"class":100},[94,66040,105],{"class":104},[94,66042,109],{"class":108},[94,66044,332],{"class":331},[94,66046,1332],{"class":335},[94,66048,332],{"class":331},[94,66050,116],{"class":108},[94,66052,1040],{"class":331},[94,66054,4432],{"class":335},[94,66056,332],{"class":331},[94,66058,116],{"class":108},[94,66060,1040],{"class":331},[94,66062,4441],{"class":335},[94,66064,332],{"class":331},[94,66066,127],{"class":108},[94,66068,66069,66072,66074,66076,66078],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,66070,66071],{"class":100},"search_value ",[94,66073,105],{"class":104},[94,66075,1040],{"class":331},[94,66077,33552],{"class":335},[94,66079,1812],{"class":331},[94,66081,66082],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,66083,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,66085,66086,66088,66091,66093,66095],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,66087,7330],{"class":4221},[94,66089,66090],{"class":100}," search_value ",[94,66092,4228],{"class":104},[94,66094,6297],{"class":100},[94,66096,6726],{"class":108},[94,66098,66099,66101,66103,66105,66107,66109,66111,66114],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,66100,8404],{"class":145},[94,66102,149],{"class":108},[94,66104,8144],{"class":152},[94,66106,168],{"class":108},[94,66108,36174],{"class":152},[94,66110,149],{"class":108},[94,66112,66113],{"class":152},"search_value",[94,66115,921],{"class":108},[94,66117,66118,66120],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,66119,27765],{"class":4221},[94,66121,6726],{"class":108},[94,66123,66124,66126,66128,66130,66133,66135],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,66125,8404],{"class":145},[94,66127,149],{"class":108},[94,66129,332],{"class":331},[94,66131,66132],{"class":335},"Item not found",[94,66134,332],{"class":331},[94,66136,316],{"class":108},[24,66138,371],{},[85,66140,66142],{"className":87,"code":66141,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"Item not found\n",[15,66143,66144],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,66145,66146,66149,66151],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,66147,66148],{"class":100},"Item ",[94,66150,45],{"class":104},[94,66152,66153],{"class":100}," found\n",[24,66155,66156],{},"This avoids the error and makes your code easier to understand.",[24,66158,66159,66160,168],{},"If you want more help with this kind of problem, see ",[434,66161,66163],{"href":66162},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes","ValueError in Python: causes and fixes",[80,66165,4862],{"id":4861},[24,66167,21543,66168,384],{},[15,66169,65189],{},[28,66171,66172,66190,66202,66262],{},[31,66173,26106,66174,74,66176,66179,66180,66182,66183,2182,66185,66187,66188,168],{},[15,66175,59292],{},[15,66177,66178],{},"-1"," if the item is missing",[10178,66181],{},"\nPython does ",[43,66184,45],{},[15,66186,66178],{},". It raises ",[15,66189,41034],{},[31,66191,66192,66193,66195,66198,66199,66201],{},"Confusing the item value with the item position",[10178,66194],{},[15,66196,66197],{},"my_list.index(\"banana\")"," returns the position of ",[15,66200,65598],{},", not the value itself.",[31,66203,1484,66204,11420,66207,66209,66211,66212,16984,66214,66237,16972,66239],{},[15,66205,66206],{},"index[]",[15,66208,59292],{},[10178,66210],{},"\nThis is a method call, so you must use parentheses.",[10178,66213],{},[85,66215,66217],{"className":87,"code":66216,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"items.index(\"banana\")\n",[15,66218,66219],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,66220,66221,66223,66225,66227,66229,66231,66233,66235],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,66222,8144],{"class":100},[94,66224,168],{"class":108},[94,66226,36174],{"class":152},[94,66228,149],{"class":108},[94,66230,332],{"class":331},[94,66232,4432],{"class":335},[94,66234,332],{"class":331},[94,66236,316],{"class":108},[10178,66238],{},[85,66240,66242],{"className":87,"code":66241,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"items.index[\"banana\"]\n",[15,66243,66244],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,66245,66246,66248,66250,66252,66254,66256,66258,66260],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,66247,8144],{"class":100},[94,66249,168],{"class":108},[94,66251,36174],{"class":1377},[94,66253,539],{"class":108},[94,66255,332],{"class":331},[94,66257,4432],{"class":335},[94,66259,332],{"class":331},[94,66261,127],{"class":108},[31,66263,66264,66265,66267,1139,66270,66272,66273],{},"Searching with the wrong type",[10178,66266],{},[15,66268,66269],{},"\"3\"",[15,66271,113],{}," are different values in Python.",[85,66274,66276],{"className":87,"code":66275,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\"3\" in numbers)  # False\n",[15,66277,66278,66298],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,66279,66280,66282,66284,66286,66288,66290,66292,66294,66296],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,66281,101],{"class":100},[94,66283,105],{"class":104},[94,66285,109],{"class":108},[94,66287,412],{"class":112},[94,66289,116],{"class":108},[94,66291,124],{"class":112},[94,66293,116],{"class":108},[94,66295,421],{"class":112},[94,66297,127],{"class":108},[94,66299,66300,66302,66304,66306,66308,66310,66312,66314,66316],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,66301,326],{"class":145},[94,66303,149],{"class":108},[94,66305,332],{"class":331},[94,66307,113],{"class":335},[94,66309,332],{"class":331},[94,66311,21505],{"class":4221},[94,66313,343],{"class":152},[94,66315,156],{"class":108},[94,66317,5114],{"class":159},[24,66319,66320],{},"If your code is not working, these quick checks can help:",[85,66322,66324],{"className":87,"code":66323,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(search_value))\nprint(search_value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.index(search_value))\n",[15,66325,66326,66336,66350,66364],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,66327,66328,66330,66332,66334],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,66329,326],{"class":145},[94,66331,149],{"class":108},[94,66333,594],{"class":152},[94,66335,316],{"class":108},[94,66337,66338,66340,66342,66344,66346,66348],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,66339,326],{"class":145},[94,66341,149],{"class":108},[94,66343,914],{"class":913},[94,66345,149],{"class":108},[94,66347,66113],{"class":152},[94,66349,921],{"class":108},[94,66351,66352,66354,66356,66358,66360,66362],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,66353,326],{"class":145},[94,66355,149],{"class":108},[94,66357,66071],{"class":152},[94,66359,4228],{"class":4221},[94,66361,2043],{"class":152},[94,66363,316],{"class":108},[94,66365,66366,66368,66370,66372,66374,66376,66378,66380],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,66367,326],{"class":145},[94,66369,149],{"class":108},[94,66371,594],{"class":152},[94,66373,168],{"class":108},[94,66375,36174],{"class":152},[94,66377,149],{"class":108},[94,66379,66113],{"class":152},[94,66381,921],{"class":108},[24,66383,66384],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will still raise an error if the value is missing.",[24,66386,66387],{},"Common causes of problems include:",[28,66389,66390,66393,66400,66406],{},[31,66391,66392],{},"The searched value is not in the list",[31,66394,66395,66396,11420,66398],{},"The value exists but has a different type, such as ",[15,66397,66269],{},[15,66399,113],{},[31,66401,66402,66403,66405],{},"The code expects all matches, but ",[15,66404,59292],{}," returns only the first one",[31,66407,66408],{},"Parentheses were forgotten when calling the method",[80,66410,815,66412],{"id":66411},"when-to-use-index",[15,66413,59292],{},[24,66415,54,66416,822],{},[15,66417,59292],{},[28,66419,66420,66423,66426],{},[31,66421,66422],{},"You need the position of a known value",[31,66424,66425],{},"You are working with a small list",[31,66427,66428],{},"You only need the first matching position",[24,66430,66431],{},"Do not use it when you need every matching position. In that case, a loop or list comprehension is a better choice.",[80,66433,2160],{"id":2159},[265,66435,5479,66437,5482],{"id":66436},"what-does-listindex-return-in-python",[15,66438,65189],{},[24,66440,66441],{},"It returns the index of the first matching item in the list.",[265,66443,13029,66445,2182,66447,66449],{"id":66444},"does-listindex-return-1-if-the-value-is-not-found",[15,66446,65189],{},[15,66448,66178],{}," if the value is not found?",[24,66451,66452,66453,6963],{},"No. It raises ",[15,66454,41034],{},[265,66456,2191,66458,66460],{"id":66457},"can-listindex-find-all-matching-items",[15,66459,65189],{}," find all matching items?",[24,66462,66463],{},"No. It returns only the first match.",[265,66465,66467,66468,2170],{"id":66466},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-list-with-index","Can I search only part of a list with ",[15,66469,59292],{},[24,66471,66472,66473,1139,66475,66477],{},"Yes. You can use the optional ",[15,66474,36400],{},[15,66476,52990],{}," arguments.",[80,66479,2232],{"id":2231},[28,66481,66482,66486,66490,66494],{},[31,66483,66484],{},[434,66485,59280],{"href":65619},[31,66487,66488],{},[434,66489,986],{"href":54898},[31,66491,66492],{},[434,66493,66163],{"href":66162},[31,66495,66496],{},[434,66497,55847,66498,567],{"href":59351},[15,66499,57614],{},[2260,66501,66502],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":90,"searchDepth":130,"depth":130,"links":66504},[66505,66506,66508,66509,66510,66511,66512,66514,66515,66516,66518,66528],{"id":82,"depth":130,"text":83},{"id":65286,"depth":130,"text":66507},"What list.index() does",{"id":2513,"depth":130,"text":2514},{"id":38349,"depth":130,"text":38350},{"id":65494,"depth":130,"text":65495},{"id":65623,"depth":130,"text":65624},{"id":65730,"depth":130,"text":66513},"Using start and end",{"id":65953,"depth":130,"text":65954},{"id":4861,"depth":130,"text":4862},{"id":66411,"depth":130,"text":66517},"When to use index()",{"id":2159,"depth":130,"text":2160,"children":66519},[66520,66522,66524,66526],{"id":66436,"depth":137,"text":66521},"What does list.index() return in Python?",{"id":66444,"depth":137,"text":66523},"Does list.index() return -1 if the value is not found?",{"id":66457,"depth":137,"text":66525},"Can list.index() find all matching items?",{"id":66466,"depth":137,"text":66527},"Can I search only part of a list with index()?",{"id":2231,"depth":130,"text":2232},"Master python list index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method",{"title":65177,"description":66529},"reference\u002Fpython-list-index-method","AmwxQ3VBBVSHTCmxaOPqq2Gy26F_doVR46oMWCVmI50",{"id":66536,"title":66537,"body":66538,"description":68480,"extension":2319,"meta":68481,"navigation":133,"path":68482,"seo":68483,"stem":68484,"__hash__":68485},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method.md","Python List insert() Method",{"type":7,"value":66539,"toc":68440},[66540,66545,66550,66553,66562,66619,66625,66630,66634,66648,66654,66656,66679,66696,66698,66759,66761,66793,66806,66808,66811,66911,66913,66991,66997,67001,67009,67013,67019,67074,67076,67100,67104,67107,67160,67162,67186,67190,67193,67246,67248,67272,67276,67282,67353,67355,67396,67402,67409,67412,67417,67425,67430,67438,67440,67537,67539,67608,67615,67620,67622,67626,67631,67633,67704,67706,67735,67741,67743,67770,67773,67796,67800,67803,67825,67828,67851,67853,67913,67915,67947,67953,67958,68011,68013,68038,68041,68090,68092,68113,68117,68122,68125,68180,68182,68209,68216,68220,68225,68296,68299,68313,68318,68323,68325,68339,68351,68356,68358,68363,68368,68372,68375,68381,68387,68394,68402,68404,68437],[10,66541,54670,66543,11651],{"id":66542},"python-list-insert-method",[15,66544,54596],{},[24,66546,66547,66549],{},[15,66548,54239],{}," adds an item to a list at a specific position.",[24,66551,66552],{},"This method is useful when the position matters. For example, you may want to add a new value at the beginning of a list, in the middle, or just before the last item.",[24,66554,54,66555,66557,66558,168],{},[15,66556,54596],{}," when you need to place an item at a chosen index. If you only want to add an item at the end, see the ",[434,66559,55847,66560,567],{"href":57093},[15,66561,52982],{},[85,66563,66565],{"className":87,"code":66564,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [1, 2, 4]\nnumbers.insert(2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,66566,66567,66587,66605,66615],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,66568,66569,66571,66573,66575,66577,66579,66581,66583,66585],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,66570,101],{"class":100},[94,66572,105],{"class":104},[94,66574,109],{"class":108},[94,66576,412],{"class":112},[94,66578,116],{"class":108},[94,66580,124],{"class":112},[94,66582,116],{"class":108},[94,66584,624],{"class":112},[94,66586,127],{"class":108},[94,66588,66589,66591,66593,66595,66597,66599,66601,66603],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,66590,153],{"class":100},[94,66592,168],{"class":108},[94,66594,54279],{"class":152},[94,66596,149],{"class":108},[94,66598,763],{"class":112},[94,66600,116],{"class":108},[94,66602,421],{"class":112},[94,66604,316],{"class":108},[94,66606,66607,66609,66611,66613],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,66608,326],{"class":145},[94,66610,149],{"class":108},[94,66612,153],{"class":152},[94,66614,316],{"class":108},[94,66616,66617],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,66618,53053],{"class":159},[24,66620,54,66621,66624],{},[15,66622,66623],{},"list.insert(index, value)"," to add an item at a specific position.",[80,66626,215,66628,218],{"id":66627},"what-listinsert-does",[15,66629,54239],{},[24,66631,66632,384],{},[15,66633,54239],{},[28,66635,66636,66639,66642,66644],{},[31,66637,66638],{},"Adds one item into a list at a chosen position",[31,66640,66641],{},"Shifts existing items to the right",[31,66643,54756],{},[31,66645,11753,66646],{},[15,66647,77],{},[24,66649,66650,66651,66653],{},"That last point is important. ",[15,66652,54596],{}," does not create a new list.",[80,66655,5763],{"id":5762},[85,66657,66659],{"className":87,"code":66658,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"my_list.insert(index, item)\n",[15,66660,66661],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,66662,66663,66665,66667,66669,66671,66673,66675,66677],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,66664,594],{"class":100},[94,66666,168],{"class":108},[94,66668,54279],{"class":152},[94,66670,149],{"class":108},[94,66672,36174],{"class":152},[94,66674,116],{"class":108},[94,66676,29838],{"class":152},[94,66678,316],{"class":108},[28,66680,66681,66686,66691],{},[31,66682,66683,66685],{},[15,66684,36174],{}," is the position where the new item should go",[31,66687,66688,66690],{},[15,66689,23642],{}," is the value to add",[31,66692,66693,66694],{},"The first list position is index ",[15,66695,2476],{},[24,66697,2566],{},[85,66699,66701],{"className":87,"code":66700,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,66702,66703,66727,66749],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,66704,66705,66707,66709,66711,66713,66715,66717,66719,66721,66723,66725],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,66706,36418],{"class":100},[94,66708,105],{"class":104},[94,66710,109],{"class":108},[94,66712,332],{"class":331},[94,66714,434],{"class":335},[94,66716,332],{"class":331},[94,66718,116],{"class":108},[94,66720,1040],{"class":331},[94,66722,1946],{"class":335},[94,66724,332],{"class":331},[94,66726,127],{"class":108},[94,66728,66729,66731,66733,66735,66737,66739,66741,66743,66745,66747],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,66730,36471],{"class":100},[94,66732,168],{"class":108},[94,66734,54279],{"class":152},[94,66736,149],{"class":108},[94,66738,412],{"class":112},[94,66740,116],{"class":108},[94,66742,1040],{"class":331},[94,66744,1937],{"class":335},[94,66746,332],{"class":331},[94,66748,316],{"class":108},[94,66750,66751,66753,66755,66757],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,66752,326],{"class":145},[94,66754,149],{"class":108},[94,66756,36471],{"class":152},[94,66758,316],{"class":108},[24,66760,371],{},[85,66762,66763],{"className":87,"code":43206,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,66764,66765],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,66766,66767,66769,66771,66773,66775,66777,66779,66781,66783,66785,66787,66789,66791],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,66768,539],{"class":108},[94,66770,968],{"class":331},[94,66772,434],{"class":335},[94,66774,968],{"class":331},[94,66776,116],{"class":108},[94,66778,962],{"class":331},[94,66780,1937],{"class":335},[94,66782,968],{"class":331},[94,66784,116],{"class":108},[94,66786,962],{"class":331},[94,66788,1946],{"class":335},[94,66790,968],{"class":331},[94,66792,127],{"class":108},[24,66794,21102,66795,66797,66798,66800,66801,1139,66803,168],{},[15,66796,65919],{}," is inserted at index ",[15,66799,412],{},", so it appears between ",[15,66802,18426],{},[15,66804,66805],{},"\"c\"",[80,66807,6118],{"id":6117},[24,66809,66810],{},"Here is a simple before-and-after example:",[85,66812,66814],{"className":87,"code":66813,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\"Before:\", colors)\n\ncolors.insert(1, \"yellow\")\nprint(\"After: \", colors)\n",[15,66815,66816,66848,66866,66870,66892],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,66817,66818,66820,66822,66824,66826,66828,66830,66832,66834,66836,66838,66840,66842,66844,66846],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,66819,13402],{"class":100},[94,66821,105],{"class":104},[94,66823,109],{"class":108},[94,66825,332],{"class":331},[94,66827,13419],{"class":335},[94,66829,332],{"class":331},[94,66831,116],{"class":108},[94,66833,1040],{"class":331},[94,66835,13436],{"class":335},[94,66837,332],{"class":331},[94,66839,116],{"class":108},[94,66841,1040],{"class":331},[94,66843,17785],{"class":335},[94,66845,332],{"class":331},[94,66847,127],{"class":108},[94,66849,66850,66852,66854,66856,66858,66860,66862,66864],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,66851,326],{"class":145},[94,66853,149],{"class":108},[94,66855,332],{"class":331},[94,66857,11894],{"class":335},[94,66859,332],{"class":331},[94,66861,116],{"class":108},[94,66863,13450],{"class":152},[94,66865,316],{"class":108},[94,66867,66868],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,66869,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,66871,66872,66874,66876,66878,66880,66882,66884,66886,66888,66890],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,66873,17832],{"class":100},[94,66875,168],{"class":108},[94,66877,54279],{"class":152},[94,66879,149],{"class":108},[94,66881,412],{"class":112},[94,66883,116],{"class":108},[94,66885,1040],{"class":331},[94,66887,22855],{"class":335},[94,66889,332],{"class":331},[94,66891,316],{"class":108},[94,66893,66894,66896,66898,66900,66903,66905,66907,66909],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,66895,326],{"class":145},[94,66897,149],{"class":108},[94,66899,332],{"class":331},[94,66901,66902],{"class":335},"After: ",[94,66904,332],{"class":331},[94,66906,116],{"class":108},[94,66908,13450],{"class":152},[94,66910,316],{"class":108},[24,66912,371],{},[85,66914,66916],{"className":87,"code":66915,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"Before: ['red', 'blue', 'green']\nAfter:  ['red', 'yellow', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,66917,66918,66950],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,66919,66920,66922,66924,66926,66928,66930,66932,66934,66936,66938,66940,66942,66944,66946,66948],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,66921,11954],{"class":100},[94,66923,384],{"class":108},[94,66925,109],{"class":108},[94,66927,968],{"class":331},[94,66929,13419],{"class":335},[94,66931,968],{"class":331},[94,66933,116],{"class":108},[94,66935,962],{"class":331},[94,66937,13436],{"class":335},[94,66939,968],{"class":331},[94,66941,116],{"class":108},[94,66943,962],{"class":331},[94,66945,17785],{"class":335},[94,66947,968],{"class":331},[94,66949,127],{"class":108},[94,66951,66952,66954,66956,66959,66961,66963,66965,66967,66969,66971,66973,66975,66977,66979,66981,66983,66985,66987,66989],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,66953,12007],{"class":100},[94,66955,384],{"class":108},[94,66957,66958],{"class":108},"  [",[94,66960,968],{"class":331},[94,66962,13419],{"class":335},[94,66964,968],{"class":331},[94,66966,116],{"class":108},[94,66968,962],{"class":331},[94,66970,22855],{"class":335},[94,66972,968],{"class":331},[94,66974,116],{"class":108},[94,66976,962],{"class":331},[94,66978,13436],{"class":335},[94,66980,968],{"class":331},[94,66982,116],{"class":108},[94,66984,962],{"class":331},[94,66986,17785],{"class":335},[94,66988,968],{"class":331},[94,66990,127],{"class":108},[24,66992,66993,66994,66996],{},"The new value appears at index ",[15,66995,412],{},". The existing items from that position onward move one place to the right.",[80,66998,67000],{"id":66999},"how-the-index-works","How the index works",[24,67002,2336,67003,35657,67005,67008],{},[15,67004,36174],{},[15,67006,67007],{},"insert(index, item)"," controls where the new item is placed.",[265,67010,67012],{"id":67011},"insert-at-the-beginning","Insert at the beginning",[24,67014,67015,67016,67018],{},"Use index ",[15,67017,2476],{}," to add an item at the start of the list.",[85,67020,67022],{"className":87,"code":67021,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"nums = [2, 3, 4]\nnums.insert(0, 1)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,67023,67024,67045,67064],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,67025,67026,67029,67031,67033,67035,67037,67039,67041,67043],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,67027,67028],{"class":100},"nums ",[94,67030,105],{"class":104},[94,67032,109],{"class":108},[94,67034,763],{"class":112},[94,67036,116],{"class":108},[94,67038,421],{"class":112},[94,67040,116],{"class":108},[94,67042,624],{"class":112},[94,67044,127],{"class":108},[94,67046,67047,67050,67052,67054,67056,67058,67060,67062],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,67048,67049],{"class":100},"nums",[94,67051,168],{"class":108},[94,67053,54279],{"class":152},[94,67055,149],{"class":108},[94,67057,2476],{"class":112},[94,67059,116],{"class":108},[94,67061,119],{"class":112},[94,67063,316],{"class":108},[94,67065,67066,67068,67070,67072],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,67067,326],{"class":145},[94,67069,149],{"class":108},[94,67071,67049],{"class":152},[94,67073,316],{"class":108},[24,67075,371],{},[85,67077,67078],{"className":87,"code":53834,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,67079,67080],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,67081,67082,67084,67086,67088,67090,67092,67094,67096,67098],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,67083,539],{"class":108},[94,67085,412],{"class":112},[94,67087,116],{"class":108},[94,67089,124],{"class":112},[94,67091,116],{"class":108},[94,67093,421],{"class":112},[94,67095,116],{"class":108},[94,67097,624],{"class":112},[94,67099,127],{"class":108},[265,67101,67103],{"id":67102},"insert-in-the-middle","Insert in the middle",[24,67105,67106],{},"A middle index inserts between existing items.",[85,67108,67110],{"className":87,"code":67109,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"nums = [1, 2, 4]\nnums.insert(2, 3)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,67111,67112,67132,67150],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,67113,67114,67116,67118,67120,67122,67124,67126,67128,67130],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,67115,67028],{"class":100},[94,67117,105],{"class":104},[94,67119,109],{"class":108},[94,67121,412],{"class":112},[94,67123,116],{"class":108},[94,67125,124],{"class":112},[94,67127,116],{"class":108},[94,67129,624],{"class":112},[94,67131,127],{"class":108},[94,67133,67134,67136,67138,67140,67142,67144,67146,67148],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,67135,67049],{"class":100},[94,67137,168],{"class":108},[94,67139,54279],{"class":152},[94,67141,149],{"class":108},[94,67143,763],{"class":112},[94,67145,116],{"class":108},[94,67147,421],{"class":112},[94,67149,316],{"class":108},[94,67151,67152,67154,67156,67158],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,67153,326],{"class":145},[94,67155,149],{"class":108},[94,67157,67049],{"class":152},[94,67159,316],{"class":108},[24,67161,371],{},[85,67163,67164],{"className":87,"code":53834,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,67165,67166],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,67167,67168,67170,67172,67174,67176,67178,67180,67182,67184],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,67169,539],{"class":108},[94,67171,412],{"class":112},[94,67173,116],{"class":108},[94,67175,124],{"class":112},[94,67177,116],{"class":108},[94,67179,421],{"class":112},[94,67181,116],{"class":108},[94,67183,624],{"class":112},[94,67185,127],{"class":108},[265,67187,67189],{"id":67188},"insert-past-the-end","Insert past the end",[24,67191,67192],{},"If the index is greater than the list length, Python adds the item at the end.",[85,67194,67196],{"className":87,"code":67195,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"nums = [1, 2, 3]\nnums.insert(10, 4)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,67197,67198,67218,67236],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,67199,67200,67202,67204,67206,67208,67210,67212,67214,67216],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,67201,67028],{"class":100},[94,67203,105],{"class":104},[94,67205,109],{"class":108},[94,67207,412],{"class":112},[94,67209,116],{"class":108},[94,67211,124],{"class":112},[94,67213,116],{"class":108},[94,67215,421],{"class":112},[94,67217,127],{"class":108},[94,67219,67220,67222,67224,67226,67228,67230,67232,67234],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,67221,67049],{"class":100},[94,67223,168],{"class":108},[94,67225,54279],{"class":152},[94,67227,149],{"class":108},[94,67229,2688],{"class":112},[94,67231,116],{"class":108},[94,67233,624],{"class":112},[94,67235,316],{"class":108},[94,67237,67238,67240,67242,67244],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,67239,326],{"class":145},[94,67241,149],{"class":108},[94,67243,67049],{"class":152},[94,67245,316],{"class":108},[24,67247,371],{},[85,67249,67250],{"className":87,"code":53834,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,67251,67252],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,67253,67254,67256,67258,67260,67262,67264,67266,67268,67270],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,67255,539],{"class":108},[94,67257,412],{"class":112},[94,67259,116],{"class":108},[94,67261,124],{"class":112},[94,67263,116],{"class":108},[94,67265,421],{"class":112},[94,67267,116],{"class":108},[94,67269,624],{"class":112},[94,67271,127],{"class":108},[265,67273,67275],{"id":67274},"use-a-negative-index","Use a negative index",[24,67277,67278,67279,67281],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. ",[15,67280,54596],{}," places the item before that position.",[85,67283,67285],{"className":87,"code":67284,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"d\"]\nletters.insert(-1, \"c\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,67286,67287,67319,67343],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,67288,67289,67291,67293,67295,67297,67299,67301,67303,67305,67307,67309,67311,67313,67315,67317],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,67290,36418],{"class":100},[94,67292,105],{"class":104},[94,67294,109],{"class":108},[94,67296,332],{"class":331},[94,67298,434],{"class":335},[94,67300,332],{"class":331},[94,67302,116],{"class":108},[94,67304,1040],{"class":331},[94,67306,1937],{"class":335},[94,67308,332],{"class":331},[94,67310,116],{"class":108},[94,67312,1040],{"class":331},[94,67314,19098],{"class":335},[94,67316,332],{"class":331},[94,67318,127],{"class":108},[94,67320,67321,67323,67325,67327,67329,67331,67333,67335,67337,67339,67341],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,67322,36471],{"class":100},[94,67324,168],{"class":108},[94,67326,54279],{"class":152},[94,67328,149],{"class":108},[94,67330,2380],{"class":104},[94,67332,412],{"class":112},[94,67334,116],{"class":108},[94,67336,1040],{"class":331},[94,67338,1946],{"class":335},[94,67340,332],{"class":331},[94,67342,316],{"class":108},[94,67344,67345,67347,67349,67351],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,67346,326],{"class":145},[94,67348,149],{"class":108},[94,67350,36471],{"class":152},[94,67352,316],{"class":108},[24,67354,371],{},[85,67356,67358],{"className":87,"code":67357,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,67359,67360],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,67361,67362,67364,67366,67368,67370,67372,67374,67376,67378,67380,67382,67384,67386,67388,67390,67392,67394],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,67363,539],{"class":108},[94,67365,968],{"class":331},[94,67367,434],{"class":335},[94,67369,968],{"class":331},[94,67371,116],{"class":108},[94,67373,962],{"class":331},[94,67375,1937],{"class":335},[94,67377,968],{"class":331},[94,67379,116],{"class":108},[94,67381,962],{"class":331},[94,67383,1946],{"class":335},[94,67385,968],{"class":331},[94,67387,116],{"class":108},[94,67389,962],{"class":331},[94,67391,19098],{"class":335},[94,67393,968],{"class":331},[94,67395,127],{"class":108},[24,67397,67398,67399,2661],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with list positions, the ",[434,67400,67401],{"href":985},"Python lists beginner guide",[80,67403,67405,18,67407],{"id":67404},"insert-vs-append",[15,67406,54596],{},[15,67408,52982],{},[24,67410,67411],{},"These methods both add items to a list, but they do different jobs.",[265,67413,54,67415,822],{"id":67414},"use-insert-when",[15,67416,54596],{},[28,67418,67419,67422],{},[31,67420,67421],{},"You want to add an item at a specific position",[31,67423,67424],{},"The order of the list matters",[265,67426,54,67428,822],{"id":67427},"use-append-when",[15,67429,52982],{},[28,67431,67432,67435],{},[31,67433,67434],{},"You want to add an item only at the end",[31,67436,67437],{},"You do not need to choose a position",[24,67439,2566],{},[85,67441,67443],{"className":87,"code":67442,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"items = [\"apple\", \"orange\"]\n\nitems.insert(1, \"banana\")\nprint(items)\n\nitems.append(\"grape\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,67444,67445,67469,67473,67495,67505,67509,67527],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,67446,67447,67449,67451,67453,67455,67457,67459,67461,67463,67465,67467],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,67448,8113],{"class":100},[94,67450,105],{"class":104},[94,67452,109],{"class":108},[94,67454,332],{"class":331},[94,67456,1332],{"class":335},[94,67458,332],{"class":331},[94,67460,116],{"class":108},[94,67462,1040],{"class":331},[94,67464,33552],{"class":335},[94,67466,332],{"class":331},[94,67468,127],{"class":108},[94,67470,67471],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,67472,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,67474,67475,67477,67479,67481,67483,67485,67487,67489,67491,67493],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,67476,8144],{"class":100},[94,67478,168],{"class":108},[94,67480,54279],{"class":152},[94,67482,149],{"class":108},[94,67484,412],{"class":112},[94,67486,116],{"class":108},[94,67488,1040],{"class":331},[94,67490,4432],{"class":335},[94,67492,332],{"class":331},[94,67494,316],{"class":108},[94,67496,67497,67499,67501,67503],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,67498,326],{"class":145},[94,67500,149],{"class":108},[94,67502,8144],{"class":152},[94,67504,316],{"class":108},[94,67506,67507],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,67508,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,67510,67511,67513,67515,67517,67519,67521,67523,67525],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,67512,8144],{"class":100},[94,67514,168],{"class":108},[94,67516,13880],{"class":152},[94,67518,149],{"class":108},[94,67520,332],{"class":331},[94,67522,22864],{"class":335},[94,67524,332],{"class":331},[94,67526,316],{"class":108},[94,67528,67529,67531,67533,67535],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,67530,326],{"class":145},[94,67532,149],{"class":108},[94,67534,8144],{"class":152},[94,67536,316],{"class":108},[24,67538,371],{},[85,67540,67542],{"className":87,"code":67541,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,67543,67544,67572],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,67545,67546,67548,67550,67552,67554,67556,67558,67560,67562,67564,67566,67568,67570],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,67547,539],{"class":108},[94,67549,968],{"class":331},[94,67551,1332],{"class":335},[94,67553,968],{"class":331},[94,67555,116],{"class":108},[94,67557,962],{"class":331},[94,67559,4432],{"class":335},[94,67561,968],{"class":331},[94,67563,116],{"class":108},[94,67565,962],{"class":331},[94,67567,33552],{"class":335},[94,67569,968],{"class":331},[94,67571,127],{"class":108},[94,67573,67574,67576,67578,67580,67582,67584,67586,67588,67590,67592,67594,67596,67598,67600,67602,67604,67606],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,67575,539],{"class":108},[94,67577,968],{"class":331},[94,67579,1332],{"class":335},[94,67581,968],{"class":331},[94,67583,116],{"class":108},[94,67585,962],{"class":331},[94,67587,4432],{"class":335},[94,67589,968],{"class":331},[94,67591,116],{"class":108},[94,67593,962],{"class":331},[94,67595,33552],{"class":335},[94,67597,968],{"class":331},[94,67599,116],{"class":108},[94,67601,962],{"class":331},[94,67603,22864],{"class":335},[94,67605,968],{"class":331},[94,67607,127],{"class":108},[24,67609,67610,67611,168],{},"For the full method details, see the ",[434,67612,55847,67613,567],{"href":57093},[15,67614,52982],{},[24,67616,67617,67618,168],{},"If your goal is the task itself rather than the method details, see ",[434,67619,53378],{"href":53377},[80,67621,4862],{"id":4861},[24,67623,15061,67624,168],{},[15,67625,54596],{},[265,67627,12920,67629],{"id":67628},"assigning-the-result-of-insert",[15,67630,54596],{},[24,67632,26022],{},[85,67634,67636],{"className":87,"code":67635,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67637,67638,67658,67680,67684,67694],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,67639,67640,67642,67644,67646,67648,67650,67652,67654,67656],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,67641,101],{"class":100},[94,67643,105],{"class":104},[94,67645,109],{"class":108},[94,67647,412],{"class":112},[94,67649,116],{"class":108},[94,67651,124],{"class":112},[94,67653,116],{"class":108},[94,67655,421],{"class":112},[94,67657,127],{"class":108},[94,67659,67660,67662,67664,67666,67668,67670,67672,67674,67676,67678],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,67661,305],{"class":100},[94,67663,105],{"class":104},[94,67665,343],{"class":100},[94,67667,168],{"class":108},[94,67669,54279],{"class":152},[94,67671,149],{"class":108},[94,67673,412],{"class":112},[94,67675,116],{"class":108},[94,67677,10529],{"class":112},[94,67679,316],{"class":108},[94,67681,67682],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,67683,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,67685,67686,67688,67690,67692],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,67687,326],{"class":145},[94,67689,149],{"class":108},[94,67691,902],{"class":152},[94,67693,316],{"class":108},[94,67695,67696,67698,67700,67702],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,67697,326],{"class":145},[94,67699,149],{"class":108},[94,67701,153],{"class":152},[94,67703,316],{"class":108},[24,67705,371],{},[85,67707,67709],{"className":87,"code":67708,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"None\n[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,67710,67711,67715],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,67712,67713],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,67714,1593],{"class":1224},[94,67716,67717,67719,67721,67723,67725,67727,67729,67731,67733],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,67718,539],{"class":108},[94,67720,412],{"class":112},[94,67722,116],{"class":108},[94,67724,10529],{"class":112},[94,67726,116],{"class":108},[94,67728,124],{"class":112},[94,67730,116],{"class":108},[94,67732,421],{"class":112},[94,67734,127],{"class":108},[24,67736,67737,54481,67739,168],{},[15,67738,54596],{},[15,67740,77],{},[24,67742,16972],{},[85,67744,67746],{"className":87,"code":67745,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"new_list = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,67747,67748],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,67749,67750,67752,67754,67756,67758,67760,67762,67764,67766,67768],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,67751,140],{"class":100},[94,67753,105],{"class":104},[94,67755,343],{"class":100},[94,67757,168],{"class":108},[94,67759,54279],{"class":152},[94,67761,149],{"class":108},[94,67763,412],{"class":112},[94,67765,116],{"class":108},[94,67767,10529],{"class":112},[94,67769,316],{"class":108},[24,67771,67772],{},"Right:",[85,67774,67776],{"className":87,"code":67775,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,67777,67778],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,67779,67780,67782,67784,67786,67788,67790,67792,67794],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,67781,153],{"class":100},[94,67783,168],{"class":108},[94,67785,54279],{"class":152},[94,67787,149],{"class":108},[94,67789,412],{"class":112},[94,67791,116],{"class":108},[94,67793,10529],{"class":112},[94,67795,316],{"class":108},[265,67797,67799],{"id":67798},"passing-arguments-in-the-wrong-order","Passing arguments in the wrong order",[24,67801,67802],{},"The correct order is:",[85,67804,67805],{"className":87,"code":66658,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,67806,67807],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,67808,67809,67811,67813,67815,67817,67819,67821,67823],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,67810,594],{"class":100},[94,67812,168],{"class":108},[94,67814,54279],{"class":152},[94,67816,149],{"class":108},[94,67818,36174],{"class":152},[94,67820,116],{"class":108},[94,67822,29838],{"class":152},[94,67824,316],{"class":108},[24,67826,67827],{},"Not:",[85,67829,67831],{"className":87,"code":67830,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"my_list.insert(item, index)\n",[15,67832,67833],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,67834,67835,67837,67839,67841,67843,67845,67847,67849],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,67836,594],{"class":100},[94,67838,168],{"class":108},[94,67840,54279],{"class":152},[94,67842,149],{"class":108},[94,67844,23642],{"class":152},[94,67846,116],{"class":108},[94,67848,36149],{"class":152},[94,67850,316],{"class":108},[24,67852,2566],{},[85,67854,67855],{"className":87,"code":66700,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,67856,67857,67881,67903],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,67858,67859,67861,67863,67865,67867,67869,67871,67873,67875,67877,67879],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,67860,36418],{"class":100},[94,67862,105],{"class":104},[94,67864,109],{"class":108},[94,67866,332],{"class":331},[94,67868,434],{"class":335},[94,67870,332],{"class":331},[94,67872,116],{"class":108},[94,67874,1040],{"class":331},[94,67876,1946],{"class":335},[94,67878,332],{"class":331},[94,67880,127],{"class":108},[94,67882,67883,67885,67887,67889,67891,67893,67895,67897,67899,67901],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,67884,36471],{"class":100},[94,67886,168],{"class":108},[94,67888,54279],{"class":152},[94,67890,149],{"class":108},[94,67892,412],{"class":112},[94,67894,116],{"class":108},[94,67896,1040],{"class":331},[94,67898,1937],{"class":335},[94,67900,332],{"class":331},[94,67902,316],{"class":108},[94,67904,67905,67907,67909,67911],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,67906,326],{"class":145},[94,67908,149],{"class":108},[94,67910,36471],{"class":152},[94,67912,316],{"class":108},[24,67914,371],{},[85,67916,67917],{"className":87,"code":43206,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,67918,67919],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,67920,67921,67923,67925,67927,67929,67931,67933,67935,67937,67939,67941,67943,67945],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,67922,539],{"class":108},[94,67924,968],{"class":331},[94,67926,434],{"class":335},[94,67928,968],{"class":331},[94,67930,116],{"class":108},[94,67932,962],{"class":331},[94,67934,1937],{"class":335},[94,67936,968],{"class":331},[94,67938,116],{"class":108},[94,67940,962],{"class":331},[94,67942,1946],{"class":335},[94,67944,968],{"class":331},[94,67946,127],{"class":108},[265,67948,8786,67950,67952],{"id":67949},"expecting-insert-to-replace-an-item",[15,67951,54596],{}," to replace an item",[24,67954,67955,67957],{},[15,67956,54596],{}," does not replace an existing value. It shifts items to the right.",[85,67959,67961],{"className":87,"code":67960,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.insert(1, 99)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67962,67963,67983,68001],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,67964,67965,67967,67969,67971,67973,67975,67977,67979,67981],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,67966,101],{"class":100},[94,67968,105],{"class":104},[94,67970,109],{"class":108},[94,67972,412],{"class":112},[94,67974,116],{"class":108},[94,67976,124],{"class":112},[94,67978,116],{"class":108},[94,67980,421],{"class":112},[94,67982,127],{"class":108},[94,67984,67985,67987,67989,67991,67993,67995,67997,67999],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,67986,153],{"class":100},[94,67988,168],{"class":108},[94,67990,54279],{"class":152},[94,67992,149],{"class":108},[94,67994,412],{"class":112},[94,67996,116],{"class":108},[94,67998,10529],{"class":112},[94,68000,316],{"class":108},[94,68002,68003,68005,68007,68009],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,68004,326],{"class":145},[94,68006,149],{"class":108},[94,68008,153],{"class":152},[94,68010,316],{"class":108},[24,68012,371],{},[85,68014,68016],{"className":87,"code":68015,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,68017,68018],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,68019,68020,68022,68024,68026,68028,68030,68032,68034,68036],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,68021,539],{"class":108},[94,68023,412],{"class":112},[94,68025,116],{"class":108},[94,68027,10529],{"class":112},[94,68029,116],{"class":108},[94,68031,124],{"class":112},[94,68033,116],{"class":108},[94,68035,421],{"class":112},[94,68037,127],{"class":108},[24,68039,68040],{},"If you want to replace a value instead, use assignment:",[85,68042,68044],{"className":87,"code":68043,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers[1] = 99\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,68045,68046,68066,68080],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,68047,68048,68050,68052,68054,68056,68058,68060,68062,68064],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,68049,101],{"class":100},[94,68051,105],{"class":104},[94,68053,109],{"class":108},[94,68055,412],{"class":112},[94,68057,116],{"class":108},[94,68059,124],{"class":112},[94,68061,116],{"class":108},[94,68063,421],{"class":112},[94,68065,127],{"class":108},[94,68067,68068,68070,68072,68074,68076,68078],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,68069,153],{"class":100},[94,68071,539],{"class":108},[94,68073,412],{"class":112},[94,68075,13600],{"class":108},[94,68077,13603],{"class":104},[94,68079,14458],{"class":112},[94,68081,68082,68084,68086,68088],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,68083,326],{"class":145},[94,68085,149],{"class":108},[94,68087,153],{"class":152},[94,68089,316],{"class":108},[24,68091,371],{},[85,68093,68095],{"className":87,"code":68094,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"[1, 99, 3]\n",[15,68096,68097],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,68098,68099,68101,68103,68105,68107,68109,68111],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,68100,539],{"class":108},[94,68102,412],{"class":112},[94,68104,116],{"class":108},[94,68106,10529],{"class":112},[94,68108,116],{"class":108},[94,68110,421],{"class":112},[94,68112,127],{"class":108},[265,68114,68116],{"id":68115},"trying-to-insert-multiple-items-at-once","Trying to insert multiple items at once",[24,68118,68119,68121],{},[15,68120,54596],{}," adds one item each time.",[24,68123,68124],{},"This inserts a single list as one item:",[85,68126,68128],{"className":87,"code":68127,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [1, 4]\nnumbers.insert(1, [2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,68129,68130,68146,68170],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,68131,68132,68134,68136,68138,68140,68142,68144],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,68133,101],{"class":100},[94,68135,105],{"class":104},[94,68137,109],{"class":108},[94,68139,412],{"class":112},[94,68141,116],{"class":108},[94,68143,624],{"class":112},[94,68145,127],{"class":108},[94,68147,68148,68150,68152,68154,68156,68158,68160,68162,68164,68166,68168],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,68149,153],{"class":100},[94,68151,168],{"class":108},[94,68153,54279],{"class":152},[94,68155,149],{"class":108},[94,68157,412],{"class":112},[94,68159,116],{"class":108},[94,68161,109],{"class":108},[94,68163,763],{"class":112},[94,68165,116],{"class":108},[94,68167,421],{"class":112},[94,68169,4234],{"class":108},[94,68171,68172,68174,68176,68178],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,68173,326],{"class":145},[94,68175,149],{"class":108},[94,68177,153],{"class":152},[94,68179,316],{"class":108},[24,68181,371],{},[85,68183,68185],{"className":87,"code":68184,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"[1, [2, 3], 4]\n",[15,68186,68187],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,68188,68189,68191,68193,68195,68197,68199,68201,68203,68205,68207],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,68190,539],{"class":108},[94,68192,412],{"class":112},[94,68194,116],{"class":108},[94,68196,109],{"class":108},[94,68198,763],{"class":112},[94,68200,116],{"class":108},[94,68202,421],{"class":112},[94,68204,18392],{"class":108},[94,68206,624],{"class":112},[94,68208,127],{"class":108},[24,68210,68211,68212,168],{},"If you want to add many items, see the ",[434,68213,55847,68214,567],{"href":53673},[15,68215,53775],{},[265,68217,68219],{"id":68218},"helpful-checks-while-debugging","Helpful checks while debugging",[24,68221,9208,68222,68224],{},[15,68223,54596],{}," is not doing what you expect, these can help:",[85,68226,68228],{"className":87,"code":68227,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.insert.__doc__)\nhelp(list.insert)\ntype(my_list)\n",[15,68229,68230,68240,68254,68272,68286],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,68231,68232,68234,68236,68238],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,68233,326],{"class":145},[94,68235,149],{"class":108},[94,68237,594],{"class":152},[94,68239,316],{"class":108},[94,68241,68242,68244,68246,68248,68250,68252],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,68243,326],{"class":145},[94,68245,149],{"class":108},[94,68247,11490],{"class":145},[94,68249,149],{"class":108},[94,68251,594],{"class":152},[94,68253,921],{"class":108},[94,68255,68256,68258,68260,68262,68264,68266,68268,68270],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,68257,326],{"class":145},[94,68259,149],{"class":108},[94,68261,594],{"class":152},[94,68263,168],{"class":108},[94,68265,54279],{"class":1377},[94,68267,168],{"class":108},[94,68269,34777],{"class":34784},[94,68271,316],{"class":108},[94,68273,68274,68276,68278,68280,68282,68284],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,68275,2080],{"class":145},[94,68277,149],{"class":108},[94,68279,965],{"class":913},[94,68281,168],{"class":108},[94,68283,54279],{"class":1377},[94,68285,316],{"class":108},[94,68287,68288,68290,68292,68294],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,68289,914],{"class":913},[94,68291,149],{"class":108},[94,68293,594],{"class":152},[94,68295,316],{"class":108},[24,68297,68298],{},"These checks can help you confirm:",[28,68300,68301,68304,68307,68310],{},[31,68302,68303],{},"What is currently in the list",[31,68305,68306],{},"How long the list is",[31,68308,68309],{},"That you are working with a real list",[31,68311,68312],{},"How Python describes the method",[80,68314,815,68316],{"id":68315},"when-to-use-insert",[15,68317,54596],{},[24,68319,54,68320,68322],{},[15,68321,54596],{}," when position matters.",[24,68324,36754],{},[28,68326,68327,68330,68333,68336],{},[31,68328,68329],{},"Ordered menus",[31,68331,68332],{},"Rankings or score lists",[31,68334,68335],{},"Step-by-step manual list building",[31,68337,68338],{},"Inserting a value at the beginning or middle",[24,68340,68341,68342,68344,68345,68347,68348,68350],{},"You usually do ",[43,68343,45],{}," need ",[15,68346,54596],{}," when adding only to the end of a list. In that case, ",[15,68349,52982],{}," is simpler.",[24,68352,68353,68354,168],{},"If you need a refresher on making lists before using methods on them, see ",[434,68355,57478],{"href":57477},[80,68357,2160],{"id":2159},[265,68359,13029,68361,55796],{"id":68360},"does-listinsert-return-a-new-list",[15,68362,54239],{},[24,68364,68365,68366,168],{},"No. It changes the existing list and returns ",[15,68367,77],{},[265,68369,68371],{"id":68370},"what-happens-if-the-index-is-bigger-than-the-list-length","What happens if the index is bigger than the list length?",[24,68373,68374],{},"Python adds the item at the end of the list.",[265,68376,2191,68378,68380],{"id":68377},"can-listinsert-add-multiple-items",[15,68379,54239],{}," add multiple items?",[24,68382,68383,68384,68386],{},"It adds one item each time. To add many items, use ",[15,68385,53775],{}," or slicing.",[265,68388,5514,68390,1139,68392,2170],{"id":68389},"what-is-the-difference-between-insert-and-append",[15,68391,54596],{},[15,68393,52982],{},[24,68395,68396,68398,68399,68401],{},[15,68397,54596],{}," adds at a chosen position. ",[15,68400,52982],{}," adds only at the end.",[80,68403,2232],{"id":2231},[28,68405,68406,68412,68418,68422,68426,68430],{},[31,68407,68408],{},[434,68409,55847,68410,567],{"href":57093},[15,68411,52982],{},[31,68413,68414],{},[434,68415,55847,68416,567],{"href":53673},[15,68417,53775],{},[31,68419,68420],{},[434,68421,54606],{"href":53377},[31,68423,68424],{},[434,68425,986],{"href":985},[31,68427,68428],{},[434,68429,57552],{"href":57477},[31,68431,68432],{},[434,68433,30678,68434,33964],{"href":54624},[15,68435,68436],{},"'list' object has no attribute ...",[2260,68438,68439],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":90,"searchDepth":130,"depth":130,"links":68441},[68442,68444,68445,68446,68452,68459,68468,68470,68479],{"id":66627,"depth":130,"text":68443},"What list.insert() does",{"id":5762,"depth":130,"text":5763},{"id":6117,"depth":130,"text":6118},{"id":66999,"depth":130,"text":67000,"children":68447},[68448,68449,68450,68451],{"id":67011,"depth":137,"text":67012},{"id":67102,"depth":137,"text":67103},{"id":67188,"depth":137,"text":67189},{"id":67274,"depth":137,"text":67275},{"id":67404,"depth":130,"text":68453,"children":68454},"insert() vs append()",[68455,68457],{"id":67414,"depth":137,"text":68456},"Use insert() when:",{"id":67427,"depth":137,"text":68458},"Use append() when:",{"id":4861,"depth":130,"text":4862,"children":68460},[68461,68463,68464,68466,68467],{"id":67628,"depth":137,"text":68462},"Assigning the result of insert()",{"id":67798,"depth":137,"text":67799},{"id":67949,"depth":137,"text":68465},"Expecting insert() to replace an item",{"id":68115,"depth":137,"text":68116},{"id":68218,"depth":137,"text":68219},{"id":68315,"depth":130,"text":68469},"When to use insert()",{"id":2159,"depth":130,"text":2160,"children":68471},[68472,68474,68475,68477],{"id":68360,"depth":137,"text":68473},"Does list.insert() return a new list?",{"id":68370,"depth":137,"text":68371},{"id":68377,"depth":137,"text":68476},"Can list.insert() add multiple items?",{"id":68389,"depth":137,"text":68478},"What is the difference between insert() and append()?",{"id":2231,"depth":130,"text":2232},"Master python list insert method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method",{"title":66537,"description":68480},"reference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method","x_dK_NYzoYQLOwms5BtRdF_-FqYStoiPzy7EKR6Cd44",{"id":68487,"title":68488,"body":68489,"description":70044,"extension":2319,"meta":70045,"navigation":133,"path":59297,"seo":70046,"stem":70047,"__hash__":70048},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len.md","Python List Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":68490,"toc":70017},[68491,68497,68506,68555,68557,68565,68571,68573,68591,68597,68602,68605,68608,68623,68625,68677,68679,68687,68695,68702,68704,68710,68775,68777,68785,68787,68806,68809,68860,68864,68869,68896,68898,68906,68909,68978,68980,68995,69001,69005,69014,69017,69072,69074,69082,69085,69087,69132,69134,69142,69148,69150,69158,69161,69163,69202,69204,69243,69248,69250,69252,69287,69290,69292,69330,69334,69340,69342,69393,69395,69403,69410,69413,69434,69437,69492,69503,69505,69566,69568,69577,69584,69590,69593,69596,69653,69656,69669,69676,69682,69688,69690,69703,69706,69803,69805,69822,69825,69907,69909,69931,69938,69944,69946,69950,69956,69962,69967,69971,69974,69980,69987,69989,70014],[10,68492,68494,68495,156],{"id":68493},"python-list-length-len","Python List Length (",[15,68496,11490],{},[24,68498,68499,68500,68502,68503,68505],{},"Learn how to get the number of items in a Python list using ",[15,68501,42691],{},". This page focuses on the basic use of ",[15,68504,42691],{}," with lists, common beginner mistakes, and simple examples.",[85,68507,68509],{"className":87,"code":68508,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\ncount = len(numbers)\nprint(count)\n",[15,68510,68511,68531,68545],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,68512,68513,68515,68517,68519,68521,68523,68525,68527,68529],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,68514,101],{"class":100},[94,68516,105],{"class":104},[94,68518,109],{"class":108},[94,68520,2688],{"class":112},[94,68522,116],{"class":108},[94,68524,8124],{"class":112},[94,68526,116],{"class":108},[94,68528,8129],{"class":112},[94,68530,127],{"class":108},[94,68532,68533,68535,68537,68539,68541,68543],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,68534,41572],{"class":100},[94,68536,105],{"class":104},[94,68538,38716],{"class":145},[94,68540,149],{"class":108},[94,68542,153],{"class":152},[94,68544,316],{"class":108},[94,68546,68547,68549,68551,68553],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,68548,326],{"class":145},[94,68550,149],{"class":108},[94,68552,41590],{"class":152},[94,68554,316],{"class":108},[24,68556,371],{},[85,68558,68559],{"className":87,"code":46948,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,68560,68561],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,68562,68563],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,68564,46948],{"class":112},[24,68566,54,68567,68570],{},[15,68568,68569],{},"len(list_name)"," to get how many items are in a list.",[80,68572,15490],{"id":15489},[28,68574,68575,68580,68585,68588],{},[31,68576,4542,68577,68579],{},[15,68578,42691],{}," works with Python lists",[31,68581,68582,68583,2114],{},"What value ",[15,68584,42691],{},[31,68586,68587],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty lists",[31,68589,68590],{},"Common mistakes beginners make",[80,68592,215,68594,68596],{"id":68593},"what-len-returns-for-a-list",[15,68595,42691],{}," returns for a list",[24,68598,68599,65409],{},[15,68600,68601],{},"len(my_list)",[24,68603,68604],{},"That integer is the number of items in the list.",[24,68606,68607],{},"A few important points:",[28,68609,68610,68613,68618],{},[31,68611,68612],{},"It counts list items",[31,68614,41236,68615,68617],{},[43,68616,45],{}," count characters inside a string item",[31,68619,68620,68621],{},"An empty list returns ",[15,68622,2476],{},[24,68624,2566],{},[85,68626,68628],{"className":87,"code":68627,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,68629,68630,68663],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,68631,68632,68634,68636,68638,68640,68642,68644,68646,68648,68651,68653,68655,68657,68659,68661],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,68633,1314],{"class":100},[94,68635,105],{"class":104},[94,68637,109],{"class":108},[94,68639,332],{"class":331},[94,68641,37376],{"class":335},[94,68643,332],{"class":331},[94,68645,116],{"class":108},[94,68647,1040],{"class":331},[94,68649,68650],{"class":335},"elephant",[94,68652,332],{"class":331},[94,68654,116],{"class":108},[94,68656,1040],{"class":331},[94,68658,58451],{"class":335},[94,68660,332],{"class":331},[94,68662,127],{"class":108},[94,68664,68665,68667,68669,68671,68673,68675],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,68666,326],{"class":145},[94,68668,149],{"class":108},[94,68670,11490],{"class":145},[94,68672,149],{"class":108},[94,68674,1362],{"class":152},[94,68676,921],{"class":108},[24,68678,371],{},[85,68680,68681],{"className":87,"code":46948,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,68682,68683],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,68684,68685],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,68686,46948],{"class":112},[24,68688,21309,68689,68692,68693,65416],{},[15,68690,68691],{},"\"elephant\""," has many characters, it still counts as just ",[43,68694,52986],{},[24,68696,68697,68698,168],{},"If you want a broader explanation of the function itself, see ",[434,68699,13,68700,439],{"href":42688},[15,68701,42691],{},[80,68703,6118],{"id":6117},[24,68705,68706,68707,68709],{},"Create a list, pass it to ",[15,68708,42691],{},", and print the result.",[85,68711,68713],{"className":87,"code":68712,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncount = len(colors)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,68714,68715,68747,68761,68765],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,68716,68717,68719,68721,68723,68725,68727,68729,68731,68733,68735,68737,68739,68741,68743,68745],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,68718,13402],{"class":100},[94,68720,105],{"class":104},[94,68722,109],{"class":108},[94,68724,332],{"class":331},[94,68726,13419],{"class":335},[94,68728,332],{"class":331},[94,68730,116],{"class":108},[94,68732,1040],{"class":331},[94,68734,17785],{"class":335},[94,68736,332],{"class":331},[94,68738,116],{"class":108},[94,68740,1040],{"class":331},[94,68742,13436],{"class":335},[94,68744,332],{"class":331},[94,68746,127],{"class":108},[94,68748,68749,68751,68753,68755,68757,68759],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,68750,41572],{"class":100},[94,68752,105],{"class":104},[94,68754,38716],{"class":145},[94,68756,149],{"class":108},[94,68758,17832],{"class":152},[94,68760,316],{"class":108},[94,68762,68763],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,68764,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,68766,68767,68769,68771,68773],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,68768,326],{"class":145},[94,68770,149],{"class":108},[94,68772,41590],{"class":152},[94,68774,316],{"class":108},[24,68776,371],{},[85,68778,68779],{"className":87,"code":46948,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,68780,68781],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,68782,68783],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,68784,46948],{"class":112},[24,68786,12014],{},[28,68788,68789,68794,68801],{},[31,68790,68791,68793],{},[15,68792,17832],{}," is a list with 3 items",[31,68795,68796,74,68799],{},[15,68797,68798],{},"len(colors)",[15,68800,113],{},[31,68802,68803,68804],{},"That value is stored in ",[15,68805,41590],{},[24,68807,68808],{},"You can also print the result directly:",[85,68810,68812],{"className":87,"code":68811,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,68813,68814,68846],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,68815,68816,68818,68820,68822,68824,68826,68828,68830,68832,68834,68836,68838,68840,68842,68844],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,68817,13402],{"class":100},[94,68819,105],{"class":104},[94,68821,109],{"class":108},[94,68823,332],{"class":331},[94,68825,13419],{"class":335},[94,68827,332],{"class":331},[94,68829,116],{"class":108},[94,68831,1040],{"class":331},[94,68833,17785],{"class":335},[94,68835,332],{"class":331},[94,68837,116],{"class":108},[94,68839,1040],{"class":331},[94,68841,13436],{"class":335},[94,68843,332],{"class":331},[94,68845,127],{"class":108},[94,68847,68848,68850,68852,68854,68856,68858],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,68849,326],{"class":145},[94,68851,149],{"class":108},[94,68853,11490],{"class":145},[94,68855,149],{"class":108},[94,68857,17832],{"class":152},[94,68859,921],{"class":108},[80,68861,68863],{"id":68862},"empty-list-example","Empty list example",[24,68865,68866,68867,168],{},"An empty list has no items, so its length is ",[15,68868,2476],{},[85,68870,68872],{"className":87,"code":68871,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"items = []\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,68873,68874,68882],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,68875,68876,68878,68880],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,68877,8113],{"class":100},[94,68879,105],{"class":104},[94,68881,8173],{"class":108},[94,68883,68884,68886,68888,68890,68892,68894],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,68885,326],{"class":145},[94,68887,149],{"class":108},[94,68889,11490],{"class":145},[94,68891,149],{"class":108},[94,68893,8144],{"class":152},[94,68895,921],{"class":108},[24,68897,371],{},[85,68899,68900],{"className":87,"code":47583,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,68901,68902],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,68903,68904],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,68905,47583],{"class":112},[24,68907,68908],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a list has anything in it before using an index.",[85,68910,68912],{"className":87,"code":68911,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"items = []\n\nif len(items) > 0:\n    print(items[0])\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,68913,68914,68922,68926,68944,68958,68964],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,68915,68916,68918,68920],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,68917,8113],{"class":100},[94,68919,105],{"class":104},[94,68921,8173],{"class":108},[94,68923,68924],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,68925,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,68927,68928,68930,68932,68934,68936,68938,68940,68942],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,68929,7330],{"class":4221},[94,68931,38716],{"class":145},[94,68933,149],{"class":108},[94,68935,8144],{"class":152},[94,68937,156],{"class":108},[94,68939,38726],{"class":104},[94,68941,4178],{"class":112},[94,68943,6726],{"class":108},[94,68945,68946,68948,68950,68952,68954,68956],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,68947,8404],{"class":145},[94,68949,149],{"class":108},[94,68951,8144],{"class":152},[94,68953,539],{"class":108},[94,68955,2476],{"class":112},[94,68957,4234],{"class":108},[94,68959,68960,68962],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,68961,27765],{"class":4221},[94,68963,6726],{"class":108},[94,68965,68966,68968,68970,68972,68974,68976],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,68967,8404],{"class":145},[94,68969,149],{"class":108},[94,68971,332],{"class":331},[94,68973,52145],{"class":335},[94,68975,332],{"class":331},[94,68977,316],{"class":108},[24,68979,371],{},[85,68981,68983],{"className":87,"code":68982,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"The list is empty\n",[15,68984,68985],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,68986,68987,68989,68991,68993],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,68988,2336],{"class":100},[94,68990,965],{"class":913},[94,68992,8431],{"class":104},[94,68994,8437],{"class":100},[24,68996,68997,68998,69000],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, ",[434,68999,986],{"href":985}," is a good next step.",[80,69002,69004],{"id":69003},"nested-lists","Nested lists",[24,69006,69007,69009,69010,69013],{},[15,69008,42691],{}," counts only the ",[43,69011,69012],{},"top-level items"," in a list.",[24,69015,69016],{},"A nested list counts as one item.",[85,69018,69020],{"className":87,"code":69019,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"data = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,69021,69022,69058],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,69023,69024,69026,69028,69030,69032,69034,69036,69038,69040,69042,69044,69046,69048,69050,69052,69054,69056],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,69025,9499],{"class":100},[94,69027,105],{"class":104},[94,69029,56618],{"class":108},[94,69031,412],{"class":112},[94,69033,116],{"class":108},[94,69035,124],{"class":112},[94,69037,18392],{"class":108},[94,69039,109],{"class":108},[94,69041,113],{"class":112},[94,69043,116],{"class":108},[94,69045,624],{"class":112},[94,69047,18392],{"class":108},[94,69049,109],{"class":108},[94,69051,615],{"class":112},[94,69053,116],{"class":108},[94,69055,37973],{"class":112},[94,69057,53571],{"class":108},[94,69059,69060,69062,69064,69066,69068,69070],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,69061,326],{"class":145},[94,69063,149],{"class":108},[94,69065,11490],{"class":145},[94,69067,149],{"class":108},[94,69069,9537],{"class":152},[94,69071,921],{"class":108},[24,69073,371],{},[85,69075,69076],{"className":87,"code":46948,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,69077,69078],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,69079,69080],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,69081,46948],{"class":112},[24,69083,69084],{},"Here, the list contains 3 items, and each item is itself a list.",[24,69086,52409],{},[85,69088,69090],{"className":87,"code":69089,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"mixed = [1, [2, 3], 4]\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,69091,69092,69118],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,69093,69094,69096,69098,69100,69102,69104,69106,69108,69110,69112,69114,69116],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,69095,59797],{"class":100},[94,69097,105],{"class":104},[94,69099,109],{"class":108},[94,69101,412],{"class":112},[94,69103,116],{"class":108},[94,69105,109],{"class":108},[94,69107,763],{"class":112},[94,69109,116],{"class":108},[94,69111,421],{"class":112},[94,69113,18392],{"class":108},[94,69115,624],{"class":112},[94,69117,127],{"class":108},[94,69119,69120,69122,69124,69126,69128,69130],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,69121,326],{"class":145},[94,69123,149],{"class":108},[94,69125,11490],{"class":145},[94,69127,149],{"class":108},[94,69129,59850],{"class":152},[94,69131,921],{"class":108},[24,69133,371],{},[85,69135,69136],{"className":87,"code":46948,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,69137,69138],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,69139,69140],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,69141,46948],{"class":112},[24,69143,21309,69144,69147],{},[15,69145,69146],{},"[2, 3]"," contains 2 values, it is still only one item in the outer list.",[80,69149,4862],{"id":4861},[265,69151,1484,69153,11420,69156],{"id":69152},"using-my_listlen-instead-of-lenmy_list",[15,69154,69155],{},"my_list.len()",[15,69157,68601],{},[24,69159,69160],{},"This is a very common mistake.",[24,69162,16972],{},[85,69164,69166],{"className":87,"code":69165,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.len())\n",[15,69167,69168,69188],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,69169,69170,69172,69174,69176,69178,69180,69182,69184,69186],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,69171,101],{"class":100},[94,69173,105],{"class":104},[94,69175,109],{"class":108},[94,69177,2688],{"class":112},[94,69179,116],{"class":108},[94,69181,8124],{"class":112},[94,69183,116],{"class":108},[94,69185,8129],{"class":112},[94,69187,127],{"class":108},[94,69189,69190,69192,69194,69196,69198,69200],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,69191,326],{"class":145},[94,69193,149],{"class":108},[94,69195,153],{"class":152},[94,69197,168],{"class":108},[94,69199,11490],{"class":152},[94,69201,7527],{"class":108},[24,69203,16984],{},[85,69205,69207],{"className":87,"code":69206,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,69208,69209,69229],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,69210,69211,69213,69215,69217,69219,69221,69223,69225,69227],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,69212,101],{"class":100},[94,69214,105],{"class":104},[94,69216,109],{"class":108},[94,69218,2688],{"class":112},[94,69220,116],{"class":108},[94,69222,8124],{"class":112},[94,69224,116],{"class":108},[94,69226,8129],{"class":112},[94,69228,127],{"class":108},[94,69230,69231,69233,69235,69237,69239,69241],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,69232,326],{"class":145},[94,69234,149],{"class":108},[94,69236,11490],{"class":145},[94,69238,149],{"class":108},[94,69240,153],{"class":152},[94,69242,921],{"class":108},[24,69244,69245,69247],{},[15,69246,42691],{}," is a built-in function. It is not a list method.",[265,69249,26019],{"id":26018},[24,69251,16972],{},[85,69253,69255],{"className":87,"code":69254,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len)\n",[15,69256,69257,69277],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,69258,69259,69261,69263,69265,69267,69269,69271,69273,69275],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,69260,101],{"class":100},[94,69262,105],{"class":104},[94,69264,109],{"class":108},[94,69266,2688],{"class":112},[94,69268,116],{"class":108},[94,69270,8124],{"class":112},[94,69272,116],{"class":108},[94,69274,8129],{"class":112},[94,69276,127],{"class":108},[94,69278,69279,69281,69283,69285],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,69280,326],{"class":145},[94,69282,149],{"class":108},[94,69284,11490],{"class":145},[94,69286,316],{"class":108},[24,69288,69289],{},"This prints the function itself, not the list length.",[24,69291,16984],{},[85,69293,69294],{"className":87,"code":69206,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,69295,69296,69316],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,69297,69298,69300,69302,69304,69306,69308,69310,69312,69314],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,69299,101],{"class":100},[94,69301,105],{"class":104},[94,69303,109],{"class":108},[94,69305,2688],{"class":112},[94,69307,116],{"class":108},[94,69309,8124],{"class":112},[94,69311,116],{"class":108},[94,69313,8129],{"class":112},[94,69315,127],{"class":108},[94,69317,69318,69320,69322,69324,69326,69328],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,69319,326],{"class":145},[94,69321,149],{"class":108},[94,69323,11490],{"class":145},[94,69325,149],{"class":108},[94,69327,153],{"class":152},[94,69329,921],{"class":108},[265,69331,69333],{"id":69332},"confusing-length-with-the-last-index","Confusing length with the last index",[24,69335,69336,69337,69339],{},"The length of a list is ",[43,69338,45],{}," the same as the last index.",[24,69341,2566],{},[85,69343,69345],{"className":87,"code":69344,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(len(letters))\n",[15,69346,69347,69379],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,69348,69349,69351,69353,69355,69357,69359,69361,69363,69365,69367,69369,69371,69373,69375,69377],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,69350,36418],{"class":100},[94,69352,105],{"class":104},[94,69354,109],{"class":108},[94,69356,332],{"class":331},[94,69358,434],{"class":335},[94,69360,332],{"class":331},[94,69362,116],{"class":108},[94,69364,1040],{"class":331},[94,69366,1937],{"class":335},[94,69368,332],{"class":331},[94,69370,116],{"class":108},[94,69372,1040],{"class":331},[94,69374,1946],{"class":335},[94,69376,332],{"class":331},[94,69378,127],{"class":108},[94,69380,69381,69383,69385,69387,69389,69391],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,69382,326],{"class":145},[94,69384,149],{"class":108},[94,69386,11490],{"class":145},[94,69388,149],{"class":108},[94,69390,36471],{"class":152},[94,69392,921],{"class":108},[24,69394,371],{},[85,69396,69397],{"className":87,"code":46948,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,69398,69399],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,69400,69401],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,69402,46948],{"class":112},[24,69404,69405,69406,19294,69408,168],{},"But the last index is ",[15,69407,763],{},[15,69409,113],{},[24,69411,69412],{},"Indexes are:",[28,69414,69415,69422,69428],{},[31,69416,69417,69419,69420],{},[15,69418,2476],{}," for ",[15,69421,18426],{},[31,69423,69424,69419,69426],{},[15,69425,412],{},[15,69427,65919],{},[31,69429,69430,69419,69432],{},[15,69431,763],{},[15,69433,66805],{},[24,69435,69436],{},"So this causes an error:",[85,69438,69440],{"className":87,"code":69439,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters)])\n",[15,69441,69442,69474],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,69443,69444,69446,69448,69450,69452,69454,69456,69458,69460,69462,69464,69466,69468,69470,69472],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,69445,36418],{"class":100},[94,69447,105],{"class":104},[94,69449,109],{"class":108},[94,69451,332],{"class":331},[94,69453,434],{"class":335},[94,69455,332],{"class":331},[94,69457,116],{"class":108},[94,69459,1040],{"class":331},[94,69461,1937],{"class":335},[94,69463,332],{"class":331},[94,69465,116],{"class":108},[94,69467,1040],{"class":331},[94,69469,1946],{"class":335},[94,69471,332],{"class":331},[94,69473,127],{"class":108},[94,69475,69476,69478,69480,69482,69484,69486,69488,69490],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,69477,326],{"class":145},[94,69479,149],{"class":108},[94,69481,36471],{"class":152},[94,69483,539],{"class":108},[94,69485,11490],{"class":145},[94,69487,149],{"class":108},[94,69489,36471],{"class":152},[94,69491,11009],{"class":108},[24,69493,8829,69494,5126,69497,69499,69500,69502],{},[15,69495,69496],{},"len(letters)",[15,69498,113],{},", and index ",[15,69501,113],{}," does not exist.",[24,69504,19171],{},[85,69506,69508],{"className":87,"code":69507,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters) - 1])\n",[15,69509,69510,69542],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,69511,69512,69514,69516,69518,69520,69522,69524,69526,69528,69530,69532,69534,69536,69538,69540],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,69513,36418],{"class":100},[94,69515,105],{"class":104},[94,69517,109],{"class":108},[94,69519,332],{"class":331},[94,69521,434],{"class":335},[94,69523,332],{"class":331},[94,69525,116],{"class":108},[94,69527,1040],{"class":331},[94,69529,1937],{"class":335},[94,69531,332],{"class":331},[94,69533,116],{"class":108},[94,69535,1040],{"class":331},[94,69537,1946],{"class":335},[94,69539,332],{"class":331},[94,69541,127],{"class":108},[94,69543,69544,69546,69548,69550,69552,69554,69556,69558,69560,69562,69564],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,69545,326],{"class":145},[94,69547,149],{"class":108},[94,69549,36471],{"class":152},[94,69551,539],{"class":108},[94,69553,11490],{"class":145},[94,69555,149],{"class":108},[94,69557,36471],{"class":152},[94,69559,156],{"class":108},[94,69561,2581],{"class":104},[94,69563,119],{"class":112},[94,69565,4234],{"class":108},[24,69567,371],{},[85,69569,69571],{"className":87,"code":69570,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"c\n",[15,69572,69573],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,69574,69575],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,69576,69570],{"class":100},[24,69578,69579,69580,168],{},"If you see an index problem here, read ",[434,69581,69583],{"href":69582},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-list-index-out-of-range-fix-explained\u002F","IndexError: list index out of range",[265,69585,1484,69587,69589],{"id":69586},"using-len-on-the-wrong-variable",[15,69588,42691],{}," on the wrong variable",[24,69591,69592],{},"Sometimes the code is correct, but the variable is not what you expect.",[24,69594,69595],{},"Use these debugging checks:",[85,69597,69599],{"className":87,"code":69598,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list[0])\n",[15,69600,69601,69611,69625,69639],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,69602,69603,69605,69607,69609],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,69604,326],{"class":145},[94,69606,149],{"class":108},[94,69608,594],{"class":152},[94,69610,316],{"class":108},[94,69612,69613,69615,69617,69619,69621,69623],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,69614,326],{"class":145},[94,69616,149],{"class":108},[94,69618,11490],{"class":145},[94,69620,149],{"class":108},[94,69622,594],{"class":152},[94,69624,921],{"class":108},[94,69626,69627,69629,69631,69633,69635,69637],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,69628,326],{"class":145},[94,69630,149],{"class":108},[94,69632,914],{"class":913},[94,69634,149],{"class":108},[94,69636,594],{"class":152},[94,69638,921],{"class":108},[94,69640,69641,69643,69645,69647,69649,69651],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,69642,326],{"class":145},[94,69644,149],{"class":108},[94,69646,594],{"class":152},[94,69648,539],{"class":108},[94,69650,2476],{"class":112},[94,69652,4234],{"class":108},[24,69654,69655],{},"These help you verify:",[28,69657,69658,69661,69663,69666],{},[31,69659,69660],{},"what the variable contains",[31,69662,61109],{},[31,69664,69665],{},"whether it is really a list",[31,69667,69668],{},"what the first item is",[24,69670,69671,69672,69675],{},"Be careful with ",[15,69673,69674],{},"print(my_list[0])"," if the list might be empty.",[80,69677,815,69679,69681],{"id":69678},"when-to-use-len-with-lists",[15,69680,42691],{}," with lists",[24,69683,69684,69685,69687],{},"You will often use ",[15,69686,42691],{}," in real programs.",[24,69689,9706],{},[28,69691,69692,69694,69697,69700],{},[31,69693,52099],{},[31,69695,69696],{},"Control loops",[31,69698,69699],{},"Validate input or results",[31,69701,69702],{},"Compare the sizes of two lists",[24,69704,69705],{},"Example: comparing two lists",[85,69707,69709],{"className":87,"code":69708,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [10, 20]\n\nprint(len(a))\nprint(len(b))\nprint(len(a) > len(b))\n",[15,69710,69711,69731,69747,69751,69765,69779],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,69712,69713,69715,69717,69719,69721,69723,69725,69727,69729],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,69714,635],{"class":100},[94,69716,105],{"class":104},[94,69718,109],{"class":108},[94,69720,412],{"class":112},[94,69722,116],{"class":108},[94,69724,124],{"class":112},[94,69726,116],{"class":108},[94,69728,421],{"class":112},[94,69730,127],{"class":108},[94,69732,69733,69735,69737,69739,69741,69743,69745],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,69734,2937],{"class":100},[94,69736,105],{"class":104},[94,69738,109],{"class":108},[94,69740,2688],{"class":112},[94,69742,116],{"class":108},[94,69744,8124],{"class":112},[94,69746,127],{"class":108},[94,69748,69749],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,69750,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,69752,69753,69755,69757,69759,69761,69763],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,69754,326],{"class":145},[94,69756,149],{"class":108},[94,69758,11490],{"class":145},[94,69760,149],{"class":108},[94,69762,434],{"class":152},[94,69764,921],{"class":108},[94,69766,69767,69769,69771,69773,69775,69777],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,69768,326],{"class":145},[94,69770,149],{"class":108},[94,69772,11490],{"class":145},[94,69774,149],{"class":108},[94,69776,1937],{"class":152},[94,69778,921],{"class":108},[94,69780,69781,69783,69785,69787,69789,69791,69793,69795,69797,69799,69801],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,69782,326],{"class":145},[94,69784,149],{"class":108},[94,69786,11490],{"class":145},[94,69788,149],{"class":108},[94,69790,434],{"class":152},[94,69792,156],{"class":108},[94,69794,38726],{"class":104},[94,69796,38716],{"class":145},[94,69798,149],{"class":108},[94,69800,1937],{"class":152},[94,69802,921],{"class":108},[24,69804,371],{},[85,69806,69808],{"className":87,"code":69807,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"3\n2\nTrue\n",[15,69809,69810,69814,69818],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,69811,69812],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,69813,46948],{"class":112},[94,69815,69816],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,69817,17385],{"class":112},[94,69819,69820],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,69821,4325],{"class":1224},[24,69823,69824],{},"Example: using length in a loop",[85,69826,69828],{"className":87,"code":69827,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(names)):\n    print(i, names[i])\n",[15,69829,69830,69862,69866,69888],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,69831,69832,69834,69836,69838,69840,69842,69844,69846,69848,69850,69852,69854,69856,69858,69860],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,69833,1024],{"class":100},[94,69835,105],{"class":104},[94,69837,109],{"class":108},[94,69839,332],{"class":331},[94,69841,13206],{"class":335},[94,69843,332],{"class":331},[94,69845,116],{"class":108},[94,69847,1040],{"class":331},[94,69849,36268],{"class":335},[94,69851,332],{"class":331},[94,69853,116],{"class":108},[94,69855,1040],{"class":331},[94,69857,36277],{"class":335},[94,69859,332],{"class":331},[94,69861,127],{"class":108},[94,69863,69864],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,69865,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,69867,69868,69870,69873,69875,69877,69879,69881,69883,69885],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,69869,6289],{"class":4221},[94,69871,69872],{"class":100}," i ",[94,69874,4228],{"class":4221},[94,69876,54398],{"class":145},[94,69878,149],{"class":108},[94,69880,11490],{"class":145},[94,69882,149],{"class":108},[94,69884,1065],{"class":152},[94,69886,69887],{"class":108},")):\n",[94,69889,69890,69892,69894,69896,69898,69901,69903,69905],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,69891,8404],{"class":145},[94,69893,149],{"class":108},[94,69895,36482],{"class":152},[94,69897,116],{"class":108},[94,69899,69900],{"class":152}," names",[94,69902,539],{"class":108},[94,69904,36482],{"class":152},[94,69906,4234],{"class":108},[24,69908,371],{},[85,69910,69911],{"className":87,"code":36326,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,69912,69913,69919,69925],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,69914,69915,69917],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,69916,2476],{"class":112},[94,69918,36335],{"class":100},[94,69920,69921,69923],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,69922,412],{"class":112},[94,69924,36342],{"class":100},[94,69926,69927,69929],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,69928,763],{"class":112},[94,69930,36349],{"class":100},[24,69932,69933,69934,168],{},"This works, but if you want to practice looping through lists more safely and clearly, see ",[434,69935,69937],{"href":69936},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to loop through a list in Python",[24,69939,69940,69941,69943],{},"You can also read ",[434,69942,51876],{"href":51875}," for a task-focused guide.",[80,69945,2160],{"id":2159},[265,69947,69949],{"id":69948},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python","How do I get the length of a list in Python?",[24,69951,54,69952,69955],{},[15,69953,69954],{},"len(your_list)",". It returns the number of items in the list.",[265,69957,5479,69959,13041],{"id":69958},"what-does-len-return",[15,69960,69961],{},"len([])",[24,69963,5485,69964,69966],{},[15,69965,2476],{}," because the list is empty.",[265,69968,69970],{"id":69969},"is-the-list-length-the-same-as-the-last-index","Is the list length the same as the last index?",[24,69972,69973],{},"No. The last index is one less than the length.",[265,69975,2201,69977,69979],{"id":69976},"can-i-use-my_listlen-in-python",[15,69978,69155],{}," in Python?",[24,69981,30601,69982,8557,69984,69986],{},[15,69983,68601],{},[15,69985,42691],{}," is a built-in function.",[80,69988,2232],{"id":2231},[28,69990,69991,69997,70001,70005,70009],{},[31,69992,69993],{},[434,69994,13,69995,439],{"href":42688},[15,69996,42691],{},[31,69998,69999],{},[434,70000,52920],{"href":51875},[31,70002,70003],{},[434,70004,986],{"href":985},[31,70006,70007],{},[434,70008,69583],{"href":69582},[31,70010,70011],{},[434,70012,70013],{"href":69936},"How to loop through a list in Python",[2260,70015,70016],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":90,"searchDepth":130,"depth":130,"links":70018},[70019,70020,70022,70023,70024,70025,70033,70035,70043],{"id":15489,"depth":130,"text":15490},{"id":68593,"depth":130,"text":70021},"What len() returns for a list",{"id":6117,"depth":130,"text":6118},{"id":68862,"depth":130,"text":68863},{"id":69003,"depth":130,"text":69004},{"id":4861,"depth":130,"text":4862,"children":70026},[70027,70029,70030,70031],{"id":69152,"depth":137,"text":70028},"Using my_list.len() instead of len(my_list)",{"id":26018,"depth":137,"text":26019},{"id":69332,"depth":137,"text":69333},{"id":69586,"depth":137,"text":70032},"Using len() on the wrong variable",{"id":69678,"depth":130,"text":70034},"When to use len() with lists",{"id":2159,"depth":130,"text":2160,"children":70036},[70037,70038,70040,70041],{"id":69948,"depth":137,"text":69949},{"id":69958,"depth":137,"text":70039},"What does len([]) return?",{"id":69969,"depth":137,"text":69970},{"id":69976,"depth":137,"text":70042},"Can I use my_list.len() in Python?",{"id":2231,"depth":130,"text":2232},"Master python list length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":68488,"description":70044},"reference\u002Fpython-list-length-len","rGvdzxYi-qjWScdxkRoGgEetqY15UkNJ5EhQHJLekL8",{"id":70050,"title":70051,"body":70052,"description":72034,"extension":2319,"meta":72035,"navigation":133,"path":72036,"seo":72037,"stem":72038,"__hash__":72039},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method.md","Python List pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":70053,"toc":72007},[70054,70057,70062,70065,70073,70086,70088,70153,70155,70177,70182,70186,70191,70199,70201,70211,70213,70294,70296,70326,70328,70347,70352,70369,70371,70455,70457,70487,70492,70496,70502,70586,70588,70618,70621,70625,70628,70719,70721,70759,70762,70847,70849,70879,70885,70892,70896,70901,70910,70912,70997,70999,71028,71031,71039,71043,71047,71056,71079,71081,71103,71105,71119,71121,71181,71185,71190,71229,71231,71248,71250,71260,71359,71364,71368,71373,71416,71418,71446,71448,71462,71537,71539,71561,71565,71568,71573,71584,71589,71597,71600,71671,71673,71698,71755,71757,71778,71787,71795,71800,71802,71807,71828,71831,71906,71909,71923,71930,71932,71936,71942,71946,71956,71960,71967,71971,71977,71979,72004],[10,70055,70051],{"id":70056},"python-list-pop-method",[24,70058,70059,70061],{},[15,70060,55410],{}," removes an item from a list and returns it.",[24,70063,70064],{},"This method is useful when you want to both:",[28,70066,70067,70070],{},[31,70068,70069],{},"delete an item from a list",[31,70071,70072],{},"keep the removed value for later use",[24,70074,70075,70076,70078,70079,9037,70081,70085],{},"If you do not pass an index, ",[15,70077,13088],{}," removes the last item. Beginners often confuse ",[15,70080,13088],{},[434,70082,70083],{"href":55400},[15,70084,55856],{},", or expect it to create a new list instead of changing the original one.",[80,70087,2361],{"id":2360},[85,70089,70091],{"className":87,"code":70090,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nlast_item = numbers.pop()\n\nprint(last_item)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,70092,70093,70113,70128,70132,70143],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,70094,70095,70097,70099,70101,70103,70105,70107,70109,70111],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,70096,101],{"class":100},[94,70098,105],{"class":104},[94,70100,109],{"class":108},[94,70102,2688],{"class":112},[94,70104,116],{"class":108},[94,70106,8124],{"class":112},[94,70108,116],{"class":108},[94,70110,8129],{"class":112},[94,70112,127],{"class":108},[94,70114,70115,70118,70120,70122,70124,70126],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,70116,70117],{"class":100},"last_item ",[94,70119,105],{"class":104},[94,70121,343],{"class":100},[94,70123,168],{"class":108},[94,70125,26572],{"class":152},[94,70127,511],{"class":108},[94,70129,70130],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,70131,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,70133,70134,70136,70138,70141],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,70135,326],{"class":145},[94,70137,149],{"class":108},[94,70139,70140],{"class":152},"last_item",[94,70142,316],{"class":108},[94,70144,70145,70147,70149,70151],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,70146,326],{"class":145},[94,70148,149],{"class":108},[94,70150,153],{"class":152},[94,70152,316],{"class":108},[24,70154,371],{},[85,70156,70158],{"className":87,"code":70157,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"30\n[10, 20]\n",[15,70159,70160,70165],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,70161,70162],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,70163,70164],{"class":112},"30\n",[94,70166,70167,70169,70171,70173,70175],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,70168,539],{"class":108},[94,70170,2688],{"class":112},[94,70172,116],{"class":108},[94,70174,8124],{"class":112},[94,70176,127],{"class":108},[24,70178,54,70179,70181],{},[15,70180,13088],{}," to remove and return an item from a list. With no argument, it removes the last item.",[80,70183,70185],{"id":70184},"what-pop-does","What pop() does",[24,70187,70188,70190],{},[15,70189,13088],{}," has two main jobs:",[28,70192,70193,70196],{},[31,70194,70195],{},"It removes one item from a list",[31,70197,70198],{},"It returns the item that was removed",[24,70200,43981],{},[28,70202,70203,70206,70209],{},[31,70204,70205],{},"If no index is given, it removes the last item",[31,70207,70208],{},"It changes the original list",[31,70210,53075],{},[24,70212,2566],{},[85,70214,70216],{"className":87,"code":70215,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nremoved = colors.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,70217,70218,70250,70254,70269,70273,70284],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,70219,70220,70222,70224,70226,70228,70230,70232,70234,70236,70238,70240,70242,70244,70246,70248],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,70221,13402],{"class":100},[94,70223,105],{"class":104},[94,70225,109],{"class":108},[94,70227,332],{"class":331},[94,70229,13419],{"class":335},[94,70231,332],{"class":331},[94,70233,116],{"class":108},[94,70235,1040],{"class":331},[94,70237,17785],{"class":335},[94,70239,332],{"class":331},[94,70241,116],{"class":108},[94,70243,1040],{"class":331},[94,70245,13436],{"class":335},[94,70247,332],{"class":331},[94,70249,127],{"class":108},[94,70251,70252],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,70253,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,70255,70256,70259,70261,70263,70265,70267],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,70257,70258],{"class":100},"removed ",[94,70260,105],{"class":104},[94,70262,13450],{"class":100},[94,70264,168],{"class":108},[94,70266,26572],{"class":152},[94,70268,511],{"class":108},[94,70270,70271],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,70272,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,70274,70275,70277,70279,70282],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,70276,326],{"class":145},[94,70278,149],{"class":108},[94,70280,70281],{"class":152},"removed",[94,70283,316],{"class":108},[94,70285,70286,70288,70290,70292],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,70287,326],{"class":145},[94,70289,149],{"class":108},[94,70291,17832],{"class":152},[94,70293,316],{"class":108},[24,70295,371],{},[85,70297,70299],{"className":87,"code":70298,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"blue\n['red', 'green']\n",[15,70300,70301,70306],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,70302,70303],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,70304,70305],{"class":100},"blue\n",[94,70307,70308,70310,70312,70314,70316,70318,70320,70322,70324],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,70309,539],{"class":108},[94,70311,968],{"class":331},[94,70313,13419],{"class":335},[94,70315,968],{"class":331},[94,70317,116],{"class":108},[94,70319,962],{"class":331},[94,70321,17785],{"class":335},[94,70323,968],{"class":331},[94,70325,127],{"class":108},[80,70327,2514],{"id":2513},[85,70329,70331],{"className":87,"code":70330,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"list.pop([index])\n",[15,70332,70333],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,70334,70335,70337,70339,70341,70343,70345],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,70336,965],{"class":913},[94,70338,168],{"class":108},[94,70340,26572],{"class":152},[94,70342,3342],{"class":108},[94,70344,36174],{"class":152},[94,70346,4234],{"class":108},[24,70348,2336,70349,70351],{},[15,70350,36174],{}," is optional.",[28,70353,70354,70360,70366],{},[31,70355,70356,70357,70359],{},"If you do not give an index, ",[15,70358,13088],{}," removes the last item",[31,70361,70362,70363,70365],{},"If you give an index, ",[15,70364,13088],{}," removes the item at that position",[31,70367,70368],{},"You can store the result in a variable",[24,70370,2566],{},[85,70372,70374],{"className":87,"code":70373,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nitem = letters.pop(1)\n\nprint(item)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,70375,70376,70408,70412,70431,70435,70445],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,70377,70378,70380,70382,70384,70386,70388,70390,70392,70394,70396,70398,70400,70402,70404,70406],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,70379,36418],{"class":100},[94,70381,105],{"class":104},[94,70383,109],{"class":108},[94,70385,332],{"class":331},[94,70387,434],{"class":335},[94,70389,332],{"class":331},[94,70391,116],{"class":108},[94,70393,1040],{"class":331},[94,70395,1937],{"class":335},[94,70397,332],{"class":331},[94,70399,116],{"class":108},[94,70401,1040],{"class":331},[94,70403,1946],{"class":335},[94,70405,332],{"class":331},[94,70407,127],{"class":108},[94,70409,70410],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,70411,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,70413,70414,70416,70418,70421,70423,70425,70427,70429],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,70415,28869],{"class":100},[94,70417,105],{"class":104},[94,70419,70420],{"class":100}," letters",[94,70422,168],{"class":108},[94,70424,26572],{"class":152},[94,70426,149],{"class":108},[94,70428,412],{"class":112},[94,70430,316],{"class":108},[94,70432,70433],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,70434,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,70436,70437,70439,70441,70443],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,70438,326],{"class":145},[94,70440,149],{"class":108},[94,70442,23642],{"class":152},[94,70444,316],{"class":108},[94,70446,70447,70449,70451,70453],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,70448,326],{"class":145},[94,70450,149],{"class":108},[94,70452,36471],{"class":152},[94,70454,316],{"class":108},[24,70456,371],{},[85,70458,70460],{"className":87,"code":70459,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"b\n['a', 'c']\n",[15,70461,70462,70467],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,70463,70464],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,70465,70466],{"class":100},"b\n",[94,70468,70469,70471,70473,70475,70477,70479,70481,70483,70485],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,70470,539],{"class":108},[94,70472,968],{"class":331},[94,70474,434],{"class":335},[94,70476,968],{"class":331},[94,70478,116],{"class":108},[94,70480,962],{"class":331},[94,70482,1946],{"class":335},[94,70484,968],{"class":331},[94,70486,127],{"class":108},[24,70488,70489,70490,168],{},"If you are new to list positions, see ",[434,70491,986],{"href":985},[80,70493,70495],{"id":70494},"using-pop-without-an-index","Using pop() without an index",[24,70497,70498,70499,70501],{},"When you call ",[15,70500,13088],{}," with no argument, Python removes the last item in the list.",[85,70503,70505],{"className":87,"code":70504,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"tasks = [\"write\", \"test\", \"submit\"]\n\nlast_task = tasks.pop()\n\nprint(last_task)\nprint(tasks)\n",[15,70506,70507,70542,70546,70561,70565,70576],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,70508,70509,70511,70513,70515,70517,70520,70522,70524,70526,70529,70531,70533,70535,70538,70540],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,70510,30228],{"class":100},[94,70512,105],{"class":104},[94,70514,109],{"class":108},[94,70516,332],{"class":331},[94,70518,70519],{"class":335},"write",[94,70521,332],{"class":331},[94,70523,116],{"class":108},[94,70525,1040],{"class":331},[94,70527,70528],{"class":335},"test",[94,70530,332],{"class":331},[94,70532,116],{"class":108},[94,70534,1040],{"class":331},[94,70536,70537],{"class":335},"submit",[94,70539,332],{"class":331},[94,70541,127],{"class":108},[94,70543,70544],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,70545,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,70547,70548,70551,70553,70555,70557,70559],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,70549,70550],{"class":100},"last_task ",[94,70552,105],{"class":104},[94,70554,30306],{"class":100},[94,70556,168],{"class":108},[94,70558,26572],{"class":152},[94,70560,511],{"class":108},[94,70562,70563],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,70564,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,70566,70567,70569,70571,70574],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,70568,326],{"class":145},[94,70570,149],{"class":108},[94,70572,70573],{"class":152},"last_task",[94,70575,316],{"class":108},[94,70577,70578,70580,70582,70584],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,70579,326],{"class":145},[94,70581,149],{"class":108},[94,70583,36834],{"class":152},[94,70585,316],{"class":108},[24,70587,371],{},[85,70589,70591],{"className":87,"code":70590,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"submit\n['write', 'test']\n",[15,70592,70593,70598],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,70594,70595],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,70596,70597],{"class":100},"submit\n",[94,70599,70600,70602,70604,70606,70608,70610,70612,70614,70616],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,70601,539],{"class":108},[94,70603,968],{"class":331},[94,70605,70519],{"class":335},[94,70607,968],{"class":331},[94,70609,116],{"class":108},[94,70611,962],{"class":331},[94,70613,70528],{"class":335},[94,70615,968],{"class":331},[94,70617,127],{"class":108},[24,70619,70620],{},"This is useful when using a list like a stack, where the last item added is the first item removed.",[80,70622,70624],{"id":70623},"using-pop-with-an-index","Using pop() with an index",[24,70626,70627],{},"You can pass an integer index to remove an item at a specific position.",[85,70629,70631],{"className":87,"code":70630,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\", \"orange\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,70632,70633,70673,70677,70695,70699,70709],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,70634,70635,70637,70639,70641,70643,70645,70647,70649,70651,70653,70655,70657,70659,70661,70663,70665,70667,70669,70671],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,70636,36567],{"class":100},[94,70638,105],{"class":104},[94,70640,109],{"class":108},[94,70642,332],{"class":331},[94,70644,1332],{"class":335},[94,70646,332],{"class":331},[94,70648,116],{"class":108},[94,70650,1040],{"class":331},[94,70652,4432],{"class":335},[94,70654,332],{"class":331},[94,70656,116],{"class":108},[94,70658,1040],{"class":331},[94,70660,4441],{"class":335},[94,70662,332],{"class":331},[94,70664,116],{"class":108},[94,70666,1040],{"class":331},[94,70668,33552],{"class":335},[94,70670,332],{"class":331},[94,70672,127],{"class":108},[94,70674,70675],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,70676,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,70678,70679,70681,70683,70685,70687,70689,70691,70693],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,70680,70258],{"class":100},[94,70682,105],{"class":104},[94,70684,53180],{"class":100},[94,70686,168],{"class":108},[94,70688,26572],{"class":152},[94,70690,149],{"class":108},[94,70692,412],{"class":112},[94,70694,316],{"class":108},[94,70696,70697],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,70698,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,70700,70701,70703,70705,70707],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,70702,326],{"class":145},[94,70704,149],{"class":108},[94,70706,70281],{"class":152},[94,70708,316],{"class":108},[94,70710,70711,70713,70715,70717],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,70712,326],{"class":145},[94,70714,149],{"class":108},[94,70716,36619],{"class":152},[94,70718,316],{"class":108},[24,70720,371],{},[85,70722,70724],{"className":87,"code":70723,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"banana\n['apple', 'cherry', 'orange']\n",[15,70725,70726,70731],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,70727,70728],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,70729,70730],{"class":100},"banana\n",[94,70732,70733,70735,70737,70739,70741,70743,70745,70747,70749,70751,70753,70755,70757],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,70734,539],{"class":108},[94,70736,968],{"class":331},[94,70738,1332],{"class":335},[94,70740,968],{"class":331},[94,70742,116],{"class":108},[94,70744,962],{"class":331},[94,70746,4441],{"class":335},[94,70748,968],{"class":331},[94,70750,116],{"class":108},[94,70752,962],{"class":331},[94,70754,33552],{"class":335},[94,70756,968],{"class":331},[94,70758,127],{"class":108},[24,70760,70761],{},"You can also use negative indexes:",[85,70763,70765],{"className":87,"code":70764,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(-1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,70766,70767,70799,70803,70823,70827,70837],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,70768,70769,70771,70773,70775,70777,70779,70781,70783,70785,70787,70789,70791,70793,70795,70797],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,70770,36567],{"class":100},[94,70772,105],{"class":104},[94,70774,109],{"class":108},[94,70776,332],{"class":331},[94,70778,1332],{"class":335},[94,70780,332],{"class":331},[94,70782,116],{"class":108},[94,70784,1040],{"class":331},[94,70786,4432],{"class":335},[94,70788,332],{"class":331},[94,70790,116],{"class":108},[94,70792,1040],{"class":331},[94,70794,4441],{"class":335},[94,70796,332],{"class":331},[94,70798,127],{"class":108},[94,70800,70801],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,70802,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,70804,70805,70807,70809,70811,70813,70815,70817,70819,70821],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,70806,70258],{"class":100},[94,70808,105],{"class":104},[94,70810,53180],{"class":100},[94,70812,168],{"class":108},[94,70814,26572],{"class":152},[94,70816,149],{"class":108},[94,70818,2380],{"class":104},[94,70820,412],{"class":112},[94,70822,316],{"class":108},[94,70824,70825],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,70826,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,70828,70829,70831,70833,70835],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,70830,326],{"class":145},[94,70832,149],{"class":108},[94,70834,70281],{"class":152},[94,70836,316],{"class":108},[94,70838,70839,70841,70843,70845],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,70840,326],{"class":145},[94,70842,149],{"class":108},[94,70844,36619],{"class":152},[94,70846,316],{"class":108},[24,70848,371],{},[85,70850,70852],{"className":87,"code":70851,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"cherry\n['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,70853,70854,70859],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,70855,70856],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,70857,70858],{"class":100},"cherry\n",[94,70860,70861,70863,70865,70867,70869,70871,70873,70875,70877],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,70862,539],{"class":108},[94,70864,968],{"class":331},[94,70866,1332],{"class":335},[94,70868,968],{"class":331},[94,70870,116],{"class":108},[94,70872,962],{"class":331},[94,70874,4432],{"class":335},[94,70876,968],{"class":331},[94,70878,127],{"class":108},[24,70880,70881,70882,70884],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. So ",[15,70883,66178],{}," means the last item.",[24,70886,70887,70888,168],{},"If you need to find a position before removing it, see the ",[434,70889,70890,567],{"href":59289},[15,70891,65189],{},[80,70893,70895],{"id":70894},"what-pop-returns","What pop() returns",[24,70897,70898,70900],{},[15,70899,13088],{}," returns the item that was removed.",[24,70902,70903,70904,1139,70906,168],{},"This is one of the biggest differences between ",[15,70905,13088],{},[434,70907,70908],{"href":55400},[15,70909,55856],{},[24,70911,2566],{},[85,70913,70915],{"className":87,"code":70914,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nremoved_name = names.pop(0)\n\nprint(removed_name)\nprint(names)\n",[15,70916,70917,70949,70953,70972,70976,70987],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,70918,70919,70921,70923,70925,70927,70929,70931,70933,70935,70937,70939,70941,70943,70945,70947],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,70920,1024],{"class":100},[94,70922,105],{"class":104},[94,70924,109],{"class":108},[94,70926,332],{"class":331},[94,70928,13206],{"class":335},[94,70930,332],{"class":331},[94,70932,116],{"class":108},[94,70934,1040],{"class":331},[94,70936,36268],{"class":335},[94,70938,332],{"class":331},[94,70940,116],{"class":108},[94,70942,1040],{"class":331},[94,70944,36277],{"class":335},[94,70946,332],{"class":331},[94,70948,127],{"class":108},[94,70950,70951],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,70952,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,70954,70955,70958,70960,70962,70964,70966,70968,70970],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,70956,70957],{"class":100},"removed_name ",[94,70959,105],{"class":104},[94,70961,69900],{"class":100},[94,70963,168],{"class":108},[94,70965,26572],{"class":152},[94,70967,149],{"class":108},[94,70969,2476],{"class":112},[94,70971,316],{"class":108},[94,70973,70974],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,70975,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,70977,70978,70980,70982,70985],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,70979,326],{"class":145},[94,70981,149],{"class":108},[94,70983,70984],{"class":152},"removed_name",[94,70986,316],{"class":108},[94,70988,70989,70991,70993,70995],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,70990,326],{"class":145},[94,70992,149],{"class":108},[94,70994,1065],{"class":152},[94,70996,316],{"class":108},[24,70998,371],{},[85,71000,71002],{"className":87,"code":71001,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"Ana\n['Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,71003,71004,71008],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,71005,71006],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,71007,50371],{"class":100},[94,71009,71010,71012,71014,71016,71018,71020,71022,71024,71026],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,71011,539],{"class":108},[94,71013,968],{"class":331},[94,71015,36268],{"class":335},[94,71017,968],{"class":331},[94,71019,116],{"class":108},[94,71021,962],{"class":331},[94,71023,36277],{"class":335},[94,71025,968],{"class":331},[94,71027,127],{"class":108},[24,71029,71030],{},"This is useful when you need the removed value after taking it out of the list.",[24,71032,71033,71034,71036,71037,168],{},"By comparison, ",[15,71035,55856],{}," deletes by value and returns ",[15,71038,77],{},[80,71040,71042],{"id":71041},"common-errors-and-edge-cases","Common errors and edge cases",[265,71044,71046],{"id":71045},"popping-from-an-empty-list","Popping from an empty list",[24,71048,71049,71050,71052,71053,168],{},"If the list is empty, ",[15,71051,13088],{}," raises an ",[15,71054,71055],{},"IndexError",[85,71057,71059],{"className":87,"code":71058,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"items = []\nitems.pop()\n",[15,71060,71061,71069],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,71062,71063,71065,71067],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,71064,8113],{"class":100},[94,71066,105],{"class":104},[94,71068,8173],{"class":108},[94,71070,71071,71073,71075,71077],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,71072,8144],{"class":100},[94,71074,168],{"class":108},[94,71076,26572],{"class":152},[94,71078,511],{"class":108},[24,71080,371],{},[85,71082,71084],{"className":87,"code":71083,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"IndexError: pop from empty list\n",[15,71085,71086],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,71087,71088,71090,71092,71095,71098,71101],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,71089,71055],{"class":913},[94,71091,384],{"class":108},[94,71093,71094],{"class":100}," pop ",[94,71096,71097],{"class":4221},"from",[94,71099,71100],{"class":100}," empty ",[94,71102,50217],{"class":913},[24,71104,39592],{},[28,71106,71107,71112],{},[31,71108,71109,71110],{},"Check that the list is not empty before calling ",[15,71111,13088],{},[31,71113,71114,71115,1139,71117],{},"Or handle the error with ",[15,71116,30134],{},[15,71118,30165],{},[24,71120,2566],{},[85,71122,71124],{"className":87,"code":71123,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"items = []\n\nif items:\n    print(items.pop())\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty.\")\n",[15,71125,71126,71134,71138,71146,71160,71166],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,71127,71128,71130,71132],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,71129,8113],{"class":100},[94,71131,105],{"class":104},[94,71133,8173],{"class":108},[94,71135,71136],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,71137,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,71139,71140,71142,71144],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,71141,7330],{"class":4221},[94,71143,6297],{"class":100},[94,71145,6726],{"class":108},[94,71147,71148,71150,71152,71154,71156,71158],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,71149,8404],{"class":145},[94,71151,149],{"class":108},[94,71153,8144],{"class":152},[94,71155,168],{"class":108},[94,71157,26572],{"class":152},[94,71159,7527],{"class":108},[94,71161,71162,71164],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,71163,27765],{"class":4221},[94,71165,6726],{"class":108},[94,71167,71168,71170,71172,71174,71177,71179],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,71169,8404],{"class":145},[94,71171,149],{"class":108},[94,71173,332],{"class":331},[94,71175,71176],{"class":335},"The list is empty.",[94,71178,332],{"class":331},[94,71180,316],{"class":108},[265,71182,71184],{"id":71183},"using-an-index-that-does-not-exist","Using an index that does not exist",[24,71186,71187,71188,168],{},"If the index is outside the valid range, Python raises an ",[15,71189,71055],{},[85,71191,71193],{"className":87,"code":71192,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(5)\n",[15,71194,71195,71215],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,71196,71197,71199,71201,71203,71205,71207,71209,71211,71213],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,71198,101],{"class":100},[94,71200,105],{"class":104},[94,71202,109],{"class":108},[94,71204,2688],{"class":112},[94,71206,116],{"class":108},[94,71208,8124],{"class":112},[94,71210,116],{"class":108},[94,71212,8129],{"class":112},[94,71214,127],{"class":108},[94,71216,71217,71219,71221,71223,71225,71227],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,71218,153],{"class":100},[94,71220,168],{"class":108},[94,71222,26572],{"class":152},[94,71224,149],{"class":108},[94,71226,615],{"class":112},[94,71228,316],{"class":108},[24,71230,371],{},[85,71232,71234],{"className":87,"code":71233,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"IndexError: pop index out of range\n",[15,71235,71236],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,71237,71238,71240,71242,71245],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,71239,71055],{"class":913},[94,71241,384],{"class":108},[94,71243,71244],{"class":100}," pop index out of ",[94,71246,71247],{"class":145},"range\n",[24,71249,39592],{},[28,71251,71252,71257],{},[31,71253,71254,71255],{},"Check the list length with ",[15,71256,42691],{},[31,71258,71259],{},"Make sure the index is valid before removing",[85,71261,71263],{"className":87,"code":71262,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = 2\n\nif 0 \u003C= index \u003C len(numbers):\n    print(numbers.pop(index))\nelse:\n    print(\"Index is out of range.\")\n",[15,71264,71265,71285,71294,71298,71320,71338,71344],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,71266,71267,71269,71271,71273,71275,71277,71279,71281,71283],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,71268,101],{"class":100},[94,71270,105],{"class":104},[94,71272,109],{"class":108},[94,71274,2688],{"class":112},[94,71276,116],{"class":108},[94,71278,8124],{"class":112},[94,71280,116],{"class":108},[94,71282,8129],{"class":112},[94,71284,127],{"class":108},[94,71286,71287,71290,71292],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,71288,71289],{"class":100},"index ",[94,71291,105],{"class":104},[94,71293,45921],{"class":112},[94,71295,71296],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,71297,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,71299,71300,71302,71304,71307,71310,71312,71314,71316,71318],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,71301,7330],{"class":4221},[94,71303,4178],{"class":112},[94,71305,71306],{"class":104}," \u003C=",[94,71308,71309],{"class":100}," index ",[94,71311,955],{"class":104},[94,71313,38716],{"class":145},[94,71315,149],{"class":108},[94,71317,153],{"class":152},[94,71319,8676],{"class":108},[94,71321,71322,71324,71326,71328,71330,71332,71334,71336],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,71323,8404],{"class":145},[94,71325,149],{"class":108},[94,71327,153],{"class":152},[94,71329,168],{"class":108},[94,71331,26572],{"class":152},[94,71333,149],{"class":108},[94,71335,36174],{"class":152},[94,71337,921],{"class":108},[94,71339,71340,71342],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,71341,27765],{"class":4221},[94,71343,6726],{"class":108},[94,71345,71346,71348,71350,71352,71355,71357],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,71347,8404],{"class":145},[94,71349,149],{"class":108},[94,71351,332],{"class":331},[94,71353,71354],{"class":335},"Index is out of range.",[94,71356,332],{"class":331},[94,71358,316],{"class":108},[24,71360,71361,71362,168],{},"For more help with this kind of problem, see ",[434,71363,69583],{"href":69582},[265,71365,71367],{"id":71366},"passing-a-non-integer-index","Passing a non-integer index",[24,71369,71370,71372],{},[15,71371,13088],{}," expects an integer index.",[85,71374,71376],{"className":87,"code":71375,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(\"1\")\n",[15,71377,71378,71398],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,71379,71380,71382,71384,71386,71388,71390,71392,71394,71396],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,71381,101],{"class":100},[94,71383,105],{"class":104},[94,71385,109],{"class":108},[94,71387,2688],{"class":112},[94,71389,116],{"class":108},[94,71391,8124],{"class":112},[94,71393,116],{"class":108},[94,71395,8129],{"class":112},[94,71397,127],{"class":108},[94,71399,71400,71402,71404,71406,71408,71410,71412,71414],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,71401,153],{"class":100},[94,71403,168],{"class":108},[94,71405,26572],{"class":152},[94,71407,149],{"class":108},[94,71409,332],{"class":331},[94,71411,412],{"class":335},[94,71413,332],{"class":331},[94,71415,316],{"class":108},[24,71417,371],{},[85,71419,71421],{"className":87,"code":71420,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"TypeError: 'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer\n",[15,71422,71423],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,71424,71425,71427,71429,71431,71433,71435,71437,71440,71443],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,71426,3361],{"class":913},[94,71428,384],{"class":108},[94,71430,962],{"class":331},[94,71432,1372],{"class":335},[94,71434,968],{"class":331},[94,71436,24949],{"class":913},[94,71438,71439],{"class":100}," cannot be interpreted ",[94,71441,71442],{"class":4221},"as",[94,71444,71445],{"class":100}," an integer\n",[24,71447,39592],{},[28,71449,71450,71459],{},[31,71451,71452,71453,2547,71455,2551,71457],{},"Pass an integer such as ",[15,71454,2476],{},[15,71456,412],{},[15,71458,66178],{},[31,71460,71461],{},"If the value comes from input, convert it first",[85,71463,71465],{"className":87,"code":71464,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = int(\"1\")\n\nprint(numbers.pop(index))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71466,71467,71487,71505,71509,71527],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,71468,71469,71471,71473,71475,71477,71479,71481,71483,71485],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,71470,101],{"class":100},[94,71472,105],{"class":104},[94,71474,109],{"class":108},[94,71476,2688],{"class":112},[94,71478,116],{"class":108},[94,71480,8124],{"class":112},[94,71482,116],{"class":108},[94,71484,8129],{"class":112},[94,71486,127],{"class":108},[94,71488,71489,71491,71493,71495,71497,71499,71501,71503],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,71490,71289],{"class":100},[94,71492,105],{"class":104},[94,71494,45608],{"class":913},[94,71496,149],{"class":108},[94,71498,332],{"class":331},[94,71500,412],{"class":335},[94,71502,332],{"class":331},[94,71504,316],{"class":108},[94,71506,71507],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,71508,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,71510,71511,71513,71515,71517,71519,71521,71523,71525],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,71512,326],{"class":145},[94,71514,149],{"class":108},[94,71516,153],{"class":152},[94,71518,168],{"class":108},[94,71520,26572],{"class":152},[94,71522,149],{"class":108},[94,71524,36174],{"class":152},[94,71526,921],{"class":108},[94,71528,71529,71531,71533,71535],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,71530,326],{"class":145},[94,71532,149],{"class":108},[94,71534,153],{"class":152},[94,71536,316],{"class":108},[24,71538,371],{},[85,71540,71542],{"className":87,"code":71541,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"20\n[10, 30]\n",[15,71543,71544,71549],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,71545,71546],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,71547,71548],{"class":112},"20\n",[94,71550,71551,71553,71555,71557,71559],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,71552,539],{"class":108},[94,71554,2688],{"class":112},[94,71556,116],{"class":108},[94,71558,8129],{"class":112},[94,71560,127],{"class":108},[80,71562,71564],{"id":71563},"pop-vs-remove","pop() vs remove()",[24,71566,71567],{},"These methods are similar, but they are not the same.",[265,71569,54,71571,822],{"id":71570},"use-pop-when",[15,71572,13088],{},[28,71574,71575,71578,71581],{},[31,71576,71577],{},"you want to remove by index",[31,71579,71580],{},"you want the removed item returned",[31,71582,71583],{},"you want to remove the last item by default",[265,71585,54,71587,822],{"id":71586},"use-remove-when",[15,71588,55856],{},[28,71590,71591,71594],{},[31,71592,71593],{},"you want to remove by value",[31,71595,71596],{},"you know the item itself, not its position",[24,71598,71599],{},"Compare these examples:",[85,71601,71603],{"className":87,"code":71602,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nremoved = numbers.pop(1)\nprint(removed)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71604,71605,71629,71633,71651,71661],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,71606,71607,71609,71611,71613,71615,71617,71619,71621,71623,71625,71627],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,71608,101],{"class":100},[94,71610,105],{"class":104},[94,71612,109],{"class":108},[94,71614,2688],{"class":112},[94,71616,116],{"class":108},[94,71618,8124],{"class":112},[94,71620,116],{"class":108},[94,71622,8129],{"class":112},[94,71624,116],{"class":108},[94,71626,8124],{"class":112},[94,71628,127],{"class":108},[94,71630,71631],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,71632,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,71634,71635,71637,71639,71641,71643,71645,71647,71649],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,71636,70258],{"class":100},[94,71638,105],{"class":104},[94,71640,343],{"class":100},[94,71642,168],{"class":108},[94,71644,26572],{"class":152},[94,71646,149],{"class":108},[94,71648,412],{"class":112},[94,71650,316],{"class":108},[94,71652,71653,71655,71657,71659],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,71654,326],{"class":145},[94,71656,149],{"class":108},[94,71658,70281],{"class":152},[94,71660,316],{"class":108},[94,71662,71663,71665,71667,71669],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,71664,326],{"class":145},[94,71666,149],{"class":108},[94,71668,153],{"class":152},[94,71670,316],{"class":108},[24,71672,371],{},[85,71674,71676],{"className":87,"code":71675,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"20\n[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,71677,71678,71682],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,71679,71680],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,71681,71548],{"class":112},[94,71683,71684,71686,71688,71690,71692,71694,71696],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,71685,539],{"class":108},[94,71687,2688],{"class":112},[94,71689,116],{"class":108},[94,71691,8129],{"class":112},[94,71693,116],{"class":108},[94,71695,8124],{"class":112},[94,71697,127],{"class":108},[85,71699,71701],{"className":87,"code":71700,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nnumbers.remove(20)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71702,71703,71727,71731,71745],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,71704,71705,71707,71709,71711,71713,71715,71717,71719,71721,71723,71725],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,71706,101],{"class":100},[94,71708,105],{"class":104},[94,71710,109],{"class":108},[94,71712,2688],{"class":112},[94,71714,116],{"class":108},[94,71716,8124],{"class":112},[94,71718,116],{"class":108},[94,71720,8129],{"class":112},[94,71722,116],{"class":108},[94,71724,8124],{"class":112},[94,71726,127],{"class":108},[94,71728,71729],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,71730,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,71732,71733,71735,71737,71739,71741,71743],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,71734,153],{"class":100},[94,71736,168],{"class":108},[94,71738,35124],{"class":152},[94,71740,149],{"class":108},[94,71742,16082],{"class":112},[94,71744,316],{"class":108},[94,71746,71747,71749,71751,71753],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,71748,326],{"class":145},[94,71750,149],{"class":108},[94,71752,153],{"class":152},[94,71754,316],{"class":108},[24,71756,371],{},[85,71758,71760],{"className":87,"code":71759,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,71761,71762],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,71763,71764,71766,71768,71770,71772,71774,71776],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,71765,539],{"class":108},[94,71767,2688],{"class":112},[94,71769,116],{"class":108},[94,71771,8129],{"class":112},[94,71773,116],{"class":108},[94,71775,8124],{"class":112},[94,71777,127],{"class":108},[24,71779,71780,71781,71784,71785,168],{},"In the first example, ",[15,71782,71783],{},"pop(1)"," removes the item at index ",[15,71786,412],{},[24,71788,56929,71789,71792,71793,168],{},[15,71790,71791],{},"remove(20)"," removes the first matching value ",[15,71794,16082],{},[24,71796,71797,71798,168],{},"If your goal is practical list cleanup, see ",[434,71799,55396],{"href":55395},[80,71801,3186],{"id":3185},[24,71803,71804,71805,384],{},"Beginners often run into these problems with ",[15,71806,13088],{},[28,71808,71809,71812,71815,71821,71825],{},[31,71810,71811],{},"Trying to pop from an empty list",[31,71813,71814],{},"Using an index larger than the list length",[31,71816,37533,71817,9037,71819],{},[15,71818,13088],{},[15,71820,55856],{},[31,71822,8786,71823,62297],{},[15,71824,13088],{},[31,71826,71827],{},"Passing a string instead of an integer index",[24,71829,71830],{},"Helpful checks while debugging:",[85,71832,71834],{"className":87,"code":71833,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.pop())\nprint(my_list.pop(0))\nprint(type(index))\n",[15,71835,71836,71846,71860,71874,71892],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,71837,71838,71840,71842,71844],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,71839,326],{"class":145},[94,71841,149],{"class":108},[94,71843,594],{"class":152},[94,71845,316],{"class":108},[94,71847,71848,71850,71852,71854,71856,71858],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,71849,326],{"class":145},[94,71851,149],{"class":108},[94,71853,11490],{"class":145},[94,71855,149],{"class":108},[94,71857,594],{"class":152},[94,71859,921],{"class":108},[94,71861,71862,71864,71866,71868,71870,71872],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,71863,326],{"class":145},[94,71865,149],{"class":108},[94,71867,594],{"class":152},[94,71869,168],{"class":108},[94,71871,26572],{"class":152},[94,71873,7527],{"class":108},[94,71875,71876,71878,71880,71882,71884,71886,71888,71890],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,71877,326],{"class":145},[94,71879,149],{"class":108},[94,71881,594],{"class":152},[94,71883,168],{"class":108},[94,71885,26572],{"class":152},[94,71887,149],{"class":108},[94,71889,2476],{"class":112},[94,71891,921],{"class":108},[94,71893,71894,71896,71898,71900,71902,71904],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,71895,326],{"class":145},[94,71897,149],{"class":108},[94,71899,914],{"class":913},[94,71901,149],{"class":108},[94,71903,36174],{"class":152},[94,71905,921],{"class":108},[24,71907,71908],{},"Be careful with these debugging lines:",[28,71910,71911,71917],{},[31,71912,71913,71916],{},[15,71914,71915],{},"print(my_list.pop())"," changes the list",[31,71918,71919,71922],{},[15,71920,71921],{},"print(my_list.pop(0))"," also changes the list",[24,71924,71925,71926,71929],{},"If you only want to inspect the list, use ",[15,71927,71928],{},"print(my_list)"," first.",[80,71931,2160],{"id":2159},[265,71933,71935],{"id":71934},"does-pop-remove-the-last-item-by-default","Does pop() remove the last item by default?",[24,71937,71938,71939,71941],{},"Yes. If you do not pass an index, ",[15,71940,13088],{}," removes and returns the last item.",[265,71943,71945],{"id":71944},"what-is-the-difference-between-pop-and-remove","What is the difference between pop() and remove()?",[24,71947,71948,71950,71951,71953,71954,168],{},[15,71949,13088],{}," removes by index and returns the removed item. ",[15,71952,55856],{}," removes by value and returns ",[15,71955,77],{},[265,71957,71959],{"id":71958},"can-pop-use-negative-indexes","Can pop() use negative indexes?",[24,71961,71962,71963,71966],{},"Yes. For example, ",[15,71964,71965],{},"pop(-1)"," removes the last item.",[265,71968,71970],{"id":71969},"what-happens-if-the-list-is-empty","What happens if the list is empty?",[24,71972,71973,71974,71976],{},"Python raises ",[15,71975,71055],{}," because there is no item to remove.",[80,71978,2232],{"id":2231},[28,71980,71981,71985,71990,71995,72000],{},[31,71982,71983],{},[434,71984,55842],{"href":55395},[31,71986,71987],{},[434,71988,71989],{"href":55400},"Python list remove() method",[31,71991,71992],{},[434,71993,71994],{"href":59289},"Python list index() method",[31,71996,71997],{},[434,71998,71999],{"href":985},"Python lists explained: beginner guide",[31,72001,72002],{},[434,72003,69583],{"href":69582},[2260,72005,72006],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":90,"searchDepth":130,"depth":130,"links":72008},[72009,72010,72011,72012,72013,72014,72015,72020,72026,72027,72033],{"id":2360,"depth":130,"text":2361},{"id":70184,"depth":130,"text":70185},{"id":2513,"depth":130,"text":2514},{"id":70494,"depth":130,"text":70495},{"id":70623,"depth":130,"text":70624},{"id":70894,"depth":130,"text":70895},{"id":71041,"depth":130,"text":71042,"children":72016},[72017,72018,72019],{"id":71045,"depth":137,"text":71046},{"id":71183,"depth":137,"text":71184},{"id":71366,"depth":137,"text":71367},{"id":71563,"depth":130,"text":71564,"children":72021},[72022,72024],{"id":71570,"depth":137,"text":72023},"Use pop() when:",{"id":71586,"depth":137,"text":72025},"Use remove() when:",{"id":3185,"depth":130,"text":3186},{"id":2159,"depth":130,"text":2160,"children":72028},[72029,72030,72031,72032],{"id":71934,"depth":137,"text":71935},{"id":71944,"depth":137,"text":71945},{"id":71958,"depth":137,"text":71959},{"id":71969,"depth":137,"text":71970},{"id":2231,"depth":130,"text":2232},"Master python list pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method",{"title":70051,"description":72034},"reference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method","kHX2O4xs3stUx9ClpKy3mBjYQCERRseG-ecaBv6b1II",{"id":72041,"title":72042,"body":72043,"description":73829,"extension":2319,"meta":73830,"navigation":133,"path":73831,"seo":73832,"stem":73833,"__hash__":73834},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method.md","Python List remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":72044,"toc":73811},[72045,72048,72053,72059,72061,72131,72137,72141,72146,72167,72170,72237,72239,72260,72268,72270,72289,72305,72307,72372,72374,72399,72401,72403,72468,72470,72495,72497,72511,72514,72567,72569,72590,72594,72602,72675,72677,72710,72716,72722,72813,72815,72840,72846,72935,72937,72961,72963,72967,73022,73024,73056,73059,73062,73156,73158,73191,73197,73203,73207,73214,73240,73244,73309,73311,73336,73340,73421,73423,73452,73457,73462,73468,73472,73479,73501,73505,73564,73566,73590,73599,73604,73606,73610,73639,73641,73716,73719,73733,73739,73741,73745,73748,73752,73757,73761,73770,73774,73782,73784,73808],[10,72046,72042],{"id":72047},"python-list-remove-method",[24,72049,2336,72050,72052],{},[15,72051,55403],{}," method deletes the first item in a list that matches a given value.",[24,72054,72055,72056,72058],{},"Use this method when you know the ",[43,72057,2829],{}," you want to remove, not the position. This page focuses on removing by value, not by index.",[80,72060,2361],{"id":2360},[85,72062,72064],{"className":87,"code":72063,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,72065,72066,72098,72116,72126],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,72067,72068,72070,72072,72074,72076,72078,72080,72082,72084,72086,72088,72090,72092,72094,72096],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,72069,8113],{"class":100},[94,72071,105],{"class":104},[94,72073,109],{"class":108},[94,72075,332],{"class":331},[94,72077,1332],{"class":335},[94,72079,332],{"class":331},[94,72081,116],{"class":108},[94,72083,1040],{"class":331},[94,72085,4432],{"class":335},[94,72087,332],{"class":331},[94,72089,116],{"class":108},[94,72091,1040],{"class":331},[94,72093,33552],{"class":335},[94,72095,332],{"class":331},[94,72097,127],{"class":108},[94,72099,72100,72102,72104,72106,72108,72110,72112,72114],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,72101,8144],{"class":100},[94,72103,168],{"class":108},[94,72105,35124],{"class":152},[94,72107,149],{"class":108},[94,72109,332],{"class":331},[94,72111,4432],{"class":335},[94,72113,332],{"class":331},[94,72115,316],{"class":108},[94,72117,72118,72120,72122,72124],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,72119,326],{"class":145},[94,72121,149],{"class":108},[94,72123,8144],{"class":152},[94,72125,316],{"class":108},[94,72127,72128],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,72129,72130],{"class":159},"# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[24,72132,54,72133,72136],{},[15,72134,72135],{},"remove(value)"," to delete the first matching item from a list.",[80,72138,72140],{"id":72139},"what-remove-does","What remove() does",[24,72142,72143,72145],{},[15,72144,55856],{}," is a list method that:",[28,72147,72148,72154,72159,72164],{},[31,72149,72150,72151,72153],{},"Deletes the ",[43,72152,30239],{}," item in the list that matches the value",[31,72155,72156,72157],{},"Changes the original list ",[43,72158,11663],{},[31,72160,13029,72161,72163],{},[43,72162,45],{}," return a new list",[31,72165,72166],{},"Is useful when you know the item value you want to delete",[24,72168,72169],{},"This is important for beginners:",[85,72171,72173],{"className":87,"code":72172,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.remove(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,72174,72175,72195,72213,72217,72227],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,72176,72177,72179,72181,72183,72185,72187,72189,72191,72193],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,72178,101],{"class":100},[94,72180,105],{"class":104},[94,72182,109],{"class":108},[94,72184,412],{"class":112},[94,72186,116],{"class":108},[94,72188,124],{"class":112},[94,72190,116],{"class":108},[94,72192,421],{"class":112},[94,72194,127],{"class":108},[94,72196,72197,72199,72201,72203,72205,72207,72209,72211],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,72198,305],{"class":100},[94,72200,105],{"class":104},[94,72202,343],{"class":100},[94,72204,168],{"class":108},[94,72206,35124],{"class":152},[94,72208,149],{"class":108},[94,72210,763],{"class":112},[94,72212,316],{"class":108},[94,72214,72215],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,72216,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,72218,72219,72221,72223,72225],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,72220,326],{"class":145},[94,72222,149],{"class":108},[94,72224,153],{"class":152},[94,72226,316],{"class":108},[94,72228,72229,72231,72233,72235],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,72230,326],{"class":145},[94,72232,149],{"class":108},[94,72234,902],{"class":152},[94,72236,316],{"class":108},[24,72238,371],{},[85,72240,72242],{"className":87,"code":72241,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"[1, 3]\nNone\n",[15,72243,72244,72256],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,72245,72246,72248,72250,72252,72254],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,72247,539],{"class":108},[94,72249,412],{"class":112},[94,72251,116],{"class":108},[94,72253,421],{"class":112},[94,72255,127],{"class":108},[94,72257,72258],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,72259,1593],{"class":1224},[24,72261,72262,72263,72265,72266,168],{},"The list changed, but ",[15,72264,55856],{}," itself returned ",[15,72267,77],{},[80,72269,5763],{"id":5762},[85,72271,72273],{"className":87,"code":72272,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"list.remove(value)\n",[15,72274,72275],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,72276,72277,72279,72281,72283,72285,72287],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,72278,965],{"class":913},[94,72280,168],{"class":108},[94,72282,35124],{"class":152},[94,72284,149],{"class":108},[94,72286,2829],{"class":152},[94,72288,316],{"class":108},[28,72290,72291,72296,72299],{},[31,72292,72293,72295],{},[15,72294,2829],{}," is the item you want to delete",[31,72297,72298],{},"Python searches from left to right",[31,72300,72301,72302,72304],{},"Only the ",[43,72303,30239],{}," matching value is removed",[24,72306,2566],{},[85,72308,72310],{"className":87,"code":72309,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nletters.remove(\"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,72311,72312,72344,72362],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,72313,72314,72316,72318,72320,72322,72324,72326,72328,72330,72332,72334,72336,72338,72340,72342],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,72315,36418],{"class":100},[94,72317,105],{"class":104},[94,72319,109],{"class":108},[94,72321,332],{"class":331},[94,72323,434],{"class":335},[94,72325,332],{"class":331},[94,72327,116],{"class":108},[94,72329,1040],{"class":331},[94,72331,1937],{"class":335},[94,72333,332],{"class":331},[94,72335,116],{"class":108},[94,72337,1040],{"class":331},[94,72339,1946],{"class":335},[94,72341,332],{"class":331},[94,72343,127],{"class":108},[94,72345,72346,72348,72350,72352,72354,72356,72358,72360],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,72347,36471],{"class":100},[94,72349,168],{"class":108},[94,72351,35124],{"class":152},[94,72353,149],{"class":108},[94,72355,332],{"class":331},[94,72357,1937],{"class":335},[94,72359,332],{"class":331},[94,72361,316],{"class":108},[94,72363,72364,72366,72368,72370],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,72365,326],{"class":145},[94,72367,149],{"class":108},[94,72369,36471],{"class":152},[94,72371,316],{"class":108},[24,72373,371],{},[85,72375,72377],{"className":87,"code":72376,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"['a', 'c']\n",[15,72378,72379],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,72380,72381,72383,72385,72387,72389,72391,72393,72395,72397],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,72382,539],{"class":108},[94,72384,968],{"class":331},[94,72386,434],{"class":335},[94,72388,968],{"class":331},[94,72390,116],{"class":108},[94,72392,962],{"class":331},[94,72394,1946],{"class":335},[94,72396,968],{"class":331},[94,72398,127],{"class":108},[80,72400,6118],{"id":6117},[24,72402,65498],{},[85,72404,72406],{"className":87,"code":72405,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,72407,72408,72440,72458],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,72409,72410,72412,72414,72416,72418,72420,72422,72424,72426,72428,72430,72432,72434,72436,72438],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,72411,13402],{"class":100},[94,72413,105],{"class":104},[94,72415,109],{"class":108},[94,72417,332],{"class":331},[94,72419,13419],{"class":335},[94,72421,332],{"class":331},[94,72423,116],{"class":108},[94,72425,1040],{"class":331},[94,72427,13436],{"class":335},[94,72429,332],{"class":331},[94,72431,116],{"class":108},[94,72433,1040],{"class":331},[94,72435,17785],{"class":335},[94,72437,332],{"class":331},[94,72439,127],{"class":108},[94,72441,72442,72444,72446,72448,72450,72452,72454,72456],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,72443,17832],{"class":100},[94,72445,168],{"class":108},[94,72447,35124],{"class":152},[94,72449,149],{"class":108},[94,72451,332],{"class":331},[94,72453,13436],{"class":335},[94,72455,332],{"class":331},[94,72457,316],{"class":108},[94,72459,72460,72462,72464,72466],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,72461,326],{"class":145},[94,72463,149],{"class":108},[94,72465,17832],{"class":152},[94,72467,316],{"class":108},[24,72469,371],{},[85,72471,72473],{"className":87,"code":72472,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"['red', 'green']\n",[15,72474,72475],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,72476,72477,72479,72481,72483,72485,72487,72489,72491,72493],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,72478,539],{"class":108},[94,72480,968],{"class":331},[94,72482,13419],{"class":335},[94,72484,968],{"class":331},[94,72486,116],{"class":108},[94,72488,962],{"class":331},[94,72490,17785],{"class":335},[94,72492,968],{"class":331},[94,72494,127],{"class":108},[24,72496,12014],{},[28,72498,72499,72502,72508],{},[31,72500,72501],{},"A list is created with three values",[31,72503,72504,72507],{},[15,72505,72506],{},"remove(\"blue\")"," deletes the matching item",[31,72509,72510],{},"The list is printed after the change",[24,72512,72513],{},"You can use the same method with numbers too:",[85,72515,72517],{"className":87,"code":72516,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"scores = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nscores.remove(30)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,72518,72519,72543,72557],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,72520,72521,72523,72525,72527,72529,72531,72533,72535,72537,72539,72541],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,72522,5401],{"class":100},[94,72524,105],{"class":104},[94,72526,109],{"class":108},[94,72528,2688],{"class":112},[94,72530,116],{"class":108},[94,72532,8124],{"class":112},[94,72534,116],{"class":108},[94,72536,8129],{"class":112},[94,72538,116],{"class":108},[94,72540,51174],{"class":112},[94,72542,127],{"class":108},[94,72544,72545,72547,72549,72551,72553,72555],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,72546,16717],{"class":100},[94,72548,168],{"class":108},[94,72550,35124],{"class":152},[94,72552,149],{"class":108},[94,72554,37170],{"class":112},[94,72556,316],{"class":108},[94,72558,72559,72561,72563,72565],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,72560,326],{"class":145},[94,72562,149],{"class":108},[94,72564,16717],{"class":152},[94,72566,316],{"class":108},[24,72568,371],{},[85,72570,72572],{"className":87,"code":72571,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"[10, 20, 40]\n",[15,72573,72574],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,72575,72576,72578,72580,72582,72584,72586,72588],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,72577,539],{"class":108},[94,72579,2688],{"class":112},[94,72581,116],{"class":108},[94,72583,8124],{"class":112},[94,72585,116],{"class":108},[94,72587,51174],{"class":112},[94,72589,127],{"class":108},[80,72591,72593],{"id":72592},"what-happens-with-duplicates","What happens with duplicates",[24,72595,65488,72596,72598,72599,72601],{},[15,72597,55856],{}," deletes only the ",[43,72600,30239],{}," one.",[85,72603,72605],{"className":87,"code":72604,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72606,72607,72647,72665],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,72608,72609,72611,72613,72615,72617,72619,72621,72623,72625,72627,72629,72631,72633,72635,72637,72639,72641,72643,72645],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,72610,8113],{"class":100},[94,72612,105],{"class":104},[94,72614,109],{"class":108},[94,72616,332],{"class":331},[94,72618,1332],{"class":335},[94,72620,332],{"class":331},[94,72622,116],{"class":108},[94,72624,1040],{"class":331},[94,72626,4432],{"class":335},[94,72628,332],{"class":331},[94,72630,116],{"class":108},[94,72632,1040],{"class":331},[94,72634,1332],{"class":335},[94,72636,332],{"class":331},[94,72638,116],{"class":108},[94,72640,1040],{"class":331},[94,72642,33552],{"class":335},[94,72644,332],{"class":331},[94,72646,127],{"class":108},[94,72648,72649,72651,72653,72655,72657,72659,72661,72663],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,72650,8144],{"class":100},[94,72652,168],{"class":108},[94,72654,35124],{"class":152},[94,72656,149],{"class":108},[94,72658,332],{"class":331},[94,72660,1332],{"class":335},[94,72662,332],{"class":331},[94,72664,316],{"class":108},[94,72666,72667,72669,72671,72673],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,72668,326],{"class":145},[94,72670,149],{"class":108},[94,72672,8144],{"class":152},[94,72674,316],{"class":108},[24,72676,371],{},[85,72678,72680],{"className":87,"code":72679,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"['banana', 'apple', 'orange']\n",[15,72681,72682],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,72683,72684,72686,72688,72690,72692,72694,72696,72698,72700,72702,72704,72706,72708],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,72685,539],{"class":108},[94,72687,968],{"class":331},[94,72689,4432],{"class":335},[94,72691,968],{"class":331},[94,72693,116],{"class":108},[94,72695,962],{"class":331},[94,72697,1332],{"class":335},[94,72699,968],{"class":331},[94,72701,116],{"class":108},[94,72703,962],{"class":331},[94,72705,33552],{"class":335},[94,72707,968],{"class":331},[94,72709,127],{"class":108},[24,72711,72712,72713,72715],{},"Only the first ",[15,72714,58157],{}," was removed.",[24,72717,72718,72719,72721],{},"If you want to remove another matching value, call ",[15,72720,55856],{}," again:",[85,72723,72725],{"className":87,"code":72724,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72726,72727,72767,72785,72803],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,72728,72729,72731,72733,72735,72737,72739,72741,72743,72745,72747,72749,72751,72753,72755,72757,72759,72761,72763,72765],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,72730,8113],{"class":100},[94,72732,105],{"class":104},[94,72734,109],{"class":108},[94,72736,332],{"class":331},[94,72738,1332],{"class":335},[94,72740,332],{"class":331},[94,72742,116],{"class":108},[94,72744,1040],{"class":331},[94,72746,4432],{"class":335},[94,72748,332],{"class":331},[94,72750,116],{"class":108},[94,72752,1040],{"class":331},[94,72754,1332],{"class":335},[94,72756,332],{"class":331},[94,72758,116],{"class":108},[94,72760,1040],{"class":331},[94,72762,33552],{"class":335},[94,72764,332],{"class":331},[94,72766,127],{"class":108},[94,72768,72769,72771,72773,72775,72777,72779,72781,72783],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,72770,8144],{"class":100},[94,72772,168],{"class":108},[94,72774,35124],{"class":152},[94,72776,149],{"class":108},[94,72778,332],{"class":331},[94,72780,1332],{"class":335},[94,72782,332],{"class":331},[94,72784,316],{"class":108},[94,72786,72787,72789,72791,72793,72795,72797,72799,72801],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,72788,8144],{"class":100},[94,72790,168],{"class":108},[94,72792,35124],{"class":152},[94,72794,149],{"class":108},[94,72796,332],{"class":331},[94,72798,1332],{"class":335},[94,72800,332],{"class":331},[94,72802,316],{"class":108},[94,72804,72805,72807,72809,72811],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,72806,326],{"class":145},[94,72808,149],{"class":108},[94,72810,8144],{"class":152},[94,72812,316],{"class":108},[24,72814,371],{},[85,72816,72818],{"className":87,"code":72817,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"['banana', 'orange']\n",[15,72819,72820],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,72821,72822,72824,72826,72828,72830,72832,72834,72836,72838],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,72823,539],{"class":108},[94,72825,968],{"class":331},[94,72827,4432],{"class":335},[94,72829,968],{"class":331},[94,72831,116],{"class":108},[94,72833,962],{"class":331},[94,72835,33552],{"class":335},[94,72837,968],{"class":331},[94,72839,127],{"class":108},[24,72841,72842,72843,72845],{},"If you need to remove ",[43,72844,4060],{}," matching values, a list comprehension is usually better:",[85,72847,72849],{"className":87,"code":72848,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems = [item for item in items if item != \"apple\"]\nprint(items)\n",[15,72850,72851,72891,72925],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,72852,72853,72855,72857,72859,72861,72863,72865,72867,72869,72871,72873,72875,72877,72879,72881,72883,72885,72887,72889],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,72854,8113],{"class":100},[94,72856,105],{"class":104},[94,72858,109],{"class":108},[94,72860,332],{"class":331},[94,72862,1332],{"class":335},[94,72864,332],{"class":331},[94,72866,116],{"class":108},[94,72868,1040],{"class":331},[94,72870,4432],{"class":335},[94,72872,332],{"class":331},[94,72874,116],{"class":108},[94,72876,1040],{"class":331},[94,72878,1332],{"class":335},[94,72880,332],{"class":331},[94,72882,116],{"class":108},[94,72884,1040],{"class":331},[94,72886,33552],{"class":335},[94,72888,332],{"class":331},[94,72890,127],{"class":108},[94,72892,72893,72895,72897,72899,72901,72903,72905,72907,72910,72912,72914,72917,72919,72921,72923],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,72894,8113],{"class":100},[94,72896,105],{"class":104},[94,72898,109],{"class":108},[94,72900,28869],{"class":100},[94,72902,6289],{"class":4221},[94,72904,6292],{"class":100},[94,72906,4228],{"class":4221},[94,72908,72909],{"class":100}," items ",[94,72911,7330],{"class":4221},[94,72913,6292],{"class":100},[94,72915,72916],{"class":104},"!=",[94,72918,1040],{"class":331},[94,72920,1332],{"class":335},[94,72922,332],{"class":331},[94,72924,127],{"class":108},[94,72926,72927,72929,72931,72933],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,72928,326],{"class":145},[94,72930,149],{"class":108},[94,72932,8144],{"class":152},[94,72934,316],{"class":108},[24,72936,371],{},[85,72938,72939],{"className":87,"code":72817,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,72940,72941],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,72942,72943,72945,72947,72949,72951,72953,72955,72957,72959],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,72944,539],{"class":108},[94,72946,968],{"class":331},[94,72948,4432],{"class":335},[94,72950,968],{"class":331},[94,72952,116],{"class":108},[94,72954,962],{"class":331},[94,72956,33552],{"class":335},[94,72958,968],{"class":331},[94,72960,127],{"class":108},[80,72962,65954],{"id":65953},[24,72964,65957,72965,168],{},[15,72966,41034],{},[85,72968,72970],{"className":87,"code":72969,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,72971,72972,73004],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,72973,72974,72976,72978,72980,72982,72984,72986,72988,72990,72992,72994,72996,72998,73000,73002],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,72975,8113],{"class":100},[94,72977,105],{"class":104},[94,72979,109],{"class":108},[94,72981,332],{"class":331},[94,72983,1332],{"class":335},[94,72985,332],{"class":331},[94,72987,116],{"class":108},[94,72989,1040],{"class":331},[94,72991,4432],{"class":335},[94,72993,332],{"class":331},[94,72995,116],{"class":108},[94,72997,1040],{"class":331},[94,72999,33552],{"class":335},[94,73001,332],{"class":331},[94,73003,127],{"class":108},[94,73005,73006,73008,73010,73012,73014,73016,73018,73020],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,73007,8144],{"class":100},[94,73009,168],{"class":108},[94,73011,35124],{"class":152},[94,73013,149],{"class":108},[94,73015,332],{"class":331},[94,73017,22864],{"class":335},[94,73019,332],{"class":331},[94,73021,316],{"class":108},[24,73023,371],{},[85,73025,73027],{"className":87,"code":73026,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list\n",[15,73028,73029],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,73030,73031,73033,73035,73037,73039,73041,73043,73045,73047,73049,73051,73053],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,73032,41034],{"class":913},[94,73034,384],{"class":108},[94,73036,22891],{"class":913},[94,73038,168],{"class":108},[94,73040,35124],{"class":152},[94,73042,149],{"class":108},[94,73044,2531],{"class":152},[94,73046,16780],{"class":108},[94,73048,4225],{"class":100},[94,73050,45],{"class":104},[94,73052,21505],{"class":104},[94,73054,73055],{"class":913}," list\n",[24,73057,73058],{},"This is a common beginner mistake.",[24,73060,73061],{},"A safe pattern is to check first:",[85,73063,73065],{"className":87,"code":73064,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nvalue = \"grape\"\n\nif value in items:\n    items.remove(value)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,73066,73067,73099,73111,73115,73127,73142,73146],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,73068,73069,73071,73073,73075,73077,73079,73081,73083,73085,73087,73089,73091,73093,73095,73097],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,73070,8113],{"class":100},[94,73072,105],{"class":104},[94,73074,109],{"class":108},[94,73076,332],{"class":331},[94,73078,1332],{"class":335},[94,73080,332],{"class":331},[94,73082,116],{"class":108},[94,73084,1040],{"class":331},[94,73086,4432],{"class":335},[94,73088,332],{"class":331},[94,73090,116],{"class":108},[94,73092,1040],{"class":331},[94,73094,33552],{"class":335},[94,73096,332],{"class":331},[94,73098,127],{"class":108},[94,73100,73101,73103,73105,73107,73109],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,73102,2804],{"class":100},[94,73104,105],{"class":104},[94,73106,1040],{"class":331},[94,73108,22864],{"class":335},[94,73110,1812],{"class":331},[94,73112,73113],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,73114,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,73116,73117,73119,73121,73123,73125],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,73118,7330],{"class":4221},[94,73120,21915],{"class":100},[94,73122,4228],{"class":104},[94,73124,6297],{"class":100},[94,73126,6726],{"class":108},[94,73128,73129,73132,73134,73136,73138,73140],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,73130,73131],{"class":100},"    items",[94,73133,168],{"class":108},[94,73135,35124],{"class":152},[94,73137,149],{"class":108},[94,73139,2829],{"class":152},[94,73141,316],{"class":108},[94,73143,73144],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,73145,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,73147,73148,73150,73152,73154],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,73149,326],{"class":145},[94,73151,149],{"class":108},[94,73153,8144],{"class":152},[94,73155,316],{"class":108},[24,73157,371],{},[85,73159,73161],{"className":87,"code":73160,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,73162,73163],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,73164,73165,73167,73169,73171,73173,73175,73177,73179,73181,73183,73185,73187,73189],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,73166,539],{"class":108},[94,73168,968],{"class":331},[94,73170,1332],{"class":335},[94,73172,968],{"class":331},[94,73174,116],{"class":108},[94,73176,962],{"class":331},[94,73178,4432],{"class":335},[94,73180,968],{"class":331},[94,73182,116],{"class":108},[94,73184,962],{"class":331},[94,73186,33552],{"class":335},[94,73188,968],{"class":331},[94,73190,127],{"class":108},[24,73192,73193,73194,73196],{},"This avoids the error because ",[15,73195,55856],{}," runs only if the value exists.",[24,73198,73199,73200,168],{},"If you are troubleshooting this kind of problem, see ",[434,73201,66163],{"href":73202},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F",[80,73204,73206],{"id":73205},"remove-vs-pop","remove() vs pop()",[24,73208,73209,1139,73211,73213],{},[15,73210,55856],{},[15,73212,13088],{}," both delete items from a list, but they work differently.",[28,73215,73216,73223,73229,73235],{},[31,73217,73218,73220,73221],{},[15,73219,55856],{}," deletes by ",[43,73222,2829],{},[31,73224,73225,73220,73227],{},[15,73226,13088],{},[43,73228,36174],{},[31,73230,73231,74,73233],{},[15,73232,55856],{},[15,73234,77],{},[31,73236,73237,73239],{},[15,73238,13088],{}," returns the removed item",[24,73241,46372,73242,384],{},[15,73243,55856],{},[85,73245,73247],{"className":87,"code":73246,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,73248,73249,73281,73299],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,73250,73251,73253,73255,73257,73259,73261,73263,73265,73267,73269,73271,73273,73275,73277,73279],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,73252,8113],{"class":100},[94,73254,105],{"class":104},[94,73256,109],{"class":108},[94,73258,332],{"class":331},[94,73260,1332],{"class":335},[94,73262,332],{"class":331},[94,73264,116],{"class":108},[94,73266,1040],{"class":331},[94,73268,4432],{"class":335},[94,73270,332],{"class":331},[94,73272,116],{"class":108},[94,73274,1040],{"class":331},[94,73276,33552],{"class":335},[94,73278,332],{"class":331},[94,73280,127],{"class":108},[94,73282,73283,73285,73287,73289,73291,73293,73295,73297],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,73284,8144],{"class":100},[94,73286,168],{"class":108},[94,73288,35124],{"class":152},[94,73290,149],{"class":108},[94,73292,332],{"class":331},[94,73294,4432],{"class":335},[94,73296,332],{"class":331},[94,73298,316],{"class":108},[94,73300,73301,73303,73305,73307],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,73302,326],{"class":145},[94,73304,149],{"class":108},[94,73306,8144],{"class":152},[94,73308,316],{"class":108},[24,73310,371],{},[85,73312,73314],{"className":87,"code":73313,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,73315,73316],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,73317,73318,73320,73322,73324,73326,73328,73330,73332,73334],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,73319,539],{"class":108},[94,73321,968],{"class":331},[94,73323,1332],{"class":335},[94,73325,968],{"class":331},[94,73327,116],{"class":108},[94,73329,962],{"class":331},[94,73331,33552],{"class":335},[94,73333,968],{"class":331},[94,73335,127],{"class":108},[24,73337,46372,73338,384],{},[15,73339,13088],{},[85,73341,73343],{"className":87,"code":73342,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nremoved_item = items.pop(1)\n\nprint(items)\nprint(removed_item)\n",[15,73344,73345,73377,73396,73400,73410],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,73346,73347,73349,73351,73353,73355,73357,73359,73361,73363,73365,73367,73369,73371,73373,73375],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,73348,8113],{"class":100},[94,73350,105],{"class":104},[94,73352,109],{"class":108},[94,73354,332],{"class":331},[94,73356,1332],{"class":335},[94,73358,332],{"class":331},[94,73360,116],{"class":108},[94,73362,1040],{"class":331},[94,73364,4432],{"class":335},[94,73366,332],{"class":331},[94,73368,116],{"class":108},[94,73370,1040],{"class":331},[94,73372,33552],{"class":335},[94,73374,332],{"class":331},[94,73376,127],{"class":108},[94,73378,73379,73382,73384,73386,73388,73390,73392,73394],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,73380,73381],{"class":100},"removed_item ",[94,73383,105],{"class":104},[94,73385,6297],{"class":100},[94,73387,168],{"class":108},[94,73389,26572],{"class":152},[94,73391,149],{"class":108},[94,73393,412],{"class":112},[94,73395,316],{"class":108},[94,73397,73398],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,73399,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,73401,73402,73404,73406,73408],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,73403,326],{"class":145},[94,73405,149],{"class":108},[94,73407,8144],{"class":152},[94,73409,316],{"class":108},[94,73411,73412,73414,73416,73419],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,73413,326],{"class":145},[94,73415,149],{"class":108},[94,73417,73418],{"class":152},"removed_item",[94,73420,316],{"class":108},[24,73422,371],{},[85,73424,73426],{"className":87,"code":73425,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"['apple', 'orange']\nbanana\n",[15,73427,73428,73448],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,73429,73430,73432,73434,73436,73438,73440,73442,73444,73446],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,73431,539],{"class":108},[94,73433,968],{"class":331},[94,73435,1332],{"class":335},[94,73437,968],{"class":331},[94,73439,116],{"class":108},[94,73441,962],{"class":331},[94,73443,33552],{"class":335},[94,73445,968],{"class":331},[94,73447,127],{"class":108},[94,73449,73450],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,73451,70730],{"class":100},[24,73453,54,73454,73456],{},[15,73455,55856],{}," when you know the item value.",[24,73458,54,73459,73461],{},[15,73460,13088],{}," when you know the position and want the removed item back.",[24,73463,73464,73465,168],{},"For more detail, see the ",[434,73466,73467],{"href":55407},"Python list pop() method",[80,73469,73471],{"id":73470},"remove-vs-del","remove() vs del",[24,73473,73474,1139,73476,73478],{},[15,73475,55856],{},[15,73477,27356],{}," are also different.",[28,73480,73481,73486,73491,73496],{},[31,73482,73483,73485],{},[15,73484,55856],{}," deletes by matching value",[31,73487,73488,73490],{},[15,73489,27356],{}," deletes by index or slice",[31,73492,54,73493,73495],{},[15,73494,27356],{}," when you know the position",[31,73497,54,73498,73500],{},[15,73499,55856],{}," when you know the item value",[24,73502,46372,73503,384],{},[15,73504,27356],{},[85,73506,73508],{"className":87,"code":73507,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ndel items[1]\nprint(items)\n",[15,73509,73510,73542,73554],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,73511,73512,73514,73516,73518,73520,73522,73524,73526,73528,73530,73532,73534,73536,73538,73540],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,73513,8113],{"class":100},[94,73515,105],{"class":104},[94,73517,109],{"class":108},[94,73519,332],{"class":331},[94,73521,1332],{"class":335},[94,73523,332],{"class":331},[94,73525,116],{"class":108},[94,73527,1040],{"class":331},[94,73529,4432],{"class":335},[94,73531,332],{"class":331},[94,73533,116],{"class":108},[94,73535,1040],{"class":331},[94,73537,33552],{"class":335},[94,73539,332],{"class":331},[94,73541,127],{"class":108},[94,73543,73544,73546,73548,73550,73552],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,73545,27356],{"class":4221},[94,73547,6297],{"class":100},[94,73549,539],{"class":108},[94,73551,412],{"class":112},[94,73553,127],{"class":108},[94,73555,73556,73558,73560,73562],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,73557,326],{"class":145},[94,73559,149],{"class":108},[94,73561,8144],{"class":152},[94,73563,316],{"class":108},[24,73565,371],{},[85,73567,73568],{"className":87,"code":73313,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,73569,73570],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,73571,73572,73574,73576,73578,73580,73582,73584,73586,73588],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,73573,539],{"class":108},[94,73575,968],{"class":331},[94,73577,1332],{"class":335},[94,73579,968],{"class":331},[94,73581,116],{"class":108},[94,73583,962],{"class":331},[94,73585,33552],{"class":335},[94,73587,968],{"class":331},[94,73589,127],{"class":108},[24,73591,73592,73593,73595,73596,73598],{},"This removed the item at index ",[15,73594,412],{},", not the value ",[15,73597,65598],{}," directly.",[24,73600,73601,73602,168],{},"If you are not sure whether you should remove by value or by position, see ",[434,73603,55396],{"href":55395},[80,73605,3186],{"id":3185},[24,73607,21543,73608,384],{},[15,73609,55856],{},[28,73611,73612,73615,73620,73627,73636],{},[31,73613,73614],{},"Trying to remove a value that is not in the list",[31,73616,8786,73617,73619],{},[15,73618,55856],{}," to delete all matching values",[31,73621,12920,73622,73624,73625],{},[15,73623,55856],{}," to a variable even though it returns ",[15,73626,77],{},[31,73628,1484,73629,44961,73631,2167,73633,73635],{},[15,73630,55856],{},[15,73632,13088],{},[15,73634,27356],{}," would be a better fit",[31,73637,73638],{},"Confusing removing by value with removing by index",[24,73640,71830],{},[85,73642,73644],{"className":87,"code":73643,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(my_list)\nprint(value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(type(my_list))\nhelp(list.remove)\n",[15,73645,73646,73656,73670,73688,73702],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,73647,73648,73650,73652,73654],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,73649,326],{"class":145},[94,73651,149],{"class":108},[94,73653,594],{"class":152},[94,73655,316],{"class":108},[94,73657,73658,73660,73662,73664,73666,73668],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,73659,326],{"class":145},[94,73661,149],{"class":108},[94,73663,2804],{"class":152},[94,73665,4228],{"class":4221},[94,73667,2043],{"class":152},[94,73669,316],{"class":108},[94,73671,73672,73674,73676,73678,73680,73682,73684,73686],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,73673,326],{"class":145},[94,73675,149],{"class":108},[94,73677,594],{"class":152},[94,73679,168],{"class":108},[94,73681,41590],{"class":152},[94,73683,149],{"class":108},[94,73685,2829],{"class":152},[94,73687,921],{"class":108},[94,73689,73690,73692,73694,73696,73698,73700],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,73691,326],{"class":145},[94,73693,149],{"class":108},[94,73695,914],{"class":913},[94,73697,149],{"class":108},[94,73699,594],{"class":152},[94,73701,921],{"class":108},[94,73703,73704,73706,73708,73710,73712,73714],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,73705,2080],{"class":145},[94,73707,149],{"class":108},[94,73709,965],{"class":913},[94,73711,168],{"class":108},[94,73713,35124],{"class":1377},[94,73715,316],{"class":108},[24,73717,73718],{},"These checks can help you answer questions like:",[28,73720,73721,73724,73727,73730],{},[31,73722,73723],{},"Is the value really in the list?",[31,73725,73726],{},"How many times does it appear?",[31,73728,73729],{},"Am I working with a list?",[31,73731,73732],{},"Am I using the method correctly?",[24,73734,73735,73736,73738],{},"If you need to find a value before removing it, the ",[434,73737,71994],{"href":59289}," may also help.",[80,73740,2160],{"id":2159},[265,73742,73744],{"id":73743},"does-remove-delete-all-matching-items","Does remove() delete all matching items?",[24,73746,73747],{},"No. It removes only the first matching value.",[265,73749,73751],{"id":73750},"what-does-listremove-return","What does list.remove() return?",[24,73753,5485,73754,73756],{},[15,73755,77],{},". It changes the original list directly.",[265,73758,73760],{"id":73759},"how-do-i-avoid-an-error-if-the-value-is-missing","How do I avoid an error if the value is missing?",[24,73762,73763,73764,73767,73768,168],{},"Check with ",[15,73765,73766],{},"if value in my_list"," before calling ",[15,73769,55856],{},[265,73771,73773],{"id":73772},"should-i-use-remove-or-pop","Should I use remove() or pop()?",[24,73775,54,73776,73778,73779,73781],{},[15,73777,55856],{}," for a value and ",[15,73780,13088],{}," for an index.",[80,73783,2232],{"id":2231},[28,73785,73786,73790,73794,73798,73802],{},[31,73787,73788],{},[434,73789,55842],{"href":55395},[31,73791,73792],{},[434,73793,73467],{"href":55407},[31,73795,73796],{},[434,73797,71994],{"href":59289},[31,73799,73800],{},[434,73801,66163],{"href":73202},[31,73803,73804],{},[434,73805,73807],{"href":73806},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix\u002F","ValueError: substring not found fix",[2260,73809,73810],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":90,"searchDepth":130,"depth":130,"links":73812},[73813,73814,73815,73816,73817,73818,73819,73820,73821,73822,73828],{"id":2360,"depth":130,"text":2361},{"id":72139,"depth":130,"text":72140},{"id":5762,"depth":130,"text":5763},{"id":6117,"depth":130,"text":6118},{"id":72592,"depth":130,"text":72593},{"id":65953,"depth":130,"text":65954},{"id":73205,"depth":130,"text":73206},{"id":73470,"depth":130,"text":73471},{"id":3185,"depth":130,"text":3186},{"id":2159,"depth":130,"text":2160,"children":73823},[73824,73825,73826,73827],{"id":73743,"depth":137,"text":73744},{"id":73750,"depth":137,"text":73751},{"id":73759,"depth":137,"text":73760},{"id":73772,"depth":137,"text":73773},{"id":2231,"depth":130,"text":2232},"Master python list remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method",{"title":72042,"description":73829},"reference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method","jE1uuXBERpMbOGTd_fSVoHqAttuM8Gy2xT1krJOL_nM",{"id":73836,"title":73837,"body":73838,"description":75721,"extension":2319,"meta":75722,"navigation":133,"path":75723,"seo":75724,"stem":75725,"__hash__":75726},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method.md","Python List reverse() Method",{"type":7,"value":73839,"toc":75691},[73840,73846,73852,73855,73866,73868,73916,73921,73926,73930,73945,73947,74012,74014,74055,74057,74059,74074,74076,74087,74089,74146,74148,74181,74183,74186,74235,74237,74262,74264,74280,74285,74292,74353,74355,74388,74393,74396,74476,74478,74539,74545,74549,74552,74616,74618,74643,74645,74664,74666,74715,74717,74738,74746,74749,74753,74758,74803,74805,74826,74832,74836,74843,74906,74908,74945,74951,74955,74962,75027,75029,75066,75070,75087,75096,75101,75106,75117,75124,75126,75132,75155,75158,75185,75190,75193,75294,75296,75351,75354,75461,75463,75534,75537,75563,75565,75570,75574,75582,75587,75592,75598,75603,75607,75610,75627,75630,75650,75658,75660,75688],[10,73841,54670,73843,11651],{"id":73842},"python-list-reverse-method",[15,73844,73845],{},"reverse()",[24,73847,73848,73851],{},[15,73849,73850],{},"list.reverse()"," reverses the order of items in a list.",[24,73853,73854],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it does not create a new list. This is important because beginners often expect it to return a reversed copy.",[24,73856,73857,73858,73860,73861,73865],{},"If you want to reverse a list, ",[15,73859,73845],{}," is useful when changing the original list is okay. If you need a new list instead, use ",[434,73862,73864],{"href":73863},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained\u002F","list slicing"," or another approach.",[80,73867,83],{"id":82},[85,73869,73871],{"className":87,"code":73870,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[15,73872,73873,73893,73903],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,73874,73875,73877,73879,73881,73883,73885,73887,73889,73891],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,73876,101],{"class":100},[94,73878,105],{"class":104},[94,73880,109],{"class":108},[94,73882,412],{"class":112},[94,73884,116],{"class":108},[94,73886,124],{"class":112},[94,73888,116],{"class":108},[94,73890,421],{"class":112},[94,73892,127],{"class":108},[94,73894,73895,73897,73899,73901],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,73896,153],{"class":100},[94,73898,168],{"class":108},[94,73900,1138],{"class":152},[94,73902,511],{"class":108},[94,73904,73905,73907,73909,73911,73913],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,73906,326],{"class":145},[94,73908,149],{"class":108},[94,73910,153],{"class":152},[94,73912,156],{"class":108},[94,73914,73915],{"class":159},"  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[24,73917,73918,73920],{},[15,73919,73845],{}," changes the original list. It does not create a new list.",[80,73922,215,73924,218],{"id":73923},"what-listreverse-does",[15,73925,73850],{},[24,73927,73928,384],{},[15,73929,73850],{},[28,73931,73932,73935,73938,73942],{},[31,73933,73934],{},"Reverses the order of items in a list",[31,73936,73937],{},"Changes the original list directly",[31,73939,11753,73940],{},[15,73941,77],{},[31,73943,73944],{},"Works only on list objects",[24,73946,2566],{},[85,73948,73950],{"className":87,"code":73949,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\"]\nletters.reverse()\nprint(letters)\n",[15,73951,73952,73992,74002],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,73953,73954,73956,73958,73960,73962,73964,73966,73968,73970,73972,73974,73976,73978,73980,73982,73984,73986,73988,73990],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,73955,36418],{"class":100},[94,73957,105],{"class":104},[94,73959,109],{"class":108},[94,73961,332],{"class":331},[94,73963,434],{"class":335},[94,73965,332],{"class":331},[94,73967,116],{"class":108},[94,73969,1040],{"class":331},[94,73971,1937],{"class":335},[94,73973,332],{"class":331},[94,73975,116],{"class":108},[94,73977,1040],{"class":331},[94,73979,1946],{"class":335},[94,73981,332],{"class":331},[94,73983,116],{"class":108},[94,73985,1040],{"class":331},[94,73987,19098],{"class":335},[94,73989,332],{"class":331},[94,73991,127],{"class":108},[94,73993,73994,73996,73998,74000],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,73995,36471],{"class":100},[94,73997,168],{"class":108},[94,73999,1138],{"class":152},[94,74001,511],{"class":108},[94,74003,74004,74006,74008,74010],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,74005,326],{"class":145},[94,74007,149],{"class":108},[94,74009,36471],{"class":152},[94,74011,316],{"class":108},[24,74013,371],{},[85,74015,74017],{"className":87,"code":74016,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"['d', 'c', 'b', 'a']\n",[15,74018,74019],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,74020,74021,74023,74025,74027,74029,74031,74033,74035,74037,74039,74041,74043,74045,74047,74049,74051,74053],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,74022,539],{"class":108},[94,74024,968],{"class":331},[94,74026,19098],{"class":335},[94,74028,968],{"class":331},[94,74030,116],{"class":108},[94,74032,962],{"class":331},[94,74034,1946],{"class":335},[94,74036,968],{"class":331},[94,74038,116],{"class":108},[94,74040,962],{"class":331},[94,74042,1937],{"class":335},[94,74044,968],{"class":331},[94,74046,116],{"class":108},[94,74048,962],{"class":331},[94,74050,434],{"class":335},[94,74052,968],{"class":331},[94,74054,127],{"class":108},[80,74056,2514],{"id":2513},[24,74058,2517],{},[85,74060,74062],{"className":87,"code":74061,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"my_list.reverse()\n",[15,74063,74064],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,74065,74066,74068,74070,74072],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,74067,594],{"class":100},[94,74069,168],{"class":108},[94,74071,1138],{"class":152},[94,74073,511],{"class":108},[24,74075,13378],{},[28,74077,74078,74081,74084],{},[31,74079,74080],{},"No arguments are needed",[31,74082,74083],{},"You call it on an existing list",[31,74085,74086],{},"It only works on lists",[24,74088,2566],{},[85,74090,74092],{"className":87,"code":74091,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.reverse()\nprint(colors)\n",[15,74093,74094,74126,74136],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,74095,74096,74098,74100,74102,74104,74106,74108,74110,74112,74114,74116,74118,74120,74122,74124],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,74097,13402],{"class":100},[94,74099,105],{"class":104},[94,74101,109],{"class":108},[94,74103,332],{"class":331},[94,74105,13419],{"class":335},[94,74107,332],{"class":331},[94,74109,116],{"class":108},[94,74111,1040],{"class":331},[94,74113,17785],{"class":335},[94,74115,332],{"class":331},[94,74117,116],{"class":108},[94,74119,1040],{"class":331},[94,74121,13436],{"class":335},[94,74123,332],{"class":331},[94,74125,127],{"class":108},[94,74127,74128,74130,74132,74134],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,74129,17832],{"class":100},[94,74131,168],{"class":108},[94,74133,1138],{"class":152},[94,74135,511],{"class":108},[94,74137,74138,74140,74142,74144],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,74139,326],{"class":145},[94,74141,149],{"class":108},[94,74143,17832],{"class":152},[94,74145,316],{"class":108},[24,74147,371],{},[85,74149,74151],{"className":87,"code":74150,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"['blue', 'green', 'red']\n",[15,74152,74153],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,74154,74155,74157,74159,74161,74163,74165,74167,74169,74171,74173,74175,74177,74179],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,74156,539],{"class":108},[94,74158,968],{"class":331},[94,74160,13436],{"class":335},[94,74162,968],{"class":331},[94,74164,116],{"class":108},[94,74166,962],{"class":331},[94,74168,17785],{"class":335},[94,74170,968],{"class":331},[94,74172,116],{"class":108},[94,74174,962],{"class":331},[94,74176,13419],{"class":335},[94,74178,968],{"class":331},[94,74180,127],{"class":108},[80,74182,11805],{"id":11804},[24,74184,74185],{},"Start with a list in normal order:",[85,74187,74189],{"className":87,"code":74188,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74190,74191,74215,74225],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,74192,74193,74195,74197,74199,74201,74203,74205,74207,74209,74211,74213],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,74194,101],{"class":100},[94,74196,105],{"class":104},[94,74198,109],{"class":108},[94,74200,2688],{"class":112},[94,74202,116],{"class":108},[94,74204,8124],{"class":112},[94,74206,116],{"class":108},[94,74208,8129],{"class":112},[94,74210,116],{"class":108},[94,74212,51174],{"class":112},[94,74214,127],{"class":108},[94,74216,74217,74219,74221,74223],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,74218,153],{"class":100},[94,74220,168],{"class":108},[94,74222,1138],{"class":152},[94,74224,511],{"class":108},[94,74226,74227,74229,74231,74233],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,74228,326],{"class":145},[94,74230,149],{"class":108},[94,74232,153],{"class":152},[94,74234,316],{"class":108},[24,74236,371],{},[85,74238,74240],{"className":87,"code":74239,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"[40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,74241,74242],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,74243,74244,74246,74248,74250,74252,74254,74256,74258,74260],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,74245,539],{"class":108},[94,74247,57017],{"class":112},[94,74249,116],{"class":108},[94,74251,8129],{"class":112},[94,74253,116],{"class":108},[94,74255,8124],{"class":112},[94,74257,116],{"class":108},[94,74259,6336],{"class":112},[94,74261,127],{"class":108},[24,74263,12014],{},[28,74265,74266,74272,74277],{},[31,74267,74268,74269],{},"The list starts as ",[15,74270,74271],{},"[10, 20, 30, 40]",[31,74273,74274,74276],{},[15,74275,73845],{}," flips the order",[31,74278,74279],{},"Printing the same list shows the updated result",[80,74281,74283,471],{"id":74282},"reverse-changes-the-original-list",[15,74284,73845],{},[24,74286,74287,74288,74291],{},"This method is ",[43,74289,74290],{},"in-place",". That means the list itself is changed.",[85,74293,74295],{"className":87,"code":74294,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nfruits.reverse()\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,74296,74297,74329,74339,74343],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,74298,74299,74301,74303,74305,74307,74309,74311,74313,74315,74317,74319,74321,74323,74325,74327],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,74300,36567],{"class":100},[94,74302,105],{"class":104},[94,74304,109],{"class":108},[94,74306,332],{"class":331},[94,74308,1332],{"class":335},[94,74310,332],{"class":331},[94,74312,116],{"class":108},[94,74314,1040],{"class":331},[94,74316,4432],{"class":335},[94,74318,332],{"class":331},[94,74320,116],{"class":108},[94,74322,1040],{"class":331},[94,74324,4441],{"class":335},[94,74326,332],{"class":331},[94,74328,127],{"class":108},[94,74330,74331,74333,74335,74337],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,74332,36619],{"class":100},[94,74334,168],{"class":108},[94,74336,1138],{"class":152},[94,74338,511],{"class":108},[94,74340,74341],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,74342,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,74344,74345,74347,74349,74351],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,74346,326],{"class":145},[94,74348,149],{"class":108},[94,74350,36619],{"class":152},[94,74352,316],{"class":108},[24,74354,371],{},[85,74356,74358],{"className":87,"code":74357,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,74359,74360],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,74361,74362,74364,74366,74368,74370,74372,74374,74376,74378,74380,74382,74384,74386],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,74363,539],{"class":108},[94,74365,968],{"class":331},[94,74367,4441],{"class":335},[94,74369,968],{"class":331},[94,74371,116],{"class":108},[94,74373,962],{"class":331},[94,74375,4432],{"class":335},[94,74377,968],{"class":331},[94,74379,116],{"class":108},[94,74381,962],{"class":331},[94,74383,1332],{"class":335},[94,74385,968],{"class":331},[94,74387,127],{"class":108},[24,74389,54,74390,74392],{},[15,74391,73845],{}," when you want to modify the current list.",[24,74394,74395],{},"If you need a new reversed list and want to keep the original unchanged, use slicing:",[85,74397,74399],{"className":87,"code":74398,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nreversed_fruits = fruits[::-1]\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(reversed_fruits)\n",[15,74400,74401,74433,74451,74455,74465],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,74402,74403,74405,74407,74409,74411,74413,74415,74417,74419,74421,74423,74425,74427,74429,74431],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,74404,36567],{"class":100},[94,74406,105],{"class":104},[94,74408,109],{"class":108},[94,74410,332],{"class":331},[94,74412,1332],{"class":335},[94,74414,332],{"class":331},[94,74416,116],{"class":108},[94,74418,1040],{"class":331},[94,74420,4432],{"class":335},[94,74422,332],{"class":331},[94,74424,116],{"class":108},[94,74426,1040],{"class":331},[94,74428,4441],{"class":335},[94,74430,332],{"class":331},[94,74432,127],{"class":108},[94,74434,74435,74438,74440,74442,74445,74447,74449],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,74436,74437],{"class":100},"reversed_fruits ",[94,74439,105],{"class":104},[94,74441,53180],{"class":100},[94,74443,74444],{"class":108},"[::",[94,74446,2380],{"class":104},[94,74448,412],{"class":112},[94,74450,127],{"class":108},[94,74452,74453],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,74454,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,74456,74457,74459,74461,74463],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,74458,326],{"class":145},[94,74460,149],{"class":108},[94,74462,36619],{"class":152},[94,74464,316],{"class":108},[94,74466,74467,74469,74471,74474],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,74468,326],{"class":145},[94,74470,149],{"class":108},[94,74472,74473],{"class":152},"reversed_fruits",[94,74475,316],{"class":108},[24,74477,371],{},[85,74479,74481],{"className":87,"code":74480,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,74482,74483,74511],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,74484,74485,74487,74489,74491,74493,74495,74497,74499,74501,74503,74505,74507,74509],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,74486,539],{"class":108},[94,74488,968],{"class":331},[94,74490,1332],{"class":335},[94,74492,968],{"class":331},[94,74494,116],{"class":108},[94,74496,962],{"class":331},[94,74498,4432],{"class":335},[94,74500,968],{"class":331},[94,74502,116],{"class":108},[94,74504,962],{"class":331},[94,74506,4441],{"class":335},[94,74508,968],{"class":331},[94,74510,127],{"class":108},[94,74512,74513,74515,74517,74519,74521,74523,74525,74527,74529,74531,74533,74535,74537],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,74514,539],{"class":108},[94,74516,968],{"class":331},[94,74518,4441],{"class":335},[94,74520,968],{"class":331},[94,74522,116],{"class":108},[94,74524,962],{"class":331},[94,74526,4432],{"class":335},[94,74528,968],{"class":331},[94,74530,116],{"class":108},[94,74532,962],{"class":331},[94,74534,1332],{"class":335},[94,74536,968],{"class":331},[94,74538,127],{"class":108},[24,74540,74541,74542,168],{},"If you want to learn more about this pattern, see ",[434,74543,74544],{"href":73863},"Python list slicing explained",[80,74546,74548],{"id":74547},"common-beginner-mistake-assigning-the-result","Common beginner mistake: assigning the result",[24,74550,74551],{},"A very common mistake is writing code like this:",[85,74553,74555],{"className":87,"code":74554,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_list = numbers.reverse()\n\nprint(new_list)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74556,74557,74577,74591,74595,74606],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,74558,74559,74561,74563,74565,74567,74569,74571,74573,74575],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,74560,101],{"class":100},[94,74562,105],{"class":104},[94,74564,109],{"class":108},[94,74566,412],{"class":112},[94,74568,116],{"class":108},[94,74570,124],{"class":112},[94,74572,116],{"class":108},[94,74574,421],{"class":112},[94,74576,127],{"class":108},[94,74578,74579,74581,74583,74585,74587,74589],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,74580,140],{"class":100},[94,74582,105],{"class":104},[94,74584,343],{"class":100},[94,74586,168],{"class":108},[94,74588,1138],{"class":152},[94,74590,511],{"class":108},[94,74592,74593],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,74594,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,74596,74597,74599,74601,74604],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,74598,326],{"class":145},[94,74600,149],{"class":108},[94,74602,74603],{"class":152},"new_list",[94,74605,316],{"class":108},[94,74607,74608,74610,74612,74614],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,74609,326],{"class":145},[94,74611,149],{"class":108},[94,74613,153],{"class":152},[94,74615,316],{"class":108},[24,74617,371],{},[85,74619,74621],{"className":87,"code":74620,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"None\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,74622,74623,74627],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,74624,74625],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,74626,1593],{"class":1224},[94,74628,74629,74631,74633,74635,74637,74639,74641],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,74630,539],{"class":108},[94,74632,113],{"class":112},[94,74634,116],{"class":108},[94,74636,124],{"class":112},[94,74638,116],{"class":108},[94,74640,119],{"class":112},[94,74642,127],{"class":108},[24,74644,1612],{},[28,74646,74647,74654,74658],{},[31,74648,74649,74651,74652,595],{},[15,74650,73845],{}," changes ",[15,74653,153],{},[31,74655,41236,74656,72163],{},[43,74657,45],{},[31,74659,53981,74660,1631,74662],{},[15,74661,74603],{},[15,74663,77],{},[24,74665,62223],{},[85,74667,74669],{"className":87,"code":74668,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74670,74671,74691,74701,74705],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,74672,74673,74675,74677,74679,74681,74683,74685,74687,74689],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,74674,101],{"class":100},[94,74676,105],{"class":104},[94,74678,109],{"class":108},[94,74680,412],{"class":112},[94,74682,116],{"class":108},[94,74684,124],{"class":112},[94,74686,116],{"class":108},[94,74688,421],{"class":112},[94,74690,127],{"class":108},[94,74692,74693,74695,74697,74699],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,74694,153],{"class":100},[94,74696,168],{"class":108},[94,74698,1138],{"class":152},[94,74700,511],{"class":108},[94,74702,74703],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,74704,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,74706,74707,74709,74711,74713],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,74708,326],{"class":145},[94,74710,149],{"class":108},[94,74712,153],{"class":152},[94,74714,316],{"class":108},[24,74716,371],{},[85,74718,74720],{"className":87,"code":74719,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,74721,74722],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,74723,74724,74726,74728,74730,74732,74734,74736],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,74725,539],{"class":108},[94,74727,113],{"class":112},[94,74729,116],{"class":108},[94,74731,124],{"class":112},[94,74733,116],{"class":108},[94,74735,119],{"class":112},[94,74737,127],{"class":108},[80,74739,74741,18,74743,74745],{"id":74740},"reverse-vs-sorted-vs-slicing",[15,74742,73845],{},[15,74744,17],{}," vs slicing",[24,74747,74748],{},"These are similar, but they do different jobs.",[265,74750,74751],{"id":1138},[15,74752,73845],{},[24,74754,74755,74757],{},[15,74756,73845],{}," flips the current order of the list.",[85,74759,74761],{"className":87,"code":74760,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74762,74763,74783,74793],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,74764,74765,74767,74769,74771,74773,74775,74777,74779,74781],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,74766,101],{"class":100},[94,74768,105],{"class":104},[94,74770,109],{"class":108},[94,74772,113],{"class":112},[94,74774,116],{"class":108},[94,74776,119],{"class":112},[94,74778,116],{"class":108},[94,74780,124],{"class":112},[94,74782,127],{"class":108},[94,74784,74785,74787,74789,74791],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,74786,153],{"class":100},[94,74788,168],{"class":108},[94,74790,1138],{"class":152},[94,74792,511],{"class":108},[94,74794,74795,74797,74799,74801],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,74796,326],{"class":145},[94,74798,149],{"class":108},[94,74800,153],{"class":152},[94,74802,316],{"class":108},[24,74804,371],{},[85,74806,74808],{"className":87,"code":74807,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,74809,74810],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,74811,74812,74814,74816,74818,74820,74822,74824],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,74813,539],{"class":108},[94,74815,763],{"class":112},[94,74817,116],{"class":108},[94,74819,119],{"class":112},[94,74821,116],{"class":108},[94,74823,421],{"class":112},[94,74825,127],{"class":108},[24,74827,74828,74829,74831],{},"Notice that this is ",[43,74830,45],{}," sorted order. It is just the original list backward.",[265,74833,74834],{"id":403},[15,74835,17],{},[24,74837,74838,74842],{},[434,74839,74840],{"href":436},[15,74841,17],{}," returns a new list in sorted order.",[85,74844,74846],{"className":87,"code":74845,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,74847,74848,74868,74882,74886,74896],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,74849,74850,74852,74854,74856,74858,74860,74862,74864,74866],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,74851,101],{"class":100},[94,74853,105],{"class":104},[94,74855,109],{"class":108},[94,74857,113],{"class":112},[94,74859,116],{"class":108},[94,74861,119],{"class":112},[94,74863,116],{"class":108},[94,74865,124],{"class":112},[94,74867,127],{"class":108},[94,74869,74870,74872,74874,74876,74878,74880],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,74871,305],{"class":100},[94,74873,105],{"class":104},[94,74875,146],{"class":145},[94,74877,149],{"class":108},[94,74879,153],{"class":152},[94,74881,316],{"class":108},[94,74883,74884],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,74885,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,74887,74888,74890,74892,74894],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,74889,326],{"class":145},[94,74891,149],{"class":108},[94,74893,153],{"class":152},[94,74895,316],{"class":108},[94,74897,74898,74900,74902,74904],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,74899,326],{"class":145},[94,74901,149],{"class":108},[94,74903,902],{"class":152},[94,74905,316],{"class":108},[24,74907,371],{},[85,74909,74911],{"className":87,"code":74910,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"[3, 1, 2]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,74912,74913,74929],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,74914,74915,74917,74919,74921,74923,74925,74927],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,74916,539],{"class":108},[94,74918,113],{"class":112},[94,74920,116],{"class":108},[94,74922,119],{"class":112},[94,74924,116],{"class":108},[94,74926,124],{"class":112},[94,74928,127],{"class":108},[94,74930,74931,74933,74935,74937,74939,74941,74943],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,74932,539],{"class":108},[94,74934,412],{"class":112},[94,74936,116],{"class":108},[94,74938,124],{"class":112},[94,74940,116],{"class":108},[94,74942,421],{"class":112},[94,74944,127],{"class":108},[24,74946,74947,74948,168],{},"If you want descending sorted order, you can use ",[15,74949,74950],{},"sorted(numbers, reverse=True)",[265,74952,74954],{"id":74953},"slicing","Slicing",[24,74956,74957,74958,74961],{},"Slicing with ",[15,74959,74960],{},"[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy.",[85,74963,74965],{"className":87,"code":74964,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers[::-1]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,74966,74967,74987,75003,75007,75017],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,74968,74969,74971,74973,74975,74977,74979,74981,74983,74985],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,74970,101],{"class":100},[94,74972,105],{"class":104},[94,74974,109],{"class":108},[94,74976,113],{"class":112},[94,74978,116],{"class":108},[94,74980,119],{"class":112},[94,74982,116],{"class":108},[94,74984,124],{"class":112},[94,74986,127],{"class":108},[94,74988,74989,74991,74993,74995,74997,74999,75001],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,74990,305],{"class":100},[94,74992,105],{"class":104},[94,74994,343],{"class":100},[94,74996,74444],{"class":108},[94,74998,2380],{"class":104},[94,75000,412],{"class":112},[94,75002,127],{"class":108},[94,75004,75005],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,75006,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,75008,75009,75011,75013,75015],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,75010,326],{"class":145},[94,75012,149],{"class":108},[94,75014,153],{"class":152},[94,75016,316],{"class":108},[94,75018,75019,75021,75023,75025],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,75020,326],{"class":145},[94,75022,149],{"class":108},[94,75024,902],{"class":152},[94,75026,316],{"class":108},[24,75028,371],{},[85,75030,75032],{"className":87,"code":75031,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"[3, 1, 2]\n[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,75033,75034,75050],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,75035,75036,75038,75040,75042,75044,75046,75048],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,75037,539],{"class":108},[94,75039,113],{"class":112},[94,75041,116],{"class":108},[94,75043,119],{"class":112},[94,75045,116],{"class":108},[94,75047,124],{"class":112},[94,75049,127],{"class":108},[94,75051,75052,75054,75056,75058,75060,75062,75064],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,75053,539],{"class":108},[94,75055,763],{"class":112},[94,75057,116],{"class":108},[94,75059,119],{"class":112},[94,75061,116],{"class":108},[94,75063,421],{"class":112},[94,75065,127],{"class":108},[265,75067,75069],{"id":75068},"quick-comparison","Quick comparison",[28,75071,75072,75077,75082],{},[31,75073,54,75074,75076],{},[15,75075,73845],{}," when you want to change the original list",[31,75078,54,75079,75081],{},[15,75080,74960],{}," when you want a reversed copy",[31,75083,54,75084,75086],{},[15,75085,17],{}," when you want items in sorted order",[24,75088,75089,75090,75095],{},"You may also want to compare this with the ",[434,75091,75092,75093,567],{"href":564},"list ",[15,75094,449],{},", which sorts a list in place instead of reversing it.",[80,75097,815,75099],{"id":75098},"when-to-use-reverse",[15,75100,73845],{},[24,75102,75103,75105],{},[15,75104,73845],{}," is a good choice:",[28,75107,75108,75111,75114],{},[31,75109,75110],{},"When the list is already in the order you want to flip",[31,75112,75113],{},"When changing the original list is acceptable",[31,75115,75116],{},"When you want a simple built-in way to reverse items",[24,75118,75119,75120,168],{},"For a task-focused guide with multiple ways to do this, see ",[434,75121,75123],{"href":75122},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-reverse-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to reverse a list in Python",[80,75125,3186],{"id":3185},[24,75127,75128,75129,75131],{},"Beginners often run into problems with ",[15,75130,73845],{}," for these reasons:",[28,75133,75134,75138,75143,75148],{},[31,75135,12920,75136,1509],{},[15,75137,73845],{},[31,75139,8786,75140,75142],{},[15,75141,73845],{}," to sort values from highest to lowest",[31,75144,1484,75145,75147],{},[15,75146,73845],{}," on a string or tuple instead of a list",[31,75149,37533,75150,9037,75152],{},[15,75151,73845],{},[15,75153,75154],{},"reversed()",[24,75156,75157],{},"Here is an example of using it on the wrong type:",[85,75159,75161],{"className":87,"code":75160,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.reverse()\n",[15,75162,75163,75175],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,75164,75165,75167,75169,75171,75173],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,75166,1803],{"class":100},[94,75168,105],{"class":104},[94,75170,1040],{"class":331},[94,75172,4190],{"class":335},[94,75174,1812],{"class":331},[94,75176,75177,75179,75181,75183],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,75178,1817],{"class":100},[94,75180,168],{"class":108},[94,75182,1138],{"class":152},[94,75184,511],{"class":108},[24,75186,75187,75188,1829],{},"This causes an error because strings do not have a ",[15,75189,73845],{},[24,75191,75192],{},"If you are not sure what type a variable is, check it first:",[85,75194,75196],{"className":87,"code":75195,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\n\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,75197,75198,75218,75222,75232,75246,75250,75264,75274,75278],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,75199,75200,75202,75204,75206,75208,75210,75212,75214,75216],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,75201,8643],{"class":100},[94,75203,105],{"class":104},[94,75205,109],{"class":108},[94,75207,412],{"class":112},[94,75209,116],{"class":108},[94,75211,124],{"class":112},[94,75213,116],{"class":108},[94,75215,421],{"class":112},[94,75217,127],{"class":108},[94,75219,75220],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,75221,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,75223,75224,75226,75228,75230],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,75225,326],{"class":145},[94,75227,149],{"class":108},[94,75229,594],{"class":152},[94,75231,316],{"class":108},[94,75233,75234,75236,75238,75240,75242,75244],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,75235,326],{"class":145},[94,75237,149],{"class":108},[94,75239,914],{"class":913},[94,75241,149],{"class":108},[94,75243,594],{"class":152},[94,75245,921],{"class":108},[94,75247,75248],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,75249,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,75251,75252,75254,75256,75258,75260,75262],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,75253,305],{"class":100},[94,75255,105],{"class":104},[94,75257,2043],{"class":100},[94,75259,168],{"class":108},[94,75261,1138],{"class":152},[94,75263,511],{"class":108},[94,75265,75266,75268,75270,75272],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,75267,326],{"class":145},[94,75269,149],{"class":108},[94,75271,902],{"class":152},[94,75273,316],{"class":108},[94,75275,75276],{"class":96,"line":702},[94,75277,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,75279,75280,75282,75284,75286,75288,75290,75292],{"class":96,"line":6763},[94,75281,326],{"class":145},[94,75283,149],{"class":108},[94,75285,594],{"class":152},[94,75287,74444],{"class":108},[94,75289,2380],{"class":104},[94,75291,412],{"class":112},[94,75293,4234],{"class":108},[24,75295,371],{},[85,75297,75299],{"className":87,"code":75298,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[1, 2, 1]\n",[15,75300,75301,75317,75331,75335],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,75302,75303,75305,75307,75309,75311,75313,75315],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,75304,539],{"class":108},[94,75306,412],{"class":112},[94,75308,116],{"class":108},[94,75310,124],{"class":112},[94,75312,116],{"class":108},[94,75314,421],{"class":112},[94,75316,127],{"class":108},[94,75318,75319,75321,75323,75325,75327,75329],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,75320,955],{"class":104},[94,75322,959],{"class":958},[94,75324,962],{"class":331},[94,75326,965],{"class":335},[94,75328,968],{"class":331},[94,75330,971],{"class":104},[94,75332,75333],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,75334,1593],{"class":1224},[94,75336,75337,75339,75341,75343,75345,75347,75349],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,75338,539],{"class":108},[94,75340,412],{"class":112},[94,75342,116],{"class":108},[94,75344,124],{"class":112},[94,75346,116],{"class":108},[94,75348,119],{"class":112},[94,75350,127],{"class":108},[24,75352,75353],{},"Wait — the last output above would be wrong for that list, so here is the correct runnable example:",[85,75355,75357],{"className":87,"code":75356,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\nprint(my_list)\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,75358,75359,75379,75383,75393,75407,75411,75425,75435,75445],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,75360,75361,75363,75365,75367,75369,75371,75373,75375,75377],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,75362,8643],{"class":100},[94,75364,105],{"class":104},[94,75366,109],{"class":108},[94,75368,412],{"class":112},[94,75370,116],{"class":108},[94,75372,124],{"class":112},[94,75374,116],{"class":108},[94,75376,421],{"class":112},[94,75378,127],{"class":108},[94,75380,75381],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,75382,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,75384,75385,75387,75389,75391],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,75386,326],{"class":145},[94,75388,149],{"class":108},[94,75390,594],{"class":152},[94,75392,316],{"class":108},[94,75394,75395,75397,75399,75401,75403,75405],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,75396,326],{"class":145},[94,75398,149],{"class":108},[94,75400,914],{"class":913},[94,75402,149],{"class":108},[94,75404,594],{"class":152},[94,75406,921],{"class":108},[94,75408,75409],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,75410,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,75412,75413,75415,75417,75419,75421,75423],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,75414,305],{"class":100},[94,75416,105],{"class":104},[94,75418,2043],{"class":100},[94,75420,168],{"class":108},[94,75422,1138],{"class":152},[94,75424,511],{"class":108},[94,75426,75427,75429,75431,75433],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,75428,326],{"class":145},[94,75430,149],{"class":108},[94,75432,902],{"class":152},[94,75434,316],{"class":108},[94,75436,75437,75439,75441,75443],{"class":96,"line":702},[94,75438,326],{"class":145},[94,75440,149],{"class":108},[94,75442,594],{"class":152},[94,75444,316],{"class":108},[94,75446,75447,75449,75451,75453,75455,75457,75459],{"class":96,"line":6763},[94,75448,326],{"class":145},[94,75450,149],{"class":108},[94,75452,594],{"class":152},[94,75454,74444],{"class":108},[94,75456,2380],{"class":104},[94,75458,412],{"class":112},[94,75460,4234],{"class":108},[24,75462,371],{},[85,75464,75466],{"className":87,"code":75465,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[3, 2, 1]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,75467,75468,75484,75498,75502,75518],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,75469,75470,75472,75474,75476,75478,75480,75482],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,75471,539],{"class":108},[94,75473,412],{"class":112},[94,75475,116],{"class":108},[94,75477,124],{"class":112},[94,75479,116],{"class":108},[94,75481,421],{"class":112},[94,75483,127],{"class":108},[94,75485,75486,75488,75490,75492,75494,75496],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,75487,955],{"class":104},[94,75489,959],{"class":958},[94,75491,962],{"class":331},[94,75493,965],{"class":335},[94,75495,968],{"class":331},[94,75497,971],{"class":104},[94,75499,75500],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,75501,1593],{"class":1224},[94,75503,75504,75506,75508,75510,75512,75514,75516],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,75505,539],{"class":108},[94,75507,113],{"class":112},[94,75509,116],{"class":108},[94,75511,124],{"class":112},[94,75513,116],{"class":108},[94,75515,119],{"class":112},[94,75517,127],{"class":108},[94,75519,75520,75522,75524,75526,75528,75530,75532],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,75521,539],{"class":108},[94,75523,412],{"class":112},[94,75525,116],{"class":108},[94,75527,124],{"class":112},[94,75529,116],{"class":108},[94,75531,421],{"class":112},[94,75533,127],{"class":108},[24,75535,75536],{},"Notice the last line carefully:",[28,75538,75539,75548,75557],{},[31,75540,28127,75541,75544,75545],{},[15,75542,75543],{},"my_list.reverse()",", the list becomes ",[15,75546,75547],{},"[3, 2, 1]",[31,75549,12243,75550,75553,75554,22891],{},[15,75551,75552],{},"my_list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy of the ",[43,75555,75556],{},"current",[31,75558,75559,75560],{},"So it prints ",[15,75561,75562],{},"[1, 2, 3]",[80,75564,2160],{"id":2159},[265,75566,13029,75568,55796],{"id":75567},"does-listreverse-return-a-new-list",[15,75569,73850],{},[24,75571,62928,75572,168],{},[15,75573,77],{},[265,75575,34536,75577,34539,75579,2170],{"id":75576},"how-is-reverse-different-from-sortedreversetrue",[15,75578,73845],{},[15,75580,75581],{},"sorted(reverse=True)",[24,75583,75584,75586],{},[15,75585,73845],{}," only flips the current order.",[24,75588,75589,75591],{},[15,75590,75581],{}," sorts the items first, then returns them in descending order.",[265,75593,2201,75595,75597],{"id":75594},"can-i-use-reverse-on-a-tuple-or-string",[15,75596,73845],{}," on a tuple or string?",[24,75599,2207,75600,75602],{},[15,75601,73845],{}," is a list method. Tuples and strings do not have this method.",[265,75604,75606],{"id":75605},"how-do-i-reverse-a-list-without-changing-the-original","How do I reverse a list without changing the original?",[24,75608,75609],{},"Use slicing:",[85,75611,75613],{"className":87,"code":75612,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"my_list[::-1]\n",[15,75614,75615],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,75616,75617,75619,75621,75623,75625],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,75618,594],{"class":100},[94,75620,74444],{"class":108},[94,75622,2380],{"class":104},[94,75624,412],{"class":112},[94,75626,127],{"class":108},[24,75628,75629],{},"Or use:",[85,75631,75633],{"className":87,"code":75632,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"list(reversed(my_list))\n",[15,75634,75635],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,75636,75637,75639,75641,75644,75646,75648],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,75638,965],{"class":913},[94,75640,149],{"class":108},[94,75642,75643],{"class":145},"reversed",[94,75645,149],{"class":108},[94,75647,594],{"class":152},[94,75649,921],{"class":108},[24,75651,75652,75653,75657],{},"If you need to keep a separate version of a list before changing it, ",[434,75654,55847,75655],{"href":55288},[15,75656,13102],{}," can also help.",[80,75659,2232],{"id":2231},[28,75661,75662,75668,75674,75678,75682],{},[31,75663,75664],{},[434,75665,55847,75666,567],{"href":564},[15,75667,449],{},[31,75669,75670],{},[434,75671,13,75672,439],{"href":436},[15,75673,17],{},[31,75675,75676],{},[434,75677,75123],{"href":75122},[31,75679,75680],{},[434,75681,74544],{"href":73863},[31,75683,75684],{},[434,75685,55847,75686,567],{"href":55288},[15,75687,13102],{},[2260,75689,75690],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":90,"searchDepth":130,"depth":130,"links":75692},[75693,75694,75696,75697,75698,75700,75701,75708,75710,75711,75720],{"id":82,"depth":130,"text":83},{"id":73923,"depth":130,"text":75695},"What list.reverse() does",{"id":2513,"depth":130,"text":2514},{"id":11804,"depth":130,"text":11805},{"id":74282,"depth":130,"text":75699},"reverse() changes the original list",{"id":74547,"depth":130,"text":74548},{"id":74740,"depth":130,"text":75702,"children":75703},"reverse() vs sorted() vs slicing",[75704,75705,75706,75707],{"id":1138,"depth":137,"text":73845},{"id":403,"depth":137,"text":17},{"id":74953,"depth":137,"text":74954},{"id":75068,"depth":137,"text":75069},{"id":75098,"depth":130,"text":75709},"When to use reverse()",{"id":3185,"depth":130,"text":3186},{"id":2159,"depth":130,"text":2160,"children":75712},[75713,75715,75717,75719],{"id":75567,"depth":137,"text":75714},"Does list.reverse() return a new list?",{"id":75576,"depth":137,"text":75716},"How is reverse() different from sorted(reverse=True)?",{"id":75594,"depth":137,"text":75718},"Can I use reverse() on a tuple or string?",{"id":75605,"depth":137,"text":75606},{"id":2231,"depth":130,"text":2232},"Master python list reverse method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method",{"title":73837,"description":75721},"reference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method","GoeoBvCO4O891oJThYue_Af4uTq12-LuXTFyhK08BAs",{"id":75728,"title":75729,"body":75730,"description":78163,"extension":2319,"meta":78164,"navigation":133,"path":78165,"seo":78166,"stem":78167,"__hash__":78168},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained.md","Python List Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":75731,"toc":78131},[75732,75735,75747,75750,75773,75781,75783,75895,75904,75908,75911,75914,76001,76003,76036,76038,76061,76067,76071,76074,76096,76098,76115,76118,76138,76140,76250,76252,76329,76333,76336,76379,76381,76514,76516,76618,76623,76627,76630,76632,76646,76649,76763,76765,76839,76841,76869,76873,76878,76908,76911,77037,77039,77121,77127,77131,77133,77172,77181,77185,77188,77192,77239,77241,77249,77253,77304,77306,77319,77321,77335,77338,77346,77348,77395,77397,77405,77408,77451,77456,77459,77462,77485,77489,77540,77543,77564,77574,77578,77580,77610,77613,77636,77640,77643,77710,77712,77749,77752,77760,77827,77829,77866,77872,77879,77883,77886,77916,77921,77925,77928,77952,77955,78049,78059,78061,78065,78068,78072,78075,78080,78083,78089,78092,78094,78122,78128],[10,75733,75729],{"id":75734},"python-list-slicing-explained",[24,75736,75737,75738,2547,75740,17401,75743,75746],{},"List slicing lets you get part of a list in Python. It is a very common pattern, and once you understand ",[15,75739,36400],{},[15,75741,75742],{},"stop",[15,75744,75745],{},"step",", it becomes much easier to read and write Python code.",[24,75748,75749],{},"The basic slice form is:",[85,75751,75753],{"className":87,"code":75752,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"my_list[start:stop:step]\n",[15,75754,75755],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,75756,75757,75759,75761,75763,75765,75767,75769,75771],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,75758,594],{"class":100},[94,75760,539],{"class":108},[94,75762,36400],{"class":100},[94,75764,384],{"class":108},[94,75766,75742],{"class":100},[94,75768,384],{"class":108},[94,75770,75745],{"class":100},[94,75772,127],{"class":108},[24,75774,75775,75776,75778,75779,168],{},"You can leave out parts of the slice, and Python will use default values. One important rule to remember is that the ",[15,75777,75742],{}," position is ",[43,75780,65393],{},[80,75782,2361],{"id":2360},[85,75784,75786],{"className":87,"code":75785,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # [20, 30, 40]\nprint(numbers[:3])    # [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers[::2])   # [10, 30, 50]\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,75787,75788,75816,75820,75841,75859,75876],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,75789,75790,75792,75794,75796,75798,75800,75802,75804,75806,75808,75810,75812,75814],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,75791,101],{"class":100},[94,75793,105],{"class":104},[94,75795,109],{"class":108},[94,75797,2688],{"class":112},[94,75799,116],{"class":108},[94,75801,8124],{"class":112},[94,75803,116],{"class":108},[94,75805,8129],{"class":112},[94,75807,116],{"class":108},[94,75809,51174],{"class":112},[94,75811,116],{"class":108},[94,75813,5418],{"class":112},[94,75815,127],{"class":108},[94,75817,75818],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,75819,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,75821,75822,75824,75826,75828,75830,75832,75834,75836,75838],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,75823,326],{"class":145},[94,75825,149],{"class":108},[94,75827,153],{"class":152},[94,75829,539],{"class":108},[94,75831,412],{"class":112},[94,75833,384],{"class":108},[94,75835,857],{"class":112},[94,75837,20777],{"class":108},[94,75839,75840],{"class":159},"   # [20, 30, 40]\n",[94,75842,75843,75845,75847,75849,75852,75854,75856],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,75844,326],{"class":145},[94,75846,149],{"class":108},[94,75848,153],{"class":152},[94,75850,75851],{"class":108},"[:",[94,75853,113],{"class":112},[94,75855,20777],{"class":108},[94,75857,75858],{"class":159},"    # [10, 20, 30]\n",[94,75860,75861,75863,75865,75867,75869,75871,75873],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,75862,326],{"class":145},[94,75864,149],{"class":108},[94,75866,153],{"class":152},[94,75868,74444],{"class":108},[94,75870,763],{"class":112},[94,75872,20777],{"class":108},[94,75874,75875],{"class":159},"   # [10, 30, 50]\n",[94,75877,75878,75880,75882,75884,75886,75888,75890,75892],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,75879,326],{"class":145},[94,75881,149],{"class":108},[94,75883,153],{"class":152},[94,75885,74444],{"class":108},[94,75887,2380],{"class":104},[94,75889,412],{"class":112},[94,75891,20777],{"class":108},[94,75893,75894],{"class":159},"  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[24,75896,54,75897,75900,75901,75903],{},[15,75898,75899],{},"list[start:stop:step]",". The ",[15,75902,75742],{}," value is not included.",[80,75905,75907],{"id":75906},"what-list-slicing-means","What list slicing means",[24,75909,75910],{},"Slicing gets part of a list.",[24,75912,75913],{},"It uses square brackets with colons:",[85,75915,75917],{"className":87,"code":75916,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\npart = letters[1:4]\nprint(part)\n",[15,75918,75919,75967,75971,75990],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,75920,75921,75923,75925,75927,75929,75931,75933,75935,75937,75939,75941,75943,75945,75947,75949,75951,75953,75955,75957,75959,75961,75963,75965],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,75922,36418],{"class":100},[94,75924,105],{"class":104},[94,75926,109],{"class":108},[94,75928,332],{"class":331},[94,75930,434],{"class":335},[94,75932,332],{"class":331},[94,75934,116],{"class":108},[94,75936,1040],{"class":331},[94,75938,1937],{"class":335},[94,75940,332],{"class":331},[94,75942,116],{"class":108},[94,75944,1040],{"class":331},[94,75946,1946],{"class":335},[94,75948,332],{"class":331},[94,75950,116],{"class":108},[94,75952,1040],{"class":331},[94,75954,19098],{"class":335},[94,75956,332],{"class":331},[94,75958,116],{"class":108},[94,75960,1040],{"class":331},[94,75962,60772],{"class":335},[94,75964,332],{"class":331},[94,75966,127],{"class":108},[94,75968,75969],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,75970,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,75972,75973,75976,75978,75980,75982,75984,75986,75988],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,75974,75975],{"class":100},"part ",[94,75977,105],{"class":104},[94,75979,70420],{"class":100},[94,75981,539],{"class":108},[94,75983,412],{"class":112},[94,75985,384],{"class":108},[94,75987,857],{"class":112},[94,75989,127],{"class":108},[94,75991,75992,75994,75996,75999],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,75993,326],{"class":145},[94,75995,149],{"class":108},[94,75997,75998],{"class":152},"part",[94,76000,316],{"class":108},[24,76002,371],{},[85,76004,76006],{"className":87,"code":76005,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"['b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,76007,76008],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,76009,76010,76012,76014,76016,76018,76020,76022,76024,76026,76028,76030,76032,76034],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,76011,539],{"class":108},[94,76013,968],{"class":331},[94,76015,1937],{"class":335},[94,76017,968],{"class":331},[94,76019,116],{"class":108},[94,76021,962],{"class":331},[94,76023,1946],{"class":335},[94,76025,968],{"class":331},[94,76027,116],{"class":108},[94,76029,962],{"class":331},[94,76031,19098],{"class":335},[94,76033,968],{"class":331},[94,76035,127],{"class":108},[24,76037,13378],{},[28,76039,76040,76043,76046,76052,76058],{},[31,76041,76042],{},"Slicing gets part of a list",[31,76044,76045],{},"It uses square brackets with colons",[31,76047,76048,76049],{},"Basic form: ",[15,76050,76051],{},"list[start:stop]",[31,76053,76054,76055,76057],{},"The item at ",[15,76056,75742],{}," is not included",[31,76059,76060],{},"Slicing returns a new list",[24,76062,76063,76064,168],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with lists, see the ",[434,76065,76066],{"href":985},"beginner guide to Python lists",[80,76068,76070],{"id":76069},"how-slice-positions-work","How slice positions work",[24,76072,76073],{},"A slice can have up to three parts:",[85,76075,76076],{"className":87,"code":75752,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,76077,76078],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,76079,76080,76082,76084,76086,76088,76090,76092,76094],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,76081,594],{"class":100},[94,76083,539],{"class":108},[94,76085,36400],{"class":100},[94,76087,384],{"class":108},[94,76089,75742],{"class":100},[94,76091,384],{"class":108},[94,76093,75745],{"class":100},[94,76095,127],{"class":108},[24,76097,65369],{},[28,76099,76100,76105,76110],{},[31,76101,76102,76104],{},[15,76103,36400],{}," is where slicing begins",[31,76106,76107,76109],{},[15,76108,75742],{}," is where slicing ends before that position",[31,76111,76112,76114],{},[15,76113,75745],{}," controls how many positions to move each time",[24,76116,76117],{},"If you leave part of the slice out:",[28,76119,76120,76126,76131],{},[31,76121,76122,76123,76125],{},"Missing ",[15,76124,36400],{}," means begin at the start of the list",[31,76127,76122,76128,76130],{},[15,76129,75742],{}," means go to the end of the list",[31,76132,76122,76133,76135,76136],{},[15,76134,75745],{}," means use ",[15,76137,412],{},[24,76139,2566],{},[85,76141,76143],{"className":87,"code":76142,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\nprint(numbers[:3])    # start from the beginning\nprint(numbers[2:])    # go to the end\nprint(numbers[::1])   # step of 1\n",[15,76144,76145,76173,76177,76198,76215,76233],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,76146,76147,76149,76151,76153,76155,76157,76159,76161,76163,76165,76167,76169,76171],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,76148,101],{"class":100},[94,76150,105],{"class":104},[94,76152,109],{"class":108},[94,76154,2688],{"class":112},[94,76156,116],{"class":108},[94,76158,8124],{"class":112},[94,76160,116],{"class":108},[94,76162,8129],{"class":112},[94,76164,116],{"class":108},[94,76166,51174],{"class":112},[94,76168,116],{"class":108},[94,76170,5418],{"class":112},[94,76172,127],{"class":108},[94,76174,76175],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,76176,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,76178,76179,76181,76183,76185,76187,76189,76191,76193,76195],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,76180,326],{"class":145},[94,76182,149],{"class":108},[94,76184,153],{"class":152},[94,76186,539],{"class":108},[94,76188,412],{"class":112},[94,76190,384],{"class":108},[94,76192,857],{"class":112},[94,76194,20777],{"class":108},[94,76196,76197],{"class":159},"   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\n",[94,76199,76200,76202,76204,76206,76208,76210,76212],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,76201,326],{"class":145},[94,76203,149],{"class":108},[94,76205,153],{"class":152},[94,76207,75851],{"class":108},[94,76209,113],{"class":112},[94,76211,20777],{"class":108},[94,76213,76214],{"class":159},"    # start from the beginning\n",[94,76216,76217,76219,76221,76223,76225,76227,76230],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,76218,326],{"class":145},[94,76220,149],{"class":108},[94,76222,153],{"class":152},[94,76224,539],{"class":108},[94,76226,763],{"class":112},[94,76228,76229],{"class":108},":])",[94,76231,76232],{"class":159},"    # go to the end\n",[94,76234,76235,76237,76239,76241,76243,76245,76247],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,76236,326],{"class":145},[94,76238,149],{"class":108},[94,76240,153],{"class":152},[94,76242,74444],{"class":108},[94,76244,412],{"class":112},[94,76246,20777],{"class":108},[94,76248,76249],{"class":159},"   # step of 1\n",[24,76251,371],{},[85,76253,76255],{"className":87,"code":76254,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"[20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n[30, 40, 50]\n[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n",[15,76256,76257,76273,76289,76305],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,76258,76259,76261,76263,76265,76267,76269,76271],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,76260,539],{"class":108},[94,76262,16082],{"class":112},[94,76264,116],{"class":108},[94,76266,8129],{"class":112},[94,76268,116],{"class":108},[94,76270,51174],{"class":112},[94,76272,127],{"class":108},[94,76274,76275,76277,76279,76281,76283,76285,76287],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,76276,539],{"class":108},[94,76278,2688],{"class":112},[94,76280,116],{"class":108},[94,76282,8124],{"class":112},[94,76284,116],{"class":108},[94,76286,8129],{"class":112},[94,76288,127],{"class":108},[94,76290,76291,76293,76295,76297,76299,76301,76303],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,76292,539],{"class":108},[94,76294,37170],{"class":112},[94,76296,116],{"class":108},[94,76298,51174],{"class":112},[94,76300,116],{"class":108},[94,76302,5418],{"class":112},[94,76304,127],{"class":108},[94,76306,76307,76309,76311,76313,76315,76317,76319,76321,76323,76325,76327],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,76308,539],{"class":108},[94,76310,2688],{"class":112},[94,76312,116],{"class":108},[94,76314,8124],{"class":112},[94,76316,116],{"class":108},[94,76318,8129],{"class":112},[94,76320,116],{"class":108},[94,76322,51174],{"class":112},[94,76324,116],{"class":108},[94,76326,5418],{"class":112},[94,76328,127],{"class":108},[80,76330,76332],{"id":76331},"common-slicing-patterns","Common slicing patterns",[24,76334,76335],{},"These are some of the most useful slice patterns to know:",[28,76337,76338,76347,76356,76367,76373],{},[31,76339,76340,76343,76344,6297],{},[15,76341,76342],{},"list[:n]"," gets the first ",[15,76345,76346],{},"n",[31,76348,76349,76352,76353,76355],{},[15,76350,76351],{},"list[n:]"," gets items from position ",[15,76354,76346],{}," to the end",[31,76357,76358,76361,76362,76364,76365],{},[15,76359,76360],{},"list[a:b]"," gets items from ",[15,76363,434],{}," up to ",[15,76366,1937],{},[31,76368,76369,76372],{},[15,76370,76371],{},"list[::2]"," gets every second item",[31,76374,76375,76378],{},[15,76376,76377],{},"list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy",[24,76380,2566],{},[85,76382,76384],{"className":87,"code":76383,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[:3])    # first 3 items\nprint(numbers[3:])    # from index 3 to the end\nprint(numbers[1:5])   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\nprint(numbers[::2])   # every second item\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # reversed copy\n",[15,76385,76386,76419,76423,76440,76457,76478,76495],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,76387,76388,76390,76392,76394,76396,76398,76400,76402,76404,76406,76408,76410,76412,76414,76417],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,76389,101],{"class":100},[94,76391,105],{"class":104},[94,76393,109],{"class":108},[94,76395,2688],{"class":112},[94,76397,116],{"class":108},[94,76399,8124],{"class":112},[94,76401,116],{"class":108},[94,76403,8129],{"class":112},[94,76405,116],{"class":108},[94,76407,51174],{"class":112},[94,76409,116],{"class":108},[94,76411,5418],{"class":112},[94,76413,116],{"class":108},[94,76415,76416],{"class":112}," 60",[94,76418,127],{"class":108},[94,76420,76421],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,76422,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,76424,76425,76427,76429,76431,76433,76435,76437],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,76426,326],{"class":145},[94,76428,149],{"class":108},[94,76430,153],{"class":152},[94,76432,75851],{"class":108},[94,76434,113],{"class":112},[94,76436,20777],{"class":108},[94,76438,76439],{"class":159},"    # first 3 items\n",[94,76441,76442,76444,76446,76448,76450,76452,76454],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,76443,326],{"class":145},[94,76445,149],{"class":108},[94,76447,153],{"class":152},[94,76449,539],{"class":108},[94,76451,113],{"class":112},[94,76453,76229],{"class":108},[94,76455,76456],{"class":159},"    # from index 3 to the end\n",[94,76458,76459,76461,76463,76465,76467,76469,76471,76473,76475],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,76460,326],{"class":145},[94,76462,149],{"class":108},[94,76464,153],{"class":152},[94,76466,539],{"class":108},[94,76468,412],{"class":112},[94,76470,384],{"class":108},[94,76472,615],{"class":112},[94,76474,20777],{"class":108},[94,76476,76477],{"class":159},"   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\n",[94,76479,76480,76482,76484,76486,76488,76490,76492],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,76481,326],{"class":145},[94,76483,149],{"class":108},[94,76485,153],{"class":152},[94,76487,74444],{"class":108},[94,76489,763],{"class":112},[94,76491,20777],{"class":108},[94,76493,76494],{"class":159},"   # every second item\n",[94,76496,76497,76499,76501,76503,76505,76507,76509,76511],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,76498,326],{"class":145},[94,76500,149],{"class":108},[94,76502,153],{"class":152},[94,76504,74444],{"class":108},[94,76506,2380],{"class":104},[94,76508,412],{"class":112},[94,76510,20777],{"class":108},[94,76512,76513],{"class":159},"  # reversed copy\n",[24,76515,371],{},[85,76517,76519],{"className":87,"code":76518,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"[10, 20, 30]\n[40, 50, 60]\n[20, 30, 40, 50]\n[10, 30, 50]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,76520,76521,76537,76553,76573,76589],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,76522,76523,76525,76527,76529,76531,76533,76535],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,76524,539],{"class":108},[94,76526,2688],{"class":112},[94,76528,116],{"class":108},[94,76530,8124],{"class":112},[94,76532,116],{"class":108},[94,76534,8129],{"class":112},[94,76536,127],{"class":108},[94,76538,76539,76541,76543,76545,76547,76549,76551],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,76540,539],{"class":108},[94,76542,57017],{"class":112},[94,76544,116],{"class":108},[94,76546,5418],{"class":112},[94,76548,116],{"class":108},[94,76550,76416],{"class":112},[94,76552,127],{"class":108},[94,76554,76555,76557,76559,76561,76563,76565,76567,76569,76571],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,76556,539],{"class":108},[94,76558,16082],{"class":112},[94,76560,116],{"class":108},[94,76562,8129],{"class":112},[94,76564,116],{"class":108},[94,76566,51174],{"class":112},[94,76568,116],{"class":108},[94,76570,5418],{"class":112},[94,76572,127],{"class":108},[94,76574,76575,76577,76579,76581,76583,76585,76587],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,76576,539],{"class":108},[94,76578,2688],{"class":112},[94,76580,116],{"class":108},[94,76582,8129],{"class":112},[94,76584,116],{"class":108},[94,76586,5418],{"class":112},[94,76588,127],{"class":108},[94,76590,76591,76593,76596,76598,76600,76602,76604,76606,76608,76610,76612,76614,76616],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,76592,539],{"class":108},[94,76594,76595],{"class":112},"60",[94,76597,116],{"class":108},[94,76599,5418],{"class":112},[94,76601,116],{"class":108},[94,76603,51174],{"class":112},[94,76605,116],{"class":108},[94,76607,8129],{"class":112},[94,76609,116],{"class":108},[94,76611,8124],{"class":112},[94,76613,116],{"class":108},[94,76615,6336],{"class":112},[94,76617,127],{"class":108},[24,76619,76620,76621,168],{},"If you want to make a separate copy of a list, see ",[434,76622,15215],{"href":57543},[80,76624,76626],{"id":76625},"negative-indexes-in-slices","Negative indexes in slices",[24,76628,76629],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list.",[24,76631,5804],{},[28,76633,76634,76640],{},[31,76635,76636,76639],{},[15,76637,76638],{},"list[-1]"," is the last item",[31,76641,76642,76645],{},[15,76643,76644],{},"list[-2]"," is the second-to-last item",[24,76647,76648],{},"Negative indexes also work in slices.",[85,76650,76652],{"className":87,"code":76651,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\nprint(letters[-1])    # last item\nprint(letters[-3:])   # last 3 items\nprint(letters[:-1])   # everything except the last item\n",[15,76653,76654,76702,76706,76725,76744],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,76655,76656,76658,76660,76662,76664,76666,76668,76670,76672,76674,76676,76678,76680,76682,76684,76686,76688,76690,76692,76694,76696,76698,76700],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,76657,36418],{"class":100},[94,76659,105],{"class":104},[94,76661,109],{"class":108},[94,76663,332],{"class":331},[94,76665,434],{"class":335},[94,76667,332],{"class":331},[94,76669,116],{"class":108},[94,76671,1040],{"class":331},[94,76673,1937],{"class":335},[94,76675,332],{"class":331},[94,76677,116],{"class":108},[94,76679,1040],{"class":331},[94,76681,1946],{"class":335},[94,76683,332],{"class":331},[94,76685,116],{"class":108},[94,76687,1040],{"class":331},[94,76689,19098],{"class":335},[94,76691,332],{"class":331},[94,76693,116],{"class":108},[94,76695,1040],{"class":331},[94,76697,60772],{"class":335},[94,76699,332],{"class":331},[94,76701,127],{"class":108},[94,76703,76704],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,76705,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,76707,76708,76710,76712,76714,76716,76718,76720,76722],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,76709,326],{"class":145},[94,76711,149],{"class":108},[94,76713,36471],{"class":152},[94,76715,539],{"class":108},[94,76717,2380],{"class":104},[94,76719,412],{"class":112},[94,76721,20777],{"class":108},[94,76723,76724],{"class":159},"    # last item\n",[94,76726,76727,76729,76731,76733,76735,76737,76739,76741],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,76728,326],{"class":145},[94,76730,149],{"class":108},[94,76732,36471],{"class":152},[94,76734,539],{"class":108},[94,76736,2380],{"class":104},[94,76738,113],{"class":112},[94,76740,76229],{"class":108},[94,76742,76743],{"class":159},"   # last 3 items\n",[94,76745,76746,76748,76750,76752,76754,76756,76758,76760],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,76747,326],{"class":145},[94,76749,149],{"class":108},[94,76751,36471],{"class":152},[94,76753,75851],{"class":108},[94,76755,2380],{"class":104},[94,76757,412],{"class":112},[94,76759,20777],{"class":108},[94,76761,76762],{"class":159},"   # everything except the last item\n",[24,76764,371],{},[85,76766,76768],{"className":87,"code":76767,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"e\n['c', 'd', 'e']\n['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,76769,76770,76775,76803],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,76771,76772],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,76773,76774],{"class":100},"e\n",[94,76776,76777,76779,76781,76783,76785,76787,76789,76791,76793,76795,76797,76799,76801],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,76778,539],{"class":108},[94,76780,968],{"class":331},[94,76782,1946],{"class":335},[94,76784,968],{"class":331},[94,76786,116],{"class":108},[94,76788,962],{"class":331},[94,76790,19098],{"class":335},[94,76792,968],{"class":331},[94,76794,116],{"class":108},[94,76796,962],{"class":331},[94,76798,60772],{"class":335},[94,76800,968],{"class":331},[94,76802,127],{"class":108},[94,76804,76805,76807,76809,76811,76813,76815,76817,76819,76821,76823,76825,76827,76829,76831,76833,76835,76837],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,76806,539],{"class":108},[94,76808,968],{"class":331},[94,76810,434],{"class":335},[94,76812,968],{"class":331},[94,76814,116],{"class":108},[94,76816,962],{"class":331},[94,76818,1937],{"class":335},[94,76820,968],{"class":331},[94,76822,116],{"class":108},[94,76824,962],{"class":331},[94,76826,1946],{"class":335},[94,76828,968],{"class":331},[94,76830,116],{"class":108},[94,76832,962],{"class":331},[94,76834,19098],{"class":335},[94,76836,968],{"class":331},[94,76838,127],{"class":108},[24,76840,13378],{},[28,76842,76843,76846,76850,76856,76862],{},[31,76844,76845],{},"Negative indexes count from the end",[31,76847,76848,76639],{},[15,76849,76638],{},[31,76851,76852,76855],{},[15,76853,76854],{},"list[-3:]"," gets the last three items",[31,76857,76858,76861],{},[15,76859,76860],{},"list[:-1]"," gets everything except the last item",[31,76863,76864,76865,1139,76867],{},"Negative indexes work with both ",[15,76866,36400],{},[15,76868,75742],{},[80,76870,76872],{"id":76871},"slice-step-and-reverse-order","Slice step and reverse order",[24,76874,2336,76875,76877],{},[15,76876,75745],{}," value controls how far Python moves each time.",[28,76879,76880,76883,76886,76891,76901],{},[31,76881,76882],{},"A positive step moves left to right",[31,76884,76885],{},"A negative step moves right to left",[31,76887,76888,76890],{},[15,76889,76377],{}," is a common way to reverse a list copy",[31,76892,9208,76893,76895,76896,76898,76899],{},[15,76894,75745],{}," is negative, ",[15,76897,36400],{}," usually needs to be greater than ",[15,76900,75742],{},[31,76902,76903,76905,76906],{},[15,76904,75745],{}," cannot be ",[15,76907,2476],{},[24,76909,76910],{},"Example with different step values:",[85,76912,76914],{"className":87,"code":76913,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[::2])     # every second item\nprint(numbers[1::2])    # every second item starting at index 1\nprint(numbers[::-1])    # reverse the list\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[15,76915,76916,76948,76952,76969,76991,77010],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,76917,76918,76920,76922,76924,76926,76928,76930,76932,76934,76936,76938,76940,76942,76944,76946],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,76919,101],{"class":100},[94,76921,105],{"class":104},[94,76923,109],{"class":108},[94,76925,2688],{"class":112},[94,76927,116],{"class":108},[94,76929,8124],{"class":112},[94,76931,116],{"class":108},[94,76933,8129],{"class":112},[94,76935,116],{"class":108},[94,76937,51174],{"class":112},[94,76939,116],{"class":108},[94,76941,5418],{"class":112},[94,76943,116],{"class":108},[94,76945,76416],{"class":112},[94,76947,127],{"class":108},[94,76949,76950],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,76951,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,76953,76954,76956,76958,76960,76962,76964,76966],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,76955,326],{"class":145},[94,76957,149],{"class":108},[94,76959,153],{"class":152},[94,76961,74444],{"class":108},[94,76963,763],{"class":112},[94,76965,20777],{"class":108},[94,76967,76968],{"class":159},"     # every second item\n",[94,76970,76971,76973,76975,76977,76979,76981,76984,76986,76988],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,76972,326],{"class":145},[94,76974,149],{"class":108},[94,76976,153],{"class":152},[94,76978,539],{"class":108},[94,76980,412],{"class":112},[94,76982,76983],{"class":108},"::",[94,76985,763],{"class":112},[94,76987,20777],{"class":108},[94,76989,76990],{"class":159},"    # every second item starting at index 1\n",[94,76992,76993,76995,76997,76999,77001,77003,77005,77007],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,76994,326],{"class":145},[94,76996,149],{"class":108},[94,76998,153],{"class":152},[94,77000,74444],{"class":108},[94,77002,2380],{"class":104},[94,77004,412],{"class":112},[94,77006,20777],{"class":108},[94,77008,77009],{"class":159},"    # reverse the list\n",[94,77011,77012,77014,77016,77018,77020,77022,77024,77026,77028,77030,77032,77034],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,77013,326],{"class":145},[94,77015,149],{"class":108},[94,77017,153],{"class":152},[94,77019,539],{"class":108},[94,77021,857],{"class":112},[94,77023,384],{"class":108},[94,77025,412],{"class":112},[94,77027,384],{"class":108},[94,77029,2380],{"class":104},[94,77031,412],{"class":112},[94,77033,20777],{"class":108},[94,77035,77036],{"class":159},"  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[24,77038,371],{},[85,77040,77042],{"className":87,"code":77041,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"[10, 30, 50]\n[20, 40, 60]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n[50, 40, 30]\n",[15,77043,77044,77060,77076,77104],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,77045,77046,77048,77050,77052,77054,77056,77058],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,77047,539],{"class":108},[94,77049,2688],{"class":112},[94,77051,116],{"class":108},[94,77053,8129],{"class":112},[94,77055,116],{"class":108},[94,77057,5418],{"class":112},[94,77059,127],{"class":108},[94,77061,77062,77064,77066,77068,77070,77072,77074],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,77063,539],{"class":108},[94,77065,16082],{"class":112},[94,77067,116],{"class":108},[94,77069,51174],{"class":112},[94,77071,116],{"class":108},[94,77073,76416],{"class":112},[94,77075,127],{"class":108},[94,77077,77078,77080,77082,77084,77086,77088,77090,77092,77094,77096,77098,77100,77102],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,77079,539],{"class":108},[94,77081,76595],{"class":112},[94,77083,116],{"class":108},[94,77085,5418],{"class":112},[94,77087,116],{"class":108},[94,77089,51174],{"class":112},[94,77091,116],{"class":108},[94,77093,8129],{"class":112},[94,77095,116],{"class":108},[94,77097,8124],{"class":112},[94,77099,116],{"class":108},[94,77101,6336],{"class":112},[94,77103,127],{"class":108},[94,77105,77106,77108,77111,77113,77115,77117,77119],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,77107,539],{"class":108},[94,77109,77110],{"class":112},"50",[94,77112,116],{"class":108},[94,77114,51174],{"class":112},[94,77116,116],{"class":108},[94,77118,8129],{"class":112},[94,77120,127],{"class":108},[24,77122,77123,77124,168],{},"If you want to reverse a list in other ways, compare this with ",[434,77125,77126],{"href":75122},"how to reverse a list in Python",[265,77128,77130],{"id":77129},"step-cannot-be-0","Step cannot be 0",[24,77132,3193],{},[85,77134,77136],{"className":87,"code":77135,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,77137,77138,77158],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,77139,77140,77142,77144,77146,77148,77150,77152,77154,77156],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,77141,101],{"class":100},[94,77143,105],{"class":104},[94,77145,109],{"class":108},[94,77147,412],{"class":112},[94,77149,116],{"class":108},[94,77151,124],{"class":112},[94,77153,116],{"class":108},[94,77155,421],{"class":112},[94,77157,127],{"class":108},[94,77159,77160,77162,77164,77166,77168,77170],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,77161,326],{"class":145},[94,77163,149],{"class":108},[94,77165,153],{"class":152},[94,77167,74444],{"class":108},[94,77169,2476],{"class":112},[94,77171,4234],{"class":108},[24,77173,77174,77175,77177,77178,77180],{},"Python raises a ",[15,77176,41034],{}," because a slice step of ",[15,77179,2476],{}," does not make sense.",[80,77182,77184],{"id":77183},"slicing-vs-indexing","Slicing vs indexing",[24,77186,77187],{},"Slicing and indexing look similar, but they do different things.",[265,77189,77191],{"id":77190},"indexing-gets-one-item","Indexing gets one item",[85,77193,77195],{"className":87,"code":77194,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,77196,77197,77221,77225],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,77198,77199,77201,77203,77205,77207,77209,77211,77213,77215,77217,77219],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,77200,101],{"class":100},[94,77202,105],{"class":104},[94,77204,109],{"class":108},[94,77206,2688],{"class":112},[94,77208,116],{"class":108},[94,77210,8124],{"class":112},[94,77212,116],{"class":108},[94,77214,8129],{"class":112},[94,77216,116],{"class":108},[94,77218,51174],{"class":112},[94,77220,127],{"class":108},[94,77222,77223],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,77224,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,77226,77227,77229,77231,77233,77235,77237],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,77228,326],{"class":145},[94,77230,149],{"class":108},[94,77232,153],{"class":152},[94,77234,539],{"class":108},[94,77236,763],{"class":112},[94,77238,4234],{"class":108},[24,77240,371],{},[85,77242,77243],{"className":87,"code":70164,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,77244,77245],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,77246,77247],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,77248,70164],{"class":112},[265,77250,77252],{"id":77251},"slicing-gets-a-new-list","Slicing gets a new list",[85,77254,77256],{"className":87,"code":77255,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2:3])\n",[15,77257,77258,77282,77286],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,77259,77260,77262,77264,77266,77268,77270,77272,77274,77276,77278,77280],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,77261,101],{"class":100},[94,77263,105],{"class":104},[94,77265,109],{"class":108},[94,77267,2688],{"class":112},[94,77269,116],{"class":108},[94,77271,8124],{"class":112},[94,77273,116],{"class":108},[94,77275,8129],{"class":112},[94,77277,116],{"class":108},[94,77279,51174],{"class":112},[94,77281,127],{"class":108},[94,77283,77284],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,77285,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,77287,77288,77290,77292,77294,77296,77298,77300,77302],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,77289,326],{"class":145},[94,77291,149],{"class":108},[94,77293,153],{"class":152},[94,77295,539],{"class":108},[94,77297,763],{"class":112},[94,77299,384],{"class":108},[94,77301,113],{"class":112},[94,77303,4234],{"class":108},[24,77305,371],{},[85,77307,77309],{"className":87,"code":77308,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"[30]\n",[15,77310,77311],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,77312,77313,77315,77317],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,77314,539],{"class":108},[94,77316,37170],{"class":112},[94,77318,127],{"class":108},[24,77320,14090],{},[28,77322,77323,77329],{},[31,77324,77325,77328],{},[15,77326,77327],{},"numbers[2]"," returns one value",[31,77330,77331,77334],{},[15,77332,77333],{},"numbers[2:3]"," returns a list with one item",[24,77336,77337],{},"Another important difference is error behavior:",[28,77339,77340,77343],{},[31,77341,77342],{},"Out-of-range indexing can raise an error",[31,77344,77345],{},"Out-of-range slicing usually does not",[24,77347,2566],{},[85,77349,77351],{"className":87,"code":77350,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5:10])\n",[15,77352,77353,77373,77377],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,77354,77355,77357,77359,77361,77363,77365,77367,77369,77371],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,77356,101],{"class":100},[94,77358,105],{"class":104},[94,77360,109],{"class":108},[94,77362,2688],{"class":112},[94,77364,116],{"class":108},[94,77366,8124],{"class":112},[94,77368,116],{"class":108},[94,77370,8129],{"class":112},[94,77372,127],{"class":108},[94,77374,77375],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,77376,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,77378,77379,77381,77383,77385,77387,77389,77391,77393],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,77380,326],{"class":145},[94,77382,149],{"class":108},[94,77384,153],{"class":152},[94,77386,539],{"class":108},[94,77388,615],{"class":112},[94,77390,384],{"class":108},[94,77392,2688],{"class":112},[94,77394,4234],{"class":108},[24,77396,371],{},[85,77398,77399],{"className":87,"code":38627,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,77400,77401],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,77402,77403],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,77404,38627],{"class":108},[24,77406,77407],{},"But this would raise an error:",[85,77409,77411],{"className":87,"code":77410,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,77412,77413,77433,77437],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,77414,77415,77417,77419,77421,77423,77425,77427,77429,77431],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,77416,101],{"class":100},[94,77418,105],{"class":104},[94,77420,109],{"class":108},[94,77422,2688],{"class":112},[94,77424,116],{"class":108},[94,77426,8124],{"class":112},[94,77428,116],{"class":108},[94,77430,8129],{"class":112},[94,77432,127],{"class":108},[94,77434,77435],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,77436,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,77438,77439,77441,77443,77445,77447,77449],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,77440,326],{"class":145},[94,77442,149],{"class":108},[94,77444,153],{"class":152},[94,77446,539],{"class":108},[94,77448,615],{"class":112},[94,77450,4234],{"class":108},[24,77452,77453,77454,168],{},"If you run into that error, see ",[434,77455,69583],{"href":69582},[80,77457,15504],{"id":77458},"beginner-mistakes-to-avoid",[24,77460,77461],{},"These are the most common slicing mistakes:",[28,77463,77464,77468,77470,77473,77479],{},[31,77465,5047,77466,76057],{},[15,77467,75742],{},[31,77469,61017],{},[31,77471,77472],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original list",[31,77474,37533,77475,9037,77477],{},[15,77476,76377],{},[15,77478,73850],{},[31,77480,77481,77482,77484],{},"Using step ",[15,77483,2476],{},", which causes an error",[265,77486,77488],{"id":77487},"_1-forgetting-that-stop-is-not-included","1. Forgetting that stop is not included",[85,77490,77492],{"className":87,"code":77491,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,77493,77494,77522],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,77495,77496,77498,77500,77502,77504,77506,77508,77510,77512,77514,77516,77518,77520],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,77497,101],{"class":100},[94,77499,105],{"class":104},[94,77501,109],{"class":108},[94,77503,2688],{"class":112},[94,77505,116],{"class":108},[94,77507,8124],{"class":112},[94,77509,116],{"class":108},[94,77511,8129],{"class":112},[94,77513,116],{"class":108},[94,77515,51174],{"class":112},[94,77517,116],{"class":108},[94,77519,5418],{"class":112},[94,77521,127],{"class":108},[94,77523,77524,77526,77528,77530,77532,77534,77536,77538],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,77525,326],{"class":145},[94,77527,149],{"class":108},[94,77529,153],{"class":152},[94,77531,539],{"class":108},[94,77533,412],{"class":112},[94,77535,384],{"class":108},[94,77537,857],{"class":112},[94,77539,4234],{"class":108},[24,77541,77542],{},"This returns:",[85,77544,77546],{"className":87,"code":77545,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"[20, 30, 40]\n",[15,77547,77548],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,77549,77550,77552,77554,77556,77558,77560,77562],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,77551,539],{"class":108},[94,77553,16082],{"class":112},[94,77555,116],{"class":108},[94,77557,8129],{"class":112},[94,77559,116],{"class":108},[94,77561,51174],{"class":112},[94,77563,127],{"class":108},[24,77565,41236,77566,77568,77569,77571,77572,168],{},[43,77567,45],{}," include ",[15,77570,77110],{},", because slicing stops before index ",[15,77573,857],{},[265,77575,77577],{"id":77576},"_2-using-parentheses-instead-of-square-brackets","2. Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[24,77579,16972],{},[85,77581,77583],{"className":87,"code":77582,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# numbers(1:3)\n",[15,77584,77585,77605],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,77586,77587,77589,77591,77593,77595,77597,77599,77601,77603],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,77588,101],{"class":100},[94,77590,105],{"class":104},[94,77592,109],{"class":108},[94,77594,2688],{"class":112},[94,77596,116],{"class":108},[94,77598,8124],{"class":112},[94,77600,116],{"class":108},[94,77602,8129],{"class":112},[94,77604,127],{"class":108},[94,77606,77607],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,77608,77609],{"class":159},"# numbers(1:3)\n",[24,77611,77612],{},"A slice must use square brackets:",[85,77614,77616],{"className":87,"code":77615,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,77617,77618],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,77619,77620,77622,77624,77626,77628,77630,77632,77634],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,77621,326],{"class":145},[94,77623,149],{"class":108},[94,77625,153],{"class":152},[94,77627,539],{"class":108},[94,77629,412],{"class":112},[94,77631,384],{"class":108},[94,77633,113],{"class":112},[94,77635,4234],{"class":108},[265,77637,77639],{"id":77638},"_3-expecting-slicing-to-modify-the-original-list","3. Expecting slicing to modify the original list",[24,77641,77642],{},"A slice creates a new list.",[85,77644,77646],{"className":87,"code":77645,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\npart = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77647,77648,77672,77686,77690,77700],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,77649,77650,77652,77654,77656,77658,77660,77662,77664,77666,77668,77670],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,77651,101],{"class":100},[94,77653,105],{"class":104},[94,77655,109],{"class":108},[94,77657,2688],{"class":112},[94,77659,116],{"class":108},[94,77661,8124],{"class":112},[94,77663,116],{"class":108},[94,77665,8129],{"class":112},[94,77667,116],{"class":108},[94,77669,51174],{"class":112},[94,77671,127],{"class":108},[94,77673,77674,77676,77678,77680,77682,77684],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,77675,75975],{"class":100},[94,77677,105],{"class":104},[94,77679,343],{"class":100},[94,77681,75851],{"class":108},[94,77683,763],{"class":112},[94,77685,127],{"class":108},[94,77687,77688],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,77689,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,77691,77692,77694,77696,77698],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,77693,326],{"class":145},[94,77695,149],{"class":108},[94,77697,75998],{"class":152},[94,77699,316],{"class":108},[94,77701,77702,77704,77706,77708],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,77703,326],{"class":145},[94,77705,149],{"class":108},[94,77707,153],{"class":152},[94,77709,316],{"class":108},[24,77711,371],{},[85,77713,77715],{"className":87,"code":77714,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"[10, 20]\n[10, 20, 30, 40]\n",[15,77716,77717,77729],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,77718,77719,77721,77723,77725,77727],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,77720,539],{"class":108},[94,77722,2688],{"class":112},[94,77724,116],{"class":108},[94,77726,8124],{"class":112},[94,77728,127],{"class":108},[94,77730,77731,77733,77735,77737,77739,77741,77743,77745,77747],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,77732,539],{"class":108},[94,77734,2688],{"class":112},[94,77736,116],{"class":108},[94,77738,8124],{"class":112},[94,77740,116],{"class":108},[94,77742,8129],{"class":112},[94,77744,116],{"class":108},[94,77746,51174],{"class":112},[94,77748,127],{"class":108},[24,77750,77751],{},"The original list stays the same unless you assign the result back.",[265,77753,77755,77756,9037,77758],{"id":77754},"_4-confusing-list-1-with-listreverse","4. Confusing ",[15,77757,76377],{},[15,77759,73850],{},[85,77761,77763],{"className":87,"code":77762,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nreversed_copy = numbers[::-1]\nprint(reversed_copy)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77764,77765,77785,77789,77806,77817],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,77766,77767,77769,77771,77773,77775,77777,77779,77781,77783],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,77768,101],{"class":100},[94,77770,105],{"class":104},[94,77772,109],{"class":108},[94,77774,2688],{"class":112},[94,77776,116],{"class":108},[94,77778,8124],{"class":112},[94,77780,116],{"class":108},[94,77782,8129],{"class":112},[94,77784,127],{"class":108},[94,77786,77787],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,77788,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,77790,77791,77794,77796,77798,77800,77802,77804],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,77792,77793],{"class":100},"reversed_copy ",[94,77795,105],{"class":104},[94,77797,343],{"class":100},[94,77799,74444],{"class":108},[94,77801,2380],{"class":104},[94,77803,412],{"class":112},[94,77805,127],{"class":108},[94,77807,77808,77810,77812,77815],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,77809,326],{"class":145},[94,77811,149],{"class":108},[94,77813,77814],{"class":152},"reversed_copy",[94,77816,316],{"class":108},[94,77818,77819,77821,77823,77825],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,77820,326],{"class":145},[94,77822,149],{"class":108},[94,77824,153],{"class":152},[94,77826,316],{"class":108},[24,77828,371],{},[85,77830,77832],{"className":87,"code":77831,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"[30, 20, 10]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,77833,77834,77850],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,77835,77836,77838,77840,77842,77844,77846,77848],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,77837,539],{"class":108},[94,77839,37170],{"class":112},[94,77841,116],{"class":108},[94,77843,8124],{"class":112},[94,77845,116],{"class":108},[94,77847,6336],{"class":112},[94,77849,127],{"class":108},[94,77851,77852,77854,77856,77858,77860,77862,77864],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,77853,539],{"class":108},[94,77855,2688],{"class":112},[94,77857,116],{"class":108},[94,77859,8124],{"class":112},[94,77861,116],{"class":108},[94,77863,8129],{"class":112},[94,77865,127],{"class":108},[24,77867,77868,77871],{},[15,77869,77870],{},"numbers[::-1]"," creates a reversed copy.",[24,77873,77874,77875,77878],{},"By contrast, ",[15,77876,77877],{},"numbers.reverse()"," changes the original list in place.",[265,77880,77882],{"id":77881},"_5-using-a-step-of-0","5. Using a step of 0",[24,77884,77885],{},"This is not allowed:",[85,77887,77889],{"className":87,"code":77888,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# print(numbers[::0])\n",[15,77890,77891,77911],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,77892,77893,77895,77897,77899,77901,77903,77905,77907,77909],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,77894,101],{"class":100},[94,77896,105],{"class":104},[94,77898,109],{"class":108},[94,77900,2688],{"class":112},[94,77902,116],{"class":108},[94,77904,8124],{"class":112},[94,77906,116],{"class":108},[94,77908,8129],{"class":112},[94,77910,127],{"class":108},[94,77912,77913],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,77914,77915],{"class":159},"# print(numbers[::0])\n",[24,77917,77918,77919,168],{},"Python will raise a ",[15,77920,41034],{},[80,77922,77924],{"id":77923},"common-causes-of-slicing-confusion","Common causes of slicing confusion",[24,77926,77927],{},"If list slicing feels confusing at first, these are usually the reasons:",[28,77929,77930,77937,77943,77946,77949],{},[31,77931,37533,77932,1139,77934,77936],{},[15,77933,36400],{},[15,77935,75742],{}," positions",[31,77938,77939,77940,77942],{},"Assuming the ",[15,77941,75742],{}," index is included",[31,77944,77945],{},"Mixing up slicing and indexing",[31,77947,77948],{},"Using a negative step without understanding the direction",[31,77950,77951],{},"Expecting a slice to modify the original list",[24,77953,77954],{},"A good way to debug slices is to print the list and test small examples:",[85,77956,77958],{"className":87,"code":77957,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list[1:4])\nprint(my_list[:3])\nprint(my_list[-3:])\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,77959,77960,77970,77984,78002,78016,78033],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,77961,77962,77964,77966,77968],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,77963,326],{"class":145},[94,77965,149],{"class":108},[94,77967,594],{"class":152},[94,77969,316],{"class":108},[94,77971,77972,77974,77976,77978,77980,77982],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,77973,326],{"class":145},[94,77975,149],{"class":108},[94,77977,11490],{"class":145},[94,77979,149],{"class":108},[94,77981,594],{"class":152},[94,77983,921],{"class":108},[94,77985,77986,77988,77990,77992,77994,77996,77998,78000],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,77987,326],{"class":145},[94,77989,149],{"class":108},[94,77991,594],{"class":152},[94,77993,539],{"class":108},[94,77995,412],{"class":112},[94,77997,384],{"class":108},[94,77999,857],{"class":112},[94,78001,4234],{"class":108},[94,78003,78004,78006,78008,78010,78012,78014],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,78005,326],{"class":145},[94,78007,149],{"class":108},[94,78009,594],{"class":152},[94,78011,75851],{"class":108},[94,78013,113],{"class":112},[94,78015,4234],{"class":108},[94,78017,78018,78020,78022,78024,78026,78028,78030],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,78019,326],{"class":145},[94,78021,149],{"class":108},[94,78023,594],{"class":152},[94,78025,539],{"class":108},[94,78027,2380],{"class":104},[94,78029,113],{"class":112},[94,78031,78032],{"class":108},":])\n",[94,78034,78035,78037,78039,78041,78043,78045,78047],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,78036,326],{"class":145},[94,78038,149],{"class":108},[94,78040,594],{"class":152},[94,78042,74444],{"class":108},[94,78044,2380],{"class":104},[94,78046,412],{"class":112},[94,78048,4234],{"class":108},[24,78050,1484,78051,78053,78054,78058],{},[15,78052,42691],{}," is especially helpful when you are checking positions in a list. See ",[434,78055,78057],{"href":78056},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len\u002F","Python list length with len()"," if you need a refresher.",[80,78060,2160],{"id":2159},[265,78062,78064],{"id":78063},"does-slicing-change-the-original-list","Does slicing change the original list?",[24,78066,78067],{},"No. A slice creates a new list unless you assign it back.",[265,78069,78071],{"id":78070},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-slice","Is the stop index included in a slice?",[24,78073,78074],{},"No. Python stops before that position.",[265,78076,5479,78078,40290],{"id":78077},"what-does-list-1-do",[15,78079,76377],{},[24,78081,78082],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the list.",[265,78084,78086,78087,2170],{"id":78085},"can-slicing-cause-indexerror","Can slicing cause ",[15,78088,71055],{},[24,78090,78091],{},"Usually no. Slices that go past the end return the available items.",[80,78093,2232],{"id":2231},[28,78095,78096,78101,78106,78110,78114,78118],{},[31,78097,78098],{},[434,78099,78100],{"href":985},"Beginner guide to Python lists",[31,78102,78103],{},[434,78104,78105],{"href":57477},"How to create a list in Python",[31,78107,78108],{},[434,78109,15292],{"href":57543},[31,78111,78112],{},[434,78113,75123],{"href":75122},[31,78115,78116],{},[434,78117,78057],{"href":78056},[31,78119,78120],{},[434,78121,69583],{"href":69582},[24,78123,78124,78125,78127],{},"Practice with small lists first, such as 3 to 5 items. Once slicing feels natural, move on to list indexing, ",[15,78126,42691],{},", copying, and reversing.",[2260,78129,78130],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":90,"searchDepth":130,"depth":130,"links":78132},[78133,78134,78135,78136,78137,78138,78141,78145,78153,78154,78162],{"id":2360,"depth":130,"text":2361},{"id":75906,"depth":130,"text":75907},{"id":76069,"depth":130,"text":76070},{"id":76331,"depth":130,"text":76332},{"id":76625,"depth":130,"text":76626},{"id":76871,"depth":130,"text":76872,"children":78139},[78140],{"id":77129,"depth":137,"text":77130},{"id":77183,"depth":130,"text":77184,"children":78142},[78143,78144],{"id":77190,"depth":137,"text":77191},{"id":77251,"depth":137,"text":77252},{"id":77458,"depth":130,"text":15504,"children":78146},[78147,78148,78149,78150,78152],{"id":77487,"depth":137,"text":77488},{"id":77576,"depth":137,"text":77577},{"id":77638,"depth":137,"text":77639},{"id":77754,"depth":137,"text":78151},"4. Confusing list[::-1] with list.reverse()",{"id":77881,"depth":137,"text":77882},{"id":77923,"depth":130,"text":77924},{"id":2159,"depth":130,"text":2160,"children":78155},[78156,78157,78158,78160],{"id":78063,"depth":137,"text":78064},{"id":78070,"depth":137,"text":78071},{"id":78077,"depth":137,"text":78159},"What does list[::-1] do?",{"id":78085,"depth":137,"text":78161},"Can slicing cause IndexError?",{"id":2231,"depth":130,"text":2232},"Master python list slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained",{"title":75729,"description":78163},"reference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained","pKnzxErXID1m6QqeoQmUcGq-aEEzjpIsufZXfnjTT8o",{"id":78170,"title":78171,"body":78172,"description":80230,"extension":2319,"meta":80231,"navigation":133,"path":80232,"seo":80233,"stem":80234,"__hash__":80235},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method.md","Python List sort() Method",{"type":7,"value":78173,"toc":80197},[78174,78179,78184,78190,78192,78239,78246,78250,78254,78269,78272,78325,78327,78352,78357,78359,78390,78393,78408,78410,78471,78473,78498,78502,78507,78560,78562,78587,78592,78653,78655,78680,78683,78689,78693,78696,78757,78759,78792,78795,78856,78858,78891,78896,78969,78971,79003,79010,79015,79020,79022,79034,79037,79115,79117,79158,79161,79235,79237,79270,79275,79282,79289,79293,79302,79306,79314,79316,79383,79385,79421,79426,79436,79438,79443,79448,79450,79513,79515,79539,79546,79551,79555,79558,79598,79603,79609,79614,79616,79642,79647,79650,79697,79699,79756,79763,79768,79774,79843,79847,79850,79913,79915,79948,79953,79955,79958,80039,80041,80065,80071,80073,80078,80082,80089,80097,80101,80103,80126,80130,80132,80159,80162,80169,80172,80174,80194],[10,78175,54670,78177,11651],{"id":78176},"python-list-sort-method",[15,78178,449],{},[24,78180,78181,78183],{},[15,78182,21],{}," is the built-in list method for sorting items in a list.",[24,78185,78186,78187,78189],{},"Use this page as a quick reference for what ",[15,78188,449],{}," does, how its main arguments work, and the beginner mistakes to avoid.",[80,78191,2361],{"id":2360},[85,78193,78195],{"className":87,"code":78194,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(numbers)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,78196,78197,78217,78227],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,78198,78199,78201,78203,78205,78207,78209,78211,78213,78215],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,78200,101],{"class":100},[94,78202,105],{"class":104},[94,78204,109],{"class":108},[94,78206,113],{"class":112},[94,78208,116],{"class":108},[94,78210,119],{"class":112},[94,78212,116],{"class":108},[94,78214,124],{"class":112},[94,78216,127],{"class":108},[94,78218,78219,78221,78223,78225],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,78220,153],{"class":100},[94,78222,168],{"class":108},[94,78224,171],{"class":152},[94,78226,511],{"class":108},[94,78228,78229,78231,78233,78235,78237],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,78230,326],{"class":145},[94,78232,149],{"class":108},[94,78234,153],{"class":152},[94,78236,156],{"class":108},[94,78238,55260],{"class":159},[24,78240,54,78241,78243,78244,168],{},[15,78242,21],{}," to sort a list in place. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,78245,77],{},[80,78247,215,78248,218],{"id":442},[15,78249,21],{},[24,78251,78252,384],{},[15,78253,21],{},[28,78255,78256,78259,78262,78266],{},[31,78257,78258],{},"Sorts the items of a list in place",[31,78260,78261],{},"Changes the original list",[31,78263,11753,78264],{},[15,78265,77],{},[31,78267,78268],{},"Works for numbers and strings when items can be compared",[24,78270,78271],{},"This means the list itself is updated after you call the method.",[85,78273,78275],{"className":87,"code":78274,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78276,78277,78301,78311,78315],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,78278,78279,78281,78283,78285,78287,78289,78291,78293,78295,78297,78299],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,78280,101],{"class":100},[94,78282,105],{"class":104},[94,78284,109],{"class":108},[94,78286,615],{"class":112},[94,78288,116],{"class":108},[94,78290,124],{"class":112},[94,78292,116],{"class":108},[94,78294,54464],{"class":112},[94,78296,116],{"class":108},[94,78298,119],{"class":112},[94,78300,127],{"class":108},[94,78302,78303,78305,78307,78309],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,78304,153],{"class":100},[94,78306,168],{"class":108},[94,78308,171],{"class":152},[94,78310,511],{"class":108},[94,78312,78313],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,78314,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,78316,78317,78319,78321,78323],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,78318,326],{"class":145},[94,78320,149],{"class":108},[94,78322,153],{"class":152},[94,78324,316],{"class":108},[24,78326,371],{},[85,78328,78330],{"className":87,"code":78329,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"[1, 2, 5, 9]\n",[15,78331,78332],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,78333,78334,78336,78338,78340,78342,78344,78346,78348,78350],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,78335,539],{"class":108},[94,78337,412],{"class":112},[94,78339,116],{"class":108},[94,78341,124],{"class":112},[94,78343,116],{"class":108},[94,78345,772],{"class":112},[94,78347,116],{"class":108},[94,78349,54464],{"class":112},[94,78351,127],{"class":108},[24,78353,78354,78355,168],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, see the ",[434,78356,67401],{"href":985},[80,78358,2514],{"id":2513},[85,78360,78362],{"className":87,"code":78361,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"my_list.sort(key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,78363,78364],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,78365,78366,78368,78370,78372,78374,78376,78378,78380,78382,78384,78386,78388],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,78367,594],{"class":100},[94,78369,168],{"class":108},[94,78371,171],{"class":152},[94,78373,149],{"class":108},[94,78375,1142],{"class":1218},[94,78377,105],{"class":104},[94,78379,77],{"class":1224},[94,78381,116],{"class":108},[94,78383,1219],{"class":1218},[94,78385,105],{"class":104},[94,78387,4020],{"class":1224},[94,78389,316],{"class":108},[24,78391,78392],{},"Main arguments:",[28,78394,78395,78400,78405],{},[31,78396,78397,78399],{},[15,78398,1142],{}," lets you sort by a custom rule",[31,78401,78402,78404],{},[15,78403,1158],{}," sorts in descending order",[31,78406,78407],{},"If no arguments are given, sorting is ascending",[24,78409,2566],{},[85,78411,78413],{"className":87,"code":78412,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [4, 1, 7, 2]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78414,78415,78439,78457,78461],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,78416,78417,78419,78421,78423,78425,78427,78429,78431,78433,78435,78437],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,78418,101],{"class":100},[94,78420,105],{"class":104},[94,78422,109],{"class":108},[94,78424,857],{"class":112},[94,78426,116],{"class":108},[94,78428,119],{"class":112},[94,78430,116],{"class":108},[94,78432,6325],{"class":112},[94,78434,116],{"class":108},[94,78436,124],{"class":112},[94,78438,127],{"class":108},[94,78440,78441,78443,78445,78447,78449,78451,78453,78455],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,78442,153],{"class":100},[94,78444,168],{"class":108},[94,78446,171],{"class":152},[94,78448,149],{"class":108},[94,78450,1138],{"class":1218},[94,78452,105],{"class":104},[94,78454,1225],{"class":1224},[94,78456,316],{"class":108},[94,78458,78459],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,78460,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,78462,78463,78465,78467,78469],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,78464,326],{"class":145},[94,78466,149],{"class":108},[94,78468,153],{"class":152},[94,78470,316],{"class":108},[24,78472,371],{},[85,78474,78476],{"className":87,"code":78475,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"[7, 4, 2, 1]\n",[15,78477,78478],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,78479,78480,78482,78484,78486,78488,78490,78492,78494,78496],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,78481,539],{"class":108},[94,78483,2383],{"class":112},[94,78485,116],{"class":108},[94,78487,624],{"class":112},[94,78489,116],{"class":108},[94,78491,124],{"class":112},[94,78493,116],{"class":108},[94,78495,119],{"class":112},[94,78497,127],{"class":108},[80,78499,78501],{"id":78500},"sort-numbers","Sort numbers",[24,78503,54,78504,78506],{},[15,78505,449],{}," when you want to sort numbers in ascending order.",[85,78508,78510],{"className":87,"code":78509,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78511,78512,78536,78546,78550],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,78513,78514,78516,78518,78520,78522,78524,78526,78528,78530,78532,78534],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,78515,101],{"class":100},[94,78517,105],{"class":104},[94,78519,109],{"class":108},[94,78521,2688],{"class":112},[94,78523,116],{"class":108},[94,78525,421],{"class":112},[94,78527,116],{"class":108},[94,78529,6692],{"class":112},[94,78531,116],{"class":108},[94,78533,119],{"class":112},[94,78535,127],{"class":108},[94,78537,78538,78540,78542,78544],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,78539,153],{"class":100},[94,78541,168],{"class":108},[94,78543,171],{"class":152},[94,78545,511],{"class":108},[94,78547,78548],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,78549,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,78551,78552,78554,78556,78558],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,78553,326],{"class":145},[94,78555,149],{"class":108},[94,78557,153],{"class":152},[94,78559,316],{"class":108},[24,78561,371],{},[85,78563,78565],{"className":87,"code":78564,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"[1, 3, 8, 10]\n",[15,78566,78567],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,78568,78569,78571,78573,78575,78577,78579,78581,78583,78585],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,78570,539],{"class":108},[94,78572,412],{"class":112},[94,78574,116],{"class":108},[94,78576,421],{"class":112},[94,78578,116],{"class":108},[94,78580,6692],{"class":112},[94,78582,116],{"class":108},[94,78584,6336],{"class":112},[94,78586,127],{"class":108},[24,78588,54,78589,78591],{},[15,78590,1158],{}," for descending order:",[85,78593,78595],{"className":87,"code":78594,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78596,78597,78621,78639,78643],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,78598,78599,78601,78603,78605,78607,78609,78611,78613,78615,78617,78619],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,78600,101],{"class":100},[94,78602,105],{"class":104},[94,78604,109],{"class":108},[94,78606,2688],{"class":112},[94,78608,116],{"class":108},[94,78610,421],{"class":112},[94,78612,116],{"class":108},[94,78614,6692],{"class":112},[94,78616,116],{"class":108},[94,78618,119],{"class":112},[94,78620,127],{"class":108},[94,78622,78623,78625,78627,78629,78631,78633,78635,78637],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,78624,153],{"class":100},[94,78626,168],{"class":108},[94,78628,171],{"class":152},[94,78630,149],{"class":108},[94,78632,1138],{"class":1218},[94,78634,105],{"class":104},[94,78636,1225],{"class":1224},[94,78638,316],{"class":108},[94,78640,78641],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,78642,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,78644,78645,78647,78649,78651],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,78646,326],{"class":145},[94,78648,149],{"class":108},[94,78650,153],{"class":152},[94,78652,316],{"class":108},[24,78654,371],{},[85,78656,78658],{"className":87,"code":78657,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"[10, 8, 3, 1]\n",[15,78659,78660],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,78661,78662,78664,78666,78668,78670,78672,78674,78676,78678],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,78663,539],{"class":108},[94,78665,2688],{"class":112},[94,78667,116],{"class":108},[94,78669,6692],{"class":112},[94,78671,116],{"class":108},[94,78673,421],{"class":112},[94,78675,116],{"class":108},[94,78677,119],{"class":112},[94,78679,127],{"class":108},[24,78681,78682],{},"The important thing to remember is that the original list is updated after the method call.",[24,78684,78685,78686,168],{},"For a task-focused guide, read ",[434,78687,78688],{"href":1131},"how to sort a list in Python",[80,78690,78692],{"id":78691},"sort-strings","Sort strings",[24,78694,78695],{},"Strings are sorted alphabetically by default.",[85,78697,78699],{"className":87,"code":78698,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78700,78701,78733,78743,78747],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,78702,78703,78705,78707,78709,78711,78713,78715,78717,78719,78721,78723,78725,78727,78729,78731],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,78704,1314],{"class":100},[94,78706,105],{"class":104},[94,78708,109],{"class":108},[94,78710,332],{"class":331},[94,78712,4432],{"class":335},[94,78714,332],{"class":331},[94,78716,116],{"class":108},[94,78718,1040],{"class":331},[94,78720,1332],{"class":335},[94,78722,332],{"class":331},[94,78724,116],{"class":108},[94,78726,1040],{"class":331},[94,78728,4441],{"class":335},[94,78730,332],{"class":331},[94,78732,127],{"class":108},[94,78734,78735,78737,78739,78741],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,78736,1362],{"class":100},[94,78738,168],{"class":108},[94,78740,171],{"class":152},[94,78742,511],{"class":108},[94,78744,78745],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,78746,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,78748,78749,78751,78753,78755],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,78750,326],{"class":145},[94,78752,149],{"class":108},[94,78754,1362],{"class":152},[94,78756,316],{"class":108},[24,78758,371],{},[85,78760,78762],{"className":87,"code":78761,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,78763,78764],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,78765,78766,78768,78770,78772,78774,78776,78778,78780,78782,78784,78786,78788,78790],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,78767,539],{"class":108},[94,78769,968],{"class":331},[94,78771,1332],{"class":335},[94,78773,968],{"class":331},[94,78775,116],{"class":108},[94,78777,962],{"class":331},[94,78779,4432],{"class":335},[94,78781,968],{"class":331},[94,78783,116],{"class":108},[94,78785,962],{"class":331},[94,78787,4441],{"class":335},[94,78789,968],{"class":331},[94,78791,127],{"class":108},[24,78793,78794],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters affect the result:",[85,78796,78798],{"className":87,"code":78797,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78799,78800,78832,78842,78846],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,78801,78802,78804,78806,78808,78810,78812,78814,78816,78818,78820,78822,78824,78826,78828,78830],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,78803,1314],{"class":100},[94,78805,105],{"class":104},[94,78807,109],{"class":108},[94,78809,332],{"class":331},[94,78811,4432],{"class":335},[94,78813,332],{"class":331},[94,78815,116],{"class":108},[94,78817,1040],{"class":331},[94,78819,58092],{"class":335},[94,78821,332],{"class":331},[94,78823,116],{"class":108},[94,78825,1040],{"class":331},[94,78827,4441],{"class":335},[94,78829,332],{"class":331},[94,78831,127],{"class":108},[94,78833,78834,78836,78838,78840],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,78835,1362],{"class":100},[94,78837,168],{"class":108},[94,78839,171],{"class":152},[94,78841,511],{"class":108},[94,78843,78844],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,78845,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,78847,78848,78850,78852,78854],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,78849,326],{"class":145},[94,78851,149],{"class":108},[94,78853,1362],{"class":152},[94,78855,316],{"class":108},[24,78857,371],{},[85,78859,78861],{"className":87,"code":78860,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"['Apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,78862,78863],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,78864,78865,78867,78869,78871,78873,78875,78877,78879,78881,78883,78885,78887,78889],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,78866,539],{"class":108},[94,78868,968],{"class":331},[94,78870,58092],{"class":335},[94,78872,968],{"class":331},[94,78874,116],{"class":108},[94,78876,962],{"class":331},[94,78878,4432],{"class":335},[94,78880,968],{"class":331},[94,78882,116],{"class":108},[94,78884,962],{"class":331},[94,78886,4441],{"class":335},[94,78888,968],{"class":331},[94,78890,127],{"class":108},[24,78892,78893,78894,384],{},"If you want case-insensitive sorting, use ",[15,78895,1487],{},[85,78897,78899],{"className":87,"code":78898,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78900,78901,78933,78955,78959],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,78902,78903,78905,78907,78909,78911,78913,78915,78917,78919,78921,78923,78925,78927,78929,78931],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,78904,1314],{"class":100},[94,78906,105],{"class":104},[94,78908,109],{"class":108},[94,78910,332],{"class":331},[94,78912,4432],{"class":335},[94,78914,332],{"class":331},[94,78916,116],{"class":108},[94,78918,1040],{"class":331},[94,78920,58092],{"class":335},[94,78922,332],{"class":331},[94,78924,116],{"class":108},[94,78926,1040],{"class":331},[94,78928,4441],{"class":335},[94,78930,332],{"class":331},[94,78932,127],{"class":108},[94,78934,78935,78937,78939,78941,78943,78945,78947,78949,78951,78953],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,78936,1362],{"class":100},[94,78938,168],{"class":108},[94,78940,171],{"class":152},[94,78942,149],{"class":108},[94,78944,1142],{"class":1218},[94,78946,105],{"class":104},[94,78948,1372],{"class":913},[94,78950,168],{"class":108},[94,78952,1378],{"class":1377},[94,78954,316],{"class":108},[94,78956,78957],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,78958,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,78960,78961,78963,78965,78967],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,78962,326],{"class":145},[94,78964,149],{"class":108},[94,78966,1362],{"class":152},[94,78968,316],{"class":108},[24,78970,371],{},[85,78972,78973],{"className":87,"code":78860,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,78974,78975],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,78976,78977,78979,78981,78983,78985,78987,78989,78991,78993,78995,78997,78999,79001],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,78978,539],{"class":108},[94,78980,968],{"class":331},[94,78982,58092],{"class":335},[94,78984,968],{"class":331},[94,78986,116],{"class":108},[94,78988,962],{"class":331},[94,78990,4432],{"class":335},[94,78992,968],{"class":331},[94,78994,116],{"class":108},[94,78996,962],{"class":331},[94,78998,4441],{"class":335},[94,79000,968],{"class":331},[94,79002,127],{"class":108},[24,79004,79005,79006,79009],{},"The original spelling stays the same. Python only uses ",[15,79007,79008],{},"str.lower"," as the sorting rule.",[80,79011,36941,79013,36944],{"id":79012},"using-the-key-argument",[15,79014,1142],{},[24,79016,2336,79017,79019],{},[15,79018,1142],{}," argument changes how each item is compared.",[24,79021,7676],{},[28,79023,79024,79029],{},[31,79025,79026,79028],{},[15,79027,11490],{}," to sort by length",[31,79030,79031,79033],{},[15,79032,79008],{}," to sort strings without case problems",[24,79035,79036],{},"Sort words by length:",[85,79038,79040],{"className":87,"code":79039,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"words = [\"pear\", \"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79041,79042,79083,79101,79105],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,79043,79044,79046,79048,79050,79052,79055,79057,79059,79061,79063,79065,79067,79069,79071,79073,79075,79077,79079,79081],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,79045,1314],{"class":100},[94,79047,105],{"class":104},[94,79049,109],{"class":108},[94,79051,332],{"class":331},[94,79053,79054],{"class":335},"pear",[94,79056,332],{"class":331},[94,79058,116],{"class":108},[94,79060,1040],{"class":331},[94,79062,4432],{"class":335},[94,79064,332],{"class":331},[94,79066,116],{"class":108},[94,79068,1040],{"class":331},[94,79070,38688],{"class":335},[94,79072,332],{"class":331},[94,79074,116],{"class":108},[94,79076,1040],{"class":331},[94,79078,1332],{"class":335},[94,79080,332],{"class":331},[94,79082,127],{"class":108},[94,79084,79085,79087,79089,79091,79093,79095,79097,79099],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,79086,1362],{"class":100},[94,79088,168],{"class":108},[94,79090,171],{"class":152},[94,79092,149],{"class":108},[94,79094,1142],{"class":1218},[94,79096,105],{"class":104},[94,79098,11490],{"class":145},[94,79100,316],{"class":108},[94,79102,79103],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,79104,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,79106,79107,79109,79111,79113],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,79108,326],{"class":145},[94,79110,149],{"class":108},[94,79112,1362],{"class":152},[94,79114,316],{"class":108},[24,79116,371],{},[85,79118,79120],{"className":87,"code":79119,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"['fig', 'pear', 'apple', 'banana']\n",[15,79121,79122],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,79123,79124,79126,79128,79130,79132,79134,79136,79138,79140,79142,79144,79146,79148,79150,79152,79154,79156],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,79125,539],{"class":108},[94,79127,968],{"class":331},[94,79129,38688],{"class":335},[94,79131,968],{"class":331},[94,79133,116],{"class":108},[94,79135,962],{"class":331},[94,79137,79054],{"class":335},[94,79139,968],{"class":331},[94,79141,116],{"class":108},[94,79143,962],{"class":331},[94,79145,1332],{"class":335},[94,79147,968],{"class":331},[94,79149,116],{"class":108},[94,79151,962],{"class":331},[94,79153,4432],{"class":335},[94,79155,968],{"class":331},[94,79157,127],{"class":108},[24,79159,79160],{},"Sort strings without case sensitivity:",[85,79162,79164],{"className":87,"code":79163,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"words = [\"Bob\", \"alice\", \"Carol\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79165,79166,79199,79221,79225],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,79167,79168,79170,79172,79174,79176,79178,79180,79182,79184,79186,79188,79190,79192,79195,79197],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,79169,1314],{"class":100},[94,79171,105],{"class":104},[94,79173,109],{"class":108},[94,79175,332],{"class":331},[94,79177,1052],{"class":335},[94,79179,332],{"class":331},[94,79181,116],{"class":108},[94,79183,1040],{"class":331},[94,79185,18133],{"class":335},[94,79187,332],{"class":331},[94,79189,116],{"class":108},[94,79191,1040],{"class":331},[94,79193,79194],{"class":335},"Carol",[94,79196,332],{"class":331},[94,79198,127],{"class":108},[94,79200,79201,79203,79205,79207,79209,79211,79213,79215,79217,79219],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,79202,1362],{"class":100},[94,79204,168],{"class":108},[94,79206,171],{"class":152},[94,79208,149],{"class":108},[94,79210,1142],{"class":1218},[94,79212,105],{"class":104},[94,79214,1372],{"class":913},[94,79216,168],{"class":108},[94,79218,1378],{"class":1377},[94,79220,316],{"class":108},[94,79222,79223],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,79224,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,79226,79227,79229,79231,79233],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,79228,326],{"class":145},[94,79230,149],{"class":108},[94,79232,1362],{"class":152},[94,79234,316],{"class":108},[24,79236,371],{},[85,79238,79240],{"className":87,"code":79239,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"['alice', 'Bob', 'Carol']\n",[15,79241,79242],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,79243,79244,79246,79248,79250,79252,79254,79256,79258,79260,79262,79264,79266,79268],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,79245,539],{"class":108},[94,79247,968],{"class":331},[94,79249,18133],{"class":335},[94,79251,968],{"class":331},[94,79253,116],{"class":108},[94,79255,962],{"class":331},[94,79257,1052],{"class":335},[94,79259,968],{"class":331},[94,79261,116],{"class":108},[94,79263,962],{"class":331},[94,79265,79194],{"class":335},[94,79267,968],{"class":331},[94,79269,127],{"class":108},[24,79271,2336,79272,79274],{},[15,79273,1142],{}," argument is especially useful when the default alphabetical or numeric order is not what you want.",[80,79276,79278,18,79280],{"id":79277},"listsort-vs-sorted",[15,79279,21],{},[15,79281,17],{},[24,79283,79284,1139,79286,79288],{},[15,79285,21],{},[15,79287,17],{}," both sort data, but they work differently.",[24,79290,79291,384],{},[15,79292,21],{},[28,79294,79295,79298],{},[31,79296,79297],{},"Changes the existing list",[31,79299,11753,79300],{},[15,79301,77],{},[24,79303,79304,384],{},[15,79305,17],{},[28,79307,79308,79311],{},[31,79309,79310],{},"Returns a new sorted list",[31,79312,79313],{},"Leaves the original unchanged",[24,79315,2566],{},[85,79317,79319],{"className":87,"code":79318,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(new_list)\n",[15,79320,79321,79341,79345,79359,79363,79373],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,79322,79323,79325,79327,79329,79331,79333,79335,79337,79339],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,79324,101],{"class":100},[94,79326,105],{"class":104},[94,79328,109],{"class":108},[94,79330,113],{"class":112},[94,79332,116],{"class":108},[94,79334,119],{"class":112},[94,79336,116],{"class":108},[94,79338,124],{"class":112},[94,79340,127],{"class":108},[94,79342,79343],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,79344,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,79346,79347,79349,79351,79353,79355,79357],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,79348,140],{"class":100},[94,79350,105],{"class":104},[94,79352,146],{"class":145},[94,79354,149],{"class":108},[94,79356,153],{"class":152},[94,79358,316],{"class":108},[94,79360,79361],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,79362,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,79364,79365,79367,79369,79371],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,79366,326],{"class":145},[94,79368,149],{"class":108},[94,79370,153],{"class":152},[94,79372,316],{"class":108},[94,79374,79375,79377,79379,79381],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,79376,326],{"class":145},[94,79378,149],{"class":108},[94,79380,74603],{"class":152},[94,79382,316],{"class":108},[24,79384,371],{},[85,79386,79387],{"className":87,"code":74910,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,79388,79389,79405],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,79390,79391,79393,79395,79397,79399,79401,79403],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,79392,539],{"class":108},[94,79394,113],{"class":112},[94,79396,116],{"class":108},[94,79398,119],{"class":112},[94,79400,116],{"class":108},[94,79402,124],{"class":112},[94,79404,127],{"class":108},[94,79406,79407,79409,79411,79413,79415,79417,79419],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,79408,539],{"class":108},[94,79410,412],{"class":112},[94,79412,116],{"class":108},[94,79414,124],{"class":112},[94,79416,116],{"class":108},[94,79418,421],{"class":112},[94,79420,127],{"class":108},[24,79422,54,79423,79425],{},[15,79424,17],{}," when you want to keep the original list unchanged.",[24,79427,79428,79429,1139,79433,168],{},"You can learn more in ",[434,79430,13,79431,6114],{"href":436},[15,79432,17],{},[434,79434,79435],{"href":2321},"sorted() vs list.sort() explained",[80,79437,3186],{"id":3185},[24,79439,79440,79441,168],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,79442,21],{},[265,79444,12920,79446],{"id":79445},"assigning-the-result-of-sort",[15,79447,449],{},[24,79449,26022],{},[85,79451,79453],{"className":87,"code":79452,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,79454,79455,79475,79489,79493,79503],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,79456,79457,79459,79461,79463,79465,79467,79469,79471,79473],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,79458,101],{"class":100},[94,79460,105],{"class":104},[94,79462,109],{"class":108},[94,79464,113],{"class":112},[94,79466,116],{"class":108},[94,79468,119],{"class":112},[94,79470,116],{"class":108},[94,79472,124],{"class":112},[94,79474,127],{"class":108},[94,79476,79477,79479,79481,79483,79485,79487],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,79478,305],{"class":100},[94,79480,105],{"class":104},[94,79482,343],{"class":100},[94,79484,168],{"class":108},[94,79486,171],{"class":152},[94,79488,511],{"class":108},[94,79490,79491],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,79492,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,79494,79495,79497,79499,79501],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,79496,326],{"class":145},[94,79498,149],{"class":108},[94,79500,902],{"class":152},[94,79502,316],{"class":108},[94,79504,79505,79507,79509,79511],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,79506,326],{"class":145},[94,79508,149],{"class":108},[94,79510,153],{"class":152},[94,79512,316],{"class":108},[24,79514,371],{},[85,79516,79517],{"className":87,"code":1586,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,79518,79519,79523],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,79520,79521],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,79522,1593],{"class":1224},[94,79524,79525,79527,79529,79531,79533,79535,79537],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,79526,539],{"class":108},[94,79528,412],{"class":112},[94,79530,116],{"class":108},[94,79532,124],{"class":112},[94,79534,116],{"class":108},[94,79536,421],{"class":112},[94,79538,127],{"class":108},[24,79540,79541,79543,79544,168],{},[15,79542,449],{}," does not return the sorted list. It returns ",[15,79545,77],{},[24,79547,79548,79549,6963],{},"If you want a new list, use ",[15,79550,17],{},[265,79552,79554],{"id":79553},"sorting-mixed-types","Sorting mixed types",[24,79556,79557],{},"Python cannot always compare different types directly.",[85,79559,79561],{"className":87,"code":79560,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"items = [1, \"two\", 3]\nitems.sort()\n",[15,79562,79563,79588],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,79564,79565,79567,79569,79571,79573,79575,79577,79580,79582,79584,79586],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,79566,8113],{"class":100},[94,79568,105],{"class":104},[94,79570,109],{"class":108},[94,79572,412],{"class":112},[94,79574,116],{"class":108},[94,79576,1040],{"class":331},[94,79578,79579],{"class":335},"two",[94,79581,332],{"class":331},[94,79583,116],{"class":108},[94,79585,421],{"class":112},[94,79587,127],{"class":108},[94,79589,79590,79592,79594,79596],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,79591,8144],{"class":100},[94,79593,168],{"class":108},[94,79595,171],{"class":152},[94,79597,511],{"class":108},[24,79599,3358,79600,79602],{},[15,79601,3361],{}," because Python cannot sort integers and strings together by default.",[265,79604,5047,79606,79608],{"id":79605},"forgetting-that-sort-only-works-on-lists",[15,79607,449],{}," only works on lists",[24,79610,79611,79613],{},[15,79612,449],{}," is a list method. It does not work directly on tuples or strings.",[24,79615,16972],{},[85,79617,79618],{"className":87,"code":1796,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,79619,79620,79632],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,79621,79622,79624,79626,79628,79630],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,79623,1803],{"class":100},[94,79625,105],{"class":104},[94,79627,1040],{"class":331},[94,79629,89],{"class":335},[94,79631,1812],{"class":331},[94,79633,79634,79636,79638,79640],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,79635,1817],{"class":100},[94,79637,168],{"class":108},[94,79639,171],{"class":152},[94,79641,511],{"class":108},[24,79643,79644,79645,1829],{},"Strings do not have a ",[15,79646,449],{},[24,79648,79649],{},"If needed, convert the data first:",[85,79651,79653],{"className":87,"code":79652,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"letters = list(\"python\")\nletters.sort()\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,79654,79655,79673,79683,79687],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,79656,79657,79659,79661,79663,79665,79667,79669,79671],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,79658,36418],{"class":100},[94,79660,105],{"class":104},[94,79662,22891],{"class":913},[94,79664,149],{"class":108},[94,79666,332],{"class":331},[94,79668,89],{"class":335},[94,79670,332],{"class":331},[94,79672,316],{"class":108},[94,79674,79675,79677,79679,79681],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,79676,36471],{"class":100},[94,79678,168],{"class":108},[94,79680,171],{"class":152},[94,79682,511],{"class":108},[94,79684,79685],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,79686,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,79688,79689,79691,79693,79695],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,79690,326],{"class":145},[94,79692,149],{"class":108},[94,79694,36471],{"class":152},[94,79696,316],{"class":108},[24,79698,371],{},[85,79700,79702],{"className":87,"code":79701,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"['h', 'n', 'o', 'p', 't', 'y']\n",[15,79703,79704],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,79705,79706,79708,79710,79712,79714,79716,79718,79720,79722,79724,79726,79728,79730,79732,79734,79736,79738,79740,79742,79744,79746,79748,79750,79752,79754],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,79707,539],{"class":108},[94,79709,968],{"class":331},[94,79711,60763],{"class":335},[94,79713,968],{"class":331},[94,79715,116],{"class":108},[94,79717,962],{"class":331},[94,79719,76346],{"class":335},[94,79721,968],{"class":331},[94,79723,116],{"class":108},[94,79725,962],{"class":331},[94,79727,60798],{"class":335},[94,79729,968],{"class":331},[94,79731,116],{"class":108},[94,79733,962],{"class":331},[94,79735,24],{"class":335},[94,79737,968],{"class":331},[94,79739,116],{"class":108},[94,79741,962],{"class":331},[94,79743,63611],{"class":335},[94,79745,968],{"class":331},[94,79747,116],{"class":108},[94,79749,962],{"class":331},[94,79751,12075],{"class":335},[94,79753,968],{"class":331},[94,79755,127],{"class":108},[265,79757,79759,79760,79762],{"id":79758},"not-using-key-when-custom-sorting-is-needed","Not using ",[15,79761,1142],{}," when custom sorting is needed",[24,79764,79765,79766,168],{},"If the default order is not correct for your problem, you may need ",[15,79767,1142],{},[24,79769,79770,79771,79773],{},"For example, if you want to sort words by length, plain ",[15,79772,449],{}," will not do that:",[85,79775,79777],{"className":87,"code":79776,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"words = [\"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79778,79779,79811,79829,79833],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,79780,79781,79783,79785,79787,79789,79791,79793,79795,79797,79799,79801,79803,79805,79807,79809],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,79782,1314],{"class":100},[94,79784,105],{"class":104},[94,79786,109],{"class":108},[94,79788,332],{"class":331},[94,79790,4432],{"class":335},[94,79792,332],{"class":331},[94,79794,116],{"class":108},[94,79796,1040],{"class":331},[94,79798,38688],{"class":335},[94,79800,332],{"class":331},[94,79802,116],{"class":108},[94,79804,1040],{"class":331},[94,79806,1332],{"class":335},[94,79808,332],{"class":331},[94,79810,127],{"class":108},[94,79812,79813,79815,79817,79819,79821,79823,79825,79827],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,79814,1362],{"class":100},[94,79816,168],{"class":108},[94,79818,171],{"class":152},[94,79820,149],{"class":108},[94,79822,1142],{"class":1218},[94,79824,105],{"class":104},[94,79826,11490],{"class":145},[94,79828,316],{"class":108},[94,79830,79831],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,79832,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,79834,79835,79837,79839,79841],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,79836,326],{"class":145},[94,79838,149],{"class":108},[94,79840,1362],{"class":152},[94,79842,316],{"class":108},[265,79844,79846],{"id":79845},"unexpected-string-order-because-of-uppercase-letters","Unexpected string order because of uppercase letters",[24,79848,79849],{},"This often surprises beginners:",[85,79851,79853],{"className":87,"code":79852,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79854,79855,79889,79899,79903],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,79856,79857,79859,79861,79863,79865,79868,79870,79872,79874,79876,79878,79880,79882,79885,79887],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,79858,1314],{"class":100},[94,79860,105],{"class":104},[94,79862,109],{"class":108},[94,79864,332],{"class":331},[94,79866,79867],{"class":335},"zebra",[94,79869,332],{"class":331},[94,79871,116],{"class":108},[94,79873,1040],{"class":331},[94,79875,58092],{"class":335},[94,79877,332],{"class":331},[94,79879,116],{"class":108},[94,79881,1040],{"class":331},[94,79883,79884],{"class":335},"monkey",[94,79886,332],{"class":331},[94,79888,127],{"class":108},[94,79890,79891,79893,79895,79897],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,79892,1362],{"class":100},[94,79894,168],{"class":108},[94,79896,171],{"class":152},[94,79898,511],{"class":108},[94,79900,79901],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,79902,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,79904,79905,79907,79909,79911],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,79906,326],{"class":145},[94,79908,149],{"class":108},[94,79910,1362],{"class":152},[94,79912,316],{"class":108},[24,79914,371],{},[85,79916,79918],{"className":87,"code":79917,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"['Apple', 'monkey', 'zebra']\n",[15,79919,79920],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,79921,79922,79924,79926,79928,79930,79932,79934,79936,79938,79940,79942,79944,79946],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,79923,539],{"class":108},[94,79925,968],{"class":331},[94,79927,58092],{"class":335},[94,79929,968],{"class":331},[94,79931,116],{"class":108},[94,79933,962],{"class":331},[94,79935,79884],{"class":335},[94,79937,968],{"class":331},[94,79939,116],{"class":108},[94,79941,962],{"class":331},[94,79943,79867],{"class":335},[94,79945,968],{"class":331},[94,79947,127],{"class":108},[24,79949,54,79950,79952],{},[15,79951,1487],{}," if you want case-insensitive sorting.",[265,79954,61035],{"id":61034},[24,79956,79957],{},"If sorting is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[85,79959,79961],{"className":87,"code":79960,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.sort())\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nprint([type(item) for item in my_list])\n",[15,79962,79963,79973,79987,80001,80015],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,79964,79965,79967,79969,79971],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,79966,326],{"class":145},[94,79968,149],{"class":108},[94,79970,594],{"class":152},[94,79972,316],{"class":108},[94,79974,79975,79977,79979,79981,79983,79985],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,79976,326],{"class":145},[94,79978,149],{"class":108},[94,79980,914],{"class":913},[94,79982,149],{"class":108},[94,79984,594],{"class":152},[94,79986,921],{"class":108},[94,79988,79989,79991,79993,79995,79997,79999],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,79990,326],{"class":145},[94,79992,149],{"class":108},[94,79994,594],{"class":152},[94,79996,168],{"class":108},[94,79998,171],{"class":152},[94,80000,7527],{"class":108},[94,80002,80003,80005,80007,80009,80011,80013],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,80004,326],{"class":145},[94,80006,149],{"class":108},[94,80008,403],{"class":145},[94,80010,149],{"class":108},[94,80012,594],{"class":152},[94,80014,921],{"class":108},[94,80016,80017,80019,80021,80023,80025,80027,80029,80031,80033,80035,80037],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,80018,326],{"class":145},[94,80020,3342],{"class":108},[94,80022,914],{"class":913},[94,80024,149],{"class":108},[94,80026,23642],{"class":152},[94,80028,156],{"class":108},[94,80030,4222],{"class":4221},[94,80032,6292],{"class":152},[94,80034,4228],{"class":4221},[94,80036,2043],{"class":152},[94,80038,4234],{"class":108},[24,80040,11499],{},[28,80042,80043,80046,80049,80056,80062],{},[31,80044,80045],{},"What values are in the list",[31,80047,80048],{},"Whether the object is really a list",[31,80050,80051,80052,74,80054],{},"That ",[15,80053,449],{},[15,80055,77],{},[31,80057,80058,80059,80061],{},"Whether ",[15,80060,17],{}," works better for your case",[31,80063,80064],{},"Whether the list contains mixed data types",[24,80066,80067,80068,80070],{},"If your problem is caused by incompatible values, see a guide for fixing sorting-related ",[15,80069,3361],{}," problems.",[80,80072,2160],{"id":2159},[265,80074,13029,80076,55796],{"id":80075},"does-listsort-return-a-new-list",[15,80077,21],{},[24,80079,62928,80080,168],{},[15,80081,77],{},[265,80083,5514,80085,1139,80087,2170],{"id":80084},"what-is-the-difference-between-sort-and-sorted",[15,80086,449],{},[15,80088,17],{},[24,80090,80091,80093,80094,80096],{},[15,80092,449],{}," changes the list itself. ",[15,80095,17],{}," creates and returns a new sorted list.",[265,80098,80100],{"id":80099},"how-do-i-sort-in-reverse-order","How do I sort in reverse order?",[24,80102,19025],{},[85,80104,80106],{"className":87,"code":80105,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"my_list.sort(reverse=True)\n",[15,80107,80108],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,80109,80110,80112,80114,80116,80118,80120,80122,80124],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,80111,594],{"class":100},[94,80113,168],{"class":108},[94,80115,171],{"class":152},[94,80117,149],{"class":108},[94,80119,1138],{"class":1218},[94,80121,105],{"class":104},[94,80123,1225],{"class":1224},[94,80125,316],{"class":108},[265,80127,80129],{"id":80128},"how-do-i-sort-strings-without-case-problems","How do I sort strings without case problems?",[24,80131,19025],{},[85,80133,80135],{"className":87,"code":80134,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"my_list.sort(key=str.lower)\n",[15,80136,80137],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,80138,80139,80141,80143,80145,80147,80149,80151,80153,80155,80157],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,80140,594],{"class":100},[94,80142,168],{"class":108},[94,80144,171],{"class":152},[94,80146,149],{"class":108},[94,80148,1142],{"class":1218},[94,80150,105],{"class":104},[94,80152,1372],{"class":913},[94,80154,168],{"class":108},[94,80156,1378],{"class":1377},[94,80158,316],{"class":108},[24,80160,80161],{},"This sorts in a case-insensitive way.",[265,80163,80165,80166,80168],{"id":80164},"why-do-i-get-a-typeerror-when-sorting","Why do I get a ",[15,80167,3361],{}," when sorting?",[24,80170,80171],{},"Your list may contain values that Python cannot compare directly, such as strings and integers together.",[80,80173,2232],{"id":2231},[28,80175,80176,80180,80186,80190],{},[31,80177,80178],{},[434,80179,1132],{"href":1131},[31,80181,80182],{},[434,80183,13,80184,6114],{"href":436},[15,80185,17],{},[31,80187,80188],{},[434,80189,67401],{"href":985},[31,80191,80192],{},[434,80193,79435],{"href":2321},[2260,80195,80196],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":90,"searchDepth":130,"depth":130,"links":80198},[80199,80200,80201,80202,80203,80204,80206,80208,80219,80229],{"id":2360,"depth":130,"text":2361},{"id":442,"depth":130,"text":2273},{"id":2513,"depth":130,"text":2514},{"id":78500,"depth":130,"text":78501},{"id":78691,"depth":130,"text":78692},{"id":79012,"depth":130,"text":80205},"Using the key argument",{"id":79277,"depth":130,"text":80207},"list.sort() vs sorted()",{"id":3185,"depth":130,"text":3186,"children":80209},[80210,80212,80213,80215,80217,80218],{"id":79445,"depth":137,"text":80211},"Assigning the result of sort()",{"id":79553,"depth":137,"text":79554},{"id":79605,"depth":137,"text":80214},"Forgetting that sort() only works on lists",{"id":79758,"depth":137,"text":80216},"Not using key when custom sorting is needed",{"id":79845,"depth":137,"text":79846},{"id":61034,"depth":137,"text":61035},{"id":2159,"depth":130,"text":2160,"children":80220},[80221,80223,80225,80226,80227],{"id":80075,"depth":137,"text":80222},"Does list.sort() return a new list?",{"id":80084,"depth":137,"text":80224},"What is the difference between sort() and sorted()?",{"id":80099,"depth":137,"text":80100},{"id":80128,"depth":137,"text":80129},{"id":80164,"depth":137,"text":80228},"Why do I get a TypeError when sorting?",{"id":2231,"depth":130,"text":2232},"Master python list sort method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method",{"title":78171,"description":80230},"reference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method","nuiIwWy1KS8_euTEqMoYpg2B6j3JT08NKrBSVKMUQzs",{"id":80237,"title":80238,"body":80239,"description":82869,"extension":2319,"meta":82870,"navigation":133,"path":82871,"seo":82872,"stem":82873,"__hash__":82874},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained.md","Python map() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":80240,"toc":82828},[80241,80246,80251,80254,80265,80268,80288,80290,80352,80354,80395,80404,80409,80414,80420,80431,80433,80452,80455,80460,80465,80467,80472,80486,80488,80506,80509,80526,80529,80535,80558,80563,80565,80568,80629,80631,80664,80666,80705,80713,80723,80729,80734,80827,80829,80853,80855,80873,80876,80907,80913,80918,80921,80923,81048,81050,81074,81076,81095,81101,81107,81226,81228,81245,81252,81258,81263,81270,81276,81278,81335,81338,81359,81362,81365,81426,81428,81461,81465,81534,81536,81553,81557,81560,81635,81637,81674,81677,81680,81751,81753,81814,81819,81824,81827,81841,81843,81916,81918,81938,81941,81944,82001,82063,82066,82098,82101,82116,82121,82123,82129,82132,82188,82191,82193,82212,82216,82218,82262,82271,82273,82333,82337,82340,82342,82435,82437,82552,82556,82558,82632,82635,82638,82640,82645,82710,82712,82736,82746,82748,82754,82763,82772,82781,82787,82790,82794,82797,82799,82825],[10,80242,13,80244,3930],{"id":80243},"python-map-function-explained",[15,80245,40047],{},[24,80247,3933,80248,80250],{},[15,80249,40047],{}," function applies the same function to each item in an iterable.",[24,80252,80253],{},"This is useful when you want to transform data, such as:",[28,80255,80256,80259,80262],{},[31,80257,80258],{},"converting numbers to strings",[31,80260,80261],{},"changing strings to integers",[31,80263,80264],{},"doubling every value in a list",[24,80266,80267],{},"The main thing beginners need to know is this:",[28,80269,80270,80277,80283],{},[31,80271,80272,14381,80274,80276],{},[15,80273,40047],{},[43,80275,45],{}," return a list in Python 3",[31,80278,80279,80280],{},"it returns a ",[43,80281,80282],{},"map object",[31,80284,80285,80286],{},"you often convert that result with ",[15,80287,25112],{},[80,80289,2361],{"id":2360},[85,80291,80293],{"className":87,"code":80292,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80294,80295,80319,80338],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,80296,80297,80299,80301,80303,80305,80307,80309,80311,80313,80315,80317],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,80298,101],{"class":100},[94,80300,105],{"class":104},[94,80302,109],{"class":108},[94,80304,412],{"class":112},[94,80306,116],{"class":108},[94,80308,124],{"class":112},[94,80310,116],{"class":108},[94,80312,421],{"class":112},[94,80314,116],{"class":108},[94,80316,624],{"class":112},[94,80318,127],{"class":108},[94,80320,80321,80323,80325,80328,80330,80332,80334,80336],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,80322,305],{"class":100},[94,80324,105],{"class":104},[94,80326,80327],{"class":145}," map",[94,80329,149],{"class":108},[94,80331,1372],{"class":913},[94,80333,116],{"class":108},[94,80335,343],{"class":152},[94,80337,316],{"class":108},[94,80339,80340,80342,80344,80346,80348,80350],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,80341,326],{"class":145},[94,80343,149],{"class":108},[94,80345,965],{"class":913},[94,80347,149],{"class":108},[94,80349,902],{"class":152},[94,80351,921],{"class":108},[24,80353,371],{},[85,80355,80357],{"className":87,"code":80356,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"['1', '2', '3', '4']\n",[15,80358,80359],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,80360,80361,80363,80365,80367,80369,80371,80373,80375,80377,80379,80381,80383,80385,80387,80389,80391,80393],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,80362,539],{"class":108},[94,80364,968],{"class":331},[94,80366,412],{"class":335},[94,80368,968],{"class":331},[94,80370,116],{"class":108},[94,80372,962],{"class":331},[94,80374,763],{"class":335},[94,80376,968],{"class":331},[94,80378,116],{"class":108},[94,80380,962],{"class":331},[94,80382,113],{"class":335},[94,80384,968],{"class":331},[94,80386,116],{"class":108},[94,80388,962],{"class":331},[94,80390,857],{"class":335},[94,80392,968],{"class":331},[94,80394,127],{"class":108},[24,80396,54,80397,80400,80401,80403],{},[15,80398,80399],{},"map(function, iterable)"," to apply the same function to each item. Convert the result to ",[15,80402,25112],{}," if you want to see all mapped values at once.",[80,80405,215,80407,218],{"id":80406},"what-map-does",[15,80408,40047],{},[24,80410,80411,80413],{},[15,80412,40047],{}," applies a function to each item in an iterable.",[24,80415,80416,80417,80419],{},"An ",[43,80418,4065],{}," is something you can loop over, such as:",[28,80421,80422,80424,80426,80428],{},[31,80423,38231],{},[31,80425,38234],{},[31,80427,38237],{},[31,80429,80430],{},"a range object",[24,80432,31056],{},[85,80434,80436],{"className":87,"code":80435,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"map(function, iterable)\n",[15,80437,80438],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,80439,80440,80442,80444,80446,80448,80450],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,80441,40190],{"class":145},[94,80443,149],{"class":108},[94,80445,38190],{"class":152},[94,80447,116],{"class":108},[94,80449,38195],{"class":152},[94,80451,316],{"class":108},[24,80453,80454],{},"For each item in the iterable, Python calls the function and produces a new value.",[24,80456,80457,80458,34072],{},"Important: the result is a ",[43,80459,80282],{},[24,80461,80462,80463,168],{},"If you want to understand iterables better, see ",[434,80464,1844],{"href":5473},[80,80466,2514],{"id":2513},[24,80468,80469,80471],{},[15,80470,40047],{}," needs at least two parts:",[28,80473,80474,80480],{},[31,80475,80476,80479],{},[43,80477,80478],{},"Function",": the function to run on each item",[31,80481,80482,80485],{},[43,80483,80484],{},"Iterable",": the values to process",[24,80487,4050],{},[85,80489,80490],{"className":87,"code":80435,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,80491,80492],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,80493,80494,80496,80498,80500,80502,80504],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,80495,40190],{"class":145},[94,80497,149],{"class":108},[94,80499,38190],{"class":152},[94,80501,116],{"class":108},[94,80503,38195],{"class":152},[94,80505,316],{"class":108},[24,80507,80508],{},"You can pass:",[28,80510,80511,80520,80523],{},[31,80512,80513,80514,2547,80516,2551,80518],{},"built-in functions like ",[15,80515,1372],{},[15,80517,2546],{},[15,80519,2375],{},[31,80521,80522],{},"your own custom function",[31,80524,80525],{},"a lambda function for short one-line logic",[24,80527,80528],{},"If you are new to lambda functions, see lambda functions in Python explained.",[24,80530,80531,80532,80534],{},"You will often see ",[15,80533,40047],{}," used like this:",[85,80536,80538],{"className":87,"code":80537,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"list(map(function, values))\n",[15,80539,80540],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,80541,80542,80544,80546,80548,80550,80552,80554,80556],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,80543,965],{"class":913},[94,80545,149],{"class":108},[94,80547,40190],{"class":145},[94,80549,149],{"class":108},[94,80551,38190],{"class":152},[94,80553,116],{"class":108},[94,80555,4231],{"class":152},[94,80557,921],{"class":108},[24,80559,7009,80560,80562],{},[15,80561,25112],{}," turns the map object into a normal list you can print or reuse.",[80,80564,11805],{"id":11804},[24,80566,80567],{},"Here is a simple example that converts numbers to strings:",[85,80569,80571],{"className":87,"code":80570,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80572,80573,80593,80611,80615],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,80574,80575,80577,80579,80581,80583,80585,80587,80589,80591],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,80576,101],{"class":100},[94,80578,105],{"class":104},[94,80580,109],{"class":108},[94,80582,2688],{"class":112},[94,80584,116],{"class":108},[94,80586,8124],{"class":112},[94,80588,116],{"class":108},[94,80590,8129],{"class":112},[94,80592,127],{"class":108},[94,80594,80595,80597,80599,80601,80603,80605,80607,80609],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,80596,305],{"class":100},[94,80598,105],{"class":104},[94,80600,80327],{"class":145},[94,80602,149],{"class":108},[94,80604,1372],{"class":913},[94,80606,116],{"class":108},[94,80608,343],{"class":152},[94,80610,316],{"class":108},[94,80612,80613],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,80614,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,80616,80617,80619,80621,80623,80625,80627],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,80618,326],{"class":145},[94,80620,149],{"class":108},[94,80622,965],{"class":913},[94,80624,149],{"class":108},[94,80626,902],{"class":152},[94,80628,921],{"class":108},[24,80630,371],{},[85,80632,80634],{"className":87,"code":80633,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"['10', '20', '30']\n",[15,80635,80636],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,80637,80638,80640,80642,80644,80646,80648,80650,80652,80654,80656,80658,80660,80662],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,80639,539],{"class":108},[94,80641,968],{"class":331},[94,80643,2688],{"class":335},[94,80645,968],{"class":331},[94,80647,116],{"class":108},[94,80649,962],{"class":331},[94,80651,16082],{"class":335},[94,80653,968],{"class":331},[94,80655,116],{"class":108},[94,80657,962],{"class":331},[94,80659,37170],{"class":335},[94,80661,968],{"class":331},[94,80663,127],{"class":108},[24,80665,12014],{},[28,80667,80668,80673,80681,80689,80697],{},[31,80669,80670,80672],{},[15,80671,153],{}," contains integers",[31,80674,80675,80678,80679],{},[15,80676,80677],{},"map(str, numbers)"," passes each number to ",[15,80680,48015],{},[31,80682,80683,1631,80686],{},[15,80684,80685],{},"str(10)",[15,80687,80688],{},"'10'",[31,80690,80691,1631,80694],{},[15,80692,80693],{},"str(20)",[15,80695,80696],{},"'20'",[31,80698,80699,1631,80702],{},[15,80700,80701],{},"str(30)",[15,80703,80704],{},"'30'",[24,80706,53981,80707,80709,80710,80712],{},[15,80708,40047],{}," applies ",[15,80711,48015],{}," one item at a time.",[24,80714,80715,80716,80718,80719,168],{},"If you want to understand ",[15,80717,25112],{}," better, see ",[434,80720,13,80721,439],{"href":65171},[15,80722,25112],{},[80,80724,1484,80726,80728],{"id":80725},"using-map-with-your-own-function",[15,80727,40047],{}," with your own function",[24,80730,16042,80731,80733],{},[15,80732,40047],{}," with a function you define yourself.",[85,80735,80737],{"className":87,"code":80736,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"def double(x):\n    return x * 2\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(double, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80738,80739,80752,80762,80766,80790,80809,80813],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,80740,80741,80743,80746,80748,80750],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,80742,35180],{"class":958},[94,80744,80745],{"class":35183}," double",[94,80747,149],{"class":108},[94,80749,2531],{"class":37992},[94,80751,8676],{"class":108},[94,80753,80754,80756,80758,80760],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,80755,35191],{"class":4221},[94,80757,4225],{"class":100},[94,80759,40203],{"class":104},[94,80761,45921],{"class":112},[94,80763,80764],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,80765,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,80767,80768,80770,80772,80774,80776,80778,80780,80782,80784,80786,80788],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,80769,101],{"class":100},[94,80771,105],{"class":104},[94,80773,109],{"class":108},[94,80775,412],{"class":112},[94,80777,116],{"class":108},[94,80779,124],{"class":112},[94,80781,116],{"class":108},[94,80783,421],{"class":112},[94,80785,116],{"class":108},[94,80787,624],{"class":112},[94,80789,127],{"class":108},[94,80791,80792,80794,80796,80798,80800,80803,80805,80807],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,80793,305],{"class":100},[94,80795,105],{"class":104},[94,80797,80327],{"class":145},[94,80799,149],{"class":108},[94,80801,80802],{"class":152},"double",[94,80804,116],{"class":108},[94,80806,343],{"class":152},[94,80808,316],{"class":108},[94,80810,80811],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,80812,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,80814,80815,80817,80819,80821,80823,80825],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,80816,326],{"class":145},[94,80818,149],{"class":108},[94,80820,965],{"class":913},[94,80822,149],{"class":108},[94,80824,902],{"class":152},[94,80826,921],{"class":108},[24,80828,371],{},[85,80830,80831],{"className":87,"code":40216,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,80832,80833],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,80834,80835,80837,80839,80841,80843,80845,80847,80849,80851],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,80836,539],{"class":108},[94,80838,763],{"class":112},[94,80840,116],{"class":108},[94,80842,624],{"class":112},[94,80844,116],{"class":108},[94,80846,37973],{"class":112},[94,80848,116],{"class":108},[94,80850,6692],{"class":112},[94,80852,127],{"class":108},[24,80854,65908],{},[28,80856,80857,80864,80870],{},[31,80858,80859,80861,80862],{},[15,80860,40047],{}," takes the function ",[15,80863,80802],{},[31,80865,80866,80867,80869],{},"it sends each item from ",[15,80868,153],{}," into that function",[31,80871,80872],{},"the returned values become the mapped result",[24,80874,80875],{},"In other words, Python does this behind the scenes:",[28,80877,80878,80885,80892,80900],{},[31,80879,80880,6404,80883],{},[15,80881,80882],{},"double(1)",[15,80884,763],{},[31,80886,80887,6404,80890],{},[15,80888,80889],{},"double(2)",[15,80891,857],{},[31,80893,80894,6404,80897],{},[15,80895,80896],{},"double(3)",[15,80898,80899],{},"6",[31,80901,80902,6404,80905],{},[15,80903,80904],{},"double(4)",[15,80906,2703],{},[80,80908,1484,80910,80912],{"id":80909},"using-map-with-multiple-iterables",[15,80911,40047],{}," with multiple iterables",[24,80914,80915,80917],{},[15,80916,40047],{}," can also work with more than one iterable.",[24,80919,80920],{},"When you do that, the function must accept the same number of arguments.",[24,80922,2566],{},[85,80924,80926],{"className":87,"code":80925,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80927,80928,80945,80955,80959,80980,81001,81005,81030,81034],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,80929,80930,80932,80935,80937,80939,80941,80943],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,80931,35180],{"class":958},[94,80933,80934],{"class":35183}," add_numbers",[94,80936,149],{"class":108},[94,80938,434],{"class":37992},[94,80940,116],{"class":108},[94,80942,2914],{"class":37992},[94,80944,8676],{"class":108},[94,80946,80947,80949,80951,80953],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,80948,35191],{"class":4221},[94,80950,44876],{"class":100},[94,80952,2417],{"class":104},[94,80954,36510],{"class":100},[94,80956,80957],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,80958,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,80960,80961,80964,80966,80968,80970,80972,80974,80976,80978],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,80962,80963],{"class":100},"list1 ",[94,80965,105],{"class":104},[94,80967,109],{"class":108},[94,80969,412],{"class":112},[94,80971,116],{"class":108},[94,80973,124],{"class":112},[94,80975,116],{"class":108},[94,80977,421],{"class":112},[94,80979,127],{"class":108},[94,80981,80982,80985,80987,80989,80991,80993,80995,80997,80999],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,80983,80984],{"class":100},"list2 ",[94,80986,105],{"class":104},[94,80988,109],{"class":108},[94,80990,2688],{"class":112},[94,80992,116],{"class":108},[94,80994,8124],{"class":112},[94,80996,116],{"class":108},[94,80998,8129],{"class":112},[94,81000,127],{"class":108},[94,81002,81003],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,81004,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,81006,81007,81009,81011,81013,81015,81018,81020,81023,81025,81028],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,81008,305],{"class":100},[94,81010,105],{"class":104},[94,81012,80327],{"class":145},[94,81014,149],{"class":108},[94,81016,81017],{"class":152},"add_numbers",[94,81019,116],{"class":108},[94,81021,81022],{"class":152}," list1",[94,81024,116],{"class":108},[94,81026,81027],{"class":152}," list2",[94,81029,316],{"class":108},[94,81031,81032],{"class":96,"line":702},[94,81033,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,81035,81036,81038,81040,81042,81044,81046],{"class":96,"line":6763},[94,81037,326],{"class":145},[94,81039,149],{"class":108},[94,81041,965],{"class":913},[94,81043,149],{"class":108},[94,81045,902],{"class":152},[94,81047,921],{"class":108},[24,81049,371],{},[85,81051,81053],{"className":87,"code":81052,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"[11, 22, 33]\n",[15,81054,81055],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,81056,81057,81059,81062,81064,81067,81069,81072],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,81058,539],{"class":108},[94,81060,81061],{"class":112},"11",[94,81063,116],{"class":108},[94,81065,81066],{"class":112}," 22",[94,81068,116],{"class":108},[94,81070,81071],{"class":112}," 33",[94,81073,127],{"class":108},[24,81075,2536],{},[28,81077,81078,81084,81090],{},[31,81079,81080,81081],{},"the first values are used together: ",[15,81082,81083],{},"add_numbers(1, 10)",[31,81085,81086,81087],{},"then ",[15,81088,81089],{},"add_numbers(2, 20)",[31,81091,81086,81092],{},[15,81093,81094],{},"add_numbers(3, 30)",[265,81096,81098,81100],{"id":81097},"map-stops-at-the-shortest-iterable",[15,81099,40047],{}," stops at the shortest iterable",[24,81102,81103,81104,81106],{},"If the iterables have different lengths, ",[15,81105,40047],{}," stops when the shortest one ends.",[85,81108,81110],{"className":87,"code":81109,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nlist2 = [10, 20]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81111,81112,81128,81138,81142,81166,81182,81186,81208,81212],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,81113,81114,81116,81118,81120,81122,81124,81126],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,81115,35180],{"class":958},[94,81117,80934],{"class":35183},[94,81119,149],{"class":108},[94,81121,434],{"class":37992},[94,81123,116],{"class":108},[94,81125,2914],{"class":37992},[94,81127,8676],{"class":108},[94,81129,81130,81132,81134,81136],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,81131,35191],{"class":4221},[94,81133,44876],{"class":100},[94,81135,2417],{"class":104},[94,81137,36510],{"class":100},[94,81139,81140],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,81141,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,81143,81144,81146,81148,81150,81152,81154,81156,81158,81160,81162,81164],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,81145,80963],{"class":100},[94,81147,105],{"class":104},[94,81149,109],{"class":108},[94,81151,412],{"class":112},[94,81153,116],{"class":108},[94,81155,124],{"class":112},[94,81157,116],{"class":108},[94,81159,421],{"class":112},[94,81161,116],{"class":108},[94,81163,624],{"class":112},[94,81165,127],{"class":108},[94,81167,81168,81170,81172,81174,81176,81178,81180],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,81169,80984],{"class":100},[94,81171,105],{"class":104},[94,81173,109],{"class":108},[94,81175,2688],{"class":112},[94,81177,116],{"class":108},[94,81179,8124],{"class":112},[94,81181,127],{"class":108},[94,81183,81184],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,81185,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,81187,81188,81190,81192,81194,81196,81198,81200,81202,81204,81206],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,81189,305],{"class":100},[94,81191,105],{"class":104},[94,81193,80327],{"class":145},[94,81195,149],{"class":108},[94,81197,81017],{"class":152},[94,81199,116],{"class":108},[94,81201,81022],{"class":152},[94,81203,116],{"class":108},[94,81205,81027],{"class":152},[94,81207,316],{"class":108},[94,81209,81210],{"class":96,"line":702},[94,81211,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,81213,81214,81216,81218,81220,81222,81224],{"class":96,"line":6763},[94,81215,326],{"class":145},[94,81217,149],{"class":108},[94,81219,965],{"class":913},[94,81221,149],{"class":108},[94,81223,902],{"class":152},[94,81225,921],{"class":108},[24,81227,371],{},[85,81229,81231],{"className":87,"code":81230,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"[11, 22]\n",[15,81232,81233],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,81234,81235,81237,81239,81241,81243],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,81236,539],{"class":108},[94,81238,81061],{"class":112},[94,81240,116],{"class":108},[94,81242,81066],{"class":112},[94,81244,127],{"class":108},[24,81246,81247,81248,81251],{},"Only two results are produced because ",[15,81249,81250],{},"list2"," has only two items.",[80,81253,81255,81257],{"id":81254},"map-returns-an-iterator-like-object",[15,81256,40047],{}," returns an iterator-like object",[24,81259,38353,81260,81262],{},[15,81261,40047],{}," returns a map object.",[24,81264,81265,81266,81269],{},"This object is ",[43,81267,81268],{},"lazy",", which means values are produced only when needed.",[265,81271,2845,81273,81275],{"id":81272},"why-printresult-looks-strange",[15,81274,33358],{}," looks strange",[24,81277,33973],{},[85,81279,81281],{"className":87,"code":81280,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,81282,81283,81303,81321,81325],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,81284,81285,81287,81289,81291,81293,81295,81297,81299,81301],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,81286,101],{"class":100},[94,81288,105],{"class":104},[94,81290,109],{"class":108},[94,81292,412],{"class":112},[94,81294,116],{"class":108},[94,81296,124],{"class":112},[94,81298,116],{"class":108},[94,81300,421],{"class":112},[94,81302,127],{"class":108},[94,81304,81305,81307,81309,81311,81313,81315,81317,81319],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,81306,305],{"class":100},[94,81308,105],{"class":104},[94,81310,80327],{"class":145},[94,81312,149],{"class":108},[94,81314,1372],{"class":913},[94,81316,116],{"class":108},[94,81318,343],{"class":152},[94,81320,316],{"class":108},[94,81322,81323],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,81324,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,81326,81327,81329,81331,81333],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,81328,326],{"class":145},[94,81330,149],{"class":108},[94,81332,902],{"class":152},[94,81334,316],{"class":108},[24,81336,81337],{},"Output will look something like this:",[85,81339,81341],{"className":87,"code":81340,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"\u003Cmap object at 0x...>\n",[15,81342,81343],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,81344,81345,81347,81349,81351,81353,81355,81357],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,81346,955],{"class":104},[94,81348,40190],{"class":145},[94,81350,24949],{"class":913},[94,81352,37693],{"class":100},[94,81354,37697],{"class":37696},[94,81356,37700],{"class":34784},[94,81358,971],{"class":104},[24,81360,81361],{},"That happens because you are printing the map object itself, not the values inside it.",[24,81363,81364],{},"To see the mapped values, convert it to a list or loop over it:",[85,81366,81368],{"className":87,"code":81367,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81369,81370,81390,81408,81412],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,81371,81372,81374,81376,81378,81380,81382,81384,81386,81388],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,81373,101],{"class":100},[94,81375,105],{"class":104},[94,81377,109],{"class":108},[94,81379,412],{"class":112},[94,81381,116],{"class":108},[94,81383,124],{"class":112},[94,81385,116],{"class":108},[94,81387,421],{"class":112},[94,81389,127],{"class":108},[94,81391,81392,81394,81396,81398,81400,81402,81404,81406],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,81393,305],{"class":100},[94,81395,105],{"class":104},[94,81397,80327],{"class":145},[94,81399,149],{"class":108},[94,81401,1372],{"class":913},[94,81403,116],{"class":108},[94,81405,343],{"class":152},[94,81407,316],{"class":108},[94,81409,81410],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,81411,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,81413,81414,81416,81418,81420,81422,81424],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,81415,326],{"class":145},[94,81417,149],{"class":108},[94,81419,965],{"class":913},[94,81421,149],{"class":108},[94,81423,902],{"class":152},[94,81425,921],{"class":108},[24,81427,371],{},[85,81429,81431],{"className":87,"code":81430,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,81432,81433],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,81434,81435,81437,81439,81441,81443,81445,81447,81449,81451,81453,81455,81457,81459],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,81436,539],{"class":108},[94,81438,968],{"class":331},[94,81440,412],{"class":335},[94,81442,968],{"class":331},[94,81444,116],{"class":108},[94,81446,962],{"class":331},[94,81448,763],{"class":335},[94,81450,968],{"class":331},[94,81452,116],{"class":108},[94,81454,962],{"class":331},[94,81456,113],{"class":335},[94,81458,968],{"class":331},[94,81460,127],{"class":108},[265,81462,81464],{"id":81463},"you-can-loop-over-a-map-object-directly","You can loop over a map object directly",[85,81466,81468],{"className":87,"code":81467,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,81469,81470,81490,81508,81512,81524],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,81471,81472,81474,81476,81478,81480,81482,81484,81486,81488],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,81473,101],{"class":100},[94,81475,105],{"class":104},[94,81477,109],{"class":108},[94,81479,412],{"class":112},[94,81481,116],{"class":108},[94,81483,124],{"class":112},[94,81485,116],{"class":108},[94,81487,421],{"class":112},[94,81489,127],{"class":108},[94,81491,81492,81494,81496,81498,81500,81502,81504,81506],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,81493,305],{"class":100},[94,81495,105],{"class":104},[94,81497,80327],{"class":145},[94,81499,149],{"class":108},[94,81501,1372],{"class":913},[94,81503,116],{"class":108},[94,81505,343],{"class":152},[94,81507,316],{"class":108},[94,81509,81510],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,81511,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,81513,81514,81516,81518,81520,81522],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,81515,6289],{"class":4221},[94,81517,6292],{"class":100},[94,81519,4228],{"class":4221},[94,81521,364],{"class":100},[94,81523,6726],{"class":108},[94,81525,81526,81528,81530,81532],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,81527,8404],{"class":145},[94,81529,149],{"class":108},[94,81531,23642],{"class":152},[94,81533,316],{"class":108},[24,81535,371],{},[85,81537,81539],{"className":87,"code":81538,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"1\n2\n3\n",[15,81540,81541,81545,81549],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,81542,81543],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,81544,47248],{"class":112},[94,81546,81547],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,81548,17385],{"class":112},[94,81550,81551],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,81552,46948],{"class":112},[265,81554,81556],{"id":81555},"a-map-object-is-exhausted-after-use","A map object is exhausted after use",[24,81558,81559],{},"Once you consume a map object, it is empty the next time.",[85,81561,81563],{"className":87,"code":81562,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81564,81565,81585,81603,81607,81621],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,81566,81567,81569,81571,81573,81575,81577,81579,81581,81583],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,81568,101],{"class":100},[94,81570,105],{"class":104},[94,81572,109],{"class":108},[94,81574,412],{"class":112},[94,81576,116],{"class":108},[94,81578,124],{"class":112},[94,81580,116],{"class":108},[94,81582,421],{"class":112},[94,81584,127],{"class":108},[94,81586,81587,81589,81591,81593,81595,81597,81599,81601],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,81588,305],{"class":100},[94,81590,105],{"class":104},[94,81592,80327],{"class":145},[94,81594,149],{"class":108},[94,81596,1372],{"class":913},[94,81598,116],{"class":108},[94,81600,343],{"class":152},[94,81602,316],{"class":108},[94,81604,81605],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,81606,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,81608,81609,81611,81613,81615,81617,81619],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,81610,326],{"class":145},[94,81612,149],{"class":108},[94,81614,965],{"class":913},[94,81616,149],{"class":108},[94,81618,902],{"class":152},[94,81620,921],{"class":108},[94,81622,81623,81625,81627,81629,81631,81633],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,81624,326],{"class":145},[94,81626,149],{"class":108},[94,81628,965],{"class":913},[94,81630,149],{"class":108},[94,81632,902],{"class":152},[94,81634,921],{"class":108},[24,81636,371],{},[85,81638,81640],{"className":87,"code":81639,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"['1', '2', '3']\n[]\n",[15,81641,81642,81670],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,81643,81644,81646,81648,81650,81652,81654,81656,81658,81660,81662,81664,81666,81668],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,81645,539],{"class":108},[94,81647,968],{"class":331},[94,81649,412],{"class":335},[94,81651,968],{"class":331},[94,81653,116],{"class":108},[94,81655,962],{"class":331},[94,81657,763],{"class":335},[94,81659,968],{"class":331},[94,81661,116],{"class":108},[94,81663,962],{"class":331},[94,81665,113],{"class":335},[94,81667,968],{"class":331},[94,81669,127],{"class":108},[94,81671,81672],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,81673,38627],{"class":108},[24,81675,81676],{},"The second list is empty because the map object was already used.",[24,81678,81679],{},"If you need the values more than once, store them in a list:",[85,81681,81683],{"className":87,"code":81682,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,81684,81685,81705,81727,81731,81741],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,81686,81687,81689,81691,81693,81695,81697,81699,81701,81703],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,81688,101],{"class":100},[94,81690,105],{"class":104},[94,81692,109],{"class":108},[94,81694,412],{"class":112},[94,81696,116],{"class":108},[94,81698,124],{"class":112},[94,81700,116],{"class":108},[94,81702,421],{"class":112},[94,81704,127],{"class":108},[94,81706,81707,81709,81711,81713,81715,81717,81719,81721,81723,81725],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,81708,305],{"class":100},[94,81710,105],{"class":104},[94,81712,22891],{"class":913},[94,81714,149],{"class":108},[94,81716,40190],{"class":145},[94,81718,149],{"class":108},[94,81720,1372],{"class":913},[94,81722,116],{"class":108},[94,81724,343],{"class":152},[94,81726,921],{"class":108},[94,81728,81729],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,81730,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,81732,81733,81735,81737,81739],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,81734,326],{"class":145},[94,81736,149],{"class":108},[94,81738,902],{"class":152},[94,81740,316],{"class":108},[94,81742,81743,81745,81747,81749],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,81744,326],{"class":145},[94,81746,149],{"class":108},[94,81748,902],{"class":152},[94,81750,316],{"class":108},[24,81752,371],{},[85,81754,81756],{"className":87,"code":81755,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"['1', '2', '3']\n['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,81757,81758,81786],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,81759,81760,81762,81764,81766,81768,81770,81772,81774,81776,81778,81780,81782,81784],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,81761,539],{"class":108},[94,81763,968],{"class":331},[94,81765,412],{"class":335},[94,81767,968],{"class":331},[94,81769,116],{"class":108},[94,81771,962],{"class":331},[94,81773,763],{"class":335},[94,81775,968],{"class":331},[94,81777,116],{"class":108},[94,81779,962],{"class":331},[94,81781,113],{"class":335},[94,81783,968],{"class":331},[94,81785,127],{"class":108},[94,81787,81788,81790,81792,81794,81796,81798,81800,81802,81804,81806,81808,81810,81812],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,81789,539],{"class":108},[94,81791,968],{"class":331},[94,81793,412],{"class":335},[94,81795,968],{"class":331},[94,81797,116],{"class":108},[94,81799,962],{"class":331},[94,81801,763],{"class":335},[94,81803,968],{"class":331},[94,81805,116],{"class":108},[94,81807,962],{"class":331},[94,81809,113],{"class":335},[94,81811,968],{"class":331},[94,81813,127],{"class":108},[80,81815,815,81817],{"id":81816},"when-to-use-map",[15,81818,40047],{},[24,81820,81821,81823],{},[15,81822,40047],{}," is a good choice when you want to apply one function to every item.",[24,81825,81826],{},"It works especially well with simple built-in functions such as:",[28,81828,81829,81833,81837],{},[31,81830,81831],{},[15,81832,1372],{},[31,81834,81835],{},[15,81836,2546],{},[31,81838,81839],{},[15,81840,2375],{},[24,81842,2566],{},[85,81844,81846],{"className":87,"code":81845,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"values = ['1', '2', '3']\nnumbers = list(map(int, values))\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,81847,81848,81880,81902,81906],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,81849,81850,81852,81854,81856,81858,81860,81862,81864,81866,81868,81870,81872,81874,81876,81878],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,81851,4167],{"class":100},[94,81853,105],{"class":104},[94,81855,109],{"class":108},[94,81857,968],{"class":331},[94,81859,412],{"class":335},[94,81861,968],{"class":331},[94,81863,116],{"class":108},[94,81865,962],{"class":331},[94,81867,763],{"class":335},[94,81869,968],{"class":331},[94,81871,116],{"class":108},[94,81873,962],{"class":331},[94,81875,113],{"class":335},[94,81877,968],{"class":331},[94,81879,127],{"class":108},[94,81881,81882,81884,81886,81888,81890,81892,81894,81896,81898,81900],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,81883,101],{"class":100},[94,81885,105],{"class":104},[94,81887,22891],{"class":913},[94,81889,149],{"class":108},[94,81891,40190],{"class":145},[94,81893,149],{"class":108},[94,81895,2546],{"class":913},[94,81897,116],{"class":108},[94,81899,4231],{"class":152},[94,81901,921],{"class":108},[94,81903,81904],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,81905,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,81907,81908,81910,81912,81914],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,81909,326],{"class":145},[94,81911,149],{"class":108},[94,81913,153],{"class":152},[94,81915,316],{"class":108},[24,81917,371],{},[85,81919,81920],{"className":87,"code":532,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,81921,81922],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,81923,81924,81926,81928,81930,81932,81934,81936],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,81925,539],{"class":108},[94,81927,412],{"class":112},[94,81929,116],{"class":108},[94,81931,124],{"class":112},[94,81933,116],{"class":108},[94,81935,421],{"class":112},[94,81937,127],{"class":108},[24,81939,81940],{},"For beginners, a list comprehension is often easier to read.",[24,81942,81943],{},"For example, these do similar work:",[85,81945,81947],{"className":87,"code":81946,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,81948,81949,81969,81991],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,81950,81951,81953,81955,81957,81959,81961,81963,81965,81967],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,81952,101],{"class":100},[94,81954,105],{"class":104},[94,81956,109],{"class":108},[94,81958,412],{"class":112},[94,81960,116],{"class":108},[94,81962,124],{"class":112},[94,81964,116],{"class":108},[94,81966,421],{"class":112},[94,81968,127],{"class":108},[94,81970,81971,81973,81975,81977,81979,81981,81983,81985,81987,81989],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,81972,305],{"class":100},[94,81974,105],{"class":104},[94,81976,22891],{"class":913},[94,81978,149],{"class":108},[94,81980,40190],{"class":145},[94,81982,149],{"class":108},[94,81984,1372],{"class":913},[94,81986,116],{"class":108},[94,81988,343],{"class":152},[94,81990,921],{"class":108},[94,81992,81993,81995,81997,81999],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,81994,326],{"class":145},[94,81996,149],{"class":108},[94,81998,902],{"class":152},[94,82000,316],{"class":108},[85,82002,82004],{"className":87,"code":82003,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = [str(n) for n in numbers]\nprint(result)\n",[15,82005,82006,82026,82053],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,82007,82008,82010,82012,82014,82016,82018,82020,82022,82024],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,82009,101],{"class":100},[94,82011,105],{"class":104},[94,82013,109],{"class":108},[94,82015,412],{"class":112},[94,82017,116],{"class":108},[94,82019,124],{"class":112},[94,82021,116],{"class":108},[94,82023,421],{"class":112},[94,82025,127],{"class":108},[94,82027,82028,82030,82032,82034,82036,82038,82040,82042,82044,82047,82049,82051],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,82029,305],{"class":100},[94,82031,105],{"class":104},[94,82033,109],{"class":108},[94,82035,1372],{"class":913},[94,82037,149],{"class":108},[94,82039,76346],{"class":152},[94,82041,156],{"class":108},[94,82043,4222],{"class":4221},[94,82045,82046],{"class":100}," n ",[94,82048,4228],{"class":4221},[94,82050,343],{"class":100},[94,82052,127],{"class":108},[94,82054,82055,82057,82059,82061],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,82056,326],{"class":145},[94,82058,149],{"class":108},[94,82060,902],{"class":152},[94,82062,316],{"class":108},[24,82064,82065],{},"Both produce:",[85,82067,82068],{"className":87,"code":81430,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,82069,82070],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,82071,82072,82074,82076,82078,82080,82082,82084,82086,82088,82090,82092,82094,82096],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,82073,539],{"class":108},[94,82075,968],{"class":331},[94,82077,412],{"class":335},[94,82079,968],{"class":331},[94,82081,116],{"class":108},[94,82083,962],{"class":331},[94,82085,763],{"class":335},[94,82087,968],{"class":331},[94,82089,116],{"class":108},[94,82091,962],{"class":331},[94,82093,113],{"class":335},[94,82095,968],{"class":331},[94,82097,127],{"class":108},[24,82099,82100],{},"A simple rule:",[28,82102,82103,82108,82113],{},[31,82104,40320,82105,82107],{},[15,82106,40047],{}," when applying a clear function to every item",[31,82109,40326,82110,82112],{},[15,82111,6289],{}," loop when you need more steps or more explanation",[31,82114,82115],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a compact and readable transformation",[24,82117,82118,82119,168],{},"If you want more practice with that style, see ",[434,82120,4736],{"href":4735},[80,82122,4862],{"id":4861},[265,82124,82126,82127],{"id":82125},"_1-forgetting-to-convert-the-result-to-list","1. Forgetting to convert the result to ",[15,82128,25112],{},[24,82130,82131],{},"This is very common:",[85,82133,82134],{"className":87,"code":81280,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,82135,82136,82156,82174,82178],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,82137,82138,82140,82142,82144,82146,82148,82150,82152,82154],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,82139,101],{"class":100},[94,82141,105],{"class":104},[94,82143,109],{"class":108},[94,82145,412],{"class":112},[94,82147,116],{"class":108},[94,82149,124],{"class":112},[94,82151,116],{"class":108},[94,82153,421],{"class":112},[94,82155,127],{"class":108},[94,82157,82158,82160,82162,82164,82166,82168,82170,82172],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,82159,305],{"class":100},[94,82161,105],{"class":104},[94,82163,80327],{"class":145},[94,82165,149],{"class":108},[94,82167,1372],{"class":913},[94,82169,116],{"class":108},[94,82171,343],{"class":152},[94,82173,316],{"class":108},[94,82175,82176],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,82177,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,82179,82180,82182,82184,82186],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,82181,326],{"class":145},[94,82183,149],{"class":108},[94,82185,902],{"class":152},[94,82187,316],{"class":108},[24,82189,82190],{},"This prints the map object, not the values.",[24,82192,39592],{},[85,82194,82196],{"className":87,"code":82195,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(list(result))\n",[15,82197,82198],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,82199,82200,82202,82204,82206,82208,82210],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,82201,326],{"class":145},[94,82203,149],{"class":108},[94,82205,965],{"class":913},[94,82207,149],{"class":108},[94,82209,902],{"class":152},[94,82211,921],{"class":108},[265,82213,82215],{"id":82214},"_2-calling-the-function-instead-of-passing-it","2. Calling the function instead of passing it",[24,82217,16972],{},[85,82219,82221],{"className":87,"code":82220,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str(), numbers)\n",[15,82222,82223,82243],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,82224,82225,82227,82229,82231,82233,82235,82237,82239,82241],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,82226,101],{"class":100},[94,82228,105],{"class":104},[94,82230,109],{"class":108},[94,82232,412],{"class":112},[94,82234,116],{"class":108},[94,82236,124],{"class":112},[94,82238,116],{"class":108},[94,82240,421],{"class":112},[94,82242,127],{"class":108},[94,82244,82245,82247,82249,82251,82253,82255,82258,82260],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,82246,305],{"class":100},[94,82248,105],{"class":104},[94,82250,80327],{"class":145},[94,82252,149],{"class":108},[94,82254,1372],{"class":913},[94,82256,82257],{"class":108},"(),",[94,82259,343],{"class":152},[94,82261,316],{"class":108},[24,82263,82264,82265,82267,82268,82270],{},"This is wrong because ",[15,82266,48015],{}," is being called immediately. ",[15,82269,40047],{}," needs the function itself, not the result of calling it.",[24,82272,16984],{},[85,82274,82275],{"className":87,"code":81367,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,82276,82277,82297,82315,82319],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,82278,82279,82281,82283,82285,82287,82289,82291,82293,82295],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,82280,101],{"class":100},[94,82282,105],{"class":104},[94,82284,109],{"class":108},[94,82286,412],{"class":112},[94,82288,116],{"class":108},[94,82290,124],{"class":112},[94,82292,116],{"class":108},[94,82294,421],{"class":112},[94,82296,127],{"class":108},[94,82298,82299,82301,82303,82305,82307,82309,82311,82313],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,82300,305],{"class":100},[94,82302,105],{"class":104},[94,82304,80327],{"class":145},[94,82306,149],{"class":108},[94,82308,1372],{"class":913},[94,82310,116],{"class":108},[94,82312,343],{"class":152},[94,82314,316],{"class":108},[94,82316,82317],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,82318,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,82320,82321,82323,82325,82327,82329,82331],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,82322,326],{"class":145},[94,82324,149],{"class":108},[94,82326,965],{"class":913},[94,82328,149],{"class":108},[94,82330,902],{"class":152},[94,82332,921],{"class":108},[265,82334,82336],{"id":82335},"_3-using-a-function-with-the-wrong-number-of-parameters","3. Using a function with the wrong number of parameters",[24,82338,82339],{},"If your function needs two arguments, but you pass only one iterable, it will fail.",[24,82341,16972],{},[85,82343,82345],{"className":87,"code":82344,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(add, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,82346,82347,82364,82374,82378,82398,82417,82421],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,82348,82349,82351,82354,82356,82358,82360,82362],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,82350,35180],{"class":958},[94,82352,82353],{"class":35183}," add",[94,82355,149],{"class":108},[94,82357,434],{"class":37992},[94,82359,116],{"class":108},[94,82361,2914],{"class":37992},[94,82363,8676],{"class":108},[94,82365,82366,82368,82370,82372],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,82367,35191],{"class":4221},[94,82369,44876],{"class":100},[94,82371,2417],{"class":104},[94,82373,36510],{"class":100},[94,82375,82376],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,82377,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,82379,82380,82382,82384,82386,82388,82390,82392,82394,82396],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,82381,101],{"class":100},[94,82383,105],{"class":104},[94,82385,109],{"class":108},[94,82387,412],{"class":112},[94,82389,116],{"class":108},[94,82391,124],{"class":112},[94,82393,116],{"class":108},[94,82395,421],{"class":112},[94,82397,127],{"class":108},[94,82399,82400,82402,82404,82406,82408,82411,82413,82415],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,82401,305],{"class":100},[94,82403,105],{"class":104},[94,82405,80327],{"class":145},[94,82407,149],{"class":108},[94,82409,82410],{"class":152},"add",[94,82412,116],{"class":108},[94,82414,343],{"class":152},[94,82416,316],{"class":108},[94,82418,82419],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,82420,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,82422,82423,82425,82427,82429,82431,82433],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,82424,326],{"class":145},[94,82426,149],{"class":108},[94,82428,965],{"class":913},[94,82430,149],{"class":108},[94,82432,902],{"class":152},[94,82434,921],{"class":108},[24,82436,16984],{},[85,82438,82440],{"className":87,"code":82439,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(add, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,82441,82442,82458,82468,82472,82492,82512,82534,82538],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,82443,82444,82446,82448,82450,82452,82454,82456],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,82445,35180],{"class":958},[94,82447,82353],{"class":35183},[94,82449,149],{"class":108},[94,82451,434],{"class":37992},[94,82453,116],{"class":108},[94,82455,2914],{"class":37992},[94,82457,8676],{"class":108},[94,82459,82460,82462,82464,82466],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,82461,35191],{"class":4221},[94,82463,44876],{"class":100},[94,82465,2417],{"class":104},[94,82467,36510],{"class":100},[94,82469,82470],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,82471,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,82473,82474,82476,82478,82480,82482,82484,82486,82488,82490],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,82475,80963],{"class":100},[94,82477,105],{"class":104},[94,82479,109],{"class":108},[94,82481,412],{"class":112},[94,82483,116],{"class":108},[94,82485,124],{"class":112},[94,82487,116],{"class":108},[94,82489,421],{"class":112},[94,82491,127],{"class":108},[94,82493,82494,82496,82498,82500,82502,82504,82506,82508,82510],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,82495,80984],{"class":100},[94,82497,105],{"class":104},[94,82499,109],{"class":108},[94,82501,2688],{"class":112},[94,82503,116],{"class":108},[94,82505,8124],{"class":112},[94,82507,116],{"class":108},[94,82509,8129],{"class":112},[94,82511,127],{"class":108},[94,82513,82514,82516,82518,82520,82522,82524,82526,82528,82530,82532],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,82515,305],{"class":100},[94,82517,105],{"class":104},[94,82519,80327],{"class":145},[94,82521,149],{"class":108},[94,82523,82410],{"class":152},[94,82525,116],{"class":108},[94,82527,81022],{"class":152},[94,82529,116],{"class":108},[94,82531,81027],{"class":152},[94,82533,316],{"class":108},[94,82535,82536],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,82537,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,82539,82540,82542,82544,82546,82548,82550],{"class":96,"line":702},[94,82541,326],{"class":145},[94,82543,149],{"class":108},[94,82545,965],{"class":913},[94,82547,149],{"class":108},[94,82549,902],{"class":152},[94,82551,921],{"class":108},[265,82553,82555],{"id":82554},"_4-reusing-the-same-map-object","4. Reusing the same map object",[24,82557,16972],{},[85,82559,82560],{"className":87,"code":81562,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,82561,82562,82582,82600,82604,82618],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,82563,82564,82566,82568,82570,82572,82574,82576,82578,82580],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,82565,101],{"class":100},[94,82567,105],{"class":104},[94,82569,109],{"class":108},[94,82571,412],{"class":112},[94,82573,116],{"class":108},[94,82575,124],{"class":112},[94,82577,116],{"class":108},[94,82579,421],{"class":112},[94,82581,127],{"class":108},[94,82583,82584,82586,82588,82590,82592,82594,82596,82598],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,82585,305],{"class":100},[94,82587,105],{"class":104},[94,82589,80327],{"class":145},[94,82591,149],{"class":108},[94,82593,1372],{"class":913},[94,82595,116],{"class":108},[94,82597,343],{"class":152},[94,82599,316],{"class":108},[94,82601,82602],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,82603,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,82605,82606,82608,82610,82612,82614,82616],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,82607,326],{"class":145},[94,82609,149],{"class":108},[94,82611,965],{"class":913},[94,82613,149],{"class":108},[94,82615,902],{"class":152},[94,82617,921],{"class":108},[94,82619,82620,82622,82624,82626,82628,82630],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,82621,326],{"class":145},[94,82623,149],{"class":108},[94,82625,965],{"class":913},[94,82627,149],{"class":108},[94,82629,902],{"class":152},[94,82631,921],{"class":108},[24,82633,82634],{},"The second result is empty.",[24,82636,82637],{},"Fix: create a new map object, or convert once and save the list.",[80,82639,68219],{"id":68218},[24,82641,9208,82642,82644],{},[15,82643,40047],{}," is not doing what you expect, these quick checks can help:",[85,82646,82648],{"className":87,"code":82647,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(result)\nprint(list(result))\nprint(type(result))\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,82649,82650,82660,82674,82688,82700],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,82651,82652,82654,82656,82658],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,82653,326],{"class":145},[94,82655,149],{"class":108},[94,82657,902],{"class":152},[94,82659,316],{"class":108},[94,82661,82662,82664,82666,82668,82670,82672],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,82663,326],{"class":145},[94,82665,149],{"class":108},[94,82667,965],{"class":913},[94,82669,149],{"class":108},[94,82671,902],{"class":152},[94,82673,921],{"class":108},[94,82675,82676,82678,82680,82682,82684,82686],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,82677,326],{"class":145},[94,82679,149],{"class":108},[94,82681,914],{"class":913},[94,82683,149],{"class":108},[94,82685,902],{"class":152},[94,82687,921],{"class":108},[94,82689,82690,82692,82694,82696,82698],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,82691,6289],{"class":4221},[94,82693,6292],{"class":100},[94,82695,4228],{"class":4221},[94,82697,364],{"class":100},[94,82699,6726],{"class":108},[94,82701,82702,82704,82706,82708],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,82703,8404],{"class":145},[94,82705,149],{"class":108},[94,82707,23642],{"class":152},[94,82709,316],{"class":108},[24,82711,12997],{},[28,82713,82714,82719,82724,82730],{},[31,82715,82716,82718],{},[15,82717,33358],{}," shows that you have a map object",[31,82720,82721,82723],{},[15,82722,33366],{}," shows the actual mapped values",[31,82725,82726,82729],{},[15,82727,82728],{},"print(type(result))"," confirms the result type",[31,82731,82732,82733,82735],{},"looping over ",[15,82734,902],{}," lets you inspect items one by one",[24,82737,82738,82739,82742,82743,82745],{},"Be careful: ",[15,82740,82741],{},"list(result)"," and a ",[15,82744,6289],{}," loop consume the map object.",[80,82747,2160],{"id":2159},[265,82749,13029,82751,82753],{"id":82750},"does-map-return-a-list-in-python",[15,82752,40047],{}," return a list in Python?",[24,82755,82756,82757,82759,82760,24270],{},"No. In Python 3, ",[15,82758,40047],{}," returns a map object. Use ",[15,82761,82762],{},"list(map(...))",[265,82764,15230,82766,82768,82769,82771],{"id":82765},"is-map-better-than-a-for-loop",[15,82767,40047],{}," better than a ",[15,82770,6289],{}," loop?",[24,82773,82774,82775,82777,82778,82780],{},"Not always. ",[15,82776,40047],{}," is shorter for simple transformations, but a ",[15,82779,6289],{}," loop can be easier to read.",[265,82782,2191,82784,82786],{"id":82783},"can-map-use-more-than-one-list",[15,82785,40047],{}," use more than one list?",[24,82788,82789],{},"Yes. Pass multiple iterables, and use a function that accepts one argument for each iterable.",[265,82791,82793],{"id":82792},"why-is-my-map-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my map object empty the second time?",[24,82795,82796],{},"A map object is consumed as you iterate over it. Create a new one if you need to use it again.",[80,82798,2232],{"id":2231},[28,82800,82801,82807,82813,82817,82821],{},[31,82802,82803],{},[434,82804,13,82805,439],{"href":40415},[15,82806,37905],{},[31,82808,82809],{},[434,82810,13,82811,439],{"href":65171},[15,82812,25112],{},[31,82814,82815],{},[434,82816,5556],{"href":5469},[31,82818,82819],{},[434,82820,5561],{"href":4735},[31,82822,82823],{},[434,82824,5551],{"href":5473},[2260,82826,82827],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":90,"searchDepth":130,"depth":130,"links":82829},[82830,82831,82833,82834,82835,82837,82842,82849,82851,82858,82859,82868],{"id":2360,"depth":130,"text":2361},{"id":80406,"depth":130,"text":82832},"What map() does",{"id":2513,"depth":130,"text":2514},{"id":11804,"depth":130,"text":11805},{"id":80725,"depth":130,"text":82836},"Using map() with your own function",{"id":80909,"depth":130,"text":82838,"children":82839},"Using map() with multiple iterables",[82840],{"id":81097,"depth":137,"text":82841},"map() stops at the shortest iterable",{"id":81254,"depth":130,"text":82843,"children":82844},"map() returns an iterator-like object",[82845,82847,82848],{"id":81272,"depth":137,"text":82846},"Why print(result) looks strange",{"id":81463,"depth":137,"text":81464},{"id":81555,"depth":137,"text":81556},{"id":81816,"depth":130,"text":82850},"When to use map()",{"id":4861,"depth":130,"text":4862,"children":82852},[82853,82855,82856,82857],{"id":82125,"depth":137,"text":82854},"1. Forgetting to convert the result to list()",{"id":82214,"depth":137,"text":82215},{"id":82335,"depth":137,"text":82336},{"id":82554,"depth":137,"text":82555},{"id":68218,"depth":130,"text":68219},{"id":2159,"depth":130,"text":2160,"children":82860},[82861,82863,82865,82867],{"id":82750,"depth":137,"text":82862},"Does map() return a list in Python?",{"id":82765,"depth":137,"text":82864},"Is map() better than a for loop?",{"id":82783,"depth":137,"text":82866},"Can map() use more than one list?",{"id":82792,"depth":137,"text":82793},{"id":2231,"depth":130,"text":2232},"Master python map function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained",{"title":80238,"description":82869},"reference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained","4MI2YLPo_ZE_nkJe3whDWQ5FDq18dCJHZg2kU_VJhkQ",{"id":82876,"title":82877,"body":82878,"description":84896,"extension":2319,"meta":84897,"navigation":133,"path":84898,"seo":84899,"stem":84900,"__hash__":84901},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained.md","Python max() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":82879,"toc":84854},[82880,82886,82891,82894,82902,82905,82907,83031,83033,83051,83053,83073,83078,83082,83096,83099,83102,83104,83109,83221,83224,83242,83248,83251,83313,83315,83324,83327,83341,83343,83391,83393,83402,83412,83418,83421,83448,83450,83458,83461,83464,83534,83536,83544,83547,83552,83557,83608,83610,83618,83621,83623,83640,83642,83693,83696,83702,83706,83711,83714,83718,83777,83779,83788,83794,83803,83807,83870,83872,83880,83885,83889,83894,83974,83976,83985,83992,83997,84002,84005,84040,84042,84050,84053,84059,84061,84111,84113,84122,84125,84143,84145,84150,84156,84163,84190,84192,84215,84220,84255,84260,84266,84271,84314,84317,84320,84359,84366,84372,84377,84392,84396,84403,84406,84410,84415,84419,84424,84426,84487,84489,84518,84523,84530,84539,84541,84544,84569,84571,84674,84676,84694,84703,84705,84710,84713,84719,84722,84724,84734,84740,84744,84802,84809,84817,84819,84851],[10,82881,13,82883,3930],{"id":82882},"python-max-function-explained",[15,82884,82885],{},"max()",[24,82887,9456,82888,82890],{},[15,82889,82885],{}," function returns the largest item.",[24,82892,82893],{},"You can use it in two main ways:",[28,82895,82896,82899],{},[31,82897,82898],{},"To get the largest item from an iterable like a list or tuple",[31,82900,82901],{},"To compare two or more separate values",[24,82903,82904],{},"This is useful when you want the highest number, the alphabetically largest string, or the biggest item based on a custom rule.",[80,82906,2361],{"id":2360},[85,82908,82910],{"className":87,"code":82909,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\nprint(max(numbers))\n\nprint(max(3, 8, 2, 5))\n\nwords = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,82911,82912,82936,82951,82955,82981,82985,83017],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,82913,82914,82916,82918,82920,82922,82924,82926,82928,82930,82932,82934],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,82915,101],{"class":100},[94,82917,105],{"class":104},[94,82919,109],{"class":108},[94,82921,113],{"class":112},[94,82923,116],{"class":108},[94,82925,6692],{"class":112},[94,82927,116],{"class":108},[94,82929,124],{"class":112},[94,82931,116],{"class":108},[94,82933,772],{"class":112},[94,82935,127],{"class":108},[94,82937,82938,82940,82942,82945,82947,82949],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,82939,326],{"class":145},[94,82941,149],{"class":108},[94,82943,82944],{"class":145},"max",[94,82946,149],{"class":108},[94,82948,153],{"class":152},[94,82950,921],{"class":108},[94,82952,82953],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,82954,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,82956,82957,82959,82961,82963,82965,82967,82969,82971,82973,82975,82977,82979],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,82958,326],{"class":145},[94,82960,149],{"class":108},[94,82962,82944],{"class":145},[94,82964,149],{"class":108},[94,82966,113],{"class":112},[94,82968,116],{"class":108},[94,82970,6692],{"class":112},[94,82972,116],{"class":108},[94,82974,124],{"class":112},[94,82976,116],{"class":108},[94,82978,772],{"class":112},[94,82980,921],{"class":108},[94,82982,82983],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,82984,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,82986,82987,82989,82991,82993,82995,82997,82999,83001,83003,83005,83007,83009,83011,83013,83015],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,82988,1314],{"class":100},[94,82990,105],{"class":104},[94,82992,109],{"class":108},[94,82994,332],{"class":331},[94,82996,1332],{"class":335},[94,82998,332],{"class":331},[94,83000,116],{"class":108},[94,83002,1040],{"class":331},[94,83004,4432],{"class":335},[94,83006,332],{"class":331},[94,83008,116],{"class":108},[94,83010,1040],{"class":331},[94,83012,79054],{"class":335},[94,83014,332],{"class":331},[94,83016,127],{"class":108},[94,83018,83019,83021,83023,83025,83027,83029],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,83020,326],{"class":145},[94,83022,149],{"class":108},[94,83024,82944],{"class":145},[94,83026,149],{"class":108},[94,83028,1362],{"class":152},[94,83030,921],{"class":108},[24,83032,371],{},[85,83034,83036],{"className":87,"code":83035,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"8\n8\npear\n",[15,83037,83038,83042,83046],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,83039,83040],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,83041,2739],{"class":112},[94,83043,83044],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,83045,2739],{"class":112},[94,83047,83048],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,83049,83050],{"class":100},"pear\n",[24,83052,20288],{},[28,83054,83055,83061,83067],{},[31,83056,83057,83060],{},[15,83058,83059],{},"max(numbers)"," uses the iterable form",[31,83062,83063,83066],{},[15,83064,83065],{},"max(3, 8, 2, 5)"," uses separate arguments",[31,83068,83069,83072],{},[15,83070,83071],{},"max(words)"," compares strings alphabetically",[80,83074,215,83076,218],{"id":83075},"what-max-does",[15,83077,82885],{},[24,83079,83080,384],{},[15,83081,82885],{},[28,83083,83084,83087,83090,83093],{},[31,83085,83086],{},"Returns the largest item",[31,83088,83089],{},"Works with a list, tuple, string, set, or other iterable",[31,83091,83092],{},"Also works with two or more separate values",[31,83094,83095],{},"Compares items using Python’s normal ordering rules",[24,83097,83098],{},"For numbers, “largest” means the highest value.",[24,83100,83101],{},"For strings, “largest” means the item that comes last in alphabetical order.",[80,83103,2514],{"id":2513},[24,83105,83106,83107,384],{},"Here are the main forms of ",[15,83108,82885],{},[85,83110,83112],{"className":87,"code":83111,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"max(iterable)\nmax(iterable, *, key=func)\nmax(iterable, *, default=value)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args, key=func)\n",[15,83113,83114,83124,83148,83170,83193],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,83115,83116,83118,83120,83122],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,83117,82944],{"class":145},[94,83119,149],{"class":108},[94,83121,4065],{"class":152},[94,83123,316],{"class":108},[94,83125,83126,83128,83130,83132,83134,83137,83139,83141,83143,83146],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,83127,82944],{"class":145},[94,83129,149],{"class":108},[94,83131,4065],{"class":152},[94,83133,116],{"class":108},[94,83135,83136],{"class":104}," *",[94,83138,116],{"class":108},[94,83140,1367],{"class":1218},[94,83142,105],{"class":104},[94,83144,83145],{"class":152},"func",[94,83147,316],{"class":108},[94,83149,83150,83152,83154,83156,83158,83160,83162,83164,83166,83168],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,83151,82944],{"class":145},[94,83153,149],{"class":108},[94,83155,4065],{"class":152},[94,83157,116],{"class":108},[94,83159,83136],{"class":104},[94,83161,116],{"class":108},[94,83163,26854],{"class":1218},[94,83165,105],{"class":104},[94,83167,2829],{"class":152},[94,83169,316],{"class":108},[94,83171,83172,83174,83176,83179,83181,83184,83186,83188,83191],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,83173,82944],{"class":145},[94,83175,149],{"class":108},[94,83177,83178],{"class":152},"arg1",[94,83180,116],{"class":108},[94,83182,83183],{"class":152}," arg2",[94,83185,116],{"class":108},[94,83187,83136],{"class":104},[94,83189,83190],{"class":152},"args",[94,83192,316],{"class":108},[94,83194,83195,83197,83199,83201,83203,83205,83207,83209,83211,83213,83215,83217,83219],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,83196,82944],{"class":145},[94,83198,149],{"class":108},[94,83200,83178],{"class":152},[94,83202,116],{"class":108},[94,83204,83183],{"class":152},[94,83206,116],{"class":108},[94,83208,83136],{"class":104},[94,83210,83190],{"class":152},[94,83212,116],{"class":108},[94,83214,1367],{"class":1218},[94,83216,105],{"class":104},[94,83218,83145],{"class":152},[94,83220,316],{"class":108},[24,83222,83223],{},"The most important parts are:",[28,83225,83226,83231,83236],{},[31,83227,83228,83230],{},[15,83229,4065],{},": a collection like a list, tuple, or string",[31,83232,83233,83235],{},[15,83234,1142],{},": a function that tells Python how to compare items",[31,83237,83238,83241],{},[15,83239,83240],{},"default",": a value to return if the iterable is empty",[80,83243,1484,83245,83247],{"id":83244},"using-max-with-a-list-of-numbers",[15,83246,82885],{}," with a list of numbers",[24,83249,83250],{},"This is the most common beginner use case.",[85,83252,83254],{"className":87,"code":83253,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"scores = [72, 91, 85, 66]\nhighest_score = max(scores)\n\nprint(highest_score)\n",[15,83255,83256,83282,83298,83302],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,83257,83258,83260,83262,83264,83267,83269,83271,83273,83275,83277,83280],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,83259,5401],{"class":100},[94,83261,105],{"class":104},[94,83263,109],{"class":108},[94,83265,83266],{"class":112},"72",[94,83268,116],{"class":108},[94,83270,51839],{"class":112},[94,83272,116],{"class":108},[94,83274,13834],{"class":112},[94,83276,116],{"class":108},[94,83278,83279],{"class":112}," 66",[94,83281,127],{"class":108},[94,83283,83284,83287,83289,83292,83294,83296],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,83285,83286],{"class":100},"highest_score ",[94,83288,105],{"class":104},[94,83290,83291],{"class":145}," max",[94,83293,149],{"class":108},[94,83295,16717],{"class":152},[94,83297,316],{"class":108},[94,83299,83300],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,83301,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,83303,83304,83306,83308,83311],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,83305,326],{"class":145},[94,83307,149],{"class":108},[94,83309,83310],{"class":152},"highest_score",[94,83312,316],{"class":108},[24,83314,371],{},[85,83316,83318],{"className":87,"code":83317,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"91\n",[15,83319,83320],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,83321,83322],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,83323,83317],{"class":112},[24,83325,83326],{},"This works well for:",[28,83328,83329,83332,83335,83338],{},[31,83330,83331],{},"Scores",[31,83333,83334],{},"Prices",[31,83336,83337],{},"Ages",[31,83339,83340],{},"Counts",[24,83342,52409],{},[85,83344,83346],{"className":87,"code":83345,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"prices = [19.99, 5.50, 12.75, 29.00]\nprint(max(prices))\n",[15,83347,83348,83376],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,83349,83350,83353,83355,83357,83359,83361,83364,83366,83369,83371,83374],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,83351,83352],{"class":100},"prices ",[94,83354,105],{"class":104},[94,83356,109],{"class":108},[94,83358,40728],{"class":112},[94,83360,116],{"class":108},[94,83362,83363],{"class":112}," 5.50",[94,83365,116],{"class":108},[94,83367,83368],{"class":112}," 12.75",[94,83370,116],{"class":108},[94,83372,83373],{"class":112}," 29.00",[94,83375,127],{"class":108},[94,83377,83378,83380,83382,83384,83386,83389],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,83379,326],{"class":145},[94,83381,149],{"class":108},[94,83383,82944],{"class":145},[94,83385,149],{"class":108},[94,83387,83388],{"class":152},"prices",[94,83390,921],{"class":108},[24,83392,371],{},[85,83394,83396],{"className":87,"code":83395,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"29.0\n",[15,83397,83398],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,83399,83400],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,83401,83395],{"class":112},[24,83403,83404,83405,83407,83408,168],{},"If you only need the largest value, ",[15,83406,82885],{}," is simpler than ",[434,83409,83410],{"href":436},[15,83411,17],{},[80,83413,1484,83415,83417],{"id":83414},"using-max-with-separate-values",[15,83416,82885],{}," with separate values",[24,83419,83420],{},"You do not always need a list. You can pass values directly.",[85,83422,83424],{"className":87,"code":83423,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(max(4, 12, 7))\n",[15,83425,83426],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,83427,83428,83430,83432,83434,83436,83438,83440,83442,83444,83446],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,83429,326],{"class":145},[94,83431,149],{"class":108},[94,83433,82944],{"class":145},[94,83435,149],{"class":108},[94,83437,857],{"class":112},[94,83439,116],{"class":108},[94,83441,31274],{"class":112},[94,83443,116],{"class":108},[94,83445,6325],{"class":112},[94,83447,921],{"class":108},[24,83449,371],{},[85,83451,83452],{"className":87,"code":2584,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,83453,83454],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,83455,83456],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,83457,2584],{"class":112},[24,83459,83460],{},"This is useful for quick comparisons.",[24,83462,83463],{},"For example, comparing three numbers entered by a user:",[85,83465,83467],{"className":87,"code":83466,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"a = 15\nb = 42\nc = 27\n\nlargest = max(a, b, c)\nprint(largest)\n",[15,83468,83469,83478,83486,83496,83500,83523],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,83470,83471,83473,83475],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,83472,635],{"class":100},[94,83474,105],{"class":104},[94,83476,83477],{"class":112}," 15\n",[94,83479,83480,83482,83484],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,83481,2937],{"class":100},[94,83483,105],{"class":104},[94,83485,3124],{"class":112},[94,83487,83488,83491,83493],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,83489,83490],{"class":100},"c ",[94,83492,105],{"class":104},[94,83494,83495],{"class":112}," 27\n",[94,83497,83498],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,83499,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,83501,83502,83505,83507,83509,83511,83513,83515,83517,83519,83521],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,83503,83504],{"class":100},"largest ",[94,83506,105],{"class":104},[94,83508,83291],{"class":145},[94,83510,149],{"class":108},[94,83512,434],{"class":152},[94,83514,116],{"class":108},[94,83516,2914],{"class":152},[94,83518,116],{"class":108},[94,83520,10014],{"class":152},[94,83522,316],{"class":108},[94,83524,83525,83527,83529,83532],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,83526,326],{"class":145},[94,83528,149],{"class":108},[94,83530,83531],{"class":152},"largest",[94,83533,316],{"class":108},[24,83535,371],{},[85,83537,83538],{"className":87,"code":46943,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,83539,83540],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,83541,83542],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,83543,46943],{"class":112},[24,83545,83546],{},"Use this form when you already have separate values and do not need to store them in a list first.",[80,83548,1484,83550,47390],{"id":83549},"using-max-with-strings",[15,83551,82885],{},[24,83553,83554,83556],{},[15,83555,82885],{}," can compare strings too.",[85,83558,83560],{"className":87,"code":83559,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,83561,83562,83594],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,83563,83564,83566,83568,83570,83572,83574,83576,83578,83580,83582,83584,83586,83588,83590,83592],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,83565,1314],{"class":100},[94,83567,105],{"class":104},[94,83569,109],{"class":108},[94,83571,332],{"class":331},[94,83573,1332],{"class":335},[94,83575,332],{"class":331},[94,83577,116],{"class":108},[94,83579,1040],{"class":331},[94,83581,4432],{"class":335},[94,83583,332],{"class":331},[94,83585,116],{"class":108},[94,83587,1040],{"class":331},[94,83589,79054],{"class":335},[94,83591,332],{"class":331},[94,83593,127],{"class":108},[94,83595,83596,83598,83600,83602,83604,83606],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,83597,326],{"class":145},[94,83599,149],{"class":108},[94,83601,82944],{"class":145},[94,83603,149],{"class":108},[94,83605,1362],{"class":152},[94,83607,921],{"class":108},[24,83609,371],{},[85,83611,83612],{"className":87,"code":83050,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,83613,83614],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,83615,83616],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,83617,83050],{"class":100},[24,83619,83620],{},"This happens because strings are compared alphabetically.",[24,83622,68607],{},[28,83624,83625,83634,83637],{},[31,83626,83627,83630,83631,83633],{},[15,83628,83629],{},"\"pear\""," comes after ",[15,83632,65598],{}," alphabetically",[31,83635,83636],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters can change the result",[31,83638,83639],{},"Mixed text case can surprise beginners",[24,83641,2566],{},[85,83643,83645],{"className":87,"code":83644,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,83646,83647,83679],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,83648,83649,83651,83653,83655,83657,83659,83661,83663,83665,83667,83669,83671,83673,83675,83677],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,83650,1314],{"class":100},[94,83652,105],{"class":104},[94,83654,109],{"class":108},[94,83656,332],{"class":331},[94,83658,1332],{"class":335},[94,83660,332],{"class":331},[94,83662,116],{"class":108},[94,83664,1040],{"class":331},[94,83666,1323],{"class":335},[94,83668,332],{"class":331},[94,83670,116],{"class":108},[94,83672,1040],{"class":331},[94,83674,79054],{"class":335},[94,83676,332],{"class":331},[94,83678,127],{"class":108},[94,83680,83681,83683,83685,83687,83689,83691],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,83682,326],{"class":145},[94,83684,149],{"class":108},[94,83686,82944],{"class":145},[94,83688,149],{"class":108},[94,83690,1362],{"class":152},[94,83692,921],{"class":108},[24,83694,83695],{},"The result may not be what you expect because uppercase letters are compared differently from lowercase letters.",[24,83697,83698,83699,83701],{},"You can fix that with the ",[15,83700,1142],{}," argument, which is explained below.",[80,83703,36941,83704,36944],{"id":79012},[15,83705,1142],{},[24,83707,2336,83708,83710],{},[15,83709,1142],{}," argument lets you control how items are compared.",[24,83712,83713],{},"This is very useful when the “largest” item is not simply the normal largest value.",[265,83715,83717],{"id":83716},"find-the-longest-word","Find the longest word",[85,83719,83721],{"className":87,"code":83720,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(max(words, key=len))\n",[15,83722,83723,83755],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,83724,83725,83727,83729,83731,83733,83735,83737,83739,83741,83743,83745,83747,83749,83751,83753],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,83726,1314],{"class":100},[94,83728,105],{"class":104},[94,83730,109],{"class":108},[94,83732,332],{"class":331},[94,83734,37376],{"class":335},[94,83736,332],{"class":331},[94,83738,116],{"class":108},[94,83740,1040],{"class":331},[94,83742,68650],{"class":335},[94,83744,332],{"class":331},[94,83746,116],{"class":108},[94,83748,1040],{"class":331},[94,83750,58451],{"class":335},[94,83752,332],{"class":331},[94,83754,127],{"class":108},[94,83756,83757,83759,83761,83763,83765,83767,83769,83771,83773,83775],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,83758,326],{"class":145},[94,83760,149],{"class":108},[94,83762,82944],{"class":145},[94,83764,149],{"class":108},[94,83766,1362],{"class":152},[94,83768,116],{"class":108},[94,83770,1367],{"class":1218},[94,83772,105],{"class":104},[94,83774,11490],{"class":145},[94,83776,921],{"class":108},[24,83778,371],{},[85,83780,83782],{"className":87,"code":83781,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"elephant\n",[15,83783,83784],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,83785,83786],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,83787,83781],{"class":100},[24,83789,21102,83790,83793],{},[15,83791,83792],{},"key=len"," tells Python to compare the lengths of the strings instead of the strings themselves.",[24,83795,83796,83797,33959,83799,168],{},"If you are new to ",[15,83798,42691],{},[434,83800,83801,6114],{"href":42688},[15,83802,42691],{},[265,83804,83806],{"id":83805},"compare-strings-without-caring-about-uppercase-or-lowercase","Compare strings without caring about uppercase or lowercase",[85,83808,83810],{"className":87,"code":83809,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,83811,83812,83844],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,83813,83814,83816,83818,83820,83822,83824,83826,83828,83830,83832,83834,83836,83838,83840,83842],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,83815,1314],{"class":100},[94,83817,105],{"class":104},[94,83819,109],{"class":108},[94,83821,332],{"class":331},[94,83823,1332],{"class":335},[94,83825,332],{"class":331},[94,83827,116],{"class":108},[94,83829,1040],{"class":331},[94,83831,1323],{"class":335},[94,83833,332],{"class":331},[94,83835,116],{"class":108},[94,83837,1040],{"class":331},[94,83839,79054],{"class":335},[94,83841,332],{"class":331},[94,83843,127],{"class":108},[94,83845,83846,83848,83850,83852,83854,83856,83858,83860,83862,83864,83866,83868],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,83847,326],{"class":145},[94,83849,149],{"class":108},[94,83851,82944],{"class":145},[94,83853,149],{"class":108},[94,83855,1362],{"class":152},[94,83857,116],{"class":108},[94,83859,1367],{"class":1218},[94,83861,105],{"class":104},[94,83863,1372],{"class":913},[94,83865,168],{"class":108},[94,83867,1378],{"class":1377},[94,83869,921],{"class":108},[24,83871,371],{},[85,83873,83874],{"className":87,"code":83050,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,83875,83876],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,83877,83878],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,83879,83050],{"class":100},[24,83881,21102,83882,83884],{},[15,83883,79008],{}," converts each string to lowercase for comparison.",[265,83886,83888],{"id":83887},"use-a-lambda-function","Use a lambda function",[24,83890,83891,83892,384],{},"You can also use a small custom function with ",[15,83893,37989],{},[85,83895,83897],{"className":87,"code":83896,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"items = [\"a\", \"bb\", \"cccc\", \"ddd\"]\nprint(max(items, key=lambda text: len(text)))\n",[15,83898,83899,83942],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,83900,83901,83903,83905,83907,83909,83911,83913,83915,83917,83920,83922,83924,83926,83929,83931,83933,83935,83938,83940],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,83902,8113],{"class":100},[94,83904,105],{"class":104},[94,83906,109],{"class":108},[94,83908,332],{"class":331},[94,83910,434],{"class":335},[94,83912,332],{"class":331},[94,83914,116],{"class":108},[94,83916,1040],{"class":331},[94,83918,83919],{"class":335},"bb",[94,83921,332],{"class":331},[94,83923,116],{"class":108},[94,83925,1040],{"class":331},[94,83927,83928],{"class":335},"cccc",[94,83930,332],{"class":331},[94,83932,116],{"class":108},[94,83934,1040],{"class":331},[94,83936,83937],{"class":335},"ddd",[94,83939,332],{"class":331},[94,83941,127],{"class":108},[94,83943,83944,83946,83948,83950,83952,83954,83956,83958,83960,83962,83964,83966,83968,83970,83972],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,83945,326],{"class":145},[94,83947,149],{"class":108},[94,83949,82944],{"class":145},[94,83951,149],{"class":108},[94,83953,8144],{"class":152},[94,83955,116],{"class":108},[94,83957,1367],{"class":1218},[94,83959,105],{"class":104},[94,83961,37989],{"class":958},[94,83963,43172],{"class":37992},[94,83965,384],{"class":108},[94,83967,38716],{"class":145},[94,83969,149],{"class":108},[94,83971,1817],{"class":152},[94,83973,3268],{"class":108},[24,83975,371],{},[85,83977,83979],{"className":87,"code":83978,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"cccc\n",[15,83980,83981],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,83982,83983],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,83984,83978],{"class":100},[24,83986,49881,83987,1139,83989,83991],{},[15,83988,83792],{},[15,83990,1487],{}," are the most useful examples to remember.",[80,83993,36941,83995,36944],{"id":83994},"using-the-default-argument",[15,83996,83240],{},[24,83998,2336,83999,84001],{},[15,84000,83240],{}," argument only works with the iterable form.",[24,84003,84004],{},"It prevents an error when the iterable is empty.",[85,84006,84008],{"className":87,"code":84007,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,84009,84010,84018],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,84011,84012,84014,84016],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,84013,101],{"class":100},[94,84015,105],{"class":104},[94,84017,8173],{"class":108},[94,84019,84020,84022,84024,84026,84028,84030,84032,84034,84036,84038],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,84021,326],{"class":145},[94,84023,149],{"class":108},[94,84025,82944],{"class":145},[94,84027,149],{"class":108},[94,84029,153],{"class":152},[94,84031,116],{"class":108},[94,84033,26854],{"class":1218},[94,84035,105],{"class":104},[94,84037,2476],{"class":112},[94,84039,921],{"class":108},[24,84041,371],{},[85,84043,84044],{"className":87,"code":47583,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,84045,84046],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,84047,84048],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,84049,47583],{"class":112},[24,84051,84052],{},"This is helpful when a list may have no items.",[24,84054,84055,84056,84058],{},"Without ",[15,84057,83240],{},", this would raise an error.",[24,84060,52409],{},[85,84062,84064],{"className":87,"code":84063,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"words = []\nresult = max(words, default=\"no words found\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,84065,84066,84074,84101],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,84067,84068,84070,84072],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,84069,1314],{"class":100},[94,84071,105],{"class":104},[94,84073,8173],{"class":108},[94,84075,84076,84078,84080,84082,84084,84086,84088,84090,84092,84094,84097,84099],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,84077,305],{"class":100},[94,84079,105],{"class":104},[94,84081,83291],{"class":145},[94,84083,149],{"class":108},[94,84085,1362],{"class":152},[94,84087,116],{"class":108},[94,84089,26854],{"class":1218},[94,84091,105],{"class":104},[94,84093,332],{"class":331},[94,84095,84096],{"class":335},"no words found",[94,84098,332],{"class":331},[94,84100,316],{"class":108},[94,84102,84103,84105,84107,84109],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,84104,326],{"class":145},[94,84106,149],{"class":108},[94,84108,902],{"class":152},[94,84110,316],{"class":108},[24,84112,371],{},[85,84114,84116],{"className":87,"code":84115,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"no words found\n",[15,84117,84118],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,84119,84120],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,84121,84115],{"class":100},[24,84123,84124],{},"Important:",[28,84126,84127,84135],{},[31,84128,84129,84131,84132],{},[15,84130,83240],{}," works with ",[15,84133,84134],{},"max(iterable, default=value)",[31,84136,41236,84137,84139,84140],{},[43,84138,45],{}," work with multiple separate arguments like ",[15,84141,84142],{},"max(1, 2, 3, default=0)",[80,84144,48318],{"id":48317},[24,84146,84147,84148,168],{},"There are a few common errors when using ",[15,84149,82885],{},[265,84151,84153,84155],{"id":84152},"valueerror-with-an-empty-iterable",[15,84154,41034],{}," with an empty iterable",[24,84157,84158,84159,46240,84161,168],{},"If the iterable is empty and you do not provide ",[15,84160,83240],{},[15,84162,41034],{},[85,84164,84166],{"className":87,"code":84165,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers))\n",[15,84167,84168,84176],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,84169,84170,84172,84174],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,84171,101],{"class":100},[94,84173,105],{"class":104},[94,84175,8173],{"class":108},[94,84177,84178,84180,84182,84184,84186,84188],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,84179,326],{"class":145},[94,84181,149],{"class":108},[94,84183,82944],{"class":145},[94,84185,149],{"class":108},[94,84187,153],{"class":152},[94,84189,921],{"class":108},[24,84191,30011],{},[85,84193,84195],{"className":87,"code":84194,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"ValueError: max() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,84196,84197],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,84198,84199,84201,84203,84205,84207,84210,84212],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,84200,41034],{"class":913},[94,84202,384],{"class":108},[94,84204,83291],{"class":145},[94,84206,174],{"class":108},[94,84208,84209],{"class":100}," arg ",[94,84211,12519],{"class":104},[94,84213,84214],{"class":100}," an empty sequence\n",[24,84216,84217,84218,384],{},"Fix it by using ",[15,84219,83240],{},[85,84221,84223],{"className":87,"code":84222,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,84224,84225,84233],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,84226,84227,84229,84231],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,84228,101],{"class":100},[94,84230,105],{"class":104},[94,84232,8173],{"class":108},[94,84234,84235,84237,84239,84241,84243,84245,84247,84249,84251,84253],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,84236,326],{"class":145},[94,84238,149],{"class":108},[94,84240,82944],{"class":145},[94,84242,149],{"class":108},[94,84244,153],{"class":152},[94,84246,116],{"class":108},[94,84248,26854],{"class":1218},[94,84250,105],{"class":104},[94,84252,77],{"class":1224},[94,84254,921],{"class":108},[24,84256,84257,84258,168],{},"If you need more help with this kind of problem, see ",[434,84259,66163],{"href":73202},[265,84261,84263,84265],{"id":84262},"typeerror-when-items-cannot-be-compared",[15,84264,3361],{}," when items cannot be compared",[24,84267,84268,84269,168],{},"If Python cannot compare the items, you get a ",[15,84270,3361],{},[85,84272,84274],{"className":87,"code":84273,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"items = [10, \"20\", 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,84275,84276,84300],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,84277,84278,84280,84282,84284,84286,84288,84290,84292,84294,84296,84298],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,84279,8113],{"class":100},[94,84281,105],{"class":104},[94,84283,109],{"class":108},[94,84285,2688],{"class":112},[94,84287,116],{"class":108},[94,84289,1040],{"class":331},[94,84291,16082],{"class":335},[94,84293,332],{"class":331},[94,84295,116],{"class":108},[94,84297,8129],{"class":112},[94,84299,127],{"class":108},[94,84301,84302,84304,84306,84308,84310,84312],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,84303,326],{"class":145},[94,84305,149],{"class":108},[94,84307,82944],{"class":145},[94,84309,149],{"class":108},[94,84311,8144],{"class":152},[94,84313,921],{"class":108},[24,84315,84316],{},"This fails because integers and strings are different types and cannot be compared normally.",[24,84318,84319],{},"Fix it by making the items the same type:",[85,84321,84323],{"className":87,"code":84322,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,84324,84325,84345],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,84326,84327,84329,84331,84333,84335,84337,84339,84341,84343],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,84328,8113],{"class":100},[94,84330,105],{"class":104},[94,84332,109],{"class":108},[94,84334,2688],{"class":112},[94,84336,116],{"class":108},[94,84338,8124],{"class":112},[94,84340,116],{"class":108},[94,84342,8129],{"class":112},[94,84344,127],{"class":108},[94,84346,84347,84349,84351,84353,84355,84357],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,84348,326],{"class":145},[94,84350,149],{"class":108},[94,84352,82944],{"class":145},[94,84354,149],{"class":108},[94,84356,8144],{"class":152},[94,84358,921],{"class":108},[24,84360,84361,84362,168],{},"If you are debugging this kind of issue, see ",[434,84363,84365],{"href":84364},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained","TypeError in Python: causes and fixes",[265,84367,84369,84371],{"id":84368},"typeerror-when-called-with-no-arguments",[15,84370,3361],{}," when called with no arguments",[24,84373,84374,84376],{},[15,84375,82885],{}," needs at least one iterable or at least two values.",[85,84378,84380],{"className":87,"code":84379,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(max())\n",[15,84381,84382],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,84383,84384,84386,84388,84390],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,84385,326],{"class":145},[94,84387,149],{"class":108},[94,84389,82944],{"class":145},[94,84391,7527],{"class":108},[24,84393,3358,84394,168],{},[15,84395,3361],{},[80,84397,84399,18,84401],{"id":84398},"max-vs-sorted",[15,84400,82885],{},[15,84402,17],{},[24,84404,84405],{},"These two functions are related, but they do different things.",[24,84407,84408,384],{},[15,84409,82885],{},[28,84411,84412],{},[31,84413,84414],{},"Returns one largest item",[24,84416,84417,384],{},[15,84418,17],{},[28,84420,84421],{},[31,84422,84423],{},"Returns a new sorted list of all items",[24,84425,2566],{},[85,84427,84429],{"className":87,"code":84428,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\n\nprint(max(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,84430,84431,84455,84459,84473],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,84432,84433,84435,84437,84439,84441,84443,84445,84447,84449,84451,84453],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,84434,101],{"class":100},[94,84436,105],{"class":104},[94,84438,109],{"class":108},[94,84440,113],{"class":112},[94,84442,116],{"class":108},[94,84444,6692],{"class":112},[94,84446,116],{"class":108},[94,84448,124],{"class":112},[94,84450,116],{"class":108},[94,84452,772],{"class":112},[94,84454,127],{"class":108},[94,84456,84457],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,84458,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,84460,84461,84463,84465,84467,84469,84471],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,84462,326],{"class":145},[94,84464,149],{"class":108},[94,84466,82944],{"class":145},[94,84468,149],{"class":108},[94,84470,153],{"class":152},[94,84472,921],{"class":108},[94,84474,84475,84477,84479,84481,84483,84485],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,84476,326],{"class":145},[94,84478,149],{"class":108},[94,84480,403],{"class":145},[94,84482,149],{"class":108},[94,84484,153],{"class":152},[94,84486,921],{"class":108},[24,84488,371],{},[85,84490,84492],{"className":87,"code":84491,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"8\n[2, 3, 5, 8]\n",[15,84493,84494,84498],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,84495,84496],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,84497,2739],{"class":112},[94,84499,84500,84502,84504,84506,84508,84510,84512,84514,84516],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,84501,539],{"class":108},[94,84503,763],{"class":112},[94,84505,116],{"class":108},[94,84507,421],{"class":112},[94,84509,116],{"class":108},[94,84511,772],{"class":112},[94,84513,116],{"class":108},[94,84515,6692],{"class":112},[94,84517,127],{"class":108},[24,84519,54,84520,84522],{},[15,84521,82885],{}," when you only need the largest value.",[24,84524,54,84525,84529],{},[434,84526,84527],{"href":436},[15,84528,17],{}," when you need all items in order.",[24,84531,84532,84533,168],{},"If you want the smallest item instead, compare this with ",[434,84534,84536],{"href":84535},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained\u002F",[15,84537,84538],{},"min()",[80,84540,3186],{"id":3185},[24,84542,84543],{},"Beginners often run into these problems:",[28,84545,84546,84553,84556,84561,84564],{},[31,84547,29980,84548,84550,84551],{},[15,84549,82885],{}," on an empty list without ",[15,84552,83240],{},[31,84554,84555],{},"Mixing incompatible types like integers and strings",[31,84557,8786,84558,84560],{},[15,84559,82885],{}," to return all large items instead of one item",[31,84562,84563],{},"Forgetting that strings are compared alphabetically",[31,84565,1484,84566,84568],{},[15,84567,83240],{}," with multiple separate arguments",[24,84570,11441],{},[85,84572,84574],{"className":87,"code":84573,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(items)\nprint(type(items))\nprint(len(items))\nprint(max(items))\nprint(max(items, default=None))\nprint([type(x) for x in items])\n",[15,84575,84576,84586,84600,84614,84628,84650],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,84577,84578,84580,84582,84584],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,84579,326],{"class":145},[94,84581,149],{"class":108},[94,84583,8144],{"class":152},[94,84585,316],{"class":108},[94,84587,84588,84590,84592,84594,84596,84598],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,84589,326],{"class":145},[94,84591,149],{"class":108},[94,84593,914],{"class":913},[94,84595,149],{"class":108},[94,84597,8144],{"class":152},[94,84599,921],{"class":108},[94,84601,84602,84604,84606,84608,84610,84612],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,84603,326],{"class":145},[94,84605,149],{"class":108},[94,84607,11490],{"class":145},[94,84609,149],{"class":108},[94,84611,8144],{"class":152},[94,84613,921],{"class":108},[94,84615,84616,84618,84620,84622,84624,84626],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,84617,326],{"class":145},[94,84619,149],{"class":108},[94,84621,82944],{"class":145},[94,84623,149],{"class":108},[94,84625,8144],{"class":152},[94,84627,921],{"class":108},[94,84629,84630,84632,84634,84636,84638,84640,84642,84644,84646,84648],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,84631,326],{"class":145},[94,84633,149],{"class":108},[94,84635,82944],{"class":145},[94,84637,149],{"class":108},[94,84639,8144],{"class":152},[94,84641,116],{"class":108},[94,84643,26854],{"class":1218},[94,84645,105],{"class":104},[94,84647,77],{"class":1224},[94,84649,921],{"class":108},[94,84651,84652,84654,84656,84658,84660,84662,84664,84666,84668,84670,84672],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,84653,326],{"class":145},[94,84655,3342],{"class":108},[94,84657,914],{"class":913},[94,84659,149],{"class":108},[94,84661,2531],{"class":152},[94,84663,156],{"class":108},[94,84665,4222],{"class":4221},[94,84667,4225],{"class":152},[94,84669,4228],{"class":4221},[94,84671,6297],{"class":152},[94,84673,4234],{"class":108},[24,84675,2103],{},[28,84677,84678,84683,84688,84691],{},[31,84679,84680,84681],{},"What is actually inside ",[15,84682,8144],{},[31,84684,80058,84685,84687],{},[15,84686,8144],{}," is a list or some other type",[31,84689,84690],{},"Whether the iterable is empty",[31,84692,84693],{},"Whether all items have compatible types",[24,84695,69671,84696,84699,84700,84702],{},[15,84697,84698],{},"print(max(items))"," if ",[15,84701,8144],{}," might be empty or contain mixed types, because that line can also raise an error.",[80,84704,2160],{"id":2159},[265,84706,5479,84708,5482],{"id":84707},"what-does-max-return-in-python",[15,84709,82885],{},[24,84711,84712],{},"It returns the largest item from an iterable or the largest of two or more values.",[265,84714,2191,84716,84718],{"id":84715},"can-max-work-with-strings",[15,84717,82885],{}," work with strings?",[24,84720,84721],{},"Yes. It compares strings using alphabetical order, based on character values.",[265,84723,71970],{"id":71969},[24,84725,84726,52824,84728,84730,84731,84733],{},[15,84727,82885],{},[15,84729,41034],{}," unless you use the ",[15,84732,83240],{}," argument with the iterable form.",[265,84735,84737,84738,2170],{"id":84736},"how-do-i-get-the-longest-string-with-max","How do I get the longest string with ",[15,84739,82885],{},[24,84741,54,84742,384],{},[15,84743,83792],{},[85,84745,84746],{"className":87,"code":83720,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,84747,84748,84780],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,84749,84750,84752,84754,84756,84758,84760,84762,84764,84766,84768,84770,84772,84774,84776,84778],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,84751,1314],{"class":100},[94,84753,105],{"class":104},[94,84755,109],{"class":108},[94,84757,332],{"class":331},[94,84759,37376],{"class":335},[94,84761,332],{"class":331},[94,84763,116],{"class":108},[94,84765,1040],{"class":331},[94,84767,68650],{"class":335},[94,84769,332],{"class":331},[94,84771,116],{"class":108},[94,84773,1040],{"class":331},[94,84775,58451],{"class":335},[94,84777,332],{"class":331},[94,84779,127],{"class":108},[94,84781,84782,84784,84786,84788,84790,84792,84794,84796,84798,84800],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,84783,326],{"class":145},[94,84785,149],{"class":108},[94,84787,82944],{"class":145},[94,84789,149],{"class":108},[94,84791,1362],{"class":152},[94,84793,116],{"class":108},[94,84795,1367],{"class":1218},[94,84797,105],{"class":104},[94,84799,11490],{"class":145},[94,84801,921],{"class":108},[265,84803,5514,84805,1139,84807,2170],{"id":84804},"what-is-the-difference-between-max-and-sorted",[15,84806,82885],{},[15,84808,17],{},[24,84810,84811,84813,84814,84816],{},[15,84812,82885],{}," returns one largest item. ",[15,84815,17],{}," returns all items in order.",[80,84818,2232],{"id":2231},[28,84820,84821,84827,84833,84839,84843,84847],{},[31,84822,84823],{},[434,84824,84825,439],{"href":84535},[15,84826,84538],{},[31,84828,84829],{},[434,84830,84831,439],{"href":436},[15,84832,17],{},[31,84834,84835],{},[434,84836,84837,439],{"href":42688},[15,84838,42691],{},[31,84840,84841],{},[434,84842,59280],{"href":59279},[31,84844,84845],{},[434,84846,66163],{"href":73202},[31,84848,84849],{},[434,84850,84365],{"href":84364},[2260,84852,84853],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki 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.s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":90,"searchDepth":130,"depth":130,"links":84855},[84856,84857,84859,84860,84862,84864,84866,84871,84873,84881,84883,84884,84895],{"id":2360,"depth":130,"text":2361},{"id":83075,"depth":130,"text":84858},"What max() does",{"id":2513,"depth":130,"text":2514},{"id":83244,"depth":130,"text":84861},"Using max() with a list of numbers",{"id":83414,"depth":130,"text":84863},"Using max() with separate values",{"id":83549,"depth":130,"text":84865},"Using max() with strings",{"id":79012,"depth":130,"text":80205,"children":84867},[84868,84869,84870],{"id":83716,"depth":137,"text":83717},{"id":83805,"depth":137,"text":83806},{"id":83887,"depth":137,"text":83888},{"id":83994,"depth":130,"text":84872},"Using the default argument",{"id":48317,"depth":130,"text":48318,"children":84874},[84875,84877,84879],{"id":84152,"depth":137,"text":84876},"ValueError with an empty iterable",{"id":84262,"depth":137,"text":84878},"TypeError when items cannot be compared",{"id":84368,"depth":137,"text":84880},"TypeError when called with no arguments",{"id":84398,"depth":130,"text":84882},"max() vs sorted()",{"id":3185,"depth":130,"text":3186},{"id":2159,"depth":130,"text":2160,"children":84885},[84886,84888,84890,84891,84893],{"id":84707,"depth":137,"text":84887},"What does max() return in Python?",{"id":84715,"depth":137,"text":84889},"Can max() work with strings?",{"id":71969,"depth":137,"text":71970},{"id":84736,"depth":137,"text":84892},"How do I get the longest string with max()?",{"id":84804,"depth":137,"text":84894},"What is the difference between max() and sorted()?",{"id":2231,"depth":130,"text":2232},"Master python max function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained",{"title":82877,"description":84896},"reference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained","hvpxLEK57awlwmwmUnkeI93490TdK4SLeAU63KWEzvc",{"id":84903,"title":84904,"body":84905,"description":86859,"extension":2319,"meta":86860,"navigation":133,"path":86861,"seo":86862,"stem":86863,"__hash__":86864},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained.md","Python min() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":84906,"toc":86816},[84907,84912,84917,84923,84925,84999,85001,85014,85019,85024,85040,85044,85049,85125,85131,85134,85177,85179,85187,85193,85196,85227,85229,85237,85243,85248,85307,85309,85318,85321,85331,85337,85342,85377,85379,85387,85393,85399,85404,85448,85450,85459,85462,85502,85504,85513,85516,85528,85533,85538,85589,85591,85600,85603,85654,85656,85665,85668,85675,85681,85686,85688,85703,85707,85767,85769,85778,85782,85954,85956,85993,86000,86006,86009,86036,86038,86059,86064,86099,86101,86109,86112,86115,86131,86136,86138,86142,86148,86152,86179,86182,86192,86232,86236,86239,86282,86284,86293,86296,86301,86370,86372,86380,86385,86389,86392,86443,86445,86453,86456,86519,86521,86529,86532,86537,86541,86554,86561,86569,86571,86573,86603,86609,86710,86720,86722,86727,86730,86735,86738,86740,86748,86756,86764,86771,86779,86781,86813],[10,84908,13,84910,3930],{"id":84909},"python-min-function-explained",[15,84911,84538],{},[24,84913,84914,84916],{},[15,84915,84538],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns the smallest item. You can use it with a single iterable, like a list or tuple, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[24,84918,84919,84920,84922],{},"This page explains what ",[15,84921,84538],{}," does, its main syntax forms, and the common mistakes beginners make when using it.",[80,84924,2361],{"id":2360},[85,84926,84928],{"className":87,"code":84927,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n\nprint(min(5, 2, 9, 1))\n",[15,84929,84930,84954,84969,84973],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,84931,84932,84934,84936,84938,84940,84942,84944,84946,84948,84950,84952],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,84933,101],{"class":100},[94,84935,105],{"class":104},[94,84937,109],{"class":108},[94,84939,615],{"class":112},[94,84941,116],{"class":108},[94,84943,124],{"class":112},[94,84945,116],{"class":108},[94,84947,54464],{"class":112},[94,84949,116],{"class":108},[94,84951,119],{"class":112},[94,84953,127],{"class":108},[94,84955,84956,84958,84960,84963,84965,84967],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,84957,326],{"class":145},[94,84959,149],{"class":108},[94,84961,84962],{"class":145},"min",[94,84964,149],{"class":108},[94,84966,153],{"class":152},[94,84968,921],{"class":108},[94,84970,84971],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,84972,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,84974,84975,84977,84979,84981,84983,84985,84987,84989,84991,84993,84995,84997],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,84976,326],{"class":145},[94,84978,149],{"class":108},[94,84980,84962],{"class":145},[94,84982,149],{"class":108},[94,84984,615],{"class":112},[94,84986,116],{"class":108},[94,84988,124],{"class":112},[94,84990,116],{"class":108},[94,84992,54464],{"class":112},[94,84994,116],{"class":108},[94,84996,119],{"class":112},[94,84998,921],{"class":108},[24,85000,371],{},[85,85002,85004],{"className":87,"code":85003,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"1\n1\n",[15,85005,85006,85010],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,85007,85008],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,85009,47248],{"class":112},[94,85011,85012],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,85013,47248],{"class":112},[24,85015,54,85016,85018],{},[15,85017,84538],{}," with one iterable like a list, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[80,85020,215,85022,218],{"id":85021},"what-min-does",[15,85023,84538],{},[28,85025,85026,85031,85034,85037],{},[31,85027,85028,85030],{},[15,85029,84538],{}," returns the smallest item",[31,85032,85033],{},"It can compare numbers, strings, and other comparable values",[31,85035,85036],{},"It is a built-in Python function",[31,85038,85039],{},"This page explains the function itself, not task-based use cases",[80,85041,85043],{"id":85042},"main-syntax-forms","Main syntax forms",[24,85045,85046,85047,384],{},"Here are the main ways to use ",[15,85048,84538],{},[85,85050,85052],{"className":87,"code":85051,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"min(iterable)\nmin(value1, value2, value3, ...)\nmin(iterable, key=...)\nmin(iterable, default=...)\n",[15,85053,85054,85064,85089,85107],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,85055,85056,85058,85060,85062],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,85057,84962],{"class":145},[94,85059,149],{"class":108},[94,85061,4065],{"class":152},[94,85063,316],{"class":108},[94,85065,85066,85068,85070,85073,85075,85078,85080,85083,85085,85087],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,85067,84962],{"class":145},[94,85069,149],{"class":108},[94,85071,85072],{"class":152},"value1",[94,85074,116],{"class":108},[94,85076,85077],{"class":152}," value2",[94,85079,116],{"class":108},[94,85081,85082],{"class":152}," value3",[94,85084,116],{"class":108},[94,85086,34785],{"class":145},[94,85088,316],{"class":108},[94,85090,85091,85093,85095,85097,85099,85101,85103,85105],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,85092,84962],{"class":145},[94,85094,149],{"class":108},[94,85096,4065],{"class":152},[94,85098,116],{"class":108},[94,85100,1367],{"class":1218},[94,85102,105],{"class":104},[94,85104,37700],{"class":145},[94,85106,316],{"class":108},[94,85108,85109,85111,85113,85115,85117,85119,85121,85123],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,85110,84962],{"class":145},[94,85112,149],{"class":108},[94,85114,4065],{"class":152},[94,85116,116],{"class":108},[94,85118,26854],{"class":1218},[94,85120,105],{"class":104},[94,85122,37700],{"class":145},[94,85124,316],{"class":108},[265,85126,85128],{"id":85127},"miniterable",[15,85129,85130],{},"min(iterable)",[24,85132,85133],{},"Use this form when you have one collection of values.",[85,85135,85137],{"className":87,"code":85136,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [8, 3, 12, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,85138,85139,85163],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,85140,85141,85143,85145,85147,85149,85151,85153,85155,85157,85159,85161],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,85142,101],{"class":100},[94,85144,105],{"class":104},[94,85146,109],{"class":108},[94,85148,2703],{"class":112},[94,85150,116],{"class":108},[94,85152,421],{"class":112},[94,85154,116],{"class":108},[94,85156,31274],{"class":112},[94,85158,116],{"class":108},[94,85160,119],{"class":112},[94,85162,127],{"class":108},[94,85164,85165,85167,85169,85171,85173,85175],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,85166,326],{"class":145},[94,85168,149],{"class":108},[94,85170,84962],{"class":145},[94,85172,149],{"class":108},[94,85174,153],{"class":152},[94,85176,921],{"class":108},[24,85178,371],{},[85,85180,85181],{"className":87,"code":47248,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,85182,85183],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,85184,85185],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,85186,47248],{"class":112},[265,85188,85190],{"id":85189},"minvalue1-value2-value3",[15,85191,85192],{},"min(value1, value2, value3, ...)",[24,85194,85195],{},"Use this form when you want to compare separate values directly.",[85,85197,85199],{"className":87,"code":85198,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(min(8, 3, 12, 1))\n",[15,85200,85201],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,85202,85203,85205,85207,85209,85211,85213,85215,85217,85219,85221,85223,85225],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,85204,326],{"class":145},[94,85206,149],{"class":108},[94,85208,84962],{"class":145},[94,85210,149],{"class":108},[94,85212,2703],{"class":112},[94,85214,116],{"class":108},[94,85216,421],{"class":112},[94,85218,116],{"class":108},[94,85220,31274],{"class":112},[94,85222,116],{"class":108},[94,85224,119],{"class":112},[94,85226,921],{"class":108},[24,85228,371],{},[85,85230,85231],{"className":87,"code":47248,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,85232,85233],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,85234,85235],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,85236,47248],{"class":112},[265,85238,85240],{"id":85239},"miniterable-key",[15,85241,85242],{},"min(iterable, key=...)",[24,85244,54,85245,85247],{},[15,85246,1142],{}," when you want Python to compare items using a custom rule.",[85,85249,85251],{"className":87,"code":85250,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"words = [\"pear\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,85252,85253,85285],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,85254,85255,85257,85259,85261,85263,85265,85267,85269,85271,85273,85275,85277,85279,85281,85283],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,85256,1314],{"class":100},[94,85258,105],{"class":104},[94,85260,109],{"class":108},[94,85262,332],{"class":331},[94,85264,79054],{"class":335},[94,85266,332],{"class":331},[94,85268,116],{"class":108},[94,85270,1040],{"class":331},[94,85272,38671],{"class":335},[94,85274,332],{"class":331},[94,85276,116],{"class":108},[94,85278,1040],{"class":331},[94,85280,4432],{"class":335},[94,85282,332],{"class":331},[94,85284,127],{"class":108},[94,85286,85287,85289,85291,85293,85295,85297,85299,85301,85303,85305],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,85288,326],{"class":145},[94,85290,149],{"class":108},[94,85292,84962],{"class":145},[94,85294,149],{"class":108},[94,85296,1362],{"class":152},[94,85298,116],{"class":108},[94,85300,1367],{"class":1218},[94,85302,105],{"class":104},[94,85304,11490],{"class":145},[94,85306,921],{"class":108},[24,85308,371],{},[85,85310,85312],{"className":87,"code":85311,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"kiwi\n",[15,85313,85314],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,85315,85316],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,85317,85311],{"class":100},[24,85319,85320],{},"Python compares the lengths of the strings, but it returns the original item, not the length.",[24,85322,85323,85324,85326,85327,168],{},"If you are not familiar with ",[15,85325,42691],{},", see the ",[434,85328,85329,439],{"href":42688},[15,85330,42691],{},[265,85332,85334],{"id":85333},"miniterable-default",[15,85335,85336],{},"min(iterable, default=...)",[24,85338,54,85339,85341],{},[15,85340,83240],{}," when the iterable might be empty.",[85,85343,85345],{"className":87,"code":85344,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,85346,85347,85355],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,85348,85349,85351,85353],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,85350,101],{"class":100},[94,85352,105],{"class":104},[94,85354,8173],{"class":108},[94,85356,85357,85359,85361,85363,85365,85367,85369,85371,85373,85375],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,85358,326],{"class":145},[94,85360,149],{"class":108},[94,85362,84962],{"class":145},[94,85364,149],{"class":108},[94,85366,153],{"class":152},[94,85368,116],{"class":108},[94,85370,26854],{"class":1218},[94,85372,105],{"class":104},[94,85374,2476],{"class":112},[94,85376,921],{"class":108},[24,85378,371],{},[85,85380,85381],{"className":87,"code":47583,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,85382,85383],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,85384,85385],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,85386,47583],{"class":112},[24,85388,85389,85390,85392],{},"This avoids a ",[15,85391,41034],{}," when there is no item to return.",[80,85394,1484,85396,85398],{"id":85395},"using-min-with-numbers",[15,85397,84538],{}," with numbers",[24,85400,85401,85403],{},[15,85402,84538],{}," works with integers and floats. It returns the lowest numeric value.",[85,85405,85407],{"className":87,"code":85406,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"scores = [88, 72, 95, 60]\nprint(min(scores))\n",[15,85408,85409,85434],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,85410,85411,85413,85415,85417,85419,85421,85424,85426,85428,85430,85432],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,85412,5401],{"class":100},[94,85414,105],{"class":104},[94,85416,109],{"class":108},[94,85418,51834],{"class":112},[94,85420,116],{"class":108},[94,85422,85423],{"class":112}," 72",[94,85425,116],{"class":108},[94,85427,29237],{"class":112},[94,85429,116],{"class":108},[94,85431,76416],{"class":112},[94,85433,127],{"class":108},[94,85435,85436,85438,85440,85442,85444,85446],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,85437,326],{"class":145},[94,85439,149],{"class":108},[94,85441,84962],{"class":145},[94,85443,149],{"class":108},[94,85445,16717],{"class":152},[94,85447,921],{"class":108},[24,85449,371],{},[85,85451,85453],{"className":87,"code":85452,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"60\n",[15,85454,85455],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,85456,85457],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,85458,85452],{"class":112},[24,85460,85461],{},"It also works with decimal values:",[85,85463,85465],{"className":87,"code":85464,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"prices = [19.99, 5.49, 12.75]\nprint(min(prices))\n",[15,85466,85467,85488],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,85468,85469,85471,85473,85475,85477,85479,85482,85484,85486],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,85470,83352],{"class":100},[94,85472,105],{"class":104},[94,85474,109],{"class":108},[94,85476,40728],{"class":112},[94,85478,116],{"class":108},[94,85480,85481],{"class":112}," 5.49",[94,85483,116],{"class":108},[94,85485,83368],{"class":112},[94,85487,127],{"class":108},[94,85489,85490,85492,85494,85496,85498,85500],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,85491,326],{"class":145},[94,85493,149],{"class":108},[94,85495,84962],{"class":145},[94,85497,149],{"class":108},[94,85499,83388],{"class":152},[94,85501,921],{"class":108},[24,85503,371],{},[85,85505,85507],{"className":87,"code":85506,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"5.49\n",[15,85508,85509],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,85510,85511],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,85512,85506],{"class":112},[24,85514,85515],{},"This is useful for things like:",[28,85517,85518,85520,85522,85525],{},[31,85519,16717],{},[31,85521,83388],{},[31,85523,85524],{},"measurements",[31,85526,85527],{},"ages",[80,85529,1484,85531,47390],{"id":85530},"using-min-with-strings",[15,85532,84538],{},[24,85534,85535,85537],{},[15,85536,84538],{}," can also compare strings. It uses character order, which is similar to alphabetical order.",[85,85539,85541],{"className":87,"code":85540,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85542,85543,85575],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,85544,85545,85547,85549,85551,85553,85555,85557,85559,85561,85563,85565,85567,85569,85571,85573],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,85546,1314],{"class":100},[94,85548,105],{"class":104},[94,85550,109],{"class":108},[94,85552,332],{"class":331},[94,85554,4432],{"class":335},[94,85556,332],{"class":331},[94,85558,116],{"class":108},[94,85560,1040],{"class":331},[94,85562,1332],{"class":335},[94,85564,332],{"class":331},[94,85566,116],{"class":108},[94,85568,1040],{"class":331},[94,85570,4441],{"class":335},[94,85572,332],{"class":331},[94,85574,127],{"class":108},[94,85576,85577,85579,85581,85583,85585,85587],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,85578,326],{"class":145},[94,85580,149],{"class":108},[94,85582,84962],{"class":145},[94,85584,149],{"class":108},[94,85586,1362],{"class":152},[94,85588,921],{"class":108},[24,85590,371],{},[85,85592,85594],{"className":87,"code":85593,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"apple\n",[15,85595,85596],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,85597,85598],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,85599,85593],{"class":100},[24,85601,85602],{},"Be careful with uppercase and lowercase letters. They are not treated the same.",[85,85604,85606],{"className":87,"code":85605,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85607,85608,85640],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,85609,85610,85612,85614,85616,85618,85620,85622,85624,85626,85628,85630,85632,85634,85636,85638],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,85611,1314],{"class":100},[94,85613,105],{"class":104},[94,85615,109],{"class":108},[94,85617,332],{"class":331},[94,85619,4432],{"class":335},[94,85621,332],{"class":331},[94,85623,116],{"class":108},[94,85625,1040],{"class":331},[94,85627,58092],{"class":335},[94,85629,332],{"class":331},[94,85631,116],{"class":108},[94,85633,1040],{"class":331},[94,85635,4441],{"class":335},[94,85637,332],{"class":331},[94,85639,127],{"class":108},[94,85641,85642,85644,85646,85648,85650,85652],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,85643,326],{"class":145},[94,85645,149],{"class":108},[94,85647,84962],{"class":145},[94,85649,149],{"class":108},[94,85651,1362],{"class":152},[94,85653,921],{"class":108},[24,85655,371],{},[85,85657,85659],{"className":87,"code":85658,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"Apple\n",[15,85660,85661],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,85662,85663],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,85664,85658],{"class":100},[24,85666,85667],{},"This may look surprising at first. Python compares characters by their internal order, so mixed letter case can change the result.",[24,85669,85670,85671,168],{},"If you need all items in order instead of just the smallest one, see ",[434,85672,85673,6114],{"href":436},[15,85674,17],{},[80,85676,1484,85678,85680],{"id":85677},"using-min-with-a-key-function",[15,85679,84538],{}," with a key function",[24,85682,2336,85683,85685],{},[15,85684,1142],{}," argument changes how items are compared.",[24,85687,11788],{},[28,85689,85690,85695,85700],{},[31,85691,85692,85694],{},[15,85693,1142],{}," changes the comparison rule",[31,85696,85697,85699],{},[15,85698,84538],{}," still returns the original item",[31,85701,85702],{},"This is useful for custom comparisons",[265,85704,85706],{"id":85705},"find-the-shortest-string","Find the shortest string",[85,85708,85710],{"className":87,"code":85709,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"words = [\"elephant\", \"cat\", \"giraffe\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,85711,85712,85745],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,85713,85714,85716,85718,85720,85722,85724,85726,85728,85730,85732,85734,85736,85738,85741,85743],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,85715,1314],{"class":100},[94,85717,105],{"class":104},[94,85719,109],{"class":108},[94,85721,332],{"class":331},[94,85723,68650],{"class":335},[94,85725,332],{"class":331},[94,85727,116],{"class":108},[94,85729,1040],{"class":331},[94,85731,37376],{"class":335},[94,85733,332],{"class":331},[94,85735,116],{"class":108},[94,85737,1040],{"class":331},[94,85739,85740],{"class":335},"giraffe",[94,85742,332],{"class":331},[94,85744,127],{"class":108},[94,85746,85747,85749,85751,85753,85755,85757,85759,85761,85763,85765],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,85748,326],{"class":145},[94,85750,149],{"class":108},[94,85752,84962],{"class":145},[94,85754,149],{"class":108},[94,85756,1362],{"class":152},[94,85758,116],{"class":108},[94,85760,1367],{"class":1218},[94,85762,105],{"class":104},[94,85764,11490],{"class":145},[94,85766,921],{"class":108},[24,85768,371],{},[85,85770,85772],{"className":87,"code":85771,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"cat\n",[15,85773,85774],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,85775,85776],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,85777,85771],{"class":100},[265,85779,85781],{"id":85780},"find-the-dictionary-with-the-smallest-value","Find the dictionary with the smallest value",[85,85783,85785],{"className":87,"code":85784,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"students = [\n    {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"score\": 85},\n    {\"name\": \"Ben\", \"score\": 72},\n    {\"name\": \"Cara\", \"score\": 90}\n]\n\nlowest = min(students, key=lambda student: student[\"score\"])\nprint(lowest)\n",[15,85786,85787,85797,85832,85864,85896,85900,85904,85943],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,85788,85789,85792,85794],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,85790,85791],{"class":100},"students ",[94,85793,105],{"class":104},[94,85795,85796],{"class":108}," [\n",[94,85798,85799,85802,85804,85806,85808,85810,85812,85814,85816,85818,85820,85823,85825,85827,85829],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,85800,85801],{"class":108},"    {",[94,85803,332],{"class":331},[94,85805,8001],{"class":335},[94,85807,332],{"class":331},[94,85809,384],{"class":108},[94,85811,1040],{"class":331},[94,85813,13206],{"class":335},[94,85815,332],{"class":331},[94,85817,116],{"class":108},[94,85819,1040],{"class":331},[94,85821,85822],{"class":335},"score",[94,85824,332],{"class":331},[94,85826,384],{"class":108},[94,85828,13834],{"class":112},[94,85830,85831],{"class":108},"},\n",[94,85833,85834,85836,85838,85840,85842,85844,85846,85848,85850,85852,85854,85856,85858,85860,85862],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,85835,85801],{"class":108},[94,85837,332],{"class":331},[94,85839,8001],{"class":335},[94,85841,332],{"class":331},[94,85843,384],{"class":108},[94,85845,1040],{"class":331},[94,85847,36268],{"class":335},[94,85849,332],{"class":331},[94,85851,116],{"class":108},[94,85853,1040],{"class":331},[94,85855,85822],{"class":335},[94,85857,332],{"class":331},[94,85859,384],{"class":108},[94,85861,85423],{"class":112},[94,85863,85831],{"class":108},[94,85865,85866,85868,85870,85872,85874,85876,85878,85880,85882,85884,85886,85888,85890,85892,85894],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,85867,85801],{"class":108},[94,85869,332],{"class":331},[94,85871,8001],{"class":335},[94,85873,332],{"class":331},[94,85875,384],{"class":108},[94,85877,1040],{"class":331},[94,85879,36277],{"class":335},[94,85881,332],{"class":331},[94,85883,116],{"class":108},[94,85885,1040],{"class":331},[94,85887,85822],{"class":335},[94,85889,332],{"class":331},[94,85891,384],{"class":108},[94,85893,20229],{"class":112},[94,85895,9641],{"class":108},[94,85897,85898],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,85899,127],{"class":108},[94,85901,85902],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,85903,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,85905,85906,85909,85911,85914,85916,85919,85921,85923,85925,85927,85929,85931,85933,85935,85937,85939,85941],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,85907,85908],{"class":100},"lowest ",[94,85910,105],{"class":104},[94,85912,85913],{"class":145}," min",[94,85915,149],{"class":108},[94,85917,85918],{"class":152},"students",[94,85920,116],{"class":108},[94,85922,1367],{"class":1218},[94,85924,105],{"class":104},[94,85926,37989],{"class":958},[94,85928,13232],{"class":37992},[94,85930,384],{"class":108},[94,85932,13232],{"class":152},[94,85934,539],{"class":108},[94,85936,332],{"class":331},[94,85938,85822],{"class":335},[94,85940,332],{"class":331},[94,85942,4234],{"class":108},[94,85944,85945,85947,85949,85952],{"class":96,"line":702},[94,85946,326],{"class":145},[94,85948,149],{"class":108},[94,85950,85951],{"class":152},"lowest",[94,85953,316],{"class":108},[24,85955,371],{},[85,85957,85959],{"className":87,"code":85958,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"{'name': 'Ben', 'score': 72}\n",[15,85960,85961],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,85962,85963,85965,85967,85969,85971,85973,85975,85977,85979,85981,85983,85985,85987,85989,85991],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,85964,9610],{"class":108},[94,85966,968],{"class":331},[94,85968,8001],{"class":335},[94,85970,968],{"class":331},[94,85972,384],{"class":108},[94,85974,962],{"class":331},[94,85976,36268],{"class":335},[94,85978,968],{"class":331},[94,85980,116],{"class":108},[94,85982,962],{"class":331},[94,85984,85822],{"class":335},[94,85986,968],{"class":331},[94,85988,384],{"class":108},[94,85990,85423],{"class":112},[94,85992,9641],{"class":108},[24,85994,85995,85996,85999],{},"Here, Python compares the ",[15,85997,85998],{},"\"score\""," values, but it returns the full dictionary.",[80,86001,1484,86003,86005],{"id":86002},"using-default-with-empty-iterables",[15,86004,83240],{}," with empty iterables",[24,86007,86008],{},"An empty iterable has no smallest item, so this causes an error:",[85,86010,86012],{"className":87,"code":86011,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,86013,86014,86022],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,86015,86016,86018,86020],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,86017,101],{"class":100},[94,86019,105],{"class":104},[94,86021,8173],{"class":108},[94,86023,86024,86026,86028,86030,86032,86034],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,86025,326],{"class":145},[94,86027,149],{"class":108},[94,86029,84962],{"class":145},[94,86031,149],{"class":108},[94,86033,153],{"class":152},[94,86035,921],{"class":108},[24,86037,371],{},[85,86039,86041],{"className":87,"code":86040,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"ValueError: min() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,86042,86043],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,86044,86045,86047,86049,86051,86053,86055,86057],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,86046,41034],{"class":913},[94,86048,384],{"class":108},[94,86050,85913],{"class":145},[94,86052,174],{"class":108},[94,86054,84209],{"class":100},[94,86056,12519],{"class":104},[94,86058,84214],{"class":100},[24,86060,86061,86062,384],{},"To avoid that, use ",[15,86063,83240],{},[85,86065,86067],{"className":87,"code":86066,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,86068,86069,86077],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,86070,86071,86073,86075],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,86072,101],{"class":100},[94,86074,105],{"class":104},[94,86076,8173],{"class":108},[94,86078,86079,86081,86083,86085,86087,86089,86091,86093,86095,86097],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,86080,326],{"class":145},[94,86082,149],{"class":108},[94,86084,84962],{"class":145},[94,86086,149],{"class":108},[94,86088,153],{"class":152},[94,86090,116],{"class":108},[94,86092,26854],{"class":1218},[94,86094,105],{"class":104},[94,86096,77],{"class":1224},[94,86098,921],{"class":108},[24,86100,371],{},[85,86102,86103],{"className":87,"code":1593,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,86104,86105],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,86106,86107],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,86108,1593],{"class":1224},[24,86110,86111],{},"This is helpful when your list may be empty and you want a safe fallback value.",[24,86113,86114],{},"Remember:",[28,86116,86117,86125],{},[31,86118,86119,86121,86122,86124],{},[15,86120,83240],{}," works only when ",[15,86123,84538],{}," gets one iterable argument",[31,86126,86127,86128],{},"It does not work with ",[15,86129,86130],{},"min(3, 5, default=0)",[24,86132,86133,86134,168],{},"If you want help with this error, see ",[434,86135,66163],{"href":73202},[80,86137,11073],{"id":11072},[24,86139,57100,86140,168],{},[15,86141,84538],{},[265,86143,86145,86146],{"id":86144},"empty-list-without-default","Empty list without ",[15,86147,83240],{},[24,86149,3358,86150,384],{},[15,86151,41034],{},[85,86153,86155],{"className":87,"code":86154,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"items = []\nprint(min(items))\n",[15,86156,86157,86165],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,86158,86159,86161,86163],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,86160,8113],{"class":100},[94,86162,105],{"class":104},[94,86164,8173],{"class":108},[94,86166,86167,86169,86171,86173,86175,86177],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,86168,326],{"class":145},[94,86170,149],{"class":108},[94,86172,84962],{"class":145},[94,86174,149],{"class":108},[94,86176,8144],{"class":152},[94,86178,921],{"class":108},[24,86180,86181],{},"Fix it by:",[28,86183,86184,86187],{},[31,86185,86186],{},"checking that the iterable is not empty first",[31,86188,86189,86190],{},"or using ",[15,86191,83240],{},[85,86193,86195],{"className":87,"code":86194,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"items = []\nprint(min(items, default=\"no items\"))\n",[15,86196,86197,86205],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,86198,86199,86201,86203],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,86200,8113],{"class":100},[94,86202,105],{"class":104},[94,86204,8173],{"class":108},[94,86206,86207,86209,86211,86213,86215,86217,86219,86221,86223,86225,86228,86230],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,86208,326],{"class":145},[94,86210,149],{"class":108},[94,86212,84962],{"class":145},[94,86214,149],{"class":108},[94,86216,8144],{"class":152},[94,86218,116],{"class":108},[94,86220,26854],{"class":1218},[94,86222,105],{"class":104},[94,86224,332],{"class":331},[94,86226,86227],{"class":335},"no items",[94,86229,332],{"class":331},[94,86231,921],{"class":108},[265,86233,86235],{"id":86234},"mixed-types","Mixed types",[24,86237,86238],{},"In Python 3, values must usually be comparable to each other. This often fails:",[85,86240,86242],{"className":87,"code":86241,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nprint(min(data))\n",[15,86243,86244,86268],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,86245,86246,86248,86250,86252,86254,86256,86258,86260,86262,86264,86266],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,86247,9499],{"class":100},[94,86249,105],{"class":104},[94,86251,109],{"class":108},[94,86253,2688],{"class":112},[94,86255,116],{"class":108},[94,86257,1040],{"class":331},[94,86259,16082],{"class":335},[94,86261,332],{"class":331},[94,86263,116],{"class":108},[94,86265,772],{"class":112},[94,86267,127],{"class":108},[94,86269,86270,86272,86274,86276,86278,86280],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,86271,326],{"class":145},[94,86273,149],{"class":108},[94,86275,84962],{"class":145},[94,86277,149],{"class":108},[94,86279,9537],{"class":152},[94,86281,921],{"class":108},[24,86283,371],{},[85,86285,86287],{"className":87,"code":86286,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"TypeError\n",[15,86288,86289],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,86290,86291],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,86292,86286],{"class":913},[24,86294,86295],{},"That happens because Python cannot directly compare integers and strings here.",[24,86297,86298,86299,168],{},"A simple fix is to convert everything to the same type before calling ",[15,86300,84538],{},[85,86302,86304],{"className":87,"code":86303,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nnumbers = [int(x) for x in data]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,86305,86306,86330,86356],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,86307,86308,86310,86312,86314,86316,86318,86320,86322,86324,86326,86328],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,86309,9499],{"class":100},[94,86311,105],{"class":104},[94,86313,109],{"class":108},[94,86315,2688],{"class":112},[94,86317,116],{"class":108},[94,86319,1040],{"class":331},[94,86321,16082],{"class":335},[94,86323,332],{"class":331},[94,86325,116],{"class":108},[94,86327,772],{"class":112},[94,86329,127],{"class":108},[94,86331,86332,86334,86336,86338,86340,86342,86344,86346,86348,86350,86352,86354],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,86333,101],{"class":100},[94,86335,105],{"class":104},[94,86337,109],{"class":108},[94,86339,2546],{"class":913},[94,86341,149],{"class":108},[94,86343,2531],{"class":152},[94,86345,156],{"class":108},[94,86347,4222],{"class":4221},[94,86349,4225],{"class":100},[94,86351,4228],{"class":4221},[94,86353,14894],{"class":100},[94,86355,127],{"class":108},[94,86357,86358,86360,86362,86364,86366,86368],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,86359,326],{"class":145},[94,86361,149],{"class":108},[94,86363,84962],{"class":145},[94,86365,149],{"class":108},[94,86367,153],{"class":152},[94,86369,921],{"class":108},[24,86371,371],{},[85,86373,86374],{"className":87,"code":3303,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,86375,86376],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,86377,86378],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,86379,3303],{"class":112},[24,86381,86382,86383,168],{},"For more help with type-related problems, see this guide to ",[15,86384,3361],{},[265,86386,86388],{"id":86387},"string-comparisons-may-not-match-your-expectation","String comparisons may not match your expectation",[24,86390,86391],{},"If strings have mixed uppercase and lowercase letters, the result may not match normal dictionary order.",[85,86393,86395],{"className":87,"code":86394,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,86396,86397,86429],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,86398,86399,86401,86403,86405,86407,86409,86411,86413,86415,86417,86419,86421,86423,86425,86427],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,86400,1314],{"class":100},[94,86402,105],{"class":104},[94,86404,109],{"class":108},[94,86406,332],{"class":331},[94,86408,79867],{"class":335},[94,86410,332],{"class":331},[94,86412,116],{"class":108},[94,86414,1040],{"class":331},[94,86416,58092],{"class":335},[94,86418,332],{"class":331},[94,86420,116],{"class":108},[94,86422,1040],{"class":331},[94,86424,79884],{"class":335},[94,86426,332],{"class":331},[94,86428,127],{"class":108},[94,86430,86431,86433,86435,86437,86439,86441],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,86432,326],{"class":145},[94,86434,149],{"class":108},[94,86436,84962],{"class":145},[94,86438,149],{"class":108},[94,86440,1362],{"class":152},[94,86442,921],{"class":108},[24,86444,371],{},[85,86446,86447],{"className":87,"code":85658,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,86448,86449],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,86450,86451],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,86452,85658],{"class":100},[24,86454,86455],{},"If needed, compare them in lowercase:",[85,86457,86459],{"className":87,"code":86458,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,86460,86461,86493],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,86462,86463,86465,86467,86469,86471,86473,86475,86477,86479,86481,86483,86485,86487,86489,86491],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,86464,1314],{"class":100},[94,86466,105],{"class":104},[94,86468,109],{"class":108},[94,86470,332],{"class":331},[94,86472,79867],{"class":335},[94,86474,332],{"class":331},[94,86476,116],{"class":108},[94,86478,1040],{"class":331},[94,86480,58092],{"class":335},[94,86482,332],{"class":331},[94,86484,116],{"class":108},[94,86486,1040],{"class":331},[94,86488,79884],{"class":335},[94,86490,332],{"class":331},[94,86492,127],{"class":108},[94,86494,86495,86497,86499,86501,86503,86505,86507,86509,86511,86513,86515,86517],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,86496,326],{"class":145},[94,86498,149],{"class":108},[94,86500,84962],{"class":145},[94,86502,149],{"class":108},[94,86504,1362],{"class":152},[94,86506,116],{"class":108},[94,86508,1367],{"class":1218},[94,86510,105],{"class":104},[94,86512,1372],{"class":913},[94,86514,168],{"class":108},[94,86516,1378],{"class":1377},[94,86518,921],{"class":108},[24,86520,371],{},[85,86522,86523],{"className":87,"code":85658,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,86524,86525],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,86526,86527],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,86528,85658],{"class":100},[24,86530,86531],{},"Here Python compares using lowercase versions, but still returns the original string.",[80,86533,815,86535],{"id":86534},"when-to-use-min",[15,86536,84538],{},[24,86538,54,86539,822],{},[15,86540,84538],{},[28,86542,86543,86546,86551],{},[31,86544,86545],{},"you need the smallest item quickly",[31,86547,86548,86549],{},"you want to compare values with a custom rule using ",[15,86550,1142],{},[31,86552,86553],{},"you want one result, not a full sorted list",[24,86555,54,86556,86560],{},[434,86557,86558],{"href":436},[15,86559,17],{}," if you need all items in order.",[24,86562,54,86563,86568],{},[434,86564,86566],{"href":86565},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained\u002F",[15,86567,82885],{}," if you want the largest item instead.",[80,86570,3186],{"id":3185},[24,86572,84543],{},[28,86574,86575,86583,86586,86591,86598],{},[31,86576,86577,86578,86580,86581],{},"Passing an empty list or tuple to ",[15,86579,84538],{}," without using ",[15,86582,83240],{},[31,86584,86585],{},"Mixing incompatible types such as integers and strings",[31,86587,8786,86588,86590],{},[15,86589,84538],{}," on strings to ignore uppercase and lowercase differences",[31,86592,5047,86593,86595,86596,85699],{},[15,86594,1142],{}," affects comparison but ",[15,86597,84538],{},[31,86599,1484,86600,86602],{},[15,86601,83240],{}," in the wrong syntax form with multiple separate arguments",[24,86604,86605,86606,86608],{},"If you are debugging code that uses ",[15,86607,84538],{},", these quick checks can help:",[85,86610,86612],{"className":87,"code":86611,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(len(data))\nprint(min(data))\nprint(min(data, default=None))\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,86613,86614,86628,86638,86652,86666,86688],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,86615,86616,86618,86620,86622,86624,86626],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,86617,326],{"class":145},[94,86619,149],{"class":108},[94,86621,914],{"class":913},[94,86623,149],{"class":108},[94,86625,9537],{"class":152},[94,86627,921],{"class":108},[94,86629,86630,86632,86634,86636],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,86631,326],{"class":145},[94,86633,149],{"class":108},[94,86635,9537],{"class":152},[94,86637,316],{"class":108},[94,86639,86640,86642,86644,86646,86648,86650],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,86641,326],{"class":145},[94,86643,149],{"class":108},[94,86645,11490],{"class":145},[94,86647,149],{"class":108},[94,86649,9537],{"class":152},[94,86651,921],{"class":108},[94,86653,86654,86656,86658,86660,86662,86664],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,86655,326],{"class":145},[94,86657,149],{"class":108},[94,86659,84962],{"class":145},[94,86661,149],{"class":108},[94,86663,9537],{"class":152},[94,86665,921],{"class":108},[94,86667,86668,86670,86672,86674,86676,86678,86680,86682,86684,86686],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,86669,326],{"class":145},[94,86671,149],{"class":108},[94,86673,84962],{"class":145},[94,86675,149],{"class":108},[94,86677,9537],{"class":152},[94,86679,116],{"class":108},[94,86681,26854],{"class":1218},[94,86683,105],{"class":104},[94,86685,77],{"class":1224},[94,86687,921],{"class":108},[94,86689,86690,86692,86694,86696,86698,86700,86702,86704,86706,86708],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,86691,326],{"class":145},[94,86693,149],{"class":108},[94,86695,84962],{"class":145},[94,86697,149],{"class":108},[94,86699,1362],{"class":152},[94,86701,116],{"class":108},[94,86703,1367],{"class":1218},[94,86705,105],{"class":104},[94,86707,11490],{"class":145},[94,86709,921],{"class":108},[24,86711,86712,86713,86716,86717,86719],{},"Use them carefully. For example, ",[15,86714,86715],{},"print(min(data))"," will still fail if ",[15,86718,9537],{}," is empty or contains incompatible types.",[80,86721,2160],{"id":2159},[265,86723,5479,86725,5482],{"id":86724},"what-does-min-return-in-python",[15,86726,84538],{},[24,86728,86729],{},"It returns the smallest item from an iterable, or the smallest value from multiple arguments.",[265,86731,2191,86733,84718],{"id":86732},"can-min-work-with-strings",[15,86734,84538],{},[24,86736,86737],{},"Yes. It compares strings using character order, which is similar to alphabetical order but affected by letter case.",[265,86739,71970],{"id":71969},[24,86741,86742,52824,86744,84730,86746,36950],{},[15,86743,84538],{},[15,86745,41034],{},[15,86747,83240],{},[265,86749,5479,86751,86753,86754,2170],{"id":86750},"what-does-key-do-in-min",[15,86752,1142],{}," do in ",[15,86755,84538],{},[24,86757,86758,86760,86761,86763],{},[15,86759,1142],{}," tells Python how to compare items. For example, ",[15,86762,83792],{}," compares strings by length.",[265,86765,5514,86767,1139,86769,2170],{"id":86766},"what-is-the-difference-between-min-and-sorted",[15,86768,84538],{},[15,86770,17],{},[24,86772,86773,86775,86776,86778],{},[15,86774,84538],{}," returns only the smallest item. ",[15,86777,17],{}," returns a new sorted list of all items.",[80,86780,2232],{"id":2231},[28,86782,86783,86789,86795,86801,86805,86809],{},[31,86784,86785],{},[434,86786,86787,439],{"href":86565},[15,86788,82885],{},[31,86790,86791],{},[434,86792,86793,439],{"href":436},[15,86794,17],{},[31,86796,86797],{},[434,86798,86799,439],{"href":42688},[15,86800,42691],{},[31,86802,86803],{},[434,86804,1132],{"href":1131},[31,86806,86807],{},[434,86808,59280],{"href":59279},[31,86810,86811],{},[434,86812,66163],{"href":73202},[2260,86814,86815],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":90,"searchDepth":130,"depth":130,"links":86817},[86818,86819,86821,86827,86829,86831,86836,86838,86844,86846,86847,86858],{"id":2360,"depth":130,"text":2361},{"id":85021,"depth":130,"text":86820},"What min() does",{"id":85042,"depth":130,"text":85043,"children":86822},[86823,86824,86825,86826],{"id":85127,"depth":137,"text":85130},{"id":85189,"depth":137,"text":85192},{"id":85239,"depth":137,"text":85242},{"id":85333,"depth":137,"text":85336},{"id":85395,"depth":130,"text":86828},"Using min() with numbers",{"id":85530,"depth":130,"text":86830},"Using min() with strings",{"id":85677,"depth":130,"text":86832,"children":86833},"Using min() with a key function",[86834,86835],{"id":85705,"depth":137,"text":85706},{"id":85780,"depth":137,"text":85781},{"id":86002,"depth":130,"text":86837},"Using default with empty iterables",{"id":11072,"depth":130,"text":11073,"children":86839},[86840,86842,86843],{"id":86144,"depth":137,"text":86841},"Empty list without default",{"id":86234,"depth":137,"text":86235},{"id":86387,"depth":137,"text":86388},{"id":86534,"depth":130,"text":86845},"When to use min()",{"id":3185,"depth":130,"text":3186},{"id":2159,"depth":130,"text":2160,"children":86848},[86849,86851,86853,86854,86856],{"id":86724,"depth":137,"text":86850},"What does min() return in Python?",{"id":86732,"depth":137,"text":86852},"Can min() work with strings?",{"id":71969,"depth":137,"text":71970},{"id":86750,"depth":137,"text":86855},"What does key do in min()?",{"id":86766,"depth":137,"text":86857},"What is the difference between min() and sorted()?",{"id":2231,"depth":130,"text":2232},"Master python min function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained",{"title":84904,"description":86859},"reference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained","VRpvwOyAjT3zttFenYN7xvkjWchE8ws8iWzCuhgc8Cs",{"id":86866,"title":86867,"body":86868,"description":89047,"extension":2319,"meta":89048,"navigation":133,"path":89049,"seo":89050,"stem":89051,"__hash__":89052},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained.md","Python open() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":86869,"toc":89011},[86870,86873,86879,86885,86887,86968,86977,86981,86986,86988,87033,87035,87115,87121,87123,87126,87158,87160,87178,87180,87253,87255,87274,87278,87281,87317,87319,87386,87460,87533,87538,87542,87548,87551,87568,87571,87573,87634,87636,87656,87662,87666,87669,87739,87742,87761,87766,87842,87845,87849,87855,87859,87864,87934,87938,87943,88017,88021,88024,88099,88110,88114,88119,88209,88214,88282,88285,88304,88315,88319,88322,88327,88330,88392,88395,88406,88411,88414,88417,88422,88425,88428,88432,88435,88441,88444,88455,88457,88519,88534,88540,88543,88546,88557,88568,88574,88577,88579,88641,88651,88657,88662,88668,88672,88678,88681,88702,88704,88709,88736,88739,88766,88769,88808,88811,88849,88852,88913,88916,88918,88922,88925,88929,88935,88943,88951,88955,88958,88962,88968,88970,89008],[10,86871,86867],{"id":86872},"python-open-function-explained",[24,86874,86875,86878],{},[15,86876,86877],{},"open()"," is the built-in Python function used to open a file so your program can read from it or write to it.",[24,86880,86881,86882,86884],{},"This page is a beginner-friendly reference for ",[15,86883,86877],{},". You will learn what it does, the most common arguments, what it returns, and how to use it safely when working with files.",[80,86886,2361],{"id":2360},[85,86888,86890],{"className":87,"code":86889,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    content = file.read()\n    print(content)\n",[15,86891,86892,86941,86957],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,86893,86894,86897,86900,86902,86904,86907,86909,86911,86913,86915,86917,86919,86922,86924,86926,86929,86931,86933,86935,86939],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,86895,86896],{"class":4221},"with",[94,86898,86899],{"class":145}," open",[94,86901,149],{"class":108},[94,86903,332],{"class":331},[94,86905,86906],{"class":335},"example.txt",[94,86908,332],{"class":331},[94,86910,116],{"class":108},[94,86912,1040],{"class":331},[94,86914,60830],{"class":335},[94,86916,332],{"class":331},[94,86918,116],{"class":108},[94,86920,86921],{"class":1218}," encoding",[94,86923,105],{"class":104},[94,86925,332],{"class":331},[94,86927,86928],{"class":335},"utf-8",[94,86930,332],{"class":331},[94,86932,156],{"class":108},[94,86934,47689],{"class":4221},[94,86936,86938],{"class":86937},"sMMDD"," file",[94,86940,6726],{"class":108},[94,86942,86943,86946,86948,86950,86952,86955],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,86944,86945],{"class":100},"    content ",[94,86947,105],{"class":104},[94,86949,86938],{"class":86937},[94,86951,168],{"class":108},[94,86953,86954],{"class":152},"read",[94,86956,511],{"class":108},[94,86958,86959,86961,86963,86966],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,86960,8404],{"class":145},[94,86962,149],{"class":108},[94,86964,86965],{"class":152},"content",[94,86967,316],{"class":108},[24,86969,54,86970,86972,86973,86976],{},[15,86971,86896],{}," so the file closes automatically. ",[15,86974,86975],{},"\"r\""," means read mode.",[80,86978,86980],{"id":86979},"what-open-does","What open() does",[24,86982,86983,86985],{},[15,86984,86877],{}," opens a file and gives your program a way to work with it.",[24,86987,11788],{},[28,86989,86990,86993,86998,87003],{},[31,86991,86992],{},"It opens a file so your code can read from it or write to it",[31,86994,41236,86995,86997],{},[43,86996,45],{}," read or write anything by itself",[31,86999,17751,87000],{},[43,87001,87002],{},"file object",[31,87004,87005,87006],{},"You use methods on that file object, such as:\n",[28,87007,87008,87013,87018,87023,87028],{},[31,87009,87010],{},[15,87011,87012],{},"read()",[31,87014,87015],{},[15,87016,87017],{},"readline()",[31,87019,87020],{},[15,87021,87022],{},"readlines()",[31,87024,87025],{},[15,87026,87027],{},"write()",[31,87029,87030],{},[15,87031,87032],{},"close()",[24,87034,2566],{},[85,87036,87038],{"className":87,"code":87037,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"file = open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\")\ncontent = file.read()\nprint(content)\nfile.close()\n",[15,87039,87040,87079,87094,87104],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,87041,87042,87045,87047,87049,87051,87053,87055,87057,87059,87061,87063,87065,87067,87069,87071,87073,87075,87077],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,87043,87044],{"class":86937},"file",[94,87046,13603],{"class":104},[94,87048,86899],{"class":145},[94,87050,149],{"class":108},[94,87052,332],{"class":331},[94,87054,86906],{"class":335},[94,87056,332],{"class":331},[94,87058,116],{"class":108},[94,87060,1040],{"class":331},[94,87062,60830],{"class":335},[94,87064,332],{"class":331},[94,87066,116],{"class":108},[94,87068,86921],{"class":1218},[94,87070,105],{"class":104},[94,87072,332],{"class":331},[94,87074,86928],{"class":335},[94,87076,332],{"class":331},[94,87078,316],{"class":108},[94,87080,87081,87084,87086,87088,87090,87092],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,87082,87083],{"class":100},"content ",[94,87085,105],{"class":104},[94,87087,86938],{"class":86937},[94,87089,168],{"class":108},[94,87091,86954],{"class":152},[94,87093,511],{"class":108},[94,87095,87096,87098,87100,87102],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,87097,326],{"class":145},[94,87099,149],{"class":108},[94,87101,86965],{"class":152},[94,87103,316],{"class":108},[94,87105,87106,87108,87110,87113],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,87107,87044],{"class":86937},[94,87109,168],{"class":108},[94,87111,87112],{"class":152},"close",[94,87114,511],{"class":108},[24,87116,87117,87118,87120],{},"This works, but in most cases you should use ",[15,87119,86896],{}," instead, because it closes the file for you automatically.",[80,87122,2514],{"id":2513},[24,87124,87125],{},"A common form is:",[85,87127,87129],{"className":87,"code":87128,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"open(file, mode, encoding=\"utf-8\")\n",[15,87130,87131],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,87132,87133,87135,87137,87139,87141,87144,87146,87148,87150,87152,87154,87156],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,87134,42757],{"class":145},[94,87136,149],{"class":108},[94,87138,87044],{"class":86937},[94,87140,116],{"class":108},[94,87142,87143],{"class":152}," mode",[94,87145,116],{"class":108},[94,87147,86921],{"class":1218},[94,87149,105],{"class":104},[94,87151,332],{"class":331},[94,87153,86928],{"class":335},[94,87155,332],{"class":331},[94,87157,316],{"class":108},[24,87159,65369],{},[28,87161,87162,87167,87172],{},[31,87163,87164,87166],{},[15,87165,87044],{}," is the file name or file path",[31,87168,87169,87171],{},[15,87170,21250],{}," controls how the file is opened",[31,87173,87174,87177],{},[15,87175,87176],{},"encoding"," matters when you are working with text files",[24,87179,2566],{},[85,87181,87183],{"className":87,"code":87182,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"with open(\"notes.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    text = file.read()\n    print(text)\n",[15,87184,87185,87228,87243],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,87186,87187,87189,87191,87193,87195,87198,87200,87202,87204,87206,87208,87210,87212,87214,87216,87218,87220,87222,87224,87226],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,87188,86896],{"class":4221},[94,87190,86899],{"class":145},[94,87192,149],{"class":108},[94,87194,332],{"class":331},[94,87196,87197],{"class":335},"notes.txt",[94,87199,332],{"class":331},[94,87201,116],{"class":108},[94,87203,1040],{"class":331},[94,87205,60830],{"class":335},[94,87207,332],{"class":331},[94,87209,116],{"class":108},[94,87211,86921],{"class":1218},[94,87213,105],{"class":104},[94,87215,332],{"class":331},[94,87217,86928],{"class":335},[94,87219,332],{"class":331},[94,87221,156],{"class":108},[94,87223,47689],{"class":4221},[94,87225,86938],{"class":86937},[94,87227,6726],{"class":108},[94,87229,87230,87233,87235,87237,87239,87241],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,87231,87232],{"class":100},"    text ",[94,87234,105],{"class":104},[94,87236,86938],{"class":86937},[94,87238,168],{"class":108},[94,87240,86954],{"class":152},[94,87242,511],{"class":108},[94,87244,87245,87247,87249,87251],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,87246,8404],{"class":145},[94,87248,149],{"class":108},[94,87250,1817],{"class":152},[94,87252,316],{"class":108},[24,87254,20288],{},[28,87256,87257,87263,87268],{},[31,87258,87259,87262],{},[15,87260,87261],{},"\"notes.txt\""," is the file name",[31,87264,87265,87267],{},[15,87266,86975],{}," means open for reading",[31,87269,87270,87273],{},[15,87271,87272],{},"encoding=\"utf-8\""," tells Python how to decode the text",[80,87275,87277],{"id":87276},"common-file-modes","Common file modes",[24,87279,87280],{},"These are the modes beginners use most often:",[28,87282,87283,87288,87294,87299,87305,87311],{},[31,87284,87285,87287],{},[15,87286,86975],{}," = read a text file",[31,87289,87290,87293],{},[15,87291,87292],{},"\"w\""," = write a text file and replace existing content",[31,87295,87296,87298],{},[15,87297,18426],{}," = append text to the end of a file",[31,87300,87301,87304],{},[15,87302,87303],{},"\"x\""," = create a new file and fail if it already exists",[31,87306,87307,87310],{},[15,87308,87309],{},"\"rb\""," = read a binary file",[31,87312,87313,87316],{},[15,87314,87315],{},"\"wb\""," = write a binary file",[24,87318,2482],{},[85,87320,87322],{"className":87,"code":87321,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"# Read a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87323,87324,87329,87372],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,87325,87326],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,87327,87328],{"class":159},"# Read a text file\n",[94,87330,87331,87333,87335,87337,87339,87342,87344,87346,87348,87350,87352,87354,87356,87358,87360,87362,87364,87366,87368,87370],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,87332,86896],{"class":4221},[94,87334,86899],{"class":145},[94,87336,149],{"class":108},[94,87338,332],{"class":331},[94,87340,87341],{"class":335},"data.txt",[94,87343,332],{"class":331},[94,87345,116],{"class":108},[94,87347,1040],{"class":331},[94,87349,60830],{"class":335},[94,87351,332],{"class":331},[94,87353,116],{"class":108},[94,87355,86921],{"class":1218},[94,87357,105],{"class":104},[94,87359,332],{"class":331},[94,87361,86928],{"class":335},[94,87363,332],{"class":331},[94,87365,156],{"class":108},[94,87367,47689],{"class":4221},[94,87369,86938],{"class":86937},[94,87371,6726],{"class":108},[94,87373,87374,87376,87378,87380,87382,87384],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,87375,8404],{"class":145},[94,87377,149],{"class":108},[94,87379,87044],{"class":86937},[94,87381,168],{"class":108},[94,87383,86954],{"class":152},[94,87385,7527],{"class":108},[85,87387,87389],{"className":87,"code":87388,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Hello\\n\")\n",[15,87390,87391,87396,87438],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,87392,87393],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,87394,87395],{"class":159},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\n",[94,87397,87398,87400,87402,87404,87406,87408,87410,87412,87414,87416,87418,87420,87422,87424,87426,87428,87430,87432,87434,87436],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,87399,86896],{"class":4221},[94,87401,86899],{"class":145},[94,87403,149],{"class":108},[94,87405,332],{"class":331},[94,87407,87341],{"class":335},[94,87409,332],{"class":331},[94,87411,116],{"class":108},[94,87413,1040],{"class":331},[94,87415,60813],{"class":335},[94,87417,332],{"class":331},[94,87419,116],{"class":108},[94,87421,86921],{"class":1218},[94,87423,105],{"class":104},[94,87425,332],{"class":331},[94,87427,86928],{"class":335},[94,87429,332],{"class":331},[94,87431,156],{"class":108},[94,87433,47689],{"class":4221},[94,87435,86938],{"class":86937},[94,87437,6726],{"class":108},[94,87439,87440,87443,87445,87447,87449,87451,87453,87456,87458],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,87441,87442],{"class":86937},"    file",[94,87444,168],{"class":108},[94,87446,70519],{"class":152},[94,87448,149],{"class":108},[94,87450,332],{"class":331},[94,87452,35196],{"class":335},[94,87454,87455],{"class":34784},"\\n",[94,87457,332],{"class":331},[94,87459,316],{"class":108},[85,87461,87463],{"className":87,"code":87462,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"# Append to a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Another line\\n\")\n",[15,87464,87465,87470,87512],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,87466,87467],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,87468,87469],{"class":159},"# Append to a text file\n",[94,87471,87472,87474,87476,87478,87480,87482,87484,87486,87488,87490,87492,87494,87496,87498,87500,87502,87504,87506,87508,87510],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,87473,86896],{"class":4221},[94,87475,86899],{"class":145},[94,87477,149],{"class":108},[94,87479,332],{"class":331},[94,87481,87341],{"class":335},[94,87483,332],{"class":331},[94,87485,116],{"class":108},[94,87487,1040],{"class":331},[94,87489,434],{"class":335},[94,87491,332],{"class":331},[94,87493,116],{"class":108},[94,87495,86921],{"class":1218},[94,87497,105],{"class":104},[94,87499,332],{"class":331},[94,87501,86928],{"class":335},[94,87503,332],{"class":331},[94,87505,156],{"class":108},[94,87507,47689],{"class":4221},[94,87509,86938],{"class":86937},[94,87511,6726],{"class":108},[94,87513,87514,87516,87518,87520,87522,87524,87527,87529,87531],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,87515,87442],{"class":86937},[94,87517,168],{"class":108},[94,87519,70519],{"class":152},[94,87521,149],{"class":108},[94,87523,332],{"class":331},[94,87525,87526],{"class":335},"Another line",[94,87528,87455],{"class":34784},[94,87530,332],{"class":331},[94,87532,316],{"class":108},[24,87534,69671,87535,87537],{},[15,87536,87292],{}," mode. If the file already exists, its old contents are removed.",[80,87539,87541],{"id":87540},"what-open-returns","What open() returns",[24,87543,87544,22306,87546,168],{},[15,87545,86877],{},[43,87547,87002],{},[24,87549,87550],{},"A file object is the thing you actually use to work with the file. It gives you methods like:",[28,87552,87553,87558,87563],{},[31,87554,87555],{},[15,87556,87557],{},"file.read()",[31,87559,87560],{},[15,87561,87562],{},"file.write()",[31,87564,87565],{},[15,87566,87567],{},"file.close()",[24,87569,87570],{},"It also keeps track of the current position in the file.",[24,87572,2566],{},[85,87574,87576],{"className":87,"code":87575,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(type(file))\n",[15,87577,87578,87620],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,87579,87580,87582,87584,87586,87588,87590,87592,87594,87596,87598,87600,87602,87604,87606,87608,87610,87612,87614,87616,87618],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,87581,86896],{"class":4221},[94,87583,86899],{"class":145},[94,87585,149],{"class":108},[94,87587,332],{"class":331},[94,87589,86906],{"class":335},[94,87591,332],{"class":331},[94,87593,116],{"class":108},[94,87595,1040],{"class":331},[94,87597,60830],{"class":335},[94,87599,332],{"class":331},[94,87601,116],{"class":108},[94,87603,86921],{"class":1218},[94,87605,105],{"class":104},[94,87607,332],{"class":331},[94,87609,86928],{"class":335},[94,87611,332],{"class":331},[94,87613,156],{"class":108},[94,87615,47689],{"class":4221},[94,87617,86938],{"class":86937},[94,87619,6726],{"class":108},[94,87621,87622,87624,87626,87628,87630,87632],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,87623,8404],{"class":145},[94,87625,149],{"class":108},[94,87627,914],{"class":913},[94,87629,149],{"class":108},[94,87631,87044],{"class":86937},[94,87633,921],{"class":108},[24,87635,30360],{},[85,87637,87639],{"className":87,"code":87638,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"\u003Cclass '_io.TextIOWrapper'>\n",[15,87640,87641],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,87642,87643,87645,87647,87649,87652,87654],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,87644,955],{"class":104},[94,87646,959],{"class":958},[94,87648,962],{"class":331},[94,87650,87651],{"class":335},"_io.TextIOWrapper",[94,87653,968],{"class":331},[94,87655,971],{"class":104},[24,87657,87658,87659,87661],{},"You do not need to memorize that type name. The important idea is that ",[15,87660,86877],{}," gives you an object that knows how to interact with the file.",[80,87663,87665],{"id":87664},"why-beginners-should-use-with","Why beginners should use with",[24,87667,87668],{},"Beginners should usually write file code like this:",[85,87670,87671],{"className":87,"code":86889,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,87672,87673,87715,87729],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,87674,87675,87677,87679,87681,87683,87685,87687,87689,87691,87693,87695,87697,87699,87701,87703,87705,87707,87709,87711,87713],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,87676,86896],{"class":4221},[94,87678,86899],{"class":145},[94,87680,149],{"class":108},[94,87682,332],{"class":331},[94,87684,86906],{"class":335},[94,87686,332],{"class":331},[94,87688,116],{"class":108},[94,87690,1040],{"class":331},[94,87692,60830],{"class":335},[94,87694,332],{"class":331},[94,87696,116],{"class":108},[94,87698,86921],{"class":1218},[94,87700,105],{"class":104},[94,87702,332],{"class":331},[94,87704,86928],{"class":335},[94,87706,332],{"class":331},[94,87708,156],{"class":108},[94,87710,47689],{"class":4221},[94,87712,86938],{"class":86937},[94,87714,6726],{"class":108},[94,87716,87717,87719,87721,87723,87725,87727],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,87718,86945],{"class":100},[94,87720,105],{"class":104},[94,87722,86938],{"class":86937},[94,87724,168],{"class":108},[94,87726,86954],{"class":152},[94,87728,511],{"class":108},[94,87730,87731,87733,87735,87737],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,87732,8404],{"class":145},[94,87734,149],{"class":108},[94,87736,86965],{"class":152},[94,87738,316],{"class":108},[24,87740,87741],{},"Why this is recommended:",[28,87743,87744,87749,87755,87758],{},[31,87745,87746,87748],{},[15,87747,86896],{}," automatically closes the file when the block ends",[31,87750,87751,87752,87754],{},"It is safer than calling ",[15,87753,87032],{}," yourself",[31,87756,87757],{},"It helps prevent bugs caused by leaving files open",[31,87759,87760],{},"It is the standard pattern you will see in most Python code",[24,87762,84055,87763,87765],{},[15,87764,86896],{},", you must remember to close the file yourself:",[85,87767,87768],{"className":87,"code":87037,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,87769,87770,87808,87822,87832],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,87771,87772,87774,87776,87778,87780,87782,87784,87786,87788,87790,87792,87794,87796,87798,87800,87802,87804,87806],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,87773,87044],{"class":86937},[94,87775,13603],{"class":104},[94,87777,86899],{"class":145},[94,87779,149],{"class":108},[94,87781,332],{"class":331},[94,87783,86906],{"class":335},[94,87785,332],{"class":331},[94,87787,116],{"class":108},[94,87789,1040],{"class":331},[94,87791,60830],{"class":335},[94,87793,332],{"class":331},[94,87795,116],{"class":108},[94,87797,86921],{"class":1218},[94,87799,105],{"class":104},[94,87801,332],{"class":331},[94,87803,86928],{"class":335},[94,87805,332],{"class":331},[94,87807,316],{"class":108},[94,87809,87810,87812,87814,87816,87818,87820],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,87811,87083],{"class":100},[94,87813,105],{"class":104},[94,87815,86938],{"class":86937},[94,87817,168],{"class":108},[94,87819,86954],{"class":152},[94,87821,511],{"class":108},[94,87823,87824,87826,87828,87830],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,87825,326],{"class":145},[94,87827,149],{"class":108},[94,87829,86965],{"class":152},[94,87831,316],{"class":108},[94,87833,87834,87836,87838,87840],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,87835,87044],{"class":86937},[94,87837,168],{"class":108},[94,87839,87112],{"class":152},[94,87841,511],{"class":108},[24,87843,87844],{},"That version is easier to get wrong.",[80,87846,87848],{"id":87847},"reading-text-with-open","Reading text with open()",[24,87850,87851,87852,87854],{},"Use mode ",[15,87853,86975],{}," when you want to read a text file.",[265,87856,87858],{"id":87857},"read-the-whole-file","Read the whole file",[24,87860,87861,87863],{},[15,87862,87012],{}," returns the full contents as one string.",[85,87865,87866],{"className":87,"code":86889,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,87867,87868,87910,87924],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,87869,87870,87872,87874,87876,87878,87880,87882,87884,87886,87888,87890,87892,87894,87896,87898,87900,87902,87904,87906,87908],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,87871,86896],{"class":4221},[94,87873,86899],{"class":145},[94,87875,149],{"class":108},[94,87877,332],{"class":331},[94,87879,86906],{"class":335},[94,87881,332],{"class":331},[94,87883,116],{"class":108},[94,87885,1040],{"class":331},[94,87887,60830],{"class":335},[94,87889,332],{"class":331},[94,87891,116],{"class":108},[94,87893,86921],{"class":1218},[94,87895,105],{"class":104},[94,87897,332],{"class":331},[94,87899,86928],{"class":335},[94,87901,332],{"class":331},[94,87903,156],{"class":108},[94,87905,47689],{"class":4221},[94,87907,86938],{"class":86937},[94,87909,6726],{"class":108},[94,87911,87912,87914,87916,87918,87920,87922],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,87913,86945],{"class":100},[94,87915,105],{"class":104},[94,87917,86938],{"class":86937},[94,87919,168],{"class":108},[94,87921,86954],{"class":152},[94,87923,511],{"class":108},[94,87925,87926,87928,87930,87932],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,87927,8404],{"class":145},[94,87929,149],{"class":108},[94,87931,86965],{"class":152},[94,87933,316],{"class":108},[265,87935,87937],{"id":87936},"read-one-line","Read one line",[24,87939,87940,87942],{},[15,87941,87017],{}," reads one line at a time.",[85,87944,87946],{"className":87,"code":87945,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    first_line = file.readline()\n    print(first_line)\n",[15,87947,87948,87990,88006],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,87949,87950,87952,87954,87956,87958,87960,87962,87964,87966,87968,87970,87972,87974,87976,87978,87980,87982,87984,87986,87988],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,87951,86896],{"class":4221},[94,87953,86899],{"class":145},[94,87955,149],{"class":108},[94,87957,332],{"class":331},[94,87959,86906],{"class":335},[94,87961,332],{"class":331},[94,87963,116],{"class":108},[94,87965,1040],{"class":331},[94,87967,60830],{"class":335},[94,87969,332],{"class":331},[94,87971,116],{"class":108},[94,87973,86921],{"class":1218},[94,87975,105],{"class":104},[94,87977,332],{"class":331},[94,87979,86928],{"class":335},[94,87981,332],{"class":331},[94,87983,156],{"class":108},[94,87985,47689],{"class":4221},[94,87987,86938],{"class":86937},[94,87989,6726],{"class":108},[94,87991,87992,87995,87997,87999,88001,88004],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,87993,87994],{"class":100},"    first_line ",[94,87996,105],{"class":104},[94,87998,86938],{"class":86937},[94,88000,168],{"class":108},[94,88002,88003],{"class":152},"readline",[94,88005,511],{"class":108},[94,88007,88008,88010,88012,88015],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,88009,8404],{"class":145},[94,88011,149],{"class":108},[94,88013,88014],{"class":152},"first_line",[94,88016,316],{"class":108},[265,88018,88020],{"id":88019},"loop-over-the-file-line-by-line","Loop over the file line by line",[24,88022,88023],{},"This is often the best choice for larger files.",[85,88025,88027],{"className":87,"code":88026,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    for line in file:\n        print(line.strip())\n",[15,88028,88029,88071,88085],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,88030,88031,88033,88035,88037,88039,88041,88043,88045,88047,88049,88051,88053,88055,88057,88059,88061,88063,88065,88067,88069],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,88032,86896],{"class":4221},[94,88034,86899],{"class":145},[94,88036,149],{"class":108},[94,88038,332],{"class":331},[94,88040,86906],{"class":335},[94,88042,332],{"class":331},[94,88044,116],{"class":108},[94,88046,1040],{"class":331},[94,88048,60830],{"class":335},[94,88050,332],{"class":331},[94,88052,116],{"class":108},[94,88054,86921],{"class":1218},[94,88056,105],{"class":104},[94,88058,332],{"class":331},[94,88060,86928],{"class":335},[94,88062,332],{"class":331},[94,88064,156],{"class":108},[94,88066,47689],{"class":4221},[94,88068,86938],{"class":86937},[94,88070,6726],{"class":108},[94,88072,88073,88076,88079,88081,88083],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,88074,88075],{"class":4221},"    for",[94,88077,88078],{"class":100}," line ",[94,88080,4228],{"class":4221},[94,88082,86938],{"class":86937},[94,88084,6726],{"class":108},[94,88086,88087,88089,88091,88093,88095,88097],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,88088,47669],{"class":145},[94,88090,149],{"class":108},[94,88092,96],{"class":152},[94,88094,168],{"class":108},[94,88096,8968],{"class":152},[94,88098,7527],{"class":108},[24,88100,88101,88102,2167,88106,168],{},"If you want a full beginner walkthrough, see ",[434,88103,88105],{"href":88104},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File in Python",[434,88107,88109],{"href":88108},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-line-by-line-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File Line by Line in Python",[80,88111,88113],{"id":88112},"writing-text-with-open","Writing text with open()",[24,88115,54,88116,88118],{},[15,88117,87292],{}," to create a file or overwrite an existing file.",[85,88120,88122],{"className":87,"code":88121,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"First line\\n\")\n    file.write(\"Second line\\n\")\n",[15,88123,88124,88167,88188],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,88125,88126,88128,88130,88132,88134,88137,88139,88141,88143,88145,88147,88149,88151,88153,88155,88157,88159,88161,88163,88165],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,88127,86896],{"class":4221},[94,88129,86899],{"class":145},[94,88131,149],{"class":108},[94,88133,332],{"class":331},[94,88135,88136],{"class":335},"output.txt",[94,88138,332],{"class":331},[94,88140,116],{"class":108},[94,88142,1040],{"class":331},[94,88144,60813],{"class":335},[94,88146,332],{"class":331},[94,88148,116],{"class":108},[94,88150,86921],{"class":1218},[94,88152,105],{"class":104},[94,88154,332],{"class":331},[94,88156,86928],{"class":335},[94,88158,332],{"class":331},[94,88160,156],{"class":108},[94,88162,47689],{"class":4221},[94,88164,86938],{"class":86937},[94,88166,6726],{"class":108},[94,88168,88169,88171,88173,88175,88177,88179,88182,88184,88186],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,88170,87442],{"class":86937},[94,88172,168],{"class":108},[94,88174,70519],{"class":152},[94,88176,149],{"class":108},[94,88178,332],{"class":331},[94,88180,88181],{"class":335},"First line",[94,88183,87455],{"class":34784},[94,88185,332],{"class":331},[94,88187,316],{"class":108},[94,88189,88190,88192,88194,88196,88198,88200,88203,88205,88207],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,88191,87442],{"class":86937},[94,88193,168],{"class":108},[94,88195,70519],{"class":152},[94,88197,149],{"class":108},[94,88199,332],{"class":331},[94,88201,88202],{"class":335},"Second line",[94,88204,87455],{"class":34784},[94,88206,332],{"class":331},[94,88208,316],{"class":108},[24,88210,54,88211,88213],{},[15,88212,18426],{}," if you want to add content without deleting what is already there.",[85,88215,88217],{"className":87,"code":88216,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Third line\\n\")\n",[15,88218,88219,88261],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,88220,88221,88223,88225,88227,88229,88231,88233,88235,88237,88239,88241,88243,88245,88247,88249,88251,88253,88255,88257,88259],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,88222,86896],{"class":4221},[94,88224,86899],{"class":145},[94,88226,149],{"class":108},[94,88228,332],{"class":331},[94,88230,88136],{"class":335},[94,88232,332],{"class":331},[94,88234,116],{"class":108},[94,88236,1040],{"class":331},[94,88238,434],{"class":335},[94,88240,332],{"class":331},[94,88242,116],{"class":108},[94,88244,86921],{"class":1218},[94,88246,105],{"class":104},[94,88248,332],{"class":331},[94,88250,86928],{"class":335},[94,88252,332],{"class":331},[94,88254,156],{"class":108},[94,88256,47689],{"class":4221},[94,88258,86938],{"class":86937},[94,88260,6726],{"class":108},[94,88262,88263,88265,88267,88269,88271,88273,88276,88278,88280],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,88264,87442],{"class":86937},[94,88266,168],{"class":108},[94,88268,70519],{"class":152},[94,88270,149],{"class":108},[94,88272,332],{"class":331},[94,88274,88275],{"class":335},"Third line",[94,88277,87455],{"class":34784},[94,88279,332],{"class":331},[94,88281,316],{"class":108},[24,88283,88284],{},"Important detail:",[28,88286,88287,88292,88299],{},[31,88288,88289,88291],{},[15,88290,87027],{}," writes a string",[31,88293,88294,14381,88296,88298],{},[15,88295,87027],{},[43,88297,45],{}," add a newline for you",[31,88300,88301,88302,87754],{},"If you want a new line, include ",[15,88303,87455],{},[24,88305,88306,88307,2167,88311,168],{},"If your goal is a full task rather than a function reference, see ",[434,88308,88310],{"href":88309},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-write-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Write to a File in Python",[434,88312,88314],{"href":88313},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-append-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Append to a File in Python",[80,88316,88318],{"id":88317},"important-arguments-beginners-should-know","Important arguments beginners should know",[24,88320,88321],{},"A few arguments matter more than others when starting out.",[265,88323,88325],{"id":88324},"encodingutf-8",[15,88326,87272],{},[24,88328,88329],{},"For text files, this is a good default.",[85,88331,88333],{"className":87,"code":88332,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"with open(\"message.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88334,88335,88378],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,88336,88337,88339,88341,88343,88345,88348,88350,88352,88354,88356,88358,88360,88362,88364,88366,88368,88370,88372,88374,88376],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,88338,86896],{"class":4221},[94,88340,86899],{"class":145},[94,88342,149],{"class":108},[94,88344,332],{"class":331},[94,88346,88347],{"class":335},"message.txt",[94,88349,332],{"class":331},[94,88351,116],{"class":108},[94,88353,1040],{"class":331},[94,88355,60830],{"class":335},[94,88357,332],{"class":331},[94,88359,116],{"class":108},[94,88361,86921],{"class":1218},[94,88363,105],{"class":104},[94,88365,332],{"class":331},[94,88367,86928],{"class":335},[94,88369,332],{"class":331},[94,88371,156],{"class":108},[94,88373,47689],{"class":4221},[94,88375,86938],{"class":86937},[94,88377,6726],{"class":108},[94,88379,88380,88382,88384,88386,88388,88390],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,88381,8404],{"class":145},[94,88383,149],{"class":108},[94,88385,87044],{"class":86937},[94,88387,168],{"class":108},[94,88389,86954],{"class":152},[94,88391,7527],{"class":108},[24,88393,88394],{},"Why it matters:",[28,88396,88397,88400,88403],{},[31,88398,88399],{},"It helps Python read text correctly",[31,88401,88402],{},"It avoids some text decoding problems",[31,88404,88405],{},"It makes your code more consistent across systems",[265,88407,88409],{"id":88408},"newline",[15,88410,88408],{},[24,88412,88413],{},"This is mostly useful when writing CSV files or when you need exact control over line endings.",[24,88415,88416],{},"Beginners usually do not need it for normal text files.",[265,88418,88420],{"id":88419},"buffering",[15,88421,88419],{},[24,88423,88424],{},"This is an advanced argument.",[24,88426,88427],{},"Most beginners can ignore it and use the default.",[80,88429,88431],{"id":88430},"common-errors-when-using-open","Common errors when using open()",[24,88433,88434],{},"Here are some common file-related errors you may see.",[265,88436,88438],{"id":88437},"filenotfounderror",[15,88439,88440],{},"FileNotFoundError",[24,88442,88443],{},"This happens when:",[28,88445,88446,88449,88452],{},[31,88447,88448],{},"the file does not exist",[31,88450,88451],{},"the path is wrong",[31,88453,88454],{},"your program is running from a different folder than you expect",[24,88456,2566],{},[85,88458,88460],{"className":87,"code":88459,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"with open(\"missing.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88461,88462,88505],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,88463,88464,88466,88468,88470,88472,88475,88477,88479,88481,88483,88485,88487,88489,88491,88493,88495,88497,88499,88501,88503],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,88465,86896],{"class":4221},[94,88467,86899],{"class":145},[94,88469,149],{"class":108},[94,88471,332],{"class":331},[94,88473,88474],{"class":335},"missing.txt",[94,88476,332],{"class":331},[94,88478,116],{"class":108},[94,88480,1040],{"class":331},[94,88482,60830],{"class":335},[94,88484,332],{"class":331},[94,88486,116],{"class":108},[94,88488,86921],{"class":1218},[94,88490,105],{"class":104},[94,88492,332],{"class":331},[94,88494,86928],{"class":335},[94,88496,332],{"class":331},[94,88498,156],{"class":108},[94,88500,47689],{"class":4221},[94,88502,86938],{"class":86937},[94,88504,6726],{"class":108},[94,88506,88507,88509,88511,88513,88515,88517],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,88508,8404],{"class":145},[94,88510,149],{"class":108},[94,88512,87044],{"class":86937},[94,88514,168],{"class":108},[94,88516,86954],{"class":152},[94,88518,7527],{"class":108},[24,88520,88521,88522,1139,88530,168],{},"If you are stuck, see ",[434,88523,88525,88526,88529],{"href":88524},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ffilenotfounderror-errno-2-no-such-file-or-directory-fix\u002F","FileNotFoundError: ",[94,88527,88528],{},"Errno 2"," No such file or directory",[434,88531,88533],{"href":88532},"\u002Flearn\u002Fworking-with-file-paths-in-python\u002F","Working with File Paths in Python",[265,88535,88537],{"id":88536},"permissionerror",[15,88538,88539],{},"PermissionError",[24,88541,88542],{},"This happens when Python does not have permission to access the file.",[24,88544,88545],{},"Example causes:",[28,88547,88548,88551,88554],{},[31,88549,88550],{},"the file is protected",[31,88552,88553],{},"you are trying to write somewhere you should not",[31,88555,88556],{},"another program is blocking access",[24,88558,88559,88560],{},"Related page: ",[434,88561,88563,88564,88567],{"href":88562},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fpermissionerror-errno-13-permission-denied-fix\u002F","PermissionError: ",[94,88565,88566],{},"Errno 13"," Permission denied",[265,88569,88571],{"id":88570},"isadirectoryerror",[15,88572,88573],{},"IsADirectoryError",[24,88575,88576],{},"This happens when you pass a folder path instead of a file path.",[24,88578,2566],{},[85,88580,88582],{"className":87,"code":88581,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"with open(\"my_folder\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88583,88584,88627],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,88585,88586,88588,88590,88592,88594,88597,88599,88601,88603,88605,88607,88609,88611,88613,88615,88617,88619,88621,88623,88625],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,88587,86896],{"class":4221},[94,88589,86899],{"class":145},[94,88591,149],{"class":108},[94,88593,332],{"class":331},[94,88595,88596],{"class":335},"my_folder",[94,88598,332],{"class":331},[94,88600,116],{"class":108},[94,88602,1040],{"class":331},[94,88604,60830],{"class":335},[94,88606,332],{"class":331},[94,88608,116],{"class":108},[94,88610,86921],{"class":1218},[94,88612,105],{"class":104},[94,88614,332],{"class":331},[94,88616,86928],{"class":335},[94,88618,332],{"class":331},[94,88620,156],{"class":108},[94,88622,47689],{"class":4221},[94,88624,86938],{"class":86937},[94,88626,6726],{"class":108},[94,88628,88629,88631,88633,88635,88637,88639],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,88630,8404],{"class":145},[94,88632,149],{"class":108},[94,88634,87044],{"class":86937},[94,88636,168],{"class":108},[94,88638,86954],{"class":152},[94,88640,7527],{"class":108},[24,88642,88559,88643],{},[434,88644,88646,88647,88650],{"href":88645},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fisadirectoryerror-errno-21-is-a-directory-fix\u002F","IsADirectoryError: ",[94,88648,88649],{},"Errno 21"," Is a directory",[265,88652,88654],{"id":88653},"unicodedecodeerror",[15,88655,88656],{},"UnicodeDecodeError",[24,88658,88659,88660,168],{},"This can happen when the file's real encoding does not match the encoding you used in ",[15,88661,86877],{},[24,88663,88559,88664],{},[434,88665,88667],{"href":88666},"\u002Ferrors\u002Funicodedecodeerror-utf-8-codec-cant-decode-byte-fix\u002F","UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte",[80,88669,88671],{"id":88670},"when-to-use-other-pages","When to use other pages",[24,88673,88674,88675,88677],{},"This page is a reference for the ",[15,88676,86877],{}," function.",[24,88679,88680],{},"Use other pages when you need something more specific:",[28,88682,88683,88686,88689,88695],{},[31,88684,88685],{},"Use a how-to page for a full task, such as reading a file line by line",[31,88687,88688],{},"Use an error page when you already have a specific exception to fix",[31,88690,88691,88692,88694],{},"Use a path page when the real problem is the file location, not ",[15,88693,86877],{}," itself",[31,88696,88697,88698],{},"For a broader introduction, see ",[434,88699,88701],{"href":88700},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-file-handling-basics-read-and-write\u002F","Python File Handling Basics: Read and Write",[80,88703,3186],{"id":3185},[24,88705,88706,88707,384],{},"These are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,88708,86877],{},[28,88710,88711,88716,88722,88727,88730,88733],{},[31,88712,1484,88713,88715],{},[15,88714,86975],{}," mode on a file that does not exist",[31,88717,88718,88719,88721],{},"Forgetting to use ",[15,88720,87176],{}," for text files",[31,88723,1484,88724,88726],{},[15,88725,87292],{}," and accidentally deleting old content",[31,88728,88729],{},"Trying to read from a file opened in write mode",[31,88731,88732],{},"Passing a folder path instead of a file path",[31,88734,88735],{},"Using a relative path from the wrong working directory",[24,88737,88738],{},"If you are not sure what Python is trying to open, these quick checks can help:",[85,88740,88742],{"className":87,"code":88741,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"import os\nprint(os.getcwd())\n",[15,88743,88744,88751],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,88745,88746,88748],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,88747,35418],{"class":4221},[94,88749,88750],{"class":100}," os\n",[94,88752,88753,88755,88757,88759,88761,88764],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,88754,326],{"class":145},[94,88756,149],{"class":108},[94,88758,42956],{"class":152},[94,88760,168],{"class":108},[94,88762,88763],{"class":152},"getcwd",[94,88765,7527],{"class":108},[24,88767,88768],{},"This shows the current working directory.",[85,88770,88772],{"className":87,"code":88771,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"import os\nprint(os.path.exists(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,88773,88774,88780],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,88775,88776,88778],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,88777,35418],{"class":4221},[94,88779,88750],{"class":100},[94,88781,88782,88784,88786,88788,88790,88793,88795,88798,88800,88802,88804,88806],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,88783,326],{"class":145},[94,88785,149],{"class":108},[94,88787,42956],{"class":152},[94,88789,168],{"class":108},[94,88791,88792],{"class":1377},"path",[94,88794,168],{"class":108},[94,88796,88797],{"class":152},"exists",[94,88799,149],{"class":108},[94,88801,332],{"class":331},[94,88803,86906],{"class":335},[94,88805,332],{"class":331},[94,88807,921],{"class":108},[24,88809,88810],{},"This checks whether the path exists.",[85,88812,88814],{"className":87,"code":88813,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"import os\nprint(os.path.isfile(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,88815,88816,88822],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,88817,88818,88820],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,88819,35418],{"class":4221},[94,88821,88750],{"class":100},[94,88823,88824,88826,88828,88830,88832,88834,88836,88839,88841,88843,88845,88847],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,88825,326],{"class":145},[94,88827,149],{"class":108},[94,88829,42956],{"class":152},[94,88831,168],{"class":108},[94,88833,88792],{"class":1377},[94,88835,168],{"class":108},[94,88837,88838],{"class":152},"isfile",[94,88840,149],{"class":108},[94,88842,332],{"class":331},[94,88844,86906],{"class":335},[94,88846,332],{"class":331},[94,88848,921],{"class":108},[24,88850,88851],{},"This checks whether the path is a file.",[85,88853,88855],{"className":87,"code":88854,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88856,88857,88899],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,88858,88859,88861,88863,88865,88867,88869,88871,88873,88875,88877,88879,88881,88883,88885,88887,88889,88891,88893,88895,88897],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,88860,86896],{"class":4221},[94,88862,86899],{"class":145},[94,88864,149],{"class":108},[94,88866,332],{"class":331},[94,88868,86906],{"class":335},[94,88870,332],{"class":331},[94,88872,116],{"class":108},[94,88874,1040],{"class":331},[94,88876,60830],{"class":335},[94,88878,332],{"class":331},[94,88880,116],{"class":108},[94,88882,86921],{"class":1218},[94,88884,105],{"class":104},[94,88886,332],{"class":331},[94,88888,86928],{"class":335},[94,88890,332],{"class":331},[94,88892,156],{"class":108},[94,88894,47689],{"class":4221},[94,88896,86938],{"class":86937},[94,88898,6726],{"class":108},[94,88900,88901,88903,88905,88907,88909,88911],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,88902,8404],{"class":145},[94,88904,149],{"class":108},[94,88906,87044],{"class":86937},[94,88908,168],{"class":108},[94,88910,86954],{"class":152},[94,88912,7527],{"class":108},[24,88914,88915],{},"This is a simple test to confirm the file can be opened and read.",[80,88917,2160],{"id":2159},[265,88919,88921],{"id":88920},"what-does-open-return-in-python","What does open() return in Python?",[24,88923,88924],{},"It returns a file object. You use that object to read, write, or close the file.",[265,88926,88928],{"id":88927},"what-is-the-safest-way-to-use-open","What is the safest way to use open()?",[24,88930,88931,88932,88934],{},"Use it inside a ",[15,88933,86896],{}," block so the file closes automatically.",[265,88936,5514,88938,1139,88940,88942],{"id":88937},"what-is-the-difference-between-w-and-a-mode",[15,88939,87292],{},[15,88941,18426],{}," mode?",[24,88944,88945,88947,88948,88950],{},[15,88946,87292],{}," overwrites the file. ",[15,88949,18426],{}," adds new content to the end.",[265,88952,88954],{"id":88953},"why-do-i-get-filenotfounderror-with-open","Why do I get FileNotFoundError with open()?",[24,88956,88957],{},"Usually the file path is wrong, the file does not exist, or your program is running from a different folder than you expect.",[265,88959,88961],{"id":88960},"should-i-always-set-encoding-when-opening-a-text-file","Should I always set encoding when opening a text file?",[24,88963,88964,88965,88967],{},"It is a good habit. ",[15,88966,87272],{}," is a safe default for many text files.",[80,88969,2232],{"id":2231},[28,88971,88972,88976,88980,88984,88988,88992,88996,89002],{},[31,88973,88974],{},[434,88975,88105],{"href":88104},[31,88977,88978],{},[434,88979,88310],{"href":88309},[31,88981,88982],{},[434,88983,88314],{"href":88313},[31,88985,88986],{},[434,88987,88109],{"href":88108},[31,88989,88990],{},[434,88991,88701],{"href":88700},[31,88993,88994],{},[434,88995,88533],{"href":88532},[31,88997,88998],{},[434,88999,88525,89000,88529],{"href":88524},[94,89001,88528],{},[31,89003,89004],{},[434,89005,88563,89006,88567],{"href":88562},[94,89007,88566],{},[2260,89009,89010],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":90,"searchDepth":130,"depth":130,"links":89012},[89013,89014,89015,89016,89017,89018,89019,89024,89025,89030,89036,89037,89038,89046],{"id":2360,"depth":130,"text":2361},{"id":86979,"depth":130,"text":86980},{"id":2513,"depth":130,"text":2514},{"id":87276,"depth":130,"text":87277},{"id":87540,"depth":130,"text":87541},{"id":87664,"depth":130,"text":87665},{"id":87847,"depth":130,"text":87848,"children":89020},[89021,89022,89023],{"id":87857,"depth":137,"text":87858},{"id":87936,"depth":137,"text":87937},{"id":88019,"depth":137,"text":88020},{"id":88112,"depth":130,"text":88113},{"id":88317,"depth":130,"text":88318,"children":89026},[89027,89028,89029],{"id":88324,"depth":137,"text":87272},{"id":88408,"depth":137,"text":88408},{"id":88419,"depth":137,"text":88419},{"id":88430,"depth":130,"text":88431,"children":89031},[89032,89033,89034,89035],{"id":88437,"depth":137,"text":88440},{"id":88536,"depth":137,"text":88539},{"id":88570,"depth":137,"text":88573},{"id":88653,"depth":137,"text":88656},{"id":88670,"depth":130,"text":88671},{"id":3185,"depth":130,"text":3186},{"id":2159,"depth":130,"text":2160,"children":89039},[89040,89041,89042,89044,89045],{"id":88920,"depth":137,"text":88921},{"id":88927,"depth":137,"text":88928},{"id":88937,"depth":137,"text":89043},"What is the difference between \"w\" and \"a\" mode?",{"id":88953,"depth":137,"text":88954},{"id":88960,"depth":137,"text":88961},{"id":2231,"depth":130,"text":2232},"Master python open function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained",{"title":86867,"description":89047},"reference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained","2NUk1nPkzgPoyQ-eW0tXGQJ5BkMh9G3DaGNf-J4gI50",{"id":89054,"title":89055,"body":89056,"description":91050,"extension":2319,"meta":91051,"navigation":133,"path":91052,"seo":91053,"stem":91054,"__hash__":91055},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained.md","Python print() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":89057,"toc":90997},[89058,89063,89068,89074,89076,89144,89146,89165,89170,89175,89180,89183,89195,89197,89240,89242,89260,89271,89273,89275,89300,89302,89313,89315,89375,89377,89403,89406,89410,89415,89419,89422,89456,89460,89463,89488,89492,89515,89519,89552,89557,89561,89566,89569,89637,89639,89663,89668,89671,89702,89704,89736,89753,89757,89762,89786,89793,89798,89803,89806,89810,89845,89847,89856,89860,89951,89953,89984,89989,89996,90001,90010,90013,90047,90049,90063,90067,90108,90110,90119,90123,90171,90173,90187,90192,90203,90210,90216,90218,90253,90255,90269,90272,90293,90299,90328,90339,90345,90351,90365,90367,90446,90448,90498,90505,90507,90512,90516,90519,90534,90539,90541,90560,90566,90569,90584,90586,90604,90610,90615,90645,90648,90671,90674,90701,90708,90714,90722,90745,90750,90758,90760,90780,90784,90790,90840,90843,90865,90867,90873,90881,90887,90893,90901,90906,90910,90913,90936,90941,90948,90960,90962,90994],[10,89059,13,89061,3930],{"id":89060},"python-print-function-explained",[15,89062,46783],{},[24,89064,32648,89065,89067],{},[15,89066,46783],{}," function displays output in the terminal or console. It is one of the first functions beginners learn because it lets you show text, numbers, variable values, and calculation results.",[24,89069,89070,89071,89073],{},"This page explains the basic syntax of ",[15,89072,46783],{},", its most useful optional arguments, and common beginner mistakes.",[80,89075,2361],{"id":2360},[85,89077,89079],{"className":87,"code":89078,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"name = \"Mia\"\nage = 12\n\nprint(name)\nprint(age)\nprint(\"Hello\", name)\n",[15,89080,89081,89093,89102,89106,89116,89126],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,89082,89083,89085,89087,89089,89091],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,89084,8211],{"class":100},[94,89086,105],{"class":104},[94,89088,1040],{"class":331},[94,89090,8256],{"class":335},[94,89092,1812],{"class":331},[94,89094,89095,89097,89099],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,89096,21959],{"class":100},[94,89098,105],{"class":104},[94,89100,89101],{"class":112}," 12\n",[94,89103,89104],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,89105,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,89107,89108,89110,89112,89114],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,89109,326],{"class":145},[94,89111,149],{"class":108},[94,89113,8001],{"class":152},[94,89115,316],{"class":108},[94,89117,89118,89120,89122,89124],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,89119,326],{"class":145},[94,89121,149],{"class":108},[94,89123,9631],{"class":152},[94,89125,316],{"class":108},[94,89127,89128,89130,89132,89134,89136,89138,89140,89142],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,89129,326],{"class":145},[94,89131,149],{"class":108},[94,89133,332],{"class":331},[94,89135,35196],{"class":335},[94,89137,332],{"class":331},[94,89139,116],{"class":108},[94,89141,36319],{"class":152},[94,89143,316],{"class":108},[24,89145,371],{},[85,89147,89149],{"className":87,"code":89148,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"Mia\n12\nHello Mia\n",[15,89150,89151,89156,89160],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,89152,89153],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,89154,89155],{"class":100},"Mia\n",[94,89157,89158],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,89159,2584],{"class":112},[94,89161,89162],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,89163,89164],{"class":100},"Hello Mia\n",[24,89166,54,89167,89169],{},[15,89168,46783],{}," to show text, numbers, and variable values on the screen.",[80,89171,215,89173,218],{"id":89172},"what-print-does",[15,89174,46783],{},[24,89176,89177,89179],{},[15,89178,46783],{}," sends output to the screen.",[24,89181,89182],{},"You can use it to display:",[28,89184,89185,89187,89189,89192],{},[31,89186,1817],{},[31,89188,153],{},[31,89190,89191],{},"variables",[31,89193,89194],{},"expressions",[24,89196,2566],{},[85,89198,89200],{"className":87,"code":89199,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(5)\nprint(2 + 3)\n",[15,89201,89202,89216,89226],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,89203,89204,89206,89208,89210,89212,89214],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,89205,326],{"class":145},[94,89207,149],{"class":108},[94,89209,332],{"class":331},[94,89211,35196],{"class":335},[94,89213,332],{"class":331},[94,89215,316],{"class":108},[94,89217,89218,89220,89222,89224],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,89219,326],{"class":145},[94,89221,149],{"class":108},[94,89223,615],{"class":112},[94,89225,316],{"class":108},[94,89227,89228,89230,89232,89234,89236,89238],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,89229,326],{"class":145},[94,89231,149],{"class":108},[94,89233,763],{"class":112},[94,89235,2811],{"class":104},[94,89237,421],{"class":112},[94,89239,316],{"class":108},[24,89241,371],{},[85,89243,89245],{"className":87,"code":89244,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"Hello\n5\n5\n",[15,89246,89247,89252,89256],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,89248,89249],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,89250,89251],{"class":100},"Hello\n",[94,89253,89254],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,89255,3303],{"class":112},[94,89257,89258],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,89259,3303],{"class":112},[24,89261,89262,89263,89265,89266,89270],{},"A very important detail is that ",[15,89264,46783],{}," ",[43,89267,463,89268],{},[15,89269,77],{},". Its job is to display something, not to give you a value back.",[80,89272,2514],{"id":2513},[24,89274,31056],{},[85,89276,89278],{"className":87,"code":89277,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(object1, object2, ...)\n",[15,89279,89280],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,89281,89282,89284,89286,89289,89291,89294,89296,89298],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,89283,326],{"class":145},[94,89285,149],{"class":108},[94,89287,89288],{"class":152},"object1",[94,89290,116],{"class":108},[94,89292,89293],{"class":152}," object2",[94,89295,116],{"class":108},[94,89297,34785],{"class":145},[94,89299,316],{"class":108},[24,89301,80508],{},[28,89303,89304,89307,89310],{},[31,89305,89306],{},"one value",[31,89308,89309],{},"many values",[31,89311,89312],{},"strings, numbers, variables, or expressions",[24,89314,2566],{},[85,89316,89318],{"className":87,"code":89317,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(\"Apple\")\nprint(\"Score:\", 10)\nprint(\"Total:\", 4 + 6)\n",[15,89319,89320,89334,89353],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,89321,89322,89324,89326,89328,89330,89332],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,89323,326],{"class":145},[94,89325,149],{"class":108},[94,89327,332],{"class":331},[94,89329,58092],{"class":335},[94,89331,332],{"class":331},[94,89333,316],{"class":108},[94,89335,89336,89338,89340,89342,89345,89347,89349,89351],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,89337,326],{"class":145},[94,89339,149],{"class":108},[94,89341,332],{"class":331},[94,89343,89344],{"class":335},"Score:",[94,89346,332],{"class":331},[94,89348,116],{"class":108},[94,89350,6336],{"class":112},[94,89352,316],{"class":108},[94,89354,89355,89357,89359,89361,89363,89365,89367,89369,89371,89373],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,89356,326],{"class":145},[94,89358,149],{"class":108},[94,89360,332],{"class":331},[94,89362,45895],{"class":335},[94,89364,332],{"class":331},[94,89366,116],{"class":108},[94,89368,624],{"class":112},[94,89370,2811],{"class":104},[94,89372,37973],{"class":112},[94,89374,316],{"class":108},[24,89376,371],{},[85,89378,89380],{"className":87,"code":89379,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"Apple\nScore: 10\nTotal: 10\n",[15,89381,89382,89386,89395],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,89383,89384],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,89385,85658],{"class":100},[94,89387,89388,89391,89393],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,89389,89390],{"class":100},"Score",[94,89392,384],{"class":108},[94,89394,2942],{"class":112},[94,89396,89397,89399,89401],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,89398,45935],{"class":100},[94,89400,384],{"class":108},[94,89402,2942],{"class":112},[24,89404,89405],{},"In Python 3, the parentheses are required.",[80,89407,89409],{"id":89408},"printing-different-kinds-of-values","Printing different kinds of values",[24,89411,89412,89413,168],{},"You can print several kinds of data with ",[15,89414,46783],{},[265,89416,89418],{"id":89417},"print-text","Print text",[24,89420,89421],{},"Text must be inside quotes.",[85,89423,89425],{"className":87,"code":89424,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"Python is fun\")\n",[15,89426,89427,89441],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,89428,89429,89431,89433,89435,89437,89439],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,89430,326],{"class":145},[94,89432,149],{"class":108},[94,89434,332],{"class":331},[94,89436,35196],{"class":335},[94,89438,332],{"class":331},[94,89440,316],{"class":108},[94,89442,89443,89445,89447,89449,89452,89454],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,89444,326],{"class":145},[94,89446,149],{"class":108},[94,89448,332],{"class":331},[94,89450,89451],{"class":335},"Python is fun",[94,89453,332],{"class":331},[94,89455,316],{"class":108},[265,89457,89459],{"id":89458},"print-numbers","Print numbers",[24,89461,89462],{},"Numbers do not use quotes.",[85,89464,89466],{"className":87,"code":89465,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(5)\nprint(3.14)\n",[15,89467,89468,89478],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,89469,89470,89472,89474,89476],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,89471,326],{"class":145},[94,89473,149],{"class":108},[94,89475,615],{"class":112},[94,89477,316],{"class":108},[94,89479,89480,89482,89484,89486],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,89481,326],{"class":145},[94,89483,149],{"class":108},[94,89485,40473],{"class":112},[94,89487,316],{"class":108},[265,89489,89491],{"id":89490},"print-variables","Print variables",[85,89493,89495],{"className":87,"code":89494,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"score = 99\nprint(score)\n",[15,89496,89497,89505],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,89498,89499,89501,89503],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,89500,5433],{"class":100},[94,89502,105],{"class":104},[94,89504,14458],{"class":112},[94,89506,89507,89509,89511,89513],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,89508,326],{"class":145},[94,89510,149],{"class":108},[94,89512,85822],{"class":152},[94,89514,316],{"class":108},[265,89516,89518],{"id":89517},"print-expressions","Print expressions",[85,89520,89522],{"className":87,"code":89521,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(2 + 3)\nprint(10 * 4)\n",[15,89523,89524,89538],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,89525,89526,89528,89530,89532,89534,89536],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,89527,326],{"class":145},[94,89529,149],{"class":108},[94,89531,763],{"class":112},[94,89533,2811],{"class":104},[94,89535,421],{"class":112},[94,89537,316],{"class":108},[94,89539,89540,89542,89544,89546,89548,89550],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,89541,326],{"class":145},[94,89543,149],{"class":108},[94,89545,2688],{"class":112},[94,89547,83136],{"class":104},[94,89549,624],{"class":112},[94,89551,316],{"class":108},[24,89553,89554,89555,168],{},"If you are not sure what counts as text, see ",[434,89556,51307],{"href":51306},[80,89558,89560],{"id":89559},"using-multiple-arguments","Using multiple arguments",[24,89562,89563,89565],{},[15,89564,46783],{}," can take more than one argument.",[24,89567,89568],{},"By default, Python places a space between them. This is often the easiest way to combine labels and variable values.",[85,89570,89572],{"className":87,"code":89571,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"name = \"Ava\"\nage = 10\n\nprint(\"Name:\", name)\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,89573,89574,89587,89595,89599,89618],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,89575,89576,89578,89580,89582,89585],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,89577,8211],{"class":100},[94,89579,105],{"class":104},[94,89581,1040],{"class":331},[94,89583,89584],{"class":335},"Ava",[94,89586,1812],{"class":331},[94,89588,89589,89591,89593],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,89590,21959],{"class":100},[94,89592,105],{"class":104},[94,89594,2942],{"class":112},[94,89596,89597],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,89598,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,89600,89601,89603,89605,89607,89610,89612,89614,89616],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,89602,326],{"class":145},[94,89604,149],{"class":108},[94,89606,332],{"class":331},[94,89608,89609],{"class":335},"Name:",[94,89611,332],{"class":331},[94,89613,116],{"class":108},[94,89615,36319],{"class":152},[94,89617,316],{"class":108},[94,89619,89620,89622,89624,89626,89629,89631,89633,89635],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,89621,326],{"class":145},[94,89623,149],{"class":108},[94,89625,332],{"class":331},[94,89627,89628],{"class":335},"Age:",[94,89630,332],{"class":331},[94,89632,116],{"class":108},[94,89634,9521],{"class":152},[94,89636,316],{"class":108},[24,89638,371],{},[85,89640,89642],{"className":87,"code":89641,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"Name: Ava\nAge: 10\n",[15,89643,89644,89654],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,89645,89646,89649,89651],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,89647,89648],{"class":100},"Name",[94,89650,384],{"class":108},[94,89652,89653],{"class":100}," Ava\n",[94,89655,89656,89659,89661],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,89657,89658],{"class":100},"Age",[94,89660,384],{"class":108},[94,89662,2942],{"class":112},[24,89664,89665,89666,168],{},"This is usually easier for beginners than joining values with ",[15,89667,2417],{},[24,89669,89670],{},"For example, this works:",[85,89672,89674],{"className":87,"code":89673,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,89675,89676,89684],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,89677,89678,89680,89682],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,89679,21959],{"class":100},[94,89681,105],{"class":104},[94,89683,2942],{"class":112},[94,89685,89686,89688,89690,89692,89694,89696,89698,89700],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,89687,326],{"class":145},[94,89689,149],{"class":108},[94,89691,332],{"class":331},[94,89693,89628],{"class":335},[94,89695,332],{"class":331},[94,89697,116],{"class":108},[94,89699,9521],{"class":152},[94,89701,316],{"class":108},[24,89703,37255],{},[85,89705,89707],{"className":87,"code":89706,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age: \" + age)\n",[15,89708,89709,89717],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,89710,89711,89713,89715],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,89712,21959],{"class":100},[94,89714,105],{"class":104},[94,89716,2942],{"class":112},[94,89718,89719,89721,89723,89725,89728,89730,89732,89734],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,89720,326],{"class":145},[94,89722,149],{"class":108},[94,89724,332],{"class":331},[94,89726,89727],{"class":335},"Age: ",[94,89729,332],{"class":331},[94,89731,2811],{"class":104},[94,89733,9521],{"class":152},[94,89735,316],{"class":108},[24,89737,89738,89739,89742,89743,89745,89746,89748,89749,168],{},"That fails because ",[15,89740,89741],{},"\"Age: \""," is a string and ",[15,89744,9631],{}," is an integer. If you want to combine them with ",[15,89747,2417],{},", you must first convert the number with ",[434,89750,89751],{"href":42505},[15,89752,48015],{},[80,89754,89756],{"id":89755},"important-optional-arguments","Important optional arguments",[24,89758,89759,89761],{},[15,89760,46783],{}," has a few optional arguments that are especially useful:",[28,89763,89764,89770,89775,89780],{},[31,89765,89766,89769],{},[15,89767,89768],{},"sep"," controls what goes between multiple values",[31,89771,89772,89774],{},[15,89773,52990],{}," controls what is added after the output",[31,89776,89777,89779],{},[15,89778,87044],{}," sends output to a file-like object",[31,89781,89782,89785],{},[15,89783,89784],{},"flush"," forces output to appear immediately",[24,89787,89788,89789,1139,89791,168],{},"The most important ones for beginners are ",[15,89790,89768],{},[15,89792,52990],{},[80,89794,89796,36944],{"id":89795},"sep-argument",[15,89797,89768],{},[24,89799,2336,89800,89802],{},[15,89801,89768],{}," argument changes the separator between multiple printed values.",[24,89804,89805],{},"The default separator is a single space.",[265,89807,89809],{"id":89808},"default-behavior","Default behavior",[85,89811,89813],{"className":87,"code":89812,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n",[15,89814,89815],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,89816,89817,89819,89821,89823,89825,89827,89829,89831,89833,89835,89837,89839,89841,89843],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,89818,326],{"class":145},[94,89820,149],{"class":108},[94,89822,332],{"class":331},[94,89824,13419],{"class":335},[94,89826,332],{"class":331},[94,89828,116],{"class":108},[94,89830,1040],{"class":331},[94,89832,17785],{"class":335},[94,89834,332],{"class":331},[94,89836,116],{"class":108},[94,89838,1040],{"class":331},[94,89840,13436],{"class":335},[94,89842,332],{"class":331},[94,89844,316],{"class":108},[24,89846,371],{},[85,89848,89850],{"className":87,"code":89849,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"red green blue\n",[15,89851,89852],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,89853,89854],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,89855,89849],{"class":100},[265,89857,89859],{"id":89858},"custom-separator","Custom separator",[85,89861,89863],{"className":87,"code":89862,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\",\")\nprint(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\" - \")\n",[15,89864,89865,89908],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,89866,89867,89869,89871,89873,89875,89877,89879,89881,89883,89885,89887,89889,89891,89893,89895,89898,89900,89902,89904,89906],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,89868,326],{"class":145},[94,89870,149],{"class":108},[94,89872,332],{"class":331},[94,89874,13419],{"class":335},[94,89876,332],{"class":331},[94,89878,116],{"class":108},[94,89880,1040],{"class":331},[94,89882,17785],{"class":335},[94,89884,332],{"class":331},[94,89886,116],{"class":108},[94,89888,1040],{"class":331},[94,89890,13436],{"class":335},[94,89892,332],{"class":331},[94,89894,116],{"class":108},[94,89896,89897],{"class":1218}," sep",[94,89899,105],{"class":104},[94,89901,332],{"class":331},[94,89903,116],{"class":335},[94,89905,332],{"class":331},[94,89907,316],{"class":108},[94,89909,89910,89912,89914,89916,89918,89920,89922,89924,89926,89928,89930,89932,89934,89936,89938,89940,89942,89944,89947,89949],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,89911,326],{"class":145},[94,89913,149],{"class":108},[94,89915,332],{"class":331},[94,89917,13419],{"class":335},[94,89919,332],{"class":331},[94,89921,116],{"class":108},[94,89923,1040],{"class":331},[94,89925,17785],{"class":335},[94,89927,332],{"class":331},[94,89929,116],{"class":108},[94,89931,1040],{"class":331},[94,89933,13436],{"class":335},[94,89935,332],{"class":331},[94,89937,116],{"class":108},[94,89939,89897],{"class":1218},[94,89941,105],{"class":104},[94,89943,332],{"class":331},[94,89945,89946],{"class":335}," - ",[94,89948,332],{"class":331},[94,89950,316],{"class":108},[24,89952,371],{},[85,89954,89956],{"className":87,"code":89955,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"red,green,blue\nred - green - blue\n",[15,89957,89958,89970],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,89959,89960,89962,89964,89966,89968],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,89961,13419],{"class":100},[94,89963,116],{"class":108},[94,89965,17785],{"class":100},[94,89967,116],{"class":108},[94,89969,70305],{"class":100},[94,89971,89972,89975,89977,89980,89982],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,89973,89974],{"class":100},"red ",[94,89976,2380],{"class":104},[94,89978,89979],{"class":100}," green ",[94,89981,2380],{"class":104},[94,89983,36209],{"class":100},[24,89985,89986,89988],{},[15,89987,89768],{}," only matters when you print more than one argument.",[24,89990,89991,89992,168],{},"This is useful for simple formatting without building one long string yourself. If you want more control over formatting, see ",[434,89993,89995],{"href":89994},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-format-strings-in-python\u002F","how to format strings in Python",[80,89997,89999,36944],{"id":89998},"end-argument",[15,90000,52990],{},[24,90002,90003,90004,90006,90007,90009],{},"By default, ",[15,90005,46783],{}," ends with a newline. That means the next ",[15,90008,46783],{}," starts on a new line.",[265,90011,89809],{"id":90012},"default-behavior-1",[85,90014,90016],{"className":87,"code":90015,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,90017,90018,90032],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,90019,90020,90022,90024,90026,90028,90030],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,90021,326],{"class":145},[94,90023,149],{"class":108},[94,90025,332],{"class":331},[94,90027,35196],{"class":335},[94,90029,332],{"class":331},[94,90031,316],{"class":108},[94,90033,90034,90036,90038,90040,90043,90045],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,90035,326],{"class":145},[94,90037,149],{"class":108},[94,90039,332],{"class":331},[94,90041,90042],{"class":335},"World",[94,90044,332],{"class":331},[94,90046,316],{"class":108},[24,90048,371],{},[85,90050,90052],{"className":87,"code":90051,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"Hello\nWorld\n",[15,90053,90054,90058],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,90055,90056],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,90057,89251],{"class":100},[94,90059,90060],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,90061,90062],{"class":100},"World\n",[265,90064,90066],{"id":90065},"stay-on-the-same-line","Stay on the same line",[85,90068,90070],{"className":87,"code":90069,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,90071,90072,90094],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,90073,90074,90076,90078,90080,90082,90084,90086,90088,90090,90092],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,90075,326],{"class":145},[94,90077,149],{"class":108},[94,90079,332],{"class":331},[94,90081,35196],{"class":335},[94,90083,332],{"class":331},[94,90085,116],{"class":108},[94,90087,65364],{"class":1218},[94,90089,105],{"class":104},[94,90091,6604],{"class":331},[94,90093,316],{"class":108},[94,90095,90096,90098,90100,90102,90104,90106],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,90097,326],{"class":145},[94,90099,149],{"class":108},[94,90101,332],{"class":331},[94,90103,90042],{"class":335},[94,90105,332],{"class":331},[94,90107,316],{"class":108},[24,90109,371],{},[85,90111,90113],{"className":87,"code":90112,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"HelloWorld\n",[15,90114,90115],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,90116,90117],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,90118,90112],{"class":100},[265,90120,90122],{"id":90121},"add-a-custom-ending","Add a custom ending",[85,90124,90126],{"className":87,"code":90125,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"!\\n\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,90127,90128,90157],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,90129,90130,90132,90134,90136,90138,90140,90142,90144,90146,90148,90151,90153,90155],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,90131,326],{"class":145},[94,90133,149],{"class":108},[94,90135,332],{"class":331},[94,90137,35196],{"class":335},[94,90139,332],{"class":331},[94,90141,116],{"class":108},[94,90143,65364],{"class":1218},[94,90145,105],{"class":104},[94,90147,332],{"class":331},[94,90149,90150],{"class":335},"!",[94,90152,87455],{"class":34784},[94,90154,332],{"class":331},[94,90156,316],{"class":108},[94,90158,90159,90161,90163,90165,90167,90169],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,90160,326],{"class":145},[94,90162,149],{"class":108},[94,90164,332],{"class":331},[94,90166,90042],{"class":335},[94,90168,332],{"class":331},[94,90170,316],{"class":108},[24,90172,371],{},[85,90174,90176],{"className":87,"code":90175,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"Hello!\nWorld\n",[15,90177,90178,90183],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,90179,90180],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,90181,90182],{"class":100},"Hello!\n",[94,90184,90185],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,90186,90062],{"class":100},[24,90188,2336,90189,90191],{},[15,90190,52990],{}," argument is useful for:",[28,90193,90194,90197,90200],{},[31,90195,90196],{},"progress messages",[31,90198,90199],{},"inline output",[31,90201,90202],{},"custom punctuation at the end of printed text",[80,90204,90206,74,90208],{"id":90205},"print-returns-none",[15,90207,46783],{},[15,90209,77],{},[24,90211,90212,90213,90215],{},"A common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,90214,46783],{}," to return the text it shows.",[24,90217,2566],{},[85,90219,90221],{"className":87,"code":90220,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"result = print(\"Hi\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,90222,90223,90243],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,90224,90225,90227,90229,90232,90234,90236,90239,90241],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,90226,305],{"class":100},[94,90228,105],{"class":104},[94,90230,90231],{"class":145}," print",[94,90233,149],{"class":108},[94,90235,332],{"class":331},[94,90237,90238],{"class":335},"Hi",[94,90240,332],{"class":331},[94,90242,316],{"class":108},[94,90244,90245,90247,90249,90251],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,90246,326],{"class":145},[94,90248,149],{"class":108},[94,90250,902],{"class":152},[94,90252,316],{"class":108},[24,90254,371],{},[85,90256,90258],{"className":87,"code":90257,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"Hi\nNone\n",[15,90259,90260,90265],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,90261,90262],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,90263,90264],{"class":100},"Hi\n",[94,90266,90267],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,90268,1593],{"class":1224},[24,90270,90271],{},"Why does this happen?",[28,90273,90274,90282,90287],{},[31,90275,90276,90279,90280],{},[15,90277,90278],{},"print(\"Hi\")"," displays ",[15,90281,90238],{},[31,90283,90284,90285],{},"but the function itself returns ",[15,90286,77],{},[31,90288,1628,90289,12247,90291],{},[15,90290,902],{},[15,90292,77],{},[24,90294,90295,90296,90298],{},"If you need to keep a value, assign the value itself instead of the ",[15,90297,46783],{}," call.",[85,90300,90302],{"className":87,"code":90301,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"message = \"Hi\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,90303,90304,90317],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,90305,90306,90309,90311,90313,90315],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,90307,90308],{"class":100},"message ",[94,90310,105],{"class":104},[94,90312,1040],{"class":331},[94,90314,90238],{"class":335},[94,90316,1812],{"class":331},[94,90318,90319,90321,90323,90326],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,90320,326],{"class":145},[94,90322,149],{"class":108},[94,90324,90325],{"class":152},"message",[94,90327,316],{"class":108},[24,90329,90330,90331,90333,90334,90338],{},"This idea becomes clearer when you compare ",[15,90332,46783],{}," with functions like ",[434,90335,90336],{"href":8554},[15,90337,3314],{},", which do return a value.",[80,90340,90342,90343],{"id":90341},"when-beginners-use-print","When beginners use ",[15,90344,46783],{},[24,90346,90347,90348,90350],{},"Beginners use ",[15,90349,46783],{}," in many simple but important ways:",[28,90352,90353,90356,90359,90362],{},[31,90354,90355],{},"to display results to the user",[31,90357,90358],{},"to show messages in a script",[31,90360,90361],{},"to check variable values while debugging",[31,90363,90364],{},"to inspect loops and function behavior",[24,90366,2566],{},[85,90368,90370],{"className":87,"code":90369,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"total = 0\n\nfor number in range(1, 4):\n    total += number\n    print(\"Current number:\", number, \"Total:\", total)\n",[15,90371,90372,90380,90384,90404,90415],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,90373,90374,90376,90378],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,90375,41513],{"class":100},[94,90377,105],{"class":104},[94,90379,38843],{"class":112},[94,90381,90382],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,90383,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,90385,90386,90388,90390,90392,90394,90396,90398,90400,90402],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,90387,6289],{"class":4221},[94,90389,6719],{"class":100},[94,90391,4228],{"class":4221},[94,90393,54398],{"class":145},[94,90395,149],{"class":108},[94,90397,412],{"class":112},[94,90399,116],{"class":108},[94,90401,624],{"class":112},[94,90403,8676],{"class":108},[94,90405,90406,90409,90412],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,90407,90408],{"class":100},"    total ",[94,90410,90411],{"class":104},"+=",[94,90413,90414],{"class":100}," number\n",[94,90416,90417,90419,90421,90423,90426,90428,90430,90432,90434,90436,90438,90440,90442,90444],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,90418,8404],{"class":145},[94,90420,149],{"class":108},[94,90422,332],{"class":331},[94,90424,90425],{"class":335},"Current number:",[94,90427,332],{"class":331},[94,90429,116],{"class":108},[94,90431,2555],{"class":152},[94,90433,116],{"class":108},[94,90435,1040],{"class":331},[94,90437,45895],{"class":335},[94,90439,332],{"class":331},[94,90441,116],{"class":108},[94,90443,45902],{"class":152},[94,90445,316],{"class":108},[24,90447,371],{},[85,90449,90451],{"className":87,"code":90450,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"Current number: 1 Total: 1\nCurrent number: 2 Total: 3\nCurrent number: 3 Total: 6\n",[15,90452,90453,90469,90483],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,90454,90455,90458,90460,90462,90465,90467],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,90456,90457],{"class":100},"Current number",[94,90459,384],{"class":108},[94,90461,119],{"class":112},[94,90463,90464],{"class":100}," Total",[94,90466,384],{"class":108},[94,90468,29945],{"class":112},[94,90470,90471,90473,90475,90477,90479,90481],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,90472,90457],{"class":100},[94,90474,384],{"class":108},[94,90476,124],{"class":112},[94,90478,90464],{"class":100},[94,90480,384],{"class":108},[94,90482,2932],{"class":112},[94,90484,90485,90487,90489,90491,90493,90495],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,90486,90457],{"class":100},[94,90488,384],{"class":108},[94,90490,421],{"class":112},[94,90492,90464],{"class":100},[94,90494,384],{"class":108},[94,90496,90497],{"class":112}," 6\n",[24,90499,90500,90501,168],{},"This kind of output is very helpful when you are trying to understand what your code is doing. For more debugging help, see ",[434,90502,90504],{"href":90503},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-debug-python-code-beginner-guide\u002F","how to debug Python code",[80,90506,3186],{"id":3185},[24,90508,90509,90510,168],{},"Here are some common beginner problems when using ",[15,90511,46783],{},[265,90513,90515],{"id":90514},"forgetting-quotes-around-text","Forgetting quotes around text",[24,90517,90518],{},"This causes Python to think the word is a variable name.",[85,90520,90522],{"className":87,"code":90521,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(Hello)\n",[15,90523,90524],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,90525,90526,90528,90530,90532],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,90527,326],{"class":145},[94,90529,149],{"class":108},[94,90531,35196],{"class":152},[94,90533,316],{"class":108},[24,90535,9208,90536,90538],{},[15,90537,35196],{}," is not defined, Python raises an error.",[24,90540,1727],{},[85,90542,90544],{"className":87,"code":90543,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,90545,90546],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,90547,90548,90550,90552,90554,90556,90558],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,90549,326],{"class":145},[94,90551,149],{"class":108},[94,90553,332],{"class":331},[94,90555,35196],{"class":335},[94,90557,332],{"class":331},[94,90559,316],{"class":108},[265,90561,1484,90563,90565],{"id":90562},"using-print-without-parentheses-in-python-3",[15,90564,326],{}," without parentheses in Python 3",[24,90567,90568],{},"This is incorrect in Python 3:",[85,90570,90572],{"className":87,"code":90571,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print \"Hello\"\n",[15,90573,90574],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,90575,90576,90578,90580,90582],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,90577,326],{"class":145},[94,90579,1040],{"class":331},[94,90581,35196],{"class":335},[94,90583,1812],{"class":331},[24,90585,1727],{},[85,90587,90588],{"className":87,"code":90543,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,90589,90590],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,90591,90592,90594,90596,90598,90600,90602],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,90593,326],{"class":145},[94,90595,149],{"class":108},[94,90597,332],{"class":331},[94,90599,35196],{"class":335},[94,90601,332],{"class":331},[94,90603,316],{"class":108},[265,90605,90607,90608],{"id":90606},"trying-to-join-strings-and-numbers-with","Trying to join strings and numbers with ",[15,90609,2417],{},[24,90611,90612,90613,168],{},"This causes a ",[15,90614,3361],{},[85,90616,90617],{"className":87,"code":89706,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,90618,90619,90627],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,90620,90621,90623,90625],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,90622,21959],{"class":100},[94,90624,105],{"class":104},[94,90626,2942],{"class":112},[94,90628,90629,90631,90633,90635,90637,90639,90641,90643],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,90630,326],{"class":145},[94,90632,149],{"class":108},[94,90634,332],{"class":331},[94,90636,89727],{"class":335},[94,90638,332],{"class":331},[94,90640,2811],{"class":104},[94,90642,9521],{"class":152},[94,90644,316],{"class":108},[24,90646,90647],{},"Fix it by using multiple arguments:",[85,90649,90651],{"className":87,"code":90650,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,90652,90653],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,90654,90655,90657,90659,90661,90663,90665,90667,90669],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,90656,326],{"class":145},[94,90658,149],{"class":108},[94,90660,332],{"class":331},[94,90662,89628],{"class":335},[94,90664,332],{"class":331},[94,90666,116],{"class":108},[94,90668,9521],{"class":152},[94,90670,316],{"class":108},[24,90672,90673],{},"Or convert the number first:",[85,90675,90677],{"className":87,"code":90676,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(\"Age: \" + str(age))\n",[15,90678,90679],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,90680,90681,90683,90685,90687,90689,90691,90693,90695,90697,90699],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,90682,326],{"class":145},[94,90684,149],{"class":108},[94,90686,332],{"class":331},[94,90688,89727],{"class":335},[94,90690,332],{"class":331},[94,90692,2811],{"class":104},[94,90694,49236],{"class":913},[94,90696,149],{"class":108},[94,90698,9631],{"class":152},[94,90700,921],{"class":108},[24,90702,90703,90704,168],{},"If you see this error, read ",[434,90705,90707],{"href":90706},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-can-only-concatenate-str-not-int-to-str-fix\u002F","TypeError: can only concatenate str not int to str",[265,90709,8786,90711,90713],{"id":90710},"expecting-print-to-return-a-value",[15,90712,46783],{}," to return a value",[24,90715,90716,90717,35657,90720,384],{},"This does not store ",[15,90718,90719],{},"\"Hello\"",[15,90721,902],{},[85,90723,90725],{"className":87,"code":90724,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"result = print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,90726,90727],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,90728,90729,90731,90733,90735,90737,90739,90741,90743],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,90730,305],{"class":100},[94,90732,105],{"class":104},[94,90734,90231],{"class":145},[94,90736,149],{"class":108},[94,90738,332],{"class":331},[94,90740,35196],{"class":335},[94,90742,332],{"class":331},[94,90744,316],{"class":108},[24,90746,90747,90748,168],{},"It stores ",[15,90749,77],{},[265,90751,90753,90754,1139,90756],{"id":90752},"misunderstanding-sep-and-end","Misunderstanding ",[15,90755,89768],{},[15,90757,52990],{},[24,90759,86114],{},[28,90761,90762,90771],{},[31,90763,90764,90766,90767,90770],{},[15,90765,89768],{}," changes what goes ",[43,90768,90769],{},"between"," multiple values",[31,90772,90773,90775,90776,90779],{},[15,90774,52990],{}," changes what appears ",[43,90777,90778],{},"after"," the output",[80,90781,90783],{"id":90782},"useful-debugging-commands","Useful debugging commands",[24,90785,90786,90787,90789],{},"These simple ",[15,90788,46783],{}," examples can help you inspect your code:",[85,90791,90793],{"className":87,"code":90792,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)\nprint(type(variable_name))\nhelp(print)\n",[15,90794,90795,90815,90830],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,90796,90797,90799,90801,90803,90806,90808,90810,90813],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,90798,326],{"class":145},[94,90800,149],{"class":108},[94,90802,332],{"class":331},[94,90804,90805],{"class":335},"Debug:",[94,90807,332],{"class":331},[94,90809,116],{"class":108},[94,90811,90812],{"class":152}," variable_name",[94,90814,316],{"class":108},[94,90816,90817,90819,90821,90823,90825,90828],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,90818,326],{"class":145},[94,90820,149],{"class":108},[94,90822,914],{"class":913},[94,90824,149],{"class":108},[94,90826,90827],{"class":152},"variable_name",[94,90829,921],{"class":108},[94,90831,90832,90834,90836,90838],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,90833,2080],{"class":145},[94,90835,149],{"class":108},[94,90837,326],{"class":145},[94,90839,316],{"class":108},[24,90841,90842],{},"What they do:",[28,90844,90845,90851,90857],{},[31,90846,90847,90850],{},[15,90848,90849],{},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)"," shows the current value",[31,90852,90853,90856],{},[15,90854,90855],{},"print(type(variable_name))"," shows the value's type",[31,90858,90859,90862,90863],{},[15,90860,90861],{},"help(print)"," shows Python's built-in help for ",[15,90864,46783],{},[80,90866,2160],{"id":2159},[265,90868,13029,90870,90872],{"id":90869},"does-print-add-a-new-line-automatically",[15,90871,46783],{}," add a new line automatically?",[24,90874,90875,90876,90878,90879,36950],{},"Yes. By default, ",[15,90877,46783],{}," ends with a newline. You can change this with the ",[15,90880,52990],{},[265,90882,2191,90884,90886],{"id":90883},"can-print-show-more-than-one-value",[15,90885,46783],{}," show more than one value?",[24,90888,90889,90890,90892],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple arguments, and ",[15,90891,46783],{}," separates them with a space by default.",[265,90894,2179,90896,2182,90899,2170],{"id":90895},"why-does-printhello-return-none",[15,90897,90898],{},"print(\"Hello\")",[15,90900,77],{},[24,90902,29392,90903,90905],{},[15,90904,46783],{}," is used for displaying output, not for returning data.",[265,90907,90909],{"id":90908},"how-do-i-print-text-and-a-number-together","How do I print text and a number together?",[24,90911,90912],{},"Use multiple arguments:",[85,90914,90916],{"className":87,"code":90915,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(\"Age:\", 10)\n",[15,90917,90918],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,90919,90920,90922,90924,90926,90928,90930,90932,90934],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,90921,326],{"class":145},[94,90923,149],{"class":108},[94,90925,332],{"class":331},[94,90927,89628],{"class":335},[94,90929,332],{"class":331},[94,90931,116],{"class":108},[94,90933,6336],{"class":112},[94,90935,316],{"class":108},[24,90937,90938,90939,2214],{},"You can also convert the number with ",[15,90940,48015],{},[265,90942,5514,90944,1139,90946,2170],{"id":90943},"what-is-the-difference-between-sep-and-end",[15,90945,89768],{},[15,90947,52990],{},[28,90949,90950,90955],{},[31,90951,90952,90954],{},[15,90953,89768],{}," changes the separator between multiple values",[31,90956,90957,90959],{},[15,90958,52990],{}," changes what appears after the output",[80,90961,2232],{"id":2231},[28,90963,90964,90968,90974,90980,90985,90990],{},[31,90965,90966],{},[434,90967,51307],{"href":51306},[31,90969,90970],{},[434,90971,13,90972,439],{"href":8554},[15,90973,3314],{},[31,90975,90976],{},[434,90977,13,90978,439],{"href":42505},[15,90979,48015],{},[31,90981,90982],{},[434,90983,90984],{"href":89994},"How to format strings in Python",[31,90986,90987],{},[434,90988,90989],{"href":90503},"How to debug Python code",[31,90991,90992],{},[434,90993,90707],{"href":90706},[2260,90995,90996],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":90,"searchDepth":130,"depth":130,"links":90998},[90999,91000,91002,91003,91009,91010,91011,91016,91022,91024,91026,91037,91038,91049],{"id":2360,"depth":130,"text":2361},{"id":89172,"depth":130,"text":91001},"What print() does",{"id":2513,"depth":130,"text":2514},{"id":89408,"depth":130,"text":89409,"children":91004},[91005,91006,91007,91008],{"id":89417,"depth":137,"text":89418},{"id":89458,"depth":137,"text":89459},{"id":89490,"depth":137,"text":89491},{"id":89517,"depth":137,"text":89518},{"id":89559,"depth":130,"text":89560},{"id":89755,"depth":130,"text":89756},{"id":89795,"depth":130,"text":91012,"children":91013},"sep argument",[91014,91015],{"id":89808,"depth":137,"text":89809},{"id":89858,"depth":137,"text":89859},{"id":89998,"depth":130,"text":91017,"children":91018},"end argument",[91019,91020,91021],{"id":90012,"depth":137,"text":89809},{"id":90065,"depth":137,"text":90066},{"id":90121,"depth":137,"text":90122},{"id":90205,"depth":130,"text":91023},"print() returns None",{"id":90341,"depth":130,"text":91025},"When beginners use print()",{"id":3185,"depth":130,"text":3186,"children":91027},[91028,91029,91031,91033,91035],{"id":90514,"depth":137,"text":90515},{"id":90562,"depth":137,"text":91030},"Using print without parentheses in Python 3",{"id":90606,"depth":137,"text":91032},"Trying to join strings and numbers with +",{"id":90710,"depth":137,"text":91034},"Expecting print() to return a value",{"id":90752,"depth":137,"text":91036},"Misunderstanding sep and end",{"id":90782,"depth":130,"text":90783},{"id":2159,"depth":130,"text":2160,"children":91039},[91040,91042,91044,91046,91047],{"id":90869,"depth":137,"text":91041},"Does print() add a new line automatically?",{"id":90883,"depth":137,"text":91043},"Can print() show more than one value?",{"id":90895,"depth":137,"text":91045},"Why does print(\"Hello\") return None?",{"id":90908,"depth":137,"text":90909},{"id":90943,"depth":137,"text":91048},"What is the difference between sep and end?",{"id":2231,"depth":130,"text":2232},"Master python print function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained",{"title":89055,"description":91050},"reference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained","ahZWQtbTzoCwOmu5w2Uese6Ncgk-ftfLLIvMyuu3nQc",{"id":91057,"title":91058,"body":91059,"description":93363,"extension":2319,"meta":93364,"navigation":133,"path":93365,"seo":93366,"stem":93367,"__hash__":93368},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained.md","Python range() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":91060,"toc":93309},[91061,91066,91071,91084,91086,91151,91162,91167,91172,91174,91197,91200,91231,91233,91250,91255,91261,91266,91315,91318,91335,91341,91346,91369,91371,91399,91405,91413,91440,91442,91467,91473,91476,91507,91509,91538,91542,91545,91550,91572,91574,91602,91608,91614,91640,91642,91666,91672,91678,91708,91710,91738,91748,91752,91758,91791,91793,91822,91825,91828,91861,91863,91871,91877,91879,91902,91907,91916,91921,91935,91937,91977,91979,92009,92013,92048,92054,92058,92102,92104,92134,92140,92143,92222,92224,92246,92254,92257,92320,92328,92403,92409,92416,92421,92426,92449,92451,92472,92474,92487,92489,92536,92538,92577,92586,92588,92592,92596,92599,92626,92629,92658,92661,92685,92688,92696,92702,92724,92726,92754,92758,92763,92818,92823,92825,92882,92889,92898,92901,92933,92935,92943,92946,92952,92954,92977,92980,92986,92989,93008,93010,93029,93032,93054,93056,93084,93088,93092,93197,93199,93212,93214,93220,93223,93231,93236,93242,93248,93253,93261,93267,93274,93276,93306],[10,91062,13,91064,3930],{"id":91063},"python-range-function-explained",[15,91065,36526],{},[24,91067,32648,91068,91070],{},[15,91069,36526],{}," function creates a sequence of numbers.",[24,91072,91073,91074,91076,91077,91079,91080,91083],{},"Beginners usually use it in ",[15,91075,6289],{}," loops to repeat something a certain number of times or to work with number patterns. A very important detail is that ",[15,91078,36526],{}," stops ",[43,91081,91082],{},"before"," the end value.",[80,91085,2361],{"id":2360},[85,91087,91089],{"className":87,"code":91088,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n\n# Output:\n# 0\n# 1\n# 2\n# 3\n# 4\n",[15,91090,91091,91107,91117,91121,91126,91131,91136,91141,91146],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,91092,91093,91095,91097,91099,91101,91103,91105],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,91094,6289],{"class":4221},[94,91096,69872],{"class":100},[94,91098,4228],{"class":4221},[94,91100,54398],{"class":145},[94,91102,149],{"class":108},[94,91104,615],{"class":112},[94,91106,8676],{"class":108},[94,91108,91109,91111,91113,91115],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,91110,8404],{"class":145},[94,91112,149],{"class":108},[94,91114,36482],{"class":152},[94,91116,316],{"class":108},[94,91118,91119],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,91120,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,91122,91123],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,91124,91125],{"class":159},"# Output:\n",[94,91127,91128],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,91129,91130],{"class":159},"# 0\n",[94,91132,91133],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,91134,91135],{"class":159},"# 1\n",[94,91137,91138],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,91139,91140],{"class":159},"# 2\n",[94,91142,91143],{"class":96,"line":702},[94,91144,91145],{"class":159},"# 3\n",[94,91147,91148],{"class":96,"line":6763},[94,91149,91150],{"class":159},"# 4\n",[24,91152,91153,91156,91157,91159,91160,168],{},[15,91154,91155],{},"range(5)"," creates numbers starting at ",[15,91158,2476],{}," and stopping before ",[15,91161,615],{},[80,91163,215,91165,218],{"id":91164},"what-range-does",[15,91166,36526],{},[24,91168,91169,91171],{},[15,91170,36526],{}," is used to generate numbers in order.",[24,91173,13378],{},[28,91175,91176,91181,91187,91192],{},[31,91177,91178,91180],{},[15,91179,36526],{}," creates a sequence of numbers",[31,91182,91183,91184,91186],{},"It is commonly used with ",[15,91185,6289],{}," loops",[31,91188,91189,91190],{},"The stop value is ",[43,91191,65393],{},[31,91193,17751,91194,91196],{},[15,91195,60323],{}," object, not a regular list",[24,91198,91199],{},"You will often see it with a loop like this:",[85,91201,91203],{"className":87,"code":91202,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"for number in range(3):\n    print(number)\n",[15,91204,91205,91221],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,91206,91207,91209,91211,91213,91215,91217,91219],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,91208,6289],{"class":4221},[94,91210,6719],{"class":100},[94,91212,4228],{"class":4221},[94,91214,54398],{"class":145},[94,91216,149],{"class":108},[94,91218,113],{"class":112},[94,91220,8676],{"class":108},[94,91222,91223,91225,91227,91229],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,91224,8404],{"class":145},[94,91226,149],{"class":108},[94,91228,2598],{"class":152},[94,91230,316],{"class":108},[24,91232,371],{},[85,91234,91236],{"className":87,"code":91235,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"0\n1\n2\n",[15,91237,91238,91242,91246],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,91239,91240],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,91241,47583],{"class":112},[94,91243,91244],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,91245,47248],{"class":112},[94,91247,91248],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,91249,17385],{"class":112},[24,91251,91252,91253,168],{},"If you are still learning loops, see ",[434,91254,36356],{"href":36355},[80,91256,91258,91260],{"id":91257},"range-syntax",[15,91259,36526],{}," syntax",[24,91262,91263,91265],{},[15,91264,36526],{}," has three common forms:",[85,91267,91269],{"className":87,"code":91268,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"range(stop)\nrange(start, stop)\nrange(start, stop, step)\n",[15,91270,91271,91281,91296],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,91272,91273,91275,91277,91279],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,91274,60323],{"class":145},[94,91276,149],{"class":108},[94,91278,75742],{"class":152},[94,91280,316],{"class":108},[94,91282,91283,91285,91287,91289,91291,91294],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,91284,60323],{"class":145},[94,91286,149],{"class":108},[94,91288,36400],{"class":152},[94,91290,116],{"class":108},[94,91292,91293],{"class":152}," stop",[94,91295,316],{"class":108},[94,91297,91298,91300,91302,91304,91306,91308,91310,91313],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,91299,60323],{"class":145},[94,91301,149],{"class":108},[94,91303,36400],{"class":152},[94,91305,116],{"class":108},[94,91307,91293],{"class":152},[94,91309,116],{"class":108},[94,91311,91312],{"class":152}," step",[94,91314,316],{"class":108},[24,91316,91317],{},"Meaning of each argument:",[28,91319,91320,91325,91330],{},[31,91321,91322,91324],{},[15,91323,36400],{}," = first number",[31,91326,91327,91329],{},[15,91328,75742],{}," = end limit, not included",[31,91331,91332,91334],{},[15,91333,75745],{}," = amount to move each time",[265,91336,91338],{"id":91337},"rangestop",[15,91339,91340],{},"range(stop)",[24,91342,91343,91344,168],{},"When you give one value, Python treats it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,91345,2476],{},[85,91347,91349],{"className":87,"code":91348,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(list(range(5)))\n",[15,91350,91351],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,91352,91353,91355,91357,91359,91361,91363,91365,91367],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,91354,326],{"class":145},[94,91356,149],{"class":108},[94,91358,965],{"class":913},[94,91360,149],{"class":108},[94,91362,60323],{"class":145},[94,91364,149],{"class":108},[94,91366,615],{"class":112},[94,91368,3268],{"class":108},[24,91370,371],{},[85,91372,91373],{"className":87,"code":60346,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,91374,91375],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,91376,91377,91379,91381,91383,91385,91387,91389,91391,91393,91395,91397],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,91378,539],{"class":108},[94,91380,2476],{"class":112},[94,91382,116],{"class":108},[94,91384,119],{"class":112},[94,91386,116],{"class":108},[94,91388,124],{"class":112},[94,91390,116],{"class":108},[94,91392,421],{"class":112},[94,91394,116],{"class":108},[94,91396,624],{"class":112},[94,91398,127],{"class":108},[265,91400,91402],{"id":91401},"rangestart-stop",[15,91403,91404],{},"range(start, stop)",[24,91406,91407,91408,91410,91411,168],{},"This starts at ",[15,91409,36400],{}," and stops before ",[15,91412,75742],{},[85,91414,91416],{"className":87,"code":91415,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(list(range(2, 6)))\n",[15,91417,91418],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,91419,91420,91422,91424,91426,91428,91430,91432,91434,91436,91438],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,91421,326],{"class":145},[94,91423,149],{"class":108},[94,91425,965],{"class":913},[94,91427,149],{"class":108},[94,91429,60323],{"class":145},[94,91431,149],{"class":108},[94,91433,763],{"class":112},[94,91435,116],{"class":108},[94,91437,37973],{"class":112},[94,91439,3268],{"class":108},[24,91441,371],{},[85,91443,91445],{"className":87,"code":91444,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"[2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,91446,91447],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,91448,91449,91451,91453,91455,91457,91459,91461,91463,91465],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,91450,539],{"class":108},[94,91452,763],{"class":112},[94,91454,116],{"class":108},[94,91456,421],{"class":112},[94,91458,116],{"class":108},[94,91460,624],{"class":112},[94,91462,116],{"class":108},[94,91464,772],{"class":112},[94,91466,127],{"class":108},[265,91468,91470],{"id":91469},"rangestart-stop-step",[15,91471,91472],{},"range(start, stop, step)",[24,91474,91475],{},"This also lets you control how much the value changes each time.",[85,91477,91479],{"className":87,"code":91478,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(list(range(1, 10, 2)))\n",[15,91480,91481],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,91482,91483,91485,91487,91489,91491,91493,91495,91497,91499,91501,91503,91505],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,91484,326],{"class":145},[94,91486,149],{"class":108},[94,91488,965],{"class":913},[94,91490,149],{"class":108},[94,91492,60323],{"class":145},[94,91494,149],{"class":108},[94,91496,412],{"class":112},[94,91498,116],{"class":108},[94,91500,6336],{"class":112},[94,91502,116],{"class":108},[94,91504,124],{"class":112},[94,91506,3268],{"class":108},[24,91508,371],{},[85,91510,91512],{"className":87,"code":91511,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]\n",[15,91513,91514],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,91515,91516,91518,91520,91522,91524,91526,91528,91530,91532,91534,91536],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,91517,539],{"class":108},[94,91519,412],{"class":112},[94,91521,116],{"class":108},[94,91523,421],{"class":112},[94,91525,116],{"class":108},[94,91527,772],{"class":112},[94,91529,116],{"class":108},[94,91531,6325],{"class":112},[94,91533,116],{"class":108},[94,91535,54464],{"class":112},[94,91537,127],{"class":108},[80,91539,91541],{"id":91540},"how-the-arguments-work","How the arguments work",[24,91543,91544],{},"Here are the most common patterns beginners use.",[265,91546,91548],{"id":91547},"range5",[15,91549,91155],{},[85,91551,91552],{"className":87,"code":91348,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,91553,91554],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,91555,91556,91558,91560,91562,91564,91566,91568,91570],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,91557,326],{"class":145},[94,91559,149],{"class":108},[94,91561,965],{"class":913},[94,91563,149],{"class":108},[94,91565,60323],{"class":145},[94,91567,149],{"class":108},[94,91569,615],{"class":112},[94,91571,3268],{"class":108},[24,91573,371],{},[85,91575,91576],{"className":87,"code":60346,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,91577,91578],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,91579,91580,91582,91584,91586,91588,91590,91592,91594,91596,91598,91600],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,91581,539],{"class":108},[94,91583,2476],{"class":112},[94,91585,116],{"class":108},[94,91587,119],{"class":112},[94,91589,116],{"class":108},[94,91591,124],{"class":112},[94,91593,116],{"class":108},[94,91595,421],{"class":112},[94,91597,116],{"class":108},[94,91599,624],{"class":112},[94,91601,127],{"class":108},[24,91603,91407,91604,91410,91606,168],{},[15,91605,2476],{},[15,91607,615],{},[265,91609,91611],{"id":91610},"range2-6",[15,91612,91613],{},"range(2, 6)",[85,91615,91616],{"className":87,"code":91415,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,91617,91618],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,91619,91620,91622,91624,91626,91628,91630,91632,91634,91636,91638],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,91621,326],{"class":145},[94,91623,149],{"class":108},[94,91625,965],{"class":913},[94,91627,149],{"class":108},[94,91629,60323],{"class":145},[94,91631,149],{"class":108},[94,91633,763],{"class":112},[94,91635,116],{"class":108},[94,91637,37973],{"class":112},[94,91639,3268],{"class":108},[24,91641,371],{},[85,91643,91644],{"className":87,"code":91444,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,91645,91646],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,91647,91648,91650,91652,91654,91656,91658,91660,91662,91664],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,91649,539],{"class":108},[94,91651,763],{"class":112},[94,91653,116],{"class":108},[94,91655,421],{"class":112},[94,91657,116],{"class":108},[94,91659,624],{"class":112},[94,91661,116],{"class":108},[94,91663,772],{"class":112},[94,91665,127],{"class":108},[24,91667,91407,91668,91410,91670,168],{},[15,91669,763],{},[15,91671,80899],{},[265,91673,91675],{"id":91674},"range1-10-2",[15,91676,91677],{},"range(1, 10, 2)",[85,91679,91680],{"className":87,"code":91478,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,91681,91682],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,91683,91684,91686,91688,91690,91692,91694,91696,91698,91700,91702,91704,91706],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,91685,326],{"class":145},[94,91687,149],{"class":108},[94,91689,965],{"class":913},[94,91691,149],{"class":108},[94,91693,60323],{"class":145},[94,91695,149],{"class":108},[94,91697,412],{"class":112},[94,91699,116],{"class":108},[94,91701,6336],{"class":112},[94,91703,116],{"class":108},[94,91705,124],{"class":112},[94,91707,3268],{"class":108},[24,91709,371],{},[85,91711,91712],{"className":87,"code":91511,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,91713,91714],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,91715,91716,91718,91720,91722,91724,91726,91728,91730,91732,91734,91736],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,91717,539],{"class":108},[94,91719,412],{"class":112},[94,91721,116],{"class":108},[94,91723,421],{"class":112},[94,91725,116],{"class":108},[94,91727,772],{"class":112},[94,91729,116],{"class":108},[94,91731,6325],{"class":112},[94,91733,116],{"class":108},[94,91735,54464],{"class":112},[94,91737,127],{"class":108},[24,91739,91740,91741,91743,91744,61626,91746,168],{},"This moves by ",[15,91742,763],{}," each time, so it gives odd numbers from ",[15,91745,412],{},[15,91747,2500],{},[265,91749,91751],{"id":91750},"using-a-negative-step","Using a negative step",[24,91753,91754,91755,91757],{},"A negative step makes ",[15,91756,36526],{}," count backward.",[85,91759,91761],{"className":87,"code":91760,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(list(range(5, 0, -1)))\n",[15,91762,91763],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,91764,91765,91767,91769,91771,91773,91775,91777,91779,91781,91783,91785,91787,91789],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,91766,326],{"class":145},[94,91768,149],{"class":108},[94,91770,965],{"class":913},[94,91772,149],{"class":108},[94,91774,60323],{"class":145},[94,91776,149],{"class":108},[94,91778,615],{"class":112},[94,91780,116],{"class":108},[94,91782,4178],{"class":112},[94,91784,116],{"class":108},[94,91786,2581],{"class":104},[94,91788,412],{"class":112},[94,91790,3268],{"class":108},[24,91792,371],{},[85,91794,91796],{"className":87,"code":91795,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]\n",[15,91797,91798],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,91799,91800,91802,91804,91806,91808,91810,91812,91814,91816,91818,91820],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,91801,539],{"class":108},[94,91803,615],{"class":112},[94,91805,116],{"class":108},[94,91807,624],{"class":112},[94,91809,116],{"class":108},[94,91811,421],{"class":112},[94,91813,116],{"class":108},[94,91815,124],{"class":112},[94,91817,116],{"class":108},[94,91819,119],{"class":112},[94,91821,127],{"class":108},[24,91823,91824],{},"This works because the numbers move downward.",[24,91826,91827],{},"If the direction does not match the step, you may get an empty result:",[85,91829,91831],{"className":87,"code":91830,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(list(range(1, 5, -1)))\n",[15,91832,91833],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,91834,91835,91837,91839,91841,91843,91845,91847,91849,91851,91853,91855,91857,91859],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,91836,326],{"class":145},[94,91838,149],{"class":108},[94,91840,965],{"class":913},[94,91842,149],{"class":108},[94,91844,60323],{"class":145},[94,91846,149],{"class":108},[94,91848,412],{"class":112},[94,91850,116],{"class":108},[94,91852,772],{"class":112},[94,91854,116],{"class":108},[94,91856,2581],{"class":104},[94,91858,412],{"class":112},[94,91860,3268],{"class":108},[24,91862,371],{},[85,91864,91865],{"className":87,"code":38627,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,91866,91867],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,91868,91869],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,91870,38627],{"class":108},[265,91872,91873,76905,91875],{"id":77129},[15,91874,75745],{},[15,91876,2476],{},[24,91878,3193],{},[85,91880,91882],{"className":87,"code":91881,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"range(1, 5, 0)\n",[15,91883,91884],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,91885,91886,91888,91890,91892,91894,91896,91898,91900],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,91887,60323],{"class":145},[94,91889,149],{"class":108},[94,91891,412],{"class":112},[94,91893,116],{"class":108},[94,91895,772],{"class":112},[94,91897,116],{"class":108},[94,91899,4178],{"class":112},[94,91901,316],{"class":108},[24,91903,77174,91904,91906],{},[15,91905,41034],{}," because it cannot move by zero.",[80,91908,1484,91910,91912,91913,91915],{"id":91909},"using-range-in-a-for-loop",[15,91911,36526],{}," in a ",[15,91914,6289],{}," loop",[24,91917,91918,91920],{},[15,91919,36526],{}," is most useful when:",[28,91922,91923,91926,91929],{},[31,91924,91925],{},"You want to repeat something a set number of times",[31,91927,91928],{},"You need the current number in each loop",[31,91930,91931,91932],{},"You are using the common pattern ",[15,91933,91934],{},"for i in range(n)",[24,91936,2566],{},[85,91938,91940],{"className":87,"code":91939,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"for i in range(3):\n    print(\"Loop number:\", i)\n",[15,91941,91942,91958],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,91943,91944,91946,91948,91950,91952,91954,91956],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,91945,6289],{"class":4221},[94,91947,69872],{"class":100},[94,91949,4228],{"class":4221},[94,91951,54398],{"class":145},[94,91953,149],{"class":108},[94,91955,113],{"class":112},[94,91957,8676],{"class":108},[94,91959,91960,91962,91964,91966,91969,91971,91973,91975],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,91961,8404],{"class":145},[94,91963,149],{"class":108},[94,91965,332],{"class":331},[94,91967,91968],{"class":335},"Loop number:",[94,91970,332],{"class":331},[94,91972,116],{"class":108},[94,91974,36457],{"class":152},[94,91976,316],{"class":108},[24,91978,371],{},[85,91980,91982],{"className":87,"code":91981,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"Loop number: 0\nLoop number: 1\nLoop number: 2\n",[15,91983,91984,91993,92001],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,91985,91986,91989,91991],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,91987,91988],{"class":100},"Loop number",[94,91990,384],{"class":108},[94,91992,38843],{"class":112},[94,91994,91995,91997,91999],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,91996,91988],{"class":100},[94,91998,384],{"class":108},[94,92000,29945],{"class":112},[94,92002,92003,92005,92007],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,92004,91988],{"class":100},[94,92006,384],{"class":108},[94,92008,45921],{"class":112},[265,92010,92012],{"id":92011},"repeating-something-a-fixed-number-of-times","Repeating something a fixed number of times",[85,92014,92016],{"className":87,"code":92015,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"for i in range(5):\n    print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,92017,92018,92034],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,92019,92020,92022,92024,92026,92028,92030,92032],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,92021,6289],{"class":4221},[94,92023,69872],{"class":100},[94,92025,4228],{"class":4221},[94,92027,54398],{"class":145},[94,92029,149],{"class":108},[94,92031,615],{"class":112},[94,92033,8676],{"class":108},[94,92035,92036,92038,92040,92042,92044,92046],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,92037,8404],{"class":145},[94,92039,149],{"class":108},[94,92041,332],{"class":331},[94,92043,35196],{"class":335},[94,92045,332],{"class":331},[94,92047,316],{"class":108},[24,92049,92050,92051,92053],{},"This prints ",[15,92052,90719],{}," five times.",[265,92055,92057],{"id":92056},"using-the-current-number","Using the current number",[85,92059,92061],{"className":87,"code":92060,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"for i in range(1, 4):\n    print(\"Current number is\", i)\n",[15,92062,92063,92083],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,92064,92065,92067,92069,92071,92073,92075,92077,92079,92081],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,92066,6289],{"class":4221},[94,92068,69872],{"class":100},[94,92070,4228],{"class":4221},[94,92072,54398],{"class":145},[94,92074,149],{"class":108},[94,92076,412],{"class":112},[94,92078,116],{"class":108},[94,92080,624],{"class":112},[94,92082,8676],{"class":108},[94,92084,92085,92087,92089,92091,92094,92096,92098,92100],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,92086,8404],{"class":145},[94,92088,149],{"class":108},[94,92090,332],{"class":331},[94,92092,92093],{"class":335},"Current number is",[94,92095,332],{"class":331},[94,92097,116],{"class":108},[94,92099,36457],{"class":152},[94,92101,316],{"class":108},[24,92103,371],{},[85,92105,92107],{"className":87,"code":92106,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"Current number is 1\nCurrent number is 2\nCurrent number is 3\n",[15,92108,92109,92118,92126],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,92110,92111,92114,92116],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,92112,92113],{"class":100},"Current number ",[94,92115,12519],{"class":104},[94,92117,29945],{"class":112},[94,92119,92120,92122,92124],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,92121,92113],{"class":100},[94,92123,12519],{"class":104},[94,92125,45921],{"class":112},[94,92127,92128,92130,92132],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,92129,92113],{"class":100},[94,92131,12519],{"class":104},[94,92133,2932],{"class":112},[265,92135,92137,92139],{"id":92136},"range-and-indexing",[15,92138,36526],{}," and indexing",[24,92141,92142],{},"You may see code like this:",[85,92144,92146],{"className":87,"code":92145,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(items)):\n    print(i, items[i])\n",[15,92147,92148,92180,92184,92204],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,92149,92150,92152,92154,92156,92158,92160,92162,92164,92166,92168,92170,92172,92174,92176,92178],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,92151,8113],{"class":100},[94,92153,105],{"class":104},[94,92155,109],{"class":108},[94,92157,332],{"class":331},[94,92159,434],{"class":335},[94,92161,332],{"class":331},[94,92163,116],{"class":108},[94,92165,1040],{"class":331},[94,92167,1937],{"class":335},[94,92169,332],{"class":331},[94,92171,116],{"class":108},[94,92173,1040],{"class":331},[94,92175,1946],{"class":335},[94,92177,332],{"class":331},[94,92179,127],{"class":108},[94,92181,92182],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,92183,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,92185,92186,92188,92190,92192,92194,92196,92198,92200,92202],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,92187,6289],{"class":4221},[94,92189,69872],{"class":100},[94,92191,4228],{"class":4221},[94,92193,54398],{"class":145},[94,92195,149],{"class":108},[94,92197,11490],{"class":145},[94,92199,149],{"class":108},[94,92201,8144],{"class":152},[94,92203,69887],{"class":108},[94,92205,92206,92208,92210,92212,92214,92216,92218,92220],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,92207,8404],{"class":145},[94,92209,149],{"class":108},[94,92211,36482],{"class":152},[94,92213,116],{"class":108},[94,92215,6297],{"class":152},[94,92217,539],{"class":108},[94,92219,36482],{"class":152},[94,92221,4234],{"class":108},[24,92223,371],{},[85,92225,92226],{"className":87,"code":36494,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,92227,92228,92234,92240],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,92229,92230,92232],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,92231,2476],{"class":112},[94,92233,36503],{"class":100},[94,92235,92236,92238],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,92237,412],{"class":112},[94,92239,36510],{"class":100},[94,92241,92242,92244],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,92243,763],{"class":112},[94,92245,36517],{"class":100},[24,92247,92248,92249,92253],{},"This works, and it uses ",[434,92250,92251],{"href":42688},[15,92252,42691],{}," to get the number of items.",[24,92255,92256],{},"But for beginners, direct looping is often simpler:",[85,92258,92260],{"className":87,"code":92259,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor item in items:\n    print(item)\n",[15,92261,92262,92294,92298,92310],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,92263,92264,92266,92268,92270,92272,92274,92276,92278,92280,92282,92284,92286,92288,92290,92292],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,92265,8113],{"class":100},[94,92267,105],{"class":104},[94,92269,109],{"class":108},[94,92271,332],{"class":331},[94,92273,434],{"class":335},[94,92275,332],{"class":331},[94,92277,116],{"class":108},[94,92279,1040],{"class":331},[94,92281,1937],{"class":335},[94,92283,332],{"class":331},[94,92285,116],{"class":108},[94,92287,1040],{"class":331},[94,92289,1946],{"class":335},[94,92291,332],{"class":331},[94,92293,127],{"class":108},[94,92295,92296],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,92297,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,92299,92300,92302,92304,92306,92308],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,92301,6289],{"class":4221},[94,92303,6292],{"class":100},[94,92305,4228],{"class":4221},[94,92307,6297],{"class":100},[94,92309,6726],{"class":108},[94,92311,92312,92314,92316,92318],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,92313,8404],{"class":145},[94,92315,149],{"class":108},[94,92317,23642],{"class":152},[94,92319,316],{"class":108},[24,92321,36921,92322,92327],{},[434,92323,92325],{"href":92324},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained\u002F",[15,92326,36077],{}," is usually a better choice:",[85,92329,92331],{"className":87,"code":92330,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor index, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(index, item)\n",[15,92332,92333,92365,92369,92389],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,92334,92335,92337,92339,92341,92343,92345,92347,92349,92351,92353,92355,92357,92359,92361,92363],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,92336,8113],{"class":100},[94,92338,105],{"class":104},[94,92340,109],{"class":108},[94,92342,332],{"class":331},[94,92344,434],{"class":335},[94,92346,332],{"class":331},[94,92348,116],{"class":108},[94,92350,1040],{"class":331},[94,92352,1937],{"class":335},[94,92354,332],{"class":331},[94,92356,116],{"class":108},[94,92358,1040],{"class":331},[94,92360,1946],{"class":335},[94,92362,332],{"class":331},[94,92364,127],{"class":108},[94,92366,92367],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,92368,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,92370,92371,92373,92375,92377,92379,92381,92383,92385,92387],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,92372,6289],{"class":4221},[94,92374,36149],{"class":100},[94,92376,116],{"class":108},[94,92378,6292],{"class":100},[94,92380,4228],{"class":4221},[94,92382,36159],{"class":145},[94,92384,149],{"class":108},[94,92386,8144],{"class":152},[94,92388,8676],{"class":108},[94,92390,92391,92393,92395,92397,92399,92401],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,92392,8404],{"class":145},[94,92394,149],{"class":108},[94,92396,36174],{"class":152},[94,92398,116],{"class":108},[94,92400,29838],{"class":152},[94,92402,316],{"class":108},[24,92404,79428,92405,168],{},[434,92406,36934,92407,36937],{"href":36933},[15,92408,36077],{},[80,92410,92412,92413,92415],{"id":92411},"converting-range-to-a-list","Converting ",[15,92414,36526],{}," to a list",[24,92417,92418,92420],{},[15,92419,36526],{}," does not directly show all numbers as a normal list.",[24,92422,92423,92424,384],{},"To see the values, convert it with ",[15,92425,25112],{},[85,92427,92429],{"className":87,"code":92428,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(list(range(3)))\n",[15,92430,92431],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,92432,92433,92435,92437,92439,92441,92443,92445,92447],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,92434,326],{"class":145},[94,92436,149],{"class":108},[94,92438,965],{"class":913},[94,92440,149],{"class":108},[94,92442,60323],{"class":145},[94,92444,149],{"class":108},[94,92446,113],{"class":112},[94,92448,3268],{"class":108},[24,92450,371],{},[85,92452,92454],{"className":87,"code":92453,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"[0, 1, 2]\n",[15,92455,92456],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,92457,92458,92460,92462,92464,92466,92468,92470],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,92459,539],{"class":108},[94,92461,2476],{"class":112},[94,92463,116],{"class":108},[94,92465,119],{"class":112},[94,92467,116],{"class":108},[94,92469,124],{"class":112},[94,92471,127],{"class":108},[24,92473,33643],{},[28,92475,92476,92481,92484],{},[31,92477,92478,92479,42416],{},"learning how ",[15,92480,36526],{},[31,92482,92483],{},"checking your values",[31,92485,92486],{},"debugging code",[24,92488,5804],{},[85,92490,92492],{"className":87,"code":92491,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = range(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(list(numbers))\n",[15,92493,92494,92508,92512,92522],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,92495,92496,92498,92500,92502,92504,92506],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,92497,101],{"class":100},[94,92499,105],{"class":104},[94,92501,54398],{"class":145},[94,92503,149],{"class":108},[94,92505,857],{"class":112},[94,92507,316],{"class":108},[94,92509,92510],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,92511,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,92513,92514,92516,92518,92520],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,92515,326],{"class":145},[94,92517,149],{"class":108},[94,92519,153],{"class":152},[94,92521,316],{"class":108},[94,92523,92524,92526,92528,92530,92532,92534],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,92525,326],{"class":145},[94,92527,149],{"class":108},[94,92529,965],{"class":913},[94,92531,149],{"class":108},[94,92533,153],{"class":152},[94,92535,921],{"class":108},[24,92537,371],{},[85,92539,92541],{"className":87,"code":92540,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"range(0, 4)\n[0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,92542,92543,92557],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,92544,92545,92547,92549,92551,92553,92555],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,92546,60323],{"class":145},[94,92548,149],{"class":108},[94,92550,2476],{"class":112},[94,92552,116],{"class":108},[94,92554,624],{"class":112},[94,92556,316],{"class":108},[94,92558,92559,92561,92563,92565,92567,92569,92571,92573,92575],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,92560,539],{"class":108},[94,92562,2476],{"class":112},[94,92564,116],{"class":108},[94,92566,119],{"class":112},[94,92568,116],{"class":108},[94,92570,124],{"class":112},[94,92572,116],{"class":108},[94,92574,421],{"class":112},[94,92576,127],{"class":108},[24,92578,92579,92580,18,92582,92585],{},"If you want to understand this difference more clearly, see Python ",[15,92581,60323],{},[15,92583,92584],{},"list(range)"," explained.",[80,92587,4862],{"id":4861},[24,92589,33872,92590,168],{},[15,92591,36526],{},[265,92593,92595],{"id":92594},"expecting-the-stop-value-to-be-included","Expecting the stop value to be included",[24,92597,92598],{},"Many beginners think this:",[85,92600,92602],{"className":87,"code":92601,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(list(range(1, 5)))\n",[15,92603,92604],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,92605,92606,92608,92610,92612,92614,92616,92618,92620,92622,92624],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,92607,326],{"class":145},[94,92609,149],{"class":108},[94,92611,965],{"class":913},[94,92613,149],{"class":108},[94,92615,60323],{"class":145},[94,92617,149],{"class":108},[94,92619,412],{"class":112},[94,92621,116],{"class":108},[94,92623,772],{"class":112},[94,92625,3268],{"class":108},[24,92627,92628],{},"will produce:",[85,92630,92632],{"className":87,"code":92631,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,92633,92634],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,92635,92636,92638,92640,92642,92644,92646,92648,92650,92652,92654,92656],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,92637,539],{"class":108},[94,92639,412],{"class":112},[94,92641,116],{"class":108},[94,92643,124],{"class":112},[94,92645,116],{"class":108},[94,92647,421],{"class":112},[94,92649,116],{"class":108},[94,92651,624],{"class":112},[94,92653,116],{"class":108},[94,92655,772],{"class":112},[94,92657,127],{"class":108},[24,92659,92660],{},"But the real output is:",[85,92662,92663],{"className":87,"code":53834,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,92664,92665],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,92666,92667,92669,92671,92673,92675,92677,92679,92681,92683],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,92668,539],{"class":108},[94,92670,412],{"class":112},[94,92672,116],{"class":108},[94,92674,124],{"class":112},[94,92676,116],{"class":108},[94,92678,421],{"class":112},[94,92680,116],{"class":108},[94,92682,624],{"class":112},[94,92684,127],{"class":108},[24,92686,92687],{},"The stop value is excluded.",[265,92689,4923,92691,92693,92694],{"id":92690},"assuming-range5-starts-at-1",[15,92692,91155],{}," starts at ",[15,92695,412],{},[24,92697,37797,92698,19294,92700,168],{},[15,92699,2476],{},[15,92701,412],{},[85,92703,92704],{"className":87,"code":91348,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,92705,92706],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,92707,92708,92710,92712,92714,92716,92718,92720,92722],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,92709,326],{"class":145},[94,92711,149],{"class":108},[94,92713,965],{"class":913},[94,92715,149],{"class":108},[94,92717,60323],{"class":145},[94,92719,149],{"class":108},[94,92721,615],{"class":112},[94,92723,3268],{"class":108},[24,92725,371],{},[85,92727,92728],{"className":87,"code":60346,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,92729,92730],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,92731,92732,92734,92736,92738,92740,92742,92744,92746,92748,92750,92752],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,92733,539],{"class":108},[94,92735,2476],{"class":112},[94,92737,116],{"class":108},[94,92739,119],{"class":112},[94,92741,116],{"class":108},[94,92743,124],{"class":112},[94,92745,116],{"class":108},[94,92747,421],{"class":112},[94,92749,116],{"class":108},[94,92751,624],{"class":112},[94,92753,127],{"class":108},[265,92755,92757],{"id":92756},"using-a-string-instead-of-an-integer","Using a string instead of an integer",[24,92759,92760,92761,384],{},"This often happens with ",[15,92762,3314],{},[85,92764,92766],{"className":87,"code":92765,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"user_number = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,92767,92768,92787,92791,92808],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,92769,92770,92773,92775,92777,92779,92781,92783,92785],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,92771,92772],{"class":100},"user_number ",[94,92774,105],{"class":104},[94,92776,8577],{"class":145},[94,92778,149],{"class":108},[94,92780,332],{"class":331},[94,92782,42202],{"class":335},[94,92784,332],{"class":331},[94,92786,316],{"class":108},[94,92788,92789],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,92790,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,92792,92793,92795,92797,92799,92801,92803,92806],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,92794,6289],{"class":4221},[94,92796,69872],{"class":100},[94,92798,4228],{"class":4221},[94,92800,54398],{"class":145},[94,92802,149],{"class":108},[94,92804,92805],{"class":152},"user_number",[94,92807,8676],{"class":108},[94,92809,92810,92812,92814,92816],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,92811,8404],{"class":145},[94,92813,149],{"class":108},[94,92815,36482],{"class":152},[94,92817,316],{"class":108},[24,92819,48842,92820,92822],{},[15,92821,3314],{}," returns a string.",[24,92824,1727],{},[85,92826,92828],{"className":87,"code":92827,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"user_number = int(input(\"Enter a number: \"))\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,92829,92830,92852,92856,92872],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,92831,92832,92834,92836,92838,92840,92842,92844,92846,92848,92850],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,92833,92772],{"class":100},[94,92835,105],{"class":104},[94,92837,45608],{"class":913},[94,92839,149],{"class":108},[94,92841,42793],{"class":145},[94,92843,149],{"class":108},[94,92845,332],{"class":331},[94,92847,42202],{"class":335},[94,92849,332],{"class":331},[94,92851,921],{"class":108},[94,92853,92854],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,92855,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,92857,92858,92860,92862,92864,92866,92868,92870],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,92859,6289],{"class":4221},[94,92861,69872],{"class":100},[94,92863,4228],{"class":4221},[94,92865,54398],{"class":145},[94,92867,149],{"class":108},[94,92869,92805],{"class":152},[94,92871,8676],{"class":108},[94,92873,92874,92876,92878,92880],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,92875,8404],{"class":145},[94,92877,149],{"class":108},[94,92879,36482],{"class":152},[94,92881,316],{"class":108},[24,92883,92884,92885,168],{},"If you see an error here, read ",[434,92886,50854,92887],{"href":50853},[15,92888,50857],{},[265,92890,92892,92893,92895,92896],{"id":92891},"using-a-negative-step-with-start-smaller-than-stop","Using a negative step with ",[15,92894,36400],{}," smaller than ",[15,92897,75742],{},[24,92899,92900],{},"This does not count backward correctly:",[85,92902,92903],{"className":87,"code":91830,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,92904,92905],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,92906,92907,92909,92911,92913,92915,92917,92919,92921,92923,92925,92927,92929,92931],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,92908,326],{"class":145},[94,92910,149],{"class":108},[94,92912,965],{"class":913},[94,92914,149],{"class":108},[94,92916,60323],{"class":145},[94,92918,149],{"class":108},[94,92920,412],{"class":112},[94,92922,116],{"class":108},[94,92924,772],{"class":112},[94,92926,116],{"class":108},[94,92928,2581],{"class":104},[94,92930,412],{"class":112},[94,92932,3268],{"class":108},[24,92934,371],{},[85,92936,92937],{"className":87,"code":38627,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,92938,92939],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,92940,92941],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,92942,38627],{"class":108},[24,92944,92945],{},"If the step is negative, the start usually needs to be larger than the stop.",[265,92947,25948,92949],{"id":92948},"trying-to-use-step-0",[15,92950,92951],{},"step = 0",[24,92953,77885],{},[85,92955,92957],{"className":87,"code":92956,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"range(1, 10, 0)\n",[15,92958,92959],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,92960,92961,92963,92965,92967,92969,92971,92973,92975],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,92962,60323],{"class":145},[94,92964,149],{"class":108},[94,92966,412],{"class":112},[94,92968,116],{"class":108},[94,92970,6336],{"class":112},[94,92972,116],{"class":108},[94,92974,4178],{"class":112},[94,92976,316],{"class":108},[24,92978,92979],{},"Python raises an error because the sequence cannot move.",[265,92981,5047,92983,92985],{"id":92982},"forgetting-that-range-is-not-a-list",[15,92984,36526],{}," is not a list",[24,92987,92988],{},"This can confuse beginners when printing values:",[85,92990,92992],{"className":87,"code":92991,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(range(5))\n",[15,92993,92994],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,92995,92996,92998,93000,93002,93004,93006],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,92997,326],{"class":145},[94,92999,149],{"class":108},[94,93001,60323],{"class":145},[94,93003,149],{"class":108},[94,93005,615],{"class":112},[94,93007,921],{"class":108},[24,93009,371],{},[85,93011,93013],{"className":87,"code":93012,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"range(0, 5)\n",[15,93014,93015],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,93016,93017,93019,93021,93023,93025,93027],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,93018,60323],{"class":145},[94,93020,149],{"class":108},[94,93022,2476],{"class":112},[94,93024,116],{"class":108},[94,93026,772],{"class":112},[94,93028,316],{"class":108},[24,93030,93031],{},"To see the numbers, use:",[85,93033,93034],{"className":87,"code":91348,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,93035,93036],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,93037,93038,93040,93042,93044,93046,93048,93050,93052],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,93039,326],{"class":145},[94,93041,149],{"class":108},[94,93043,965],{"class":913},[94,93045,149],{"class":108},[94,93047,60323],{"class":145},[94,93049,149],{"class":108},[94,93051,615],{"class":112},[94,93053,3268],{"class":108},[24,93055,371],{},[85,93057,93058],{"className":87,"code":60346,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,93059,93060],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,93061,93062,93064,93066,93068,93070,93072,93074,93076,93078,93080,93082],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,93063,539],{"class":108},[94,93065,2476],{"class":112},[94,93067,116],{"class":108},[94,93069,119],{"class":112},[94,93071,116],{"class":108},[94,93073,124],{"class":112},[94,93075,116],{"class":108},[94,93077,421],{"class":112},[94,93079,116],{"class":108},[94,93081,624],{"class":112},[94,93083,127],{"class":108},[80,93085,93087],{"id":93086},"useful-checks-while-debugging","Useful checks while debugging",[24,93089,9208,93090,82644],{},[15,93091,36526],{},[85,93093,93095],{"className":87,"code":93094,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(list(range(2, 8)))\nprint(list(range(10, 0, -2)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\n",[15,93096,93097,93111,93129,93151,93179],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,93098,93099,93101,93103,93105,93107,93109],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,93100,326],{"class":145},[94,93102,149],{"class":108},[94,93104,60323],{"class":145},[94,93106,149],{"class":108},[94,93108,615],{"class":112},[94,93110,921],{"class":108},[94,93112,93113,93115,93117,93119,93121,93123,93125,93127],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,93114,326],{"class":145},[94,93116,149],{"class":108},[94,93118,965],{"class":913},[94,93120,149],{"class":108},[94,93122,60323],{"class":145},[94,93124,149],{"class":108},[94,93126,615],{"class":112},[94,93128,3268],{"class":108},[94,93130,93131,93133,93135,93137,93139,93141,93143,93145,93147,93149],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,93132,326],{"class":145},[94,93134,149],{"class":108},[94,93136,965],{"class":913},[94,93138,149],{"class":108},[94,93140,60323],{"class":145},[94,93142,149],{"class":108},[94,93144,763],{"class":112},[94,93146,116],{"class":108},[94,93148,6692],{"class":112},[94,93150,3268],{"class":108},[94,93152,93153,93155,93157,93159,93161,93163,93165,93167,93169,93171,93173,93175,93177],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,93154,326],{"class":145},[94,93156,149],{"class":108},[94,93158,965],{"class":913},[94,93160,149],{"class":108},[94,93162,60323],{"class":145},[94,93164,149],{"class":108},[94,93166,2688],{"class":112},[94,93168,116],{"class":108},[94,93170,4178],{"class":112},[94,93172,116],{"class":108},[94,93174,2581],{"class":104},[94,93176,763],{"class":112},[94,93178,3268],{"class":108},[94,93180,93181,93183,93185,93187,93189,93191,93193,93195],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,93182,326],{"class":145},[94,93184,149],{"class":108},[94,93186,914],{"class":913},[94,93188,149],{"class":108},[94,93190,60323],{"class":145},[94,93192,149],{"class":108},[94,93194,615],{"class":112},[94,93196,3268],{"class":108},[24,93198,26340],{},[28,93200,93201,93204,93207],{},[31,93202,93203],{},"what values are being created",[31,93205,93206],{},"whether the direction is correct",[31,93208,93209,93210,24949],{},"whether you are working with a ",[15,93211,60323],{},[80,93213,2160],{"id":2159},[265,93215,13029,93217,93219],{"id":93216},"does-range-include-the-last-number",[15,93218,36526],{}," include the last number?",[24,93221,93222],{},"No. The stop value is excluded.",[265,93224,2179,93226,93228,93229,2170],{"id":93225},"why-does-range5-start-at-0",[15,93227,91155],{}," start at ",[15,93230,2476],{},[24,93232,93233,93234,168],{},"When only one argument is given, Python uses it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,93235,2476],{},[265,93237,2191,93239,93241],{"id":93238},"can-range-count-backward",[15,93240,36526],{}," count backward?",[24,93243,93244,93245,168],{},"Yes. Use a negative step, such as ",[15,93246,93247],{},"range(5, 0, -1)",[265,93249,15230,93251,26374],{"id":93250},"is-range-a-list",[15,93252,36526],{},[24,93254,26377,93255,93257,93258,24270],{},[15,93256,60323],{}," object. Use ",[15,93259,93260],{},"list(range(...))",[265,93262,2179,93264,49016],{"id":93263},"why-does-rangeinput-fail",[15,93265,93266],{},"range(input())",[24,93268,93269,3836,93271,168],{},[15,93270,3314],{},[15,93272,93273],{},"int(input())",[80,93275,2232],{"id":2231},[28,93277,93278,93282,93288,93294,93300],{},[31,93279,93280],{},[434,93281,36356],{"href":36355},[31,93283,93284],{},[434,93285,13,93286,439],{"href":42688},[15,93287,42691],{},[31,93289,93290],{},[434,93291,13,93292,439],{"href":92324},[15,93293,36077],{},[31,93295,93296],{},[434,93297,37848,93298,36937],{"href":36933},[15,93299,36077],{},[31,93301,93302],{},[434,93303,50854,93304],{"href":50853},[15,93305,50857],{},[2260,93307,93308],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":90,"searchDepth":130,"depth":130,"links":93310},[93311,93312,93314,93320,93328,93335,93337,93349,93350,93362],{"id":2360,"depth":130,"text":2361},{"id":91164,"depth":130,"text":93313},"What range() does",{"id":91257,"depth":130,"text":93315,"children":93316},"range() syntax",[93317,93318,93319],{"id":91337,"depth":137,"text":91340},{"id":91401,"depth":137,"text":91404},{"id":91469,"depth":137,"text":91472},{"id":91540,"depth":130,"text":91541,"children":93321},[93322,93323,93324,93325,93326],{"id":91547,"depth":137,"text":91155},{"id":91610,"depth":137,"text":91613},{"id":91674,"depth":137,"text":91677},{"id":91750,"depth":137,"text":91751},{"id":77129,"depth":137,"text":93327},"step cannot be 0",{"id":91909,"depth":130,"text":93329,"children":93330},"Using range() in a for loop",[93331,93332,93333],{"id":92011,"depth":137,"text":92012},{"id":92056,"depth":137,"text":92057},{"id":92136,"depth":137,"text":93334},"range() and indexing",{"id":92411,"depth":130,"text":93336},"Converting range() to a list",{"id":4861,"depth":130,"text":4862,"children":93338},[93339,93340,93342,93343,93345,93347],{"id":92594,"depth":137,"text":92595},{"id":92690,"depth":137,"text":93341},"Assuming range(5) starts at 1",{"id":92756,"depth":137,"text":92757},{"id":92891,"depth":137,"text":93344},"Using a negative step with start smaller than stop",{"id":92948,"depth":137,"text":93346},"Trying to use step = 0",{"id":92982,"depth":137,"text":93348},"Forgetting that range() is not a list",{"id":93086,"depth":130,"text":93087},{"id":2159,"depth":130,"text":2160,"children":93351},[93352,93354,93356,93358,93360],{"id":93216,"depth":137,"text":93353},"Does range() include the last number?",{"id":93225,"depth":137,"text":93355},"Why does range(5) start at 0?",{"id":93238,"depth":137,"text":93357},"Can range() count backward?",{"id":93250,"depth":137,"text":93359},"Is range() a list?",{"id":93263,"depth":137,"text":93361},"Why does range(input()) fail?",{"id":2231,"depth":130,"text":2232},"Master python range function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained",{"title":91058,"description":93363},"reference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained","WM74kaur77O7To2YFL58_24yQPMusxcx03D4i7kex70",{"id":93370,"title":93371,"body":93372,"description":95044,"extension":2319,"meta":95045,"navigation":133,"path":95046,"seo":95047,"stem":95048,"__hash__":95049},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained.md","Python range() vs list(range()) Explained",{"type":7,"value":93373,"toc":95017},[93374,93382,93389,93406,93422,93424,93473,93481,93485,93488,93508,93510,93574,93576,93619,93622,93668,93670,93703,93713,93719,93727,93744,93746,93777,93779,93804,93809,93820,93823,93893,93895,93926,93931,93936,93953,93955,94006,94008,94041,94044,94051,94056,94060,94076,94078,94122,94124,94170,94173,94186,94191,94195,94209,94211,94262,94264,94297,94302,94304,94311,94313,94336,94338,94403,94405,94422,94425,94458,94460,94488,94498,94505,94509,94512,94530,94533,94561,94564,94582,94587,94593,94596,94618,94620,94648,94650,94653,94678,94681,94794,94796,94875,94877,94883,94888,94896,94904,94908,94911,94913,94946,94948,94956,94962,94969,94976,94979,94981,95014],[10,93375,13,93377,18,93379,22],{"id":93376},"python-range-vs-listrange-explained",[15,93378,36526],{},[15,93380,93381],{},"list(range())",[24,93383,93384,1139,93386,93388],{},[15,93385,36526],{},[15,93387,93381],{}," can represent the same numbers, but they are not the same thing.",[28,93390,93391,93399],{},[31,93392,93393,93395,93396],{},[15,93394,36526],{}," creates a ",[43,93397,93398],{},"range object",[31,93400,93401,93395,93403],{},[15,93402,93381],{},[43,93404,93405],{},"real list",[24,93407,93408,93409,93411,93412,93415,93416,93418,93419,93421],{},"This matters because beginners often expect ",[15,93410,91155],{}," to behave exactly like ",[15,93413,93414],{},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]",". It does not. In most cases, you should use ",[15,93417,36526],{}," for looping, and only use ",[15,93420,93381],{}," when you actually need a list.",[80,93423,83],{"id":82},[85,93425,93427],{"className":87,"code":93426,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = range(5)\nprint(numbers)          # range(0, 5)\nprint(list(numbers))    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,93428,93429,93443,93456],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,93430,93431,93433,93435,93437,93439,93441],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,93432,101],{"class":100},[94,93434,105],{"class":104},[94,93436,54398],{"class":145},[94,93438,149],{"class":108},[94,93440,615],{"class":112},[94,93442,316],{"class":108},[94,93444,93445,93447,93449,93451,93453],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,93446,326],{"class":145},[94,93448,149],{"class":108},[94,93450,153],{"class":152},[94,93452,156],{"class":108},[94,93454,93455],{"class":159},"          # range(0, 5)\n",[94,93457,93458,93460,93462,93464,93466,93468,93470],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,93459,326],{"class":145},[94,93461,149],{"class":108},[94,93463,965],{"class":913},[94,93465,149],{"class":108},[94,93467,153],{"class":152},[94,93469,5693],{"class":108},[94,93471,93472],{"class":159},"    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[24,93474,54,93475,93477,93478,93480],{},[15,93476,36526],{}," for looping. Use ",[15,93479,93381],{}," when you need an actual list value.",[80,93482,93484],{"id":93483},"what-is-the-difference","What is the difference?",[24,93486,93487],{},"The main difference is what each one returns.",[28,93489,93490,93497,93502,93505],{},[31,93491,93492,22306,93494,93496],{},[15,93493,36526],{},[43,93495,93398],{},", not a list",[31,93498,93499,93501],{},[15,93500,93381],{}," converts that range object into a list",[31,93503,93504],{},"Both can represent the same sequence of numbers",[31,93506,93507],{},"They are used differently in real programs",[24,93509,2566],{},[85,93511,93513],{"className":87,"code":93512,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"r = range(5)\nlst = list(range(5))\n\nprint(r)\nprint(lst)\n",[15,93514,93515,93530,93549,93553,93563],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,93516,93517,93520,93522,93524,93526,93528],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,93518,93519],{"class":100},"r ",[94,93521,105],{"class":104},[94,93523,54398],{"class":145},[94,93525,149],{"class":108},[94,93527,615],{"class":112},[94,93529,316],{"class":108},[94,93531,93532,93535,93537,93539,93541,93543,93545,93547],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,93533,93534],{"class":100},"lst ",[94,93536,105],{"class":104},[94,93538,22891],{"class":913},[94,93540,149],{"class":108},[94,93542,60323],{"class":145},[94,93544,149],{"class":108},[94,93546,615],{"class":112},[94,93548,921],{"class":108},[94,93550,93551],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,93552,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,93554,93555,93557,93559,93561],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,93556,326],{"class":145},[94,93558,149],{"class":108},[94,93560,60830],{"class":152},[94,93562,316],{"class":108},[94,93564,93565,93567,93569,93572],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,93566,326],{"class":145},[94,93568,149],{"class":108},[94,93570,93571],{"class":152},"lst",[94,93573,316],{"class":108},[24,93575,371],{},[85,93577,93579],{"className":87,"code":93578,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,93580,93581,93595],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,93582,93583,93585,93587,93589,93591,93593],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,93584,60323],{"class":145},[94,93586,149],{"class":108},[94,93588,2476],{"class":112},[94,93590,116],{"class":108},[94,93592,772],{"class":112},[94,93594,316],{"class":108},[94,93596,93597,93599,93601,93603,93605,93607,93609,93611,93613,93615,93617],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,93598,539],{"class":108},[94,93600,2476],{"class":112},[94,93602,116],{"class":108},[94,93604,119],{"class":112},[94,93606,116],{"class":108},[94,93608,124],{"class":112},[94,93610,116],{"class":108},[94,93612,421],{"class":112},[94,93614,116],{"class":108},[94,93616,624],{"class":112},[94,93618,127],{"class":108},[24,93620,93621],{},"Even though they represent the same values, their types are different:",[85,93623,93625],{"className":87,"code":93624,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\n",[15,93626,93627,93645],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,93628,93629,93631,93633,93635,93637,93639,93641,93643],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,93630,326],{"class":145},[94,93632,149],{"class":108},[94,93634,914],{"class":913},[94,93636,149],{"class":108},[94,93638,60323],{"class":145},[94,93640,149],{"class":108},[94,93642,615],{"class":112},[94,93644,3268],{"class":108},[94,93646,93647,93649,93651,93653,93655,93657,93659,93661,93663,93665],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,93648,326],{"class":145},[94,93650,149],{"class":108},[94,93652,914],{"class":913},[94,93654,149],{"class":108},[94,93656,965],{"class":913},[94,93658,149],{"class":108},[94,93660,60323],{"class":145},[94,93662,149],{"class":108},[94,93664,615],{"class":112},[94,93666,93667],{"class":108},"))))\n",[24,93669,371],{},[85,93671,93673],{"className":87,"code":93672,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,93674,93675,93689],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,93676,93677,93679,93681,93683,93685,93687],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,93678,955],{"class":104},[94,93680,959],{"class":958},[94,93682,962],{"class":331},[94,93684,60323],{"class":335},[94,93686,968],{"class":331},[94,93688,971],{"class":104},[94,93690,93691,93693,93695,93697,93699,93701],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,93692,955],{"class":104},[94,93694,959],{"class":958},[94,93696,962],{"class":331},[94,93698,965],{"class":335},[94,93700,968],{"class":331},[94,93702,971],{"class":104},[24,93704,93705,93706,93708,93709,168],{},"If you want to learn more about how ",[15,93707,36526],{}," works, see ",[434,93710,13,93711,439],{"href":93365},[15,93712,36526],{},[80,93714,215,93716,93718],{"id":93715},"what-range-gives-you",[15,93717,36526],{}," gives you",[24,93720,93721,93723,93724,93726],{},[15,93722,36526],{}," is most often used in ",[15,93725,6289],{}," loops.",[28,93728,93729,93732,93735,93738],{},[31,93730,93731],{},"It is commonly used in loops",[31,93733,93734],{},"It represents numbers without storing them all as a list",[31,93736,93737],{},"It is memory efficient for large sequences",[31,93739,93740,93741],{},"Printing it directly shows ",[15,93742,93743],{},"range(start, stop[, step])",[24,93745,2566],{},[85,93747,93749],{"className":87,"code":93748,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n",[15,93750,93751,93767],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,93752,93753,93755,93757,93759,93761,93763,93765],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,93754,6289],{"class":4221},[94,93756,69872],{"class":100},[94,93758,4228],{"class":4221},[94,93760,54398],{"class":145},[94,93762,149],{"class":108},[94,93764,615],{"class":112},[94,93766,8676],{"class":108},[94,93768,93769,93771,93773,93775],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,93770,8404],{"class":145},[94,93772,149],{"class":108},[94,93774,36482],{"class":152},[94,93776,316],{"class":108},[24,93778,371],{},[85,93780,93782],{"className":87,"code":93781,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"0\n1\n2\n3\n4\n",[15,93783,93784,93788,93792,93796,93800],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,93785,93786],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,93787,47583],{"class":112},[94,93789,93790],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,93791,47248],{"class":112},[94,93793,93794],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,93795,17385],{"class":112},[94,93797,93798],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,93799,46948],{"class":112},[94,93801,93802],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,93803,48982],{"class":112},[24,93805,21102,93806,93808],{},[15,93807,91155],{}," works perfectly in a loop. You do not need to convert it to a list first.",[24,93810,93811,93812,93814,93815,168],{},"This is one reason ",[15,93813,36526],{}," is so common with ",[434,93816,13,93818,91186],{"href":93817},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained",[15,93819,6289],{},[24,93821,93822],{},"You can also inspect it:",[85,93824,93826],{"className":87,"code":93825,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"r = range(2, 10, 2)\n\nprint(r)\nprint(len(r))\nprint(6 in r)\n",[15,93827,93828,93850,93854,93864,93878],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,93829,93830,93832,93834,93836,93838,93840,93842,93844,93846,93848],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,93831,93519],{"class":100},[94,93833,105],{"class":104},[94,93835,54398],{"class":145},[94,93837,149],{"class":108},[94,93839,763],{"class":112},[94,93841,116],{"class":108},[94,93843,6336],{"class":112},[94,93845,116],{"class":108},[94,93847,124],{"class":112},[94,93849,316],{"class":108},[94,93851,93852],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,93853,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,93855,93856,93858,93860,93862],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,93857,326],{"class":145},[94,93859,149],{"class":108},[94,93861,60830],{"class":152},[94,93863,316],{"class":108},[94,93865,93866,93868,93870,93872,93874,93876],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,93867,326],{"class":145},[94,93869,149],{"class":108},[94,93871,11490],{"class":145},[94,93873,149],{"class":108},[94,93875,60830],{"class":152},[94,93877,921],{"class":108},[94,93879,93880,93882,93884,93886,93888,93891],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,93881,326],{"class":145},[94,93883,149],{"class":108},[94,93885,80899],{"class":112},[94,93887,21505],{"class":4221},[94,93889,93890],{"class":152}," r",[94,93892,316],{"class":108},[24,93894,371],{},[85,93896,93898],{"className":87,"code":93897,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"range(2, 10, 2)\n4\nTrue\n",[15,93899,93900,93918,93922],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,93901,93902,93904,93906,93908,93910,93912,93914,93916],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,93903,60323],{"class":145},[94,93905,149],{"class":108},[94,93907,763],{"class":112},[94,93909,116],{"class":108},[94,93911,6336],{"class":112},[94,93913,116],{"class":108},[94,93915,124],{"class":112},[94,93917,316],{"class":108},[94,93919,93920],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,93921,48982],{"class":112},[94,93923,93924],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,93925,4325],{"class":1224},[80,93927,215,93929,93718],{"id":93928},"what-listrange-gives-you",[15,93930,93381],{},[24,93932,93933,93935],{},[15,93934,93381],{}," creates a full list in memory.",[28,93937,93938,93941,93944,93947],{},[31,93939,93940],{},"It creates all values at once",[31,93942,93943],{},"Printing it shows the actual numbers",[31,93945,93946],{},"It is useful when you need list behavior",[31,93948,93949,93950,93952],{},"It is less efficient than plain ",[15,93951,36526],{}," for very large sequences",[24,93954,2566],{},[85,93956,93958],{"className":87,"code":93957,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = list(range(5))\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,93959,93960,93978,93982,93992],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,93961,93962,93964,93966,93968,93970,93972,93974,93976],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,93963,101],{"class":100},[94,93965,105],{"class":104},[94,93967,22891],{"class":913},[94,93969,149],{"class":108},[94,93971,60323],{"class":145},[94,93973,149],{"class":108},[94,93975,615],{"class":112},[94,93977,921],{"class":108},[94,93979,93980],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,93981,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,93983,93984,93986,93988,93990],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,93985,326],{"class":145},[94,93987,149],{"class":108},[94,93989,153],{"class":152},[94,93991,316],{"class":108},[94,93993,93994,93996,93998,94000,94002,94004],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,93995,326],{"class":145},[94,93997,149],{"class":108},[94,93999,153],{"class":152},[94,94001,539],{"class":108},[94,94003,763],{"class":112},[94,94005,4234],{"class":108},[24,94007,371],{},[85,94009,94011],{"className":87,"code":94010,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n2\n",[15,94012,94013,94037],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,94014,94015,94017,94019,94021,94023,94025,94027,94029,94031,94033,94035],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,94016,539],{"class":108},[94,94018,2476],{"class":112},[94,94020,116],{"class":108},[94,94022,119],{"class":112},[94,94024,116],{"class":108},[94,94026,124],{"class":112},[94,94028,116],{"class":108},[94,94030,421],{"class":112},[94,94032,116],{"class":108},[94,94034,624],{"class":112},[94,94036,127],{"class":108},[94,94038,94039],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,94040,17385],{"class":112},[24,94042,94043],{},"This is helpful when you want clear output or when another part of your program expects a list.",[24,94045,94046,94047,168],{},"If you want to understand the conversion step itself, see ",[434,94048,13,94049,439],{"href":65171},[15,94050,25112],{},[80,94052,815,94054],{"id":94053},"when-to-use-range",[15,94055,36526],{},[24,94057,54,94058,822],{},[15,94059,36526],{},[28,94061,94062,94067,94070,94073],{},[31,94063,94064,94065,91915],{},"You are writing a ",[15,94066,6289],{},[31,94068,94069],{},"You only need to iterate over numbers",[31,94071,94072],{},"You are working with large sequences",[31,94074,94075],{},"You do not need a real list",[24,94077,2566],{},[85,94079,94081],{"className":87,"code":94080,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"for i in range(1, 6):\n    print(\"Count:\", i)\n",[15,94082,94083,94103],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,94084,94085,94087,94089,94091,94093,94095,94097,94099,94101],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,94086,6289],{"class":4221},[94,94088,69872],{"class":100},[94,94090,4228],{"class":4221},[94,94092,54398],{"class":145},[94,94094,149],{"class":108},[94,94096,412],{"class":112},[94,94098,116],{"class":108},[94,94100,37973],{"class":112},[94,94102,8676],{"class":108},[94,94104,94105,94107,94109,94111,94114,94116,94118,94120],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,94106,8404],{"class":145},[94,94108,149],{"class":108},[94,94110,332],{"class":331},[94,94112,94113],{"class":335},"Count:",[94,94115,332],{"class":331},[94,94117,116],{"class":108},[94,94119,36457],{"class":152},[94,94121,316],{"class":108},[24,94123,371],{},[85,94125,94127],{"className":87,"code":94126,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"Count: 1\nCount: 2\nCount: 3\nCount: 4\nCount: 5\n",[15,94128,94129,94138,94146,94154,94162],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,94130,94131,94134,94136],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,94132,94133],{"class":100},"Count",[94,94135,384],{"class":108},[94,94137,29945],{"class":112},[94,94139,94140,94142,94144],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,94141,94133],{"class":100},[94,94143,384],{"class":108},[94,94145,45921],{"class":112},[94,94147,94148,94150,94152],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,94149,94133],{"class":100},[94,94151,384],{"class":108},[94,94153,2932],{"class":112},[94,94155,94156,94158,94160],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,94157,94133],{"class":100},[94,94159,384],{"class":108},[94,94161,23995],{"class":112},[94,94163,94164,94166,94168],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,94165,94133],{"class":100},[94,94167,384],{"class":108},[94,94169,35171],{"class":112},[24,94171,94172],{},"This is the most common use.",[24,94174,94175,94176,94178,94179,62613,94181,168],{},"If you need both the index and the value while looping through another sequence, ",[15,94177,36077],{}," is often a better choice than ",[15,94180,36927],{},[434,94182,36934,94184,36937],{"href":94183},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python",[15,94185,36077],{},[80,94187,815,94189],{"id":94188},"when-to-use-listrange",[15,94190,93381],{},[24,94192,54,94193,822],{},[15,94194,93381],{},[28,94196,94197,94200,94203,94206],{},[31,94198,94199],{},"You need to see all values clearly",[31,94201,94202],{},"Another part of your code expects a list",[31,94204,94205],{},"You want to modify the result as a list",[31,94207,94208],{},"You are learning and list output is easier to understand",[24,94210,2566],{},[85,94212,94214],{"className":87,"code":94213,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = list(range(5))\nnumbers.append(5)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,94215,94216,94234,94248,94252],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,94217,94218,94220,94222,94224,94226,94228,94230,94232],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,94219,101],{"class":100},[94,94221,105],{"class":104},[94,94223,22891],{"class":913},[94,94225,149],{"class":108},[94,94227,60323],{"class":145},[94,94229,149],{"class":108},[94,94231,615],{"class":112},[94,94233,921],{"class":108},[94,94235,94236,94238,94240,94242,94244,94246],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,94237,153],{"class":100},[94,94239,168],{"class":108},[94,94241,13880],{"class":152},[94,94243,149],{"class":108},[94,94245,615],{"class":112},[94,94247,316],{"class":108},[94,94249,94250],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,94251,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,94253,94254,94256,94258,94260],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,94255,326],{"class":145},[94,94257,149],{"class":108},[94,94259,153],{"class":152},[94,94261,316],{"class":108},[24,94263,371],{},[85,94265,94267],{"className":87,"code":94266,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,94268,94269],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,94270,94271,94273,94275,94277,94279,94281,94283,94285,94287,94289,94291,94293,94295],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,94272,539],{"class":108},[94,94274,2476],{"class":112},[94,94276,116],{"class":108},[94,94278,119],{"class":112},[94,94280,116],{"class":108},[94,94282,124],{"class":112},[94,94284,116],{"class":108},[94,94286,421],{"class":112},[94,94288,116],{"class":108},[94,94290,624],{"class":112},[94,94292,116],{"class":108},[94,94294,772],{"class":112},[94,94296,127],{"class":108},[24,94298,6392,94299,94301],{},[15,94300,153],{}," is a list.",[80,94303,15924],{"id":15923},[24,94305,94306,94308,94309,168],{},[15,94307,36526],{}," can be used like a sequence, but it is still ",[43,94310,37927],{},[24,94312,2463],{},[28,94314,94315,94317,94322,94327,94330],{},[31,94316,22316],{},[31,94318,94319,94320],{},"You can check its length with ",[15,94321,42691],{},[31,94323,94324,94325],{},"You can test membership with ",[15,94326,4228],{},[31,94328,94329],{},"You can index it",[31,94331,94332,94333,94335],{},"But list methods such as ",[15,94334,52982],{}," do not work on it",[24,94337,2566],{},[85,94339,94341],{"className":87,"code":94340,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"r = range(5)\n\nprint(r[2])\nprint(len(r))\nprint(3 in r)\n",[15,94342,94343,94357,94361,94375,94389],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,94344,94345,94347,94349,94351,94353,94355],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,94346,93519],{"class":100},[94,94348,105],{"class":104},[94,94350,54398],{"class":145},[94,94352,149],{"class":108},[94,94354,615],{"class":112},[94,94356,316],{"class":108},[94,94358,94359],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,94360,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,94362,94363,94365,94367,94369,94371,94373],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,94364,326],{"class":145},[94,94366,149],{"class":108},[94,94368,60830],{"class":152},[94,94370,539],{"class":108},[94,94372,763],{"class":112},[94,94374,4234],{"class":108},[94,94376,94377,94379,94381,94383,94385,94387],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,94378,326],{"class":145},[94,94380,149],{"class":108},[94,94382,11490],{"class":145},[94,94384,149],{"class":108},[94,94386,60830],{"class":152},[94,94388,921],{"class":108},[94,94390,94391,94393,94395,94397,94399,94401],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,94392,326],{"class":145},[94,94394,149],{"class":108},[94,94396,113],{"class":112},[94,94398,21505],{"class":4221},[94,94400,93890],{"class":152},[94,94402,316],{"class":108},[24,94404,371],{},[85,94406,94408],{"className":87,"code":94407,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"2\n5\nTrue\n",[15,94409,94410,94414,94418],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,94411,94412],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,94413,17385],{"class":112},[94,94415,94416],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,94417,3303],{"class":112},[94,94419,94420],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,94421,4325],{"class":1224},[24,94423,94424],{},"Now compare that with this:",[85,94426,94428],{"className":87,"code":94427,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"r = range(5)\nr.append(5)\n",[15,94429,94430,94444],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,94431,94432,94434,94436,94438,94440,94442],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,94433,93519],{"class":100},[94,94435,105],{"class":104},[94,94437,54398],{"class":145},[94,94439,149],{"class":108},[94,94441,615],{"class":112},[94,94443,316],{"class":108},[94,94445,94446,94448,94450,94452,94454,94456],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,94447,60830],{"class":100},[94,94449,168],{"class":108},[94,94451,13880],{"class":152},[94,94453,149],{"class":108},[94,94455,615],{"class":112},[94,94457,316],{"class":108},[24,94459,371],{},[85,94461,94463],{"className":87,"code":94462,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"AttributeError: 'range' object has no attribute 'append'\n",[15,94464,94465],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,94466,94467,94469,94471,94473,94475,94477,94479,94482,94484,94486],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,94468,26003],{"class":913},[94,94470,384],{"class":108},[94,94472,962],{"class":331},[94,94474,60323],{"class":335},[94,94476,968],{"class":331},[94,94478,24949],{"class":913},[94,94480,94481],{"class":100}," has no attribute ",[94,94483,968],{"class":331},[94,94485,13880],{"class":335},[94,94487,30030],{"class":331},[24,94489,94490,94491,2547,94493,2551,94495,94497],{},"If you need methods like ",[15,94492,52982],{},[15,94494,55856],{},[15,94496,449],{},", convert the range to a list first.",[24,94499,94500,94501,168],{},"If you run into this kind of problem, see ",[434,94502,26011,94503],{"href":35747},[15,94504,34586],{},[80,94506,94508],{"id":94507},"common-confusion","Common confusion",[24,94510,94511],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting this:",[85,94513,94514],{"className":87,"code":92991,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,94515,94516],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,94517,94518,94520,94522,94524,94526,94528],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,94519,326],{"class":145},[94,94521,149],{"class":108},[94,94523,60323],{"class":145},[94,94525,149],{"class":108},[94,94527,615],{"class":112},[94,94529,921],{"class":108},[24,94531,94532],{},"to show:",[85,94534,94535],{"className":87,"code":60346,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,94536,94537],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,94538,94539,94541,94543,94545,94547,94549,94551,94553,94555,94557,94559],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,94540,539],{"class":108},[94,94542,2476],{"class":112},[94,94544,116],{"class":108},[94,94546,119],{"class":112},[94,94548,116],{"class":108},[94,94550,124],{"class":112},[94,94552,116],{"class":108},[94,94554,421],{"class":112},[94,94556,116],{"class":108},[94,94558,624],{"class":112},[94,94560,127],{"class":108},[24,94562,94563],{},"But in Python 3, it shows:",[85,94565,94566],{"className":87,"code":93012,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,94567,94568],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,94569,94570,94572,94574,94576,94578,94580],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,94571,60323],{"class":145},[94,94573,149],{"class":108},[94,94575,2476],{"class":112},[94,94577,116],{"class":108},[94,94579,772],{"class":112},[94,94581,316],{"class":108},[24,94583,4971,94584,94586],{},[43,94585,45],{}," mean the code is wrong.",[24,94588,94589,94590,94592],{},"It only means Python is showing the ",[43,94591,93398],{},", not converting it to a list for display.",[24,94594,94595],{},"If you want list-style output, do this:",[85,94597,94598],{"className":87,"code":91348,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,94599,94600],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,94601,94602,94604,94606,94608,94610,94612,94614,94616],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,94603,326],{"class":145},[94,94605,149],{"class":108},[94,94607,965],{"class":913},[94,94609,149],{"class":108},[94,94611,60323],{"class":145},[94,94613,149],{"class":108},[94,94615,615],{"class":112},[94,94617,3268],{"class":108},[24,94619,371],{},[85,94621,94622],{"className":87,"code":60346,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,94623,94624],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,94625,94626,94628,94630,94632,94634,94636,94638,94640,94642,94644,94646],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,94627,539],{"class":108},[94,94629,2476],{"class":112},[94,94631,116],{"class":108},[94,94633,119],{"class":112},[94,94635,116],{"class":108},[94,94637,124],{"class":112},[94,94639,116],{"class":108},[94,94641,421],{"class":112},[94,94643,116],{"class":108},[94,94645,624],{"class":112},[94,94647,127],{"class":108},[80,94649,3186],{"id":3185},[24,94651,94652],{},"These are the most common causes of confusion:",[28,94654,94655,94661,94664,94670],{},[31,94656,1484,94657,94660],{},[15,94658,94659],{},"print(range(5))"," and expecting a list",[31,94662,94663],{},"Trying to call list methods on a range object",[31,94665,94666,94667,94669],{},"Not realizing that ",[15,94668,36526],{}," is iterable but not a list",[31,94671,1484,94672,94674,94675,94677],{},[15,94673,93381],{}," when plain ",[15,94676,36526],{}," would be simpler",[24,94679,94680],{},"These quick checks can help:",[85,94682,94684],{"className":87,"code":94683,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\nprint(3 in range(5))\nprint(len(range(5)))\n",[15,94685,94686,94700,94718,94736,94758,94776],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,94687,94688,94690,94692,94694,94696,94698],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,94689,326],{"class":145},[94,94691,149],{"class":108},[94,94693,60323],{"class":145},[94,94695,149],{"class":108},[94,94697,615],{"class":112},[94,94699,921],{"class":108},[94,94701,94702,94704,94706,94708,94710,94712,94714,94716],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,94703,326],{"class":145},[94,94705,149],{"class":108},[94,94707,965],{"class":913},[94,94709,149],{"class":108},[94,94711,60323],{"class":145},[94,94713,149],{"class":108},[94,94715,615],{"class":112},[94,94717,3268],{"class":108},[94,94719,94720,94722,94724,94726,94728,94730,94732,94734],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,94721,326],{"class":145},[94,94723,149],{"class":108},[94,94725,914],{"class":913},[94,94727,149],{"class":108},[94,94729,60323],{"class":145},[94,94731,149],{"class":108},[94,94733,615],{"class":112},[94,94735,3268],{"class":108},[94,94737,94738,94740,94742,94744,94746,94748,94750,94752,94754,94756],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,94739,326],{"class":145},[94,94741,149],{"class":108},[94,94743,914],{"class":913},[94,94745,149],{"class":108},[94,94747,965],{"class":913},[94,94749,149],{"class":108},[94,94751,60323],{"class":145},[94,94753,149],{"class":108},[94,94755,615],{"class":112},[94,94757,93667],{"class":108},[94,94759,94760,94762,94764,94766,94768,94770,94772,94774],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,94761,326],{"class":145},[94,94763,149],{"class":108},[94,94765,113],{"class":112},[94,94767,21505],{"class":4221},[94,94769,54398],{"class":145},[94,94771,149],{"class":108},[94,94773,615],{"class":112},[94,94775,921],{"class":108},[94,94777,94778,94780,94782,94784,94786,94788,94790,94792],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,94779,326],{"class":145},[94,94781,149],{"class":108},[94,94783,11490],{"class":145},[94,94785,149],{"class":108},[94,94787,60323],{"class":145},[94,94789,149],{"class":108},[94,94791,615],{"class":112},[94,94793,3268],{"class":108},[24,94795,371],{},[85,94797,94799],{"className":87,"code":94798,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nTrue\n5\n",[15,94800,94801,94815,94839,94853,94867,94871],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,94802,94803,94805,94807,94809,94811,94813],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,94804,60323],{"class":145},[94,94806,149],{"class":108},[94,94808,2476],{"class":112},[94,94810,116],{"class":108},[94,94812,772],{"class":112},[94,94814,316],{"class":108},[94,94816,94817,94819,94821,94823,94825,94827,94829,94831,94833,94835,94837],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,94818,539],{"class":108},[94,94820,2476],{"class":112},[94,94822,116],{"class":108},[94,94824,119],{"class":112},[94,94826,116],{"class":108},[94,94828,124],{"class":112},[94,94830,116],{"class":108},[94,94832,421],{"class":112},[94,94834,116],{"class":108},[94,94836,624],{"class":112},[94,94838,127],{"class":108},[94,94840,94841,94843,94845,94847,94849,94851],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,94842,955],{"class":104},[94,94844,959],{"class":958},[94,94846,962],{"class":331},[94,94848,60323],{"class":335},[94,94850,968],{"class":331},[94,94852,971],{"class":104},[94,94854,94855,94857,94859,94861,94863,94865],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,94856,955],{"class":104},[94,94858,959],{"class":958},[94,94860,962],{"class":331},[94,94862,965],{"class":335},[94,94864,968],{"class":331},[94,94866,971],{"class":104},[94,94868,94869],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,94870,4325],{"class":1224},[94,94872,94873],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,94874,3303],{"class":112},[80,94876,2160],{"id":2159},[265,94878,15230,94880,94882],{"id":94879},"is-range-a-list-in-python",[15,94881,36526],{}," a list in Python?",[24,94884,2207,94885,94887],{},[15,94886,36526],{}," returns a range object. It can be iterated over, but it is not a list.",[265,94889,94891,94892,11420,94894,2170],{"id":94890},"why-use-range-instead-of-listrange","Why use ",[15,94893,36526],{},[15,94895,93381],{},[24,94897,94898,94900,94901,94903],{},[15,94899,36526],{}," is better for loops and usually uses less memory. ",[15,94902,93381],{}," creates a full list.",[265,94905,94907],{"id":94906},"can-i-index-a-range-object","Can I index a range object?",[24,94909,94910],{},"Yes. A range object supports indexing, but it still is not a list.",[24,94912,2566],{},[85,94914,94916],{"className":87,"code":94915,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"r = range(5)\nprint(r[1])\n",[15,94917,94918,94932],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,94919,94920,94922,94924,94926,94928,94930],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,94921,93519],{"class":100},[94,94923,105],{"class":104},[94,94925,54398],{"class":145},[94,94927,149],{"class":108},[94,94929,615],{"class":112},[94,94931,316],{"class":108},[94,94933,94934,94936,94938,94940,94942,94944],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,94935,326],{"class":145},[94,94937,149],{"class":108},[94,94939,60830],{"class":152},[94,94941,539],{"class":108},[94,94943,412],{"class":112},[94,94945,4234],{"class":108},[24,94947,371],{},[85,94949,94950],{"className":87,"code":47248,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,94951,94952],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,94953,94954],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,94955,47248],{"class":112},[265,94957,2179,94959,94961],{"id":94958},"why-does-printrange5-not-show-all-numbers",[15,94960,94659],{}," not show all numbers?",[24,94963,94964,94965,94968],{},"Because Python shows the range object representation. Use ",[15,94966,94967],{},"list(range(5))"," to display the numbers as a list.",[265,94970,94972,94973,94975],{"id":94971},"when-should-i-convert-range-to-a-list","When should I convert ",[15,94974,36526],{}," to a list?",[24,94977,94978],{},"Convert it when you need a real list, want list methods, or want clearer displayed output.",[80,94980,2232],{"id":2231},[28,94982,94983,94989,94995,95002,95008],{},[31,94984,94985],{},[434,94986,13,94987,439],{"href":93365},[15,94988,36526],{},[31,94990,94991],{},[434,94992,13,94993,439],{"href":65171},[15,94994,25112],{},[31,94996,94997],{},[434,94998,13,94999,95001],{"href":93817},[15,95000,6289],{}," loops explained",[31,95003,95004],{},[434,95005,37848,95006,36937],{"href":94183},[15,95007,36077],{},[31,95009,95010],{},[434,95011,26453,95012],{"href":35747},[15,95013,34586],{},[2260,95015,95016],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":90,"searchDepth":130,"depth":130,"links":95018},[95019,95020,95021,95023,95025,95027,95029,95030,95031,95032,95043],{"id":82,"depth":130,"text":83},{"id":93483,"depth":130,"text":93484},{"id":93715,"depth":130,"text":95022},"What range() gives you",{"id":93928,"depth":130,"text":95024},"What list(range()) gives you",{"id":94053,"depth":130,"text":95026},"When to use range()",{"id":94188,"depth":130,"text":95028},"When to use list(range())",{"id":15923,"depth":130,"text":15924},{"id":94507,"depth":130,"text":94508},{"id":3185,"depth":130,"text":3186},{"id":2159,"depth":130,"text":2160,"children":95033},[95034,95036,95038,95039,95041],{"id":94879,"depth":137,"text":95035},"Is range() a list in Python?",{"id":94890,"depth":137,"text":95037},"Why use range() instead of list(range())?",{"id":94906,"depth":137,"text":94907},{"id":94958,"depth":137,"text":95040},"Why does print(range(5)) not show all numbers?",{"id":94971,"depth":137,"text":95042},"When should I convert range() to a list?",{"id":2231,"depth":130,"text":2232},"Master python range vs listrange explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained",{"title":93371,"description":95044},"reference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained","rOnOrM8csHUwdMRaIQMxGCpXq2ANZXuGWJ3KxGj9cv8",{"id":95051,"title":95052,"body":95053,"description":96489,"extension":2319,"meta":96490,"navigation":133,"path":96491,"seo":96492,"stem":96493,"__hash__":96494},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained.md","Python round() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":95054,"toc":96455},[95055,95061,95066,95069,95083,95086,95088,95127,95129,95142,95150,95155,95171,95174,95176,95178,95199,95216,95219,95278,95280,95299,95304,95310,95313,95347,95349,95362,95365,95410,95412,95435,95442,95448,95451,95492,95494,95508,95511,95569,95571,95586,95599,95605,95611,95676,95678,95697,95699,95717,95720,95724,95730,95732,95765,95767,95780,95790,95793,95854,95856,95877,95880,95882,95898,95903,95907,95912,95917,95973,95975,95993,95996,96041,96043,96051,96056,96060,96074,96076,96108,96110,96119,96121,96125,96134,96137,96169,96171,96183,96186,96190,96195,96236,96238,96246,96249,96272,96276,96278,96287,96290,96343,96345,96354,96358,96363,96374,96376,96385,96388,96394,96397,96403,96413,96421,96428,96430,96452],[10,95056,13,95058,3930],{"id":95057},"python-round-function-explained",[15,95059,95060],{},"round()",[24,95062,9456,95063,95065],{},[15,95064,95060],{}," function returns a rounded version of a number.",[24,95067,95068],{},"You can use it in two common ways:",[28,95070,95071,95077],{},[31,95072,95073,95076],{},[15,95074,95075],{},"round(number)"," rounds to the nearest whole number",[31,95078,95079,95082],{},[15,95080,95081],{},"round(number, digits)"," rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[24,95084,95085],{},"This is useful when you want cleaner numeric output or when you need to limit decimal places in a result.",[80,95087,2361],{"id":2360},[85,95089,95091],{"className":87,"code":95090,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(round(3.14159))\nprint(round(3.14159, 2))\n",[15,95092,95093,95109],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,95094,95095,95097,95099,95102,95104,95107],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,95096,326],{"class":145},[94,95098,149],{"class":108},[94,95100,95101],{"class":145},"round",[94,95103,149],{"class":108},[94,95105,95106],{"class":112},"3.14159",[94,95108,921],{"class":108},[94,95110,95111,95113,95115,95117,95119,95121,95123,95125],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,95112,326],{"class":145},[94,95114,149],{"class":108},[94,95116,95101],{"class":145},[94,95118,149],{"class":108},[94,95120,95106],{"class":112},[94,95122,116],{"class":108},[94,95124,124],{"class":112},[94,95126,921],{"class":108},[24,95128,371],{},[85,95130,95132],{"className":87,"code":95131,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"3\n3.14\n",[15,95133,95134,95138],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,95135,95136],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,95137,46948],{"class":112},[94,95139,95140],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,95141,40507],{"class":112},[24,95143,54,95144,95146,95147,95149],{},[15,95145,95075],{}," to round to the nearest whole number, or ",[15,95148,95081],{}," to keep a set number of decimal places.",[80,95151,215,95153,218],{"id":95152},"what-round-does",[15,95154,95060],{},[28,95156,95157,95162,95165,95168],{},[31,95158,95159,95161],{},[15,95160,95060],{}," is a built-in Python function",[31,95163,95164],{},"It returns a rounded version of a number",[31,95166,95167],{},"With one argument, it rounds to the nearest integer",[31,95169,95170],{},"With two arguments, it rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[24,95172,95173],{},"You do not need to import anything to use it.",[80,95175,2514],{"id":2513},[24,95177,2517],{},[85,95179,95181],{"className":87,"code":95180,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"round(number[, ndigits])\n",[15,95182,95183],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,95184,95185,95187,95189,95191,95194,95197],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,95186,95101],{"class":145},[94,95188,149],{"class":108},[94,95190,2598],{"class":152},[94,95192,95193],{"class":108},"[,",[94,95195,95196],{"class":152}," ndigits",[94,95198,4234],{"class":108},[28,95200,95201,95206,95211],{},[31,95202,95203,95205],{},[15,95204,2598],{}," is the value to round",[31,95207,95208,20370],{},[15,95209,95210],{},"ndigits",[31,95212,95213,95215],{},[15,95214,95210],{}," can be positive, zero, or negative",[24,95217,95218],{},"Basic examples:",[85,95220,95222],{"className":87,"code":95221,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(round(7.8))\nprint(round(7.8, 1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\n",[15,95223,95224,95239,95257],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,95225,95226,95228,95230,95232,95234,95237],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,95227,326],{"class":145},[94,95229,149],{"class":108},[94,95231,95101],{"class":145},[94,95233,149],{"class":108},[94,95235,95236],{"class":112},"7.8",[94,95238,921],{"class":108},[94,95240,95241,95243,95245,95247,95249,95251,95253,95255],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,95242,326],{"class":145},[94,95244,149],{"class":108},[94,95246,95101],{"class":145},[94,95248,149],{"class":108},[94,95250,95236],{"class":112},[94,95252,116],{"class":108},[94,95254,119],{"class":112},[94,95256,921],{"class":108},[94,95258,95259,95261,95263,95265,95267,95270,95272,95274,95276],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,95260,326],{"class":145},[94,95262,149],{"class":108},[94,95264,95101],{"class":145},[94,95266,149],{"class":108},[94,95268,95269],{"class":112},"1234",[94,95271,116],{"class":108},[94,95273,2581],{"class":104},[94,95275,763],{"class":112},[94,95277,921],{"class":108},[24,95279,371],{},[85,95281,95283],{"className":87,"code":95282,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"8\n7.8\n1200\n",[15,95284,95285,95289,95294],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,95286,95287],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,95288,2739],{"class":112},[94,95290,95291],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,95292,95293],{"class":112},"7.8\n",[94,95295,95296],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,95297,95298],{"class":112},"1200\n",[24,95300,95301,95302,168],{},"If you are still getting used to Python number types, see ",[434,95303,2777],{"href":2776},[80,95305,1484,95307,95309],{"id":95306},"using-round-with-one-argument",[15,95308,95060],{}," with one argument",[24,95311,95312],{},"When you pass only one argument, Python rounds to the nearest whole number.",[85,95314,95316],{"className":87,"code":95315,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(round(4.2))\nprint(round(4.8))\n",[15,95317,95318,95332],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,95319,95320,95322,95324,95326,95328,95330],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,95321,326],{"class":145},[94,95323,149],{"class":108},[94,95325,95101],{"class":145},[94,95327,149],{"class":108},[94,95329,2720],{"class":112},[94,95331,921],{"class":108},[94,95333,95334,95336,95338,95340,95342,95345],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,95335,326],{"class":145},[94,95337,149],{"class":108},[94,95339,95101],{"class":145},[94,95341,149],{"class":108},[94,95343,95344],{"class":112},"4.8",[94,95346,921],{"class":108},[24,95348,371],{},[85,95350,95352],{"className":87,"code":95351,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"4\n5\n",[15,95353,95354,95358],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,95355,95356],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,95357,48982],{"class":112},[94,95359,95360],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,95361,3303],{"class":112},[24,95363,95364],{},"With a normal float, the result is usually an integer:",[85,95366,95368],{"className":87,"code":95367,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"result = round(10.2)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,95369,95370,95386,95396],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,95371,95372,95374,95376,95379,95381,95384],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,95373,305],{"class":100},[94,95375,105],{"class":104},[94,95377,95378],{"class":145}," round",[94,95380,149],{"class":108},[94,95382,95383],{"class":112},"10.2",[94,95385,316],{"class":108},[94,95387,95388,95390,95392,95394],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,95389,326],{"class":145},[94,95391,149],{"class":108},[94,95393,902],{"class":152},[94,95395,316],{"class":108},[94,95397,95398,95400,95402,95404,95406,95408],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,95399,326],{"class":145},[94,95401,149],{"class":108},[94,95403,914],{"class":913},[94,95405,149],{"class":108},[94,95407,902],{"class":152},[94,95409,921],{"class":108},[24,95411,371],{},[85,95413,95415],{"className":87,"code":95414,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"10\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,95416,95417,95421],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,95418,95419],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,95420,2734],{"class":112},[94,95422,95423,95425,95427,95429,95431,95433],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,95424,955],{"class":104},[94,95426,959],{"class":958},[94,95428,962],{"class":331},[94,95430,2546],{"class":335},[94,95432,968],{"class":331},[94,95434,971],{"class":104},[24,95436,95437,95438,168],{},"If you need to convert values directly to integers without rounding rules, compare this with ",[434,95439,13,95440,439],{"href":3231},[15,95441,3234],{},[80,95443,1484,95445,95447],{"id":95444},"using-round-with-decimal-places",[15,95446,95060],{}," with decimal places",[24,95449,95450],{},"You can pass a second argument to control how many decimal places to keep.",[85,95452,95454],{"className":87,"code":95453,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(round(3.14159, 2))\nprint(round(3.14159, 3))\n",[15,95455,95456,95474],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,95457,95458,95460,95462,95464,95466,95468,95470,95472],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,95459,326],{"class":145},[94,95461,149],{"class":108},[94,95463,95101],{"class":145},[94,95465,149],{"class":108},[94,95467,95106],{"class":112},[94,95469,116],{"class":108},[94,95471,124],{"class":112},[94,95473,921],{"class":108},[94,95475,95476,95478,95480,95482,95484,95486,95488,95490],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,95477,326],{"class":145},[94,95479,149],{"class":108},[94,95481,95101],{"class":145},[94,95483,149],{"class":108},[94,95485,95106],{"class":112},[94,95487,116],{"class":108},[94,95489,421],{"class":112},[94,95491,921],{"class":108},[24,95493,371],{},[85,95495,95497],{"className":87,"code":95496,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"3.14\n3.142\n",[15,95498,95499,95503],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,95500,95501],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,95502,40507],{"class":112},[94,95504,95505],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,95506,95507],{"class":112},"3.142\n",[24,95509,95510],{},"This is helpful when you want a simpler numeric value for calculations or reporting.",[85,95512,95514],{"className":87,"code":95513,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"price = 19.9876\nrounded_price = round(price, 2)\n\nprint(price)\nprint(rounded_price)\n",[15,95515,95516,95525,95544,95548,95558],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,95517,95518,95520,95522],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,95519,40717],{"class":100},[94,95521,105],{"class":104},[94,95523,95524],{"class":112}," 19.9876\n",[94,95526,95527,95530,95532,95534,95536,95538,95540,95542],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,95528,95529],{"class":100},"rounded_price ",[94,95531,105],{"class":104},[94,95533,95378],{"class":145},[94,95535,149],{"class":108},[94,95537,25481],{"class":152},[94,95539,116],{"class":108},[94,95541,124],{"class":112},[94,95543,316],{"class":108},[94,95545,95546],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,95547,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,95549,95550,95552,95554,95556],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,95551,326],{"class":145},[94,95553,149],{"class":108},[94,95555,25481],{"class":152},[94,95557,316],{"class":108},[94,95559,95560,95562,95564,95567],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,95561,326],{"class":145},[94,95563,149],{"class":108},[94,95565,95566],{"class":152},"rounded_price",[94,95568,316],{"class":108},[24,95570,371],{},[85,95572,95574],{"className":87,"code":95573,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"19.9876\n19.99\n",[15,95575,95576,95581],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,95577,95578],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,95579,95580],{"class":112},"19.9876\n",[94,95582,95583],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,95584,95585],{"class":112},"19.99\n",[24,95587,95588,95589,95592,95593,2167,95595,168],{},"If you need to convert text such as ",[15,95590,95591],{},"\"3.14159\""," before rounding, see ",[434,95594,41222],{"href":41221},[434,95596,13,95597,439],{"href":3237},[15,95598,3240],{},[80,95600,95602,95603],{"id":95601},"using-negative-ndigits","Using negative ",[15,95604,95210],{},[24,95606,95607,95608,95610],{},"A negative ",[15,95609,95210],{}," value rounds to tens, hundreds, or larger place values.",[85,95612,95614],{"className":87,"code":95613,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(round(1234, -1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\nprint(round(1234, -3))\n",[15,95615,95616,95636,95656],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,95617,95618,95620,95622,95624,95626,95628,95630,95632,95634],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,95619,326],{"class":145},[94,95621,149],{"class":108},[94,95623,95101],{"class":145},[94,95625,149],{"class":108},[94,95627,95269],{"class":112},[94,95629,116],{"class":108},[94,95631,2581],{"class":104},[94,95633,412],{"class":112},[94,95635,921],{"class":108},[94,95637,95638,95640,95642,95644,95646,95648,95650,95652,95654],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,95639,326],{"class":145},[94,95641,149],{"class":108},[94,95643,95101],{"class":145},[94,95645,149],{"class":108},[94,95647,95269],{"class":112},[94,95649,116],{"class":108},[94,95651,2581],{"class":104},[94,95653,763],{"class":112},[94,95655,921],{"class":108},[94,95657,95658,95660,95662,95664,95666,95668,95670,95672,95674],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,95659,326],{"class":145},[94,95661,149],{"class":108},[94,95663,95101],{"class":145},[94,95665,149],{"class":108},[94,95667,95269],{"class":112},[94,95669,116],{"class":108},[94,95671,2581],{"class":104},[94,95673,113],{"class":112},[94,95675,921],{"class":108},[24,95677,371],{},[85,95679,95681],{"className":87,"code":95680,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"1230\n1200\n1000\n",[15,95682,95683,95688,95692],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,95684,95685],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,95686,95687],{"class":112},"1230\n",[94,95689,95690],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,95691,95298],{"class":112},[94,95693,95694],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,95695,95696],{"class":112},"1000\n",[24,95698,65908],{},[28,95700,95701,95706,95712],{},[31,95702,95703,95705],{},[15,95704,66178],{}," rounds to the nearest 10",[31,95707,95708,95711],{},[15,95709,95710],{},"-2"," rounds to the nearest 100",[31,95713,95714,95716],{},[15,95715,48002],{}," rounds to the nearest 1000",[24,95718,95719],{},"This can be useful when you want less precise but easier-to-read numbers.",[80,95721,95723],{"id":95722},"important-behavior-beginners-notice","Important behavior beginners notice",[24,95725,95726,95727,168],{},"Some results may look surprising with numbers ending in ",[15,95728,95729],{},".5",[24,95731,5804],{},[85,95733,95735],{"className":87,"code":95734,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\n",[15,95736,95737,95751],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,95738,95739,95741,95743,95745,95747,95749],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,95740,326],{"class":145},[94,95742,149],{"class":108},[94,95744,95101],{"class":145},[94,95746,149],{"class":108},[94,95748,41489],{"class":112},[94,95750,921],{"class":108},[94,95752,95753,95755,95757,95759,95761,95763],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,95754,326],{"class":145},[94,95756,149],{"class":108},[94,95758,95101],{"class":145},[94,95760,149],{"class":108},[94,95762,2398],{"class":112},[94,95764,921],{"class":108},[24,95766,371],{},[85,95768,95770],{"className":87,"code":95769,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"2\n4\n",[15,95771,95772,95776],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,95773,95774],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,95775,17385],{"class":112},[94,95777,95778],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,95779,48982],{"class":112},[24,95781,95782,95783,95786,95787,95789],{},"Python uses ",[43,95784,95785],{},"banker's rounding"," in tie cases. That means it rounds to the nearest even number in some ",[15,95788,95729],{}," situations.",[24,95791,95792],{},"More examples:",[85,95794,95796],{"className":87,"code":95795,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(round(1.5))\nprint(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\nprint(round(4.5))\n",[15,95797,95798,95812,95826,95840],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,95799,95800,95802,95804,95806,95808,95810],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,95801,326],{"class":145},[94,95803,149],{"class":108},[94,95805,95101],{"class":145},[94,95807,149],{"class":108},[94,95809,41502],{"class":112},[94,95811,921],{"class":108},[94,95813,95814,95816,95818,95820,95822,95824],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,95815,326],{"class":145},[94,95817,149],{"class":108},[94,95819,95101],{"class":145},[94,95821,149],{"class":108},[94,95823,41489],{"class":112},[94,95825,921],{"class":108},[94,95827,95828,95830,95832,95834,95836,95838],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,95829,326],{"class":145},[94,95831,149],{"class":108},[94,95833,95101],{"class":145},[94,95835,149],{"class":108},[94,95837,2398],{"class":112},[94,95839,921],{"class":108},[94,95841,95842,95844,95846,95848,95850,95852],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,95843,326],{"class":145},[94,95845,149],{"class":108},[94,95847,95101],{"class":145},[94,95849,149],{"class":108},[94,95851,41454],{"class":112},[94,95853,921],{"class":108},[24,95855,371],{},[85,95857,95859],{"className":87,"code":95858,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"2\n2\n4\n4\n",[15,95860,95861,95865,95869,95873],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,95862,95863],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,95864,17385],{"class":112},[94,95866,95867],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,95868,17385],{"class":112},[94,95870,95871],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,95872,48982],{"class":112},[94,95874,95875],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,95876,48982],{"class":112},[24,95878,95879],{},"This is normal Python behavior, not a bug.",[24,95881,799],{},[28,95883,95884,95891],{},[31,95885,95886,2490,95889],{},[15,95887,95888],{},"round(2.5)",[15,95890,763],{},[31,95892,95893,2490,95896],{},[15,95894,95895],{},"round(3.5)",[15,95897,857],{},[24,95899,3526,95900,95902],{},[15,95901,95729],{}," to always round upward, this behavior can be confusing at first.",[80,95904,95906],{"id":95905},"return-values","Return values",[24,95908,95909,95911],{},[15,95910,95060],{}," returns the rounded value.",[24,95913,41236,95914,95916],{},[43,95915,45],{}," change the original variable unless you save the result.",[85,95918,95920],{"className":87,"code":95919,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"value = 3.14159\n\nprint(value)\nprint(round(value, 2))\nprint(value)\n",[15,95921,95922,95931,95935,95945,95963],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,95923,95924,95926,95928],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,95925,2804],{"class":100},[94,95927,105],{"class":104},[94,95929,95930],{"class":112}," 3.14159\n",[94,95932,95933],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,95934,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,95936,95937,95939,95941,95943],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,95938,326],{"class":145},[94,95940,149],{"class":108},[94,95942,2829],{"class":152},[94,95944,316],{"class":108},[94,95946,95947,95949,95951,95953,95955,95957,95959,95961],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,95948,326],{"class":145},[94,95950,149],{"class":108},[94,95952,95101],{"class":145},[94,95954,149],{"class":108},[94,95956,2829],{"class":152},[94,95958,116],{"class":108},[94,95960,124],{"class":112},[94,95962,921],{"class":108},[94,95964,95965,95967,95969,95971],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,95966,326],{"class":145},[94,95968,149],{"class":108},[94,95970,2829],{"class":152},[94,95972,316],{"class":108},[24,95974,371],{},[85,95976,95978],{"className":87,"code":95977,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"3.14159\n3.14\n3.14159\n",[15,95979,95980,95985,95989],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,95981,95982],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,95983,95984],{"class":112},"3.14159\n",[94,95986,95987],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,95988,40507],{"class":112},[94,95990,95991],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,95992,95984],{"class":112},[24,95994,95995],{},"If you want to keep the rounded value, assign it:",[85,95997,95999],{"className":87,"code":95998,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"value = 3.14159\nvalue = round(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,96000,96001,96009,96027,96031],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,96002,96003,96005,96007],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,96004,2804],{"class":100},[94,96006,105],{"class":104},[94,96008,95930],{"class":112},[94,96010,96011,96013,96015,96017,96019,96021,96023,96025],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,96012,2804],{"class":100},[94,96014,105],{"class":104},[94,96016,95378],{"class":145},[94,96018,149],{"class":108},[94,96020,2829],{"class":152},[94,96022,116],{"class":108},[94,96024,124],{"class":112},[94,96026,316],{"class":108},[94,96028,96029],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,96030,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,96032,96033,96035,96037,96039],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,96034,326],{"class":145},[94,96036,149],{"class":108},[94,96038,2829],{"class":152},[94,96040,316],{"class":108},[24,96042,371],{},[85,96044,96045],{"className":87,"code":40507,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,96046,96047],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,96048,96049],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,96050,40507],{"class":112},[80,96052,815,96054],{"id":96053},"when-to-use-round",[15,96055,95060],{},[24,96057,54,96058,6650],{},[15,96059,95060],{},[28,96061,96062,96065,96068,96071],{},[31,96063,96064],{},"Display simpler numeric output",[31,96066,96067],{},"Limit decimal places in calculations",[31,96069,96070],{},"Round values before reporting results",[31,96072,96073],{},"Prepare numbers for easier reading",[24,96075,5804],{},[85,96077,96079],{"className":87,"code":96078,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"distance = 12.67891\nprint(round(distance, 2))\n",[15,96080,96081,96090],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,96082,96083,96085,96087],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,96084,2951],{"class":100},[94,96086,105],{"class":104},[94,96088,96089],{"class":112}," 12.67891\n",[94,96091,96092,96094,96096,96098,96100,96102,96104,96106],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,96093,326],{"class":145},[94,96095,149],{"class":108},[94,96097,95101],{"class":145},[94,96099,149],{"class":108},[94,96101,2974],{"class":152},[94,96103,116],{"class":108},[94,96105,124],{"class":112},[94,96107,921],{"class":108},[24,96109,371],{},[85,96111,96113],{"className":87,"code":96112,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"12.68\n",[15,96114,96115],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,96116,96117],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,96118,96112],{"class":112},[80,96120,3186],{"id":3185},[24,96122,23426,96123,168],{},[15,96124,95060],{},[265,96126,8786,96128,96130,96131,96133],{"id":96127},"expecting-round-to-always-round-5-upward",[15,96129,95060],{}," to always round ",[15,96132,95729],{}," upward",[24,96135,96136],{},"This is one of the most common surprises.",[85,96138,96139],{"className":87,"code":95734,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,96140,96141,96155],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,96142,96143,96145,96147,96149,96151,96153],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,96144,326],{"class":145},[94,96146,149],{"class":108},[94,96148,95101],{"class":145},[94,96150,149],{"class":108},[94,96152,41489],{"class":112},[94,96154,921],{"class":108},[94,96156,96157,96159,96161,96163,96165,96167],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,96158,326],{"class":145},[94,96160,149],{"class":108},[94,96162,95101],{"class":145},[94,96164,149],{"class":108},[94,96166,2398],{"class":112},[94,96168,921],{"class":108},[24,96170,371],{},[85,96172,96173],{"className":87,"code":95769,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,96174,96175,96179],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,96176,96177],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,96178,17385],{"class":112},[94,96180,96181],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,96182,48982],{"class":112},[24,96184,96185],{},"Python may round tie values to the nearest even number.",[265,96187,96189],{"id":96188},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-value","Forgetting to save the returned value",[24,96191,96192,96194],{},[15,96193,95060],{}," returns a new value. It does not update the old one by itself.",[85,96196,96198],{"className":87,"code":96197,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"value = 3.14159\nround(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,96199,96200,96208,96222,96226],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,96201,96202,96204,96206],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,96203,2804],{"class":100},[94,96205,105],{"class":104},[94,96207,95930],{"class":112},[94,96209,96210,96212,96214,96216,96218,96220],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,96211,95101],{"class":145},[94,96213,149],{"class":108},[94,96215,2829],{"class":152},[94,96217,116],{"class":108},[94,96219,124],{"class":112},[94,96221,316],{"class":108},[94,96223,96224],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,96225,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,96227,96228,96230,96232,96234],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,96229,326],{"class":145},[94,96231,149],{"class":108},[94,96233,2829],{"class":152},[94,96235,316],{"class":108},[24,96237,371],{},[85,96239,96240],{"className":87,"code":95984,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,96241,96242],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,96243,96244],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,96245,95984],{"class":112},[24,96247,96248],{},"To keep the rounded result:",[85,96250,96252],{"className":87,"code":96251,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"value = round(value, 2)\n",[15,96253,96254],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,96255,96256,96258,96260,96262,96264,96266,96268,96270],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,96257,2804],{"class":100},[94,96259,105],{"class":104},[94,96261,95378],{"class":145},[94,96263,149],{"class":108},[94,96265,2829],{"class":152},[94,96267,116],{"class":108},[94,96269,124],{"class":112},[94,96271,316],{"class":108},[265,96273,96275],{"id":96274},"passing-a-string-instead-of-a-number","Passing a string instead of a number",[24,96277,16729],{},[85,96279,96281],{"className":87,"code":96280,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"# print(round(\"3.14\", 1))\n",[15,96282,96283],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,96284,96285],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,96286,96280],{"class":159},[24,96288,96289],{},"You need to convert the string first:",[85,96291,96293],{"className":87,"code":96292,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"3.14\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(round(number, 1))\n",[15,96294,96295,96307,96321,96325],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,96296,96297,96299,96301,96303,96305],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,96298,1803],{"class":100},[94,96300,105],{"class":104},[94,96302,1040],{"class":331},[94,96304,40473],{"class":335},[94,96306,1812],{"class":331},[94,96308,96309,96311,96313,96315,96317,96319],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,96310,2576],{"class":100},[94,96312,105],{"class":104},[94,96314,40585],{"class":913},[94,96316,149],{"class":108},[94,96318,1817],{"class":152},[94,96320,316],{"class":108},[94,96322,96323],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,96324,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,96326,96327,96329,96331,96333,96335,96337,96339,96341],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,96328,326],{"class":145},[94,96330,149],{"class":108},[94,96332,95101],{"class":145},[94,96334,149],{"class":108},[94,96336,2598],{"class":152},[94,96338,116],{"class":108},[94,96340,119],{"class":112},[94,96342,921],{"class":108},[24,96344,371],{},[85,96346,96348],{"className":87,"code":96347,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"3.1\n",[15,96349,96350],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,96351,96352],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,96353,96347],{"class":112},[265,96355,96357],{"id":96356},"confusing-rounding-a-value-with-formatting-text-output","Confusing rounding a value with formatting text output",[24,96359,96360,96362],{},[15,96361,95060],{}," changes the numeric value it returns. It is not the same as formatting text for display.",[24,96364,96365,96366,2167,96370,168],{},"If your data starts as text, convert it first with ",[434,96367,96368],{"href":3237},[15,96369,3240],{},[434,96371,96372],{"href":3231},[15,96373,3234],{},[80,96375,2160],{"id":2159},[265,96377,13029,96379,96381,96382,96384],{"id":96378},"does-round-always-round-05-up",[15,96380,95060],{}," always round ",[15,96383,40544],{}," up?",[24,96386,96387],{},"No. In tie cases, Python may round to the nearest even number.",[265,96389,13029,96391,96393],{"id":96390},"does-round-change-the-original-number",[15,96392,95060],{}," change the original number?",[24,96395,96396],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to keep it.",[265,96398,2191,96400,96402],{"id":96399},"can-round-round-to-tens-or-hundreds",[15,96401,95060],{}," round to tens or hundreds?",[24,96404,96405,96406,96408,96409,2167,96411,168],{},"Yes. Use a negative ",[15,96407,95210],{}," value like ",[15,96410,66178],{},[15,96412,95710],{},[265,96414,2201,96416,96418,96419,2170],{"id":96415},"can-i-use-round-on-a-string-like-314",[15,96417,95060],{}," on a string like ",[15,96420,48426],{},[24,96422,96423,96424,2167,96426,168],{},"Not directly. Convert the string first with ",[15,96425,3240],{},[15,96427,3234],{},[80,96429,2232],{"id":2231},[28,96431,96432,96438,96444,96448],{},[31,96433,96434],{},[434,96435,13,96436,439],{"href":3237},[15,96437,3240],{},[31,96439,96440],{},[434,96441,13,96442,439],{"href":3231},[15,96443,3234],{},[31,96445,96446],{},[434,96447,2777],{"href":2776},[31,96449,96450],{},[434,96451,42511],{"href":41221},[2260,96453,96454],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":90,"searchDepth":130,"depth":130,"links":96456},[96457,96458,96460,96461,96463,96465,96467,96468,96469,96471,96478,96488],{"id":2360,"depth":130,"text":2361},{"id":95152,"depth":130,"text":96459},"What round() does",{"id":2513,"depth":130,"text":2514},{"id":95306,"depth":130,"text":96462},"Using round() with one argument",{"id":95444,"depth":130,"text":96464},"Using round() with decimal places",{"id":95601,"depth":130,"text":96466},"Using negative ndigits",{"id":95722,"depth":130,"text":95723},{"id":95905,"depth":130,"text":95906},{"id":96053,"depth":130,"text":96470},"When to use round()",{"id":3185,"depth":130,"text":3186,"children":96472},[96473,96475,96476,96477],{"id":96127,"depth":137,"text":96474},"Expecting round() to always round .5 upward",{"id":96188,"depth":137,"text":96189},{"id":96274,"depth":137,"text":96275},{"id":96356,"depth":137,"text":96357},{"id":2159,"depth":130,"text":2160,"children":96479},[96480,96482,96484,96486],{"id":96378,"depth":137,"text":96481},"Does round() always round 0.5 up?",{"id":96390,"depth":137,"text":96483},"Does round() change the original number?",{"id":96399,"depth":137,"text":96485},"Can round() round to tens or hundreds?",{"id":96415,"depth":137,"text":96487},"Can I use round() on a string like \"3.14\"?",{"id":2231,"depth":130,"text":2232},"Master python round function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained",{"title":95052,"description":96489},"reference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained","e0t8hwZaUiwtmjnn3D5wfXRBmBmXDud37ro5ZcnR9iM",{"id":96496,"title":96497,"body":96498,"description":97683,"extension":2319,"meta":97684,"navigation":133,"path":97685,"seo":97686,"stem":97687,"__hash__":97688},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method.md","Python Set add() Method",{"type":7,"value":96499,"toc":97657},[96500,96507,96513,96516,96518,96567,96571,96596,96601,96606,96611,96625,96636,96638,96657,96659,96675,96678,96689,96691,96693,96754,96758,96791,96798,96805,96808,96841,96844,96848,96851,96904,96908,96929,96935,96942,96949,97010,97018,97095,97099,97111,97120,97122,97128,97134,97138,97191,97194,97252,97256,97264,97267,97271,97274,97284,97286,97383,97386,97397,97400,97443,97447,97471,97474,97480,97482,97486,97511,97513,97580,97589,97591,97597,97602,97606,97609,97613,97620,97624,97629,97631,97648,97654],[10,96501,96503,96504,11651],{"id":96502},"python-set-add-method","Python Set ",[15,96505,96506],{},"add()",[24,96508,96509,96512],{},[15,96510,96511],{},"set.add()"," adds one item to a set.",[24,96514,96515],{},"Use it when you want to put a single value into an existing set. If that value is not already present, Python adds it. If it is already in the set, nothing changes.",[80,96517,2361],{"id":2360},[85,96519,96521],{"className":87,"code":96520,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(4)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,96522,96523,96543,96557],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,96524,96525,96527,96529,96531,96533,96535,96537,96539,96541],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,96526,101],{"class":100},[94,96528,105],{"class":104},[94,96530,10823],{"class":108},[94,96532,412],{"class":112},[94,96534,116],{"class":108},[94,96536,124],{"class":112},[94,96538,116],{"class":108},[94,96540,421],{"class":112},[94,96542,9641],{"class":108},[94,96544,96545,96547,96549,96551,96553,96555],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,96546,153],{"class":100},[94,96548,168],{"class":108},[94,96550,82410],{"class":152},[94,96552,149],{"class":108},[94,96554,857],{"class":112},[94,96556,316],{"class":108},[94,96558,96559,96561,96563,96565],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,96560,326],{"class":145},[94,96562,149],{"class":108},[94,96564,153],{"class":152},[94,96566,316],{"class":108},[24,96568,96569],{},[43,96570,371],{},[85,96572,96574],{"className":87,"code":96573,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,96575,96576],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,96577,96578,96580,96582,96584,96586,96588,96590,96592,96594],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,96579,9610],{"class":108},[94,96581,412],{"class":112},[94,96583,116],{"class":108},[94,96585,124],{"class":112},[94,96587,116],{"class":108},[94,96589,421],{"class":112},[94,96591,116],{"class":108},[94,96593,624],{"class":112},[94,96595,9641],{"class":108},[24,96597,54,96598,96600],{},[15,96599,96506],{}," to put one value into a set. If the value is already in the set, nothing changes.",[80,96602,215,96604,218],{"id":96603},"what-setadd-does",[15,96605,96511],{},[24,96607,96608,96610],{},[15,96609,96511],{}," is a built-in set method that:",[28,96612,96613,96616,96619,96622],{},[31,96614,96615],{},"Adds one item to a set",[31,96617,96618],{},"Changes the original set in place",[31,96620,96621],{},"Does not return a new set",[31,96623,96624],{},"Leaves the set unchanged if the item already exists",[24,96626,96627,96628,2167,96632,168],{},"If you are new to sets, see ",[434,96629,96631],{"href":96630},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained","Python sets explained",[434,96633,96635],{"href":96634},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","how to create a set in Python",[80,96637,2514],{"id":2513},[85,96639,96641],{"className":87,"code":96640,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"my_set.add(item)\n",[15,96642,96643],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,96644,96645,96647,96649,96651,96653,96655],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,96646,15994],{"class":100},[94,96648,168],{"class":108},[94,96650,82410],{"class":152},[94,96652,149],{"class":108},[94,96654,23642],{"class":152},[94,96656,316],{"class":108},[24,96658,11788],{},[28,96660,96661,96666,96669],{},[31,96662,56233,96663,96665],{},[15,96664,96506],{}," on an existing set",[31,96667,96668],{},"Pass exactly one item",[31,96670,96671,96672],{},"The item must be ",[43,96673,96674],{},"hashable",[24,96676,96677],{},"A hashable value is a value Python can safely store in a set. Common hashable values include:",[28,96679,96680,96682,96684,96687],{},[31,96681,56786],{},[31,96683,56789],{},[31,96685,96686],{},"Tuples",[31,96688,40925],{},[80,96690,11805],{"id":11804},[24,96692,11808],{},[85,96694,96696],{"className":87,"code":96695,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.add(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,96697,96698,96722,96740,96744],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,96699,96700,96702,96704,96706,96708,96710,96712,96714,96716,96718,96720],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,96701,13402],{"class":100},[94,96703,105],{"class":104},[94,96705,10823],{"class":108},[94,96707,332],{"class":331},[94,96709,13419],{"class":335},[94,96711,332],{"class":331},[94,96713,116],{"class":108},[94,96715,1040],{"class":331},[94,96717,13436],{"class":335},[94,96719,332],{"class":331},[94,96721,9641],{"class":108},[94,96723,96724,96726,96728,96730,96732,96734,96736,96738],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,96725,17832],{"class":100},[94,96727,168],{"class":108},[94,96729,82410],{"class":152},[94,96731,149],{"class":108},[94,96733,332],{"class":331},[94,96735,17785],{"class":335},[94,96737,332],{"class":331},[94,96739,316],{"class":108},[94,96741,96742],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,96743,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,96745,96746,96748,96750,96752],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,96747,326],{"class":145},[94,96749,149],{"class":108},[94,96751,17832],{"class":152},[94,96753,316],{"class":108},[24,96755,96756],{},[43,96757,30360],{},[85,96759,96761],{"className":87,"code":96760,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"{'red', 'green', 'blue'}\n",[15,96762,96763],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,96764,96765,96767,96769,96771,96773,96775,96777,96779,96781,96783,96785,96787,96789],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,96766,9610],{"class":108},[94,96768,968],{"class":331},[94,96770,13419],{"class":335},[94,96772,968],{"class":331},[94,96774,116],{"class":108},[94,96776,962],{"class":331},[94,96778,17785],{"class":335},[94,96780,968],{"class":331},[94,96782,116],{"class":108},[94,96784,962],{"class":331},[94,96786,13436],{"class":335},[94,96788,968],{"class":331},[94,96790,9641],{"class":108},[24,96792,96793,96794,96797],{},"The new value ",[15,96795,96796],{},"\"green\""," was added to the set.",[24,96799,96800,96801,96804],{},"One important thing to remember: ",[43,96802,96803],{},"sets are unordered collections",". That means you should not rely on the printed order of values.",[24,96806,96807],{},"For example, this is also valid output:",[85,96809,96811],{"className":87,"code":96810,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"{'blue', 'red', 'green'}\n",[15,96812,96813],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,96814,96815,96817,96819,96821,96823,96825,96827,96829,96831,96833,96835,96837,96839],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,96816,9610],{"class":108},[94,96818,968],{"class":331},[94,96820,13436],{"class":335},[94,96822,968],{"class":331},[94,96824,116],{"class":108},[94,96826,962],{"class":331},[94,96828,13419],{"class":335},[94,96830,968],{"class":331},[94,96832,116],{"class":108},[94,96834,962],{"class":331},[94,96836,17785],{"class":335},[94,96838,968],{"class":331},[94,96840,9641],{"class":108},[24,96842,96843],{},"The values are the same. Only the display order is different.",[80,96845,96847],{"id":96846},"what-happens-with-duplicate-values","What happens with duplicate values",[24,96849,96850],{},"Sets store unique values only. If you try to add a value that is already in the set, Python does not raise an error.",[85,96852,96854],{"className":87,"code":96853,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,96855,96856,96876,96890,96894],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,96857,96858,96860,96862,96864,96866,96868,96870,96872,96874],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,96859,101],{"class":100},[94,96861,105],{"class":104},[94,96863,10823],{"class":108},[94,96865,412],{"class":112},[94,96867,116],{"class":108},[94,96869,124],{"class":112},[94,96871,116],{"class":108},[94,96873,421],{"class":112},[94,96875,9641],{"class":108},[94,96877,96878,96880,96882,96884,96886,96888],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,96879,153],{"class":100},[94,96881,168],{"class":108},[94,96883,82410],{"class":152},[94,96885,149],{"class":108},[94,96887,763],{"class":112},[94,96889,316],{"class":108},[94,96891,96892],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,96893,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,96895,96896,96898,96900,96902],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,96897,326],{"class":145},[94,96899,149],{"class":108},[94,96901,153],{"class":152},[94,96903,316],{"class":108},[24,96905,96906],{},[43,96907,371],{},[85,96909,96911],{"className":87,"code":96910,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,96912,96913],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,96914,96915,96917,96919,96921,96923,96925,96927],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,96916,9610],{"class":108},[94,96918,412],{"class":112},[94,96920,116],{"class":108},[94,96922,124],{"class":112},[94,96924,116],{"class":108},[94,96926,421],{"class":112},[94,96928,9641],{"class":108},[24,96930,96931,96932,96934],{},"The set stays the same because ",[15,96933,763],{}," was already present.",[80,96936,96938,18,96940],{"id":96937},"add-vs-update",[15,96939,96506],{},[15,96941,15281],{},[24,96943,54,96944,96946,96947,168],{},[15,96945,96506],{}," when you want to add ",[43,96948,52986],{},[85,96950,96952],{"className":87,"code":96951,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.add(\"c\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96953,96954,96978,96996,97000],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,96955,96956,96958,96960,96962,96964,96966,96968,96970,96972,96974,96976],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,96957,36418],{"class":100},[94,96959,105],{"class":104},[94,96961,10823],{"class":108},[94,96963,332],{"class":331},[94,96965,434],{"class":335},[94,96967,332],{"class":331},[94,96969,116],{"class":108},[94,96971,1040],{"class":331},[94,96973,1937],{"class":335},[94,96975,332],{"class":331},[94,96977,9641],{"class":108},[94,96979,96980,96982,96984,96986,96988,96990,96992,96994],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,96981,36471],{"class":100},[94,96983,168],{"class":108},[94,96985,82410],{"class":152},[94,96987,149],{"class":108},[94,96989,332],{"class":331},[94,96991,1946],{"class":335},[94,96993,332],{"class":331},[94,96995,316],{"class":108},[94,96997,96998],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,96999,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,97001,97002,97004,97006,97008],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,97003,326],{"class":145},[94,97005,149],{"class":108},[94,97007,36471],{"class":152},[94,97009,316],{"class":108},[24,97011,54,97012,96946,97014,97017],{},[15,97013,15281],{},[43,97015,97016],{},"multiple items from an iterable"," such as a list, tuple, or set.",[85,97019,97021],{"className":87,"code":97020,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.update([\"c\", \"d\", \"e\"])\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,97022,97023,97047,97081,97085],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,97024,97025,97027,97029,97031,97033,97035,97037,97039,97041,97043,97045],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,97026,36418],{"class":100},[94,97028,105],{"class":104},[94,97030,10823],{"class":108},[94,97032,332],{"class":331},[94,97034,434],{"class":335},[94,97036,332],{"class":331},[94,97038,116],{"class":108},[94,97040,1040],{"class":331},[94,97042,1937],{"class":335},[94,97044,332],{"class":331},[94,97046,9641],{"class":108},[94,97048,97049,97051,97053,97055,97057,97059,97061,97063,97065,97067,97069,97071,97073,97075,97077,97079],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,97050,36471],{"class":100},[94,97052,168],{"class":108},[94,97054,30795],{"class":152},[94,97056,3342],{"class":108},[94,97058,332],{"class":331},[94,97060,1946],{"class":335},[94,97062,332],{"class":331},[94,97064,116],{"class":108},[94,97066,1040],{"class":331},[94,97068,19098],{"class":335},[94,97070,332],{"class":331},[94,97072,116],{"class":108},[94,97074,1040],{"class":331},[94,97076,60772],{"class":335},[94,97078,332],{"class":331},[94,97080,4234],{"class":108},[94,97082,97083],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,97084,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,97086,97087,97089,97091,97093],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,97088,326],{"class":145},[94,97090,149],{"class":108},[94,97092,36471],{"class":152},[94,97094,316],{"class":108},[265,97096,97098],{"id":97097},"key-difference","Key difference",[28,97100,97101,97106],{},[31,97102,97103,97105],{},[15,97104,96506],{}," adds one item",[31,97107,97108,97110],{},[15,97109,15281],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable",[24,97112,97113,97114,168],{},"If you want to learn that method next, see ",[434,97115,97117,97118,567],{"href":97116},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","Python set ",[15,97119,15281],{},[80,97121,17748],{"id":17747},[24,97123,97124,74,97126,168],{},[15,97125,96511],{},[15,97127,77],{},[24,97129,97130,97131,97133],{},"That means you should ",[43,97132,45],{}," assign its result back to the variable.",[265,97135,97137],{"id":97136},"correct","Correct",[85,97139,97141],{"className":87,"code":97140,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,97142,97143,97163,97177,97181],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,97144,97145,97147,97149,97151,97153,97155,97157,97159,97161],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,97146,15956],{"class":100},[94,97148,105],{"class":104},[94,97150,10823],{"class":108},[94,97152,412],{"class":112},[94,97154,116],{"class":108},[94,97156,124],{"class":112},[94,97158,116],{"class":108},[94,97160,421],{"class":112},[94,97162,9641],{"class":108},[94,97164,97165,97167,97169,97171,97173,97175],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,97166,15994],{"class":100},[94,97168,168],{"class":108},[94,97170,82410],{"class":152},[94,97172,149],{"class":108},[94,97174,857],{"class":112},[94,97176,316],{"class":108},[94,97178,97179],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,97180,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,97182,97183,97185,97187,97189],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,97184,326],{"class":145},[94,97186,149],{"class":108},[94,97188,15994],{"class":152},[94,97190,316],{"class":108},[265,97192,97193],{"id":62094},"Wrong",[85,97195,97197],{"className":87,"code":97196,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,97198,97199,97219,97238,97242],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,97200,97201,97203,97205,97207,97209,97211,97213,97215,97217],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,97202,15956],{"class":100},[94,97204,105],{"class":104},[94,97206,10823],{"class":108},[94,97208,412],{"class":112},[94,97210,116],{"class":108},[94,97212,124],{"class":112},[94,97214,116],{"class":108},[94,97216,421],{"class":112},[94,97218,9641],{"class":108},[94,97220,97221,97223,97225,97228,97230,97232,97234,97236],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,97222,15956],{"class":100},[94,97224,105],{"class":104},[94,97226,97227],{"class":100}," my_set",[94,97229,168],{"class":108},[94,97231,82410],{"class":152},[94,97233,149],{"class":108},[94,97235,857],{"class":112},[94,97237,316],{"class":108},[94,97239,97240],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,97241,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,97243,97244,97246,97248,97250],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,97245,326],{"class":145},[94,97247,149],{"class":108},[94,97249,15994],{"class":152},[94,97251,316],{"class":108},[24,97253,97254],{},[43,97255,371],{},[85,97257,97258],{"className":87,"code":1593,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,97259,97260],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,97261,97262],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,97263,1593],{"class":1224},[24,97265,97266],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. The method changes the original set directly.",[80,97268,97270],{"id":97269},"items-you-can-and-cannot-add","Items you can and cannot add",[24,97272,97273],{},"You can add hashable values such as:",[28,97275,97276,97278,97280,97282],{},[31,97277,56786],{},[31,97279,56789],{},[31,97281,96686],{},[31,97283,40925],{},[24,97285,2566],{},[85,97287,97289],{"className":87,"code":97288,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"items = set()\n\nitems.add(10)\nitems.add(\"hello\")\nitems.add((1, 2))\nitems.add(True)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,97290,97291,97301,97305,97319,97337,97355,97369,97373],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,97292,97293,97295,97297,97299],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,97294,8113],{"class":100},[94,97296,105],{"class":104},[94,97298,15961],{"class":913},[94,97300,511],{"class":108},[94,97302,97303],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,97304,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,97306,97307,97309,97311,97313,97315,97317],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,97308,8144],{"class":100},[94,97310,168],{"class":108},[94,97312,82410],{"class":152},[94,97314,149],{"class":108},[94,97316,2688],{"class":112},[94,97318,316],{"class":108},[94,97320,97321,97323,97325,97327,97329,97331,97333,97335],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,97322,8144],{"class":100},[94,97324,168],{"class":108},[94,97326,82410],{"class":152},[94,97328,149],{"class":108},[94,97330,332],{"class":331},[94,97332,4190],{"class":335},[94,97334,332],{"class":331},[94,97336,316],{"class":108},[94,97338,97339,97341,97343,97345,97347,97349,97351,97353],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,97340,8144],{"class":100},[94,97342,168],{"class":108},[94,97344,82410],{"class":152},[94,97346,5842],{"class":108},[94,97348,412],{"class":112},[94,97350,116],{"class":108},[94,97352,124],{"class":112},[94,97354,921],{"class":108},[94,97356,97357,97359,97361,97363,97365,97367],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,97358,8144],{"class":100},[94,97360,168],{"class":108},[94,97362,82410],{"class":152},[94,97364,149],{"class":108},[94,97366,1225],{"class":1224},[94,97368,316],{"class":108},[94,97370,97371],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,97372,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,97374,97375,97377,97379,97381],{"class":96,"line":702},[94,97376,326],{"class":145},[94,97378,149],{"class":108},[94,97380,8144],{"class":152},[94,97382,316],{"class":108},[24,97384,97385],{},"You cannot add mutable values such as:",[28,97387,97388,97391,97394],{},[31,97389,97390],{},"Lists",[31,97392,97393],{},"Dictionaries",[31,97395,97396],{},"Sets",[24,97398,97399],{},"Example that causes an error:",[85,97401,97403],{"className":87,"code":97402,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.add([4, 5])\n",[15,97404,97405,97425],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,97406,97407,97409,97411,97413,97415,97417,97419,97421,97423],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,97408,8113],{"class":100},[94,97410,105],{"class":104},[94,97412,10823],{"class":108},[94,97414,412],{"class":112},[94,97416,116],{"class":108},[94,97418,124],{"class":112},[94,97420,116],{"class":108},[94,97422,421],{"class":112},[94,97424,9641],{"class":108},[94,97426,97427,97429,97431,97433,97435,97437,97439,97441],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,97428,8144],{"class":100},[94,97430,168],{"class":108},[94,97432,82410],{"class":152},[94,97434,3342],{"class":108},[94,97436,857],{"class":112},[94,97438,116],{"class":108},[94,97440,772],{"class":112},[94,97442,4234],{"class":108},[24,97444,97445],{},[43,97446,30011],{},[85,97448,97450],{"className":87,"code":97449,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'\n",[15,97451,97452],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,97453,97454,97456,97458,97461,97463,97465,97467,97469],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,97455,3361],{"class":913},[94,97457,384],{"class":108},[94,97459,97460],{"class":100}," unhashable ",[94,97462,914],{"class":913},[94,97464,384],{"class":108},[94,97466,962],{"class":331},[94,97468,965],{"class":335},[94,97470,30030],{"class":331},[24,97472,97473],{},"This happens because lists are mutable, so they cannot be stored as set items.",[24,97475,97476,97477,168],{},"If you get this error, see how to fix ",[15,97478,97479],{},"TypeError: unhashable type",[80,97481,3186],{"id":3185},[24,97483,15061,97484,384],{},[15,97485,96511],{},[28,97487,97488,97493,97498,97501,97508],{},[31,97489,1484,97490,97492],{},[15,97491,96506],{}," when you need to insert multiple values",[31,97494,8786,97495,97497],{},[15,97496,96506],{}," to return the updated set",[31,97499,97500],{},"Trying to add a list or dictionary to a set",[31,97502,37533,97503,97505,97506],{},[15,97504,96511],{}," with list ",[15,97507,52982],{},[31,97509,97510],{},"Expecting sets to keep insertion order for display logic",[24,97512,71830],{},[85,97514,97516],{"className":87,"code":97515,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nhelp(set.add)\n",[15,97517,97518,97528,97542,97552,97566],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,97519,97520,97522,97524,97526],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,97521,326],{"class":145},[94,97523,149],{"class":108},[94,97525,15994],{"class":152},[94,97527,316],{"class":108},[94,97529,97530,97532,97534,97536,97538,97540],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,97531,326],{"class":145},[94,97533,149],{"class":108},[94,97535,914],{"class":913},[94,97537,149],{"class":108},[94,97539,15994],{"class":152},[94,97541,921],{"class":108},[94,97543,97544,97546,97548,97550],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,97545,326],{"class":145},[94,97547,149],{"class":108},[94,97549,2829],{"class":152},[94,97551,316],{"class":108},[94,97553,97554,97556,97558,97560,97562,97564],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,97555,326],{"class":145},[94,97557,149],{"class":108},[94,97559,914],{"class":913},[94,97561,149],{"class":108},[94,97563,2829],{"class":152},[94,97565,921],{"class":108},[94,97567,97568,97570,97572,97574,97576,97578],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,97569,2080],{"class":145},[94,97571,149],{"class":108},[94,97573,6619],{"class":913},[94,97575,168],{"class":108},[94,97577,82410],{"class":1377},[94,97579,316],{"class":108},[24,97581,97582,97583,97585,97586,168],{},"Also remember that ",[15,97584,96511],{}," is not the same as adding items to a list. If you are working with lists instead, see ",[434,97587,53378],{"href":97588},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python",[80,97590,2160],{"id":2159},[265,97592,13029,97594,97596],{"id":97593},"does-setadd-return-a-new-set",[15,97595,96511],{}," return a new set?",[24,97598,97599,97600,168],{},"No. It changes the existing set and returns ",[15,97601,77],{},[265,97603,97605],{"id":97604},"what-if-i-add-a-value-that-is-already-in-the-set","What if I add a value that is already in the set?",[24,97607,97608],{},"Nothing breaks. The set stays the same because sets keep only unique values.",[265,97610,97612],{"id":97611},"how-do-i-add-more-than-one-item-to-a-set","How do I add more than one item to a set?",[24,97614,54,97615,11420,97618,168],{},[15,97616,97617],{},"set.update()",[15,97619,96506],{},[265,97621,97623],{"id":97622},"can-i-add-a-list-to-a-set","Can I add a list to a set?",[24,97625,97626,97627,168],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so Python raises a ",[15,97628,3361],{},[80,97630,2232],{"id":2231},[28,97632,97633,97637,97642],{},[31,97634,97635],{},[434,97636,96631],{"href":96630},[31,97638,97639],{},[434,97640,97641],{"href":96634},"How to create a set in Python",[31,97643,97644],{},[434,97645,97117,97646,567],{"href":97116},[15,97647,15281],{},[24,97649,97650,97651,97653],{},"Once you understand ",[15,97652,96506],{},", the next useful step is learning when to use a set, list, or another collection type so you can choose the right method for the task.",[2260,97655,97656],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":90,"searchDepth":130,"depth":130,"links":97658},[97659,97660,97662,97663,97664,97665,97669,97673,97674,97675,97682],{"id":2360,"depth":130,"text":2361},{"id":96603,"depth":130,"text":97661},"What set.add() does",{"id":2513,"depth":130,"text":2514},{"id":11804,"depth":130,"text":11805},{"id":96846,"depth":130,"text":96847},{"id":96937,"depth":130,"text":97666,"children":97667},"add() vs update()",[97668],{"id":97097,"depth":137,"text":97098},{"id":17747,"depth":130,"text":17748,"children":97670},[97671,97672],{"id":97136,"depth":137,"text":97137},{"id":62094,"depth":137,"text":97193},{"id":97269,"depth":130,"text":97270},{"id":3185,"depth":130,"text":3186},{"id":2159,"depth":130,"text":2160,"children":97676},[97677,97679,97680,97681],{"id":97593,"depth":137,"text":97678},"Does set.add() return a new set?",{"id":97604,"depth":137,"text":97605},{"id":97611,"depth":137,"text":97612},{"id":97622,"depth":137,"text":97623},{"id":2231,"depth":130,"text":2232},"Master python set add method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method",{"title":96497,"description":97683},"reference\u002Fpython-set-add-method","9I9TzJ60fjl-DGg9PZdc1Vb3FA6ASoe34_STMZ7XW50",{"id":97690,"title":97691,"body":97692,"description":98861,"extension":2319,"meta":98862,"navigation":133,"path":98863,"seo":98864,"stem":98865,"__hash__":98866},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method.md","Python Set clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":97693,"toc":98828},[97694,97699,97705,97712,97757,97759,97770,97775,97780,97784,97798,97803,97805,97807,97822,97824,97838,97840,97842,97907,97909,97919,97921,97939,97945,97952,97957,98031,98033,98050,98056,98061,98132,98134,98161,98178,98181,98187,98189,98196,98200,98267,98269,98284,98287,98340,98342,98350,98362,98364,98368,98373,98375,98424,98426,98434,98436,98481,98483,98493,98499,98507,98520,98526,98528,98557,98559,98577,98581,98584,98615,98617,98635,98639,98714,98716,98732,98739,98741,98746,98751,98757,98760,98764,98772,98779,98787,98789,98825],[10,97695,96503,97697,11651],{"id":97696},"python-set-clear-method",[15,97698,11650],{},[24,97700,97701,97704],{},[15,97702,97703],{},"set.clear()"," removes all items from a set.",[24,97706,97707,97708,97711],{},"Use it when you want to empty a set ",[43,97709,97710],{},"without changing the variable itself",". This method changes the existing set in place, which is important when the same set is used in more than one place.",[85,97713,97715],{"className":87,"code":97714,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.clear()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97716,97717,97737,97747],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,97718,97719,97721,97723,97725,97727,97729,97731,97733,97735],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,97720,101],{"class":100},[94,97722,105],{"class":104},[94,97724,10823],{"class":108},[94,97726,412],{"class":112},[94,97728,116],{"class":108},[94,97730,124],{"class":112},[94,97732,116],{"class":108},[94,97734,421],{"class":112},[94,97736,9641],{"class":108},[94,97738,97739,97741,97743,97745],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,97740,153],{"class":100},[94,97742,168],{"class":108},[94,97744,11712],{"class":152},[94,97746,511],{"class":108},[94,97748,97749,97751,97753,97755],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,97750,326],{"class":145},[94,97752,149],{"class":108},[94,97754,153],{"class":152},[94,97756,316],{"class":108},[24,97758,371],{},[85,97760,97762],{"className":87,"code":97761,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"set()\n",[15,97763,97764],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,97765,97766,97768],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,97767,6619],{"class":913},[94,97769,511],{"class":108},[24,97771,97772,97774],{},[15,97773,11650],{}," removes all items from the set in place. It does not create a new set.",[80,97776,215,97778,218],{"id":97777},"what-setclear-does",[15,97779,97703],{},[24,97781,2336,97782,11742],{},[15,97783,11650],{},[28,97785,97786,97789,97791,97795],{},[31,97787,97788],{},"Removes every item from a set",[31,97790,96618],{},[31,97792,11753,97793],{},[15,97794,77],{},[31,97796,97797],{},"Works on mutable set objects",[24,97799,96627,97800,71929],{},[434,97801,96631],{"href":97802},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained\u002F",[80,97804,2514],{"id":2513},[24,97806,54775],{},[85,97808,97810],{"className":87,"code":97809,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"my_set.clear()\n",[15,97811,97812],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,97813,97814,97816,97818,97820],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,97815,15994],{"class":100},[94,97817,168],{"class":108},[94,97819,11712],{"class":152},[94,97821,511],{"class":108},[24,97823,13378],{},[28,97825,97826,97829,97832,97835],{},[31,97827,97828],{},"It takes no arguments",[31,97830,97831],{},"It empties the set",[31,97833,97834],{},"It keeps the same set variable",[31,97836,97837],{},"Use it when you want the set to stay the same object, but have no items in it",[80,97839,11805],{"id":11804},[24,97841,11808],{},[85,97843,97845],{"className":87,"code":97844,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"colors = {\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"}\n\ncolors.clear()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,97846,97847,97879,97883,97893,97897],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,97848,97849,97851,97853,97855,97857,97859,97861,97863,97865,97867,97869,97871,97873,97875,97877],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,97850,13402],{"class":100},[94,97852,105],{"class":104},[94,97854,10823],{"class":108},[94,97856,332],{"class":331},[94,97858,13419],{"class":335},[94,97860,332],{"class":331},[94,97862,116],{"class":108},[94,97864,1040],{"class":331},[94,97866,17785],{"class":335},[94,97868,332],{"class":331},[94,97870,116],{"class":108},[94,97872,1040],{"class":331},[94,97874,13436],{"class":335},[94,97876,332],{"class":331},[94,97878,9641],{"class":108},[94,97880,97881],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,97882,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,97884,97885,97887,97889,97891],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,97886,17832],{"class":100},[94,97888,168],{"class":108},[94,97890,11712],{"class":152},[94,97892,511],{"class":108},[94,97894,97895],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,97896,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,97898,97899,97901,97903,97905],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,97900,326],{"class":145},[94,97902,149],{"class":108},[94,97904,17832],{"class":152},[94,97906,316],{"class":108},[24,97908,371],{},[85,97910,97911],{"className":87,"code":97761,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,97912,97913],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,97914,97915,97917],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,97916,6619],{"class":913},[94,97918,511],{"class":108},[24,97920,12014],{},[28,97922,97923,97928,97933],{},[31,97924,97925,97927],{},[15,97926,17832],{}," starts with three values",[31,97929,97930,12027],{},[15,97931,97932],{},"colors.clear()",[31,97934,97935,97936,97938],{},"Printing the set shows ",[15,97937,4141],{},", which means an empty set",[80,97940,97942,97944],{"id":97941},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-set",[15,97943,11650],{}," vs creating a new empty set",[24,97946,97947,1139,97949,97951],{},[15,97948,11650],{},[15,97950,4141],{}," can both give you an empty set, but they do not work the same way.",[265,97953,1484,97955],{"id":97954},"using-clear",[15,97956,11650],{},[85,97958,97960],{"className":87,"code":97959,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems.clear()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,97961,97962,97982,97992,97996,98006,98010,98020],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,97963,97964,97966,97968,97970,97972,97974,97976,97978,97980],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,97965,8113],{"class":100},[94,97967,105],{"class":104},[94,97969,10823],{"class":108},[94,97971,412],{"class":112},[94,97973,116],{"class":108},[94,97975,124],{"class":112},[94,97977,116],{"class":108},[94,97979,421],{"class":112},[94,97981,9641],{"class":108},[94,97983,97984,97987,97989],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,97985,97986],{"class":100},"other_name ",[94,97988,105],{"class":104},[94,97990,97991],{"class":100}," items\n",[94,97993,97994],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,97995,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,97997,97998,98000,98002,98004],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,97999,8144],{"class":100},[94,98001,168],{"class":108},[94,98003,11712],{"class":152},[94,98005,511],{"class":108},[94,98007,98008],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,98009,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,98011,98012,98014,98016,98018],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,98013,326],{"class":145},[94,98015,149],{"class":108},[94,98017,8144],{"class":152},[94,98019,316],{"class":108},[94,98021,98022,98024,98026,98029],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,98023,326],{"class":145},[94,98025,149],{"class":108},[94,98027,98028],{"class":152},"other_name",[94,98030,316],{"class":108},[24,98032,371],{},[85,98034,98036],{"className":87,"code":98035,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"set()\nset()\n",[15,98037,98038,98044],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,98039,98040,98042],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,98041,6619],{"class":913},[94,98043,511],{"class":108},[94,98045,98046,98048],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,98047,6619],{"class":913},[94,98049,511],{"class":108},[24,98051,98052,98053,168],{},"Both variables now show an empty set because they refer to the ",[43,98054,98055],{},"same set object",[265,98057,1484,98059],{"id":98058},"using-set",[15,98060,4141],{},[85,98062,98064],{"className":87,"code":98063,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems = set()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,98065,98066,98086,98094,98098,98108,98112,98122],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,98067,98068,98070,98072,98074,98076,98078,98080,98082,98084],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,98069,8113],{"class":100},[94,98071,105],{"class":104},[94,98073,10823],{"class":108},[94,98075,412],{"class":112},[94,98077,116],{"class":108},[94,98079,124],{"class":112},[94,98081,116],{"class":108},[94,98083,421],{"class":112},[94,98085,9641],{"class":108},[94,98087,98088,98090,98092],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,98089,97986],{"class":100},[94,98091,105],{"class":104},[94,98093,97991],{"class":100},[94,98095,98096],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,98097,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,98099,98100,98102,98104,98106],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,98101,8113],{"class":100},[94,98103,105],{"class":104},[94,98105,15961],{"class":913},[94,98107,511],{"class":108},[94,98109,98110],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,98111,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,98113,98114,98116,98118,98120],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,98115,326],{"class":145},[94,98117,149],{"class":108},[94,98119,8144],{"class":152},[94,98121,316],{"class":108},[94,98123,98124,98126,98128,98130],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,98125,326],{"class":145},[94,98127,149],{"class":108},[94,98129,98028],{"class":152},[94,98131,316],{"class":108},[24,98133,371],{},[85,98135,98137],{"className":87,"code":98136,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"set()\n{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,98138,98139,98145],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,98140,98141,98143],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,98142,6619],{"class":913},[94,98144,511],{"class":108},[94,98146,98147,98149,98151,98153,98155,98157,98159],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,98148,9610],{"class":108},[94,98150,412],{"class":112},[94,98152,116],{"class":108},[94,98154,124],{"class":112},[94,98156,116],{"class":108},[94,98158,421],{"class":112},[94,98160,9641],{"class":108},[24,98162,21102,98163,93395,98166,98169,98170,168,98172,98174,98175,98177],{},[15,98164,98165],{},"items = set()",[43,98167,98168],{},"new empty set object"," and assigns it to ",[15,98171,8144],{},[10178,98173],{},"\nBut ",[15,98176,98028],{}," still points to the original set.",[24,98179,98180],{},"This difference matters when more than one variable refers to the same set.",[24,98182,98183,98184,168],{},"If you need help creating sets correctly, see ",[434,98185,96635],{"href":98186},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set\u002F",[80,98188,17748],{"id":17747},[24,98190,98191,14381,98193,98195],{},[15,98192,11650],{},[43,98194,45],{}," return the emptied set.",[24,98197,5485,98198,168],{},[15,98199,77],{},[85,98201,98203],{"className":87,"code":98202,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98204,98205,98225,98229,98243,98247,98257],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,98206,98207,98209,98211,98213,98215,98217,98219,98221,98223],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,98208,101],{"class":100},[94,98210,105],{"class":104},[94,98212,10823],{"class":108},[94,98214,412],{"class":112},[94,98216,116],{"class":108},[94,98218,124],{"class":112},[94,98220,116],{"class":108},[94,98222,421],{"class":112},[94,98224,9641],{"class":108},[94,98226,98227],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,98228,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,98230,98231,98233,98235,98237,98239,98241],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,98232,305],{"class":100},[94,98234,105],{"class":104},[94,98236,343],{"class":100},[94,98238,168],{"class":108},[94,98240,11712],{"class":152},[94,98242,511],{"class":108},[94,98244,98245],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,98246,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,98248,98249,98251,98253,98255],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,98250,326],{"class":145},[94,98252,149],{"class":108},[94,98254,902],{"class":152},[94,98256,316],{"class":108},[94,98258,98259,98261,98263,98265],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,98260,326],{"class":145},[94,98262,149],{"class":108},[94,98264,153],{"class":152},[94,98266,316],{"class":108},[24,98268,371],{},[85,98270,98272],{"className":87,"code":98271,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"None\nset()\n",[15,98273,98274,98278],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,98275,98276],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,98277,1593],{"class":1224},[94,98279,98280,98282],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,98281,6619],{"class":913},[94,98283,511],{"class":108},[24,98285,98286],{},"Do not do this:",[85,98288,98290],{"className":87,"code":98289,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98291,98292,98312,98326,98330],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,98293,98294,98296,98298,98300,98302,98304,98306,98308,98310],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,98295,101],{"class":100},[94,98297,105],{"class":104},[94,98299,10823],{"class":108},[94,98301,412],{"class":112},[94,98303,116],{"class":108},[94,98305,124],{"class":112},[94,98307,116],{"class":108},[94,98309,421],{"class":112},[94,98311,9641],{"class":108},[94,98313,98314,98316,98318,98320,98322,98324],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,98315,101],{"class":100},[94,98317,105],{"class":104},[94,98319,343],{"class":100},[94,98321,168],{"class":108},[94,98323,11712],{"class":152},[94,98325,511],{"class":108},[94,98327,98328],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,98329,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,98331,98332,98334,98336,98338],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,98333,326],{"class":145},[94,98335,149],{"class":108},[94,98337,153],{"class":152},[94,98339,316],{"class":108},[24,98341,371],{},[85,98343,98344],{"className":87,"code":1593,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,98345,98346],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,98347,98348],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,98349,1593],{"class":1224},[24,98351,22520,98352,74,98354,98356,98357,98359,98360,168],{},[15,98353,54888],{},[15,98355,77],{},", and then you assign that ",[15,98358,77],{}," back to ",[15,98361,153],{},[80,98363,4862],{"id":4861},[24,98365,11076,98366,168],{},[15,98367,97703],{},[265,98369,12920,98371],{"id":98370},"assigning-the-result-of-clear",[15,98372,11650],{},[24,98374,16972],{},[85,98376,98378],{"className":87,"code":98377,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,98379,98380,98400,98414],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,98381,98382,98384,98386,98388,98390,98392,98394,98396,98398],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,98383,15956],{"class":100},[94,98385,105],{"class":104},[94,98387,10823],{"class":108},[94,98389,412],{"class":112},[94,98391,116],{"class":108},[94,98393,124],{"class":112},[94,98395,116],{"class":108},[94,98397,421],{"class":112},[94,98399,9641],{"class":108},[94,98401,98402,98404,98406,98408,98410,98412],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,98403,15956],{"class":100},[94,98405,105],{"class":104},[94,98407,97227],{"class":100},[94,98409,168],{"class":108},[94,98411,11712],{"class":152},[94,98413,511],{"class":108},[94,98415,98416,98418,98420,98422],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,98417,326],{"class":145},[94,98419,149],{"class":108},[94,98421,15994],{"class":152},[94,98423,316],{"class":108},[24,98425,371],{},[85,98427,98428],{"className":87,"code":1593,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,98429,98430],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,98431,98432],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,98433,1593],{"class":1224},[24,98435,16984],{},[85,98437,98439],{"className":87,"code":98438,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,98440,98441,98461,98471],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,98442,98443,98445,98447,98449,98451,98453,98455,98457,98459],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,98444,15956],{"class":100},[94,98446,105],{"class":104},[94,98448,10823],{"class":108},[94,98450,412],{"class":112},[94,98452,116],{"class":108},[94,98454,124],{"class":112},[94,98456,116],{"class":108},[94,98458,421],{"class":112},[94,98460,9641],{"class":108},[94,98462,98463,98465,98467,98469],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,98464,15994],{"class":100},[94,98466,168],{"class":108},[94,98468,11712],{"class":152},[94,98470,511],{"class":108},[94,98472,98473,98475,98477,98479],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,98474,326],{"class":145},[94,98476,149],{"class":108},[94,98478,15994],{"class":152},[94,98480,316],{"class":108},[24,98482,371],{},[85,98484,98485],{"className":87,"code":97761,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,98486,98487],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,98488,98489,98491],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,98490,6619],{"class":913},[94,98492,511],{"class":108},[265,98494,8786,98496,98498],{"id":98495},"expecting-clear-to-remove-only-one-item",[15,98497,11650],{}," to remove only one item",[24,98500,98501,98503,98504,98506],{},[15,98502,11650],{}," removes ",[43,98505,4060],{}," items from the set.",[24,98508,98509,98510,2167,98515,168],{},"If you want to remove a single value, use methods like ",[434,98511,98513],{"href":98512},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method\u002F",[15,98514,55856],{},[434,98516,98518],{"href":98517},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method\u002F",[15,98519,13088],{},[265,98521,1484,98523,98525],{"id":98522},"using-for-an-empty-set",[15,98524,4136],{}," for an empty set",[24,98527,26022],{},[85,98529,98531],{"className":87,"code":98530,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"empty_value = {}\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,98532,98533,98542],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,98534,98535,98538,98540],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,98536,98537],{"class":100},"empty_value ",[94,98539,105],{"class":104},[94,98541,10170],{"class":108},[94,98543,98544,98546,98548,98550,98552,98555],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,98545,326],{"class":145},[94,98547,149],{"class":108},[94,98549,914],{"class":913},[94,98551,149],{"class":108},[94,98553,98554],{"class":152},"empty_value",[94,98556,921],{"class":108},[24,98558,371],{},[85,98560,98561],{"className":87,"code":9141,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,98562,98563],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,98564,98565,98567,98569,98571,98573,98575],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,98566,955],{"class":104},[94,98568,959],{"class":958},[94,98570,962],{"class":331},[94,98572,9154],{"class":335},[94,98574,968],{"class":331},[94,98576,971],{"class":104},[24,98578,98579,9121],{},[15,98580,4136],{},[24,98582,98583],{},"To create an empty set, use:",[85,98585,98587],{"className":87,"code":98586,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"empty_set = set()\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,98588,98589,98600],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,98590,98591,98594,98596,98598],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,98592,98593],{"class":100},"empty_set ",[94,98595,105],{"class":104},[94,98597,15961],{"class":913},[94,98599,511],{"class":108},[94,98601,98602,98604,98606,98608,98610,98613],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,98603,326],{"class":145},[94,98605,149],{"class":108},[94,98607,914],{"class":913},[94,98609,149],{"class":108},[94,98611,98612],{"class":152},"empty_set",[94,98614,921],{"class":108},[24,98616,371],{},[85,98618,98619],{"className":87,"code":9185,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,98620,98621],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,98622,98623,98625,98627,98629,98631,98633],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,98624,955],{"class":104},[94,98626,959],{"class":958},[94,98628,962],{"class":331},[94,98630,6619],{"class":335},[94,98632,968],{"class":331},[94,98634,971],{"class":104},[265,98636,98638],{"id":98637},"not-realizing-another-variable-points-to-the-same-set","Not realizing another variable points to the same set",[85,98640,98642],{"className":87,"code":98641,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"a = {\"x\", \"y\"}\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\n",[15,98643,98644,98668,98676,98680,98690,98694,98704],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,98645,98646,98648,98650,98652,98654,98656,98658,98660,98662,98664,98666],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,98647,635],{"class":100},[94,98649,105],{"class":104},[94,98651,10823],{"class":108},[94,98653,332],{"class":331},[94,98655,2531],{"class":335},[94,98657,332],{"class":331},[94,98659,116],{"class":108},[94,98661,1040],{"class":331},[94,98663,12075],{"class":335},[94,98665,332],{"class":331},[94,98667,9641],{"class":108},[94,98669,98670,98672,98674],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,98671,2937],{"class":100},[94,98673,105],{"class":104},[94,98675,36503],{"class":100},[94,98677,98678],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,98679,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,98681,98682,98684,98686,98688],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,98683,434],{"class":100},[94,98685,168],{"class":108},[94,98687,11712],{"class":152},[94,98689,511],{"class":108},[94,98691,98692],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,98693,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,98695,98696,98698,98700,98702],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,98697,326],{"class":145},[94,98699,149],{"class":108},[94,98701,434],{"class":152},[94,98703,316],{"class":108},[94,98705,98706,98708,98710,98712],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,98707,326],{"class":145},[94,98709,149],{"class":108},[94,98711,1937],{"class":152},[94,98713,316],{"class":108},[24,98715,371],{},[85,98717,98718],{"className":87,"code":98035,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,98719,98720,98726],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,98721,98722,98724],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,98723,6619],{"class":913},[94,98725,511],{"class":108},[94,98727,98728,98730],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,98729,6619],{"class":913},[94,98731,511],{"class":108},[24,98733,29392,98734,1139,98736,98738],{},[15,98735,434],{},[15,98737,1937],{}," refer to the same set, clearing one affects both.",[80,98740,2160],{"id":2159},[265,98742,5479,98744,5482],{"id":98743},"what-does-setclear-return-in-python",[15,98745,97703],{},[24,98747,5485,98748,98750],{},[15,98749,77],{},". It empties the set in place.",[265,98752,13029,98754,98756],{"id":98753},"does-clear-delete-the-set-variable",[15,98755,11650],{}," delete the set variable?",[24,98758,98759],{},"No. The variable still exists, but the set becomes empty.",[265,98761,98763],{"id":98762},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-set-after-clearing","How do I create an empty set after clearing?",[24,98765,98766,98767,98769,98770,168],{},"You already have one after ",[15,98768,11650],{},". Printing it shows ",[15,98771,4141],{},[265,98773,5514,98775,1139,98777,2170],{"id":98774},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-set",[15,98776,11650],{},[15,98778,4141],{},[24,98780,98781,98783,98784,98786],{},[15,98782,11650],{}," empties the existing set object. ",[15,98785,4141],{}," creates a new empty set object.",[80,98788,2232],{"id":2231},[28,98790,98791,98795,98799,98806,98812,98818],{},[31,98792,98793],{},[434,98794,96631],{"href":97802},[31,98796,98797],{},[434,98798,97641],{"href":98186},[31,98800,98801],{},[434,98802,97117,98804,567],{"href":98803},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method\u002F",[15,98805,96506],{},[31,98807,98808],{},[434,98809,97117,98810,567],{"href":98512},[15,98811,55856],{},[31,98813,98814],{},[434,98815,97117,98816,567],{"href":98517},[15,98817,13088],{},[31,98819,98820],{},[434,98821,97117,98823,567],{"href":98822},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method\u002F",[15,98824,15281],{},[2260,98826,98827],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":90,"searchDepth":130,"depth":130,"links":98829},[98830,98832,98833,98834,98841,98842,98851,98860],{"id":97777,"depth":130,"text":98831},"What set.clear() does",{"id":2513,"depth":130,"text":2514},{"id":11804,"depth":130,"text":11805},{"id":97941,"depth":130,"text":98835,"children":98836},"clear() vs creating a new empty set",[98837,98839],{"id":97954,"depth":137,"text":98838},"Using clear()",{"id":98058,"depth":137,"text":98840},"Using set()",{"id":17747,"depth":130,"text":17748},{"id":4861,"depth":130,"text":4862,"children":98843},[98844,98846,98848,98850],{"id":98370,"depth":137,"text":98845},"Assigning the result of clear()",{"id":98495,"depth":137,"text":98847},"Expecting clear() to remove only one item",{"id":98522,"depth":137,"text":98849},"Using {} for an empty set",{"id":98637,"depth":137,"text":98638},{"id":2159,"depth":130,"text":2160,"children":98852},[98853,98855,98857,98858],{"id":98743,"depth":137,"text":98854},"What does set.clear() return in Python?",{"id":98753,"depth":137,"text":98856},"Does clear() delete the set variable?",{"id":98762,"depth":137,"text":98763},{"id":98774,"depth":137,"text":98859},"What is the difference between clear() and set()?",{"id":2231,"depth":130,"text":2232},"Master python set clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method",{"title":97691,"description":98861},"reference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method","an3xypUqNVPwtX2yUs0k-KfEaD7q5bOcJq4_cTEG7TM",{"id":98868,"title":98869,"body":98870,"description":100702,"extension":2319,"meta":100703,"navigation":133,"path":96634,"seo":100704,"stem":100705,"__hash__":100706},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set.md","Python Set: Creating a Set",{"type":7,"value":98871,"toc":100659},[98872,98875,98878,98881,98883,98986,98990,99037,99043,99045,99064,99068,99071,99073,99087,99096,99100,99103,99138,99142,99162,99165,99169,99172,99233,99237,99262,99269,99275,99280,99282,99294,99298,99347,99351,99375,99382,99386,99427,99431,99452,99456,99489,99493,99534,99537,99541,99546,99585,99589,99614,99619,99625,99662,99666,99689,99693,99695,99698,99701,99778,99782,99819,99822,99826,99832,99835,99845,99894,99900,99906,99933,99936,99958,99960,99991,99994,99998,100002,100041,100045,100108,100111,100144,100148,100173,100175,100178,100184,100187,100214,100217,100235,100239,100243,100246,100289,100292,100296,100299,100302,100332,100335,100339,100342,100357,100362,100366,100369,100458,100460,100463,100553,100556,100574,100576,100580,100590,100594,100602,100606,100609,100613,100616,100620,100623,100625,100653,100656],[10,98873,98869],{"id":98874},"python-set-creating-a-set",[24,98876,98877],{},"This page shows how to create sets in Python, which syntax to use, and what happens with duplicates and empty sets.",[24,98879,98880],{},"A set is useful when you want a collection of unique values. Unlike a list, a set does not keep duplicate items.",[80,98882,83],{"id":82},[85,98884,98886],{"className":87,"code":98885,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nwords = set([\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\"])\nempty_set = set()\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(words)\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,98887,98888,98908,98942,98952,98956,98966,98976],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,98889,98890,98892,98894,98896,98898,98900,98902,98904,98906],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,98891,101],{"class":100},[94,98893,105],{"class":104},[94,98895,10823],{"class":108},[94,98897,412],{"class":112},[94,98899,116],{"class":108},[94,98901,124],{"class":112},[94,98903,116],{"class":108},[94,98905,421],{"class":112},[94,98907,9641],{"class":108},[94,98909,98910,98912,98914,98916,98918,98920,98922,98924,98926,98928,98930,98932,98934,98936,98938,98940],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,98911,1314],{"class":100},[94,98913,105],{"class":104},[94,98915,15961],{"class":913},[94,98917,3342],{"class":108},[94,98919,332],{"class":331},[94,98921,1332],{"class":335},[94,98923,332],{"class":331},[94,98925,116],{"class":108},[94,98927,1040],{"class":331},[94,98929,4432],{"class":335},[94,98931,332],{"class":331},[94,98933,116],{"class":108},[94,98935,1040],{"class":331},[94,98937,1332],{"class":335},[94,98939,332],{"class":331},[94,98941,4234],{"class":108},[94,98943,98944,98946,98948,98950],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,98945,98593],{"class":100},[94,98947,105],{"class":104},[94,98949,15961],{"class":913},[94,98951,511],{"class":108},[94,98953,98954],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,98955,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,98957,98958,98960,98962,98964],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,98959,326],{"class":145},[94,98961,149],{"class":108},[94,98963,153],{"class":152},[94,98965,316],{"class":108},[94,98967,98968,98970,98972,98974],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,98969,326],{"class":145},[94,98971,149],{"class":108},[94,98973,1362],{"class":152},[94,98975,316],{"class":108},[94,98977,98978,98980,98982,98984],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,98979,326],{"class":145},[94,98981,149],{"class":108},[94,98983,98612],{"class":152},[94,98985,316],{"class":108},[24,98987,98988],{},[43,98989,371],{},[85,98991,98993],{"className":87,"code":98992,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"{1, 2, 3}\n{'banana', 'apple'}\nset()\n",[15,98994,98995,99011,99031],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,98996,98997,98999,99001,99003,99005,99007,99009],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,98998,9610],{"class":108},[94,99000,412],{"class":112},[94,99002,116],{"class":108},[94,99004,124],{"class":112},[94,99006,116],{"class":108},[94,99008,421],{"class":112},[94,99010,9641],{"class":108},[94,99012,99013,99015,99017,99019,99021,99023,99025,99027,99029],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,99014,9610],{"class":108},[94,99016,968],{"class":331},[94,99018,4432],{"class":335},[94,99020,968],{"class":331},[94,99022,116],{"class":108},[94,99024,962],{"class":331},[94,99026,1332],{"class":335},[94,99028,968],{"class":331},[94,99030,9641],{"class":108},[94,99032,99033,99035],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,99034,6619],{"class":913},[94,99036,511],{"class":108},[24,99038,99039,99040,99042],{},"Use curly braces with values for a non-empty set. Use ",[15,99041,4141],{}," for an empty set.",[80,99044,15490],{"id":15489},[28,99046,99047,99050,99055,99058,99061],{},[31,99048,99049],{},"How to create a set with curly braces",[31,99051,99052,99053],{},"How to create a set with ",[15,99054,4141],{},[31,99056,99057],{},"How to create an empty set correctly",[31,99059,99060],{},"What happens to duplicate values",[31,99062,99063],{},"How set creation differs from list, tuple, and dictionary creation",[80,99065,99067],{"id":99066},"what-a-set-is","What a set is",[24,99069,99070],{},"A set is a collection of unique values.",[24,99072,30871],{},[28,99074,99075,99078,99081,99084],{},[31,99076,99077],{},"Sets do not keep duplicate items",[31,99079,99080],{},"Sets are unordered",[31,99082,99083],{},"Sets do not use positions like list indexes",[31,99085,99086],{},"Sets are useful when you only care whether a value exists",[24,99088,99089,99090,2167,99092,168],{},"If you want a full beginner explanation, see ",[434,99091,96631],{"href":97802},[434,99093,99095],{"href":99094},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-set-in-python\u002F","what is a set in Python",[80,99097,99099],{"id":99098},"create-a-set-with-curly-braces","Create a set with curly braces",[24,99101,99102],{},"Use curly braces with comma-separated values to create a non-empty set.",[85,99104,99106],{"className":87,"code":99105,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99107,99108,99128],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,99109,99110,99112,99114,99116,99118,99120,99122,99124,99126],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,99111,101],{"class":100},[94,99113,105],{"class":104},[94,99115,10823],{"class":108},[94,99117,412],{"class":112},[94,99119,116],{"class":108},[94,99121,124],{"class":112},[94,99123,116],{"class":108},[94,99125,421],{"class":112},[94,99127,9641],{"class":108},[94,99129,99130,99132,99134,99136],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,99131,326],{"class":145},[94,99133,149],{"class":108},[94,99135,153],{"class":152},[94,99137,316],{"class":108},[24,99139,99140],{},[43,99141,30360],{},[85,99143,99144],{"className":87,"code":96910,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,99145,99146],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,99147,99148,99150,99152,99154,99156,99158,99160],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,99149,9610],{"class":108},[94,99151,412],{"class":112},[94,99153,116],{"class":108},[94,99155,124],{"class":112},[94,99157,116],{"class":108},[94,99159,421],{"class":112},[94,99161,9641],{"class":108},[24,99163,99164],{},"This is the shortest way to create a set when you already know the values.",[265,99166,99168],{"id":99167},"duplicates-are-removed-automatically","Duplicates are removed automatically",[24,99170,99171],{},"If you repeat a value, Python keeps only one copy.",[85,99173,99175],{"className":87,"code":99174,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3}\nprint(numbers)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,99176,99177,99209,99219],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,99178,99179,99181,99183,99185,99187,99189,99191,99193,99195,99197,99199,99201,99203,99205,99207],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,99180,101],{"class":100},[94,99182,105],{"class":104},[94,99184,10823],{"class":108},[94,99186,412],{"class":112},[94,99188,116],{"class":108},[94,99190,124],{"class":112},[94,99192,116],{"class":108},[94,99194,124],{"class":112},[94,99196,116],{"class":108},[94,99198,421],{"class":112},[94,99200,116],{"class":108},[94,99202,421],{"class":112},[94,99204,116],{"class":108},[94,99206,421],{"class":112},[94,99208,9641],{"class":108},[94,99210,99211,99213,99215,99217],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,99212,326],{"class":145},[94,99214,149],{"class":108},[94,99216,153],{"class":152},[94,99218,316],{"class":108},[94,99220,99221,99223,99225,99227,99229,99231],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,99222,326],{"class":145},[94,99224,149],{"class":108},[94,99226,11490],{"class":145},[94,99228,149],{"class":108},[94,99230,153],{"class":152},[94,99232,921],{"class":108},[24,99234,99235],{},[43,99236,30360],{},[85,99238,99240],{"className":87,"code":99239,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"{1, 2, 3}\n3\n",[15,99241,99242,99258],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,99243,99244,99246,99248,99250,99252,99254,99256],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,99245,9610],{"class":108},[94,99247,412],{"class":112},[94,99249,116],{"class":108},[94,99251,124],{"class":112},[94,99253,116],{"class":108},[94,99255,421],{"class":112},[94,99257,9641],{"class":108},[94,99259,99260],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,99261,46948],{"class":112},[24,99263,21309,99264,1139,99266,99268],{},[15,99265,763],{},[15,99267,113],{}," appeared more than once, the set stores each value only once.",[80,99270,99272,99273],{"id":99271},"create-a-set-with-set","Create a set with ",[15,99274,4141],{},[24,99276,54,99277,99279],{},[15,99278,4141],{}," when you want to build a set from another iterable.",[24,99281,5789],{},[28,99283,99284,99286,99288,99290],{},[31,99285,97390],{},[31,99287,96686],{},[31,99289,56789],{},[31,99291,99292],{},[15,99293,36526],{},[265,99295,99297],{"id":99296},"create-a-set-from-a-list","Create a set from a list",[85,99299,99301],{"className":87,"code":99300,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = set([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99302,99303,99337],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,99304,99305,99307,99309,99311,99313,99315,99317,99319,99321,99323,99325,99327,99329,99331,99333,99335],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,99306,101],{"class":100},[94,99308,105],{"class":104},[94,99310,15961],{"class":913},[94,99312,3342],{"class":108},[94,99314,412],{"class":112},[94,99316,116],{"class":108},[94,99318,124],{"class":112},[94,99320,116],{"class":108},[94,99322,124],{"class":112},[94,99324,116],{"class":108},[94,99326,421],{"class":112},[94,99328,116],{"class":108},[94,99330,421],{"class":112},[94,99332,116],{"class":108},[94,99334,624],{"class":112},[94,99336,4234],{"class":108},[94,99338,99339,99341,99343,99345],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,99340,326],{"class":145},[94,99342,149],{"class":108},[94,99344,153],{"class":152},[94,99346,316],{"class":108},[24,99348,99349],{},[43,99350,30360],{},[85,99352,99353],{"className":87,"code":96573,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,99354,99355],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,99356,99357,99359,99361,99363,99365,99367,99369,99371,99373],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,99358,9610],{"class":108},[94,99360,412],{"class":112},[94,99362,116],{"class":108},[94,99364,124],{"class":112},[94,99366,116],{"class":108},[94,99368,421],{"class":112},[94,99370,116],{"class":108},[94,99372,624],{"class":112},[94,99374,9641],{"class":108},[24,99376,99377,99378,168],{},"This is a common way to remove duplicates from a list. For a full task-based example, see ",[434,99379,99381],{"href":99380},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[265,99383,99385],{"id":99384},"create-a-set-from-a-tuple","Create a set from a tuple",[85,99387,99389],{"className":87,"code":99388,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"values = set((10, 20, 20, 30))\nprint(values)\n",[15,99390,99391,99417],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,99392,99393,99395,99397,99399,99401,99403,99405,99407,99409,99411,99413,99415],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,99394,4167],{"class":100},[94,99396,105],{"class":104},[94,99398,15961],{"class":913},[94,99400,5842],{"class":108},[94,99402,2688],{"class":112},[94,99404,116],{"class":108},[94,99406,8124],{"class":112},[94,99408,116],{"class":108},[94,99410,8124],{"class":112},[94,99412,116],{"class":108},[94,99414,8129],{"class":112},[94,99416,921],{"class":108},[94,99418,99419,99421,99423,99425],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,99420,326],{"class":145},[94,99422,149],{"class":108},[94,99424,5690],{"class":152},[94,99426,316],{"class":108},[24,99428,99429],{},[43,99430,30360],{},[85,99432,99434],{"className":87,"code":99433,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"{10, 20, 30}\n",[15,99435,99436],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,99437,99438,99440,99442,99444,99446,99448,99450],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,99439,9610],{"class":108},[94,99441,2688],{"class":112},[94,99443,116],{"class":108},[94,99445,8124],{"class":112},[94,99447,116],{"class":108},[94,99449,8129],{"class":112},[94,99451,9641],{"class":108},[265,99453,99455],{"id":99454},"create-a-set-from-a-string","Create a set from a string",[85,99457,99459],{"className":87,"code":99458,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"letters = set(\"hello\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,99460,99461,99479],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,99462,99463,99465,99467,99469,99471,99473,99475,99477],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,99464,36418],{"class":100},[94,99466,105],{"class":104},[94,99468,15961],{"class":913},[94,99470,149],{"class":108},[94,99472,332],{"class":331},[94,99474,4190],{"class":335},[94,99476,332],{"class":331},[94,99478,316],{"class":108},[94,99480,99481,99483,99485,99487],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,99482,326],{"class":145},[94,99484,149],{"class":108},[94,99486,36471],{"class":152},[94,99488,316],{"class":108},[24,99490,99491],{},[43,99492,30360],{},[85,99494,99496],{"className":87,"code":99495,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n",[15,99497,99498],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,99499,99500,99502,99504,99506,99508,99510,99512,99514,99516,99518,99520,99522,99524,99526,99528,99530,99532],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,99501,9610],{"class":108},[94,99503,968],{"class":331},[94,99505,60763],{"class":335},[94,99507,968],{"class":331},[94,99509,116],{"class":108},[94,99511,962],{"class":331},[94,99513,60772],{"class":335},[94,99515,968],{"class":331},[94,99517,116],{"class":108},[94,99519,962],{"class":331},[94,99521,60781],{"class":335},[94,99523,968],{"class":331},[94,99525,116],{"class":108},[94,99527,962],{"class":331},[94,99529,60798],{"class":335},[94,99531,968],{"class":331},[94,99533,9641],{"class":108},[24,99535,99536],{},"The string is treated as an iterable of characters, so the set contains unique letters only.",[80,99538,99540],{"id":99539},"how-to-create-an-empty-set","How to create an empty set",[24,99542,99543,99544,168],{},"To create an empty set, use ",[15,99545,4141],{},[85,99547,99549],{"className":87,"code":99548,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,99550,99551,99561,99571],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,99552,99553,99555,99557,99559],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,99554,98593],{"class":100},[94,99556,105],{"class":104},[94,99558,15961],{"class":913},[94,99560,511],{"class":108},[94,99562,99563,99565,99567,99569],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,99564,326],{"class":145},[94,99566,149],{"class":108},[94,99568,98612],{"class":152},[94,99570,316],{"class":108},[94,99572,99573,99575,99577,99579,99581,99583],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,99574,326],{"class":145},[94,99576,149],{"class":108},[94,99578,914],{"class":913},[94,99580,149],{"class":108},[94,99582,98612],{"class":152},[94,99584,921],{"class":108},[24,99586,99587],{},[43,99588,371],{},[85,99590,99592],{"className":87,"code":99591,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"set()\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,99593,99594,99600],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,99595,99596,99598],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,99597,6619],{"class":913},[94,99599,511],{"class":108},[94,99601,99602,99604,99606,99608,99610,99612],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,99603,955],{"class":104},[94,99605,959],{"class":958},[94,99607,962],{"class":331},[94,99609,6619],{"class":335},[94,99611,968],{"class":331},[94,99613,971],{"class":104},[265,99615,44760,99617],{"id":99616},"do-not-use",[15,99618,4136],{},[24,99620,99621,99622,99624],{},"Empty braces do ",[43,99623,45],{}," create a set.",[85,99626,99628],{"className":87,"code":99627,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"empty_value = {}\nprint(empty_value)\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,99629,99630,99638,99648],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,99631,99632,99634,99636],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,99633,98537],{"class":100},[94,99635,105],{"class":104},[94,99637,10170],{"class":108},[94,99639,99640,99642,99644,99646],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,99641,326],{"class":145},[94,99643,149],{"class":108},[94,99645,98554],{"class":152},[94,99647,316],{"class":108},[94,99649,99650,99652,99654,99656,99658,99660],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,99651,326],{"class":145},[94,99653,149],{"class":108},[94,99655,914],{"class":913},[94,99657,149],{"class":108},[94,99659,98554],{"class":152},[94,99661,921],{"class":108},[24,99663,99664],{},[43,99665,371],{},[85,99667,99669],{"className":87,"code":99668,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"{}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,99670,99671,99675],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,99672,99673],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,99674,9767],{"class":108},[94,99676,99677,99679,99681,99683,99685,99687],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,99678,955],{"class":104},[94,99680,959],{"class":958},[94,99682,962],{"class":331},[94,99684,9154],{"class":335},[94,99686,968],{"class":331},[94,99688,971],{"class":104},[24,99690,99691,9121],{},[15,99692,4136],{},[80,99694,72593],{"id":72592},[24,99696,99697],{},"Sets store each value only once.",[24,99699,99700],{},"If the same value appears multiple times, Python removes the extra copies when the set is created.",[85,99702,99704],{"className":87,"code":99703,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"words = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"apple\", \"orange\"}\nprint(words)\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,99705,99706,99754,99764],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,99707,99708,99710,99712,99714,99716,99718,99720,99722,99724,99726,99728,99730,99732,99734,99736,99738,99740,99742,99744,99746,99748,99750,99752],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,99709,1314],{"class":100},[94,99711,105],{"class":104},[94,99713,10823],{"class":108},[94,99715,332],{"class":331},[94,99717,1332],{"class":335},[94,99719,332],{"class":331},[94,99721,116],{"class":108},[94,99723,1040],{"class":331},[94,99725,4432],{"class":335},[94,99727,332],{"class":331},[94,99729,116],{"class":108},[94,99731,1040],{"class":331},[94,99733,1332],{"class":335},[94,99735,332],{"class":331},[94,99737,116],{"class":108},[94,99739,1040],{"class":331},[94,99741,1332],{"class":335},[94,99743,332],{"class":331},[94,99745,116],{"class":108},[94,99747,1040],{"class":331},[94,99749,33552],{"class":335},[94,99751,332],{"class":331},[94,99753,9641],{"class":108},[94,99755,99756,99758,99760,99762],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,99757,326],{"class":145},[94,99759,149],{"class":108},[94,99761,1362],{"class":152},[94,99763,316],{"class":108},[94,99765,99766,99768,99770,99772,99774,99776],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,99767,326],{"class":145},[94,99769,149],{"class":108},[94,99771,11490],{"class":145},[94,99773,149],{"class":108},[94,99775,1362],{"class":152},[94,99777,921],{"class":108},[24,99779,99780],{},[43,99781,30360],{},[85,99783,99785],{"className":87,"code":99784,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n3\n",[15,99786,99787,99815],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,99788,99789,99791,99793,99795,99797,99799,99801,99803,99805,99807,99809,99811,99813],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,99790,9610],{"class":108},[94,99792,968],{"class":331},[94,99794,4432],{"class":335},[94,99796,968],{"class":331},[94,99798,116],{"class":108},[94,99800,962],{"class":331},[94,99802,33552],{"class":335},[94,99804,968],{"class":331},[94,99806,116],{"class":108},[94,99808,962],{"class":331},[94,99810,1332],{"class":335},[94,99812,968],{"class":331},[94,99814,9641],{"class":108},[94,99816,99817],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,99818,46948],{"class":112},[24,99820,99821],{},"This is why sets are helpful for cleaning repeated data.",[80,99823,99825],{"id":99824},"values-you-can-put-in-a-set","Values you can put in a set",[24,99827,99828,99829,99831],{},"Set items must be ",[43,99830,96674],{},". In simple terms, that means Python must be able to treat the value as stable and usable inside a set.",[24,99833,99834],{},"These usually work:",[28,99836,99837,99839,99841,99843],{},[31,99838,56786],{},[31,99840,56789],{},[31,99842,96686],{},[31,99844,40925],{},[85,99846,99848],{"className":87,"code":99847,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"values = {1, \"apple\", (10, 20), True}\nprint(values)\n",[15,99849,99850,99884],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,99851,99852,99854,99856,99858,99860,99862,99864,99866,99868,99870,99872,99874,99876,99878,99880,99882],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,99853,4167],{"class":100},[94,99855,105],{"class":104},[94,99857,10823],{"class":108},[94,99859,412],{"class":112},[94,99861,116],{"class":108},[94,99863,1040],{"class":331},[94,99865,1332],{"class":335},[94,99867,332],{"class":331},[94,99869,116],{"class":108},[94,99871,854],{"class":108},[94,99873,2688],{"class":112},[94,99875,116],{"class":108},[94,99877,8124],{"class":112},[94,99879,9566],{"class":108},[94,99881,4261],{"class":1224},[94,99883,9641],{"class":108},[94,99885,99886,99888,99890,99892],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,99887,326],{"class":145},[94,99889,149],{"class":108},[94,99891,5690],{"class":152},[94,99893,316],{"class":108},[24,99895,99896,99897,99899],{},"These do ",[43,99898,45],{}," work directly:",[28,99901,99902,99904],{},[31,99903,97390],{},[31,99905,97393],{},[85,99907,99909],{"className":87,"code":99908,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"bad_set = {[1, 2, 3]}\n",[15,99910,99911],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,99912,99913,99916,99918,99921,99923,99925,99927,99929,99931],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,99914,99915],{"class":100},"bad_set ",[94,99917,105],{"class":104},[94,99919,99920],{"class":108}," {[",[94,99922,412],{"class":112},[94,99924,116],{"class":108},[94,99926,124],{"class":112},[94,99928,116],{"class":108},[94,99930,421],{"class":112},[94,99932,14033],{"class":108},[24,99934,99935],{},"This raises an error:",[85,99937,99938],{"className":87,"code":97449,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,99939,99940],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,99941,99942,99944,99946,99948,99950,99952,99954,99956],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,99943,3361],{"class":913},[94,99945,384],{"class":108},[94,99947,97460],{"class":100},[94,99949,914],{"class":913},[94,99951,384],{"class":108},[94,99953,962],{"class":331},[94,99955,965],{"class":335},[94,99957,30030],{"class":331},[24,99959,52409],{},[85,99961,99963],{"className":87,"code":99962,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"bad_set = {{\"name\": \"Sam\"}}\n",[15,99964,99965],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,99966,99967,99969,99971,99974,99976,99978,99980,99982,99984,99986,99988],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,99968,99915],{"class":100},[94,99970,105],{"class":104},[94,99972,99973],{"class":108}," {{",[94,99975,332],{"class":331},[94,99977,8001],{"class":335},[94,99979,332],{"class":331},[94,99981,384],{"class":108},[94,99983,1040],{"class":331},[94,99985,8010],{"class":335},[94,99987,332],{"class":331},[94,99989,99990],{"class":108},"}}\n",[24,99992,99993],{},"This also raises an error because dictionaries are unhashable.",[80,99995,99997],{"id":99996},"set-creation-examples-beginners-need","Set creation examples beginners need",[265,99999,100001],{"id":100000},"create-a-set-of-numbers","Create a set of numbers",[85,100003,100005],{"className":87,"code":100004,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,100006,100007,100031],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,100008,100009,100011,100013,100015,100017,100019,100021,100023,100025,100027,100029],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,100010,101],{"class":100},[94,100012,105],{"class":104},[94,100014,10823],{"class":108},[94,100016,412],{"class":112},[94,100018,116],{"class":108},[94,100020,124],{"class":112},[94,100022,116],{"class":108},[94,100024,421],{"class":112},[94,100026,116],{"class":108},[94,100028,624],{"class":112},[94,100030,9641],{"class":108},[94,100032,100033,100035,100037,100039],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,100034,326],{"class":145},[94,100036,149],{"class":108},[94,100038,153],{"class":152},[94,100040,316],{"class":108},[265,100042,100044],{"id":100043},"create-a-set-from-a-list-with-duplicates","Create a set from a list with duplicates",[85,100046,100048],{"className":87,"code":100047,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"items = [1, 1, 2, 3, 3]\nunique_items = set(items)\n\nprint(unique_items)\n",[15,100049,100050,100078,100093,100097],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,100051,100052,100054,100056,100058,100060,100062,100064,100066,100068,100070,100072,100074,100076],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,100053,8113],{"class":100},[94,100055,105],{"class":104},[94,100057,109],{"class":108},[94,100059,412],{"class":112},[94,100061,116],{"class":108},[94,100063,119],{"class":112},[94,100065,116],{"class":108},[94,100067,124],{"class":112},[94,100069,116],{"class":108},[94,100071,421],{"class":112},[94,100073,116],{"class":108},[94,100075,421],{"class":112},[94,100077,127],{"class":108},[94,100079,100080,100083,100085,100087,100089,100091],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,100081,100082],{"class":100},"unique_items ",[94,100084,105],{"class":104},[94,100086,15961],{"class":913},[94,100088,149],{"class":108},[94,100090,8144],{"class":152},[94,100092,316],{"class":108},[94,100094,100095],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,100096,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,100098,100099,100101,100103,100106],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,100100,326],{"class":145},[94,100102,149],{"class":108},[94,100104,100105],{"class":152},"unique_items",[94,100107,316],{"class":108},[265,100109,99455],{"id":100110},"create-a-set-from-a-string-1",[85,100112,100114],{"className":87,"code":100113,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"letters = set(\"banana\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,100115,100116,100134],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,100117,100118,100120,100122,100124,100126,100128,100130,100132],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,100119,36418],{"class":100},[94,100121,105],{"class":104},[94,100123,15961],{"class":913},[94,100125,149],{"class":108},[94,100127,332],{"class":331},[94,100129,4432],{"class":335},[94,100131,332],{"class":331},[94,100133,316],{"class":108},[94,100135,100136,100138,100140,100142],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,100137,326],{"class":145},[94,100139,149],{"class":108},[94,100141,36471],{"class":152},[94,100143,316],{"class":108},[265,100145,100147],{"id":100146},"create-an-empty-set","Create an empty set",[85,100149,100151],{"className":87,"code":100150,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,100152,100153,100163],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,100154,100155,100157,100159,100161],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,100156,98593],{"class":100},[94,100158,105],{"class":104},[94,100160,15961],{"class":913},[94,100162,511],{"class":108},[94,100164,100165,100167,100169,100171],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,100166,326],{"class":145},[94,100168,149],{"class":108},[94,100170,98612],{"class":152},[94,100172,316],{"class":108},[80,100174,3186],{"id":3185},[24,100176,100177],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating sets.",[265,100179,1484,100181,100183],{"id":100180},"using-and-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,100182,4136],{}," and expecting an empty set",[24,100185,100186],{},"This is one of the most common mistakes.",[85,100188,100190],{"className":87,"code":100189,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"value = {}\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,100191,100192,100200],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,100193,100194,100196,100198],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,100195,2804],{"class":100},[94,100197,105],{"class":104},[94,100199,10170],{"class":108},[94,100201,100202,100204,100206,100208,100210,100212],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,100203,326],{"class":145},[94,100205,149],{"class":108},[94,100207,914],{"class":913},[94,100209,149],{"class":108},[94,100211,2829],{"class":152},[94,100213,921],{"class":108},[24,100215,100216],{},"This prints:",[85,100218,100219],{"className":87,"code":9141,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,100220,100221],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,100222,100223,100225,100227,100229,100231,100233],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,100224,955],{"class":104},[94,100226,959],{"class":958},[94,100228,962],{"class":331},[94,100230,9154],{"class":335},[94,100232,968],{"class":331},[94,100234,971],{"class":104},[24,100236,54,100237,6963],{},[15,100238,4141],{},[265,100240,100242],{"id":100241},"forgetting-that-duplicate-values-are-removed","Forgetting that duplicate values are removed",[24,100244,100245],{},"If you create a set with repeated values, the duplicates disappear.",[85,100247,100249],{"className":87,"code":100248,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,100250,100251,100279],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,100252,100253,100255,100257,100259,100261,100263,100265,100267,100269,100271,100273,100275,100277],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,100254,101],{"class":100},[94,100256,105],{"class":104},[94,100258,10823],{"class":108},[94,100260,412],{"class":112},[94,100262,116],{"class":108},[94,100264,119],{"class":112},[94,100266,116],{"class":108},[94,100268,124],{"class":112},[94,100270,116],{"class":108},[94,100272,124],{"class":112},[94,100274,116],{"class":108},[94,100276,421],{"class":112},[94,100278,9641],{"class":108},[94,100280,100281,100283,100285,100287],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,100282,326],{"class":145},[94,100284,149],{"class":108},[94,100286,153],{"class":152},[94,100288,316],{"class":108},[24,100290,100291],{},"You will only get the unique values.",[265,100293,100295],{"id":100294},"expecting-set-items-to-stay-in-a-fixed-order","Expecting set items to stay in a fixed order",[24,100297,100298],{},"A set is unordered. You should not rely on item position.",[24,100300,100301],{},"This means code like this does not work:",[85,100303,100305],{"className":87,"code":100304,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = {10, 20, 30}\n# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[15,100306,100307,100327],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,100308,100309,100311,100313,100315,100317,100319,100321,100323,100325],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,100310,101],{"class":100},[94,100312,105],{"class":104},[94,100314,10823],{"class":108},[94,100316,2688],{"class":112},[94,100318,116],{"class":108},[94,100320,8124],{"class":112},[94,100322,116],{"class":108},[94,100324,8129],{"class":112},[94,100326,9641],{"class":108},[94,100328,100329],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,100330,100331],{"class":159},"# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[24,100333,100334],{},"If you need ordered items by position, use a list instead.",[265,100336,100338],{"id":100337},"trying-to-put-a-list-or-dictionary-inside-a-set","Trying to put a list or dictionary inside a set",[24,100340,100341],{},"Lists and dictionaries cannot be added directly to a set because they are unhashable.",[85,100343,100345],{"className":87,"code":100344,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[15,100346,100347,100352],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,100348,100349],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,100350,100351],{"class":159},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n",[94,100353,100354],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,100355,100356],{"class":159},"# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[24,100358,100359,100360,168],{},"Both examples would raise a ",[15,100361,3361],{},[265,100363,100365],{"id":100364},"confusing-set-creation-with-dictionary-creation","Confusing set creation with dictionary creation",[24,100367,100368],{},"These look similar, but they are different:",[85,100370,100372],{"className":87,"code":100371,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,100373,100374,100394,100426,100430,100444],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,100375,100376,100378,100380,100382,100384,100386,100388,100390,100392],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,100377,15956],{"class":100},[94,100379,105],{"class":104},[94,100381,10823],{"class":108},[94,100383,412],{"class":112},[94,100385,116],{"class":108},[94,100387,124],{"class":112},[94,100389,116],{"class":108},[94,100391,421],{"class":112},[94,100393,9641],{"class":108},[94,100395,100396,100398,100400,100402,100404,100406,100408,100410,100412,100414,100416,100418,100420,100422,100424],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,100397,12054],{"class":100},[94,100399,105],{"class":104},[94,100401,10823],{"class":108},[94,100403,332],{"class":331},[94,100405,434],{"class":335},[94,100407,332],{"class":331},[94,100409,384],{"class":108},[94,100411,119],{"class":112},[94,100413,116],{"class":108},[94,100415,1040],{"class":331},[94,100417,1937],{"class":335},[94,100419,332],{"class":331},[94,100421,384],{"class":108},[94,100423,124],{"class":112},[94,100425,9641],{"class":108},[94,100427,100428],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,100429,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,100431,100432,100434,100436,100438,100440,100442],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,100433,326],{"class":145},[94,100435,149],{"class":108},[94,100437,914],{"class":913},[94,100439,149],{"class":108},[94,100441,15994],{"class":152},[94,100443,921],{"class":108},[94,100445,100446,100448,100450,100452,100454,100456],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,100447,326],{"class":145},[94,100449,149],{"class":108},[94,100451,914],{"class":913},[94,100453,149],{"class":108},[94,100455,11779],{"class":152},[94,100457,921],{"class":108},[80,100459,93087],{"id":93086},[24,100461,100462],{},"If you are not sure what Python created, these quick checks help:",[85,100464,100466],{"className":87,"code":100465,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"my_set = set([1, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint({})\nprint(set())\n",[15,100467,100468,100494,100498,100512,100522,100536,100543],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,100469,100470,100472,100474,100476,100478,100480,100482,100484,100486,100488,100490,100492],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,100471,15956],{"class":100},[94,100473,105],{"class":104},[94,100475,15961],{"class":913},[94,100477,3342],{"class":108},[94,100479,412],{"class":112},[94,100481,116],{"class":108},[94,100483,124],{"class":112},[94,100485,116],{"class":108},[94,100487,124],{"class":112},[94,100489,116],{"class":108},[94,100491,421],{"class":112},[94,100493,4234],{"class":108},[94,100495,100496],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,100497,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,100499,100500,100502,100504,100506,100508,100510],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,100501,326],{"class":145},[94,100503,149],{"class":108},[94,100505,914],{"class":913},[94,100507,149],{"class":108},[94,100509,15994],{"class":152},[94,100511,921],{"class":108},[94,100513,100514,100516,100518,100520],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,100515,326],{"class":145},[94,100517,149],{"class":108},[94,100519,15994],{"class":152},[94,100521,316],{"class":108},[94,100523,100524,100526,100528,100530,100532,100534],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,100525,326],{"class":145},[94,100527,149],{"class":108},[94,100529,11490],{"class":145},[94,100531,149],{"class":108},[94,100533,15994],{"class":152},[94,100535,921],{"class":108},[94,100537,100538,100540],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,100539,326],{"class":145},[94,100541,100542],{"class":108},"({})\n",[94,100544,100545,100547,100549,100551],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,100546,326],{"class":145},[94,100548,149],{"class":108},[94,100550,6619],{"class":913},[94,100552,7527],{"class":108},[24,100554,100555],{},"Use these to confirm:",[28,100557,100558,100561,100564,100567],{},[31,100559,100560],{},"The object type",[31,100562,100563],{},"The actual values stored",[31,100565,100566],{},"Whether duplicates were removed",[31,100568,100569,100570,1139,100572],{},"The difference between ",[15,100571,4136],{},[15,100573,4141],{},[80,100575,2160],{"id":2159},[265,100577,100579],{"id":100578},"how-do-you-create-a-set-in-python","How do you create a set in Python?",[24,100581,100582,100583,100586,100587,100589],{},"Use curly braces for a non-empty set, like ",[15,100584,100585],{},"{1, 2, 3}",", or use ",[15,100588,4141],{}," with another iterable.",[265,100591,100593],{"id":100592},"how-do-you-create-an-empty-set-in-python","How do you create an empty set in Python?",[24,100595,54,100596,100598,100599,100601],{},[15,100597,4141],{},". Empty braces ",[15,100600,4136],{}," create a dictionary, not a set.",[265,100603,100605],{"id":100604},"does-a-set-keep-duplicates","Does a set keep duplicates?",[24,100607,100608],{},"No. Python removes duplicate values automatically when the set is created.",[265,100610,100612],{"id":100611},"can-a-set-contain-a-list","Can a set contain a list?",[24,100614,100615],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so they cannot be stored inside a set.",[265,100617,100619],{"id":100618},"is-a-set-ordered-in-python","Is a set ordered in Python?",[24,100621,100622],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item position.",[80,100624,2232],{"id":2231},[28,100626,100627,100631,100637,100643,100648],{},[31,100628,100629],{},[434,100630,96631],{"href":97802},[31,100632,100633],{},[434,100634,13,100635,567],{"href":98803},[15,100636,96511],{},[31,100638,100639],{},[434,100640,13,100641,567],{"href":98822},[15,100642,97617],{},[31,100644,100645],{},[434,100646,100647],{"href":99380},"How to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[31,100649,100650],{},[434,100651,100652],{"href":99094},"What is a set in Python?",[24,100654,100655],{},"Next, learn how to add items to a set or use a set to remove duplicates from data.",[2260,100657,100658],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":90,"searchDepth":130,"depth":130,"links":100660},[100661,100662,100663,100664,100667,100673,100677,100678,100679,100685,100693,100694,100701],{"id":82,"depth":130,"text":83},{"id":15489,"depth":130,"text":15490},{"id":99066,"depth":130,"text":99067},{"id":99098,"depth":130,"text":99099,"children":100665},[100666],{"id":99167,"depth":137,"text":99168},{"id":99271,"depth":130,"text":100668,"children":100669},"Create a set with set()",[100670,100671,100672],{"id":99296,"depth":137,"text":99297},{"id":99384,"depth":137,"text":99385},{"id":99454,"depth":137,"text":99455},{"id":99539,"depth":130,"text":99540,"children":100674},[100675],{"id":99616,"depth":137,"text":100676},"Do not use {}",{"id":72592,"depth":130,"text":72593},{"id":99824,"depth":130,"text":99825},{"id":99996,"depth":130,"text":99997,"children":100680},[100681,100682,100683,100684],{"id":100000,"depth":137,"text":100001},{"id":100043,"depth":137,"text":100044},{"id":100110,"depth":137,"text":99455},{"id":100146,"depth":137,"text":100147},{"id":3185,"depth":130,"text":3186,"children":100686},[100687,100689,100690,100691,100692],{"id":100180,"depth":137,"text":100688},"Using {} and expecting an empty set",{"id":100241,"depth":137,"text":100242},{"id":100294,"depth":137,"text":100295},{"id":100337,"depth":137,"text":100338},{"id":100364,"depth":137,"text":100365},{"id":93086,"depth":130,"text":93087},{"id":2159,"depth":130,"text":2160,"children":100695},[100696,100697,100698,100699,100700],{"id":100578,"depth":137,"text":100579},{"id":100592,"depth":137,"text":100593},{"id":100604,"depth":137,"text":100605},{"id":100611,"depth":137,"text":100612},{"id":100618,"depth":137,"text":100619},{"id":2231,"depth":130,"text":2232},"Master python set creating a set in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":98869,"description":100702},"reference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","F7KVZkLoMkGFL1kMVB2Scd2DlvV1I1oMzOpp-WRoVog",{"id":100708,"title":100709,"body":100710,"description":103141,"extension":2319,"meta":103142,"navigation":133,"path":103143,"seo":103144,"stem":103145,"__hash__":103146},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method.md","Python Set difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":100711,"toc":103106},[100712,100718,100724,100727,100729,100806,100808,100825,100835,100837,100842,100850,100852,100868,100872,100874,100876,100879,100900,100903,100927,100933,100935,101032,101034,101051,101061,101063,101065,101073,101075,101086,101088,101179,101181,101205,101216,101218,101220,101223,101353,101355,101428,101430,101451,101454,101456,101462,101467,101470,101597,101599,101616,101619,101621,101629,101632,101636,101644,101735,101737,101774,101779,101786,101863,101865,101881,101886,101891,101893,101902,101910,101991,101993,102022,102025,102029,102040,102043,102126,102128,102149,102155,102157,102159,102163,102167,102174,102239,102241,102261,102264,102333,102335,102351,102355,102361,102373,102381,102383,102468,102470,102499,102502,102506,102511,102513,102563,102566,102647,102649,102665,102669,102672,102747,102750,102754,102757,102834,102836,102869,102875,102879,102882,103017,103019,103033,103035,103037,103043,103046,103053,103061,103067,103070,103074,103077,103079,103081,103103],[10,100713,96503,100715,11651],{"id":100714},"python-set-difference-method",[15,100716,100717],{},"difference()",[24,100719,100720,100723],{},[15,100721,100722],{},"set.difference()"," returns the values that are in one set but not in another.",[24,100725,100726],{},"This is useful when you want to find items that exist in the first set and remove anything that also appears in one or more other sets.",[80,100728,83],{"id":82},[85,100730,100732],{"className":87,"code":100731,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\nresult = a.difference(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100733,100734,100758,100778,100796],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,100735,100736,100738,100740,100742,100744,100746,100748,100750,100752,100754,100756],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,100737,635],{"class":100},[94,100739,105],{"class":104},[94,100741,10823],{"class":108},[94,100743,412],{"class":112},[94,100745,116],{"class":108},[94,100747,124],{"class":112},[94,100749,116],{"class":108},[94,100751,421],{"class":112},[94,100753,116],{"class":108},[94,100755,624],{"class":112},[94,100757,9641],{"class":108},[94,100759,100760,100762,100764,100766,100768,100770,100772,100774,100776],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,100761,2937],{"class":100},[94,100763,105],{"class":104},[94,100765,10823],{"class":108},[94,100767,113],{"class":112},[94,100769,116],{"class":108},[94,100771,624],{"class":112},[94,100773,116],{"class":108},[94,100775,772],{"class":112},[94,100777,9641],{"class":108},[94,100779,100780,100782,100784,100786,100788,100790,100792,100794],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,100781,305],{"class":100},[94,100783,105],{"class":104},[94,100785,682],{"class":100},[94,100787,168],{"class":108},[94,100789,3167],{"class":152},[94,100791,149],{"class":108},[94,100793,1937],{"class":152},[94,100795,316],{"class":108},[94,100797,100798,100800,100802,100804],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,100799,326],{"class":145},[94,100801,149],{"class":108},[94,100803,902],{"class":152},[94,100805,316],{"class":108},[24,100807,371],{},[85,100809,100811],{"className":87,"code":100810,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"{1, 2}\n",[15,100812,100813],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,100814,100815,100817,100819,100821,100823],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,100816,9610],{"class":108},[94,100818,412],{"class":112},[94,100820,116],{"class":108},[94,100822,124],{"class":112},[94,100824,9641],{"class":108},[24,100826,100827,100829,100830,100832,100833,168],{},[15,100828,100717],{}," returns a new set with items from ",[15,100831,434],{}," that are not in ",[15,100834,1937],{},[45248,100836],{},[80,100838,215,100840,218],{"id":100839},"what-difference-does",[15,100841,100717],{},[24,100843,2336,100844,100846,100847,100849],{},[15,100845,100717],{}," method compares sets and keeps only the values from the first set that do ",[43,100848,45],{}," appear in the other set.",[24,100851,13378],{},[28,100853,100854,100859,100862,100865],{},[31,100855,100856,100858],{},[15,100857,100717],{}," returns items that are in the first set but not in the other set",[31,100860,100861],{},"It creates a new set",[31,100863,100864],{},"It does not change the original set",[31,100866,100867],{},"It is useful for finding removed, missing, or unique values",[24,100869,96627,100870,168],{},[434,100871,96631],{"href":97802},[45248,100873],{},[80,100875,2514],{"id":2513},[24,100877,100878],{},"Use this form:",[85,100880,100882],{"className":87,"code":100881,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"set1.difference(set2)\n",[15,100883,100884],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,100885,100886,100889,100891,100893,100895,100898],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,100887,100888],{"class":100},"set1",[94,100890,168],{"class":108},[94,100892,3167],{"class":152},[94,100894,149],{"class":108},[94,100896,100897],{"class":152},"set2",[94,100899,316],{"class":108},[24,100901,100902],{},"You can also compare against more than one set:",[85,100904,100906],{"className":87,"code":100905,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"set1.difference(set2, set3)\n",[15,100907,100908],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,100909,100910,100912,100914,100916,100918,100920,100922,100925],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,100911,100888],{"class":100},[94,100913,168],{"class":108},[94,100915,3167],{"class":152},[94,100917,149],{"class":108},[94,100919,100897],{"class":152},[94,100921,116],{"class":108},[94,100923,100924],{"class":152}," set3",[94,100926,316],{"class":108},[24,100928,100929,100930,100932],{},"In that case, Python removes any value found in ",[43,100931,5685],{}," of the other sets.",[24,100934,2566],{},[85,100936,100938],{"className":87,"code":100937,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2, 3}\nc = {5}\n\nresult = a.difference(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100939,100940,100968,100984,100996,101000,101022],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,100941,100942,100944,100946,100948,100950,100952,100954,100956,100958,100960,100962,100964,100966],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,100943,635],{"class":100},[94,100945,105],{"class":104},[94,100947,10823],{"class":108},[94,100949,412],{"class":112},[94,100951,116],{"class":108},[94,100953,124],{"class":112},[94,100955,116],{"class":108},[94,100957,421],{"class":112},[94,100959,116],{"class":108},[94,100961,624],{"class":112},[94,100963,116],{"class":108},[94,100965,772],{"class":112},[94,100967,9641],{"class":108},[94,100969,100970,100972,100974,100976,100978,100980,100982],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,100971,2937],{"class":100},[94,100973,105],{"class":104},[94,100975,10823],{"class":108},[94,100977,763],{"class":112},[94,100979,116],{"class":108},[94,100981,421],{"class":112},[94,100983,9641],{"class":108},[94,100985,100986,100988,100990,100992,100994],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,100987,83490],{"class":100},[94,100989,105],{"class":104},[94,100991,10823],{"class":108},[94,100993,615],{"class":112},[94,100995,9641],{"class":108},[94,100997,100998],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,100999,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,101001,101002,101004,101006,101008,101010,101012,101014,101016,101018,101020],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,101003,305],{"class":100},[94,101005,105],{"class":104},[94,101007,682],{"class":100},[94,101009,168],{"class":108},[94,101011,3167],{"class":152},[94,101013,149],{"class":108},[94,101015,1937],{"class":152},[94,101017,116],{"class":108},[94,101019,10014],{"class":152},[94,101021,316],{"class":108},[94,101023,101024,101026,101028,101030],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,101025,326],{"class":145},[94,101027,149],{"class":108},[94,101029,902],{"class":152},[94,101031,316],{"class":108},[24,101033,371],{},[85,101035,101037],{"className":87,"code":101036,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"{1, 4}\n",[15,101038,101039],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,101040,101041,101043,101045,101047,101049],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,101042,9610],{"class":108},[94,101044,412],{"class":112},[94,101046,116],{"class":108},[94,101048,624],{"class":112},[94,101050,9641],{"class":108},[24,101052,101053,101054,101056,101057,2167,101059,168],{},"Here, Python starts with ",[15,101055,434],{}," and removes anything found in ",[15,101058,1937],{},[15,101060,1946],{},[45248,101062],{},[80,101064,17748],{"id":17747},[24,101066,101067,101069,101070,168],{},[15,101068,100717],{}," always returns a ",[43,101071,101072],{},"new set",[24,101074,43981],{},[28,101076,101077,101080,101083],{},[31,101078,101079],{},"The return value is a new set",[31,101081,101082],{},"The result may be an empty set if all items are removed",[31,101084,101085],{},"The result is still a set, even if nothing remains",[24,101087,2566],{},[85,101089,101091],{"className":87,"code":101090,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,101092,101093,101109,101129,101133,101151,101155,101165],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,101094,101095,101097,101099,101101,101103,101105,101107],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,101096,635],{"class":100},[94,101098,105],{"class":104},[94,101100,10823],{"class":108},[94,101102,412],{"class":112},[94,101104,116],{"class":108},[94,101106,124],{"class":112},[94,101108,9641],{"class":108},[94,101110,101111,101113,101115,101117,101119,101121,101123,101125,101127],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,101112,2937],{"class":100},[94,101114,105],{"class":104},[94,101116,10823],{"class":108},[94,101118,412],{"class":112},[94,101120,116],{"class":108},[94,101122,124],{"class":112},[94,101124,116],{"class":108},[94,101126,421],{"class":112},[94,101128,9641],{"class":108},[94,101130,101131],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,101132,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,101134,101135,101137,101139,101141,101143,101145,101147,101149],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,101136,305],{"class":100},[94,101138,105],{"class":104},[94,101140,682],{"class":100},[94,101142,168],{"class":108},[94,101144,3167],{"class":152},[94,101146,149],{"class":108},[94,101148,1937],{"class":152},[94,101150,316],{"class":108},[94,101152,101153],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,101154,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,101156,101157,101159,101161,101163],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,101158,326],{"class":145},[94,101160,149],{"class":108},[94,101162,902],{"class":152},[94,101164,316],{"class":108},[94,101166,101167,101169,101171,101173,101175,101177],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,101168,326],{"class":145},[94,101170,149],{"class":108},[94,101172,914],{"class":913},[94,101174,149],{"class":108},[94,101176,902],{"class":152},[94,101178,921],{"class":108},[24,101180,371],{},[85,101182,101183],{"className":87,"code":99591,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,101184,101185,101191],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,101186,101187,101189],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,101188,6619],{"class":913},[94,101190,511],{"class":108},[94,101192,101193,101195,101197,101199,101201,101203],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,101194,955],{"class":104},[94,101196,959],{"class":958},[94,101198,962],{"class":331},[94,101200,6619],{"class":335},[94,101202,968],{"class":331},[94,101204,971],{"class":104},[24,101206,101207,101208,19294,101210,101212,101213,101215],{},"An empty set is shown as ",[15,101209,4141],{},[15,101211,4136],{},". In Python, ",[15,101214,4136],{}," means an empty dictionary.",[45248,101217],{},[80,101219,11805],{"id":11804},[24,101221,101222],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets:",[85,101224,101226],{"className":87,"code":101225,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"fruits_a = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits_b = {\"banana\", \"orange\", \"grape\"}\n\nresult = fruits_a.difference(fruits_b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits_a)\nprint(fruits_b)\n",[15,101227,101228,101261,101294,101298,101318,101322,101332,101343],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,101229,101230,101233,101235,101237,101239,101241,101243,101245,101247,101249,101251,101253,101255,101257,101259],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,101231,101232],{"class":100},"fruits_a ",[94,101234,105],{"class":104},[94,101236,10823],{"class":108},[94,101238,332],{"class":331},[94,101240,1332],{"class":335},[94,101242,332],{"class":331},[94,101244,116],{"class":108},[94,101246,1040],{"class":331},[94,101248,4432],{"class":335},[94,101250,332],{"class":331},[94,101252,116],{"class":108},[94,101254,1040],{"class":331},[94,101256,33552],{"class":335},[94,101258,332],{"class":331},[94,101260,9641],{"class":108},[94,101262,101263,101266,101268,101270,101272,101274,101276,101278,101280,101282,101284,101286,101288,101290,101292],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,101264,101265],{"class":100},"fruits_b ",[94,101267,105],{"class":104},[94,101269,10823],{"class":108},[94,101271,332],{"class":331},[94,101273,4432],{"class":335},[94,101275,332],{"class":331},[94,101277,116],{"class":108},[94,101279,1040],{"class":331},[94,101281,33552],{"class":335},[94,101283,332],{"class":331},[94,101285,116],{"class":108},[94,101287,1040],{"class":331},[94,101289,22864],{"class":335},[94,101291,332],{"class":331},[94,101293,9641],{"class":108},[94,101295,101296],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,101297,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,101299,101300,101302,101304,101307,101309,101311,101313,101316],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,101301,305],{"class":100},[94,101303,105],{"class":104},[94,101305,101306],{"class":100}," fruits_a",[94,101308,168],{"class":108},[94,101310,3167],{"class":152},[94,101312,149],{"class":108},[94,101314,101315],{"class":152},"fruits_b",[94,101317,316],{"class":108},[94,101319,101320],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,101321,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,101323,101324,101326,101328,101330],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,101325,326],{"class":145},[94,101327,149],{"class":108},[94,101329,902],{"class":152},[94,101331,316],{"class":108},[94,101333,101334,101336,101338,101341],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,101335,326],{"class":145},[94,101337,149],{"class":108},[94,101339,101340],{"class":152},"fruits_a",[94,101342,316],{"class":108},[94,101344,101345,101347,101349,101351],{"class":96,"line":702},[94,101346,326],{"class":145},[94,101348,149],{"class":108},[94,101350,101315],{"class":152},[94,101352,316],{"class":108},[24,101354,30360],{},[85,101356,101358],{"className":87,"code":101357,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"{'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'grape'}\n",[15,101359,101360,101372,101400],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,101361,101362,101364,101366,101368,101370],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,101363,9610],{"class":108},[94,101365,968],{"class":331},[94,101367,1332],{"class":335},[94,101369,968],{"class":331},[94,101371,9641],{"class":108},[94,101373,101374,101376,101378,101380,101382,101384,101386,101388,101390,101392,101394,101396,101398],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,101375,9610],{"class":108},[94,101377,968],{"class":331},[94,101379,4432],{"class":335},[94,101381,968],{"class":331},[94,101383,116],{"class":108},[94,101385,962],{"class":331},[94,101387,33552],{"class":335},[94,101389,968],{"class":331},[94,101391,116],{"class":108},[94,101393,962],{"class":331},[94,101395,1332],{"class":335},[94,101397,968],{"class":331},[94,101399,9641],{"class":108},[94,101401,101402,101404,101406,101408,101410,101412,101414,101416,101418,101420,101422,101424,101426],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,101403,9610],{"class":108},[94,101405,968],{"class":331},[94,101407,4432],{"class":335},[94,101409,968],{"class":331},[94,101411,116],{"class":108},[94,101413,962],{"class":331},[94,101415,33552],{"class":335},[94,101417,968],{"class":331},[94,101419,116],{"class":108},[94,101421,962],{"class":331},[94,101423,22864],{"class":335},[94,101425,968],{"class":331},[94,101427,9641],{"class":108},[24,101429,12014],{},[28,101431,101432,101437,101442,101448],{},[31,101433,101434,101435],{},"Start with ",[15,101436,101340],{},[31,101438,101439,101440],{},"Remove any values also found in ",[15,101441,101315],{},[31,101443,101444,101445,101447],{},"Only ",[15,101446,58157],{}," remains",[31,101449,101450],{},"The original sets stay unchanged",[24,101452,101453],{},"Notice that the printed order may look different. Sets do not keep items in a fixed order.",[45248,101455],{},[80,101457,1484,101459,101461],{"id":101458},"using-difference-with-multiple-sets",[15,101460,100717],{}," with multiple sets",[24,101463,101464,101465,168],{},"You can pass two or more sets into ",[15,101466,100717],{},[24,101468,101469],{},"Python removes any value from the first set if that value appears in any of the other sets.",[85,101471,101473],{"className":87,"code":101472,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\ngroup_a = {2, 4}\ngroup_b = {5}\ngroup_c = {6, 7}\n\nresult = numbers.difference(group_a, group_b, group_c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,101474,101475,101507,101524,101537,101554,101558,101587],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,101476,101477,101479,101481,101483,101485,101487,101489,101491,101493,101495,101497,101499,101501,101503,101505],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,101478,101],{"class":100},[94,101480,105],{"class":104},[94,101482,10823],{"class":108},[94,101484,412],{"class":112},[94,101486,116],{"class":108},[94,101488,124],{"class":112},[94,101490,116],{"class":108},[94,101492,421],{"class":112},[94,101494,116],{"class":108},[94,101496,624],{"class":112},[94,101498,116],{"class":108},[94,101500,772],{"class":112},[94,101502,116],{"class":108},[94,101504,37973],{"class":112},[94,101506,9641],{"class":108},[94,101508,101509,101512,101514,101516,101518,101520,101522],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,101510,101511],{"class":100},"group_a ",[94,101513,105],{"class":104},[94,101515,10823],{"class":108},[94,101517,763],{"class":112},[94,101519,116],{"class":108},[94,101521,624],{"class":112},[94,101523,9641],{"class":108},[94,101525,101526,101529,101531,101533,101535],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,101527,101528],{"class":100},"group_b ",[94,101530,105],{"class":104},[94,101532,10823],{"class":108},[94,101534,615],{"class":112},[94,101536,9641],{"class":108},[94,101538,101539,101542,101544,101546,101548,101550,101552],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,101540,101541],{"class":100},"group_c ",[94,101543,105],{"class":104},[94,101545,10823],{"class":108},[94,101547,80899],{"class":112},[94,101549,116],{"class":108},[94,101551,6325],{"class":112},[94,101553,9641],{"class":108},[94,101555,101556],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,101557,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,101559,101560,101562,101564,101566,101568,101570,101572,101575,101577,101580,101582,101585],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,101561,305],{"class":100},[94,101563,105],{"class":104},[94,101565,343],{"class":100},[94,101567,168],{"class":108},[94,101569,3167],{"class":152},[94,101571,149],{"class":108},[94,101573,101574],{"class":152},"group_a",[94,101576,116],{"class":108},[94,101578,101579],{"class":152}," group_b",[94,101581,116],{"class":108},[94,101583,101584],{"class":152}," group_c",[94,101586,316],{"class":108},[94,101588,101589,101591,101593,101595],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,101590,326],{"class":145},[94,101592,149],{"class":108},[94,101594,902],{"class":152},[94,101596,316],{"class":108},[24,101598,371],{},[85,101600,101602],{"className":87,"code":101601,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"{1, 3}\n",[15,101603,101604],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,101605,101606,101608,101610,101612,101614],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,101607,9610],{"class":108},[94,101609,412],{"class":112},[94,101611,116],{"class":108},[94,101613,421],{"class":112},[94,101615,9641],{"class":108},[24,101617,101618],{},"This is helpful when you want to compare one main set against several groups at once.",[45248,101620],{},[80,101622,101624,18,101626],{"id":101623},"difference-vs-difference_update",[15,101625,100717],{},[15,101627,101628],{},"difference_update()",[24,101630,101631],{},"These two methods are similar, but they work differently.",[265,101633,101634],{"id":3167},[15,101635,100717],{},[28,101637,101638,101641],{},[31,101639,101640],{},"Returns a new set",[31,101642,101643],{},"Does not change the original set",[85,101645,101647],{"className":87,"code":101646,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101648,101649,101673,101689,101693,101711,101715,101725],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,101650,101651,101653,101655,101657,101659,101661,101663,101665,101667,101669,101671],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,101652,635],{"class":100},[94,101654,105],{"class":104},[94,101656,10823],{"class":108},[94,101658,412],{"class":112},[94,101660,116],{"class":108},[94,101662,124],{"class":112},[94,101664,116],{"class":108},[94,101666,421],{"class":112},[94,101668,116],{"class":108},[94,101670,624],{"class":112},[94,101672,9641],{"class":108},[94,101674,101675,101677,101679,101681,101683,101685,101687],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,101676,2937],{"class":100},[94,101678,105],{"class":104},[94,101680,10823],{"class":108},[94,101682,113],{"class":112},[94,101684,116],{"class":108},[94,101686,624],{"class":112},[94,101688,9641],{"class":108},[94,101690,101691],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,101692,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,101694,101695,101697,101699,101701,101703,101705,101707,101709],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,101696,305],{"class":100},[94,101698,105],{"class":104},[94,101700,682],{"class":100},[94,101702,168],{"class":108},[94,101704,3167],{"class":152},[94,101706,149],{"class":108},[94,101708,1937],{"class":152},[94,101710,316],{"class":108},[94,101712,101713],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,101714,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,101716,101717,101719,101721,101723],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,101718,326],{"class":145},[94,101720,149],{"class":108},[94,101722,902],{"class":152},[94,101724,316],{"class":108},[94,101726,101727,101729,101731,101733],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,101728,326],{"class":145},[94,101730,149],{"class":108},[94,101732,434],{"class":152},[94,101734,316],{"class":108},[24,101736,371],{},[85,101738,101740],{"className":87,"code":101739,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,101741,101742,101754],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,101743,101744,101746,101748,101750,101752],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,101745,9610],{"class":108},[94,101747,412],{"class":112},[94,101749,116],{"class":108},[94,101751,124],{"class":112},[94,101753,9641],{"class":108},[94,101755,101756,101758,101760,101762,101764,101766,101768,101770,101772],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,101757,9610],{"class":108},[94,101759,412],{"class":112},[94,101761,116],{"class":108},[94,101763,124],{"class":112},[94,101765,116],{"class":108},[94,101767,421],{"class":112},[94,101769,116],{"class":108},[94,101771,624],{"class":112},[94,101773,9641],{"class":108},[265,101775,101777],{"id":101776},"difference_update",[15,101778,101628],{},[28,101780,101781,101784],{},[31,101782,101783],{},"Changes the original set",[31,101785,96621],{},[85,101787,101789],{"className":87,"code":101788,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\na.difference_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,101790,101791,101815,101831,101835,101849,101853],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,101792,101793,101795,101797,101799,101801,101803,101805,101807,101809,101811,101813],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,101794,635],{"class":100},[94,101796,105],{"class":104},[94,101798,10823],{"class":108},[94,101800,412],{"class":112},[94,101802,116],{"class":108},[94,101804,124],{"class":112},[94,101806,116],{"class":108},[94,101808,421],{"class":112},[94,101810,116],{"class":108},[94,101812,624],{"class":112},[94,101814,9641],{"class":108},[94,101816,101817,101819,101821,101823,101825,101827,101829],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,101818,2937],{"class":100},[94,101820,105],{"class":104},[94,101822,10823],{"class":108},[94,101824,113],{"class":112},[94,101826,116],{"class":108},[94,101828,624],{"class":112},[94,101830,9641],{"class":108},[94,101832,101833],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,101834,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,101836,101837,101839,101841,101843,101845,101847],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,101838,434],{"class":100},[94,101840,168],{"class":108},[94,101842,101776],{"class":152},[94,101844,149],{"class":108},[94,101846,1937],{"class":152},[94,101848,316],{"class":108},[94,101850,101851],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,101852,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,101854,101855,101857,101859,101861],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,101856,326],{"class":145},[94,101858,149],{"class":108},[94,101860,434],{"class":152},[94,101862,316],{"class":108},[24,101864,371],{},[85,101866,101867],{"className":87,"code":100810,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,101868,101869],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,101870,101871,101873,101875,101877,101879],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,101872,9610],{"class":108},[94,101874,412],{"class":112},[94,101876,116],{"class":108},[94,101878,124],{"class":112},[94,101880,9641],{"class":108},[24,101882,54,101883,101885],{},[15,101884,100717],{}," when you want to keep the original data.",[24,101887,101888,101889,1829],{},"For more on the in-place version, see Python set ",[15,101890,101628],{},[45248,101892],{},[80,101894,101896,101898,101899,101901],{"id":101895},"difference-vs-the-operator",[15,101897,100717],{}," vs the ",[15,101900,2380],{}," operator",[24,101903,2336,101904,101906,101907,101909],{},[15,101905,2380],{}," operator does the same kind of comparison as ",[15,101908,100717],{}," for two sets.",[85,101911,101913],{"className":87,"code":101912,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(a - b)\n",[15,101914,101915,101939,101955,101959,101977],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,101916,101917,101919,101921,101923,101925,101927,101929,101931,101933,101935,101937],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,101918,635],{"class":100},[94,101920,105],{"class":104},[94,101922,10823],{"class":108},[94,101924,412],{"class":112},[94,101926,116],{"class":108},[94,101928,124],{"class":112},[94,101930,116],{"class":108},[94,101932,421],{"class":112},[94,101934,116],{"class":108},[94,101936,624],{"class":112},[94,101938,9641],{"class":108},[94,101940,101941,101943,101945,101947,101949,101951,101953],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,101942,2937],{"class":100},[94,101944,105],{"class":104},[94,101946,10823],{"class":108},[94,101948,113],{"class":112},[94,101950,116],{"class":108},[94,101952,624],{"class":112},[94,101954,9641],{"class":108},[94,101956,101957],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,101958,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,101960,101961,101963,101965,101967,101969,101971,101973,101975],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,101962,326],{"class":145},[94,101964,149],{"class":108},[94,101966,434],{"class":152},[94,101968,168],{"class":108},[94,101970,3167],{"class":152},[94,101972,149],{"class":108},[94,101974,1937],{"class":152},[94,101976,921],{"class":108},[94,101978,101979,101981,101983,101985,101987,101989],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,101980,326],{"class":145},[94,101982,149],{"class":108},[94,101984,635],{"class":152},[94,101986,2380],{"class":104},[94,101988,2914],{"class":152},[94,101990,316],{"class":108},[24,101992,371],{},[85,101994,101996],{"className":87,"code":101995,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,101997,101998,102010],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,101999,102000,102002,102004,102006,102008],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,102001,9610],{"class":108},[94,102003,412],{"class":112},[94,102005,116],{"class":108},[94,102007,124],{"class":112},[94,102009,9641],{"class":108},[94,102011,102012,102014,102016,102018,102020],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,102013,9610],{"class":108},[94,102015,412],{"class":112},[94,102017,116],{"class":108},[94,102019,124],{"class":112},[94,102021,9641],{"class":108},[24,102023,102024],{},"Both lines give the same result.",[24,102026,94891,102027,2170],{},[15,102028,100717],{},[28,102030,102031,102034,102037],{},[31,102032,102033],{},"It is often clearer for beginners",[31,102035,102036],{},"The method name explains what the code is doing",[31,102038,102039],{},"It easily supports multiple sets",[24,102041,102042],{},"Example with multiple sets:",[85,102044,102046],{"className":87,"code":102045,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2}\nc = {4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b, c))\n",[15,102047,102048,102076,102088,102100,102104],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,102049,102050,102052,102054,102056,102058,102060,102062,102064,102066,102068,102070,102072,102074],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,102051,635],{"class":100},[94,102053,105],{"class":104},[94,102055,10823],{"class":108},[94,102057,412],{"class":112},[94,102059,116],{"class":108},[94,102061,124],{"class":112},[94,102063,116],{"class":108},[94,102065,421],{"class":112},[94,102067,116],{"class":108},[94,102069,624],{"class":112},[94,102071,116],{"class":108},[94,102073,772],{"class":112},[94,102075,9641],{"class":108},[94,102077,102078,102080,102082,102084,102086],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,102079,2937],{"class":100},[94,102081,105],{"class":104},[94,102083,10823],{"class":108},[94,102085,763],{"class":112},[94,102087,9641],{"class":108},[94,102089,102090,102092,102094,102096,102098],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,102091,83490],{"class":100},[94,102093,105],{"class":104},[94,102095,10823],{"class":108},[94,102097,857],{"class":112},[94,102099,9641],{"class":108},[94,102101,102102],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,102103,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,102105,102106,102108,102110,102112,102114,102116,102118,102120,102122,102124],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,102107,326],{"class":145},[94,102109,149],{"class":108},[94,102111,434],{"class":152},[94,102113,168],{"class":108},[94,102115,3167],{"class":152},[94,102117,149],{"class":108},[94,102119,1937],{"class":152},[94,102121,116],{"class":108},[94,102123,10014],{"class":152},[94,102125,921],{"class":108},[24,102127,371],{},[85,102129,102131],{"className":87,"code":102130,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"{1, 3, 5}\n",[15,102132,102133],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,102134,102135,102137,102139,102141,102143,102145,102147],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,102136,9610],{"class":108},[94,102138,412],{"class":112},[94,102140,116],{"class":108},[94,102142,421],{"class":112},[94,102144,116],{"class":108},[94,102146,772],{"class":112},[94,102148,9641],{"class":108},[24,102150,102151,102152,102154],{},"You cannot write that in the same simple way with a single ",[15,102153,2380],{}," operator expression.",[45248,102156],{},[80,102158,4862],{"id":4861},[24,102160,21543,102161,168],{},[15,102162,100717],{},[265,102164,102166],{"id":102165},"expecting-the-original-set-to-change","Expecting the original set to change",[24,102168,4971,102169,102171,102172,384],{},[43,102170,45],{}," change ",[15,102173,434],{},[85,102175,102177],{"className":87,"code":102176,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,102178,102179,102199,102211,102215,102229],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,102180,102181,102183,102185,102187,102189,102191,102193,102195,102197],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,102182,635],{"class":100},[94,102184,105],{"class":104},[94,102186,10823],{"class":108},[94,102188,412],{"class":112},[94,102190,116],{"class":108},[94,102192,124],{"class":112},[94,102194,116],{"class":108},[94,102196,421],{"class":112},[94,102198,9641],{"class":108},[94,102200,102201,102203,102205,102207,102209],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,102202,2937],{"class":100},[94,102204,105],{"class":104},[94,102206,10823],{"class":108},[94,102208,113],{"class":112},[94,102210,9641],{"class":108},[94,102212,102213],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,102214,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,102216,102217,102219,102221,102223,102225,102227],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,102218,434],{"class":100},[94,102220,168],{"class":108},[94,102222,3167],{"class":152},[94,102224,149],{"class":108},[94,102226,1937],{"class":152},[94,102228,316],{"class":108},[94,102230,102231,102233,102235,102237],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,102232,326],{"class":145},[94,102234,149],{"class":108},[94,102236,434],{"class":152},[94,102238,316],{"class":108},[24,102240,371],{},[85,102242,102243],{"className":87,"code":96910,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,102244,102245],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,102246,102247,102249,102251,102253,102255,102257,102259],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,102248,9610],{"class":108},[94,102250,412],{"class":112},[94,102252,116],{"class":108},[94,102254,124],{"class":112},[94,102256,116],{"class":108},[94,102258,421],{"class":112},[94,102260,9641],{"class":108},[24,102262,102263],{},"If you want to keep the result, save it:",[85,102265,102267],{"className":87,"code":102266,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na = a.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,102268,102269,102289,102301,102305,102323],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,102270,102271,102273,102275,102277,102279,102281,102283,102285,102287],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,102272,635],{"class":100},[94,102274,105],{"class":104},[94,102276,10823],{"class":108},[94,102278,412],{"class":112},[94,102280,116],{"class":108},[94,102282,124],{"class":112},[94,102284,116],{"class":108},[94,102286,421],{"class":112},[94,102288,9641],{"class":108},[94,102290,102291,102293,102295,102297,102299],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,102292,2937],{"class":100},[94,102294,105],{"class":104},[94,102296,10823],{"class":108},[94,102298,113],{"class":112},[94,102300,9641],{"class":108},[94,102302,102303],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,102304,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,102306,102307,102309,102311,102313,102315,102317,102319,102321],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,102308,635],{"class":100},[94,102310,105],{"class":104},[94,102312,682],{"class":100},[94,102314,168],{"class":108},[94,102316,3167],{"class":152},[94,102318,149],{"class":108},[94,102320,1937],{"class":152},[94,102322,316],{"class":108},[94,102324,102325,102327,102329,102331],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,102326,326],{"class":145},[94,102328,149],{"class":108},[94,102330,434],{"class":152},[94,102332,316],{"class":108},[24,102334,371],{},[85,102336,102337],{"className":87,"code":100810,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,102338,102339],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,102340,102341,102343,102345,102347,102349],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,102342,9610],{"class":108},[94,102344,412],{"class":112},[94,102346,116],{"class":108},[94,102348,124],{"class":112},[94,102350,9641],{"class":108},[265,102352,102354],{"id":102353},"expecting-items-from-the-second-set-instead-of-the-first-set","Expecting items from the second set instead of the first set",[24,102356,102357,102360],{},[15,102358,102359],{},"a.difference(b)"," means:",[28,102362,102363,102368],{},[31,102364,102365,102366],{},"keep items from ",[15,102367,434],{},[31,102369,102370,102371],{},"remove anything also in ",[15,102372,1937],{},[24,102374,41236,102375,102377,102378,102380],{},[43,102376,45],{}," mean “show me what is unique in ",[15,102379,1937],{},"”.",[24,102382,2566],{},[85,102384,102386],{"className":87,"code":102385,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(b.difference(a))\n",[15,102387,102388,102408,102428,102432,102450],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,102389,102390,102392,102394,102396,102398,102400,102402,102404,102406],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,102391,635],{"class":100},[94,102393,105],{"class":104},[94,102395,10823],{"class":108},[94,102397,412],{"class":112},[94,102399,116],{"class":108},[94,102401,124],{"class":112},[94,102403,116],{"class":108},[94,102405,421],{"class":112},[94,102407,9641],{"class":108},[94,102409,102410,102412,102414,102416,102418,102420,102422,102424,102426],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,102411,2937],{"class":100},[94,102413,105],{"class":104},[94,102415,10823],{"class":108},[94,102417,113],{"class":112},[94,102419,116],{"class":108},[94,102421,624],{"class":112},[94,102423,116],{"class":108},[94,102425,772],{"class":112},[94,102427,9641],{"class":108},[94,102429,102430],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,102431,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,102433,102434,102436,102438,102440,102442,102444,102446,102448],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,102435,326],{"class":145},[94,102437,149],{"class":108},[94,102439,434],{"class":152},[94,102441,168],{"class":108},[94,102443,3167],{"class":152},[94,102445,149],{"class":108},[94,102447,1937],{"class":152},[94,102449,921],{"class":108},[94,102451,102452,102454,102456,102458,102460,102462,102464,102466],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,102453,326],{"class":145},[94,102455,149],{"class":108},[94,102457,1937],{"class":152},[94,102459,168],{"class":108},[94,102461,3167],{"class":152},[94,102463,149],{"class":108},[94,102465,434],{"class":152},[94,102467,921],{"class":108},[24,102469,371],{},[85,102471,102473],{"className":87,"code":102472,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"{1, 2}\n{4, 5}\n",[15,102474,102475,102487],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,102476,102477,102479,102481,102483,102485],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,102478,9610],{"class":108},[94,102480,412],{"class":112},[94,102482,116],{"class":108},[94,102484,124],{"class":112},[94,102486,9641],{"class":108},[94,102488,102489,102491,102493,102495,102497],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,102490,9610],{"class":108},[94,102492,857],{"class":112},[94,102494,116],{"class":108},[94,102496,772],{"class":112},[94,102498,9641],{"class":108},[24,102500,102501],{},"The order of the sets matters.",[265,102503,102505],{"id":102504},"comparing-lists-instead-of-sets","Comparing lists instead of sets",[24,102507,102508,102510],{},[15,102509,100717],{}," is a set method, not a list method.",[24,102512,55646],{},[85,102514,102516],{"className":87,"code":102515,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\n# a.difference(b)\n",[15,102517,102518,102538,102554,102558],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,102519,102520,102522,102524,102526,102528,102530,102532,102534,102536],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,102521,635],{"class":100},[94,102523,105],{"class":104},[94,102525,109],{"class":108},[94,102527,412],{"class":112},[94,102529,116],{"class":108},[94,102531,124],{"class":112},[94,102533,116],{"class":108},[94,102535,421],{"class":112},[94,102537,127],{"class":108},[94,102539,102540,102542,102544,102546,102548,102550,102552],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,102541,2937],{"class":100},[94,102543,105],{"class":104},[94,102545,109],{"class":108},[94,102547,113],{"class":112},[94,102549,116],{"class":108},[94,102551,624],{"class":112},[94,102553,127],{"class":108},[94,102555,102556],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,102557,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,102559,102560],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,102561,102562],{"class":159},"# a.difference(b)\n",[24,102564,102565],{},"Convert lists to sets first:",[85,102567,102569],{"className":87,"code":102568,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\nresult = set(a).difference(set(b))\nprint(result)\n",[15,102570,102571,102591,102607,102611,102637],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,102572,102573,102575,102577,102579,102581,102583,102585,102587,102589],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,102574,635],{"class":100},[94,102576,105],{"class":104},[94,102578,109],{"class":108},[94,102580,412],{"class":112},[94,102582,116],{"class":108},[94,102584,124],{"class":112},[94,102586,116],{"class":108},[94,102588,421],{"class":112},[94,102590,127],{"class":108},[94,102592,102593,102595,102597,102599,102601,102603,102605],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,102594,2937],{"class":100},[94,102596,105],{"class":104},[94,102598,109],{"class":108},[94,102600,113],{"class":112},[94,102602,116],{"class":108},[94,102604,624],{"class":112},[94,102606,127],{"class":108},[94,102608,102609],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,102610,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,102612,102613,102615,102617,102619,102621,102623,102625,102627,102629,102631,102633,102635],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,102614,305],{"class":100},[94,102616,105],{"class":104},[94,102618,15961],{"class":913},[94,102620,149],{"class":108},[94,102622,434],{"class":152},[94,102624,8965],{"class":108},[94,102626,3167],{"class":152},[94,102628,149],{"class":108},[94,102630,6619],{"class":913},[94,102632,149],{"class":108},[94,102634,1937],{"class":152},[94,102636,921],{"class":108},[94,102638,102639,102641,102643,102645],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,102640,326],{"class":145},[94,102642,149],{"class":108},[94,102644,902],{"class":152},[94,102646,316],{"class":108},[24,102648,371],{},[85,102650,102651],{"className":87,"code":100810,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,102652,102653],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,102654,102655,102657,102659,102661,102663],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,102656,9610],{"class":108},[94,102658,412],{"class":112},[94,102660,116],{"class":108},[94,102662,124],{"class":112},[94,102664,9641],{"class":108},[265,102666,102668],{"id":102667},"thinking-the-output-order-will-match-the-input-order","Thinking the output order will match the input order",[24,102670,102671],{},"Sets are unordered, so printed output may appear in a different order.",[85,102673,102675],{"className":87,"code":102674,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"a = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\"}\nb = {\"dog\"}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,102676,102677,102709,102725,102729],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,102678,102679,102681,102683,102685,102687,102689,102691,102693,102695,102697,102699,102701,102703,102705,102707],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,102680,635],{"class":100},[94,102682,105],{"class":104},[94,102684,10823],{"class":108},[94,102686,332],{"class":331},[94,102688,37376],{"class":335},[94,102690,332],{"class":331},[94,102692,116],{"class":108},[94,102694,1040],{"class":331},[94,102696,58451],{"class":335},[94,102698,332],{"class":331},[94,102700,116],{"class":108},[94,102702,1040],{"class":331},[94,102704,58468],{"class":335},[94,102706,332],{"class":331},[94,102708,9641],{"class":108},[94,102710,102711,102713,102715,102717,102719,102721,102723],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,102712,2937],{"class":100},[94,102714,105],{"class":104},[94,102716,10823],{"class":108},[94,102718,332],{"class":331},[94,102720,58451],{"class":335},[94,102722,332],{"class":331},[94,102724,9641],{"class":108},[94,102726,102727],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,102728,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,102730,102731,102733,102735,102737,102739,102741,102743,102745],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,102732,326],{"class":145},[94,102734,149],{"class":108},[94,102736,434],{"class":152},[94,102738,168],{"class":108},[94,102740,3167],{"class":152},[94,102742,149],{"class":108},[94,102744,1937],{"class":152},[94,102746,921],{"class":108},[24,102748,102749],{},"You should focus on which values are present, not their position.",[265,102751,102753],{"id":102752},"trying-to-use-duplicate-values-in-a-set-example","Trying to use duplicate values in a set example",[24,102755,102756],{},"Sets automatically remove duplicates.",[85,102758,102760],{"className":87,"code":102759,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"a = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,102761,102762,102790,102802,102806,102816],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,102763,102764,102766,102768,102770,102772,102774,102776,102778,102780,102782,102784,102786,102788],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,102765,635],{"class":100},[94,102767,105],{"class":104},[94,102769,10823],{"class":108},[94,102771,412],{"class":112},[94,102773,116],{"class":108},[94,102775,119],{"class":112},[94,102777,116],{"class":108},[94,102779,124],{"class":112},[94,102781,116],{"class":108},[94,102783,124],{"class":112},[94,102785,116],{"class":108},[94,102787,421],{"class":112},[94,102789,9641],{"class":108},[94,102791,102792,102794,102796,102798,102800],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,102793,2937],{"class":100},[94,102795,105],{"class":104},[94,102797,10823],{"class":108},[94,102799,113],{"class":112},[94,102801,9641],{"class":108},[94,102803,102804],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,102805,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,102807,102808,102810,102812,102814],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,102809,326],{"class":145},[94,102811,149],{"class":108},[94,102813,434],{"class":152},[94,102815,316],{"class":108},[94,102817,102818,102820,102822,102824,102826,102828,102830,102832],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,102819,326],{"class":145},[94,102821,149],{"class":108},[94,102823,434],{"class":152},[94,102825,168],{"class":108},[94,102827,3167],{"class":152},[94,102829,149],{"class":108},[94,102831,1937],{"class":152},[94,102833,921],{"class":108},[24,102835,371],{},[85,102837,102839],{"className":87,"code":102838,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"{1, 2, 3}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,102840,102841,102857],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,102842,102843,102845,102847,102849,102851,102853,102855],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,102844,9610],{"class":108},[94,102846,412],{"class":112},[94,102848,116],{"class":108},[94,102850,124],{"class":112},[94,102852,116],{"class":108},[94,102854,421],{"class":112},[94,102856,9641],{"class":108},[94,102858,102859,102861,102863,102865,102867],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,102860,9610],{"class":108},[94,102862,412],{"class":112},[94,102864,116],{"class":108},[94,102866,124],{"class":112},[94,102868,9641],{"class":108},[24,102870,102871,102872,102874],{},"The duplicates are already gone before ",[15,102873,100717],{}," runs.",[265,102876,102878],{"id":102877},"quick-debugging-checks","Quick debugging checks",[24,102880,102881],{},"If your result is not what you expect, print the values you are working with:",[85,102883,102885],{"className":87,"code":102884,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(type(a.difference(b)))\nprint(len(a.difference(b)))\n",[15,102886,102887,102911,102931,102935,102945,102955,102973,102995],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,102888,102889,102891,102893,102895,102897,102899,102901,102903,102905,102907,102909],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,102890,635],{"class":100},[94,102892,105],{"class":104},[94,102894,10823],{"class":108},[94,102896,412],{"class":112},[94,102898,116],{"class":108},[94,102900,124],{"class":112},[94,102902,116],{"class":108},[94,102904,421],{"class":112},[94,102906,116],{"class":108},[94,102908,624],{"class":112},[94,102910,9641],{"class":108},[94,102912,102913,102915,102917,102919,102921,102923,102925,102927,102929],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,102914,2937],{"class":100},[94,102916,105],{"class":104},[94,102918,10823],{"class":108},[94,102920,113],{"class":112},[94,102922,116],{"class":108},[94,102924,624],{"class":112},[94,102926,116],{"class":108},[94,102928,772],{"class":112},[94,102930,9641],{"class":108},[94,102932,102933],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,102934,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,102936,102937,102939,102941,102943],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,102938,326],{"class":145},[94,102940,149],{"class":108},[94,102942,434],{"class":152},[94,102944,316],{"class":108},[94,102946,102947,102949,102951,102953],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,102948,326],{"class":145},[94,102950,149],{"class":108},[94,102952,1937],{"class":152},[94,102954,316],{"class":108},[94,102956,102957,102959,102961,102963,102965,102967,102969,102971],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,102958,326],{"class":145},[94,102960,149],{"class":108},[94,102962,434],{"class":152},[94,102964,168],{"class":108},[94,102966,3167],{"class":152},[94,102968,149],{"class":108},[94,102970,1937],{"class":152},[94,102972,921],{"class":108},[94,102974,102975,102977,102979,102981,102983,102985,102987,102989,102991,102993],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,102976,326],{"class":145},[94,102978,149],{"class":108},[94,102980,914],{"class":913},[94,102982,149],{"class":108},[94,102984,434],{"class":152},[94,102986,168],{"class":108},[94,102988,3167],{"class":152},[94,102990,149],{"class":108},[94,102992,1937],{"class":152},[94,102994,3268],{"class":108},[94,102996,102997,102999,103001,103003,103005,103007,103009,103011,103013,103015],{"class":96,"line":702},[94,102998,326],{"class":145},[94,103000,149],{"class":108},[94,103002,11490],{"class":145},[94,103004,149],{"class":108},[94,103006,434],{"class":152},[94,103008,168],{"class":108},[94,103010,3167],{"class":152},[94,103012,149],{"class":108},[94,103014,1937],{"class":152},[94,103016,3268],{"class":108},[24,103018,11499],{},[28,103020,103021,103024,103027,103030],{},[31,103022,103023],{},"what is in each set",[31,103025,103026],{},"what result Python creates",[31,103028,103029],{},"that the result is a set",[31,103031,103032],{},"how many items remain",[45248,103034],{},[80,103036,2160],{"id":2159},[265,103038,13029,103040,103042],{"id":103039},"does-difference-change-the-original-set",[15,103041,100717],{}," change the original set?",[24,103044,103045],{},"No. It returns a new set and leaves the original set unchanged.",[265,103047,5514,103049,1139,103051,2170],{"id":103048},"what-is-the-difference-between-difference-and-difference_update",[15,103050,100717],{},[15,103052,101628],{},[24,103054,103055,103057,103058,103060],{},[15,103056,100717],{}," returns a new set. ",[15,103059,101628],{}," modifies the original set.",[265,103062,2201,103064,103066],{"id":103063},"can-i-use-difference-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,103065,100717],{}," with more than two sets?",[24,103068,103069],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets, and Python removes items found in any of them.",[265,103071,103073],{"id":103072},"why-is-my-output-in-a-different-order","Why is my output in a different order?",[24,103075,103076],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so item order is not guaranteed.",[45248,103078],{},[80,103080,2232],{"id":2231},[28,103082,103083,103087,103095],{},[31,103084,103085],{},[434,103086,96631],{"href":97802},[31,103088,103089],{},[434,103090,97117,103092,567],{"href":103091},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method\u002F",[15,103093,103094],{},"intersection()",[31,103096,103097],{},[434,103098,97117,103100,567],{"href":103099},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method\u002F",[15,103101,103102],{},"union()",[2260,103104,103105],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":90,"searchDepth":130,"depth":130,"links":103107},[103108,103109,103111,103112,103113,103114,103116,103121,103123,103131,103140],{"id":82,"depth":130,"text":83},{"id":100839,"depth":130,"text":103110},"What difference() does",{"id":2513,"depth":130,"text":2514},{"id":17747,"depth":130,"text":17748},{"id":11804,"depth":130,"text":11805},{"id":101458,"depth":130,"text":103115},"Using difference() with multiple sets",{"id":101623,"depth":130,"text":103117,"children":103118},"difference() vs difference_update()",[103119,103120],{"id":3167,"depth":137,"text":100717},{"id":101776,"depth":137,"text":101628},{"id":101895,"depth":130,"text":103122},"difference() vs the - operator",{"id":4861,"depth":130,"text":4862,"children":103124},[103125,103126,103127,103128,103129,103130],{"id":102165,"depth":137,"text":102166},{"id":102353,"depth":137,"text":102354},{"id":102504,"depth":137,"text":102505},{"id":102667,"depth":137,"text":102668},{"id":102752,"depth":137,"text":102753},{"id":102877,"depth":137,"text":102878},{"id":2159,"depth":130,"text":2160,"children":103132},[103133,103135,103137,103139],{"id":103039,"depth":137,"text":103134},"Does difference() change the original set?",{"id":103048,"depth":137,"text":103136},"What is the difference between difference() and difference_update()?",{"id":103063,"depth":137,"text":103138},"Can I use difference() with more than two sets?",{"id":103072,"depth":137,"text":103073},{"id":2231,"depth":130,"text":2232},"Master python set difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method",{"title":100709,"description":103141},"reference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method","bZVw-xPJFGLOKBsNwpxWWnc63jZlXAESku0dp0AiTQs",{"id":103148,"title":103149,"body":103150,"description":104845,"extension":2319,"meta":104846,"navigation":133,"path":104847,"seo":104848,"stem":104849,"__hash__":104850},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method.md","Python Set discard() Method",{"type":7,"value":103151,"toc":104807},[103152,103158,103164,103177,103179,103280,103282,103327,103332,103337,103341,103355,103358,103366,103368,103387,103405,103409,103462,103464,103485,103492,103497,103524,103531,103630,103632,103669,103677,103681,103687,103690,103763,103765,103773,103778,103847,103849,103874,103876,103879,103982,103984,104045,104048,104052,104058,104131,104133,104166,104169,104172,104212,104218,104241,104246,104250,104261,104264,104266,104270,104276,104278,104335,104345,104347,104400,104407,104412,104480,104488,104494,104498,104500,104539,104544,104593,104597,104600,104602,104641,104644,104646,104651,104708,104710,104724,104726,104730,104736,104741,104746,104753,104764,104770,104775,104777,104804],[10,103153,96503,103155,11651],{"id":103154},"python-set-discard-method",[15,103156,103157],{},"discard()",[24,103159,103160,103163],{},[15,103161,103162],{},"set.discard()"," removes one item from a set.",[24,103165,103166,103167,2547,103172,14381,103174,103176],{},"Use it when you want to remove a value safely, even if that value might not be in the set. Unlike ",[434,103168,103169],{"href":98512},[15,103170,103171],{},"set.remove()",[15,103173,103157],{},[43,103175,45],{}," raise an error for a missing item.",[80,103178,2361],{"id":2360},[85,103180,103182],{"className":87,"code":103181,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n\ncolors.discard(\"yellow\")  # no error if missing\nprint(colors)\n",[15,103183,103184,103216,103235,103245,103249,103270],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,103185,103186,103188,103190,103192,103194,103196,103198,103200,103202,103204,103206,103208,103210,103212,103214],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,103187,13402],{"class":100},[94,103189,105],{"class":104},[94,103191,10823],{"class":108},[94,103193,332],{"class":331},[94,103195,13419],{"class":335},[94,103197,332],{"class":331},[94,103199,116],{"class":108},[94,103201,1040],{"class":331},[94,103203,13436],{"class":335},[94,103205,332],{"class":331},[94,103207,116],{"class":108},[94,103209,1040],{"class":331},[94,103211,17785],{"class":335},[94,103213,332],{"class":331},[94,103215,9641],{"class":108},[94,103217,103218,103220,103222,103225,103227,103229,103231,103233],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,103219,17832],{"class":100},[94,103221,168],{"class":108},[94,103223,103224],{"class":152},"discard",[94,103226,149],{"class":108},[94,103228,332],{"class":331},[94,103230,13436],{"class":335},[94,103232,332],{"class":331},[94,103234,316],{"class":108},[94,103236,103237,103239,103241,103243],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,103238,326],{"class":145},[94,103240,149],{"class":108},[94,103242,17832],{"class":152},[94,103244,316],{"class":108},[94,103246,103247],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,103248,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,103250,103251,103253,103255,103257,103259,103261,103263,103265,103267],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,103252,17832],{"class":100},[94,103254,168],{"class":108},[94,103256,103224],{"class":152},[94,103258,149],{"class":108},[94,103260,332],{"class":331},[94,103262,22855],{"class":335},[94,103264,332],{"class":331},[94,103266,156],{"class":108},[94,103268,103269],{"class":159},"  # no error if missing\n",[94,103271,103272,103274,103276,103278],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,103273,326],{"class":145},[94,103275,149],{"class":108},[94,103277,17832],{"class":152},[94,103279,316],{"class":108},[24,103281,30360],{},[85,103283,103285],{"className":87,"code":103284,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"{'red', 'green'}\n{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,103286,103287,103307],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,103288,103289,103291,103293,103295,103297,103299,103301,103303,103305],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,103290,9610],{"class":108},[94,103292,968],{"class":331},[94,103294,13419],{"class":335},[94,103296,968],{"class":331},[94,103298,116],{"class":108},[94,103300,962],{"class":331},[94,103302,17785],{"class":335},[94,103304,968],{"class":331},[94,103306,9641],{"class":108},[94,103308,103309,103311,103313,103315,103317,103319,103321,103323,103325],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,103310,9610],{"class":108},[94,103312,968],{"class":331},[94,103314,13419],{"class":335},[94,103316,968],{"class":331},[94,103318,116],{"class":108},[94,103320,962],{"class":331},[94,103322,17785],{"class":335},[94,103324,968],{"class":331},[94,103326,9641],{"class":108},[24,103328,54,103329,103331],{},[15,103330,103157],{}," when you want to remove a value from a set safely, even if that value may not exist.",[80,103333,215,103335,218],{"id":103334},"what-setdiscard-does",[15,103336,103162],{},[24,103338,103339,384],{},[15,103340,103157],{},[28,103342,103343,103346,103349,103351],{},[31,103344,103345],{},"Removes one item from a set",[31,103347,103348],{},"Does nothing if the item is not in the set",[31,103350,96618],{},[31,103352,11753,103353],{},[15,103354,77],{},[24,103356,103357],{},"This means the set itself is updated. Python does not create a new set.",[24,103359,96627,103360,2167,103363,168],{},[434,103361,103362],{"href":99094},"what a set is in Python",[434,103364,103365],{"href":98186},"how to create a set",[80,103367,2514],{"id":2513},[85,103369,103371],{"className":87,"code":103370,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"my_set.discard(value)\n",[15,103372,103373],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,103374,103375,103377,103379,103381,103383,103385],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,103376,15994],{"class":100},[94,103378,168],{"class":108},[94,103380,103224],{"class":152},[94,103382,149],{"class":108},[94,103384,2829],{"class":152},[94,103386,316],{"class":108},[28,103388,103389,103394,103399,103402],{},[31,103390,103391,103393],{},[15,103392,15994],{}," is the set you want to change",[31,103395,103396,103398],{},[15,103397,2829],{}," is the item you want to remove",[31,103400,103401],{},"The set must already exist",[31,103403,103404],{},"The value must be a valid set element type",[265,103406,103408],{"id":103407},"example","Example",[85,103410,103412],{"className":87,"code":103411,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nnumbers.discard(3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,103413,103414,103438,103452],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,103415,103416,103418,103420,103422,103424,103426,103428,103430,103432,103434,103436],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,103417,101],{"class":100},[94,103419,105],{"class":104},[94,103421,10823],{"class":108},[94,103423,412],{"class":112},[94,103425,116],{"class":108},[94,103427,124],{"class":112},[94,103429,116],{"class":108},[94,103431,421],{"class":112},[94,103433,116],{"class":108},[94,103435,624],{"class":112},[94,103437,9641],{"class":108},[94,103439,103440,103442,103444,103446,103448,103450],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,103441,153],{"class":100},[94,103443,168],{"class":108},[94,103445,103224],{"class":152},[94,103447,149],{"class":108},[94,103449,113],{"class":112},[94,103451,316],{"class":108},[94,103453,103454,103456,103458,103460],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,103455,326],{"class":145},[94,103457,149],{"class":108},[94,103459,153],{"class":152},[94,103461,316],{"class":108},[24,103463,371],{},[85,103465,103467],{"className":87,"code":103466,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"{1, 2, 4}\n",[15,103468,103469],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,103470,103471,103473,103475,103477,103479,103481,103483],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,103472,9610],{"class":108},[94,103474,412],{"class":112},[94,103476,116],{"class":108},[94,103478,124],{"class":112},[94,103480,116],{"class":108},[94,103482,624],{"class":112},[94,103484,9641],{"class":108},[80,103486,103488,103489,103491],{"id":103487},"what-makes-discard-different","What makes ",[15,103490,103157],{}," different",[24,103493,103494,103496],{},[15,103495,103157],{}," is similar to other set methods, but it behaves differently in an important way.",[28,103498,103499,103512,103521],{},[31,103500,103501,103502,2547,103506,103508,103509,103511],{},"Unlike ",[434,103503,103504],{"href":98512},[15,103505,55856],{},[15,103507,103157],{}," does not raise ",[15,103510,20018],{}," when the item is missing",[31,103513,103501,103514,2547,103518,103520],{},[434,103515,103516],{"href":98517},[15,103517,13088],{},[15,103519,103157],{}," removes a specific item",[31,103522,103523],{},"It is useful when you are not sure whether the item exists",[265,103525,103527,18,103529],{"id":103526},"discard-vs-remove",[15,103528,103157],{},[15,103530,55856],{},[85,103532,103534],{"className":87,"code":103533,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\"}\n\nitems.discard(\"orange\")   # no error\nprint(items)\n\nitems.remove(\"banana\")    # removes existing item\nprint(items)\n",[15,103535,103536,103560,103564,103585,103595,103599,103620],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,103537,103538,103540,103542,103544,103546,103548,103550,103552,103554,103556,103558],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,103539,8113],{"class":100},[94,103541,105],{"class":104},[94,103543,10823],{"class":108},[94,103545,332],{"class":331},[94,103547,1332],{"class":335},[94,103549,332],{"class":331},[94,103551,116],{"class":108},[94,103553,1040],{"class":331},[94,103555,4432],{"class":335},[94,103557,332],{"class":331},[94,103559,9641],{"class":108},[94,103561,103562],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,103563,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,103565,103566,103568,103570,103572,103574,103576,103578,103580,103582],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,103567,8144],{"class":100},[94,103569,168],{"class":108},[94,103571,103224],{"class":152},[94,103573,149],{"class":108},[94,103575,332],{"class":331},[94,103577,33552],{"class":335},[94,103579,332],{"class":331},[94,103581,156],{"class":108},[94,103583,103584],{"class":159},"   # no error\n",[94,103586,103587,103589,103591,103593],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,103588,326],{"class":145},[94,103590,149],{"class":108},[94,103592,8144],{"class":152},[94,103594,316],{"class":108},[94,103596,103597],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,103598,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,103600,103601,103603,103605,103607,103609,103611,103613,103615,103617],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,103602,8144],{"class":100},[94,103604,168],{"class":108},[94,103606,35124],{"class":152},[94,103608,149],{"class":108},[94,103610,332],{"class":331},[94,103612,4432],{"class":335},[94,103614,332],{"class":331},[94,103616,156],{"class":108},[94,103618,103619],{"class":159},"    # removes existing item\n",[94,103621,103622,103624,103626,103628],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,103623,326],{"class":145},[94,103625,149],{"class":108},[94,103627,8144],{"class":152},[94,103629,316],{"class":108},[24,103631,371],{},[85,103633,103635],{"className":87,"code":103634,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"{'apple', 'banana'}\n{'apple'}\n",[15,103636,103637,103657],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,103638,103639,103641,103643,103645,103647,103649,103651,103653,103655],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,103640,9610],{"class":108},[94,103642,968],{"class":331},[94,103644,1332],{"class":335},[94,103646,968],{"class":331},[94,103648,116],{"class":108},[94,103650,962],{"class":331},[94,103652,4432],{"class":335},[94,103654,968],{"class":331},[94,103656,9641],{"class":108},[94,103658,103659,103661,103663,103665,103667],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,103660,9610],{"class":108},[94,103662,968],{"class":331},[94,103664,1332],{"class":335},[94,103666,968],{"class":331},[94,103668,9641],{"class":108},[24,103670,40673,103671,103673,103674,103676],{},[15,103672,55856],{}," with a missing value, Python raises an error. See ",[434,103675,11403],{"href":11402}," for more help with that case.",[80,103678,103680],{"id":103679},"what-the-method-returns","What the method returns",[24,103682,103683,74,103685,168],{},[15,103684,103157],{},[15,103686,77],{},[24,103688,103689],{},"That means you should not write code like this:",[85,103691,103693],{"className":87,"code":103692,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nresult = colors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,103694,103695,103727,103749,103753],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,103696,103697,103699,103701,103703,103705,103707,103709,103711,103713,103715,103717,103719,103721,103723,103725],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,103698,13402],{"class":100},[94,103700,105],{"class":104},[94,103702,10823],{"class":108},[94,103704,332],{"class":331},[94,103706,13419],{"class":335},[94,103708,332],{"class":331},[94,103710,116],{"class":108},[94,103712,1040],{"class":331},[94,103714,13436],{"class":335},[94,103716,332],{"class":331},[94,103718,116],{"class":108},[94,103720,1040],{"class":331},[94,103722,17785],{"class":335},[94,103724,332],{"class":331},[94,103726,9641],{"class":108},[94,103728,103729,103731,103733,103735,103737,103739,103741,103743,103745,103747],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,103730,305],{"class":100},[94,103732,105],{"class":104},[94,103734,13450],{"class":100},[94,103736,168],{"class":108},[94,103738,103224],{"class":152},[94,103740,149],{"class":108},[94,103742,332],{"class":331},[94,103744,13436],{"class":335},[94,103746,332],{"class":331},[94,103748,316],{"class":108},[94,103750,103751],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,103752,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,103754,103755,103757,103759,103761],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,103756,326],{"class":145},[94,103758,149],{"class":108},[94,103760,902],{"class":152},[94,103762,316],{"class":108},[24,103764,371],{},[85,103766,103767],{"className":87,"code":1593,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,103768,103769],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,103770,103771],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,103772,1593],{"class":1224},[24,103774,103775,103776,384],{},"The changed set is still stored in ",[15,103777,17832],{},[85,103779,103781],{"className":87,"code":103780,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,103782,103783,103815,103833,103837],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,103784,103785,103787,103789,103791,103793,103795,103797,103799,103801,103803,103805,103807,103809,103811,103813],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,103786,13402],{"class":100},[94,103788,105],{"class":104},[94,103790,10823],{"class":108},[94,103792,332],{"class":331},[94,103794,13419],{"class":335},[94,103796,332],{"class":331},[94,103798,116],{"class":108},[94,103800,1040],{"class":331},[94,103802,13436],{"class":335},[94,103804,332],{"class":331},[94,103806,116],{"class":108},[94,103808,1040],{"class":331},[94,103810,17785],{"class":335},[94,103812,332],{"class":331},[94,103814,9641],{"class":108},[94,103816,103817,103819,103821,103823,103825,103827,103829,103831],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,103818,17832],{"class":100},[94,103820,168],{"class":108},[94,103822,103224],{"class":152},[94,103824,149],{"class":108},[94,103826,332],{"class":331},[94,103828,13436],{"class":335},[94,103830,332],{"class":331},[94,103832,316],{"class":108},[94,103834,103835],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,103836,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,103838,103839,103841,103843,103845],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,103840,326],{"class":145},[94,103842,149],{"class":108},[94,103844,17832],{"class":152},[94,103846,316],{"class":108},[24,103848,371],{},[85,103850,103852],{"className":87,"code":103851,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,103853,103854],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,103855,103856,103858,103860,103862,103864,103866,103868,103870,103872],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,103857,9610],{"class":108},[94,103859,968],{"class":331},[94,103861,13419],{"class":335},[94,103863,968],{"class":331},[94,103865,116],{"class":108},[94,103867,962],{"class":331},[94,103869,17785],{"class":335},[94,103871,968],{"class":331},[94,103873,9641],{"class":108},[80,103875,11805],{"id":11804},[24,103877,103878],{},"Here is a basic example that removes an existing item.",[85,103880,103882],{"className":87,"code":103881,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", fruits)\n\nfruits.discard(\"banana\")\n\nprint(\"After:\", fruits)\n",[15,103883,103884,103916,103920,103938,103942,103960,103964],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,103885,103886,103888,103890,103892,103894,103896,103898,103900,103902,103904,103906,103908,103910,103912,103914],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,103887,36567],{"class":100},[94,103889,105],{"class":104},[94,103891,10823],{"class":108},[94,103893,332],{"class":331},[94,103895,1332],{"class":335},[94,103897,332],{"class":331},[94,103899,116],{"class":108},[94,103901,1040],{"class":331},[94,103903,4432],{"class":335},[94,103905,332],{"class":331},[94,103907,116],{"class":108},[94,103909,1040],{"class":331},[94,103911,33552],{"class":335},[94,103913,332],{"class":331},[94,103915,9641],{"class":108},[94,103917,103918],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,103919,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,103921,103922,103924,103926,103928,103930,103932,103934,103936],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,103923,326],{"class":145},[94,103925,149],{"class":108},[94,103927,332],{"class":331},[94,103929,11894],{"class":335},[94,103931,332],{"class":331},[94,103933,116],{"class":108},[94,103935,53180],{"class":152},[94,103937,316],{"class":108},[94,103939,103940],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,103941,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,103943,103944,103946,103948,103950,103952,103954,103956,103958],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,103945,36619],{"class":100},[94,103947,168],{"class":108},[94,103949,103224],{"class":152},[94,103951,149],{"class":108},[94,103953,332],{"class":331},[94,103955,4432],{"class":335},[94,103957,332],{"class":331},[94,103959,316],{"class":108},[94,103961,103962],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,103963,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,103965,103966,103968,103970,103972,103974,103976,103978,103980],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,103967,326],{"class":145},[94,103969,149],{"class":108},[94,103971,332],{"class":331},[94,103973,11934],{"class":335},[94,103975,332],{"class":331},[94,103977,116],{"class":108},[94,103979,53180],{"class":152},[94,103981,316],{"class":108},[24,103983,371],{},[85,103985,103987],{"className":87,"code":103986,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"Before: {'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\nAfter: {'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,103988,103989,104021],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,103990,103991,103993,103995,103997,103999,104001,104003,104005,104007,104009,104011,104013,104015,104017,104019],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,103992,11954],{"class":100},[94,103994,384],{"class":108},[94,103996,10823],{"class":108},[94,103998,968],{"class":331},[94,104000,4432],{"class":335},[94,104002,968],{"class":331},[94,104004,116],{"class":108},[94,104006,962],{"class":331},[94,104008,1332],{"class":335},[94,104010,968],{"class":331},[94,104012,116],{"class":108},[94,104014,962],{"class":331},[94,104016,33552],{"class":335},[94,104018,968],{"class":331},[94,104020,9641],{"class":108},[94,104022,104023,104025,104027,104029,104031,104033,104035,104037,104039,104041,104043],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,104024,12007],{"class":100},[94,104026,384],{"class":108},[94,104028,10823],{"class":108},[94,104030,968],{"class":331},[94,104032,1332],{"class":335},[94,104034,968],{"class":331},[94,104036,116],{"class":108},[94,104038,962],{"class":331},[94,104040,33552],{"class":335},[94,104042,968],{"class":331},[94,104044,9641],{"class":108},[24,104046,104047],{},"The order of items in a set may look different on your computer because sets are unordered.",[80,104049,104051],{"id":104050},"example-with-a-missing-item","Example with a missing item",[24,104053,104054,104055,104057],{},"One of the most useful features of ",[15,104056,103157],{}," is that it does not fail if the item is missing.",[85,104059,104061],{"className":87,"code":104060,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.discard(\"grape\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,104062,104063,104095,104099,104117,104121],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,104064,104065,104067,104069,104071,104073,104075,104077,104079,104081,104083,104085,104087,104089,104091,104093],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,104066,36567],{"class":100},[94,104068,105],{"class":104},[94,104070,10823],{"class":108},[94,104072,332],{"class":331},[94,104074,1332],{"class":335},[94,104076,332],{"class":331},[94,104078,116],{"class":108},[94,104080,1040],{"class":331},[94,104082,4432],{"class":335},[94,104084,332],{"class":331},[94,104086,116],{"class":108},[94,104088,1040],{"class":331},[94,104090,33552],{"class":335},[94,104092,332],{"class":331},[94,104094,9641],{"class":108},[94,104096,104097],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,104098,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,104100,104101,104103,104105,104107,104109,104111,104113,104115],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,104102,36619],{"class":100},[94,104104,168],{"class":108},[94,104106,103224],{"class":152},[94,104108,149],{"class":108},[94,104110,332],{"class":331},[94,104112,22864],{"class":335},[94,104114,332],{"class":331},[94,104116,316],{"class":108},[94,104118,104119],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,104120,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,104122,104123,104125,104127,104129],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,104124,326],{"class":145},[94,104126,149],{"class":108},[94,104128,36619],{"class":152},[94,104130,316],{"class":108},[24,104132,371],{},[85,104134,104136],{"className":87,"code":104135,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"{'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,104137,104138],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,104139,104140,104142,104144,104146,104148,104150,104152,104154,104156,104158,104160,104162,104164],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,104141,9610],{"class":108},[94,104143,968],{"class":331},[94,104145,4432],{"class":335},[94,104147,968],{"class":331},[94,104149,116],{"class":108},[94,104151,962],{"class":331},[94,104153,1332],{"class":335},[94,104155,968],{"class":331},[94,104157,116],{"class":108},[94,104159,962],{"class":331},[94,104161,33552],{"class":335},[94,104163,968],{"class":331},[94,104165,9641],{"class":108},[24,104167,104168],{},"No error happens here.",[24,104170,104171],{},"This is helpful in beginner code because you do not need to check first:",[85,104173,104175],{"className":87,"code":104174,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"if \"grape\" in fruits:\n    fruits.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,104176,104177,104193],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,104178,104179,104181,104183,104185,104187,104189,104191],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,104180,7330],{"class":4221},[94,104182,1040],{"class":331},[94,104184,22864],{"class":335},[94,104186,332],{"class":331},[94,104188,21505],{"class":104},[94,104190,53180],{"class":100},[94,104192,6726],{"class":108},[94,104194,104195,104198,104200,104202,104204,104206,104208,104210],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,104196,104197],{"class":100},"    fruits",[94,104199,168],{"class":108},[94,104201,35124],{"class":152},[94,104203,149],{"class":108},[94,104205,332],{"class":331},[94,104207,22864],{"class":335},[94,104209,332],{"class":331},[94,104211,316],{"class":108},[24,104213,104214,104215,104217],{},"With ",[15,104216,103157],{},", you can simply write:",[85,104219,104221],{"className":87,"code":104220,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"fruits.discard(\"grape\")\n",[15,104222,104223],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,104224,104225,104227,104229,104231,104233,104235,104237,104239],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,104226,36619],{"class":100},[94,104228,168],{"class":108},[94,104230,103224],{"class":152},[94,104232,149],{"class":108},[94,104234,332],{"class":331},[94,104236,22864],{"class":335},[94,104238,332],{"class":331},[94,104240,316],{"class":108},[80,104242,815,104244],{"id":104243},"when-to-use-discard",[15,104245,103157],{},[24,104247,54,104248,822],{},[15,104249,103157],{},[28,104251,104252,104255,104258],{},[31,104253,104254],{},"Missing values are normal",[31,104256,104257],{},"You want simple, safe removal",[31,104259,104260],{},"You do not want to write an existence check first",[24,104262,104263],{},"It is a good choice when your program does not care whether the value was already missing.",[80,104265,3186],{"id":3185},[24,104267,8780,104268,168],{},[15,104269,103157],{},[265,104271,8786,104273,104275],{"id":104272},"expecting-discard-to-return-the-changed-set",[15,104274,103157],{}," to return the changed set",[24,104277,4869],{},[85,104279,104281],{"className":87,"code":104280,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,104282,104283,104303,104321,104325],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,104284,104285,104287,104289,104291,104293,104295,104297,104299,104301],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,104286,101],{"class":100},[94,104288,105],{"class":104},[94,104290,10823],{"class":108},[94,104292,412],{"class":112},[94,104294,116],{"class":108},[94,104296,124],{"class":112},[94,104298,116],{"class":108},[94,104300,421],{"class":112},[94,104302,9641],{"class":108},[94,104304,104305,104307,104309,104311,104313,104315,104317,104319],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,104306,101],{"class":100},[94,104308,105],{"class":104},[94,104310,343],{"class":100},[94,104312,168],{"class":108},[94,104314,103224],{"class":152},[94,104316,149],{"class":108},[94,104318,763],{"class":112},[94,104320,316],{"class":108},[94,104322,104323],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,104324,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,104326,104327,104329,104331,104333],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,104328,326],{"class":145},[94,104330,149],{"class":108},[94,104332,153],{"class":152},[94,104334,316],{"class":108},[24,104336,104337,1631,104339,8935,104341,74,104343,168],{},[15,104338,153],{},[15,104340,77],{},[15,104342,103157],{},[15,104344,77],{},[24,104346,19171],{},[85,104348,104350],{"className":87,"code":104349,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,104351,104352,104372,104386,104390],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,104353,104354,104356,104358,104360,104362,104364,104366,104368,104370],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,104355,101],{"class":100},[94,104357,105],{"class":104},[94,104359,10823],{"class":108},[94,104361,412],{"class":112},[94,104363,116],{"class":108},[94,104365,124],{"class":112},[94,104367,116],{"class":108},[94,104369,421],{"class":112},[94,104371,9641],{"class":108},[94,104373,104374,104376,104378,104380,104382,104384],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,104375,153],{"class":100},[94,104377,168],{"class":108},[94,104379,103224],{"class":152},[94,104381,149],{"class":108},[94,104383,763],{"class":112},[94,104385,316],{"class":108},[94,104387,104388],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,104389,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,104391,104392,104394,104396,104398],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,104393,326],{"class":145},[94,104395,149],{"class":108},[94,104397,153],{"class":152},[94,104399,316],{"class":108},[265,104401,37533,104403,9037,104405],{"id":104402},"confusing-discard-with-remove",[15,104404,103157],{},[15,104406,55856],{},[24,104408,104409,104410,168],{},"If you want to avoid errors for missing values, use ",[15,104411,103157],{},[85,104413,104415],{"className":87,"code":104414,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"z\")   # safe\nprint(letters)\n",[15,104416,104417,104449,104470],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,104418,104419,104421,104423,104425,104427,104429,104431,104433,104435,104437,104439,104441,104443,104445,104447],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,104420,36418],{"class":100},[94,104422,105],{"class":104},[94,104424,10823],{"class":108},[94,104426,332],{"class":331},[94,104428,434],{"class":335},[94,104430,332],{"class":331},[94,104432,116],{"class":108},[94,104434,1040],{"class":331},[94,104436,1937],{"class":335},[94,104438,332],{"class":331},[94,104440,116],{"class":108},[94,104442,1040],{"class":331},[94,104444,1946],{"class":335},[94,104446,332],{"class":331},[94,104448,9641],{"class":108},[94,104450,104451,104453,104455,104457,104459,104461,104463,104465,104467],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,104452,36471],{"class":100},[94,104454,168],{"class":108},[94,104456,103224],{"class":152},[94,104458,149],{"class":108},[94,104460,332],{"class":331},[94,104462,22408],{"class":335},[94,104464,332],{"class":331},[94,104466,156],{"class":108},[94,104468,104469],{"class":159},"   # safe\n",[94,104471,104472,104474,104476,104478],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,104473,326],{"class":145},[94,104475,149],{"class":108},[94,104477,36471],{"class":152},[94,104479,316],{"class":108},[24,104481,104482,104483,46240,104486,168],{},"If you use ",[15,104484,104485],{},"remove(\"z\")",[15,104487,20018],{},[265,104489,25948,104491,104493],{"id":104490},"trying-to-use-discard-on-a-list-instead-of-a-set",[15,104492,103157],{}," on a list instead of a set",[24,104495,104496,102510],{},[15,104497,103157],{},[24,104499,16972],{},[85,104501,104503],{"className":87,"code":104502,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.discard(2)\n",[15,104504,104505,104525],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,104506,104507,104509,104511,104513,104515,104517,104519,104521,104523],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,104508,8113],{"class":100},[94,104510,105],{"class":104},[94,104512,109],{"class":108},[94,104514,412],{"class":112},[94,104516,116],{"class":108},[94,104518,124],{"class":112},[94,104520,116],{"class":108},[94,104522,421],{"class":112},[94,104524,127],{"class":108},[94,104526,104527,104529,104531,104533,104535,104537],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,104528,8144],{"class":100},[94,104530,168],{"class":108},[94,104532,103224],{"class":152},[94,104534,149],{"class":108},[94,104536,763],{"class":112},[94,104538,316],{"class":108},[24,104540,104541,104542,384],{},"Use a set if you need ",[15,104543,103157],{},[85,104545,104547],{"className":87,"code":104546,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.discard(2)\nprint(items)\n",[15,104548,104549,104569,104583],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,104550,104551,104553,104555,104557,104559,104561,104563,104565,104567],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,104552,8113],{"class":100},[94,104554,105],{"class":104},[94,104556,10823],{"class":108},[94,104558,412],{"class":112},[94,104560,116],{"class":108},[94,104562,124],{"class":112},[94,104564,116],{"class":108},[94,104566,421],{"class":112},[94,104568,9641],{"class":108},[94,104570,104571,104573,104575,104577,104579,104581],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,104572,8144],{"class":100},[94,104574,168],{"class":108},[94,104576,103224],{"class":152},[94,104578,149],{"class":108},[94,104580,763],{"class":112},[94,104582,316],{"class":108},[94,104584,104585,104587,104589,104591],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,104586,326],{"class":145},[94,104588,149],{"class":108},[94,104590,8144],{"class":152},[94,104592,316],{"class":108},[265,104594,104596],{"id":104595},"passing-an-unhashable-value-such-as-a-list","Passing an unhashable value such as a list",[24,104598,104599],{},"Set items must be hashable. A list is not hashable.",[24,104601,3193],{},[85,104603,104605],{"className":87,"code":104604,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"data = {1, 2, 3}\ndata.discard([2])\n",[15,104606,104607,104627],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,104608,104609,104611,104613,104615,104617,104619,104621,104623,104625],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,104610,9499],{"class":100},[94,104612,105],{"class":104},[94,104614,10823],{"class":108},[94,104616,412],{"class":112},[94,104618,116],{"class":108},[94,104620,124],{"class":112},[94,104622,116],{"class":108},[94,104624,421],{"class":112},[94,104626,9641],{"class":108},[94,104628,104629,104631,104633,104635,104637,104639],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,104630,9537],{"class":100},[94,104632,168],{"class":108},[94,104634,103224],{"class":152},[94,104636,3342],{"class":108},[94,104638,763],{"class":112},[94,104640,4234],{"class":108},[24,104642,104643],{},"Use a valid set element type instead, such as a number, string, or tuple.",[80,104645,9205],{"id":9204},[24,104647,9208,104648,104650],{},[15,104649,103157],{}," is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[85,104652,104654],{"className":87,"code":104653,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value in my_set)\nhelp(set.discard)\n",[15,104655,104656,104666,104680,104694],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,104657,104658,104660,104662,104664],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,104659,326],{"class":145},[94,104661,149],{"class":108},[94,104663,15994],{"class":152},[94,104665,316],{"class":108},[94,104667,104668,104670,104672,104674,104676,104678],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,104669,326],{"class":145},[94,104671,149],{"class":108},[94,104673,914],{"class":913},[94,104675,149],{"class":108},[94,104677,15994],{"class":152},[94,104679,921],{"class":108},[94,104681,104682,104684,104686,104688,104690,104692],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,104683,326],{"class":145},[94,104685,149],{"class":108},[94,104687,2804],{"class":152},[94,104689,4228],{"class":4221},[94,104691,97227],{"class":152},[94,104693,316],{"class":108},[94,104695,104696,104698,104700,104702,104704,104706],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,104697,2080],{"class":145},[94,104699,149],{"class":108},[94,104701,6619],{"class":913},[94,104703,168],{"class":108},[94,104705,103224],{"class":1377},[94,104707,316],{"class":108},[24,104709,11499],{},[28,104711,104712,104715,104718,104721],{},[31,104713,104714],{},"What is currently in the set",[31,104716,104717],{},"Whether the variable is really a set",[31,104719,104720],{},"Whether the value exists before removal",[31,104722,104723],{},"How Python documents the method",[80,104725,2160],{"id":2159},[265,104727,104729],{"id":104728},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-in-the-set","What happens if the item is not in the set?",[24,104731,104732,104733,104735],{},"Nothing happens. ",[15,104734,103157],{}," does not raise an error when the item is missing.",[265,104737,5479,104739,13041],{"id":104738},"what-does-setdiscard-return",[15,104740,103162],{},[24,104742,5485,104743,104745],{},[15,104744,77],{},". It changes the original set instead of creating a new one.",[265,104747,5514,104749,1139,104751,2170],{"id":104748},"what-is-the-difference-between-discard-and-remove",[15,104750,103157],{},[15,104752,55856],{},[24,104754,104755,104756,26869,104758,104760,104761,104763],{},"Both remove items from a set. ",[15,104757,55856],{},[15,104759,20018],{}," if the item is missing, but ",[15,104762,103157],{}," does not.",[265,104765,2201,104767,104769],{"id":104766},"can-i-use-discard-with-lists-or-dictionaries",[15,104768,103157],{}," with lists or dictionaries?",[24,104771,2207,104772,104774],{},[15,104773,103157],{}," is a set method, so it works on set objects.",[80,104776,2232],{"id":2231},[28,104778,104779,104785,104791,104796,104800],{},[31,104780,104781],{},[434,104782,97117,104783,567],{"href":98512},[15,104784,55856],{},[31,104786,104787],{},[434,104788,97117,104789,567],{"href":98517},[15,104790,13088],{},[31,104792,104793],{},[434,104794,104795],{"href":98186},"Python set: creating a set",[31,104797,104798],{},[434,104799,100652],{"href":99094},[31,104801,104802],{},[434,104803,11591],{"href":11402},[2260,104805,104806],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":90,"searchDepth":130,"depth":130,"links":104808},[104809,104810,104812,104815,104820,104821,104822,104823,104825,104834,104835,104844],{"id":2360,"depth":130,"text":2361},{"id":103334,"depth":130,"text":104811},"What set.discard() does",{"id":2513,"depth":130,"text":2514,"children":104813},[104814],{"id":103407,"depth":137,"text":103408},{"id":103487,"depth":130,"text":104816,"children":104817},"What makes discard() different",[104818],{"id":103526,"depth":137,"text":104819},"discard() vs remove()",{"id":103679,"depth":130,"text":103680},{"id":11804,"depth":130,"text":11805},{"id":104050,"depth":130,"text":104051},{"id":104243,"depth":130,"text":104824},"When to use discard()",{"id":3185,"depth":130,"text":3186,"children":104826},[104827,104829,104831,104833],{"id":104272,"depth":137,"text":104828},"Expecting discard() to return the changed set",{"id":104402,"depth":137,"text":104830},"Confusing discard() with remove()",{"id":104490,"depth":137,"text":104832},"Trying to use discard() on a list instead of a set",{"id":104595,"depth":137,"text":104596},{"id":9204,"depth":130,"text":9205},{"id":2159,"depth":130,"text":2160,"children":104836},[104837,104838,104840,104842],{"id":104728,"depth":137,"text":104729},{"id":104738,"depth":137,"text":104839},"What does set.discard() return?",{"id":104748,"depth":137,"text":104841},"What is the difference between discard() and remove()?",{"id":104766,"depth":137,"text":104843},"Can I use discard() with lists or dictionaries?",{"id":2231,"depth":130,"text":2232},"Master python set discard method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method",{"title":103149,"description":104845},"reference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method","-9zfcGzLEa24aaupYhVun2XniU742IAOkMaj9_B4X44",{"id":104852,"title":104853,"body":104854,"description":106860,"extension":2319,"meta":106861,"navigation":133,"path":106862,"seo":106863,"stem":106864,"__hash__":106865},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained.md","Python set() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":104855,"toc":106818},[104856,104859,104867,104872,104883,104885,104940,104944,104964,104969,104973,104978,104980,104994,104996,105071,105073,105106,105111,105116,105118,105120,105135,105138,105146,105151,105166,105168,105257,105259,105348,105354,105358,105360,105398,105400,105424,105427,105442,105444,105499,105501,105534,105536,105541,105545,105549,105554,105619,105621,105641,105647,105651,105708,105710,105731,105735,105740,105785,105787,105820,105823,105827,105860,105862,105891,105895,105899,105902,105904,105923,105925,105971,105976,105990,105992,106023,106028,106031,106075,106077,106105,106109,106113,106129,106132,106197,106199,106211,106214,106218,106221,106226,106254,106256,106274,106280,106319,106321,106339,106345,106374,106376,106394,106397,106414,106416,106421,106425,106428,106454,106461,106466,106481,106490,106494,106497,106528,106534,106537,106546,106549,106551,106553,106611,106614,106639,106641,106645,106648,106652,106660,106664,106667,106671,106674,106676,106699,106701,106742,106749,106757,106760,106791,106793,106815],[10,104857,104853],{"id":104858},"python-set-function-explained",[24,104860,9456,104861,104863,104864,168],{},[15,104862,4141],{}," function creates a set in Python. A set is a collection that stores ",[43,104865,104866],{},"unique values only",[24,104868,35733,104869,104871],{},[15,104870,4141],{}," to:",[28,104873,104874,104877,104880],{},[31,104875,104876],{},"remove duplicates from a list",[31,104878,104879],{},"check whether a value exists",[31,104881,104882],{},"work with set operations like union and intersection",[80,104884,2361],{"id":2360},[85,104886,104888],{"className":87,"code":104887,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nunique_numbers = set(numbers)\nprint(unique_numbers)\n",[15,104889,104890,104914,104929],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,104891,104892,104894,104896,104898,104900,104902,104904,104906,104908,104910,104912],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,104893,101],{"class":100},[94,104895,105],{"class":104},[94,104897,109],{"class":108},[94,104899,412],{"class":112},[94,104901,116],{"class":108},[94,104903,124],{"class":112},[94,104905,116],{"class":108},[94,104907,124],{"class":112},[94,104909,116],{"class":108},[94,104911,421],{"class":112},[94,104913,127],{"class":108},[94,104915,104916,104919,104921,104923,104925,104927],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,104917,104918],{"class":100},"unique_numbers ",[94,104920,105],{"class":104},[94,104922,15961],{"class":913},[94,104924,149],{"class":108},[94,104926,153],{"class":152},[94,104928,316],{"class":108},[94,104930,104931,104933,104935,104938],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,104932,326],{"class":145},[94,104934,149],{"class":108},[94,104936,104937],{"class":152},"unique_numbers",[94,104939,316],{"class":108},[24,104941,104942],{},[43,104943,371],{},[85,104945,104946],{"className":87,"code":96910,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,104947,104948],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,104949,104950,104952,104954,104956,104958,104960,104962],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,104951,9610],{"class":108},[94,104953,412],{"class":112},[94,104955,116],{"class":108},[94,104957,124],{"class":112},[94,104959,116],{"class":108},[94,104961,421],{"class":112},[94,104963,9641],{"class":108},[24,104965,54,104966,104968],{},[15,104967,4141],{}," to create a set from an iterable. A set keeps only unique values.",[80,104970,104972],{"id":104971},"what-set-does","What set() does",[24,104974,104975,104977],{},[15,104976,4141],{}," creates a new set object.",[24,104979,30871],{},[28,104981,104982,104985,104988,104991],{},[31,104983,104984],{},"A set stores unique items only",[31,104986,104987],{},"Duplicate values are removed automatically",[31,104989,104990],{},"Sets are unordered, so item order is not guaranteed",[31,104992,104993],{},"A very common use is removing duplicates from a list or another iterable",[24,104995,2566],{},[85,104997,104999],{"className":87,"code":104998,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\nunique_colors = set(colors)\n\nprint(unique_colors)\n",[15,105000,105001,105041,105056,105060],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,105002,105003,105005,105007,105009,105011,105013,105015,105017,105019,105021,105023,105025,105027,105029,105031,105033,105035,105037,105039],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,105004,13402],{"class":100},[94,105006,105],{"class":104},[94,105008,109],{"class":108},[94,105010,332],{"class":331},[94,105012,13419],{"class":335},[94,105014,332],{"class":331},[94,105016,116],{"class":108},[94,105018,1040],{"class":331},[94,105020,13436],{"class":335},[94,105022,332],{"class":331},[94,105024,116],{"class":108},[94,105026,1040],{"class":331},[94,105028,13419],{"class":335},[94,105030,332],{"class":331},[94,105032,116],{"class":108},[94,105034,1040],{"class":331},[94,105036,17785],{"class":335},[94,105038,332],{"class":331},[94,105040,127],{"class":108},[94,105042,105043,105046,105048,105050,105052,105054],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,105044,105045],{"class":100},"unique_colors ",[94,105047,105],{"class":104},[94,105049,15961],{"class":913},[94,105051,149],{"class":108},[94,105053,17832],{"class":152},[94,105055,316],{"class":108},[94,105057,105058],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,105059,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,105061,105062,105064,105066,105069],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,105063,326],{"class":145},[94,105065,149],{"class":108},[94,105067,105068],{"class":152},"unique_colors",[94,105070,316],{"class":108},[24,105072,30360],{},[85,105074,105076],{"className":87,"code":105075,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"{'blue', 'green', 'red'}\n",[15,105077,105078],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,105079,105080,105082,105084,105086,105088,105090,105092,105094,105096,105098,105100,105102,105104],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,105081,9610],{"class":108},[94,105083,968],{"class":331},[94,105085,13436],{"class":335},[94,105087,968],{"class":331},[94,105089,116],{"class":108},[94,105091,962],{"class":331},[94,105093,17785],{"class":335},[94,105095,968],{"class":331},[94,105097,116],{"class":108},[94,105099,962],{"class":331},[94,105101,13419],{"class":335},[94,105103,968],{"class":331},[94,105105,9641],{"class":108},[24,105107,974,105108,105110],{},[15,105109,65716],{}," appears only once.",[24,105112,105113,105114,168],{},"If you want a broader beginner introduction to sets, see ",[434,105115,96631],{"href":96630},[80,105117,2514],{"id":2513},[24,105119,2517],{},[85,105121,105123],{"className":87,"code":105122,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"set(iterable)\n",[15,105124,105125],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,105126,105127,105129,105131,105133],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,105128,6619],{"class":913},[94,105130,149],{"class":108},[94,105132,4065],{"class":152},[94,105134,316],{"class":108},[24,105136,105137],{},"The argument is optional.",[28,105139,105140,105143],{},[31,105141,105142],{},"If you pass an iterable, Python creates a set from its items",[31,105144,105145],{},"If you pass nothing, Python creates an empty set",[24,105147,105148,105149,384],{},"Common iterables you can use with ",[15,105150,4141],{},[28,105152,105153,105155,105157,105159,105163],{},[31,105154,965],{},[31,105156,49284],{},[31,105158,61499],{},[31,105160,105161],{},[15,105162,36526],{},[31,105164,105165],{},"another set",[24,105167,2482],{},[85,105169,105171],{"className":87,"code":105170,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(set([1, 2, 2, 3]))\nprint(set((10, 20, 10)))\nprint(set(\"hello\"))\nprint(set(range(4)))\n",[15,105172,105173,105199,105221,105239],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,105174,105175,105177,105179,105181,105183,105185,105187,105189,105191,105193,105195,105197],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,105176,326],{"class":145},[94,105178,149],{"class":108},[94,105180,6619],{"class":913},[94,105182,3342],{"class":108},[94,105184,412],{"class":112},[94,105186,116],{"class":108},[94,105188,124],{"class":112},[94,105190,116],{"class":108},[94,105192,124],{"class":112},[94,105194,116],{"class":108},[94,105196,421],{"class":112},[94,105198,3355],{"class":108},[94,105200,105201,105203,105205,105207,105209,105211,105213,105215,105217,105219],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,105202,326],{"class":145},[94,105204,149],{"class":108},[94,105206,6619],{"class":913},[94,105208,5842],{"class":108},[94,105210,2688],{"class":112},[94,105212,116],{"class":108},[94,105214,8124],{"class":112},[94,105216,116],{"class":108},[94,105218,6336],{"class":112},[94,105220,3268],{"class":108},[94,105222,105223,105225,105227,105229,105231,105233,105235,105237],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,105224,326],{"class":145},[94,105226,149],{"class":108},[94,105228,6619],{"class":913},[94,105230,149],{"class":108},[94,105232,332],{"class":331},[94,105234,4190],{"class":335},[94,105236,332],{"class":331},[94,105238,921],{"class":108},[94,105240,105241,105243,105245,105247,105249,105251,105253,105255],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,105242,326],{"class":145},[94,105244,149],{"class":108},[94,105246,6619],{"class":913},[94,105248,149],{"class":108},[94,105250,60323],{"class":145},[94,105252,149],{"class":108},[94,105254,857],{"class":112},[94,105256,3268],{"class":108},[24,105258,30360],{},[85,105260,105262],{"className":87,"code":105261,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"{1, 2, 3}\n{10, 20}\n{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n{0, 1, 2, 3}\n",[15,105263,105264,105280,105292,105328],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,105265,105266,105268,105270,105272,105274,105276,105278],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,105267,9610],{"class":108},[94,105269,412],{"class":112},[94,105271,116],{"class":108},[94,105273,124],{"class":112},[94,105275,116],{"class":108},[94,105277,421],{"class":112},[94,105279,9641],{"class":108},[94,105281,105282,105284,105286,105288,105290],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,105283,9610],{"class":108},[94,105285,2688],{"class":112},[94,105287,116],{"class":108},[94,105289,8124],{"class":112},[94,105291,9641],{"class":108},[94,105293,105294,105296,105298,105300,105302,105304,105306,105308,105310,105312,105314,105316,105318,105320,105322,105324,105326],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,105295,9610],{"class":108},[94,105297,968],{"class":331},[94,105299,60763],{"class":335},[94,105301,968],{"class":331},[94,105303,116],{"class":108},[94,105305,962],{"class":331},[94,105307,60772],{"class":335},[94,105309,968],{"class":331},[94,105311,116],{"class":108},[94,105313,962],{"class":331},[94,105315,60781],{"class":335},[94,105317,968],{"class":331},[94,105319,116],{"class":108},[94,105321,962],{"class":331},[94,105323,60798],{"class":335},[94,105325,968],{"class":331},[94,105327,9641],{"class":108},[94,105329,105330,105332,105334,105336,105338,105340,105342,105344,105346],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,105331,9610],{"class":108},[94,105333,2476],{"class":112},[94,105335,116],{"class":108},[94,105337,119],{"class":112},[94,105339,116],{"class":108},[94,105341,124],{"class":112},[94,105343,116],{"class":108},[94,105345,421],{"class":112},[94,105347,9641],{"class":108},[24,105349,105350,105351,168],{},"If you are comparing built-in constructors, you may also want to read ",[434,105352,105353],{"href":65171},"Python list() function explained",[80,105355,105357],{"id":105356},"creating-an-empty-set-correctly","Creating an empty set correctly",[24,105359,98583],{},[85,105361,105362],{"className":87,"code":99548,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,105363,105364,105374,105384],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,105365,105366,105368,105370,105372],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,105367,98593],{"class":100},[94,105369,105],{"class":104},[94,105371,15961],{"class":913},[94,105373,511],{"class":108},[94,105375,105376,105378,105380,105382],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,105377,326],{"class":145},[94,105379,149],{"class":108},[94,105381,98612],{"class":152},[94,105383,316],{"class":108},[94,105385,105386,105388,105390,105392,105394,105396],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,105387,326],{"class":145},[94,105389,149],{"class":108},[94,105391,914],{"class":913},[94,105393,149],{"class":108},[94,105395,98612],{"class":152},[94,105397,921],{"class":108},[24,105399,371],{},[85,105401,105402],{"className":87,"code":99591,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,105403,105404,105410],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,105405,105406,105408],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,105407,6619],{"class":913},[94,105409,511],{"class":108},[94,105411,105412,105414,105416,105418,105420,105422],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,105413,955],{"class":104},[94,105415,959],{"class":958},[94,105417,962],{"class":331},[94,105419,6619],{"class":335},[94,105421,968],{"class":331},[94,105423,971],{"class":104},[24,105425,105426],{},"This is important because:",[28,105428,105429,105434],{},[31,105430,105431,105433],{},[15,105432,4141],{}," creates an empty set",[31,105435,105436,105438,105439,105441],{},[15,105437,4136],{}," creates an empty dictionary, ",[43,105440,45],{}," a set",[24,105443,2566],{},[85,105445,105447],{"className":87,"code":105446,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"a = set()\nb = {}\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\n",[15,105448,105449,105459,105467,105471,105485],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,105450,105451,105453,105455,105457],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,105452,635],{"class":100},[94,105454,105],{"class":104},[94,105456,15961],{"class":913},[94,105458,511],{"class":108},[94,105460,105461,105463,105465],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,105462,2937],{"class":100},[94,105464,105],{"class":104},[94,105466,10170],{"class":108},[94,105468,105469],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,105470,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,105472,105473,105475,105477,105479,105481,105483],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,105474,326],{"class":145},[94,105476,149],{"class":108},[94,105478,914],{"class":913},[94,105480,149],{"class":108},[94,105482,434],{"class":152},[94,105484,921],{"class":108},[94,105486,105487,105489,105491,105493,105495,105497],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,105488,326],{"class":145},[94,105490,149],{"class":108},[94,105492,914],{"class":913},[94,105494,149],{"class":108},[94,105496,1937],{"class":152},[94,105498,921],{"class":108},[24,105500,371],{},[85,105502,105504],{"className":87,"code":105503,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,105505,105506,105520],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,105507,105508,105510,105512,105514,105516,105518],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,105509,955],{"class":104},[94,105511,959],{"class":958},[94,105513,962],{"class":331},[94,105515,6619],{"class":335},[94,105517,968],{"class":331},[94,105519,971],{"class":104},[94,105521,105522,105524,105526,105528,105530,105532],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,105523,955],{"class":104},[94,105525,959],{"class":958},[94,105527,962],{"class":331},[94,105529,9154],{"class":335},[94,105531,968],{"class":331},[94,105533,971],{"class":104},[24,105535,14376],{},[24,105537,105538,105539,168],{},"For more on creating sets, see ",[434,105540,104795],{"href":96634},[80,105542,105544],{"id":105543},"using-set-with-common-iterables","Using set() with common iterables",[265,105546,105548],{"id":105547},"from-a-list","From a list",[24,105550,105551,105552,168],{},"This is one of the most common uses of ",[15,105553,4141],{},[85,105555,105557],{"className":87,"code":105556,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3]\nresult = set(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105558,105559,105591,105605,105609],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,105560,105561,105563,105565,105567,105569,105571,105573,105575,105577,105579,105581,105583,105585,105587,105589],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,105562,101],{"class":100},[94,105564,105],{"class":104},[94,105566,109],{"class":108},[94,105568,412],{"class":112},[94,105570,116],{"class":108},[94,105572,124],{"class":112},[94,105574,116],{"class":108},[94,105576,124],{"class":112},[94,105578,116],{"class":108},[94,105580,421],{"class":112},[94,105582,116],{"class":108},[94,105584,421],{"class":112},[94,105586,116],{"class":108},[94,105588,421],{"class":112},[94,105590,127],{"class":108},[94,105592,105593,105595,105597,105599,105601,105603],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,105594,305],{"class":100},[94,105596,105],{"class":104},[94,105598,15961],{"class":913},[94,105600,149],{"class":108},[94,105602,153],{"class":152},[94,105604,316],{"class":108},[94,105606,105607],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,105608,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,105610,105611,105613,105615,105617],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,105612,326],{"class":145},[94,105614,149],{"class":108},[94,105616,902],{"class":152},[94,105618,316],{"class":108},[24,105620,371],{},[85,105622,105623],{"className":87,"code":96910,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,105624,105625],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,105626,105627,105629,105631,105633,105635,105637,105639],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,105628,9610],{"class":108},[94,105630,412],{"class":112},[94,105632,116],{"class":108},[94,105634,124],{"class":112},[94,105636,116],{"class":108},[94,105638,421],{"class":112},[94,105640,9641],{"class":108},[24,105642,105643,105644,168],{},"This is useful when you need unique values. For a task-focused example, see ",[434,105645,99381],{"href":105646},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python",[265,105648,105650],{"id":105649},"from-a-tuple","From a tuple",[85,105652,105654],{"className":87,"code":105653,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"values = (5, 5, 10, 15)\nresult = set(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105655,105656,105680,105694,105698],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,105657,105658,105660,105662,105664,105666,105668,105670,105672,105674,105676,105678],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,105659,4167],{"class":100},[94,105661,105],{"class":104},[94,105663,854],{"class":108},[94,105665,615],{"class":112},[94,105667,116],{"class":108},[94,105669,772],{"class":112},[94,105671,116],{"class":108},[94,105673,6336],{"class":112},[94,105675,116],{"class":108},[94,105677,38266],{"class":112},[94,105679,316],{"class":108},[94,105681,105682,105684,105686,105688,105690,105692],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,105683,305],{"class":100},[94,105685,105],{"class":104},[94,105687,15961],{"class":913},[94,105689,149],{"class":108},[94,105691,5690],{"class":152},[94,105693,316],{"class":108},[94,105695,105696],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,105697,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,105699,105700,105702,105704,105706],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,105701,326],{"class":145},[94,105703,149],{"class":108},[94,105705,902],{"class":152},[94,105707,316],{"class":108},[24,105709,371],{},[85,105711,105713],{"className":87,"code":105712,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"{5, 10, 15}\n",[15,105714,105715],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,105716,105717,105719,105721,105723,105725,105727,105729],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,105718,9610],{"class":108},[94,105720,615],{"class":112},[94,105722,116],{"class":108},[94,105724,6336],{"class":112},[94,105726,116],{"class":108},[94,105728,38266],{"class":112},[94,105730,9641],{"class":108},[265,105732,105734],{"id":105733},"from-a-string","From a string",[24,105736,51457,105737,105739],{},[15,105738,4141],{}," on a string, Python treats the string as an iterable of characters.",[85,105741,105743],{"className":87,"code":105742,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = set(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105744,105745,105757,105771,105775],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,105746,105747,105749,105751,105753,105755],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,105748,1803],{"class":100},[94,105750,105],{"class":104},[94,105752,1040],{"class":331},[94,105754,4432],{"class":335},[94,105756,1812],{"class":331},[94,105758,105759,105761,105763,105765,105767,105769],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,105760,305],{"class":100},[94,105762,105],{"class":104},[94,105764,15961],{"class":913},[94,105766,149],{"class":108},[94,105768,1817],{"class":152},[94,105770,316],{"class":108},[94,105772,105773],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,105774,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,105776,105777,105779,105781,105783],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,105778,326],{"class":145},[94,105780,149],{"class":108},[94,105782,902],{"class":152},[94,105784,316],{"class":108},[24,105786,30360],{},[85,105788,105790],{"className":87,"code":105789,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"{'b', 'a', 'n'}\n",[15,105791,105792],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,105793,105794,105796,105798,105800,105802,105804,105806,105808,105810,105812,105814,105816,105818],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,105795,9610],{"class":108},[94,105797,968],{"class":331},[94,105799,1937],{"class":335},[94,105801,968],{"class":331},[94,105803,116],{"class":108},[94,105805,962],{"class":331},[94,105807,434],{"class":335},[94,105809,968],{"class":331},[94,105811,116],{"class":108},[94,105813,962],{"class":331},[94,105815,76346],{"class":335},[94,105817,968],{"class":331},[94,105819,9641],{"class":108},[24,105821,105822],{},"The result contains unique characters only.",[265,105824,105826],{"id":105825},"from-range","From range()",[85,105828,105830],{"className":87,"code":105829,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"result = set(range(5))\nprint(result)\n",[15,105831,105832,105850],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,105833,105834,105836,105838,105840,105842,105844,105846,105848],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,105835,305],{"class":100},[94,105837,105],{"class":104},[94,105839,15961],{"class":913},[94,105841,149],{"class":108},[94,105843,60323],{"class":145},[94,105845,149],{"class":108},[94,105847,615],{"class":112},[94,105849,921],{"class":108},[94,105851,105852,105854,105856,105858],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,105853,326],{"class":145},[94,105855,149],{"class":108},[94,105857,902],{"class":152},[94,105859,316],{"class":108},[24,105861,371],{},[85,105863,105865],{"className":87,"code":105864,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"{0, 1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,105866,105867],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,105868,105869,105871,105873,105875,105877,105879,105881,105883,105885,105887,105889],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,105870,9610],{"class":108},[94,105872,2476],{"class":112},[94,105874,116],{"class":108},[94,105876,119],{"class":112},[94,105878,116],{"class":108},[94,105880,124],{"class":112},[94,105882,116],{"class":108},[94,105884,421],{"class":112},[94,105886,116],{"class":108},[94,105888,624],{"class":112},[94,105890,9641],{"class":108},[80,105892,105894],{"id":105893},"what-kinds-of-values-a-set-can-contain","What kinds of values a set can contain",[24,105896,99828,105897,168],{},[43,105898,96674],{},[24,105900,105901],{},"In simple terms, this means the value must be a type Python can safely use inside a set.",[24,105903,99834],{},[28,105905,105906,105910,105914,105918],{},[31,105907,105908],{},[15,105909,2546],{},[31,105911,105912],{},[15,105913,1372],{},[31,105915,105916],{},[15,105917,2550],{},[31,105919,105920,105922],{},[15,105921,49284],{}," (if its contents are also hashable)",[24,105924,2566],{},[85,105926,105928],{"className":87,"code":105927,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"items = {1, \"hello\", (10, 20)}\nprint(items)\n",[15,105929,105930,105961],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,105931,105932,105934,105936,105938,105940,105942,105944,105946,105948,105950,105952,105954,105956,105958],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,105933,8113],{"class":100},[94,105935,105],{"class":104},[94,105937,10823],{"class":108},[94,105939,412],{"class":112},[94,105941,116],{"class":108},[94,105943,1040],{"class":331},[94,105945,4190],{"class":335},[94,105947,332],{"class":331},[94,105949,116],{"class":108},[94,105951,854],{"class":108},[94,105953,2688],{"class":112},[94,105955,116],{"class":108},[94,105957,8124],{"class":112},[94,105959,105960],{"class":108},")}\n",[94,105962,105963,105965,105967,105969],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,105964,326],{"class":145},[94,105966,149],{"class":108},[94,105968,8144],{"class":152},[94,105970,316],{"class":108},[24,105972,99896,105973,105975],{},[43,105974,45],{}," work inside a set:",[28,105977,105978,105982,105986],{},[31,105979,105980],{},[15,105981,965],{},[31,105983,105984],{},[15,105985,9154],{},[31,105987,105988],{},[15,105989,6619],{},[24,105991,97399],{},[85,105993,105995],{"className":87,"code":105994,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"bad_set = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,105996,105997],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,105998,105999,106001,106003,106005,106007,106009,106011,106013,106015,106017,106019,106021],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,106000,99915],{"class":100},[94,106002,105],{"class":104},[94,106004,99920],{"class":108},[94,106006,412],{"class":112},[94,106008,116],{"class":108},[94,106010,124],{"class":112},[94,106012,18392],{"class":108},[94,106014,109],{"class":108},[94,106016,113],{"class":112},[94,106018,116],{"class":108},[94,106020,624],{"class":112},[94,106022,14033],{"class":108},[24,106024,77174,106025,106027],{},[15,106026,3361],{}," because lists are mutable and cannot be added to a set.",[24,106029,106030],{},"A safer example:",[85,106032,106034],{"className":87,"code":106033,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"good_set = {(1, 2), (3, 4)}\nprint(good_set)\n",[15,106035,106036,106064],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,106037,106038,106041,106043,106046,106048,106050,106052,106054,106056,106058,106060,106062],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,106039,106040],{"class":100},"good_set ",[94,106042,105],{"class":104},[94,106044,106045],{"class":108}," {(",[94,106047,412],{"class":112},[94,106049,116],{"class":108},[94,106051,124],{"class":112},[94,106053,9566],{"class":108},[94,106055,854],{"class":108},[94,106057,113],{"class":112},[94,106059,116],{"class":108},[94,106061,624],{"class":112},[94,106063,105960],{"class":108},[94,106065,106066,106068,106070,106073],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,106067,326],{"class":145},[94,106069,149],{"class":108},[94,106071,106072],{"class":152},"good_set",[94,106074,316],{"class":108},[24,106076,371],{},[85,106078,106080],{"className":87,"code":106079,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"{(1, 2), (3, 4)}\n",[15,106081,106082],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,106083,106084,106087,106089,106091,106093,106095,106097,106099,106101,106103],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,106085,106086],{"class":108},"{(",[94,106088,412],{"class":112},[94,106090,116],{"class":108},[94,106092,124],{"class":112},[94,106094,9566],{"class":108},[94,106096,854],{"class":108},[94,106098,113],{"class":112},[94,106100,116],{"class":108},[94,106102,624],{"class":112},[94,106104,105960],{"class":108},[80,106106,106108],{"id":106107},"when-to-use-set","When to use set()",[24,106110,54,106111,822],{},[15,106112,4141],{},[28,106114,106115,106118,106123,106126],{},[31,106116,106117],{},"you need unique values only",[31,106119,106120,106121],{},"you want fast membership checks with ",[15,106122,4228],{},[31,106124,106125],{},"order does not matter",[31,106127,106128],{},"you need set operations like union or intersection",[24,106130,106131],{},"Example of membership checking:",[85,106133,106135],{"className":87,"code":106134,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"allowed_ids = set([101, 102, 103])\n\nprint(102 in allowed_ids)\nprint(999 in allowed_ids)\n",[15,106136,106137,106162,106166,106182],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,106138,106139,106142,106144,106146,106148,106150,106152,106155,106157,106160],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,106140,106141],{"class":100},"allowed_ids ",[94,106143,105],{"class":104},[94,106145,15961],{"class":913},[94,106147,3342],{"class":108},[94,106149,46923],{"class":112},[94,106151,116],{"class":108},[94,106153,106154],{"class":112}," 102",[94,106156,116],{"class":108},[94,106158,106159],{"class":112}," 103",[94,106161,4234],{"class":108},[94,106163,106164],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,106165,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,106167,106168,106170,106172,106175,106177,106180],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,106169,326],{"class":145},[94,106171,149],{"class":108},[94,106173,106174],{"class":112},"102",[94,106176,21505],{"class":4221},[94,106178,106179],{"class":152}," allowed_ids",[94,106181,316],{"class":108},[94,106183,106184,106186,106188,106191,106193,106195],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,106185,326],{"class":145},[94,106187,149],{"class":108},[94,106189,106190],{"class":112},"999",[94,106192,21505],{"class":4221},[94,106194,106179],{"class":152},[94,106196,316],{"class":108},[24,106198,371],{},[85,106200,106201],{"className":87,"code":44505,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,106202,106203,106207],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,106204,106205],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,106206,4325],{"class":1224},[94,106208,106209],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,106210,4386],{"class":1224},[24,106212,106213],{},"This is a common real-world use of sets.",[80,106215,106217],{"id":106216},"set-vs","set() vs {}",[24,106219,106220],{},"These forms are similar, but they do not mean the same thing.",[265,106222,54,106224,98525],{"id":106223},"use-set-for-an-empty-set",[15,106225,4141],{},[85,106227,106228],{"className":87,"code":98586,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,106229,106230,106240],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,106231,106232,106234,106236,106238],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,106233,98593],{"class":100},[94,106235,105],{"class":104},[94,106237,15961],{"class":913},[94,106239,511],{"class":108},[94,106241,106242,106244,106246,106248,106250,106252],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,106243,326],{"class":145},[94,106245,149],{"class":108},[94,106247,914],{"class":913},[94,106249,149],{"class":108},[94,106251,98612],{"class":152},[94,106253,921],{"class":108},[24,106255,371],{},[85,106257,106258],{"className":87,"code":9185,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,106259,106260],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,106261,106262,106264,106266,106268,106270,106272],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,106263,955],{"class":104},[94,106265,959],{"class":958},[94,106267,962],{"class":331},[94,106269,6619],{"class":335},[94,106271,968],{"class":331},[94,106273,971],{"class":104},[265,106275,54,106277,106279],{"id":106276},"use-1-2-3-for-a-non-empty-set-literal",[15,106278,100585],{}," for a non-empty set literal",[85,106281,106283],{"className":87,"code":106282,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(type(numbers))\n",[15,106284,106285,106305],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,106286,106287,106289,106291,106293,106295,106297,106299,106301,106303],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,106288,101],{"class":100},[94,106290,105],{"class":104},[94,106292,10823],{"class":108},[94,106294,412],{"class":112},[94,106296,116],{"class":108},[94,106298,124],{"class":112},[94,106300,116],{"class":108},[94,106302,421],{"class":112},[94,106304,9641],{"class":108},[94,106306,106307,106309,106311,106313,106315,106317],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,106308,326],{"class":145},[94,106310,149],{"class":108},[94,106312,914],{"class":913},[94,106314,149],{"class":108},[94,106316,153],{"class":152},[94,106318,921],{"class":108},[24,106320,371],{},[85,106322,106323],{"className":87,"code":9185,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,106324,106325],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,106326,106327,106329,106331,106333,106335,106337],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,106328,955],{"class":104},[94,106330,959],{"class":958},[94,106332,962],{"class":331},[94,106334,6619],{"class":335},[94,106336,968],{"class":331},[94,106338,971],{"class":104},[265,106340,54,106342,106344],{"id":106341},"use-for-an-empty-dictionary",[15,106343,4136],{}," for an empty dictionary",[85,106346,106348],{"className":87,"code":106347,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"empty_dict = {}\nprint(type(empty_dict))\n",[15,106349,106350,106359],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,106351,106352,106355,106357],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,106353,106354],{"class":100},"empty_dict ",[94,106356,105],{"class":104},[94,106358,10170],{"class":108},[94,106360,106361,106363,106365,106367,106369,106372],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,106362,326],{"class":145},[94,106364,149],{"class":108},[94,106366,914],{"class":913},[94,106368,149],{"class":108},[94,106370,106371],{"class":152},"empty_dict",[94,106373,921],{"class":108},[24,106375,371],{},[85,106377,106378],{"className":87,"code":9141,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,106379,106380],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,106381,106382,106384,106386,106388,106390,106392],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,106383,955],{"class":104},[94,106385,959],{"class":958},[94,106387,962],{"class":331},[94,106389,9154],{"class":335},[94,106391,968],{"class":331},[94,106393,971],{"class":104},[24,106395,106396],{},"So the rule is simple:",[28,106398,106399,106404,106409],{},[31,106400,106401,106403],{},[15,106402,4141],{}," → empty set",[31,106405,106406,106408],{},[15,106407,100585],{}," → non-empty set",[31,106410,106411,106413],{},[15,106412,4136],{}," → empty dictionary",[80,106415,3186],{"id":3185},[24,106417,106418,106419,168],{},"These are common problems beginners run into with ",[15,106420,4141],{},[265,106422,1484,106423,100183],{"id":100180},[15,106424,4136],{},[24,106426,106427],{},"This creates a dictionary, not a set:",[85,106429,106430],{"className":87,"code":100189,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,106431,106432,106440],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,106433,106434,106436,106438],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,106435,2804],{"class":100},[94,106437,105],{"class":104},[94,106439,10170],{"class":108},[94,106441,106442,106444,106446,106448,106450,106452],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,106443,326],{"class":145},[94,106445,149],{"class":108},[94,106447,914],{"class":913},[94,106449,149],{"class":108},[94,106451,2829],{"class":152},[94,106453,921],{"class":108},[265,106455,106457,106458],{"id":106456},"passing-a-non-iterable-value-like-set5","Passing a non-iterable value like ",[15,106459,106460],{},"set(5)",[24,106462,106463,106465],{},[15,106464,4141],{}," expects one iterable argument. An integer is not iterable.",[85,106467,106469],{"className":87,"code":106468,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"set(5)\n",[15,106470,106471],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,106472,106473,106475,106477,106479],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,106474,6619],{"class":913},[94,106476,149],{"class":108},[94,106478,615],{"class":112},[94,106480,316],{"class":108},[24,106482,3358,106483,106485,106486,168],{},[15,106484,3361],{},". If you are seeing a related message, see ",[434,106487,106489],{"href":106488},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix","TypeError: int object is not iterable fix",[265,106491,106493],{"id":106492},"trying-to-put-lists-or-dictionaries-inside-a-set","Trying to put lists or dictionaries inside a set",[24,106495,106496],{},"This does not work because lists and dictionaries are unhashable.",[85,106498,106500],{"className":87,"code":106499,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"value = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,106501,106502],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,106503,106504,106506,106508,106510,106512,106514,106516,106518,106520,106522,106524,106526],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,106505,2804],{"class":100},[94,106507,105],{"class":104},[94,106509,99920],{"class":108},[94,106511,412],{"class":112},[94,106513,116],{"class":108},[94,106515,124],{"class":112},[94,106517,18392],{"class":108},[94,106519,109],{"class":108},[94,106521,113],{"class":112},[94,106523,116],{"class":108},[94,106525,624],{"class":112},[94,106527,14033],{"class":108},[265,106529,8786,106531,106533],{"id":106530},"expecting-set-to-keep-the-original-order",[15,106532,4141],{}," to keep the original order",[24,106535,106536],{},"Sets are unordered. If you print a set, the items may not appear in the same order as the original iterable.",[265,106538,37533,106540,9037,106542,2167,106544],{"id":106539},"confusing-set-with-list-or-dict",[15,106541,4141],{},[15,106543,25112],{},[15,106545,9453],{},[24,106547,106548],{},"These built-in functions create different types of objects. Choose the one that matches your goal.",[80,106550,61035],{"id":61034},[24,106552,11441],{},[85,106554,106556],{"className":87,"code":106555,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(type(my_value))\nprint(my_value)\nprint(list(my_set))\nprint(len(my_set))\n",[15,106557,106558,106573,106583,106597],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,106559,106560,106562,106564,106566,106568,106571],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,106561,326],{"class":145},[94,106563,149],{"class":108},[94,106565,914],{"class":913},[94,106567,149],{"class":108},[94,106569,106570],{"class":152},"my_value",[94,106572,921],{"class":108},[94,106574,106575,106577,106579,106581],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,106576,326],{"class":145},[94,106578,149],{"class":108},[94,106580,106570],{"class":152},[94,106582,316],{"class":108},[94,106584,106585,106587,106589,106591,106593,106595],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,106586,326],{"class":145},[94,106588,149],{"class":108},[94,106590,965],{"class":913},[94,106592,149],{"class":108},[94,106594,15994],{"class":152},[94,106596,921],{"class":108},[94,106598,106599,106601,106603,106605,106607,106609],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,106600,326],{"class":145},[94,106602,149],{"class":108},[94,106604,11490],{"class":145},[94,106606,149],{"class":108},[94,106608,15994],{"class":152},[94,106610,921],{"class":108},[24,106612,106613],{},"What they help you see:",[28,106615,106616,106622,106627,106633],{},[31,106617,106618,106621],{},[15,106619,106620],{},"print(type(my_value))"," checks the actual type",[31,106623,106624,90850],{},[15,106625,106626],{},"print(my_value)",[31,106628,106629,106632],{},[15,106630,106631],{},"print(list(my_set))"," converts the set to a list so it is easier to inspect",[31,106634,106635,106638],{},[15,106636,106637],{},"print(len(my_set))"," shows how many unique items are in the set",[80,106640,2160],{"id":2159},[265,106642,106644],{"id":106643},"does-set-remove-duplicates","Does set() remove duplicates?",[24,106646,106647],{},"Yes. Duplicate values are automatically removed when the set is created.",[265,106649,106651],{"id":106650},"how-do-i-make-an-empty-set-in-python","How do I make an empty set in Python?",[24,106653,54,106654,106656,106657,106659],{},[15,106655,4141],{},". Do not use ",[15,106658,4136],{},", because that creates an empty dictionary.",[265,106661,106663],{"id":106662},"does-set-keep-the-original-order","Does set() keep the original order?",[24,106665,106666],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item order.",[265,106668,106670],{"id":106669},"can-i-use-set-on-a-string","Can I use set() on a string?",[24,106672,106673],{},"Yes. It creates a set of unique characters from the string.",[24,106675,2566],{},[85,106677,106679],{"className":87,"code":106678,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(set(\"apple\"))\n",[15,106680,106681],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,106682,106683,106685,106687,106689,106691,106693,106695,106697],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,106684,326],{"class":145},[94,106686,149],{"class":108},[94,106688,6619],{"class":913},[94,106690,149],{"class":108},[94,106692,332],{"class":331},[94,106694,1332],{"class":335},[94,106696,332],{"class":331},[94,106698,921],{"class":108},[24,106700,30360],{},[85,106702,106704],{"className":87,"code":106703,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"{'a', 'p', 'l', 'e'}\n",[15,106705,106706],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,106707,106708,106710,106712,106714,106716,106718,106720,106722,106724,106726,106728,106730,106732,106734,106736,106738,106740],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,106709,9610],{"class":108},[94,106711,968],{"class":331},[94,106713,434],{"class":335},[94,106715,968],{"class":331},[94,106717,116],{"class":108},[94,106719,962],{"class":331},[94,106721,24],{"class":335},[94,106723,968],{"class":331},[94,106725,116],{"class":108},[94,106727,962],{"class":331},[94,106729,60781],{"class":335},[94,106731,968],{"class":331},[94,106733,116],{"class":108},[94,106735,962],{"class":331},[94,106737,60772],{"class":335},[94,106739,968],{"class":331},[94,106741,9641],{"class":108},[265,106743,2179,106745,106748],{"id":106744},"why-does-set1-2-3-4-not-work",[15,106746,106747],{},"set([1, 2], [3, 4])"," not work?",[24,106750,106751,29016,106753,106756],{},[15,106752,4141],{},[43,106754,106755],{},"one optional iterable argument",", not multiple positional values.",[24,106758,106759],{},"If you want all those values in one set, combine them into a single iterable first:",[85,106761,106763],{"className":87,"code":106762,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(set([1, 2, 3, 4]))\n",[15,106764,106765],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,106766,106767,106769,106771,106773,106775,106777,106779,106781,106783,106785,106787,106789],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,106768,326],{"class":145},[94,106770,149],{"class":108},[94,106772,6619],{"class":913},[94,106774,3342],{"class":108},[94,106776,412],{"class":112},[94,106778,116],{"class":108},[94,106780,124],{"class":112},[94,106782,116],{"class":108},[94,106784,421],{"class":112},[94,106786,116],{"class":108},[94,106788,624],{"class":112},[94,106790,3355],{"class":108},[80,106792,2232],{"id":2231},[28,106794,106795,106799,106803,106807,106811],{},[31,106796,106797],{},[434,106798,96631],{"href":96630},[31,106800,106801],{},[434,106802,104795],{"href":96634},[31,106804,106805],{},[434,106806,100647],{"href":105646},[31,106808,106809],{},[434,106810,105353],{"href":65171},[31,106812,106813],{},[434,106814,106489],{"href":106488},[2260,106816,106817],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":90,"searchDepth":130,"depth":130,"links":106819},[106820,106821,106822,106823,106824,106830,106831,106832,106840,106850,106851,106859],{"id":2360,"depth":130,"text":2361},{"id":104971,"depth":130,"text":104972},{"id":2513,"depth":130,"text":2514},{"id":105356,"depth":130,"text":105357},{"id":105543,"depth":130,"text":105544,"children":106825},[106826,106827,106828,106829],{"id":105547,"depth":137,"text":105548},{"id":105649,"depth":137,"text":105650},{"id":105733,"depth":137,"text":105734},{"id":105825,"depth":137,"text":105826},{"id":105893,"depth":130,"text":105894},{"id":106107,"depth":130,"text":106108},{"id":106216,"depth":130,"text":106217,"children":106833},[106834,106836,106838],{"id":106223,"depth":137,"text":106835},"Use set() for an empty set",{"id":106276,"depth":137,"text":106837},"Use {1, 2, 3} for a non-empty set literal",{"id":106341,"depth":137,"text":106839},"Use {} for an empty dictionary",{"id":3185,"depth":130,"text":3186,"children":106841},[106842,106843,106845,106846,106848],{"id":100180,"depth":137,"text":100688},{"id":106456,"depth":137,"text":106844},"Passing a non-iterable value like set(5)",{"id":106492,"depth":137,"text":106493},{"id":106530,"depth":137,"text":106847},"Expecting set() to keep the original order",{"id":106539,"depth":137,"text":106849},"Confusing set() with list() or dict()",{"id":61034,"depth":130,"text":61035},{"id":2159,"depth":130,"text":2160,"children":106852},[106853,106854,106855,106856,106857],{"id":106643,"depth":137,"text":106644},{"id":106650,"depth":137,"text":106651},{"id":106662,"depth":137,"text":106663},{"id":106669,"depth":137,"text":106670},{"id":106744,"depth":137,"text":106858},"Why does set([1, 2], [3, 4]) not work?",{"id":2231,"depth":130,"text":2232},"Master python set function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained",{"title":104853,"description":106860},"reference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained","wzopeLgTwc6XjSZRTDiO0MhJY1lIjTWxNHu52c5tL8Y",{"id":106867,"title":106868,"body":106869,"description":108384,"extension":2319,"meta":108385,"navigation":133,"path":108386,"seo":108387,"stem":108388,"__hash__":108389},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method.md","Python Set intersection() Method",{"type":7,"value":106870,"toc":108360},[106871,106877,106882,106885,106968,106973,106978,106983,106985,106998,107002,107004,107023,107026,107049,107052,107063,107065,107146,107148,107165,107167,107173,107176,107271,107273,107304,107306,107314,107316,107319,107430,107432,107457,107459,107481,107486,107491,107497,107606,107608,107624,107627,107630,107713,107715,107732,107740,107742,107746,107752,107843,107845,107878,107883,107890,107967,107969,107986,107992,107994,107998,108014,108017,108043,108045,108106,108108,108231,108233,108284,108290,108292,108297,108299,108305,108308,108312,108315,108319,108322,108332,108334,108357],[10,106872,13,106874,11651],{"id":106873},"python-setintersection-method",[15,106875,106876],{},"set.intersection()",[24,106878,2336,106879,106881],{},[15,106880,106876],{}," method returns a new set containing only the values that appear in both sets.",[24,106883,106884],{},"Use it when you want to find common items between sets without changing the original set.",[85,106886,106888],{"className":87,"code":106887,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n# Output: {2, 3}\n",[15,106889,106890,106910,106930,106934,106953,106963],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,106891,106892,106894,106896,106898,106900,106902,106904,106906,106908],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,106893,635],{"class":100},[94,106895,105],{"class":104},[94,106897,10823],{"class":108},[94,106899,412],{"class":112},[94,106901,116],{"class":108},[94,106903,124],{"class":112},[94,106905,116],{"class":108},[94,106907,421],{"class":112},[94,106909,9641],{"class":108},[94,106911,106912,106914,106916,106918,106920,106922,106924,106926,106928],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,106913,2937],{"class":100},[94,106915,105],{"class":104},[94,106917,10823],{"class":108},[94,106919,763],{"class":112},[94,106921,116],{"class":108},[94,106923,421],{"class":112},[94,106925,116],{"class":108},[94,106927,624],{"class":112},[94,106929,9641],{"class":108},[94,106931,106932],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,106933,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,106935,106936,106938,106940,106942,106944,106947,106949,106951],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,106937,305],{"class":100},[94,106939,105],{"class":104},[94,106941,682],{"class":100},[94,106943,168],{"class":108},[94,106945,106946],{"class":152},"intersection",[94,106948,149],{"class":108},[94,106950,1937],{"class":152},[94,106952,316],{"class":108},[94,106954,106955,106957,106959,106961],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,106956,326],{"class":145},[94,106958,149],{"class":108},[94,106960,902],{"class":152},[94,106962,316],{"class":108},[94,106964,106965],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,106966,106967],{"class":159},"# Output: {2, 3}\n",[24,106969,54,106970,106972],{},[15,106971,103094],{}," when you want only the items that appear in both sets.",[80,106974,13322,106976,13325],{"id":106975},"what-the-intersection-method-does",[15,106977,103094],{},[24,106979,106980,106982],{},[15,106981,103094],{}," is a set method that compares one set with another set or iterable and keeps only the shared values.",[24,106984,13378],{},[28,106986,106987,106990,106992,106995],{},[31,106988,106989],{},"It returns a new set with items that exist in both sets",[31,106991,100864],{},[31,106993,106994],{},"It works with values that can be stored in a set",[31,106996,106997],{},"It is useful for finding shared values",[24,106999,96627,107000,168],{},[434,107001,96631],{"href":96630},[80,107003,2514],{"id":2513},[85,107005,107007],{"className":87,"code":107006,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"set1.intersection(set2)\n",[15,107008,107009],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,107010,107011,107013,107015,107017,107019,107021],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,107012,100888],{"class":100},[94,107014,168],{"class":108},[94,107016,106946],{"class":152},[94,107018,149],{"class":108},[94,107020,100897],{"class":152},[94,107022,316],{"class":108},[24,107024,107025],{},"You can also pass more than one argument:",[85,107027,107029],{"className":87,"code":107028,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"set1.intersection(set2, set3)\n",[15,107030,107031],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,107032,107033,107035,107037,107039,107041,107043,107045,107047],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,107034,100888],{"class":100},[94,107036,168],{"class":108},[94,107038,106946],{"class":152},[94,107040,149],{"class":108},[94,107042,100897],{"class":152},[94,107044,116],{"class":108},[94,107046,100924],{"class":152},[94,107048,316],{"class":108},[24,107050,107051],{},"Important notes:",[28,107053,107054,107057,107060],{},[31,107055,107056],{},"The result is always a new set",[31,107058,107059],{},"If there are no shared items, the result is an empty set",[31,107061,107062],{},"You can pass sets or other iterables as arguments",[24,107064,2566],{},[85,107066,107068],{"className":87,"code":107067,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,107069,107070,107094,107114,107118,107136],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,107071,107072,107074,107076,107078,107080,107082,107084,107086,107088,107090,107092],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,107073,635],{"class":100},[94,107075,105],{"class":104},[94,107077,10823],{"class":108},[94,107079,412],{"class":112},[94,107081,116],{"class":108},[94,107083,124],{"class":112},[94,107085,116],{"class":108},[94,107087,421],{"class":112},[94,107089,116],{"class":108},[94,107091,624],{"class":112},[94,107093,9641],{"class":108},[94,107095,107096,107098,107100,107102,107104,107106,107108,107110,107112],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,107097,2937],{"class":100},[94,107099,105],{"class":104},[94,107101,10823],{"class":108},[94,107103,113],{"class":112},[94,107105,116],{"class":108},[94,107107,624],{"class":112},[94,107109,116],{"class":108},[94,107111,772],{"class":112},[94,107113,9641],{"class":108},[94,107115,107116],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,107117,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,107119,107120,107122,107124,107126,107128,107130,107132,107134],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,107121,305],{"class":100},[94,107123,105],{"class":104},[94,107125,682],{"class":100},[94,107127,168],{"class":108},[94,107129,106946],{"class":152},[94,107131,149],{"class":108},[94,107133,1937],{"class":152},[94,107135,316],{"class":108},[94,107137,107138,107140,107142,107144],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,107139,326],{"class":145},[94,107141,149],{"class":108},[94,107143,902],{"class":152},[94,107145,316],{"class":108},[24,107147,371],{},[85,107149,107151],{"className":87,"code":107150,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"{3, 4}\n",[15,107152,107153],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,107154,107155,107157,107159,107161,107163],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,107156,9610],{"class":108},[94,107158,113],{"class":112},[94,107160,116],{"class":108},[94,107162,624],{"class":112},[94,107164,9641],{"class":108},[80,107166,17748],{"id":17747},[24,107168,107169,22306,107171,168],{},[15,107170,103094],{},[43,107172,6619],{},[24,107174,107175],{},"That returned set contains only the elements that are present in all inputs.",[85,107177,107179],{"className":87,"code":107178,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,107180,107181,107201,107221,107225,107243,107247,107257],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,107182,107183,107185,107187,107189,107191,107193,107195,107197,107199],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,107184,635],{"class":100},[94,107186,105],{"class":104},[94,107188,10823],{"class":108},[94,107190,412],{"class":112},[94,107192,116],{"class":108},[94,107194,124],{"class":112},[94,107196,116],{"class":108},[94,107198,421],{"class":112},[94,107200,9641],{"class":108},[94,107202,107203,107205,107207,107209,107211,107213,107215,107217,107219],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,107204,2937],{"class":100},[94,107206,105],{"class":104},[94,107208,10823],{"class":108},[94,107210,763],{"class":112},[94,107212,116],{"class":108},[94,107214,421],{"class":112},[94,107216,116],{"class":108},[94,107218,624],{"class":112},[94,107220,9641],{"class":108},[94,107222,107223],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,107224,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,107226,107227,107229,107231,107233,107235,107237,107239,107241],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,107228,305],{"class":100},[94,107230,105],{"class":104},[94,107232,682],{"class":100},[94,107234,168],{"class":108},[94,107236,106946],{"class":152},[94,107238,149],{"class":108},[94,107240,1937],{"class":152},[94,107242,316],{"class":108},[94,107244,107245],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,107246,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,107248,107249,107251,107253,107255],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,107250,326],{"class":145},[94,107252,149],{"class":108},[94,107254,902],{"class":152},[94,107256,316],{"class":108},[94,107258,107259,107261,107263,107265,107267,107269],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,107260,326],{"class":145},[94,107262,149],{"class":108},[94,107264,914],{"class":913},[94,107266,149],{"class":108},[94,107268,902],{"class":152},[94,107270,921],{"class":108},[24,107272,371],{},[85,107274,107276],{"className":87,"code":107275,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,107277,107278,107290],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,107279,107280,107282,107284,107286,107288],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,107281,9610],{"class":108},[94,107283,763],{"class":112},[94,107285,116],{"class":108},[94,107287,421],{"class":112},[94,107289,9641],{"class":108},[94,107291,107292,107294,107296,107298,107300,107302],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,107293,955],{"class":104},[94,107295,959],{"class":958},[94,107297,962],{"class":331},[94,107299,6619],{"class":335},[94,107301,968],{"class":331},[94,107303,971],{"class":104},[24,107305,86114],{},[28,107307,107308,107311],{},[31,107309,107310],{},"The return value is a set, not a list",[31,107312,107313],{},"The order is not guaranteed because sets are unordered",[80,107315,11805],{"id":11804},[24,107317,107318],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets that share some values:",[85,107320,107322],{"className":87,"code":107321,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\", \"blue\"}\n\ncommon_colors = colors1.intersection(colors2)\n\nprint(common_colors)\n",[15,107323,107324,107357,107390,107394,107415,107419],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,107325,107326,107329,107331,107333,107335,107337,107339,107341,107343,107345,107347,107349,107351,107353,107355],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,107327,107328],{"class":100},"colors1 ",[94,107330,105],{"class":104},[94,107332,10823],{"class":108},[94,107334,332],{"class":331},[94,107336,13419],{"class":335},[94,107338,332],{"class":331},[94,107340,116],{"class":108},[94,107342,1040],{"class":331},[94,107344,13436],{"class":335},[94,107346,332],{"class":331},[94,107348,116],{"class":108},[94,107350,1040],{"class":331},[94,107352,17785],{"class":335},[94,107354,332],{"class":331},[94,107356,9641],{"class":108},[94,107358,107359,107362,107364,107366,107368,107370,107372,107374,107376,107378,107380,107382,107384,107386,107388],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,107360,107361],{"class":100},"colors2 ",[94,107363,105],{"class":104},[94,107365,10823],{"class":108},[94,107367,332],{"class":331},[94,107369,17785],{"class":335},[94,107371,332],{"class":331},[94,107373,116],{"class":108},[94,107375,1040],{"class":331},[94,107377,22855],{"class":335},[94,107379,332],{"class":331},[94,107381,116],{"class":108},[94,107383,1040],{"class":331},[94,107385,13436],{"class":335},[94,107387,332],{"class":331},[94,107389,9641],{"class":108},[94,107391,107392],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,107393,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,107395,107396,107399,107401,107404,107406,107408,107410,107413],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,107397,107398],{"class":100},"common_colors ",[94,107400,105],{"class":104},[94,107402,107403],{"class":100}," colors1",[94,107405,168],{"class":108},[94,107407,106946],{"class":152},[94,107409,149],{"class":108},[94,107411,107412],{"class":152},"colors2",[94,107414,316],{"class":108},[94,107416,107417],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,107418,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,107420,107421,107423,107425,107428],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,107422,326],{"class":145},[94,107424,149],{"class":108},[94,107426,107427],{"class":152},"common_colors",[94,107429,316],{"class":108},[24,107431,371],{},[85,107433,107435],{"className":87,"code":107434,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"{'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,107436,107437],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,107438,107439,107441,107443,107445,107447,107449,107451,107453,107455],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,107440,9610],{"class":108},[94,107442,968],{"class":331},[94,107444,13436],{"class":335},[94,107446,968],{"class":331},[94,107448,116],{"class":108},[94,107450,962],{"class":331},[94,107452,17785],{"class":335},[94,107454,968],{"class":331},[94,107456,9641],{"class":108},[24,107458,12014],{},[28,107460,107461,107467,107471,107476],{},[31,107462,107463,107466],{},[15,107464,107465],{},"colors1"," contains three color names",[31,107468,107469,107466],{},[15,107470,107412],{},[31,107472,107473,107475],{},[15,107474,103094],{}," keeps only the values found in both sets",[31,107477,107478,107479],{},"The result is a new set stored in ",[15,107480,107427],{},[80,107482,1484,107484,101461],{"id":107483},"using-intersection-with-multiple-sets",[15,107485,103094],{},[24,107487,107488,107489,168],{},"You can pass more than two sets or iterables to ",[15,107490,103094],{},[24,107492,107493,107494,107496],{},"Only the values found in ",[43,107495,4060],{}," inputs will be kept.",[85,107498,107500],{"className":87,"code":107499,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {2, 3, 4, 5}\nc = {3, 4, 6}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,107501,107502,107526,107550,107570,107574,107596],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,107503,107504,107506,107508,107510,107512,107514,107516,107518,107520,107522,107524],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,107505,635],{"class":100},[94,107507,105],{"class":104},[94,107509,10823],{"class":108},[94,107511,412],{"class":112},[94,107513,116],{"class":108},[94,107515,124],{"class":112},[94,107517,116],{"class":108},[94,107519,421],{"class":112},[94,107521,116],{"class":108},[94,107523,624],{"class":112},[94,107525,9641],{"class":108},[94,107527,107528,107530,107532,107534,107536,107538,107540,107542,107544,107546,107548],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,107529,2937],{"class":100},[94,107531,105],{"class":104},[94,107533,10823],{"class":108},[94,107535,763],{"class":112},[94,107537,116],{"class":108},[94,107539,421],{"class":112},[94,107541,116],{"class":108},[94,107543,624],{"class":112},[94,107545,116],{"class":108},[94,107547,772],{"class":112},[94,107549,9641],{"class":108},[94,107551,107552,107554,107556,107558,107560,107562,107564,107566,107568],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,107553,83490],{"class":100},[94,107555,105],{"class":104},[94,107557,10823],{"class":108},[94,107559,113],{"class":112},[94,107561,116],{"class":108},[94,107563,624],{"class":112},[94,107565,116],{"class":108},[94,107567,37973],{"class":112},[94,107569,9641],{"class":108},[94,107571,107572],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,107573,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,107575,107576,107578,107580,107582,107584,107586,107588,107590,107592,107594],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,107577,305],{"class":100},[94,107579,105],{"class":104},[94,107581,682],{"class":100},[94,107583,168],{"class":108},[94,107585,106946],{"class":152},[94,107587,149],{"class":108},[94,107589,1937],{"class":152},[94,107591,116],{"class":108},[94,107593,10014],{"class":152},[94,107595,316],{"class":108},[94,107597,107598,107600,107602,107604],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,107599,326],{"class":145},[94,107601,149],{"class":108},[94,107603,902],{"class":152},[94,107605,316],{"class":108},[24,107607,371],{},[85,107609,107610],{"className":87,"code":107150,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,107611,107612],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,107613,107614,107616,107618,107620,107622],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,107615,9610],{"class":108},[94,107617,113],{"class":112},[94,107619,116],{"class":108},[94,107621,624],{"class":112},[94,107623,9641],{"class":108},[24,107625,107626],{},"This is useful when you want to check which items are shared across many groups.",[24,107628,107629],{},"You can also pass other iterables:",[85,107631,107633],{"className":87,"code":107632,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection([2, 4, 6], (1, 2, 4))\nprint(result)\n",[15,107634,107635,107659,107663,107703],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,107636,107637,107639,107641,107643,107645,107647,107649,107651,107653,107655,107657],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,107638,635],{"class":100},[94,107640,105],{"class":104},[94,107642,10823],{"class":108},[94,107644,412],{"class":112},[94,107646,116],{"class":108},[94,107648,124],{"class":112},[94,107650,116],{"class":108},[94,107652,421],{"class":112},[94,107654,116],{"class":108},[94,107656,624],{"class":112},[94,107658,9641],{"class":108},[94,107660,107661],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,107662,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,107664,107665,107667,107669,107671,107673,107675,107677,107679,107681,107683,107685,107687,107689,107691,107693,107695,107697,107699,107701],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,107666,305],{"class":100},[94,107668,105],{"class":104},[94,107670,682],{"class":100},[94,107672,168],{"class":108},[94,107674,106946],{"class":152},[94,107676,3342],{"class":108},[94,107678,763],{"class":112},[94,107680,116],{"class":108},[94,107682,624],{"class":112},[94,107684,116],{"class":108},[94,107686,37973],{"class":112},[94,107688,18392],{"class":108},[94,107690,854],{"class":108},[94,107692,412],{"class":112},[94,107694,116],{"class":108},[94,107696,124],{"class":112},[94,107698,116],{"class":108},[94,107700,624],{"class":112},[94,107702,921],{"class":108},[94,107704,107705,107707,107709,107711],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,107706,326],{"class":145},[94,107708,149],{"class":108},[94,107710,902],{"class":152},[94,107712,316],{"class":108},[24,107714,371],{},[85,107716,107718],{"className":87,"code":107717,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"{2, 4}\n",[15,107719,107720],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,107721,107722,107724,107726,107728,107730],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,107723,9610],{"class":108},[94,107725,763],{"class":112},[94,107727,116],{"class":108},[94,107729,624],{"class":112},[94,107731,9641],{"class":108},[80,107733,107735,18,107737],{"id":107734},"intersection-vs-intersection_update",[15,107736,103094],{},[15,107738,107739],{},"intersection_update()",[24,107741,101631],{},[265,107743,107744],{"id":106946},[15,107745,103094],{},[28,107747,107748,107750],{},[31,107749,101640],{},[31,107751,101643],{},[85,107753,107755],{"className":87,"code":107754,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(a)\nprint(result)\n",[15,107756,107757,107777,107797,107801,107819,107823,107833],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,107758,107759,107761,107763,107765,107767,107769,107771,107773,107775],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,107760,635],{"class":100},[94,107762,105],{"class":104},[94,107764,10823],{"class":108},[94,107766,412],{"class":112},[94,107768,116],{"class":108},[94,107770,124],{"class":112},[94,107772,116],{"class":108},[94,107774,421],{"class":112},[94,107776,9641],{"class":108},[94,107778,107779,107781,107783,107785,107787,107789,107791,107793,107795],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,107780,2937],{"class":100},[94,107782,105],{"class":104},[94,107784,10823],{"class":108},[94,107786,763],{"class":112},[94,107788,116],{"class":108},[94,107790,421],{"class":112},[94,107792,116],{"class":108},[94,107794,624],{"class":112},[94,107796,9641],{"class":108},[94,107798,107799],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,107800,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,107802,107803,107805,107807,107809,107811,107813,107815,107817],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,107804,305],{"class":100},[94,107806,105],{"class":104},[94,107808,682],{"class":100},[94,107810,168],{"class":108},[94,107812,106946],{"class":152},[94,107814,149],{"class":108},[94,107816,1937],{"class":152},[94,107818,316],{"class":108},[94,107820,107821],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,107822,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,107824,107825,107827,107829,107831],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,107826,326],{"class":145},[94,107828,149],{"class":108},[94,107830,434],{"class":152},[94,107832,316],{"class":108},[94,107834,107835,107837,107839,107841],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,107836,326],{"class":145},[94,107838,149],{"class":108},[94,107840,902],{"class":152},[94,107842,316],{"class":108},[24,107844,371],{},[85,107846,107848],{"className":87,"code":107847,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n",[15,107849,107850,107866],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,107851,107852,107854,107856,107858,107860,107862,107864],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,107853,9610],{"class":108},[94,107855,412],{"class":112},[94,107857,116],{"class":108},[94,107859,124],{"class":112},[94,107861,116],{"class":108},[94,107863,421],{"class":112},[94,107865,9641],{"class":108},[94,107867,107868,107870,107872,107874,107876],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,107869,9610],{"class":108},[94,107871,763],{"class":112},[94,107873,116],{"class":108},[94,107875,421],{"class":112},[94,107877,9641],{"class":108},[265,107879,107881],{"id":107880},"intersection_update",[15,107882,107739],{},[28,107884,107885,107887],{},[31,107886,101783],{},[31,107888,107889],{},"Does not create a separate result set",[85,107891,107893],{"className":87,"code":107892,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\na.intersection_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,107894,107895,107915,107935,107939,107953,107957],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,107896,107897,107899,107901,107903,107905,107907,107909,107911,107913],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,107898,635],{"class":100},[94,107900,105],{"class":104},[94,107902,10823],{"class":108},[94,107904,412],{"class":112},[94,107906,116],{"class":108},[94,107908,124],{"class":112},[94,107910,116],{"class":108},[94,107912,421],{"class":112},[94,107914,9641],{"class":108},[94,107916,107917,107919,107921,107923,107925,107927,107929,107931,107933],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,107918,2937],{"class":100},[94,107920,105],{"class":104},[94,107922,10823],{"class":108},[94,107924,763],{"class":112},[94,107926,116],{"class":108},[94,107928,421],{"class":112},[94,107930,116],{"class":108},[94,107932,624],{"class":112},[94,107934,9641],{"class":108},[94,107936,107937],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,107938,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,107940,107941,107943,107945,107947,107949,107951],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,107942,434],{"class":100},[94,107944,168],{"class":108},[94,107946,107880],{"class":152},[94,107948,149],{"class":108},[94,107950,1937],{"class":152},[94,107952,316],{"class":108},[94,107954,107955],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,107956,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,107958,107959,107961,107963,107965],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,107960,326],{"class":145},[94,107962,149],{"class":108},[94,107964,434],{"class":152},[94,107966,316],{"class":108},[24,107968,371],{},[85,107970,107972],{"className":87,"code":107971,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"{2, 3}\n",[15,107973,107974],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,107975,107976,107978,107980,107982,107984],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,107977,9610],{"class":108},[94,107979,763],{"class":112},[94,107981,116],{"class":108},[94,107983,421],{"class":112},[94,107985,9641],{"class":108},[24,107987,107988,107989,107991],{},"Choose ",[15,107990,103094],{}," when you want to keep the original data unchanged.",[80,107993,4862],{"id":4861},[24,107995,15061,107996,384],{},[15,107997,103094],{},[28,107999,108000,108003,108006,108009],{},[31,108001,108002],{},"Expecting a list instead of a set",[31,108004,108005],{},"Assuming the output order will match the input order",[31,108007,108008],{},"Forgetting that duplicates are removed in sets",[31,108010,108011,108012],{},"Thinking the original set changes after calling ",[15,108013,103094],{},[24,108015,108016],{},"These are also common causes of confusion:",[28,108018,108019,108024,108027,108040],{},[31,108020,1484,108021,108023],{},[15,108022,103094],{}," when order matters",[31,108025,108026],{},"Using sets with duplicate values and expecting duplicates in the result",[31,108028,37533,108029,9037,108031,2167,108036],{},[15,108030,103094],{},[434,108032,108034],{"href":108033},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method",[15,108035,103102],{},[434,108037,108038],{"href":103143},[15,108039,100717],{},[31,108041,108042],{},"Expecting the method to update the original set",[24,108044,30466],{},[85,108046,108048],{"className":87,"code":108047,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(set1.intersection(set2))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,108049,108050,108060,108074,108092],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,108051,108052,108054,108056,108058],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,108053,326],{"class":145},[94,108055,149],{"class":108},[94,108057,15994],{"class":152},[94,108059,316],{"class":108},[94,108061,108062,108064,108066,108068,108070,108072],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,108063,326],{"class":145},[94,108065,149],{"class":108},[94,108067,914],{"class":913},[94,108069,149],{"class":108},[94,108071,902],{"class":152},[94,108073,921],{"class":108},[94,108075,108076,108078,108080,108082,108084,108086,108088,108090],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,108077,326],{"class":145},[94,108079,149],{"class":108},[94,108081,100888],{"class":152},[94,108083,168],{"class":108},[94,108085,106946],{"class":152},[94,108087,149],{"class":108},[94,108089,100897],{"class":152},[94,108091,921],{"class":108},[94,108093,108094,108096,108098,108100,108102,108104],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,108095,326],{"class":145},[94,108097,149],{"class":108},[94,108099,11490],{"class":145},[94,108101,149],{"class":108},[94,108103,902],{"class":152},[94,108105,921],{"class":108},[24,108107,2566],{},[85,108109,108111],{"className":87,"code":108110,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3}\nother = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = numbers.intersection(other)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,108112,108113,108137,108157,108161,108179,108183,108193,108203,108217],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,108114,108115,108117,108119,108121,108123,108125,108127,108129,108131,108133,108135],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,108116,101],{"class":100},[94,108118,105],{"class":104},[94,108120,10823],{"class":108},[94,108122,412],{"class":112},[94,108124,116],{"class":108},[94,108126,124],{"class":112},[94,108128,116],{"class":108},[94,108130,124],{"class":112},[94,108132,116],{"class":108},[94,108134,421],{"class":112},[94,108136,9641],{"class":108},[94,108138,108139,108141,108143,108145,108147,108149,108151,108153,108155],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,108140,43880],{"class":100},[94,108142,105],{"class":104},[94,108144,10823],{"class":108},[94,108146,763],{"class":112},[94,108148,116],{"class":108},[94,108150,421],{"class":112},[94,108152,116],{"class":108},[94,108154,624],{"class":112},[94,108156,9641],{"class":108},[94,108158,108159],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,108160,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,108162,108163,108165,108167,108169,108171,108173,108175,108177],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,108164,305],{"class":100},[94,108166,105],{"class":104},[94,108168,343],{"class":100},[94,108170,168],{"class":108},[94,108172,106946],{"class":152},[94,108174,149],{"class":108},[94,108176,31074],{"class":152},[94,108178,316],{"class":108},[94,108180,108181],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,108182,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,108184,108185,108187,108189,108191],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,108186,326],{"class":145},[94,108188,149],{"class":108},[94,108190,153],{"class":152},[94,108192,316],{"class":108},[94,108194,108195,108197,108199,108201],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,108196,326],{"class":145},[94,108198,149],{"class":108},[94,108200,902],{"class":152},[94,108202,316],{"class":108},[94,108204,108205,108207,108209,108211,108213,108215],{"class":96,"line":702},[94,108206,326],{"class":145},[94,108208,149],{"class":108},[94,108210,914],{"class":913},[94,108212,149],{"class":108},[94,108214,902],{"class":152},[94,108216,921],{"class":108},[94,108218,108219,108221,108223,108225,108227,108229],{"class":96,"line":6763},[94,108220,326],{"class":145},[94,108222,149],{"class":108},[94,108224,11490],{"class":145},[94,108226,149],{"class":108},[94,108228,902],{"class":152},[94,108230,921],{"class":108},[24,108232,371],{},[85,108234,108236],{"className":87,"code":108235,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n2\n",[15,108237,108238,108254,108266,108280],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,108239,108240,108242,108244,108246,108248,108250,108252],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,108241,9610],{"class":108},[94,108243,412],{"class":112},[94,108245,116],{"class":108},[94,108247,124],{"class":112},[94,108249,116],{"class":108},[94,108251,421],{"class":112},[94,108253,9641],{"class":108},[94,108255,108256,108258,108260,108262,108264],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,108257,9610],{"class":108},[94,108259,763],{"class":112},[94,108261,116],{"class":108},[94,108263,421],{"class":112},[94,108265,9641],{"class":108},[94,108267,108268,108270,108272,108274,108276,108278],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,108269,955],{"class":104},[94,108271,959],{"class":958},[94,108273,962],{"class":331},[94,108275,6619],{"class":335},[94,108277,968],{"class":331},[94,108279,971],{"class":104},[94,108281,108282],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,108283,17385],{"class":112},[24,108285,108286,108287,108289],{},"Notice that the duplicate ",[15,108288,763],{}," does not appear twice, because sets automatically remove duplicates.",[80,108291,2160],{"id":2159},[265,108293,13029,108295,103042],{"id":108294},"does-intersection-change-the-original-set",[15,108296,103094],{},[24,108298,103045],{},[265,108300,2191,108302,108304],{"id":108301},"can-intersection-be-used-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,108303,103094],{}," be used with more than two sets?",[24,108306,108307],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables, and it keeps only items found in all of them.",[265,108309,108311],{"id":108310},"why-is-the-result-in-a-different-order","Why is the result in a different order?",[24,108313,108314],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so their display order is not guaranteed.",[265,108316,108318],{"id":108317},"what-happens-if-there-are-no-common-items","What happens if there are no common items?",[24,108320,108321],{},"The method returns an empty set:",[85,108323,108324],{"className":87,"code":97761,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,108325,108326],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,108327,108328,108330],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,108329,6619],{"class":913},[94,108331,511],{"class":108},[80,108333,2232],{"id":2231},[28,108335,108336,108340,108347,108353],{},[31,108337,108338],{},[434,108339,96631],{"href":96630},[31,108341,108342],{},[434,108343,13,108344,567],{"href":108033},[15,108345,108346],{},"set.union()",[31,108348,108349],{},[434,108350,13,108351,567],{"href":103143},[15,108352,100722],{},[31,108354,108355],{},[434,108356,100647],{"href":105646},[2260,108358,108359],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":90,"searchDepth":130,"depth":130,"links":108361},[108362,108364,108365,108366,108367,108369,108374,108375,108383],{"id":106975,"depth":130,"text":108363},"What the intersection() method does",{"id":2513,"depth":130,"text":2514},{"id":17747,"depth":130,"text":17748},{"id":11804,"depth":130,"text":11805},{"id":107483,"depth":130,"text":108368},"Using intersection() with multiple sets",{"id":107734,"depth":130,"text":108370,"children":108371},"intersection() vs intersection_update()",[108372,108373],{"id":106946,"depth":137,"text":103094},{"id":107880,"depth":137,"text":107739},{"id":4861,"depth":130,"text":4862},{"id":2159,"depth":130,"text":2160,"children":108376},[108377,108379,108381,108382],{"id":108294,"depth":137,"text":108378},"Does intersection() change the original set?",{"id":108301,"depth":137,"text":108380},"Can intersection() be used with more than two sets?",{"id":108310,"depth":137,"text":108311},{"id":108317,"depth":137,"text":108318},{"id":2231,"depth":130,"text":2232},"Master python set intersection method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method",{"title":106868,"description":108384},"reference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method","WdT5ZeMbzzTuqFC6QHuwvJILep4wDplT8MIltw8e0fg",{"id":108391,"title":108392,"body":108393,"description":109629,"extension":2319,"meta":109630,"navigation":133,"path":109631,"seo":109632,"stem":109633,"__hash__":109634},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method.md","Python Set pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":108394,"toc":109596},[108395,108400,108406,108415,108417,108492,108497,108512,108522,108527,108531,108544,108548,108550,108565,108567,108583,108585,108660,108664,108667,108669,108686,108691,108746,108751,108763,108767,108770,108871,108873,108914,108917,108921,108928,108930,108955,108958,108976,108983,108989,108992,109074,109081,109084,109164,109173,109176,109181,109185,109199,109248,109253,109257,109268,109317,109328,109333,109337,109349,109398,109409,109411,109415,109438,109440,109497,109499,109513,109515,109521,109527,109533,109542,109546,109553,109557,109565,109567,109593],[10,108396,96503,108398,11651],{"id":108397},"python-set-pop-method",[15,108399,13088],{},[24,108401,108402,108405],{},[15,108403,108404],{},"set.pop()"," removes and returns one item from a set.",[24,108407,108408,108409,108411,108412,108414],{},"This method is useful when you want to take out any item, but you do ",[43,108410,45],{}," care which one. That is important because sets are unordered, so ",[15,108413,13088],{}," does not remove an item by position.",[80,108416,2361],{"id":2360},[85,108418,108420],{"className":87,"code":108419,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nremoved = items.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(items)\n",[15,108421,108422,108454,108468,108472,108482],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,108423,108424,108426,108428,108430,108432,108434,108436,108438,108440,108442,108444,108446,108448,108450,108452],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,108425,8113],{"class":100},[94,108427,105],{"class":104},[94,108429,10823],{"class":108},[94,108431,332],{"class":331},[94,108433,1332],{"class":335},[94,108435,332],{"class":331},[94,108437,116],{"class":108},[94,108439,1040],{"class":331},[94,108441,4432],{"class":335},[94,108443,332],{"class":331},[94,108445,116],{"class":108},[94,108447,1040],{"class":331},[94,108449,4441],{"class":335},[94,108451,332],{"class":331},[94,108453,9641],{"class":108},[94,108455,108456,108458,108460,108462,108464,108466],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,108457,70258],{"class":100},[94,108459,105],{"class":104},[94,108461,6297],{"class":100},[94,108463,168],{"class":108},[94,108465,26572],{"class":152},[94,108467,511],{"class":108},[94,108469,108470],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,108471,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,108473,108474,108476,108478,108480],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,108475,326],{"class":145},[94,108477,149],{"class":108},[94,108479,70281],{"class":152},[94,108481,316],{"class":108},[94,108483,108484,108486,108488,108490],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,108485,326],{"class":145},[94,108487,149],{"class":108},[94,108489,8144],{"class":152},[94,108491,316],{"class":108},[24,108493,108494],{},[43,108495,108496],{},"What this does:",[28,108498,108499,108504,108509],{},[31,108500,108501,108502],{},"Removes one item from ",[15,108503,8144],{},[31,108505,108506,108507],{},"Stores that removed item in ",[15,108508,70281],{},[31,108510,108511],{},"Prints the removed item and the updated set",[24,108513,108514,89265,108516,108518,108519,108521],{},[43,108515,84124],{},[15,108517,108404],{}," removes and returns one item from the set. The removed item is ",[43,108520,45],{}," chosen by index.",[80,108523,215,108525,218],{"id":108524},"what-setpop-does",[15,108526,108404],{},[24,108528,108529,384],{},[15,108530,108404],{},[28,108532,108533,108535,108538,108541],{},[31,108534,103345],{},[31,108536,108537],{},"Returns the removed item",[31,108539,108540],{},"Works only on non-empty sets",[31,108542,108543],{},"Does not take an index or value argument",[24,108545,96627,108546,168],{},[434,108547,96631],{"href":97802},[80,108549,2514],{"id":2513},[85,108551,108553],{"className":87,"code":108552,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"my_set.pop()\n",[15,108554,108555],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,108556,108557,108559,108561,108563],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,108558,15994],{"class":100},[94,108560,168],{"class":108},[94,108562,26572],{"class":152},[94,108564,511],{"class":108},[24,108566,13378],{},[28,108568,108569,108575,108580],{},[31,108570,108571,108572],{},"The syntax is ",[15,108573,108574],{},"my_set.pop()",[31,108576,108577,108578],{},"It takes ",[43,108579,29019],{},[31,108581,108582],{},"If you need the removed item, save the return value in a variable",[24,108584,2566],{},[85,108586,108588],{"className":87,"code":108587,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nitem = colors.pop()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,108589,108590,108622,108636,108640,108650],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,108591,108592,108594,108596,108598,108600,108602,108604,108606,108608,108610,108612,108614,108616,108618,108620],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,108593,13402],{"class":100},[94,108595,105],{"class":104},[94,108597,10823],{"class":108},[94,108599,332],{"class":331},[94,108601,13419],{"class":335},[94,108603,332],{"class":331},[94,108605,116],{"class":108},[94,108607,1040],{"class":331},[94,108609,13436],{"class":335},[94,108611,332],{"class":331},[94,108613,116],{"class":108},[94,108615,1040],{"class":331},[94,108617,17785],{"class":335},[94,108619,332],{"class":331},[94,108621,9641],{"class":108},[94,108623,108624,108626,108628,108630,108632,108634],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,108625,28869],{"class":100},[94,108627,105],{"class":104},[94,108629,13450],{"class":100},[94,108631,168],{"class":108},[94,108633,26572],{"class":152},[94,108635,511],{"class":108},[94,108637,108638],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,108639,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,108641,108642,108644,108646,108648],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,108643,326],{"class":145},[94,108645,149],{"class":108},[94,108647,23642],{"class":152},[94,108649,316],{"class":108},[94,108651,108652,108654,108656,108658],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,108653,326],{"class":145},[94,108655,149],{"class":108},[94,108657,17832],{"class":152},[94,108659,316],{"class":108},[80,108661,108663],{"id":108662},"important-behavior-to-understand","Important behavior to understand",[24,108665,108666],{},"Sets are unordered collections.",[24,108668,2463],{},[28,108670,108671,108677,108680],{},[31,108672,108673,108674,108676],{},"You cannot choose which item ",[15,108675,13088],{}," removes",[31,108678,108679],{},"The removed item may seem different across runs",[31,108681,108682,108683,108685],{},"You should not use ",[15,108684,13088],{}," when you need to remove a specific value",[24,108687,10793,108688,108690],{},[43,108689,45],{}," valid:",[85,108692,108694],{"className":87,"code":108693,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nfruits.pop(\"apple\")\n",[15,108695,108696,108728],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,108697,108698,108700,108702,108704,108706,108708,108710,108712,108714,108716,108718,108720,108722,108724,108726],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,108699,36567],{"class":100},[94,108701,105],{"class":104},[94,108703,10823],{"class":108},[94,108705,332],{"class":331},[94,108707,1332],{"class":335},[94,108709,332],{"class":331},[94,108711,116],{"class":108},[94,108713,1040],{"class":331},[94,108715,4432],{"class":335},[94,108717,332],{"class":331},[94,108719,116],{"class":108},[94,108721,1040],{"class":331},[94,108723,4441],{"class":335},[94,108725,332],{"class":331},[94,108727,9641],{"class":108},[94,108729,108730,108732,108734,108736,108738,108740,108742,108744],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,108731,36619],{"class":100},[94,108733,168],{"class":108},[94,108735,26572],{"class":152},[94,108737,149],{"class":108},[94,108739,332],{"class":331},[94,108741,1332],{"class":335},[94,108743,332],{"class":331},[94,108745,316],{"class":108},[24,108747,39984,108748,108750],{},[15,108749,108404],{}," does not accept a value.",[24,108752,108753,108754,2167,108758,168],{},"If you want to remove a specific item, use ",[434,108755,108756],{"href":98512},[15,108757,103171],{},[434,108759,108761],{"href":108760},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method\u002F",[15,108762,103162],{},[80,108764,108766],{"id":108765},"example-remove-one-item","Example: remove one item",[24,108768,108769],{},"Here is a simple example:",[85,108771,108773],{"className":87,"code":108772,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"animals = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"rabbit\"}\n\nremoved_animal = animals.pop()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_animal)\nprint(\"Updated set:\", animals)\n",[15,108774,108775,108809,108813,108829,108833,108852],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,108776,108777,108780,108782,108784,108786,108788,108790,108792,108794,108796,108798,108800,108802,108805,108807],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,108778,108779],{"class":100},"animals ",[94,108781,105],{"class":104},[94,108783,10823],{"class":108},[94,108785,332],{"class":331},[94,108787,37376],{"class":335},[94,108789,332],{"class":331},[94,108791,116],{"class":108},[94,108793,1040],{"class":331},[94,108795,58451],{"class":335},[94,108797,332],{"class":331},[94,108799,116],{"class":108},[94,108801,1040],{"class":331},[94,108803,108804],{"class":335},"rabbit",[94,108806,332],{"class":331},[94,108808,9641],{"class":108},[94,108810,108811],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,108812,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,108814,108815,108818,108820,108823,108825,108827],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,108816,108817],{"class":100},"removed_animal ",[94,108819,105],{"class":104},[94,108821,108822],{"class":100}," animals",[94,108824,168],{"class":108},[94,108826,26572],{"class":152},[94,108828,511],{"class":108},[94,108830,108831],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,108832,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,108834,108835,108837,108839,108841,108843,108845,108847,108850],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,108836,326],{"class":145},[94,108838,149],{"class":108},[94,108840,332],{"class":331},[94,108842,29287],{"class":335},[94,108844,332],{"class":331},[94,108846,116],{"class":108},[94,108848,108849],{"class":152}," removed_animal",[94,108851,316],{"class":108},[94,108853,108854,108856,108858,108860,108863,108865,108867,108869],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,108855,326],{"class":145},[94,108857,149],{"class":108},[94,108859,332],{"class":331},[94,108861,108862],{"class":335},"Updated set:",[94,108864,332],{"class":331},[94,108866,116],{"class":108},[94,108868,108822],{"class":152},[94,108870,316],{"class":108},[24,108872,30360],{},[85,108874,108876],{"className":87,"code":108875,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"Removed: dog\nUpdated set: {'cat', 'rabbit'}\n",[15,108877,108878,108887],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,108879,108880,108882,108884],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,108881,29329],{"class":100},[94,108883,384],{"class":108},[94,108885,108886],{"class":100}," dog\n",[94,108888,108889,108892,108894,108896,108898,108900,108902,108904,108906,108908,108910,108912],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,108890,108891],{"class":100},"Updated ",[94,108893,6619],{"class":913},[94,108895,384],{"class":108},[94,108897,10823],{"class":108},[94,108899,968],{"class":331},[94,108901,37376],{"class":335},[94,108903,968],{"class":331},[94,108905,116],{"class":108},[94,108907,962],{"class":331},[94,108909,108804],{"class":335},[94,108911,968],{"class":331},[94,108913,9641],{"class":108},[24,108915,108916],{},"Your output may be different because sets do not guarantee order.",[80,108918,108920],{"id":108919},"what-happens-with-an-empty-set","What happens with an empty set",[24,108922,29980,108923,108925,108926,168],{},[15,108924,13088],{}," on an empty set raises a ",[15,108927,20018],{},[24,108929,2566],{},[85,108931,108933],{"className":87,"code":108932,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"items = set()\nitems.pop()\n",[15,108934,108935,108945],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,108936,108937,108939,108941,108943],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,108938,8113],{"class":100},[94,108940,105],{"class":104},[94,108942,15961],{"class":913},[94,108944,511],{"class":108},[94,108946,108947,108949,108951,108953],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,108948,8144],{"class":100},[94,108950,168],{"class":108},[94,108952,26572],{"class":152},[94,108954,511],{"class":108},[24,108956,108957],{},"This raises:",[85,108959,108961],{"className":87,"code":108960,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"KeyError: 'pop from an empty set'\n",[15,108962,108963],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,108964,108965,108967,108969,108971,108974],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,108966,20018],{"class":913},[94,108968,384],{"class":108},[94,108970,962],{"class":331},[94,108972,108973],{"class":335},"pop from an empty set",[94,108975,30030],{"class":331},[24,108977,108978,108979,108982],{},"If needed, you can learn more about this kind of problem on the ",[434,108980,108981],{"href":11402},"KeyError in Python causes and fixes"," page.",[265,108984,108986,108987],{"id":108985},"check-before-calling-pop","Check before calling ",[15,108988,13088],{},[24,108990,108991],{},"A simple way to avoid the error is to check whether the set has items:",[85,108993,108995],{"className":87,"code":108994,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"items = set()\n\nif items:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nelse:\n    print(\"The set is empty.\")\n",[15,108996,108997,109007,109011,109019,109034,109053,109059],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,108998,108999,109001,109003,109005],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,109000,8113],{"class":100},[94,109002,105],{"class":104},[94,109004,15961],{"class":913},[94,109006,511],{"class":108},[94,109008,109009],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,109010,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,109012,109013,109015,109017],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,109014,7330],{"class":4221},[94,109016,6297],{"class":100},[94,109018,6726],{"class":108},[94,109020,109021,109024,109026,109028,109030,109032],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,109022,109023],{"class":100},"    removed ",[94,109025,105],{"class":104},[94,109027,6297],{"class":100},[94,109029,168],{"class":108},[94,109031,26572],{"class":152},[94,109033,511],{"class":108},[94,109035,109036,109038,109040,109042,109044,109046,109048,109051],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,109037,8404],{"class":145},[94,109039,149],{"class":108},[94,109041,332],{"class":331},[94,109043,29287],{"class":335},[94,109045,332],{"class":331},[94,109047,116],{"class":108},[94,109049,109050],{"class":152}," removed",[94,109052,316],{"class":108},[94,109054,109055,109057],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,109056,27765],{"class":4221},[94,109058,6726],{"class":108},[94,109060,109061,109063,109065,109067,109070,109072],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,109062,8404],{"class":145},[94,109064,149],{"class":108},[94,109066,332],{"class":331},[94,109068,109069],{"class":335},"The set is empty.",[94,109071,332],{"class":331},[94,109073,316],{"class":108},[265,109075,54,109077,1139,109079],{"id":109076},"use-try-and-except",[15,109078,30134],{},[15,109080,30165],{},[24,109082,109083],{},"You can also handle the error directly:",[85,109085,109087],{"className":87,"code":109086,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"items = set()\n\ntry:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot pop from an empty set.\")\n",[15,109088,109089,109099,109103,109109,109123,109141,109149],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,109090,109091,109093,109095,109097],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,109092,8113],{"class":100},[94,109094,105],{"class":104},[94,109096,15961],{"class":913},[94,109098,511],{"class":108},[94,109100,109101],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,109102,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,109104,109105,109107],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,109106,30134],{"class":4221},[94,109108,6726],{"class":108},[94,109110,109111,109113,109115,109117,109119,109121],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,109112,109023],{"class":100},[94,109114,105],{"class":104},[94,109116,6297],{"class":100},[94,109118,168],{"class":108},[94,109120,26572],{"class":152},[94,109122,511],{"class":108},[94,109124,109125,109127,109129,109131,109133,109135,109137,109139],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,109126,8404],{"class":145},[94,109128,149],{"class":108},[94,109130,332],{"class":331},[94,109132,29287],{"class":335},[94,109134,332],{"class":331},[94,109136,116],{"class":108},[94,109138,109050],{"class":152},[94,109140,316],{"class":108},[94,109142,109143,109145,109147],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,109144,30165],{"class":4221},[94,109146,30168],{"class":913},[94,109148,6726],{"class":108},[94,109150,109151,109153,109155,109157,109160,109162],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,109152,8404],{"class":145},[94,109154,149],{"class":108},[94,109156,332],{"class":331},[94,109158,109159],{"class":335},"Cannot pop from an empty set.",[94,109161,332],{"class":331},[94,109163,316],{"class":108},[80,109165,815,109167,18,109169,18,109171],{"id":109166},"when-to-use-pop-vs-remove-vs-discard",[15,109168,13088],{},[15,109170,55856],{},[15,109172,103157],{},[24,109174,109175],{},"These three methods all remove items from a set, but they are used in different situations.",[265,109177,54,109179],{"id":109178},"use-pop",[15,109180,13088],{},[24,109182,54,109183,822],{},[15,109184,13088],{},[28,109186,109187,109193,109196],{},[31,109188,109189,109190],{},"You want to remove ",[43,109191,109192],{},"any one item",[31,109194,109195],{},"You do not care which item is removed",[31,109197,109198],{},"You want the removed item returned",[85,109200,109202],{"className":87,"code":109201,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nvalue = numbers.pop()\nprint(value)\n",[15,109203,109204,109224,109238],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,109205,109206,109208,109210,109212,109214,109216,109218,109220,109222],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,109207,101],{"class":100},[94,109209,105],{"class":104},[94,109211,10823],{"class":108},[94,109213,412],{"class":112},[94,109215,116],{"class":108},[94,109217,124],{"class":112},[94,109219,116],{"class":108},[94,109221,421],{"class":112},[94,109223,9641],{"class":108},[94,109225,109226,109228,109230,109232,109234,109236],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,109227,2804],{"class":100},[94,109229,105],{"class":104},[94,109231,343],{"class":100},[94,109233,168],{"class":108},[94,109235,26572],{"class":152},[94,109237,511],{"class":108},[94,109239,109240,109242,109244,109246],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,109241,326],{"class":145},[94,109243,149],{"class":108},[94,109245,2829],{"class":152},[94,109247,316],{"class":108},[265,109249,54,109251],{"id":109250},"use-remove",[15,109252,55856],{},[24,109254,54,109255,822],{},[15,109256,55856],{},[28,109258,109259,109265],{},[31,109260,109261,109262],{},"You want to delete a ",[43,109263,109264],{},"specific item",[31,109266,109267],{},"You expect that item to be in the set",[85,109269,109271],{"className":87,"code":109270,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.remove(2)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,109272,109273,109293,109307],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,109274,109275,109277,109279,109281,109283,109285,109287,109289,109291],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,109276,101],{"class":100},[94,109278,105],{"class":104},[94,109280,10823],{"class":108},[94,109282,412],{"class":112},[94,109284,116],{"class":108},[94,109286,124],{"class":112},[94,109288,116],{"class":108},[94,109290,421],{"class":112},[94,109292,9641],{"class":108},[94,109294,109295,109297,109299,109301,109303,109305],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,109296,153],{"class":100},[94,109298,168],{"class":108},[94,109300,35124],{"class":152},[94,109302,149],{"class":108},[94,109304,763],{"class":112},[94,109306,316],{"class":108},[94,109308,109309,109311,109313,109315],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,109310,326],{"class":145},[94,109312,149],{"class":108},[94,109314,153],{"class":152},[94,109316,316],{"class":108},[24,109318,109319,109320,109322,109323,109327],{},"If the item is missing, ",[15,109321,55856],{}," raises an error. See the ",[434,109324,109325,567],{"href":98512},[15,109326,103171],{}," for details.",[265,109329,54,109331],{"id":109330},"use-discard",[15,109332,103157],{},[24,109334,54,109335,822],{},[15,109336,103157],{},[28,109338,109339,109343],{},[31,109340,109261,109341],{},[43,109342,109264],{},[31,109344,109345,109346,109348],{},"You do ",[43,109347,45],{}," want an error if the item is missing",[85,109350,109352],{"className":87,"code":109351,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(5)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,109353,109354,109374,109388],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,109355,109356,109358,109360,109362,109364,109366,109368,109370,109372],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,109357,101],{"class":100},[94,109359,105],{"class":104},[94,109361,10823],{"class":108},[94,109363,412],{"class":112},[94,109365,116],{"class":108},[94,109367,124],{"class":112},[94,109369,116],{"class":108},[94,109371,421],{"class":112},[94,109373,9641],{"class":108},[94,109375,109376,109378,109380,109382,109384,109386],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,109377,153],{"class":100},[94,109379,168],{"class":108},[94,109381,103224],{"class":152},[94,109383,149],{"class":108},[94,109385,615],{"class":112},[94,109387,316],{"class":108},[94,109389,109390,109392,109394,109396],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,109391,326],{"class":145},[94,109393,149],{"class":108},[94,109395,153],{"class":152},[94,109397,316],{"class":108},[24,109399,109400,109401,109403,109404,109408],{},"This does nothing if ",[15,109402,615],{}," is not in the set. See the ",[434,109405,109406,567],{"href":108760},[15,109407,103162],{}," for more examples.",[80,109410,3186],{"id":3185},[24,109412,71804,109413,384],{},[15,109414,108404],{},[28,109416,109417,109423,109428,109433],{},[31,109418,109419,109420],{},"Trying to pass a value like ",[15,109421,109422],{},"my_set.pop(\"apple\")",[31,109424,8786,109425,109427],{},[15,109426,13088],{}," to remove the first or last item",[31,109429,29980,109430,109432],{},[15,109431,13088],{}," on an empty set",[31,109434,1484,109435,109437],{},[15,109436,13088],{}," when you need to remove a specific item",[24,109439,62620],{},[85,109441,109443],{"className":87,"code":109442,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint(type(my_set))\nitem = my_set.pop()\n",[15,109444,109445,109455,109469,109483],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,109446,109447,109449,109451,109453],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,109448,326],{"class":145},[94,109450,149],{"class":108},[94,109452,15994],{"class":152},[94,109454,316],{"class":108},[94,109456,109457,109459,109461,109463,109465,109467],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,109458,326],{"class":145},[94,109460,149],{"class":108},[94,109462,11490],{"class":145},[94,109464,149],{"class":108},[94,109466,15994],{"class":152},[94,109468,921],{"class":108},[94,109470,109471,109473,109475,109477,109479,109481],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,109472,326],{"class":145},[94,109474,149],{"class":108},[94,109476,914],{"class":913},[94,109478,149],{"class":108},[94,109480,15994],{"class":152},[94,109482,921],{"class":108},[94,109484,109485,109487,109489,109491,109493,109495],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,109486,28869],{"class":100},[94,109488,105],{"class":104},[94,109490,97227],{"class":100},[94,109492,168],{"class":108},[94,109494,26572],{"class":152},[94,109496,511],{"class":108},[24,109498,26340],{},[28,109500,109501,109504,109507,109510],{},[31,109502,109503],{},"What values are in the set",[31,109505,109506],{},"Whether the set is empty",[31,109508,109509],{},"That the object is really a set",[31,109511,109512],{},"What value was actually removed",[80,109514,2160],{"id":2159},[265,109516,13029,109518,109520],{"id":109517},"does-setpop-remove-the-first-item",[15,109519,108404],{}," remove the first item?",[24,109522,109523,109524,109526],{},"No. Sets do not keep order in the way lists do, so ",[15,109525,13088],{}," removes an arbitrary item.",[265,109528,109530,109531,2170],{"id":109529},"can-i-use-an-index-with-setpop","Can I use an index with ",[15,109532,108404],{},[24,109534,109535,109536,109538,109539,109541],{},"No. Unlike list ",[15,109537,13088],{},", set ",[15,109540,13088],{}," does not accept an index.",[265,109543,109545],{"id":109544},"what-error-happens-if-the-set-is-empty","What error happens if the set is empty?",[24,109547,71973,109548,44961,109550,109552],{},[15,109549,20018],{},[15,109551,13088],{}," is called on an empty set.",[265,109554,109556],{"id":109555},"how-do-i-remove-a-specific-item-from-a-set","How do I remove a specific item from a set?",[24,109558,54,109559,2167,109561,11420,109563,168],{},[15,109560,55856],{},[15,109562,103157],{},[15,109564,13088],{},[80,109566,2232],{"id":2231},[28,109568,109569,109573,109579,109585,109589],{},[31,109570,109571],{},[434,109572,96631],{"href":97802},[31,109574,109575],{},[434,109576,97117,109577,567],{"href":98512},[15,109578,55856],{},[31,109580,109581],{},[434,109582,97117,109583,567],{"href":108760},[15,109584,103157],{},[31,109586,109587],{},[434,109588,11591],{"href":11402},[31,109590,109591],{},[434,109592,55842],{"href":55395},[2260,109594,109595],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":90,"searchDepth":130,"depth":130,"links":109597},[109598,109599,109601,109602,109603,109604,109610,109619,109620,109628],{"id":2360,"depth":130,"text":2361},{"id":108524,"depth":130,"text":109600},"What set.pop() does",{"id":2513,"depth":130,"text":2514},{"id":108662,"depth":130,"text":108663},{"id":108765,"depth":130,"text":108766},{"id":108919,"depth":130,"text":108920,"children":109605},[109606,109608],{"id":108985,"depth":137,"text":109607},"Check before calling pop()",{"id":109076,"depth":137,"text":109609},"Use try and except",{"id":109166,"depth":130,"text":109611,"children":109612},"When to use pop() vs remove() vs discard()",[109613,109615,109617],{"id":109178,"depth":137,"text":109614},"Use pop()",{"id":109250,"depth":137,"text":109616},"Use remove()",{"id":109330,"depth":137,"text":109618},"Use discard()",{"id":3185,"depth":130,"text":3186},{"id":2159,"depth":130,"text":2160,"children":109621},[109622,109624,109626,109627],{"id":109517,"depth":137,"text":109623},"Does set.pop() remove the first item?",{"id":109529,"depth":137,"text":109625},"Can I use an index with set.pop()?",{"id":109544,"depth":137,"text":109545},{"id":109555,"depth":137,"text":109556},{"id":2231,"depth":130,"text":2232},"Master python set pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method",{"title":108392,"description":109629},"reference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method","HnjrB6euDyN20pcN7QQuCb2VArpBGb8ME-qhQl7T8YY",{"id":109636,"title":109637,"body":109638,"description":110792,"extension":2319,"meta":110793,"navigation":133,"path":110794,"seo":110795,"stem":110796,"__hash__":110797},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method.md","Python Set remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":109639,"toc":110760},[109640,109645,109650,109659,109661,109726,109730,109754,109761,109766,109770,109785,109788,109790,109809,109823,109826,109874,109878,109894,109896,109969,109973,109998,110004,110012,110016,110023,110078,110083,110100,110106,110112,110117,110125,110132,110136,110144,110199,110201,110218,110222,110229,110294,110298,110331,110333,110345,110352,110354,110359,110366,110368,110437,110441,110449,110451,110515,110519,110524,110571,110576,110644,110652,110659,110662,110668,110673,110677,110679,110682,110684,110689,110694,110700,110705,110712,110720,110726,110729,110731,110757],[10,109641,96503,109643,11651],{"id":109642},"python-set-remove-method",[15,109644,55856],{},[24,109646,109647,109649],{},[15,109648,103171],{}," deletes one specific value from a set.",[24,109651,109652,109653,109656,109657,168],{},"Use it when you want to remove an item ",[43,109654,109655],{},"and you expect that item to be present",". If the item is missing, Python raises a ",[15,109658,20018],{},[80,109660,2361],{"id":2360},[85,109662,109664],{"className":87,"code":109663,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,109665,109666,109698,109716],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,109667,109668,109670,109672,109674,109676,109678,109680,109682,109684,109686,109688,109690,109692,109694,109696],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,109669,13402],{"class":100},[94,109671,105],{"class":104},[94,109673,10823],{"class":108},[94,109675,332],{"class":331},[94,109677,13419],{"class":335},[94,109679,332],{"class":331},[94,109681,116],{"class":108},[94,109683,1040],{"class":331},[94,109685,13436],{"class":335},[94,109687,332],{"class":331},[94,109689,116],{"class":108},[94,109691,1040],{"class":331},[94,109693,17785],{"class":335},[94,109695,332],{"class":331},[94,109697,9641],{"class":108},[94,109699,109700,109702,109704,109706,109708,109710,109712,109714],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,109701,17832],{"class":100},[94,109703,168],{"class":108},[94,109705,35124],{"class":152},[94,109707,149],{"class":108},[94,109709,332],{"class":331},[94,109711,13436],{"class":335},[94,109713,332],{"class":331},[94,109715,316],{"class":108},[94,109717,109718,109720,109722,109724],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,109719,326],{"class":145},[94,109721,149],{"class":108},[94,109723,17832],{"class":152},[94,109725,316],{"class":108},[24,109727,109728],{},[43,109729,30360],{},[85,109731,109732],{"className":87,"code":103851,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,109733,109734],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,109735,109736,109738,109740,109742,109744,109746,109748,109750,109752],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,109737,9610],{"class":108},[94,109739,968],{"class":331},[94,109741,13419],{"class":335},[94,109743,968],{"class":331},[94,109745,116],{"class":108},[94,109747,962],{"class":331},[94,109749,17785],{"class":335},[94,109751,968],{"class":331},[94,109753,9641],{"class":108},[24,109755,54,109756,109758,109759,168],{},[15,109757,55856],{}," to delete a value from a set. If the value is not in the set, Python raises a ",[15,109760,20018],{},[80,109762,215,109764,218],{"id":109763},"what-setremove-does",[15,109765,103171],{},[24,109767,109768,384],{},[15,109769,103171],{},[28,109771,109772,109775,109777,109779],{},[31,109773,109774],{},"Removes one specific value from a set",[31,109776,96618],{},[31,109778,96621],{},[31,109780,109781,109782,109784],{},"Raises ",[15,109783,20018],{}," if the value is missing",[24,109786,109787],{},"This means the set itself is updated. You do not need to assign the result to a new variable.",[80,109789,2514],{"id":2513},[85,109791,109793],{"className":87,"code":109792,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"my_set.remove(value)\n",[15,109794,109795],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,109796,109797,109799,109801,109803,109805,109807],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,109798,15994],{"class":100},[94,109800,168],{"class":108},[94,109802,35124],{"class":152},[94,109804,149],{"class":108},[94,109806,2829],{"class":152},[94,109808,316],{"class":108},[28,109810,109811,109815,109820],{},[31,109812,109813,103393],{},[15,109814,15994],{},[31,109816,109817,109819],{},[15,109818,2829],{}," is the item to remove",[31,109821,109822],{},"Use this method when you expect the item to exist",[24,109824,109825],{},"Here is a small example:",[85,109827,109828],{"className":87,"code":109270,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,109829,109830,109850,109864],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,109831,109832,109834,109836,109838,109840,109842,109844,109846,109848],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,109833,101],{"class":100},[94,109835,105],{"class":104},[94,109837,10823],{"class":108},[94,109839,412],{"class":112},[94,109841,116],{"class":108},[94,109843,124],{"class":112},[94,109845,116],{"class":108},[94,109847,421],{"class":112},[94,109849,9641],{"class":108},[94,109851,109852,109854,109856,109858,109860,109862],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,109853,153],{"class":100},[94,109855,168],{"class":108},[94,109857,35124],{"class":152},[94,109859,149],{"class":108},[94,109861,763],{"class":112},[94,109863,316],{"class":108},[94,109865,109866,109868,109870,109872],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,109867,326],{"class":145},[94,109869,149],{"class":108},[94,109871,153],{"class":152},[94,109873,316],{"class":108},[24,109875,109876],{},[43,109877,30360],{},[85,109879,109880],{"className":87,"code":101601,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,109881,109882],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,109883,109884,109886,109888,109890,109892],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,109885,9610],{"class":108},[94,109887,412],{"class":112},[94,109889,116],{"class":108},[94,109891,421],{"class":112},[94,109893,9641],{"class":108},[80,109895,11805],{"id":11804},[85,109897,109899],{"className":87,"code":109898,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.remove(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,109900,109901,109933,109937,109955,109959],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,109902,109903,109905,109907,109909,109911,109913,109915,109917,109919,109921,109923,109925,109927,109929,109931],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,109904,36567],{"class":100},[94,109906,105],{"class":104},[94,109908,10823],{"class":108},[94,109910,332],{"class":331},[94,109912,1332],{"class":335},[94,109914,332],{"class":331},[94,109916,116],{"class":108},[94,109918,1040],{"class":331},[94,109920,4432],{"class":335},[94,109922,332],{"class":331},[94,109924,116],{"class":108},[94,109926,1040],{"class":331},[94,109928,33552],{"class":335},[94,109930,332],{"class":331},[94,109932,9641],{"class":108},[94,109934,109935],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,109936,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,109938,109939,109941,109943,109945,109947,109949,109951,109953],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,109940,36619],{"class":100},[94,109942,168],{"class":108},[94,109944,35124],{"class":152},[94,109946,149],{"class":108},[94,109948,332],{"class":331},[94,109950,4432],{"class":335},[94,109952,332],{"class":331},[94,109954,316],{"class":108},[94,109956,109957],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,109958,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,109960,109961,109963,109965,109967],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,109962,326],{"class":145},[94,109964,149],{"class":108},[94,109966,36619],{"class":152},[94,109968,316],{"class":108},[24,109970,109971],{},[43,109972,30360],{},[85,109974,109976],{"className":87,"code":109975,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"{'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,109977,109978],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,109979,109980,109982,109984,109986,109988,109990,109992,109994,109996],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,109981,9610],{"class":108},[94,109983,968],{"class":331},[94,109985,1332],{"class":335},[94,109987,968],{"class":331},[94,109989,116],{"class":108},[94,109991,962],{"class":331},[94,109993,33552],{"class":335},[94,109995,968],{"class":331},[94,109997,9641],{"class":108},[24,109999,110000,110001,110003],{},"This removes ",[15,110002,65598],{}," from the set.",[24,110005,110006,110007,110009,110010,168],{},"A set does ",[43,110008,45],{}," keep items in a fixed order, so your printed output may appear in a different order. If you are new to sets, see ",[434,110011,96635],{"href":98186},[80,110013,110015],{"id":110014},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-found","What happens if the item is not found",[24,110017,110018,110019,52824,110021,168],{},"If the value is not in the set, ",[15,110020,55856],{},[15,110022,20018],{},[85,110024,110026],{"className":87,"code":110025,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"yellow\")\n",[15,110027,110028,110060],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,110029,110030,110032,110034,110036,110038,110040,110042,110044,110046,110048,110050,110052,110054,110056,110058],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,110031,13402],{"class":100},[94,110033,105],{"class":104},[94,110035,10823],{"class":108},[94,110037,332],{"class":331},[94,110039,13419],{"class":335},[94,110041,332],{"class":331},[94,110043,116],{"class":108},[94,110045,1040],{"class":331},[94,110047,13436],{"class":335},[94,110049,332],{"class":331},[94,110051,116],{"class":108},[94,110053,1040],{"class":331},[94,110055,17785],{"class":335},[94,110057,332],{"class":331},[94,110059,9641],{"class":108},[94,110061,110062,110064,110066,110068,110070,110072,110074,110076],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,110063,17832],{"class":100},[94,110065,168],{"class":108},[94,110067,35124],{"class":152},[94,110069,149],{"class":108},[94,110071,332],{"class":331},[94,110073,22855],{"class":335},[94,110075,332],{"class":331},[94,110077,316],{"class":108},[24,110079,110080],{},[43,110081,110082],{},"Result:",[85,110084,110086],{"className":87,"code":110085,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"KeyError: 'yellow'\n",[15,110087,110088],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,110089,110090,110092,110094,110096,110098],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,110091,20018],{"class":913},[94,110093,384],{"class":108},[94,110095,962],{"class":331},[94,110097,22855],{"class":335},[94,110099,30030],{"class":331},[24,110101,22520,110102,110105],{},[15,110103,110104],{},"\"yellow\""," is not in the set.",[24,110107,110108,110109,110111],{},"This behavior is useful when a missing value should be treated as a real problem. For example, if your program assumes the item must be there, ",[15,110110,55856],{}," helps you notice the mistake immediately.",[24,110113,110114,110115,168],{},"If your code is failing with this error, see ",[434,110116,11591],{"href":11402},[80,110118,4542,110120,110122,110123],{"id":110119},"how-remove-is-different-from-discard",[15,110121,55856],{}," is different from ",[15,110124,103157],{},[24,110126,110127,1139,110129,110131],{},[15,110128,55856],{},[15,110130,103157],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the item is missing.",[265,110133,110134],{"id":35124},[15,110135,55856],{},[28,110137,110138,110141],{},[31,110139,110140],{},"Removes the item if it exists",[31,110142,110143],{},"Raises an error if the item is missing",[85,110145,110147],{"className":87,"code":110146,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.remove(\"d\")\n",[15,110148,110149,110181],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,110150,110151,110153,110155,110157,110159,110161,110163,110165,110167,110169,110171,110173,110175,110177,110179],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,110152,36418],{"class":100},[94,110154,105],{"class":104},[94,110156,10823],{"class":108},[94,110158,332],{"class":331},[94,110160,434],{"class":335},[94,110162,332],{"class":331},[94,110164,116],{"class":108},[94,110166,1040],{"class":331},[94,110168,1937],{"class":335},[94,110170,332],{"class":331},[94,110172,116],{"class":108},[94,110174,1040],{"class":331},[94,110176,1946],{"class":335},[94,110178,332],{"class":331},[94,110180,9641],{"class":108},[94,110182,110183,110185,110187,110189,110191,110193,110195,110197],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,110184,36471],{"class":100},[94,110186,168],{"class":108},[94,110188,35124],{"class":152},[94,110190,149],{"class":108},[94,110192,332],{"class":331},[94,110194,19098],{"class":335},[94,110196,332],{"class":331},[94,110198,316],{"class":108},[24,110200,108957],{},[85,110202,110204],{"className":87,"code":110203,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"KeyError: 'd'\n",[15,110205,110206],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,110207,110208,110210,110212,110214,110216],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,110209,20018],{"class":913},[94,110211,384],{"class":108},[94,110213,962],{"class":331},[94,110215,19098],{"class":335},[94,110217,30030],{"class":331},[265,110219,110220],{"id":103224},[15,110221,103157],{},[28,110223,110224,110226],{},[31,110225,110140],{},[31,110227,110228],{},"Does nothing if the item is missing",[85,110230,110232],{"className":87,"code":110231,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"d\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,110233,110234,110266,110284],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,110235,110236,110238,110240,110242,110244,110246,110248,110250,110252,110254,110256,110258,110260,110262,110264],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,110237,36418],{"class":100},[94,110239,105],{"class":104},[94,110241,10823],{"class":108},[94,110243,332],{"class":331},[94,110245,434],{"class":335},[94,110247,332],{"class":331},[94,110249,116],{"class":108},[94,110251,1040],{"class":331},[94,110253,1937],{"class":335},[94,110255,332],{"class":331},[94,110257,116],{"class":108},[94,110259,1040],{"class":331},[94,110261,1946],{"class":335},[94,110263,332],{"class":331},[94,110265,9641],{"class":108},[94,110267,110268,110270,110272,110274,110276,110278,110280,110282],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,110269,36471],{"class":100},[94,110271,168],{"class":108},[94,110273,103224],{"class":152},[94,110275,149],{"class":108},[94,110277,332],{"class":331},[94,110279,19098],{"class":335},[94,110281,332],{"class":331},[94,110283,316],{"class":108},[94,110285,110286,110288,110290,110292],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,110287,326],{"class":145},[94,110289,149],{"class":108},[94,110291,36471],{"class":152},[94,110293,316],{"class":108},[24,110295,110296],{},[43,110297,371],{},[85,110299,110301],{"className":87,"code":110300,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"{'a', 'b', 'c'}\n",[15,110302,110303],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,110304,110305,110307,110309,110311,110313,110315,110317,110319,110321,110323,110325,110327,110329],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,110306,9610],{"class":108},[94,110308,968],{"class":331},[94,110310,434],{"class":335},[94,110312,968],{"class":331},[94,110314,116],{"class":108},[94,110316,962],{"class":331},[94,110318,1937],{"class":335},[94,110320,968],{"class":331},[94,110322,116],{"class":108},[94,110324,962],{"class":331},[94,110326,1946],{"class":335},[94,110328,968],{"class":331},[94,110330,9641],{"class":108},[24,110332,19025],{},[28,110334,110335,110340],{},[31,110336,110337,110339],{},[15,110338,55856],{}," when missing values should be noticed",[31,110341,110342,110344],{},[15,110343,103157],{}," when you want to avoid errors",[24,110346,110347,110348,168],{},"If you want a full method reference, see ",[434,110349,97117,110350,567],{"href":108760},[15,110351,103157],{},[80,110353,4862],{"id":4861},[265,110355,8786,110357,97497],{"id":110356},"expecting-remove-to-return-the-updated-set",[15,110358,55856],{},[24,110360,110361,110363,110364,168],{},[15,110362,55856],{}," changes the original set and returns ",[15,110365,77],{},[24,110367,16972],{},[85,110369,110371],{"className":87,"code":110370,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nnew_colors = colors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,110372,110373,110405,110427],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,110374,110375,110377,110379,110381,110383,110385,110387,110389,110391,110393,110395,110397,110399,110401,110403],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,110376,13402],{"class":100},[94,110378,105],{"class":104},[94,110380,10823],{"class":108},[94,110382,332],{"class":331},[94,110384,13419],{"class":335},[94,110386,332],{"class":331},[94,110388,116],{"class":108},[94,110390,1040],{"class":331},[94,110392,13436],{"class":335},[94,110394,332],{"class":331},[94,110396,116],{"class":108},[94,110398,1040],{"class":331},[94,110400,17785],{"class":335},[94,110402,332],{"class":331},[94,110404,9641],{"class":108},[94,110406,110407,110409,110411,110413,110415,110417,110419,110421,110423,110425],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,110408,13445],{"class":100},[94,110410,105],{"class":104},[94,110412,13450],{"class":100},[94,110414,168],{"class":108},[94,110416,35124],{"class":152},[94,110418,149],{"class":108},[94,110420,332],{"class":331},[94,110422,13436],{"class":335},[94,110424,332],{"class":331},[94,110426,316],{"class":108},[94,110428,110429,110431,110433,110435],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,110430,326],{"class":145},[94,110432,149],{"class":108},[94,110434,13469],{"class":152},[94,110436,316],{"class":108},[24,110438,110439],{},[43,110440,371],{},[85,110442,110443],{"className":87,"code":1593,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,110444,110445],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,110446,110447],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,110448,1593],{"class":1224},[24,110450,16984],{},[85,110452,110453],{"className":87,"code":109663,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,110454,110455,110487,110505],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,110456,110457,110459,110461,110463,110465,110467,110469,110471,110473,110475,110477,110479,110481,110483,110485],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,110458,13402],{"class":100},[94,110460,105],{"class":104},[94,110462,10823],{"class":108},[94,110464,332],{"class":331},[94,110466,13419],{"class":335},[94,110468,332],{"class":331},[94,110470,116],{"class":108},[94,110472,1040],{"class":331},[94,110474,13436],{"class":335},[94,110476,332],{"class":331},[94,110478,116],{"class":108},[94,110480,1040],{"class":331},[94,110482,17785],{"class":335},[94,110484,332],{"class":331},[94,110486,9641],{"class":108},[94,110488,110489,110491,110493,110495,110497,110499,110501,110503],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,110490,17832],{"class":100},[94,110492,168],{"class":108},[94,110494,35124],{"class":152},[94,110496,149],{"class":108},[94,110498,332],{"class":331},[94,110500,13436],{"class":335},[94,110502,332],{"class":331},[94,110504,316],{"class":108},[94,110506,110507,110509,110511,110513],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,110508,326],{"class":145},[94,110510,149],{"class":108},[94,110512,17832],{"class":152},[94,110514,316],{"class":108},[265,110516,110518],{"id":110517},"trying-to-remove-a-value-that-is-not-present","Trying to remove a value that is not present",[24,110520,110521,110522,168],{},"If the value is missing, you get a ",[15,110523,20018],{},[85,110525,110527],{"className":87,"code":110526,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,110528,110529,110553],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,110530,110531,110533,110535,110537,110539,110541,110543,110545,110547,110549,110551],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,110532,13402],{"class":100},[94,110534,105],{"class":104},[94,110536,10823],{"class":108},[94,110538,332],{"class":331},[94,110540,13419],{"class":335},[94,110542,332],{"class":331},[94,110544,116],{"class":108},[94,110546,1040],{"class":331},[94,110548,13436],{"class":335},[94,110550,332],{"class":331},[94,110552,9641],{"class":108},[94,110554,110555,110557,110559,110561,110563,110565,110567,110569],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,110556,17832],{"class":100},[94,110558,168],{"class":108},[94,110560,35124],{"class":152},[94,110562,149],{"class":108},[94,110564,332],{"class":331},[94,110566,17785],{"class":335},[94,110568,332],{"class":331},[94,110570,316],{"class":108},[24,110572,110573,110574,384],{},"To check first, you can use ",[15,110575,4228],{},[85,110577,110579],{"className":87,"code":110578,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\n\nif \"green\" in colors:\n    colors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,110580,110581,110605,110609,110625],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,110582,110583,110585,110587,110589,110591,110593,110595,110597,110599,110601,110603],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,110584,13402],{"class":100},[94,110586,105],{"class":104},[94,110588,10823],{"class":108},[94,110590,332],{"class":331},[94,110592,13419],{"class":335},[94,110594,332],{"class":331},[94,110596,116],{"class":108},[94,110598,1040],{"class":331},[94,110600,13436],{"class":335},[94,110602,332],{"class":331},[94,110604,9641],{"class":108},[94,110606,110607],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,110608,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,110610,110611,110613,110615,110617,110619,110621,110623],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,110612,7330],{"class":4221},[94,110614,1040],{"class":331},[94,110616,17785],{"class":335},[94,110618,332],{"class":331},[94,110620,21505],{"class":104},[94,110622,13450],{"class":100},[94,110624,6726],{"class":108},[94,110626,110627,110630,110632,110634,110636,110638,110640,110642],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,110628,110629],{"class":100},"    colors",[94,110631,168],{"class":108},[94,110633,35124],{"class":152},[94,110635,149],{"class":108},[94,110637,332],{"class":331},[94,110639,17785],{"class":335},[94,110641,332],{"class":331},[94,110643,316],{"class":108},[24,110645,110646,110647,110651],{},"Or use ",[434,110648,110649],{"href":108760},[15,110650,103157],{}," if missing values are acceptable.",[265,110653,37533,110655,9037,110657],{"id":110654},"confusing-setremove-with-listremove",[15,110656,103171],{},[15,110658,55403],{},[24,110660,110661],{},"Sets do not store duplicates.",[24,110663,110664,110665,110667],{},"A list can contain repeated values, but a set cannot. That means ",[15,110666,103171],{}," removes a value from a collection where each item is unique.",[24,110669,110670,110671,168],{},"If you are working with lists and duplicates, you may also want to read ",[434,110672,99381],{"href":99380},[265,110674,110676],{"id":110675},"assuming-sets-keep-item-order","Assuming sets keep item order",[24,110678,108666],{},[24,110680,110681],{},"After removing an item, do not expect the remaining items to stay in a specific order when printed.",[80,110683,2160],{"id":2159},[265,110685,13029,110687,97596],{"id":110686},"does-setremove-return-a-new-set",[15,110688,103171],{},[24,110690,110691,110692,168],{},"No. It changes the original set and returns ",[15,110693,77],{},[265,110695,30618,110697,110699],{"id":110696},"what-error-does-setremove-raise",[15,110698,103171],{}," raise?",[24,110701,30624,110702,110704],{},[15,110703,20018],{}," if the value is not in the set.",[265,110706,21752,110708,2167,110710,2170],{"id":110707},"should-i-use-remove-or-discard",[15,110709,55856],{},[15,110711,103157],{},[24,110713,54,110714,110716,110717,110719],{},[15,110715,55856],{}," when the item should exist. Use ",[15,110718,103157],{}," when missing items are acceptable.",[265,110721,2191,110723,110725],{"id":110722},"can-setremove-remove-multiple-items-at-once",[15,110724,103171],{}," remove multiple items at once?",[24,110727,110728],{},"No. It removes one item at a time. For multiple items, use a loop or another set operation.",[80,110730,2232],{"id":2231},[28,110732,110733,110739,110745,110749,110753],{},[31,110734,110735],{},[434,110736,97117,110737,567],{"href":108760},[15,110738,103157],{},[31,110740,110741],{},[434,110742,97117,110743,567],{"href":98517},[15,110744,13088],{},[31,110746,110747],{},[434,110748,97641],{"href":98186},[31,110750,110751],{},[434,110752,100647],{"href":99380},[31,110754,110755],{},[434,110756,11591],{"href":11402},[2260,110758,110759],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":90,"searchDepth":130,"depth":130,"links":110761},[110762,110763,110765,110766,110767,110768,110773,110781,110791],{"id":2360,"depth":130,"text":2361},{"id":109763,"depth":130,"text":110764},"What set.remove() does",{"id":2513,"depth":130,"text":2514},{"id":11804,"depth":130,"text":11805},{"id":110014,"depth":130,"text":110015},{"id":110119,"depth":130,"text":110769,"children":110770},"How remove() is different from discard()",[110771,110772],{"id":35124,"depth":137,"text":55856},{"id":103224,"depth":137,"text":103157},{"id":4861,"depth":130,"text":4862,"children":110774},[110775,110777,110778,110780],{"id":110356,"depth":137,"text":110776},"Expecting remove() to return the updated set",{"id":110517,"depth":137,"text":110518},{"id":110654,"depth":137,"text":110779},"Confusing set.remove() with list.remove()",{"id":110675,"depth":137,"text":110676},{"id":2159,"depth":130,"text":2160,"children":110782},[110783,110785,110787,110789],{"id":110686,"depth":137,"text":110784},"Does set.remove() return a new set?",{"id":110696,"depth":137,"text":110786},"What error does set.remove() raise?",{"id":110707,"depth":137,"text":110788},"Should I use remove() or discard()?",{"id":110722,"depth":137,"text":110790},"Can set.remove() remove multiple items at once?",{"id":2231,"depth":130,"text":2232},"Master python set remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method",{"title":109637,"description":110792},"reference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method","rqj96TKU47GbniERUcyXRFNr3Q0LLY8S8sJgEZ7LbL0",{"id":110799,"title":110800,"body":110801,"description":112174,"extension":2319,"meta":112175,"navigation":133,"path":112176,"seo":112177,"stem":112178,"__hash__":112179},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method.md","Python Set symmetric_difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":110802,"toc":112149},[110803,110809,110815,110818,110821,110835,110837,110918,110921,110926,110930,110944,110951,110953,110972,110975,110993,110995,111075,111077,111102,111106,111109,111117,111122,111127,111129,111142,111147,111150,111174,111177,111185,111187,111190,111287,111289,111322,111324,111350,111357,111360,111364,111372,111376,111384,111386,111476,111478,111492,111499,111504,111509,111511,111602,111604,111616,111618,111632,111638,111646,111648,111730,111732,111777,111780,111788,111791,111793,111797,111840,111842,111862,111867,111869,111954,111956,111961,111963,111970,111978,111984,111987,111989,112075,112077,112101,112105,112108,112110,112137,112147],[10,110804,96503,110806,11651],{"id":110805},"python-set-symmetric_difference-method",[15,110807,110808],{},"symmetric_difference()",[24,110810,110811,110814],{},[15,110812,110813],{},"set.symmetric_difference()"," returns the values that appear in exactly one of two sets.",[24,110816,110817],{},"This is useful when you want to compare two sets and keep only the non-matching values.",[24,110819,110820],{},"Use it when:",[28,110822,110823,110826,110832],{},[31,110824,110825],{},"you want items in one set or the other",[31,110827,110828,110829,110831],{},"you do ",[43,110830,45],{}," want items that appear in both sets",[31,110833,110834],{},"you need a new set without changing the originals",[80,110836,83],{"id":82},[85,110838,110840],{"className":87,"code":110839,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.symmetric_difference(b)\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110841,110842,110862,110882,110886,110905],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,110843,110844,110846,110848,110850,110852,110854,110856,110858,110860],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,110845,635],{"class":100},[94,110847,105],{"class":104},[94,110849,10823],{"class":108},[94,110851,412],{"class":112},[94,110853,116],{"class":108},[94,110855,124],{"class":112},[94,110857,116],{"class":108},[94,110859,421],{"class":112},[94,110861,9641],{"class":108},[94,110863,110864,110866,110868,110870,110872,110874,110876,110878,110880],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,110865,2937],{"class":100},[94,110867,105],{"class":104},[94,110869,10823],{"class":108},[94,110871,113],{"class":112},[94,110873,116],{"class":108},[94,110875,624],{"class":112},[94,110877,116],{"class":108},[94,110879,772],{"class":112},[94,110881,9641],{"class":108},[94,110883,110884],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,110885,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,110887,110888,110890,110892,110894,110896,110899,110901,110903],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,110889,305],{"class":100},[94,110891,105],{"class":104},[94,110893,682],{"class":100},[94,110895,168],{"class":108},[94,110897,110898],{"class":152},"symmetric_difference",[94,110900,149],{"class":108},[94,110902,1937],{"class":152},[94,110904,316],{"class":108},[94,110906,110907,110909,110911,110913,110915],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,110908,326],{"class":145},[94,110910,149],{"class":108},[94,110912,902],{"class":152},[94,110914,156],{"class":108},[94,110916,110917],{"class":159},"  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[24,110919,110920],{},"Use this when you want values that are in one set or the other, but not in both.",[80,110922,215,110924,218],{"id":110923},"what-symmetric_difference-does",[15,110925,110808],{},[24,110927,110928,384],{},[15,110929,110813],{},[28,110931,110932,110935,110938,110941],{},[31,110933,110934],{},"returns a new set",[31,110936,110937],{},"keeps items that are in only one of the two sets",[31,110939,110940],{},"removes items that exist in both sets",[31,110942,110943],{},"does not change the original set",[24,110945,96627,110946,2167,110948,168],{},[434,110947,96631],{"href":96630},[434,110949,110950],{"href":96634},"creating a set in Python",[80,110952,2514],{"id":2513},[85,110954,110956],{"className":87,"code":110955,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\n",[15,110957,110958],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,110959,110960,110962,110964,110966,110968,110970],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,110961,100888],{"class":100},[94,110963,168],{"class":108},[94,110965,110898],{"class":152},[94,110967,149],{"class":108},[94,110969,100897],{"class":152},[94,110971,316],{"class":108},[24,110973,110974],{},"Notes:",[28,110976,110977,110982,110987,110990],{},[31,110978,110979,110981],{},[15,110980,100888],{}," must be a set",[31,110983,110984,110986],{},[15,110985,100897],{}," can be any iterable",[31,110988,110989],{},"the result is always a set",[31,110991,110992],{},"the most common use is comparing two sets",[24,110994,2566],{},[85,110996,110998],{"className":87,"code":110997,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\nprint(result)\n",[15,110999,111000,111021,111042,111046,111065],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,111001,111002,111005,111007,111009,111011,111013,111015,111017,111019],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,111003,111004],{"class":100},"set1 ",[94,111006,105],{"class":104},[94,111008,10823],{"class":108},[94,111010,412],{"class":112},[94,111012,116],{"class":108},[94,111014,124],{"class":112},[94,111016,116],{"class":108},[94,111018,421],{"class":112},[94,111020,9641],{"class":108},[94,111022,111023,111026,111028,111030,111032,111034,111036,111038,111040],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,111024,111025],{"class":100},"set2 ",[94,111027,105],{"class":104},[94,111029,10823],{"class":108},[94,111031,113],{"class":112},[94,111033,116],{"class":108},[94,111035,624],{"class":112},[94,111037,116],{"class":108},[94,111039,772],{"class":112},[94,111041,9641],{"class":108},[94,111043,111044],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,111045,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,111047,111048,111050,111052,111055,111057,111059,111061,111063],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,111049,305],{"class":100},[94,111051,105],{"class":104},[94,111053,111054],{"class":100}," set1",[94,111056,168],{"class":108},[94,111058,110898],{"class":152},[94,111060,149],{"class":108},[94,111062,100897],{"class":152},[94,111064,316],{"class":108},[94,111066,111067,111069,111071,111073],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,111068,326],{"class":145},[94,111070,149],{"class":108},[94,111072,902],{"class":152},[94,111074,316],{"class":108},[24,111076,371],{},[85,111078,111080],{"className":87,"code":111079,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111081,111082],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,111083,111084,111086,111088,111090,111092,111094,111096,111098,111100],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,111085,9610],{"class":108},[94,111087,412],{"class":112},[94,111089,116],{"class":108},[94,111091,124],{"class":112},[94,111093,116],{"class":108},[94,111095,624],{"class":112},[94,111097,116],{"class":108},[94,111099,772],{"class":112},[94,111101,9641],{"class":108},[80,111103,111105],{"id":111104},"what-the-result-means","What the result means",[24,111107,111108],{},"The result includes:",[28,111110,111111,111114],{},[31,111112,111113],{},"items only in the first set",[31,111115,111116],{},"items only in the second set",[24,111118,111119,111120,11411],{},"The result does ",[43,111121,45],{},[28,111123,111124],{},[31,111125,111126],{},"items shared by both sets",[24,111128,5804],{},[28,111130,111131,111136],{},[31,111132,111133,111134],{},"first set: ",[15,111135,100585],{},[31,111137,111138,111139],{},"second set: ",[15,111140,111141],{},"{3, 4, 5}",[24,111143,4395,111144,111146],{},[15,111145,113],{}," is in both sets, so it is removed from the result.",[24,111148,111149],{},"The output is:",[85,111151,111152],{"className":87,"code":111079,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,111153,111154],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,111155,111156,111158,111160,111162,111164,111166,111168,111170,111172],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,111157,9610],{"class":108},[94,111159,412],{"class":112},[94,111161,116],{"class":108},[94,111163,124],{"class":112},[94,111165,116],{"class":108},[94,111167,624],{"class":112},[94,111169,116],{"class":108},[94,111171,772],{"class":112},[94,111173,9641],{"class":108},[24,111175,111176],{},"Also remember:",[28,111178,111179,111182],{},[31,111180,111181],{},"sets are unordered",[31,111183,111184],{},"Python does not guarantee the printed order of set items",[80,111186,11805],{"id":11804},[24,111188,111189],{},"Here is a small example with one shared value:",[85,111191,111193],{"className":87,"code":111192,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\"}\n\nresult = colors1.symmetric_difference(colors2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,111194,111195,111227,111251,111255,111273,111277],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,111196,111197,111199,111201,111203,111205,111207,111209,111211,111213,111215,111217,111219,111221,111223,111225],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,111198,107328],{"class":100},[94,111200,105],{"class":104},[94,111202,10823],{"class":108},[94,111204,332],{"class":331},[94,111206,13419],{"class":335},[94,111208,332],{"class":331},[94,111210,116],{"class":108},[94,111212,1040],{"class":331},[94,111214,13436],{"class":335},[94,111216,332],{"class":331},[94,111218,116],{"class":108},[94,111220,1040],{"class":331},[94,111222,17785],{"class":335},[94,111224,332],{"class":331},[94,111226,9641],{"class":108},[94,111228,111229,111231,111233,111235,111237,111239,111241,111243,111245,111247,111249],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,111230,107361],{"class":100},[94,111232,105],{"class":104},[94,111234,10823],{"class":108},[94,111236,332],{"class":331},[94,111238,17785],{"class":335},[94,111240,332],{"class":331},[94,111242,116],{"class":108},[94,111244,1040],{"class":331},[94,111246,22855],{"class":335},[94,111248,332],{"class":331},[94,111250,9641],{"class":108},[94,111252,111253],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,111254,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,111256,111257,111259,111261,111263,111265,111267,111269,111271],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,111258,305],{"class":100},[94,111260,105],{"class":104},[94,111262,107403],{"class":100},[94,111264,168],{"class":108},[94,111266,110898],{"class":152},[94,111268,149],{"class":108},[94,111270,107412],{"class":152},[94,111272,316],{"class":108},[94,111274,111275],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,111276,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,111278,111279,111281,111283,111285],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,111280,326],{"class":145},[94,111282,149],{"class":108},[94,111284,902],{"class":152},[94,111286,316],{"class":108},[24,111288,371],{},[85,111290,111292],{"className":87,"code":111291,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"{'red', 'blue', 'yellow'}\n",[15,111293,111294],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,111295,111296,111298,111300,111302,111304,111306,111308,111310,111312,111314,111316,111318,111320],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,111297,9610],{"class":108},[94,111299,968],{"class":331},[94,111301,13419],{"class":335},[94,111303,968],{"class":331},[94,111305,116],{"class":108},[94,111307,962],{"class":331},[94,111309,13436],{"class":335},[94,111311,968],{"class":331},[94,111313,116],{"class":108},[94,111315,962],{"class":331},[94,111317,22855],{"class":335},[94,111319,968],{"class":331},[94,111321,9641],{"class":108},[24,111323,13736],{},[28,111325,111326,111331,111342],{},[31,111327,111328,111330],{},[15,111329,96796],{}," is in both sets, so it is excluded",[31,111332,111333,1139,111335,111338,111339,111341],{},[15,111334,65716],{},[15,111336,111337],{},"\"blue\""," are only in ",[15,111340,107465],{},", so they stay",[31,111343,111344,111346,111347,111349],{},[15,111345,110104],{}," is only in ",[15,111348,107412],{},", so it stays",[80,111351,111353,18,111355],{"id":111352},"symmetric_difference-vs-difference",[15,111354,110808],{},[15,111356,100717],{},[24,111358,111359],{},"These two methods are similar, but they do not do the same thing.",[24,111361,111362,384],{},[15,111363,100717],{},[28,111365,111366,111369],{},[31,111367,111368],{},"keeps items only from the first set",[31,111370,111371],{},"ignores unique items from the second set",[24,111373,111374,384],{},[15,111375,110808],{},[28,111377,111378,111381],{},[31,111379,111380],{},"keeps unique items from both sets",[31,111382,111383],{},"removes shared items",[24,111385,2566],{},[85,111387,111389],{"className":87,"code":111388,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))            # {1, 2}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111390,111391,111411,111431,111435,111456],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,111392,111393,111395,111397,111399,111401,111403,111405,111407,111409],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,111394,635],{"class":100},[94,111396,105],{"class":104},[94,111398,10823],{"class":108},[94,111400,412],{"class":112},[94,111402,116],{"class":108},[94,111404,124],{"class":112},[94,111406,116],{"class":108},[94,111408,421],{"class":112},[94,111410,9641],{"class":108},[94,111412,111413,111415,111417,111419,111421,111423,111425,111427,111429],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,111414,2937],{"class":100},[94,111416,105],{"class":104},[94,111418,10823],{"class":108},[94,111420,113],{"class":112},[94,111422,116],{"class":108},[94,111424,624],{"class":112},[94,111426,116],{"class":108},[94,111428,772],{"class":112},[94,111430,9641],{"class":108},[94,111432,111433],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,111434,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,111436,111437,111439,111441,111443,111445,111447,111449,111451,111453],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,111438,326],{"class":145},[94,111440,149],{"class":108},[94,111442,434],{"class":152},[94,111444,168],{"class":108},[94,111446,3167],{"class":152},[94,111448,149],{"class":108},[94,111450,1937],{"class":152},[94,111452,5693],{"class":108},[94,111454,111455],{"class":159},"            # {1, 2}\n",[94,111457,111458,111460,111462,111464,111466,111468,111470,111472,111474],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,111459,326],{"class":145},[94,111461,149],{"class":108},[94,111463,434],{"class":152},[94,111465,168],{"class":108},[94,111467,110898],{"class":152},[94,111469,149],{"class":108},[94,111471,1937],{"class":152},[94,111473,5693],{"class":108},[94,111475,110917],{"class":159},[24,111477,19025],{},[28,111479,111480,111487],{},[31,111481,111482,111486],{},[434,111483,111484],{"href":103143},[15,111485,100717],{}," for a one-sided comparison",[31,111488,111489,111491],{},[15,111490,110808],{}," for a two-sided comparison",[80,111493,111495,18,111497],{"id":111494},"symmetric_difference-vs-union",[15,111496,110808],{},[15,111498,103102],{},[24,111500,111501,111503],{},[15,111502,103102],{}," combines both sets.",[24,111505,111506,111508],{},[15,111507,110808],{}," only keeps non-shared values.",[24,111510,2566],{},[85,111512,111514],{"className":87,"code":111513,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.union(b))                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111515,111516,111536,111556,111560,111582],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,111517,111518,111520,111522,111524,111526,111528,111530,111532,111534],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,111519,635],{"class":100},[94,111521,105],{"class":104},[94,111523,10823],{"class":108},[94,111525,412],{"class":112},[94,111527,116],{"class":108},[94,111529,124],{"class":112},[94,111531,116],{"class":108},[94,111533,421],{"class":112},[94,111535,9641],{"class":108},[94,111537,111538,111540,111542,111544,111546,111548,111550,111552,111554],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,111539,2937],{"class":100},[94,111541,105],{"class":104},[94,111543,10823],{"class":108},[94,111545,113],{"class":112},[94,111547,116],{"class":108},[94,111549,624],{"class":112},[94,111551,116],{"class":108},[94,111553,772],{"class":112},[94,111555,9641],{"class":108},[94,111557,111558],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,111559,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,111561,111562,111564,111566,111568,111570,111573,111575,111577,111579],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,111563,326],{"class":145},[94,111565,149],{"class":108},[94,111567,434],{"class":152},[94,111569,168],{"class":108},[94,111571,111572],{"class":152},"union",[94,111574,149],{"class":108},[94,111576,1937],{"class":152},[94,111578,5693],{"class":108},[94,111580,111581],{"class":159},"                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[94,111583,111584,111586,111588,111590,111592,111594,111596,111598,111600],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,111585,326],{"class":145},[94,111587,149],{"class":108},[94,111589,434],{"class":152},[94,111591,168],{"class":108},[94,111593,110898],{"class":152},[94,111595,149],{"class":108},[94,111597,1937],{"class":152},[94,111599,5693],{"class":108},[94,111601,110917],{"class":159},[24,111603,27552],{},[28,111605,111606,111611],{},[31,111607,111608,111610],{},[15,111609,103102],{}," includes everything",[31,111612,111613,111615],{},[15,111614,110808],{}," excludes values found in both sets",[24,111617,19025],{},[28,111619,111620,111627],{},[31,111621,111622,111626],{},[434,111623,111624],{"href":108033},[15,111625,103102],{}," when overlap does not matter",[31,111628,111629,111631],{},[15,111630,110808],{}," when you want non-matching values only",[80,111633,36941,111635,101901],{"id":111634},"using-the-operator",[15,111636,111637],{},"^",[24,111639,111640,111641,111643,111644,168],{},"For sets, the ",[15,111642,111637],{}," operator gives the same result as ",[15,111645,110808],{},[24,111647,2566],{},[85,111649,111651],{"className":87,"code":111650,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\n",[15,111652,111653,111673,111693,111697,111715],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,111654,111655,111657,111659,111661,111663,111665,111667,111669,111671],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,111656,111004],{"class":100},[94,111658,105],{"class":104},[94,111660,10823],{"class":108},[94,111662,412],{"class":112},[94,111664,116],{"class":108},[94,111666,124],{"class":112},[94,111668,116],{"class":108},[94,111670,421],{"class":112},[94,111672,9641],{"class":108},[94,111674,111675,111677,111679,111681,111683,111685,111687,111689,111691],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,111676,111025],{"class":100},[94,111678,105],{"class":104},[94,111680,10823],{"class":108},[94,111682,113],{"class":112},[94,111684,116],{"class":108},[94,111686,624],{"class":112},[94,111688,116],{"class":108},[94,111690,772],{"class":112},[94,111692,9641],{"class":108},[94,111694,111695],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,111696,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,111698,111699,111701,111703,111705,111707,111709,111711,111713],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,111700,326],{"class":145},[94,111702,149],{"class":108},[94,111704,100888],{"class":152},[94,111706,168],{"class":108},[94,111708,110898],{"class":152},[94,111710,149],{"class":108},[94,111712,100897],{"class":152},[94,111714,921],{"class":108},[94,111716,111717,111719,111721,111723,111725,111728],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,111718,326],{"class":145},[94,111720,149],{"class":108},[94,111722,111004],{"class":152},[94,111724,111637],{"class":104},[94,111726,111727],{"class":152}," set2",[94,111729,316],{"class":108},[24,111731,30360],{},[85,111733,111735],{"className":87,"code":111734,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111736,111737,111757],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,111738,111739,111741,111743,111745,111747,111749,111751,111753,111755],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,111740,9610],{"class":108},[94,111742,412],{"class":112},[94,111744,116],{"class":108},[94,111746,124],{"class":112},[94,111748,116],{"class":108},[94,111750,624],{"class":112},[94,111752,116],{"class":108},[94,111754,772],{"class":112},[94,111756,9641],{"class":108},[94,111758,111759,111761,111763,111765,111767,111769,111771,111773,111775],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,111760,9610],{"class":108},[94,111762,412],{"class":112},[94,111764,116],{"class":108},[94,111766,124],{"class":112},[94,111768,116],{"class":108},[94,111770,624],{"class":112},[94,111772,116],{"class":108},[94,111774,772],{"class":112},[94,111776,9641],{"class":108},[24,111778,111779],{},"Both forms:",[28,111781,111782,111785],{},[31,111783,111784],{},"return a new set",[31,111786,111787],{},"do not change the original sets",[24,111789,111790],{},"For beginners, the method form is often easier to read because the name explains what it does.",[80,111792,4862],{"id":4861},[24,111794,21543,111795,384],{},[15,111796,110808],{},[28,111798,111799,111807,111817,111832],{},[31,111800,111801,111804,111806],{},[43,111802,111803],{},"Expecting sorted output",[10178,111805],{},"\nSets are unordered, so the result may print in a different order than you expect.",[31,111808,111809,111812,111814,111816],{},[43,111810,111811],{},"Thinking the original set is changed",[10178,111813],{},[15,111815,110808],{}," returns a new set. It does not modify the original set.",[31,111818,111819,111824,111826,111828,111829,111831],{},[43,111820,111821,111822],{},"Confusing it with ",[15,111823,100717],{},[10178,111825],{},[15,111827,100717],{}," only keeps items from the first set. ",[15,111830,110808],{}," keeps unique items from both sets.",[31,111833,111834,111837,111839],{},[43,111835,111836],{},"Forgetting that sets remove duplicates",[10178,111838],{},"\nA set only stores unique values. If your original data has repeated values, they will appear only once.",[24,111841,59186],{},[28,111843,111844,111853,111856,111859],{},[31,111845,50823,111846,44961,111848,111852],{},[15,111847,110808],{},[434,111849,111850],{"href":108033},[15,111851,103102],{}," is actually needed",[31,111854,111855],{},"comparing lists instead of converting them to sets first",[31,111857,111858],{},"assuming repeated values will appear multiple times in the result",[31,111860,111861],{},"being confused by output order",[24,111863,111864,111865,168],{},"If you are starting with a list and want unique values first, see ",[434,111866,99381],{"href":105646},[24,111868,62620],{},[85,111870,111872],{"className":87,"code":111871,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(set1)\nprint(set2)\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\nprint(type(set1))\nprint(type(set2))\n",[15,111873,111874,111884,111894,111912,111926,111940],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,111875,111876,111878,111880,111882],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,111877,326],{"class":145},[94,111879,149],{"class":108},[94,111881,100888],{"class":152},[94,111883,316],{"class":108},[94,111885,111886,111888,111890,111892],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,111887,326],{"class":145},[94,111889,149],{"class":108},[94,111891,100897],{"class":152},[94,111893,316],{"class":108},[94,111895,111896,111898,111900,111902,111904,111906,111908,111910],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,111897,326],{"class":145},[94,111899,149],{"class":108},[94,111901,100888],{"class":152},[94,111903,168],{"class":108},[94,111905,110898],{"class":152},[94,111907,149],{"class":108},[94,111909,100897],{"class":152},[94,111911,921],{"class":108},[94,111913,111914,111916,111918,111920,111922,111924],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,111915,326],{"class":145},[94,111917,149],{"class":108},[94,111919,111004],{"class":152},[94,111921,111637],{"class":104},[94,111923,111727],{"class":152},[94,111925,316],{"class":108},[94,111927,111928,111930,111932,111934,111936,111938],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,111929,326],{"class":145},[94,111931,149],{"class":108},[94,111933,914],{"class":913},[94,111935,149],{"class":108},[94,111937,100888],{"class":152},[94,111939,921],{"class":108},[94,111941,111942,111944,111946,111948,111950,111952],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,111943,326],{"class":145},[94,111945,149],{"class":108},[94,111947,914],{"class":913},[94,111949,149],{"class":108},[94,111951,100897],{"class":152},[94,111953,921],{"class":108},[80,111955,2160],{"id":2159},[265,111957,13029,111959,103042],{"id":111958},"does-symmetric_difference-change-the-original-set",[15,111960,110808],{},[24,111962,103045],{},[265,111964,5514,111966,1139,111968,2170],{"id":111965},"what-is-the-difference-between-symmetric_difference-and-difference",[15,111967,110808],{},[15,111969,100717],{},[24,111971,111972,111974,111975,111977],{},[15,111973,100717],{}," keeps items only from the first set. ",[15,111976,110808],{}," keeps items that appear in exactly one of the two sets.",[265,111979,2201,111981,111983],{"id":111980},"can-i-use-symmetric_difference-with-lists",[15,111982,110808],{}," with lists?",[24,111985,111986],{},"The method is for sets. Convert a list to a set first if needed.",[24,111988,2566],{},[85,111990,111992],{"className":87,"code":111991,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"list1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = set(list1).symmetric_difference(set(list2))\nprint(result)\n",[15,111993,111994,112014,112034,112038,112065],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,111995,111996,111998,112000,112002,112004,112006,112008,112010,112012],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,111997,80963],{"class":100},[94,111999,105],{"class":104},[94,112001,109],{"class":108},[94,112003,412],{"class":112},[94,112005,116],{"class":108},[94,112007,124],{"class":112},[94,112009,116],{"class":108},[94,112011,421],{"class":112},[94,112013,127],{"class":108},[94,112015,112016,112018,112020,112022,112024,112026,112028,112030,112032],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,112017,80984],{"class":100},[94,112019,105],{"class":104},[94,112021,109],{"class":108},[94,112023,113],{"class":112},[94,112025,116],{"class":108},[94,112027,624],{"class":112},[94,112029,116],{"class":108},[94,112031,772],{"class":112},[94,112033,127],{"class":108},[94,112035,112036],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,112037,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,112039,112040,112042,112044,112046,112048,112051,112053,112055,112057,112059,112061,112063],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,112041,305],{"class":100},[94,112043,105],{"class":104},[94,112045,15961],{"class":913},[94,112047,149],{"class":108},[94,112049,112050],{"class":152},"list1",[94,112052,8965],{"class":108},[94,112054,110898],{"class":152},[94,112056,149],{"class":108},[94,112058,6619],{"class":913},[94,112060,149],{"class":108},[94,112062,81250],{"class":152},[94,112064,921],{"class":108},[94,112066,112067,112069,112071,112073],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,112068,326],{"class":145},[94,112070,149],{"class":108},[94,112072,902],{"class":152},[94,112074,316],{"class":108},[24,112076,371],{},[85,112078,112079],{"className":87,"code":111079,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,112080,112081],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,112082,112083,112085,112087,112089,112091,112093,112095,112097,112099],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,112084,9610],{"class":108},[94,112086,412],{"class":112},[94,112088,116],{"class":108},[94,112090,124],{"class":112},[94,112092,116],{"class":108},[94,112094,624],{"class":112},[94,112096,116],{"class":108},[94,112098,772],{"class":112},[94,112100,9641],{"class":108},[265,112102,112104],{"id":112103},"why-does-the-output-order-look-random","Why does the output order look random?",[24,112106,112107],{},"Sets are unordered, so Python does not guarantee item order.",[80,112109,2232],{"id":2231},[28,112111,112112,112116,112121,112127,112133],{},[31,112113,112114],{},[434,112115,96631],{"href":96630},[31,112117,112118],{},[434,112119,112120],{"href":96634},"Creating a set in Python",[31,112122,112123],{},[434,112124,97117,112125,567],{"href":103143},[15,112126,100717],{},[31,112128,112129],{},[434,112130,97117,112131,567],{"href":108033},[15,112132,103102],{},[31,112134,112135],{},[434,112136,100647],{"href":105646},[24,112138,112139,112140,2547,112142,17401,112144,112146],{},"If you are learning set methods, compare ",[15,112141,100717],{},[15,112143,103102],{},[15,112145,110808],{}," side by side. That makes it much easier to choose the right one for real tasks.",[2260,112148,57565],{},{"title":90,"searchDepth":130,"depth":130,"links":112150},[112151,112152,112154,112155,112156,112157,112159,112161,112163,112164,112173],{"id":82,"depth":130,"text":83},{"id":110923,"depth":130,"text":112153},"What symmetric_difference() does",{"id":2513,"depth":130,"text":2514},{"id":111104,"depth":130,"text":111105},{"id":11804,"depth":130,"text":11805},{"id":111352,"depth":130,"text":112158},"symmetric_difference() vs difference()",{"id":111494,"depth":130,"text":112160},"symmetric_difference() vs union()",{"id":111634,"depth":130,"text":112162},"Using the ^ operator",{"id":4861,"depth":130,"text":4862},{"id":2159,"depth":130,"text":2160,"children":112165},[112166,112168,112170,112172],{"id":111958,"depth":137,"text":112167},"Does symmetric_difference() change the original set?",{"id":111965,"depth":137,"text":112169},"What is the difference between symmetric_difference() and difference()?",{"id":111980,"depth":137,"text":112171},"Can I use symmetric_difference() with lists?",{"id":112103,"depth":137,"text":112104},{"id":2231,"depth":130,"text":2232},"Master python set symmetric_difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method",{"title":110800,"description":112174},"reference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method","lpKe_do_U0RkRSxaS1njn8pocrqwUs1i7_KsXGGWZm4",{"id":112181,"title":112182,"body":112183,"description":114244,"extension":2319,"meta":114245,"navigation":133,"path":108033,"seo":114246,"stem":114247,"__hash__":114248},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method.md","Python Set union() Method",{"type":7,"value":112184,"toc":114203},[112185,112190,112195,112198,112211,112213,112295,112300,112305,112309,112321,112324,112328,112330,112357,112359,112370,112373,112442,112444,112450,112453,112463,112465,112554,112559,112561,112568,112571,112573,112576,112696,112698,112767,112770,112787,112792,112795,112911,112913,112942,112945,112951,112956,112960,113041,113043,113071,113076,113080,113175,113177,113218,113222,113225,113292,113294,113335,113341,113356,113363,113370,113374,113380,113466,113470,113478,113549,113554,113561,113563,113569,113571,113636,113638,113654,113659,113662,113731,113735,113738,113797,113800,113804,113857,113870,113873,113926,113930,113932,113963,113966,113971,114024,114026,114029,114050,114062,114064,114117,114119,114124,114126,114132,114135,114141,114146,114150,114153,114161,114170,114172,114200],[10,112186,13,112188,11651],{"id":112187},"python-setunion-method",[15,112189,108346],{},[24,112191,112192,112194],{},[15,112193,108346],{}," combines items from one set with items from one or more other iterables.",[24,112196,112197],{},"It is useful when you want:",[28,112199,112200,112203,112208],{},[31,112201,112202],{},"all unique values from multiple collections",[31,112204,635,112205,112207],{},[43,112206,101072],{}," as the result",[31,112209,112210],{},"to keep the original set unchanged",[80,112212,2361],{"id":2360},[85,112214,112216],{"className":87,"code":112215,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2)\nprint(result)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,112217,112218,112238,112258,112262,112280,112290],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,112219,112220,112222,112224,112226,112228,112230,112232,112234,112236],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,112221,111004],{"class":100},[94,112223,105],{"class":104},[94,112225,10823],{"class":108},[94,112227,412],{"class":112},[94,112229,116],{"class":108},[94,112231,124],{"class":112},[94,112233,116],{"class":108},[94,112235,421],{"class":112},[94,112237,9641],{"class":108},[94,112239,112240,112242,112244,112246,112248,112250,112252,112254,112256],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,112241,111025],{"class":100},[94,112243,105],{"class":104},[94,112245,10823],{"class":108},[94,112247,113],{"class":112},[94,112249,116],{"class":108},[94,112251,624],{"class":112},[94,112253,116],{"class":108},[94,112255,772],{"class":112},[94,112257,9641],{"class":108},[94,112259,112260],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,112261,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,112263,112264,112266,112268,112270,112272,112274,112276,112278],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,112265,305],{"class":100},[94,112267,105],{"class":104},[94,112269,111054],{"class":100},[94,112271,168],{"class":108},[94,112273,111572],{"class":152},[94,112275,149],{"class":108},[94,112277,100897],{"class":152},[94,112279,316],{"class":108},[94,112281,112282,112284,112286,112288],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,112283,326],{"class":145},[94,112285,149],{"class":108},[94,112287,902],{"class":152},[94,112289,316],{"class":108},[94,112291,112292],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,112293,112294],{"class":159},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[24,112296,112297,112299],{},[15,112298,103102],{}," returns a new set containing all unique items from both sets.",[80,112301,215,112303,218],{"id":112302},"what-setunion-does",[15,112304,108346],{},[24,112306,112307,384],{},[15,112308,108346],{},[28,112310,112311,112314,112317,112319],{},[31,112312,112313],{},"combines items from one set and one or more other iterables",[31,112315,112316],{},"keeps only unique values",[31,112318,110934],{},[31,112320,110943],{},[24,112322,112323],{},"If the same value appears more than once, it will appear only once in the result.",[24,112325,96627,112326,168],{},[434,112327,96631],{"href":97802},[80,112329,2514],{"id":2513},[85,112331,112333],{"className":87,"code":112332,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"set1.union(set2, set3, ...)\n",[15,112334,112335],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,112336,112337,112339,112341,112343,112345,112347,112349,112351,112353,112355],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,112338,100888],{"class":100},[94,112340,168],{"class":108},[94,112342,111572],{"class":152},[94,112344,149],{"class":108},[94,112346,100897],{"class":152},[94,112348,116],{"class":108},[94,112350,100924],{"class":152},[94,112352,116],{"class":108},[94,112354,34785],{"class":145},[94,112356,316],{"class":108},[24,112358,13378],{},[28,112360,112361,112364,112367],{},[31,112362,112363],{},"You can pass one or more arguments.",[31,112365,112366],{},"Each argument can be a set or another iterable.",[31,112368,112369],{},"The method returns a new set with all unique items.",[24,112371,112372],{},"Example with two sets:",[85,112374,112376],{"className":87,"code":112375,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112377,112378,112394,112410,112414,112432],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,112379,112380,112382,112384,112386,112388,112390,112392],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,112381,635],{"class":100},[94,112383,105],{"class":104},[94,112385,10823],{"class":108},[94,112387,412],{"class":112},[94,112389,116],{"class":108},[94,112391,124],{"class":112},[94,112393,9641],{"class":108},[94,112395,112396,112398,112400,112402,112404,112406,112408],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,112397,2937],{"class":100},[94,112399,105],{"class":104},[94,112401,10823],{"class":108},[94,112403,763],{"class":112},[94,112405,116],{"class":108},[94,112407,421],{"class":112},[94,112409,9641],{"class":108},[94,112411,112412],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,112413,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,112415,112416,112418,112420,112422,112424,112426,112428,112430],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,112417,305],{"class":100},[94,112419,105],{"class":104},[94,112421,682],{"class":100},[94,112423,168],{"class":108},[94,112425,111572],{"class":152},[94,112427,149],{"class":108},[94,112429,1937],{"class":152},[94,112431,316],{"class":108},[94,112433,112434,112436,112438,112440],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,112435,326],{"class":145},[94,112437,149],{"class":108},[94,112439,902],{"class":152},[94,112441,316],{"class":108},[80,112443,22301],{"id":22300},[24,112445,112446,101069,112448,168],{},[15,112447,108346],{},[43,112449,101072],{},[24,112451,112452],{},"That returned set contains every unique item found in:",[28,112454,112455,112458],{},[31,112456,112457],{},"the original set",[31,112459,112460,112461],{},"all arguments passed to ",[15,112462,103102],{},[24,112464,2566],{},[85,112466,112468],{"className":87,"code":112467,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\n\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)       # {1, 2}\n",[15,112469,112470,112486,112502,112506,112524,112528,112541],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,112471,112472,112474,112476,112478,112480,112482,112484],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,112473,635],{"class":100},[94,112475,105],{"class":104},[94,112477,10823],{"class":108},[94,112479,412],{"class":112},[94,112481,116],{"class":108},[94,112483,124],{"class":112},[94,112485,9641],{"class":108},[94,112487,112488,112490,112492,112494,112496,112498,112500],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,112489,2937],{"class":100},[94,112491,105],{"class":104},[94,112493,10823],{"class":108},[94,112495,763],{"class":112},[94,112497,116],{"class":108},[94,112499,421],{"class":112},[94,112501,9641],{"class":108},[94,112503,112504],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,112505,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,112507,112508,112510,112512,112514,112516,112518,112520,112522],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,112509,305],{"class":100},[94,112511,105],{"class":104},[94,112513,682],{"class":100},[94,112515,168],{"class":108},[94,112517,111572],{"class":152},[94,112519,149],{"class":108},[94,112521,1937],{"class":152},[94,112523,316],{"class":108},[94,112525,112526],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,112527,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,112529,112530,112532,112534,112536,112538],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,112531,326],{"class":145},[94,112533,149],{"class":108},[94,112535,902],{"class":152},[94,112537,156],{"class":108},[94,112539,112540],{"class":159},"  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[94,112542,112543,112545,112547,112549,112551],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,112544,326],{"class":145},[94,112546,149],{"class":108},[94,112548,434],{"class":152},[94,112550,156],{"class":108},[94,112552,112553],{"class":159},"       # {1, 2}\n",[24,112555,974,112556,112558],{},[15,112557,434],{}," did not change.",[24,112560,111176],{},[28,112562,112563,112565],{},[31,112564,111181],{},[31,112566,112567],{},"printed output order is not guaranteed",[24,112569,112570],{},"So you may see the same values in a different order.",[80,112572,11805],{"id":11804},[24,112574,112575],{},"Here is a basic example with overlapping values:",[85,112577,112579],{"className":87,"code":112578,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"fruits1 = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits2 = {\"banana\", \"grape\", \"orange\"}\n\nresult = fruits1.union(fruits2)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits1)\n",[15,112580,112581,112614,112647,112651,112671,112675,112685],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,112582,112583,112586,112588,112590,112592,112594,112596,112598,112600,112602,112604,112606,112608,112610,112612],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,112584,112585],{"class":100},"fruits1 ",[94,112587,105],{"class":104},[94,112589,10823],{"class":108},[94,112591,332],{"class":331},[94,112593,1332],{"class":335},[94,112595,332],{"class":331},[94,112597,116],{"class":108},[94,112599,1040],{"class":331},[94,112601,4432],{"class":335},[94,112603,332],{"class":331},[94,112605,116],{"class":108},[94,112607,1040],{"class":331},[94,112609,33552],{"class":335},[94,112611,332],{"class":331},[94,112613,9641],{"class":108},[94,112615,112616,112619,112621,112623,112625,112627,112629,112631,112633,112635,112637,112639,112641,112643,112645],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,112617,112618],{"class":100},"fruits2 ",[94,112620,105],{"class":104},[94,112622,10823],{"class":108},[94,112624,332],{"class":331},[94,112626,4432],{"class":335},[94,112628,332],{"class":331},[94,112630,116],{"class":108},[94,112632,1040],{"class":331},[94,112634,22864],{"class":335},[94,112636,332],{"class":331},[94,112638,116],{"class":108},[94,112640,1040],{"class":331},[94,112642,33552],{"class":335},[94,112644,332],{"class":331},[94,112646,9641],{"class":108},[94,112648,112649],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,112650,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,112652,112653,112655,112657,112660,112662,112664,112666,112669],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,112654,305],{"class":100},[94,112656,105],{"class":104},[94,112658,112659],{"class":100}," fruits1",[94,112661,168],{"class":108},[94,112663,111572],{"class":152},[94,112665,149],{"class":108},[94,112667,112668],{"class":152},"fruits2",[94,112670,316],{"class":108},[94,112672,112673],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,112674,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,112676,112677,112679,112681,112683],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,112678,326],{"class":145},[94,112680,149],{"class":108},[94,112682,902],{"class":152},[94,112684,316],{"class":108},[94,112686,112687,112689,112691,112694],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,112688,326],{"class":145},[94,112690,149],{"class":108},[94,112692,112693],{"class":152},"fruits1",[94,112695,316],{"class":108},[24,112697,30360],{},[85,112699,112701],{"className":87,"code":112700,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple', 'grape'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n",[15,112702,112703,112739],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,112704,112705,112707,112709,112711,112713,112715,112717,112719,112721,112723,112725,112727,112729,112731,112733,112735,112737],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,112706,9610],{"class":108},[94,112708,968],{"class":331},[94,112710,4432],{"class":335},[94,112712,968],{"class":331},[94,112714,116],{"class":108},[94,112716,962],{"class":331},[94,112718,33552],{"class":335},[94,112720,968],{"class":331},[94,112722,116],{"class":108},[94,112724,962],{"class":331},[94,112726,1332],{"class":335},[94,112728,968],{"class":331},[94,112730,116],{"class":108},[94,112732,962],{"class":331},[94,112734,22864],{"class":335},[94,112736,968],{"class":331},[94,112738,9641],{"class":108},[94,112740,112741,112743,112745,112747,112749,112751,112753,112755,112757,112759,112761,112763,112765],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,112742,9610],{"class":108},[94,112744,968],{"class":331},[94,112746,4432],{"class":335},[94,112748,968],{"class":331},[94,112750,116],{"class":108},[94,112752,962],{"class":331},[94,112754,33552],{"class":335},[94,112756,968],{"class":331},[94,112758,116],{"class":108},[94,112760,962],{"class":331},[94,112762,1332],{"class":335},[94,112764,968],{"class":331},[94,112766,9641],{"class":108},[24,112768,112769],{},"What this shows:",[28,112771,112772,112779,112782],{},[31,112773,112774,1139,112776,112778],{},[15,112775,65598],{},[15,112777,66025],{}," appear in both sets",[31,112780,112781],{},"they appear only once in the result",[31,112783,112784,112786],{},[15,112785,112693],{}," stays unchanged",[80,112788,1484,112790,101461],{"id":112789},"using-union-with-multiple-sets",[15,112791,103102],{},[24,112793,112794],{},"You can combine three or more sets in one call.",[85,112796,112798],{"className":87,"code":112797,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"set1 = {1, 2}\nset2 = {2, 3}\nset3 = {3, 4}\nset4 = {4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2, set3, set4)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,112799,112800,112816,112832,112849,112866,112870,112897,112901],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,112801,112802,112804,112806,112808,112810,112812,112814],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,112803,111004],{"class":100},[94,112805,105],{"class":104},[94,112807,10823],{"class":108},[94,112809,412],{"class":112},[94,112811,116],{"class":108},[94,112813,124],{"class":112},[94,112815,9641],{"class":108},[94,112817,112818,112820,112822,112824,112826,112828,112830],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,112819,111025],{"class":100},[94,112821,105],{"class":104},[94,112823,10823],{"class":108},[94,112825,763],{"class":112},[94,112827,116],{"class":108},[94,112829,421],{"class":112},[94,112831,9641],{"class":108},[94,112833,112834,112837,112839,112841,112843,112845,112847],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,112835,112836],{"class":100},"set3 ",[94,112838,105],{"class":104},[94,112840,10823],{"class":108},[94,112842,113],{"class":112},[94,112844,116],{"class":108},[94,112846,624],{"class":112},[94,112848,9641],{"class":108},[94,112850,112851,112854,112856,112858,112860,112862,112864],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,112852,112853],{"class":100},"set4 ",[94,112855,105],{"class":104},[94,112857,10823],{"class":108},[94,112859,857],{"class":112},[94,112861,116],{"class":108},[94,112863,772],{"class":112},[94,112865,9641],{"class":108},[94,112867,112868],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,112869,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,112871,112872,112874,112876,112878,112880,112882,112884,112886,112888,112890,112892,112895],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,112873,305],{"class":100},[94,112875,105],{"class":104},[94,112877,111054],{"class":100},[94,112879,168],{"class":108},[94,112881,111572],{"class":152},[94,112883,149],{"class":108},[94,112885,100897],{"class":152},[94,112887,116],{"class":108},[94,112889,100924],{"class":152},[94,112891,116],{"class":108},[94,112893,112894],{"class":152}," set4",[94,112896,316],{"class":108},[94,112898,112899],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,112900,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,112902,112903,112905,112907,112909],{"class":96,"line":702},[94,112904,326],{"class":145},[94,112906,149],{"class":108},[94,112908,902],{"class":152},[94,112910,316],{"class":108},[24,112912,30360],{},[85,112914,112916],{"className":87,"code":112915,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,112917,112918],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,112919,112920,112922,112924,112926,112928,112930,112932,112934,112936,112938,112940],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,112921,9610],{"class":108},[94,112923,412],{"class":112},[94,112925,116],{"class":108},[94,112927,124],{"class":112},[94,112929,116],{"class":108},[94,112931,421],{"class":112},[94,112933,116],{"class":108},[94,112935,624],{"class":112},[94,112937,116],{"class":108},[94,112939,772],{"class":112},[94,112941,9641],{"class":108},[24,112943,112944],{},"This is useful when collecting unique values from many sources.",[80,112946,1484,112948,112950],{"id":112947},"using-union-with-other-iterables",[15,112949,103102],{}," with other iterables",[24,112952,112953,112955],{},[15,112954,103102],{}," does not only work with sets. It also accepts other iterables such as lists and tuples.",[265,112957,112959],{"id":112958},"with-a-list","With a list",[85,112961,112963],{"className":87,"code":112962,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nmore_numbers = [3, 4, 5, 5]\n\nresult = numbers.union(more_numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112964,112965,112985,113009,113013,113031],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,112966,112967,112969,112971,112973,112975,112977,112979,112981,112983],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,112968,101],{"class":100},[94,112970,105],{"class":104},[94,112972,10823],{"class":108},[94,112974,412],{"class":112},[94,112976,116],{"class":108},[94,112978,124],{"class":112},[94,112980,116],{"class":108},[94,112982,421],{"class":112},[94,112984,9641],{"class":108},[94,112986,112987,112989,112991,112993,112995,112997,112999,113001,113003,113005,113007],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,112988,61372],{"class":100},[94,112990,105],{"class":104},[94,112992,109],{"class":108},[94,112994,113],{"class":112},[94,112996,116],{"class":108},[94,112998,624],{"class":112},[94,113000,116],{"class":108},[94,113002,772],{"class":112},[94,113004,116],{"class":108},[94,113006,772],{"class":112},[94,113008,127],{"class":108},[94,113010,113011],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,113012,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,113014,113015,113017,113019,113021,113023,113025,113027,113029],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,113016,305],{"class":100},[94,113018,105],{"class":104},[94,113020,343],{"class":100},[94,113022,168],{"class":108},[94,113024,111572],{"class":152},[94,113026,149],{"class":108},[94,113028,61401],{"class":152},[94,113030,316],{"class":108},[94,113032,113033,113035,113037,113039],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,113034,326],{"class":145},[94,113036,149],{"class":108},[94,113038,902],{"class":152},[94,113040,316],{"class":108},[24,113042,30360],{},[85,113044,113045],{"className":87,"code":112915,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,113046,113047],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,113048,113049,113051,113053,113055,113057,113059,113061,113063,113065,113067,113069],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,113050,9610],{"class":108},[94,113052,412],{"class":112},[94,113054,116],{"class":108},[94,113056,124],{"class":112},[94,113058,116],{"class":108},[94,113060,421],{"class":112},[94,113062,116],{"class":108},[94,113064,624],{"class":112},[94,113066,116],{"class":108},[94,113068,772],{"class":112},[94,113070,9641],{"class":108},[24,113072,21309,113073,113075],{},[15,113074,615],{}," appears twice in the list, it appears only once in the result.",[265,113077,113079],{"id":113078},"with-a-tuple","With a tuple",[85,113081,113083],{"className":87,"code":113082,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nmore_letters = (\"b\", \"c\", \"d\")\n\nresult = letters.union(more_letters)\nprint(result)\n",[15,113084,113085,113109,113142,113146,113165],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,113086,113087,113089,113091,113093,113095,113097,113099,113101,113103,113105,113107],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,113088,36418],{"class":100},[94,113090,105],{"class":104},[94,113092,10823],{"class":108},[94,113094,332],{"class":331},[94,113096,434],{"class":335},[94,113098,332],{"class":331},[94,113100,116],{"class":108},[94,113102,1040],{"class":331},[94,113104,1937],{"class":335},[94,113106,332],{"class":331},[94,113108,9641],{"class":108},[94,113110,113111,113114,113116,113118,113120,113122,113124,113126,113128,113130,113132,113134,113136,113138,113140],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,113112,113113],{"class":100},"more_letters ",[94,113115,105],{"class":104},[94,113117,854],{"class":108},[94,113119,332],{"class":331},[94,113121,1937],{"class":335},[94,113123,332],{"class":331},[94,113125,116],{"class":108},[94,113127,1040],{"class":331},[94,113129,1946],{"class":335},[94,113131,332],{"class":331},[94,113133,116],{"class":108},[94,113135,1040],{"class":331},[94,113137,19098],{"class":335},[94,113139,332],{"class":331},[94,113141,316],{"class":108},[94,113143,113144],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,113145,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,113147,113148,113150,113152,113154,113156,113158,113160,113163],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,113149,305],{"class":100},[94,113151,105],{"class":104},[94,113153,70420],{"class":100},[94,113155,168],{"class":108},[94,113157,111572],{"class":152},[94,113159,149],{"class":108},[94,113161,113162],{"class":152},"more_letters",[94,113164,316],{"class":108},[94,113166,113167,113169,113171,113173],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,113168,326],{"class":145},[94,113170,149],{"class":108},[94,113172,902],{"class":152},[94,113174,316],{"class":108},[24,113176,30360],{},[85,113178,113180],{"className":87,"code":113179,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'}\n",[15,113181,113182],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,113183,113184,113186,113188,113190,113192,113194,113196,113198,113200,113202,113204,113206,113208,113210,113212,113214,113216],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,113185,9610],{"class":108},[94,113187,968],{"class":331},[94,113189,434],{"class":335},[94,113191,968],{"class":331},[94,113193,116],{"class":108},[94,113195,962],{"class":331},[94,113197,1937],{"class":335},[94,113199,968],{"class":331},[94,113201,116],{"class":108},[94,113203,962],{"class":331},[94,113205,1946],{"class":335},[94,113207,968],{"class":331},[94,113209,116],{"class":108},[94,113211,962],{"class":331},[94,113213,19098],{"class":335},[94,113215,968],{"class":331},[94,113217,9641],{"class":108},[265,113219,113221],{"id":113220},"with-a-string","With a string",[24,113223,113224],{},"A string is treated as an iterable of individual characters.",[85,113226,113228],{"className":87,"code":113227,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"chars = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nresult = chars.union(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,113229,113230,113255,113278,113282],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,113231,113232,113235,113237,113239,113241,113243,113245,113247,113249,113251,113253],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,113233,113234],{"class":100},"chars ",[94,113236,105],{"class":104},[94,113238,10823],{"class":108},[94,113240,332],{"class":331},[94,113242,434],{"class":335},[94,113244,332],{"class":331},[94,113246,116],{"class":108},[94,113248,1040],{"class":331},[94,113250,1937],{"class":335},[94,113252,332],{"class":331},[94,113254,9641],{"class":108},[94,113256,113257,113259,113261,113264,113266,113268,113270,113272,113274,113276],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,113258,305],{"class":100},[94,113260,105],{"class":104},[94,113262,113263],{"class":100}," chars",[94,113265,168],{"class":108},[94,113267,111572],{"class":152},[94,113269,149],{"class":108},[94,113271,332],{"class":331},[94,113273,37376],{"class":335},[94,113275,332],{"class":331},[94,113277,316],{"class":108},[94,113279,113280],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,113281,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,113283,113284,113286,113288,113290],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,113285,326],{"class":145},[94,113287,149],{"class":108},[94,113289,902],{"class":152},[94,113291,316],{"class":108},[24,113293,30360],{},[85,113295,113297],{"className":87,"code":113296,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 't'}\n",[15,113298,113299],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,113300,113301,113303,113305,113307,113309,113311,113313,113315,113317,113319,113321,113323,113325,113327,113329,113331,113333],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,113302,9610],{"class":108},[94,113304,968],{"class":331},[94,113306,434],{"class":335},[94,113308,968],{"class":331},[94,113310,116],{"class":108},[94,113312,962],{"class":331},[94,113314,1937],{"class":335},[94,113316,968],{"class":331},[94,113318,116],{"class":108},[94,113320,962],{"class":331},[94,113322,1946],{"class":335},[94,113324,968],{"class":331},[94,113326,116],{"class":108},[94,113328,962],{"class":331},[94,113330,63611],{"class":335},[94,113332,968],{"class":331},[94,113334,9641],{"class":108},[24,113336,22520,113337,113340],{},[15,113338,113339],{},"\"cat\""," is processed as:",[28,113342,113343,113347,113351],{},[31,113344,113345],{},[15,113346,66805],{},[31,113348,113349],{},[15,113350,18426],{},[31,113352,113353],{},[15,113354,113355],{},"\"t\"",[80,113357,113359,18,113361],{"id":113358},"union-vs-update",[15,113360,103102],{},[15,113362,15281],{},[24,113364,113365,1139,113367,113369],{},[15,113366,103102],{},[15,113368,15281],{}," are similar, but they behave differently.",[265,113371,113372],{"id":111572},[15,113373,103102],{},[28,113375,113376,113378],{},[31,113377,110934],{},[31,113379,110943],{},[85,113381,113382],{"className":87,"code":112467,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,113383,113384,113400,113416,113420,113438,113442,113454],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,113385,113386,113388,113390,113392,113394,113396,113398],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,113387,635],{"class":100},[94,113389,105],{"class":104},[94,113391,10823],{"class":108},[94,113393,412],{"class":112},[94,113395,116],{"class":108},[94,113397,124],{"class":112},[94,113399,9641],{"class":108},[94,113401,113402,113404,113406,113408,113410,113412,113414],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,113403,2937],{"class":100},[94,113405,105],{"class":104},[94,113407,10823],{"class":108},[94,113409,763],{"class":112},[94,113411,116],{"class":108},[94,113413,421],{"class":112},[94,113415,9641],{"class":108},[94,113417,113418],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,113419,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,113421,113422,113424,113426,113428,113430,113432,113434,113436],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,113423,305],{"class":100},[94,113425,105],{"class":104},[94,113427,682],{"class":100},[94,113429,168],{"class":108},[94,113431,111572],{"class":152},[94,113433,149],{"class":108},[94,113435,1937],{"class":152},[94,113437,316],{"class":108},[94,113439,113440],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,113441,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,113443,113444,113446,113448,113450,113452],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,113445,326],{"class":145},[94,113447,149],{"class":108},[94,113449,902],{"class":152},[94,113451,156],{"class":108},[94,113453,112540],{"class":159},[94,113455,113456,113458,113460,113462,113464],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,113457,326],{"class":145},[94,113459,149],{"class":108},[94,113461,434],{"class":152},[94,113463,156],{"class":108},[94,113465,112553],{"class":159},[265,113467,113468],{"id":30795},[15,113469,15281],{},[28,113471,113472,113475],{},[31,113473,113474],{},"changes the existing set in place",[31,113476,113477],{},"does not create a separate result set",[85,113479,113481],{"className":87,"code":113480,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\n\nprint(a)  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,113482,113483,113499,113515,113519,113533,113537],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,113484,113485,113487,113489,113491,113493,113495,113497],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,113486,635],{"class":100},[94,113488,105],{"class":104},[94,113490,10823],{"class":108},[94,113492,412],{"class":112},[94,113494,116],{"class":108},[94,113496,124],{"class":112},[94,113498,9641],{"class":108},[94,113500,113501,113503,113505,113507,113509,113511,113513],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,113502,2937],{"class":100},[94,113504,105],{"class":104},[94,113506,10823],{"class":108},[94,113508,763],{"class":112},[94,113510,116],{"class":108},[94,113512,421],{"class":112},[94,113514,9641],{"class":108},[94,113516,113517],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,113518,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,113520,113521,113523,113525,113527,113529,113531],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,113522,434],{"class":100},[94,113524,168],{"class":108},[94,113526,30795],{"class":152},[94,113528,149],{"class":108},[94,113530,1937],{"class":152},[94,113532,316],{"class":108},[94,113534,113535],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,113536,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,113538,113539,113541,113543,113545,113547],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,113540,326],{"class":145},[94,113542,149],{"class":108},[94,113544,434],{"class":152},[94,113546,156],{"class":108},[94,113548,112540],{"class":159},[24,113550,54,113551,113553],{},[15,113552,103102],{}," when you want to keep the original set unchanged.",[24,113555,113556,113557,168],{},"For the in-place version, see ",[434,113558,13,113559,567],{"href":98822},[15,113560,97617],{},[80,113562,4862],{"id":4861},[265,113564,8786,113566,113568],{"id":113565},"expecting-union-to-change-the-original-set",[15,113567,103102],{}," to change the original set",[24,113570,82131],{},[85,113572,113574],{"className":87,"code":113573,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,113575,113576,113592,113608,113612,113626],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,113577,113578,113580,113582,113584,113586,113588,113590],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,113579,635],{"class":100},[94,113581,105],{"class":104},[94,113583,10823],{"class":108},[94,113585,412],{"class":112},[94,113587,116],{"class":108},[94,113589,124],{"class":112},[94,113591,9641],{"class":108},[94,113593,113594,113596,113598,113600,113602,113604,113606],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,113595,2937],{"class":100},[94,113597,105],{"class":104},[94,113599,10823],{"class":108},[94,113601,763],{"class":112},[94,113603,116],{"class":108},[94,113605,421],{"class":112},[94,113607,9641],{"class":108},[94,113609,113610],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,113611,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,113613,113614,113616,113618,113620,113622,113624],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,113615,434],{"class":100},[94,113617,168],{"class":108},[94,113619,111572],{"class":152},[94,113621,149],{"class":108},[94,113623,1937],{"class":152},[94,113625,316],{"class":108},[94,113627,113628,113630,113632,113634],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,113629,326],{"class":145},[94,113631,149],{"class":108},[94,113633,434],{"class":152},[94,113635,316],{"class":108},[24,113637,371],{},[85,113639,113640],{"className":87,"code":100810,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,113641,113642],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,113643,113644,113646,113648,113650,113652],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,113645,9610],{"class":108},[94,113647,412],{"class":112},[94,113649,116],{"class":108},[94,113651,124],{"class":112},[94,113653,9641],{"class":108},[24,113655,8829,113656,113658],{},[15,113657,103102],{}," returned a new set, but you did not save it.",[24,113660,113661],{},"Fix it like this:",[85,113663,113665],{"className":87,"code":113664,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na = a.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,113666,113667,113683,113699,113703,113721],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,113668,113669,113671,113673,113675,113677,113679,113681],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,113670,635],{"class":100},[94,113672,105],{"class":104},[94,113674,10823],{"class":108},[94,113676,412],{"class":112},[94,113678,116],{"class":108},[94,113680,124],{"class":112},[94,113682,9641],{"class":108},[94,113684,113685,113687,113689,113691,113693,113695,113697],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,113686,2937],{"class":100},[94,113688,105],{"class":104},[94,113690,10823],{"class":108},[94,113692,763],{"class":112},[94,113694,116],{"class":108},[94,113696,421],{"class":112},[94,113698,9641],{"class":108},[94,113700,113701],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,113702,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,113704,113705,113707,113709,113711,113713,113715,113717,113719],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,113706,635],{"class":100},[94,113708,105],{"class":104},[94,113710,682],{"class":100},[94,113712,168],{"class":108},[94,113714,111572],{"class":152},[94,113716,149],{"class":108},[94,113718,1937],{"class":152},[94,113720,316],{"class":108},[94,113722,113723,113725,113727,113729],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,113724,326],{"class":145},[94,113726,149],{"class":108},[94,113728,434],{"class":152},[94,113730,316],{"class":108},[265,113732,113734],{"id":113733},"assuming-the-result-keeps-insertion-order","Assuming the result keeps insertion order",[24,113736,113737],{},"Sets are unordered. Do not rely on the printed order.",[85,113739,113741],{"className":87,"code":113740,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"a = {3, 1}\nb = {2, 4}\n\nprint(a.union(b))\n",[15,113742,113743,113759,113775,113779],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,113744,113745,113747,113749,113751,113753,113755,113757],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,113746,635],{"class":100},[94,113748,105],{"class":104},[94,113750,10823],{"class":108},[94,113752,113],{"class":112},[94,113754,116],{"class":108},[94,113756,119],{"class":112},[94,113758,9641],{"class":108},[94,113760,113761,113763,113765,113767,113769,113771,113773],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,113762,2937],{"class":100},[94,113764,105],{"class":104},[94,113766,10823],{"class":108},[94,113768,763],{"class":112},[94,113770,116],{"class":108},[94,113772,624],{"class":112},[94,113774,9641],{"class":108},[94,113776,113777],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,113778,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,113780,113781,113783,113785,113787,113789,113791,113793,113795],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,113782,326],{"class":145},[94,113784,149],{"class":108},[94,113786,434],{"class":152},[94,113788,168],{"class":108},[94,113790,111572],{"class":152},[94,113792,149],{"class":108},[94,113794,1937],{"class":152},[94,113796,921],{"class":108},[24,113798,113799],{},"The values may not appear in the order you expect.",[265,113801,113803],{"id":113802},"passing-a-string-and-forgetting-it-becomes-characters","Passing a string and forgetting it becomes characters",[85,113805,113807],{"className":87,"code":113806,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union(\"cat\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,113808,113809,113825,113847],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,113810,113811,113813,113815,113817,113819,113821,113823],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,113812,1314],{"class":100},[94,113814,105],{"class":104},[94,113816,10823],{"class":108},[94,113818,332],{"class":331},[94,113820,58451],{"class":335},[94,113822,332],{"class":331},[94,113824,9641],{"class":108},[94,113826,113827,113829,113831,113833,113835,113837,113839,113841,113843,113845],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,113828,305],{"class":100},[94,113830,105],{"class":104},[94,113832,6500],{"class":100},[94,113834,168],{"class":108},[94,113836,111572],{"class":152},[94,113838,149],{"class":108},[94,113840,332],{"class":331},[94,113842,37376],{"class":335},[94,113844,332],{"class":331},[94,113846,316],{"class":108},[94,113848,113849,113851,113853,113855],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,113850,326],{"class":145},[94,113852,149],{"class":108},[94,113854,902],{"class":152},[94,113856,316],{"class":108},[24,113858,113859,113860,2547,113862,17401,113864,113866,113867,113869],{},"This adds ",[15,113861,66805],{},[15,113863,18426],{},[15,113865,113355],{}," as separate items, not ",[15,113868,113339],{}," as one item.",[24,113871,113872],{},"If you want the whole string as one item, put it inside another iterable:",[85,113874,113876],{"className":87,"code":113875,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union([\"cat\"])\nprint(result)\n",[15,113877,113878,113894,113916],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,113879,113880,113882,113884,113886,113888,113890,113892],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,113881,1314],{"class":100},[94,113883,105],{"class":104},[94,113885,10823],{"class":108},[94,113887,332],{"class":331},[94,113889,58451],{"class":335},[94,113891,332],{"class":331},[94,113893,9641],{"class":108},[94,113895,113896,113898,113900,113902,113904,113906,113908,113910,113912,113914],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,113897,305],{"class":100},[94,113899,105],{"class":104},[94,113901,6500],{"class":100},[94,113903,168],{"class":108},[94,113905,111572],{"class":152},[94,113907,3342],{"class":108},[94,113909,332],{"class":331},[94,113911,37376],{"class":335},[94,113913,332],{"class":331},[94,113915,4234],{"class":108},[94,113917,113918,113920,113922,113924],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,113919,326],{"class":145},[94,113921,149],{"class":108},[94,113923,902],{"class":152},[94,113925,316],{"class":108},[265,113927,113929],{"id":113928},"trying-to-use-unhashable-values-like-lists-inside-a-set","Trying to use unhashable values like lists inside a set",[24,113931,3193],{},[85,113933,113935],{"className":87,"code":113934,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"my_set = {1, 2, [3, 4]}\n",[15,113936,113937],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,113938,113939,113941,113943,113945,113947,113949,113951,113953,113955,113957,113959,113961],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,113940,15956],{"class":100},[94,113942,105],{"class":104},[94,113944,10823],{"class":108},[94,113946,412],{"class":112},[94,113948,116],{"class":108},[94,113950,124],{"class":112},[94,113952,116],{"class":108},[94,113954,109],{"class":108},[94,113956,113],{"class":112},[94,113958,116],{"class":108},[94,113960,624],{"class":112},[94,113962,14033],{"class":108},[24,113964,113965],{},"Lists cannot be set items because they are mutable and unhashable.",[24,113967,113968,113969,384],{},"But a list can be used as an argument to ",[15,113970,103102],{},[85,113972,113974],{"className":87,"code":113973,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.union([3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,113975,113976,113992,114014],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,113977,113978,113980,113982,113984,113986,113988,113990],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,113979,15956],{"class":100},[94,113981,105],{"class":104},[94,113983,10823],{"class":108},[94,113985,412],{"class":112},[94,113987,116],{"class":108},[94,113989,124],{"class":112},[94,113991,9641],{"class":108},[94,113993,113994,113996,113998,114000,114002,114004,114006,114008,114010,114012],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,113995,305],{"class":100},[94,113997,105],{"class":104},[94,113999,97227],{"class":100},[94,114001,168],{"class":108},[94,114003,111572],{"class":152},[94,114005,3342],{"class":108},[94,114007,113],{"class":112},[94,114009,116],{"class":108},[94,114011,624],{"class":112},[94,114013,4234],{"class":108},[94,114015,114016,114018,114020,114022],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,114017,326],{"class":145},[94,114019,149],{"class":108},[94,114021,902],{"class":152},[94,114023,316],{"class":108},[80,114025,1971],{"id":1970},[24,114027,114028],{},"Beginners often run into problems because they:",[28,114030,114031,114037,114044,114047],{},[31,114032,114033,114034,114036],{},"call ",[15,114035,103102],{}," without saving the returned set",[31,114038,114039,114040,9037,114042],{},"confuse ",[15,114041,103102],{},[15,114043,15281],{},[31,114045,114046],{},"expect duplicates to remain in the result",[31,114048,114049],{},"use a list as a set item instead of as an iterable argument",[24,114051,114052,114053,1139,114057,168],{},"If you need a different set operation, compare this method with ",[434,114054,13,114055,567],{"href":103091},[15,114056,106876],{},[434,114058,13,114060,567],{"href":114059},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method\u002F",[15,114061,100722],{},[24,114063,62620],{},[85,114065,114067],{"className":87,"code":114066,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(result)\nhelp(set.union)\n",[15,114068,114069,114079,114093,114103],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,114070,114071,114073,114075,114077],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,114072,326],{"class":145},[94,114074,149],{"class":108},[94,114076,15994],{"class":152},[94,114078,316],{"class":108},[94,114080,114081,114083,114085,114087,114089,114091],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,114082,326],{"class":145},[94,114084,149],{"class":108},[94,114086,914],{"class":913},[94,114088,149],{"class":108},[94,114090,15994],{"class":152},[94,114092,921],{"class":108},[94,114094,114095,114097,114099,114101],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,114096,326],{"class":145},[94,114098,149],{"class":108},[94,114100,902],{"class":152},[94,114102,316],{"class":108},[94,114104,114105,114107,114109,114111,114113,114115],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,114106,2080],{"class":145},[94,114108,149],{"class":108},[94,114110,6619],{"class":913},[94,114112,168],{"class":108},[94,114114,111572],{"class":1377},[94,114116,316],{"class":108},[80,114118,2160],{"id":2159},[265,114120,13029,114122,103042],{"id":114121},"does-setunion-change-the-original-set",[15,114123,108346],{},[24,114125,103045],{},[265,114127,2191,114129,114131],{"id":114128},"can-union-combine-more-than-two-sets",[15,114130,103102],{}," combine more than two sets?",[24,114133,114134],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables in one call.",[265,114136,2201,114138,114140],{"id":114137},"can-i-use-union-with-a-list-or-tuple",[15,114139,103102],{}," with a list or tuple?",[24,114142,42483,114143,114145],{},[15,114144,103102],{}," accepts other iterables, not just sets.",[265,114147,114149],{"id":114148},"why-is-the-output-order-different-from-my-input","Why is the output order different from my input?",[24,114151,114152],{},"Sets are unordered, so their printed order is not guaranteed.",[265,114154,5514,114156,1139,114158,2170],{"id":114155},"what-is-the-difference-between-union-and",[15,114157,103102],{},[15,114159,114160],{},"|",[24,114162,114163,114164,114166,114167,114169],{},"They both combine sets. The ",[15,114165,114160],{}," operator is shorter, but ",[15,114168,103102],{}," can be clearer for beginners.",[80,114171,2232],{"id":2231},[28,114173,114174,114178,114184,114190,114196],{},[31,114175,114176],{},[434,114177,96631],{"href":97802},[31,114179,114180],{},[434,114181,13,114182,567],{"href":98822},[15,114183,97617],{},[31,114185,114186],{},[434,114187,13,114188,567],{"href":103091},[15,114189,106876],{},[31,114191,114192],{},[434,114193,13,114194,567],{"href":114059},[15,114195,100722],{},[31,114197,114198],{},[434,114199,100647],{"href":99380},[2260,114201,114202],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":90,"searchDepth":130,"depth":130,"links":114204},[114205,114206,114208,114209,114210,114211,114213,114219,114224,114231,114232,114243],{"id":2360,"depth":130,"text":2361},{"id":112302,"depth":130,"text":114207},"What set.union() does",{"id":2513,"depth":130,"text":2514},{"id":22300,"depth":130,"text":22301},{"id":11804,"depth":130,"text":11805},{"id":112789,"depth":130,"text":114212},"Using union() with multiple sets",{"id":112947,"depth":130,"text":114214,"children":114215},"Using union() with other iterables",[114216,114217,114218],{"id":112958,"depth":137,"text":112959},{"id":113078,"depth":137,"text":113079},{"id":113220,"depth":137,"text":113221},{"id":113358,"depth":130,"text":114220,"children":114221},"union() vs update()",[114222,114223],{"id":111572,"depth":137,"text":103102},{"id":30795,"depth":137,"text":15281},{"id":4861,"depth":130,"text":4862,"children":114225},[114226,114228,114229,114230],{"id":113565,"depth":137,"text":114227},"Expecting union() to change the original set",{"id":113733,"depth":137,"text":113734},{"id":113802,"depth":137,"text":113803},{"id":113928,"depth":137,"text":113929},{"id":1970,"depth":130,"text":1971},{"id":2159,"depth":130,"text":2160,"children":114233},[114234,114236,114238,114240,114241],{"id":114121,"depth":137,"text":114235},"Does set.union() change the original set?",{"id":114128,"depth":137,"text":114237},"Can union() combine more than two sets?",{"id":114137,"depth":137,"text":114239},"Can I use union() with a list or tuple?",{"id":114148,"depth":137,"text":114149},{"id":114155,"depth":137,"text":114242},"What is the difference between union() and |?",{"id":2231,"depth":130,"text":2232},"Master python set union method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":112182,"description":114244},"reference\u002Fpython-set-union-method","D6cPAK59nZf4j4OQgu4vv6gSQXcaH0E3a84fD3g94Kw",{"id":114250,"title":114251,"body":114252,"description":116141,"extension":2319,"meta":116142,"navigation":133,"path":97116,"seo":116143,"stem":116144,"__hash__":116145},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method.md","Python Set update() Method",{"type":7,"value":114253,"toc":116107},[114254,114259,114264,114272,114274,114332,114337,114342,114346,114358,114361,114435,114440,114442,114444,114463,114465,114482,114485,114512,114514,114584,114588,114590,114596,114598,114659,114664,114666,114723,114727,114732,114797,114799,114819,114826,114830,114835,114920,114923,114930,115033,115037,115042,115100,115103,115114,115128,115135,115193,115200,115203,115213,115217,115275,115279,115345,115348,115406,115413,115420,115423,115427,115436,115505,115509,115515,115603,115613,115617,115621,115625,115628,115689,115694,115751,115755,115757,115792,115799,115801,115855,115862,115866,115869,115934,115943,115949,116006,116008,116013,116017,116021,116024,116031,116039,116043,116048,116052,116058,116060,116095,116104],[10,114255,96503,114257,11651],{"id":114256},"python-set-update-method",[15,114258,15281],{},[24,114260,114261,114263],{},[15,114262,97617],{}," adds multiple items from another iterable into an existing set.",[24,114265,114266,114267,114271],{},"Use it when you want to change a set in place with values from a list, tuple, set, string, or another iterable. It is different from ",[434,114268,114269],{"href":98803},[15,114270,96511],{},", which adds only one item.",[80,114273,83],{"id":82},[85,114275,114277],{"className":87,"code":114276,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114278,114279,114295,114317,114327],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,114280,114281,114283,114285,114287,114289,114291,114293],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,114282,101],{"class":100},[94,114284,105],{"class":104},[94,114286,10823],{"class":108},[94,114288,412],{"class":112},[94,114290,116],{"class":108},[94,114292,124],{"class":112},[94,114294,9641],{"class":108},[94,114296,114297,114299,114301,114303,114305,114307,114309,114311,114313,114315],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,114298,153],{"class":100},[94,114300,168],{"class":108},[94,114302,30795],{"class":152},[94,114304,3342],{"class":108},[94,114306,763],{"class":112},[94,114308,116],{"class":108},[94,114310,421],{"class":112},[94,114312,116],{"class":108},[94,114314,624],{"class":112},[94,114316,4234],{"class":108},[94,114318,114319,114321,114323,114325],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,114320,326],{"class":145},[94,114322,149],{"class":108},[94,114324,153],{"class":152},[94,114326,316],{"class":108},[94,114328,114329],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,114330,114331],{"class":159},"# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[24,114333,54,114334,114336],{},[15,114335,15281],{}," to add multiple items from a list, tuple, set, or other iterable into an existing set.",[80,114338,215,114340,218],{"id":114339},"what-setupdate-does",[15,114341,97617],{},[24,114343,114344,384],{},[15,114345,97617],{},[28,114347,114348,114351,114353,114356],{},[31,114349,114350],{},"Adds items from another iterable into the current set",[31,114352,96618],{},[31,114354,114355],{},"Ignores duplicate values automatically",[31,114357,96621],{},[24,114359,114360],{},"This means the set itself is modified.",[85,114362,114364],{"className":87,"code":114363,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.update([\"blue\", \"green\"])\n\nprint(colors)\n# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,114365,114366,114390,114416,114420,114430],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,114367,114368,114370,114372,114374,114376,114378,114380,114382,114384,114386,114388],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,114369,13402],{"class":100},[94,114371,105],{"class":104},[94,114373,10823],{"class":108},[94,114375,332],{"class":331},[94,114377,13419],{"class":335},[94,114379,332],{"class":331},[94,114381,116],{"class":108},[94,114383,1040],{"class":331},[94,114385,13436],{"class":335},[94,114387,332],{"class":331},[94,114389,9641],{"class":108},[94,114391,114392,114394,114396,114398,114400,114402,114404,114406,114408,114410,114412,114414],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,114393,17832],{"class":100},[94,114395,168],{"class":108},[94,114397,30795],{"class":152},[94,114399,3342],{"class":108},[94,114401,332],{"class":331},[94,114403,13436],{"class":335},[94,114405,332],{"class":331},[94,114407,116],{"class":108},[94,114409,1040],{"class":331},[94,114411,17785],{"class":335},[94,114413,332],{"class":331},[94,114415,4234],{"class":108},[94,114417,114418],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,114419,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,114421,114422,114424,114426,114428],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,114423,326],{"class":145},[94,114425,149],{"class":108},[94,114427,17832],{"class":152},[94,114429,316],{"class":108},[94,114431,114432],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,114433,114434],{"class":159},"# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[24,114436,21309,114437,114439],{},[15,114438,111337],{}," was added again, it appears only once because sets store unique values.",[80,114441,2514],{"id":2513},[24,114443,7551],{},[85,114445,114447],{"className":87,"code":114446,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"my_set.update(iterable)\n",[15,114448,114449],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,114450,114451,114453,114455,114457,114459,114461],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,114452,15994],{"class":100},[94,114454,168],{"class":108},[94,114456,30795],{"class":152},[94,114458,149],{"class":108},[94,114460,4065],{"class":152},[94,114462,316],{"class":108},[24,114464,80508],{},[28,114466,114467,114470,114473,114476,114479],{},[31,114468,114469],{},"A list",[31,114471,114472],{},"A tuple",[31,114474,114475],{},"Another set",[31,114477,114478],{},"A string",[31,114480,114481],{},"Any other iterable",[24,114483,114484],{},"You can also pass multiple iterables at once:",[85,114486,114488],{"className":87,"code":114487,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"my_set.update(a, b, c)\n",[15,114489,114490],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,114491,114492,114494,114496,114498,114500,114502,114504,114506,114508,114510],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,114493,15994],{"class":100},[94,114495,168],{"class":108},[94,114497,30795],{"class":152},[94,114499,149],{"class":108},[94,114501,434],{"class":152},[94,114503,116],{"class":108},[94,114505,2914],{"class":152},[94,114507,116],{"class":108},[94,114509,10014],{"class":152},[94,114511,316],{"class":108},[24,114513,2566],{},[85,114515,114517],{"className":87,"code":114516,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"values = {1}\nvalues.update([2, 3], (4, 5), {6})\n\nprint(values)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[15,114518,114519,114531,114565,114569,114579],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,114520,114521,114523,114525,114527,114529],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,114522,4167],{"class":100},[94,114524,105],{"class":104},[94,114526,10823],{"class":108},[94,114528,412],{"class":112},[94,114530,9641],{"class":108},[94,114532,114533,114535,114537,114539,114541,114543,114545,114547,114549,114551,114553,114555,114557,114559,114561,114563],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,114534,5690],{"class":100},[94,114536,168],{"class":108},[94,114538,30795],{"class":152},[94,114540,3342],{"class":108},[94,114542,763],{"class":112},[94,114544,116],{"class":108},[94,114546,421],{"class":112},[94,114548,18392],{"class":108},[94,114550,854],{"class":108},[94,114552,857],{"class":112},[94,114554,116],{"class":108},[94,114556,772],{"class":112},[94,114558,9566],{"class":108},[94,114560,10823],{"class":108},[94,114562,80899],{"class":112},[94,114564,30827],{"class":108},[94,114566,114567],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,114568,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,114570,114571,114573,114575,114577],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,114572,326],{"class":145},[94,114574,149],{"class":108},[94,114576,5690],{"class":152},[94,114578,316],{"class":108},[94,114580,114581],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,114582,114583],{"class":159},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[24,114585,96627,114586,168],{},[434,114587,96635],{"href":98186},[80,114589,22301],{"id":22300},[24,114591,114592,74,114594,168],{},[15,114593,97617],{},[15,114595,77],{},[24,114597,12044],{},[85,114599,114601],{"className":87,"code":114600,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = {1, 2}\nresult = numbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,114602,114603,114619,114641,114645,114655],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,114604,114605,114607,114609,114611,114613,114615,114617],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,114606,101],{"class":100},[94,114608,105],{"class":104},[94,114610,10823],{"class":108},[94,114612,412],{"class":112},[94,114614,116],{"class":108},[94,114616,124],{"class":112},[94,114618,9641],{"class":108},[94,114620,114621,114623,114625,114627,114629,114631,114633,114635,114637,114639],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,114622,305],{"class":100},[94,114624,105],{"class":104},[94,114626,343],{"class":100},[94,114628,168],{"class":108},[94,114630,30795],{"class":152},[94,114632,3342],{"class":108},[94,114634,113],{"class":112},[94,114636,116],{"class":108},[94,114638,624],{"class":112},[94,114640,4234],{"class":108},[94,114642,114643],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,114644,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,114646,114647,114649,114651,114653],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,114648,326],{"class":145},[94,114650,149],{"class":108},[94,114652,902],{"class":152},[94,114654,316],{"class":108},[94,114656,114657],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,114658,62156],{"class":159},[24,114660,114661,114662,168],{},"The updated values are stored in the original set, not in ",[15,114663,902],{},[24,114665,19299],{},[85,114667,114669],{"className":87,"code":114668,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114670,114671,114687,114705,114709,114719],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,114672,114673,114675,114677,114679,114681,114683,114685],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,114674,101],{"class":100},[94,114676,105],{"class":104},[94,114678,10823],{"class":108},[94,114680,412],{"class":112},[94,114682,116],{"class":108},[94,114684,124],{"class":112},[94,114686,9641],{"class":108},[94,114688,114689,114691,114693,114695,114697,114699,114701,114703],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,114690,153],{"class":100},[94,114692,168],{"class":108},[94,114694,30795],{"class":152},[94,114696,3342],{"class":108},[94,114698,113],{"class":112},[94,114700,116],{"class":108},[94,114702,624],{"class":112},[94,114704,4234],{"class":108},[94,114706,114707],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,114708,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,114710,114711,114713,114715,114717],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,114712,326],{"class":145},[94,114714,149],{"class":108},[94,114716,153],{"class":152},[94,114718,316],{"class":108},[94,114720,114721],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,114722,114331],{"class":159},[80,114724,114726],{"id":114725},"example-update-with-a-list","Example: update with a list",[24,114728,114729,114730,168],{},"A list is one of the most common things to pass to ",[15,114731,15281],{},[85,114733,114735],{"className":87,"code":114734,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114736,114737,114753,114779,114783,114793],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,114738,114739,114741,114743,114745,114747,114749,114751],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,114740,101],{"class":100},[94,114742,105],{"class":104},[94,114744,10823],{"class":108},[94,114746,412],{"class":112},[94,114748,116],{"class":108},[94,114750,124],{"class":112},[94,114752,9641],{"class":108},[94,114754,114755,114757,114759,114761,114763,114765,114767,114769,114771,114773,114775,114777],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,114756,153],{"class":100},[94,114758,168],{"class":108},[94,114760,30795],{"class":152},[94,114762,3342],{"class":108},[94,114764,763],{"class":112},[94,114766,116],{"class":108},[94,114768,421],{"class":112},[94,114770,116],{"class":108},[94,114772,624],{"class":112},[94,114774,116],{"class":108},[94,114776,624],{"class":112},[94,114778,4234],{"class":108},[94,114780,114781],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,114782,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,114784,114785,114787,114789,114791],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,114786,326],{"class":145},[94,114788,149],{"class":108},[94,114790,153],{"class":152},[94,114792,316],{"class":108},[94,114794,114795],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,114796,114331],{"class":159},[24,114798,12014],{},[28,114800,114801,114806,114813],{},[31,114802,114803,114805],{},[15,114804,763],{}," is already in the set, so nothing changes for that value",[31,114807,114808,1139,114810,114812],{},[15,114809,113],{},[15,114811,857],{}," are added",[31,114814,114815,114816,114818],{},"The second ",[15,114817,857],{}," is ignored because sets do not keep duplicates",[24,114820,114821,114822,114825],{},"This is one reason sets are useful when you want unique values. For example, you can ",[434,114823,114824],{"href":99380},"remove duplicates from a list in Python"," by converting the list to a set.",[80,114827,114829],{"id":114828},"example-update-with-another-set","Example: update with another set",[24,114831,8096,114832,114834],{},[15,114833,15281],{}," to combine values from one set into another.",[85,114836,114838],{"className":87,"code":114837,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\nset_a.update(set_b)\n\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,114839,114840,114861,114882,114886,114902,114906,114916],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,114841,114842,114845,114847,114849,114851,114853,114855,114857,114859],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,114843,114844],{"class":100},"set_a ",[94,114846,105],{"class":104},[94,114848,10823],{"class":108},[94,114850,412],{"class":112},[94,114852,116],{"class":108},[94,114854,124],{"class":112},[94,114856,116],{"class":108},[94,114858,421],{"class":112},[94,114860,9641],{"class":108},[94,114862,114863,114866,114868,114870,114872,114874,114876,114878,114880],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,114864,114865],{"class":100},"set_b ",[94,114867,105],{"class":104},[94,114869,10823],{"class":108},[94,114871,113],{"class":112},[94,114873,116],{"class":108},[94,114875,624],{"class":112},[94,114877,116],{"class":108},[94,114879,772],{"class":112},[94,114881,9641],{"class":108},[94,114883,114884],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,114885,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,114887,114888,114891,114893,114895,114897,114900],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,114889,114890],{"class":100},"set_a",[94,114892,168],{"class":108},[94,114894,30795],{"class":152},[94,114896,149],{"class":108},[94,114898,114899],{"class":152},"set_b",[94,114901,316],{"class":108},[94,114903,114904],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,114905,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,114907,114908,114910,114912,114914],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,114909,326],{"class":145},[94,114911,149],{"class":108},[94,114913,114890],{"class":152},[94,114915,316],{"class":108},[94,114917,114918],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,114919,112294],{"class":159},[24,114921,114922],{},"This is useful when you want to keep only unique values and modify the original set.",[24,114924,114925,114926,168],{},"If you want a new combined set instead of changing the original, use ",[434,114927,114928],{"href":103099},[15,114929,108346],{},[85,114931,114933],{"className":87,"code":114932,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\ncombined = set_a.union(set_b)\n\nprint(combined)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,114934,114935,114955,114975,114979,114999,115003,115014,115018,115028],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,114936,114937,114939,114941,114943,114945,114947,114949,114951,114953],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,114938,114844],{"class":100},[94,114940,105],{"class":104},[94,114942,10823],{"class":108},[94,114944,412],{"class":112},[94,114946,116],{"class":108},[94,114948,124],{"class":112},[94,114950,116],{"class":108},[94,114952,421],{"class":112},[94,114954,9641],{"class":108},[94,114956,114957,114959,114961,114963,114965,114967,114969,114971,114973],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,114958,114865],{"class":100},[94,114960,105],{"class":104},[94,114962,10823],{"class":108},[94,114964,113],{"class":112},[94,114966,116],{"class":108},[94,114968,624],{"class":112},[94,114970,116],{"class":108},[94,114972,772],{"class":112},[94,114974,9641],{"class":108},[94,114976,114977],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,114978,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,114980,114981,114984,114986,114989,114991,114993,114995,114997],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,114982,114983],{"class":100},"combined ",[94,114985,105],{"class":104},[94,114987,114988],{"class":100}," set_a",[94,114990,168],{"class":108},[94,114992,111572],{"class":152},[94,114994,149],{"class":108},[94,114996,114899],{"class":152},[94,114998,316],{"class":108},[94,115000,115001],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,115002,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,115004,115005,115007,115009,115012],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,115006,326],{"class":145},[94,115008,149],{"class":108},[94,115010,115011],{"class":152},"combined",[94,115013,316],{"class":108},[94,115015,115016],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,115017,112294],{"class":159},[94,115019,115020,115022,115024,115026],{"class":96,"line":702},[94,115021,326],{"class":145},[94,115023,149],{"class":108},[94,115025,114890],{"class":152},[94,115027,316],{"class":108},[94,115029,115030],{"class":96,"line":6763},[94,115031,115032],{"class":159},"# {1, 2, 3}\n",[80,115034,115036],{"id":115035},"example-update-with-a-string","Example: update with a string",[24,115038,65063,115039,115041],{},[15,115040,15281],{}," adds each character separately.",[85,115043,115045],{"className":87,"code":115044,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"letters = {\"x\"}\nletters.update(\"cat\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[15,115046,115047,115063,115081,115085,115095],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,115048,115049,115051,115053,115055,115057,115059,115061],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,115050,36418],{"class":100},[94,115052,105],{"class":104},[94,115054,10823],{"class":108},[94,115056,332],{"class":331},[94,115058,2531],{"class":335},[94,115060,332],{"class":331},[94,115062,9641],{"class":108},[94,115064,115065,115067,115069,115071,115073,115075,115077,115079],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,115066,36471],{"class":100},[94,115068,168],{"class":108},[94,115070,30795],{"class":152},[94,115072,149],{"class":108},[94,115074,332],{"class":331},[94,115076,37376],{"class":335},[94,115078,332],{"class":331},[94,115080,316],{"class":108},[94,115082,115083],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,115084,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,115086,115087,115089,115091,115093],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,115088,326],{"class":145},[94,115090,149],{"class":108},[94,115092,36471],{"class":152},[94,115094,316],{"class":108},[94,115096,115097],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,115098,115099],{"class":159},"# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[24,115101,115102],{},"This often surprises beginners.",[24,115104,115105,14381,115108,115110,115111,115113],{},[15,115106,115107],{},"update(\"cat\")",[43,115109,45],{}," add ",[15,115112,113339],{}," as one item. It adds:",[28,115115,115116,115120,115124],{},[31,115117,115118],{},[15,115119,66805],{},[31,115121,115122],{},[15,115123,18426],{},[31,115125,115126],{},[15,115127,113355],{},[24,115129,115130,115131,384],{},"If you want to add one whole value, use ",[434,115132,115133],{"href":98803},[15,115134,96511],{},[85,115136,115138],{"className":87,"code":115137,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"words = {\"dog\"}\nwords.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(words)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,115139,115140,115156,115174,115178,115188],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,115141,115142,115144,115146,115148,115150,115152,115154],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,115143,1314],{"class":100},[94,115145,105],{"class":104},[94,115147,10823],{"class":108},[94,115149,332],{"class":331},[94,115151,58451],{"class":335},[94,115153,332],{"class":331},[94,115155,9641],{"class":108},[94,115157,115158,115160,115162,115164,115166,115168,115170,115172],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,115159,1362],{"class":100},[94,115161,168],{"class":108},[94,115163,82410],{"class":152},[94,115165,149],{"class":108},[94,115167,332],{"class":331},[94,115169,37376],{"class":335},[94,115171,332],{"class":331},[94,115173,316],{"class":108},[94,115175,115176],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,115177,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,115179,115180,115182,115184,115186],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,115181,326],{"class":145},[94,115183,149],{"class":108},[94,115185,1362],{"class":152},[94,115187,316],{"class":108},[94,115189,115190],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,115191,115192],{"class":159},"# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[80,115194,115196,18,115198],{"id":115195},"update-vs-add",[15,115197,15281],{},[15,115199,96506],{},[24,115201,115202],{},"The difference is simple:",[28,115204,115205,115209],{},[31,115206,115207,97105],{},[15,115208,96506],{},[31,115210,115211,97110],{},[15,115212,15281],{},[24,115214,46372,115215,384],{},[15,115216,96506],{},[85,115218,115220],{"className":87,"code":115219,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.add(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[15,115221,115222,115238,115256,115260,115270],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,115223,115224,115226,115228,115230,115232,115234,115236],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,115225,36567],{"class":100},[94,115227,105],{"class":104},[94,115229,10823],{"class":108},[94,115231,332],{"class":331},[94,115233,1332],{"class":335},[94,115235,332],{"class":331},[94,115237,9641],{"class":108},[94,115239,115240,115242,115244,115246,115248,115250,115252,115254],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,115241,36619],{"class":100},[94,115243,168],{"class":108},[94,115245,82410],{"class":152},[94,115247,149],{"class":108},[94,115249,332],{"class":331},[94,115251,4432],{"class":335},[94,115253,332],{"class":331},[94,115255,316],{"class":108},[94,115257,115258],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,115259,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,115261,115262,115264,115266,115268],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,115263,326],{"class":145},[94,115265,149],{"class":108},[94,115267,36619],{"class":152},[94,115269,316],{"class":108},[94,115271,115272],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,115273,115274],{"class":159},"# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[24,115276,46372,115277,384],{},[15,115278,15281],{},[85,115280,115282],{"className":87,"code":115281,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update([\"banana\", \"orange\"])\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[15,115283,115284,115300,115326,115330,115340],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,115285,115286,115288,115290,115292,115294,115296,115298],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,115287,36567],{"class":100},[94,115289,105],{"class":104},[94,115291,10823],{"class":108},[94,115293,332],{"class":331},[94,115295,1332],{"class":335},[94,115297,332],{"class":331},[94,115299,9641],{"class":108},[94,115301,115302,115304,115306,115308,115310,115312,115314,115316,115318,115320,115322,115324],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,115303,36619],{"class":100},[94,115305,168],{"class":108},[94,115307,30795],{"class":152},[94,115309,3342],{"class":108},[94,115311,332],{"class":331},[94,115313,4432],{"class":335},[94,115315,332],{"class":331},[94,115317,116],{"class":108},[94,115319,1040],{"class":331},[94,115321,33552],{"class":335},[94,115323,332],{"class":331},[94,115325,4234],{"class":108},[94,115327,115328],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,115329,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,115331,115332,115334,115336,115338],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,115333,326],{"class":145},[94,115335,149],{"class":108},[94,115337,36619],{"class":152},[94,115339,316],{"class":108},[94,115341,115342],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,115343,115344],{"class":159},"# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[24,115346,115347],{},"Important warning with strings:",[85,115349,115351],{"className":87,"code":115350,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update(\"kiwi\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[15,115352,115353,115369,115387,115391,115401],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,115354,115355,115357,115359,115361,115363,115365,115367],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,115356,36567],{"class":100},[94,115358,105],{"class":104},[94,115360,10823],{"class":108},[94,115362,332],{"class":331},[94,115364,1332],{"class":335},[94,115366,332],{"class":331},[94,115368,9641],{"class":108},[94,115370,115371,115373,115375,115377,115379,115381,115383,115385],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,115372,36619],{"class":100},[94,115374,168],{"class":108},[94,115376,30795],{"class":152},[94,115378,149],{"class":108},[94,115380,332],{"class":331},[94,115382,38671],{"class":335},[94,115384,332],{"class":331},[94,115386,316],{"class":108},[94,115388,115389],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,115390,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,115392,115393,115395,115397,115399],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,115394,326],{"class":145},[94,115396,149],{"class":108},[94,115398,36619],{"class":152},[94,115400,316],{"class":108},[94,115402,115403],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,115404,115405],{"class":159},"# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[24,115407,62431,115408,62504,115411,6963],{},[15,115409,115410],{},"\"kiwi\"",[15,115412,96506],{},[80,115414,115416,18,115418],{"id":115415},"update-vs-union",[15,115417,15281],{},[15,115419,103102],{},[24,115421,115422],{},"Both can combine values, but they work differently.",[265,115424,115425],{"id":30795},[15,115426,15281],{},[28,115428,115429,115432],{},[31,115430,115431],{},"Changes the existing set",[31,115433,11753,115434],{},[15,115435,77],{},[85,115437,115439],{"className":87,"code":115438,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,115440,115441,115457,115473,115477,115491,115501],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,115442,115443,115445,115447,115449,115451,115453,115455],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,115444,635],{"class":100},[94,115446,105],{"class":104},[94,115448,10823],{"class":108},[94,115450,412],{"class":112},[94,115452,116],{"class":108},[94,115454,124],{"class":112},[94,115456,9641],{"class":108},[94,115458,115459,115461,115463,115465,115467,115469,115471],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,115460,2937],{"class":100},[94,115462,105],{"class":104},[94,115464,10823],{"class":108},[94,115466,763],{"class":112},[94,115468,116],{"class":108},[94,115470,421],{"class":112},[94,115472,9641],{"class":108},[94,115474,115475],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,115476,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,115478,115479,115481,115483,115485,115487,115489],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,115480,434],{"class":100},[94,115482,168],{"class":108},[94,115484,30795],{"class":152},[94,115486,149],{"class":108},[94,115488,1937],{"class":152},[94,115490,316],{"class":108},[94,115492,115493,115495,115497,115499],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,115494,326],{"class":145},[94,115496,149],{"class":108},[94,115498,434],{"class":152},[94,115500,316],{"class":108},[94,115502,115503],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,115504,115032],{"class":159},[265,115506,115507],{"id":111572},[15,115508,103102],{},[28,115510,115511,115513],{},[31,115512,101640],{},[31,115514,101643],{},[85,115516,115518],{"className":87,"code":115517,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nc = a.union(b)\nprint(c)\n# {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2}\n",[15,115519,115520,115536,115552,115556,115574,115584,115588,115598],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,115521,115522,115524,115526,115528,115530,115532,115534],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,115523,635],{"class":100},[94,115525,105],{"class":104},[94,115527,10823],{"class":108},[94,115529,412],{"class":112},[94,115531,116],{"class":108},[94,115533,124],{"class":112},[94,115535,9641],{"class":108},[94,115537,115538,115540,115542,115544,115546,115548,115550],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,115539,2937],{"class":100},[94,115541,105],{"class":104},[94,115543,10823],{"class":108},[94,115545,763],{"class":112},[94,115547,116],{"class":108},[94,115549,421],{"class":112},[94,115551,9641],{"class":108},[94,115553,115554],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,115555,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,115557,115558,115560,115562,115564,115566,115568,115570,115572],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,115559,83490],{"class":100},[94,115561,105],{"class":104},[94,115563,682],{"class":100},[94,115565,168],{"class":108},[94,115567,111572],{"class":152},[94,115569,149],{"class":108},[94,115571,1937],{"class":152},[94,115573,316],{"class":108},[94,115575,115576,115578,115580,115582],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,115577,326],{"class":145},[94,115579,149],{"class":108},[94,115581,1946],{"class":152},[94,115583,316],{"class":108},[94,115585,115586],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,115587,115032],{"class":159},[94,115589,115590,115592,115594,115596],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,115591,326],{"class":145},[94,115593,149],{"class":108},[94,115595,434],{"class":152},[94,115597,316],{"class":108},[94,115599,115600],{"class":96,"line":702},[94,115601,115602],{"class":159},"# {1, 2}\n",[24,115604,107988,115605,115607,115608,115612],{},[15,115606,15281],{}," when you want to modify the original set in place. Choose ",[434,115609,115610],{"href":103099},[15,115611,103102],{}," when you want a new set.",[80,115614,115616],{"id":115615},"common-errors-and-confusion","Common errors and confusion",[24,115618,11076,115619,168],{},[15,115620,97617],{},[265,115622,115624],{"id":115623},"_1-saving-the-return-value","1. Saving the return value",[24,115626,115627],{},"This is wrong if you expect a set back:",[85,115629,115631],{"className":87,"code":115630,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,115632,115633,115649,115671,115675,115685],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,115634,115635,115637,115639,115641,115643,115645,115647],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,115636,15956],{"class":100},[94,115638,105],{"class":104},[94,115640,10823],{"class":108},[94,115642,412],{"class":112},[94,115644,116],{"class":108},[94,115646,124],{"class":112},[94,115648,9641],{"class":108},[94,115650,115651,115653,115655,115657,115659,115661,115663,115665,115667,115669],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,115652,305],{"class":100},[94,115654,105],{"class":104},[94,115656,97227],{"class":100},[94,115658,168],{"class":108},[94,115660,30795],{"class":152},[94,115662,3342],{"class":108},[94,115664,113],{"class":112},[94,115666,116],{"class":108},[94,115668,624],{"class":112},[94,115670,4234],{"class":108},[94,115672,115673],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,115674,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,115676,115677,115679,115681,115683],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,115678,326],{"class":145},[94,115680,149],{"class":108},[94,115682,902],{"class":152},[94,115684,316],{"class":108},[94,115686,115687],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,115688,62156],{"class":159},[24,115690,115691,115692,384],{},"Use the original set after calling ",[15,115693,15281],{},[85,115695,115697],{"className":87,"code":115696,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,115698,115699,115715,115733,115737,115747],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,115700,115701,115703,115705,115707,115709,115711,115713],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,115702,15956],{"class":100},[94,115704,105],{"class":104},[94,115706,10823],{"class":108},[94,115708,412],{"class":112},[94,115710,116],{"class":108},[94,115712,124],{"class":112},[94,115714,9641],{"class":108},[94,115716,115717,115719,115721,115723,115725,115727,115729,115731],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,115718,15994],{"class":100},[94,115720,168],{"class":108},[94,115722,30795],{"class":152},[94,115724,3342],{"class":108},[94,115726,113],{"class":112},[94,115728,116],{"class":108},[94,115730,624],{"class":112},[94,115732,4234],{"class":108},[94,115734,115735],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,115736,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,115738,115739,115741,115743,115745],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,115740,326],{"class":145},[94,115742,149],{"class":108},[94,115744,15994],{"class":152},[94,115746,316],{"class":108},[94,115748,115749],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,115750,114331],{"class":159},[265,115752,115754],{"id":115753},"_2-passing-a-non-iterable","2. Passing a non-iterable",[24,115756,3193],{},[85,115758,115760],{"className":87,"code":115759,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update(5)\n",[15,115761,115762,115778],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,115763,115764,115766,115768,115770,115772,115774,115776],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,115765,15956],{"class":100},[94,115767,105],{"class":104},[94,115769,10823],{"class":108},[94,115771,412],{"class":112},[94,115773,116],{"class":108},[94,115775,124],{"class":112},[94,115777,9641],{"class":108},[94,115779,115780,115782,115784,115786,115788,115790],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,115781,15994],{"class":100},[94,115783,168],{"class":108},[94,115785,30795],{"class":152},[94,115787,149],{"class":108},[94,115789,615],{"class":112},[94,115791,316],{"class":108},[24,115793,62610,115794,8935,115796,115798],{},[15,115795,3361],{},[15,115797,615],{}," is an integer, not an iterable.",[24,115800,6886],{},[85,115802,115804],{"className":87,"code":115803,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([5])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 5}\n",[15,115805,115806,115822,115836,115840,115850],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,115807,115808,115810,115812,115814,115816,115818,115820],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,115809,15956],{"class":100},[94,115811,105],{"class":104},[94,115813,10823],{"class":108},[94,115815,412],{"class":112},[94,115817,116],{"class":108},[94,115819,124],{"class":112},[94,115821,9641],{"class":108},[94,115823,115824,115826,115828,115830,115832,115834],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,115825,15994],{"class":100},[94,115827,168],{"class":108},[94,115829,30795],{"class":152},[94,115831,3342],{"class":108},[94,115833,615],{"class":112},[94,115835,4234],{"class":108},[94,115837,115838],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,115839,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,115841,115842,115844,115846,115848],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,115843,326],{"class":145},[94,115845,149],{"class":108},[94,115847,15994],{"class":152},[94,115849,316],{"class":108},[94,115851,115852],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,115853,115854],{"class":159},"# {1, 2, 5}\n",[24,115856,46245,115857,168],{},[434,115858,26011,115859],{"href":52929},[15,115860,115861],{},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable",[265,115863,115865],{"id":115864},"_3-expecting-duplicates-to-stay","3. Expecting duplicates to stay",[24,115867,115868],{},"Sets only keep unique values.",[85,115870,115872],{"className":87,"code":115871,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([2, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,115873,115874,115890,115916,115920,115930],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,115875,115876,115878,115880,115882,115884,115886,115888],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,115877,15956],{"class":100},[94,115879,105],{"class":104},[94,115881,10823],{"class":108},[94,115883,412],{"class":112},[94,115885,116],{"class":108},[94,115887,124],{"class":112},[94,115889,9641],{"class":108},[94,115891,115892,115894,115896,115898,115900,115902,115904,115906,115908,115910,115912,115914],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,115893,15994],{"class":100},[94,115895,168],{"class":108},[94,115897,30795],{"class":152},[94,115899,3342],{"class":108},[94,115901,763],{"class":112},[94,115903,116],{"class":108},[94,115905,124],{"class":112},[94,115907,116],{"class":108},[94,115909,124],{"class":112},[94,115911,116],{"class":108},[94,115913,421],{"class":112},[94,115915,4234],{"class":108},[94,115917,115918],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,115919,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,115921,115922,115924,115926,115928],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,115923,326],{"class":145},[94,115925,149],{"class":108},[94,115927,15994],{"class":152},[94,115929,316],{"class":108},[94,115931,115932],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,115933,115032],{"class":159},[265,115935,115937,115938,44961,115940,115942],{"id":115936},"_4-using-update-when-add-is-better","4. Using ",[15,115939,15281],{},[15,115941,96506],{}," is better",[24,115944,115945,115946,115948],{},"If you want to add one single value, especially a string, ",[15,115947,96506],{}," is usually the better choice.",[85,115950,115952],{"className":87,"code":115951,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"my_set = {\"dog\"}\nmy_set.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,115953,115954,115970,115988,115992,116002],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,115955,115956,115958,115960,115962,115964,115966,115968],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,115957,15956],{"class":100},[94,115959,105],{"class":104},[94,115961,10823],{"class":108},[94,115963,332],{"class":331},[94,115965,58451],{"class":335},[94,115967,332],{"class":331},[94,115969,9641],{"class":108},[94,115971,115972,115974,115976,115978,115980,115982,115984,115986],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,115973,15994],{"class":100},[94,115975,168],{"class":108},[94,115977,82410],{"class":152},[94,115979,149],{"class":108},[94,115981,332],{"class":331},[94,115983,37376],{"class":335},[94,115985,332],{"class":331},[94,115987,316],{"class":108},[94,115989,115990],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,115991,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,115993,115994,115996,115998,116000],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,115995,326],{"class":145},[94,115997,149],{"class":108},[94,115999,15994],{"class":152},[94,116001,316],{"class":108},[94,116003,116004],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,116005,115192],{"class":159},[80,116007,2160],{"id":2159},[265,116009,13029,116011,97596],{"id":116010},"does-setupdate-return-a-new-set",[15,116012,97617],{},[24,116014,97599,116015,168],{},[15,116016,77],{},[265,116018,2201,116019,32557],{"id":32554},[15,116020,15281],{},[24,116022,116023],{},"Yes. Any iterable like a list, tuple, set, or string can be used.",[265,116025,5514,116027,1139,116029,2170],{"id":116026},"what-is-the-difference-between-add-and-update",[15,116028,96506],{},[15,116030,15281],{},[24,116032,116033,116035,116036,116038],{},[15,116034,96506],{}," adds one item. ",[15,116037,15281],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable.",[265,116040,116042],{"id":116041},"why-did-my-string-get-split-into-letters","Why did my string get split into letters?",[24,116044,116045,116046,115041],{},"Because strings are iterable, so ",[15,116047,15281],{},[265,116049,116051],{"id":116050},"how-do-i-combine-two-sets-without-changing-the-original","How do I combine two sets without changing the original?",[24,116053,54,116054,11420,116056,168],{},[15,116055,103102],{},[15,116057,15281],{},[80,116059,2232],{"id":2231},[28,116061,116062,116069,116076,116082,116088],{},[31,116063,116064],{},[434,116065,116066],{"href":98803},[15,116067,116068],{},"Python set add() method",[31,116070,116071],{},[434,116072,116073],{"href":103099},[15,116074,116075],{},"Python set union() method",[31,116077,116078],{},[434,116079,116080],{"href":98186},[15,116081,97641],{},[31,116083,116084],{},[434,116085,116086],{"href":99380},[15,116087,100647],{},[31,116089,116090],{},[434,116091,116092,116094],{"href":52929},[15,116093,115861],{}," fix",[24,116096,116097,116098,116100,116101,116103],{},"Next, learn when to use ",[15,116099,96511],{}," for a single value and ",[15,116102,108346],{}," when you want a new combined set without changing the original.",[2260,116105,116106],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":90,"searchDepth":130,"depth":130,"links":116108},[116109,116110,116112,116113,116114,116115,116116,116117,116119,116124,116131,116140],{"id":82,"depth":130,"text":83},{"id":114339,"depth":130,"text":116111},"What set.update() does",{"id":2513,"depth":130,"text":2514},{"id":22300,"depth":130,"text":22301},{"id":114725,"depth":130,"text":114726},{"id":114828,"depth":130,"text":114829},{"id":115035,"depth":130,"text":115036},{"id":115195,"depth":130,"text":116118},"update() vs add()",{"id":115415,"depth":130,"text":116120,"children":116121},"update() vs union()",[116122,116123],{"id":30795,"depth":137,"text":15281},{"id":111572,"depth":137,"text":103102},{"id":115615,"depth":130,"text":115616,"children":116125},[116126,116127,116128,116129],{"id":115623,"depth":137,"text":115624},{"id":115753,"depth":137,"text":115754},{"id":115864,"depth":137,"text":115865},{"id":115936,"depth":137,"text":116130},"4. Using update() when add() is better",{"id":2159,"depth":130,"text":2160,"children":116132},[116133,116135,116136,116138,116139],{"id":116010,"depth":137,"text":116134},"Does set.update() return a new set?",{"id":32554,"depth":137,"text":32627},{"id":116026,"depth":137,"text":116137},"What is the difference between add() and update()?",{"id":116041,"depth":137,"text":116042},{"id":116050,"depth":137,"text":116051},{"id":2231,"depth":130,"text":2232},"Master python set update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":114251,"description":116141},"reference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","O92kX80vUFExg-dtCXumAvm7IuzEHXgSTW4bzDeyLc8",{"id":116147,"title":116148,"body":116149,"description":117915,"extension":2319,"meta":117916,"navigation":133,"path":14117,"seo":117917,"stem":117918,"__hash__":117919},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained.md","Python shallow copy vs deep copy Explained",{"type":7,"value":116150,"toc":117890},[116151,116154,116157,116160,116171,116179,116182,116184,116333,116345,116349,116366,116370,116378,116380,116391,116393,116490,116496,116499,116595,116604,116609,116613,116618,116620,116630,116632,116741,116749,116753,116756,116759,116776,116782,116862,116865,116869,116872,116876,116879,116938,116941,116945,116948,117040,117044,117047,117154,117158,117164,117192,117194,117276,117286,117290,117293,117304,117307,117392,117395,117400,117404,117407,117418,117421,117563,117566,117570,117573,117587,117590,117651,117657,117659,117662,117684,117687,117787,117790,117822,117824,117828,117831,117833,117836,117840,117843,117847,117850,117854,117857,117859,117887],[10,116152,116148],{"id":116153},"python-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained",[24,116155,116156],{},"When you copy data in Python, the result is not always fully independent from the original.",[24,116158,116159],{},"This is especially important with nested data, such as:",[28,116161,116162,116165,116168],{},[31,116163,116164],{},"a list inside another list",[31,116166,116167],{},"a dictionary containing lists",[31,116169,116170],{},"a list of dictionaries",[24,116172,100569,116173,1139,116175,116178],{},[43,116174,13176],{},[43,116176,116177],{},"deep copy"," is about what gets copied and what stays shared.",[24,116180,116181],{},"If you get this wrong, changing one object can unexpectedly change another.",[80,116183,2361],{"id":2360},[85,116185,116187],{"className":87,"code":116186,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = copy.copy(original)\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(shallow)   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(deep)      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[15,116188,116189,116196,116200,116226,116246,116266,116270,116288,116292,116305,116319],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,116190,116191,116193],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,116192,35418],{"class":4221},[94,116194,116195],{"class":100}," copy\n",[94,116197,116198],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,116199,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,116201,116202,116204,116206,116208,116210,116212,116214,116216,116218,116220,116222,116224],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,116203,12413],{"class":100},[94,116205,105],{"class":104},[94,116207,56618],{"class":108},[94,116209,412],{"class":112},[94,116211,116],{"class":108},[94,116213,124],{"class":112},[94,116215,18392],{"class":108},[94,116217,109],{"class":108},[94,116219,113],{"class":112},[94,116221,116],{"class":108},[94,116223,624],{"class":112},[94,116225,53571],{"class":108},[94,116227,116228,116231,116233,116236,116238,116240,116242,116244],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,116229,116230],{"class":100},"shallow ",[94,116232,105],{"class":104},[94,116234,116235],{"class":100}," copy",[94,116237,168],{"class":108},[94,116239,13237],{"class":152},[94,116241,149],{"class":108},[94,116243,381],{"class":152},[94,116245,316],{"class":108},[94,116247,116248,116251,116253,116255,116257,116260,116262,116264],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,116249,116250],{"class":100},"deep ",[94,116252,105],{"class":104},[94,116254,116235],{"class":100},[94,116256,168],{"class":108},[94,116258,116259],{"class":152},"deepcopy",[94,116261,149],{"class":108},[94,116263,381],{"class":152},[94,116265,316],{"class":108},[94,116267,116268],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,116269,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,116271,116272,116274,116276,116278,116280,116282,116284,116286],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,116273,381],{"class":100},[94,116275,539],{"class":108},[94,116277,2476],{"class":112},[94,116279,13877],{"class":108},[94,116281,13880],{"class":152},[94,116283,149],{"class":108},[94,116285,56671],{"class":112},[94,116287,316],{"class":108},[94,116289,116290],{"class":96,"line":702},[94,116291,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,116293,116294,116296,116298,116300,116302],{"class":96,"line":6763},[94,116295,326],{"class":145},[94,116297,149],{"class":108},[94,116299,381],{"class":152},[94,116301,156],{"class":108},[94,116303,116304],{"class":159},"  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[94,116306,116307,116309,116311,116314,116316],{"class":96,"line":6768},[94,116308,326],{"class":145},[94,116310,149],{"class":108},[94,116312,116313],{"class":152},"shallow",[94,116315,156],{"class":108},[94,116317,116318],{"class":159},"   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[94,116320,116321,116323,116325,116328,116330],{"class":96,"line":11925},[94,116322,326],{"class":145},[94,116324,149],{"class":108},[94,116326,116327],{"class":152},"deep",[94,116329,156],{"class":108},[94,116331,116332],{"class":159},"      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[24,116334,54,116335,116338,116339,1139,116341,116344],{},[15,116336,116337],{},"copy.copy()"," for a ",[43,116340,13176],{},[15,116342,116343],{},"copy.deepcopy()"," when you need fully independent nested objects.",[80,116346,116348],{"id":116347},"what-this-page-helps-you-understand","What this page helps you understand",[28,116350,116351,116354,116357,116360,116363],{},[31,116352,116353],{},"What a copy means in Python",[31,116355,116356],{},"How shallow copy works",[31,116358,116359],{},"How deep copy works",[31,116361,116362],{},"Why nested objects cause confusion",[31,116364,116365],{},"When to use each approach",[80,116367,116369],{"id":116368},"what-a-shallow-copy-does","What a shallow copy does",[24,116371,15516,116372,116374,116375,116377],{},[43,116373,13176],{}," creates a new outer object, but it does ",[43,116376,45],{}," fully copy the nested objects inside it.",[24,116379,2463],{},[28,116381,116382,116385,116388],{},[31,116383,116384],{},"the outer container is new",[31,116386,116387],{},"inner lists or dictionaries may still be shared",[31,116389,116390],{},"changing a nested mutable object can affect both versions",[24,116392,2566],{},[85,116394,116396],{"className":87,"code":116395,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append([5, 6])\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[15,116397,116398,116424,116438,116442,116460,116464,116477],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,116399,116400,116402,116404,116406,116408,116410,116412,116414,116416,116418,116420,116422],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,116401,12413],{"class":100},[94,116403,105],{"class":104},[94,116405,56618],{"class":108},[94,116407,412],{"class":112},[94,116409,116],{"class":108},[94,116411,124],{"class":112},[94,116413,18392],{"class":108},[94,116415,109],{"class":108},[94,116417,113],{"class":112},[94,116419,116],{"class":108},[94,116421,624],{"class":112},[94,116423,53571],{"class":108},[94,116425,116426,116428,116430,116432,116434,116436],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,116427,14639],{"class":100},[94,116429,105],{"class":104},[94,116431,12486],{"class":100},[94,116433,168],{"class":108},[94,116435,13237],{"class":152},[94,116437,511],{"class":108},[94,116439,116440],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,116441,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,116443,116444,116446,116448,116450,116452,116454,116456,116458],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,116445,14658],{"class":100},[94,116447,168],{"class":108},[94,116449,13880],{"class":152},[94,116451,3342],{"class":108},[94,116453,615],{"class":112},[94,116455,116],{"class":108},[94,116457,37973],{"class":112},[94,116459,4234],{"class":108},[94,116461,116462],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,116463,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,116465,116466,116468,116470,116472,116474],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,116467,326],{"class":145},[94,116469,149],{"class":108},[94,116471,381],{"class":152},[94,116473,156],{"class":108},[94,116475,116476],{"class":159},"  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[94,116478,116479,116481,116483,116485,116487],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,116480,326],{"class":145},[94,116482,149],{"class":108},[94,116484,14658],{"class":152},[94,116486,156],{"class":108},[94,116488,116489],{"class":159},"    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[24,116491,116492,116493,116495],{},"In this case, appending a new top-level item only changes ",[15,116494,14658],{},", because the outer list is different.",[24,116497,116498],{},"But now look at a nested change:",[85,116500,116502],{"className":87,"code":116501,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,116503,116504,116530,116544,116548,116566,116570,116582],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,116505,116506,116508,116510,116512,116514,116516,116518,116520,116522,116524,116526,116528],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,116507,12413],{"class":100},[94,116509,105],{"class":104},[94,116511,56618],{"class":108},[94,116513,412],{"class":112},[94,116515,116],{"class":108},[94,116517,124],{"class":112},[94,116519,18392],{"class":108},[94,116521,109],{"class":108},[94,116523,113],{"class":112},[94,116525,116],{"class":108},[94,116527,624],{"class":112},[94,116529,53571],{"class":108},[94,116531,116532,116534,116536,116538,116540,116542],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,116533,14639],{"class":100},[94,116535,105],{"class":104},[94,116537,12486],{"class":100},[94,116539,168],{"class":108},[94,116541,13237],{"class":152},[94,116543,511],{"class":108},[94,116545,116546],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,116547,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,116549,116550,116552,116554,116556,116558,116560,116562,116564],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,116551,14658],{"class":100},[94,116553,539],{"class":108},[94,116555,2476],{"class":112},[94,116557,13877],{"class":108},[94,116559,13880],{"class":152},[94,116561,149],{"class":108},[94,116563,56671],{"class":112},[94,116565,316],{"class":108},[94,116567,116568],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,116569,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,116571,116572,116574,116576,116578,116580],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,116573,326],{"class":145},[94,116575,149],{"class":108},[94,116577,381],{"class":152},[94,116579,156],{"class":108},[94,116581,116304],{"class":159},[94,116583,116584,116586,116588,116590,116592],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,116585,326],{"class":145},[94,116587,149],{"class":108},[94,116589,14658],{"class":152},[94,116591,156],{"class":108},[94,116593,116594],{"class":159},"    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[24,116596,116597,116598,1139,116600,116603],{},"Both changed because ",[15,116599,56775],{},[15,116601,116602],{},"copied[0]"," point to the same inner list.",[24,116605,116606,116607,168],{},"If you are new to this, it helps to first understand ",[434,116608,44267],{"href":12392},[80,116610,116612],{"id":116611},"what-a-deep-copy-does","What a deep copy does",[24,116614,15516,116615,116617],{},[43,116616,116177],{}," creates a new outer object and also recursively copies the nested objects inside it.",[24,116619,2463],{},[28,116621,116622,116624,116627],{},[31,116623,116384],{},[31,116625,116626],{},"nested mutable objects are also new",[31,116628,116629],{},"changes inside nested structures do not affect the original",[24,116631,2566],{},[85,116633,116635],{"className":87,"code":116634,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,116636,116637,116643,116647,116673,116691,116695,116713,116717,116729],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,116638,116639,116641],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,116640,35418],{"class":4221},[94,116642,116195],{"class":100},[94,116644,116645],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,116646,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,116648,116649,116651,116653,116655,116657,116659,116661,116663,116665,116667,116669,116671],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,116650,12413],{"class":100},[94,116652,105],{"class":104},[94,116654,56618],{"class":108},[94,116656,412],{"class":112},[94,116658,116],{"class":108},[94,116660,124],{"class":112},[94,116662,18392],{"class":108},[94,116664,109],{"class":108},[94,116666,113],{"class":112},[94,116668,116],{"class":108},[94,116670,624],{"class":112},[94,116672,53571],{"class":108},[94,116674,116675,116677,116679,116681,116683,116685,116687,116689],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,116676,14639],{"class":100},[94,116678,105],{"class":104},[94,116680,116235],{"class":100},[94,116682,168],{"class":108},[94,116684,116259],{"class":152},[94,116686,149],{"class":108},[94,116688,381],{"class":152},[94,116690,316],{"class":108},[94,116692,116693],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,116694,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,116696,116697,116699,116701,116703,116705,116707,116709,116711],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,116698,14658],{"class":100},[94,116700,539],{"class":108},[94,116702,2476],{"class":112},[94,116704,13877],{"class":108},[94,116706,13880],{"class":152},[94,116708,149],{"class":108},[94,116710,56671],{"class":112},[94,116712,316],{"class":108},[94,116714,116715],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,116716,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,116718,116719,116721,116723,116725,116727],{"class":96,"line":702},[94,116720,326],{"class":145},[94,116722,149],{"class":108},[94,116724,381],{"class":152},[94,116726,156],{"class":108},[94,116728,116476],{"class":159},[94,116730,116731,116733,116735,116737,116739],{"class":96,"line":6763},[94,116732,326],{"class":145},[94,116734,149],{"class":108},[94,116736,14658],{"class":152},[94,116738,156],{"class":108},[94,116740,116594],{"class":159},[24,116742,116743,116744,116746,116747,168],{},"Here, the inner list was copied too, so changing ",[15,116745,116602],{}," does not change ",[15,116748,56775],{},[80,116750,116752],{"id":116751},"why-beginners-get-confused","Why beginners get confused",[24,116754,116755],{},"This topic is confusing because copying often appears to work at first.",[24,116757,116758],{},"Common reasons:",[28,116760,116761,116764,116767,116773],{},[31,116762,116763],{},"Simple lists of numbers often behave as expected",[31,116765,116766],{},"Problems usually appear only with nested lists or dictionaries",[31,116768,116769,116770,116772],{},"Assignment with ",[15,116771,105],{}," does not make a copy",[31,116774,116775],{},"Some methods make shallow copies, not deep copies",[24,116777,116778,116779,116781],{},"For example, this does ",[43,116780,45],{}," create a copy:",[85,116783,116785],{"className":87,"code":116784,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,116786,116787,116807,116815,116819,116833,116837,116849],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,116788,116789,116791,116793,116795,116797,116799,116801,116803,116805],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,116790,12413],{"class":100},[94,116792,105],{"class":104},[94,116794,109],{"class":108},[94,116796,412],{"class":112},[94,116798,116],{"class":108},[94,116800,124],{"class":112},[94,116802,116],{"class":108},[94,116804,421],{"class":112},[94,116806,127],{"class":108},[94,116808,116809,116811,116813],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,116810,14639],{"class":100},[94,116812,105],{"class":104},[94,116814,12451],{"class":100},[94,116816,116817],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,116818,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,116820,116821,116823,116825,116827,116829,116831],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,116822,14658],{"class":100},[94,116824,168],{"class":108},[94,116826,13880],{"class":152},[94,116828,149],{"class":108},[94,116830,857],{"class":112},[94,116832,316],{"class":108},[94,116834,116835],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,116836,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,116838,116839,116841,116843,116845,116847],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,116840,326],{"class":145},[94,116842,149],{"class":108},[94,116844,381],{"class":152},[94,116846,156],{"class":108},[94,116848,56026],{"class":159},[94,116850,116851,116853,116855,116857,116859],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,116852,326],{"class":145},[94,116854,149],{"class":108},[94,116856,14658],{"class":152},[94,116858,156],{"class":108},[94,116860,116861],{"class":159},"    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[24,116863,116864],{},"Both names refer to the same list.",[80,116866,116868],{"id":116867},"assignment-vs-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy","Assignment vs shallow copy vs deep copy",[24,116870,116871],{},"These three ideas are different.",[265,116873,116875],{"id":116874},"assignment","Assignment",[24,116877,116878],{},"With assignment, both names point to the same object.",[85,116880,116882],{"className":87,"code":116881,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nassigned = original\n\nprint(original is assigned)  # True\n",[15,116883,116884,116910,116918,116922],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,116885,116886,116888,116890,116892,116894,116896,116898,116900,116902,116904,116906,116908],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,116887,12413],{"class":100},[94,116889,105],{"class":104},[94,116891,56618],{"class":108},[94,116893,412],{"class":112},[94,116895,116],{"class":108},[94,116897,124],{"class":112},[94,116899,18392],{"class":108},[94,116901,109],{"class":108},[94,116903,113],{"class":112},[94,116905,116],{"class":108},[94,116907,624],{"class":112},[94,116909,53571],{"class":108},[94,116911,116912,116914,116916],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,116913,14430],{"class":100},[94,116915,105],{"class":104},[94,116917,12451],{"class":100},[94,116919,116920],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,116921,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,116923,116924,116926,116928,116930,116932,116934,116936],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,116925,326],{"class":145},[94,116927,149],{"class":108},[94,116929,12413],{"class":152},[94,116931,12519],{"class":4221},[94,116933,14498],{"class":152},[94,116935,156],{"class":108},[94,116937,4010],{"class":159},[24,116939,116940],{},"Changing one changes the other.",[265,116942,116944],{"id":116943},"shallow-copy","Shallow copy",[24,116946,116947],{},"With a shallow copy, the outer object is new, but inner objects are shared.",[85,116949,116951],{"className":87,"code":116950,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = original.copy()\n\nprint(original is shallow)      # False\nprint(original[0] is shallow[0])  # True\n",[15,116952,116953,116979,116993,116997,117014],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,116954,116955,116957,116959,116961,116963,116965,116967,116969,116971,116973,116975,116977],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,116956,12413],{"class":100},[94,116958,105],{"class":104},[94,116960,56618],{"class":108},[94,116962,412],{"class":112},[94,116964,116],{"class":108},[94,116966,124],{"class":112},[94,116968,18392],{"class":108},[94,116970,109],{"class":108},[94,116972,113],{"class":112},[94,116974,116],{"class":108},[94,116976,624],{"class":112},[94,116978,53571],{"class":108},[94,116980,116981,116983,116985,116987,116989,116991],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,116982,116230],{"class":100},[94,116984,105],{"class":104},[94,116986,12486],{"class":100},[94,116988,168],{"class":108},[94,116990,13237],{"class":152},[94,116992,511],{"class":108},[94,116994,116995],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,116996,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,116998,116999,117001,117003,117005,117007,117010,117012],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,117000,326],{"class":145},[94,117002,149],{"class":108},[94,117004,12413],{"class":152},[94,117006,12519],{"class":4221},[94,117008,117009],{"class":152}," shallow",[94,117011,156],{"class":108},[94,117013,21532],{"class":159},[94,117015,117016,117018,117020,117022,117024,117026,117028,117030,117032,117034,117036,117038],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,117017,326],{"class":145},[94,117019,149],{"class":108},[94,117021,381],{"class":152},[94,117023,539],{"class":108},[94,117025,2476],{"class":112},[94,117027,13600],{"class":108},[94,117029,8431],{"class":4221},[94,117031,117009],{"class":152},[94,117033,539],{"class":108},[94,117035,2476],{"class":112},[94,117037,20777],{"class":108},[94,117039,4010],{"class":159},[265,117041,117043],{"id":117042},"deep-copy","Deep copy",[24,117045,117046],{},"With a deep copy, both the outer object and inner objects are copied.",[85,117048,117050],{"className":87,"code":117049,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\nprint(original is deep)         # False\nprint(original[0] is deep[0])   # False\n",[15,117051,117052,117058,117062,117088,117106,117110,117128],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,117053,117054,117056],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,117055,35418],{"class":4221},[94,117057,116195],{"class":100},[94,117059,117060],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,117061,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,117063,117064,117066,117068,117070,117072,117074,117076,117078,117080,117082,117084,117086],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,117065,12413],{"class":100},[94,117067,105],{"class":104},[94,117069,56618],{"class":108},[94,117071,412],{"class":112},[94,117073,116],{"class":108},[94,117075,124],{"class":112},[94,117077,18392],{"class":108},[94,117079,109],{"class":108},[94,117081,113],{"class":112},[94,117083,116],{"class":108},[94,117085,624],{"class":112},[94,117087,53571],{"class":108},[94,117089,117090,117092,117094,117096,117098,117100,117102,117104],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,117091,116250],{"class":100},[94,117093,105],{"class":104},[94,117095,116235],{"class":100},[94,117097,168],{"class":108},[94,117099,116259],{"class":152},[94,117101,149],{"class":108},[94,117103,381],{"class":152},[94,117105,316],{"class":108},[94,117107,117108],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,117109,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,117111,117112,117114,117116,117118,117120,117123,117125],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,117113,326],{"class":145},[94,117115,149],{"class":108},[94,117117,12413],{"class":152},[94,117119,12519],{"class":4221},[94,117121,117122],{"class":152}," deep",[94,117124,156],{"class":108},[94,117126,117127],{"class":159},"         # False\n",[94,117129,117130,117132,117134,117136,117138,117140,117142,117144,117146,117148,117150,117152],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,117131,326],{"class":145},[94,117133,149],{"class":108},[94,117135,381],{"class":152},[94,117137,539],{"class":108},[94,117139,2476],{"class":112},[94,117141,13600],{"class":108},[94,117143,8431],{"class":4221},[94,117145,117122],{"class":152},[94,117147,539],{"class":108},[94,117149,2476],{"class":112},[94,117151,20777],{"class":108},[94,117153,44203],{"class":159},[80,117155,117157],{"id":117156},"common-ways-to-make-a-shallow-copy","Common ways to make a shallow copy",[24,117159,117160,117161,384],{},"These all make ",[43,117162,117163],{},"shallow copies",[28,117165,117166,117170,117174,117179,117185],{},[31,117167,117168],{},[15,117169,55928],{},[31,117171,117172],{},[15,117173,12760],{},[31,117175,117176],{},[15,117177,117178],{},"set.copy()",[31,117180,117181,117182],{},"list slicing like ",[15,117183,117184],{},"my_list[:]",[31,117186,117187,117189,117190,35408],{},[15,117188,116337],{}," from the ",[15,117191,13237],{},[24,117193,2482],{},[85,117195,117197],{"className":87,"code":117196,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\na = numbers.copy()\nb = numbers[:]\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,117198,117199,117219,117223,117237,117248,117252,117264],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,117200,117201,117203,117205,117207,117209,117211,117213,117215,117217],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,117202,101],{"class":100},[94,117204,105],{"class":104},[94,117206,109],{"class":108},[94,117208,412],{"class":112},[94,117210,116],{"class":108},[94,117212,124],{"class":112},[94,117214,116],{"class":108},[94,117216,421],{"class":112},[94,117218,127],{"class":108},[94,117220,117221],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,117222,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,117224,117225,117227,117229,117231,117233,117235],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,117226,635],{"class":100},[94,117228,105],{"class":104},[94,117230,343],{"class":100},[94,117232,168],{"class":108},[94,117234,13237],{"class":152},[94,117236,511],{"class":108},[94,117238,117239,117241,117243,117245],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,117240,2937],{"class":100},[94,117242,105],{"class":104},[94,117244,343],{"class":100},[94,117246,117247],{"class":108},"[:]\n",[94,117249,117250],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,117251,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,117253,117254,117256,117258,117260,117262],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,117255,326],{"class":145},[94,117257,149],{"class":108},[94,117259,434],{"class":152},[94,117261,156],{"class":108},[94,117263,55260],{"class":159},[94,117265,117266,117268,117270,117272,117274],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,117267,326],{"class":145},[94,117269,149],{"class":108},[94,117271,1937],{"class":152},[94,117273,156],{"class":108},[94,117275,55260],{"class":159},[24,117277,73464,117278,47865,117282,168],{},[434,117279,117280,567],{"href":55288},[15,117281,55928],{},[434,117283,117284,567],{"href":12757},[15,117285,12760],{},[80,117287,117289],{"id":117288},"when-shallow-copy-is-enough","When shallow copy is enough",[24,117291,117292],{},"A shallow copy is often enough when:",[28,117294,117295,117298,117301],{},[31,117296,117297],{},"your data is flat and not nested",[31,117299,117300],{},"you only need a separate outer container",[31,117302,117303],{},"you do not plan to change nested mutable values",[24,117305,117306],{},"Example with a flat list:",[85,117308,117310],{"className":87,"code":117309,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,117311,117312,117332,117346,117350,117364,117368,117380],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,117313,117314,117316,117318,117320,117322,117324,117326,117328,117330],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,117315,12413],{"class":100},[94,117317,105],{"class":104},[94,117319,109],{"class":108},[94,117321,412],{"class":112},[94,117323,116],{"class":108},[94,117325,124],{"class":112},[94,117327,116],{"class":108},[94,117329,421],{"class":112},[94,117331,127],{"class":108},[94,117333,117334,117336,117338,117340,117342,117344],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,117335,14639],{"class":100},[94,117337,105],{"class":104},[94,117339,12486],{"class":100},[94,117341,168],{"class":108},[94,117343,13237],{"class":152},[94,117345,511],{"class":108},[94,117347,117348],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,117349,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,117351,117352,117354,117356,117358,117360,117362],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,117353,14658],{"class":100},[94,117355,168],{"class":108},[94,117357,13880],{"class":152},[94,117359,149],{"class":108},[94,117361,857],{"class":112},[94,117363,316],{"class":108},[94,117365,117366],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,117367,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,117369,117370,117372,117374,117376,117378],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,117371,326],{"class":145},[94,117373,149],{"class":108},[94,117375,381],{"class":152},[94,117377,156],{"class":108},[94,117379,55260],{"class":159},[94,117381,117382,117384,117386,117388,117390],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,117383,326],{"class":145},[94,117385,149],{"class":108},[94,117387,14658],{"class":152},[94,117389,156],{"class":108},[94,117391,116861],{"class":159},[24,117393,117394],{},"This works fine because the list contains integers, and integers are immutable.",[24,117396,117397,117398,168],{},"If you just want the common ways to duplicate a list, see ",[434,117399,15215],{"href":57543},[80,117401,117403],{"id":117402},"when-deep-copy-is-safer","When deep copy is safer",[24,117405,117406],{},"A deep copy is safer when:",[28,117408,117409,117412,117415],{},[31,117410,117411],{},"your data contains nested lists, dictionaries, or sets",[31,117413,117414],{},"you need to modify inner values without changing the original",[31,117416,117417],{},"you want a fully independent duplicate",[24,117419,117420],{},"Example with a dictionary containing a list:",[85,117422,117424],{"className":87,"code":117423,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"import copy\n\noriginal = {\"scores\": [10, 20]}\nshallow = original.copy()\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[\"scores\"].append(30)\n\nprint(original)  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(shallow)   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(deep)      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[15,117425,117426,117432,117436,117462,117476,117494,117498,117520,117524,117537,117550],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,117427,117428,117430],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,117429,35418],{"class":4221},[94,117431,116195],{"class":100},[94,117433,117434],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,117435,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,117437,117438,117440,117442,117444,117446,117448,117450,117452,117454,117456,117458,117460],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,117439,12413],{"class":100},[94,117441,105],{"class":104},[94,117443,10823],{"class":108},[94,117445,332],{"class":331},[94,117447,16717],{"class":335},[94,117449,332],{"class":331},[94,117451,384],{"class":108},[94,117453,109],{"class":108},[94,117455,2688],{"class":112},[94,117457,116],{"class":108},[94,117459,8124],{"class":112},[94,117461,14033],{"class":108},[94,117463,117464,117466,117468,117470,117472,117474],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,117465,116230],{"class":100},[94,117467,105],{"class":104},[94,117469,12486],{"class":100},[94,117471,168],{"class":108},[94,117473,13237],{"class":152},[94,117475,511],{"class":108},[94,117477,117478,117480,117482,117484,117486,117488,117490,117492],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,117479,116250],{"class":100},[94,117481,105],{"class":104},[94,117483,116235],{"class":100},[94,117485,168],{"class":108},[94,117487,116259],{"class":152},[94,117489,149],{"class":108},[94,117491,381],{"class":152},[94,117493,316],{"class":108},[94,117495,117496],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,117497,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,117499,117500,117502,117504,117506,117508,117510,117512,117514,117516,117518],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,117501,381],{"class":100},[94,117503,539],{"class":108},[94,117505,332],{"class":331},[94,117507,16717],{"class":335},[94,117509,332],{"class":331},[94,117511,13877],{"class":108},[94,117513,13880],{"class":152},[94,117515,149],{"class":108},[94,117517,37170],{"class":112},[94,117519,316],{"class":108},[94,117521,117522],{"class":96,"line":702},[94,117523,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,117525,117526,117528,117530,117532,117534],{"class":96,"line":6763},[94,117527,326],{"class":145},[94,117529,149],{"class":108},[94,117531,381],{"class":152},[94,117533,156],{"class":108},[94,117535,117536],{"class":159},"  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[94,117538,117539,117541,117543,117545,117547],{"class":96,"line":6768},[94,117540,326],{"class":145},[94,117542,149],{"class":108},[94,117544,116313],{"class":152},[94,117546,156],{"class":108},[94,117548,117549],{"class":159},"   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[94,117551,117552,117554,117556,117558,117560],{"class":96,"line":11925},[94,117553,326],{"class":145},[94,117555,149],{"class":108},[94,117557,116327],{"class":152},[94,117559,156],{"class":108},[94,117561,117562],{"class":159},"      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[24,117564,117565],{},"The shallow copy still shares the inner list. The deep copy does not.",[80,117567,117569],{"id":117568},"important-limits-and-caution","Important limits and caution",[24,117571,117572],{},"Keep these points in mind:",[28,117574,117575,117578,117581,117584],{},[31,117576,117577],{},"Deep copy can be slower on large objects",[31,117579,117580],{},"Not every object copies cleanly in every situation",[31,117582,117583],{},"Copy only when you really need a separate object",[31,117585,117586],{},"Immutable values like integers and strings do not cause the same shared-mutation problem",[24,117588,117589],{},"For example, strings and integers do not behave like nested lists because they cannot be changed in place.",[85,117591,117593],{"className":87,"code":117592,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"a = 10\nb = a\n\nb = 20\n\nprint(a)  # 10\nprint(b)  # 20\n",[15,117594,117595,117603,117611,117615,117623,117627,117639],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,117596,117597,117599,117601],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,117598,635],{"class":100},[94,117600,105],{"class":104},[94,117602,2942],{"class":112},[94,117604,117605,117607,117609],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,117606,2937],{"class":100},[94,117608,105],{"class":104},[94,117610,36503],{"class":100},[94,117612,117613],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,117614,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,117616,117617,117619,117621],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,117618,2937],{"class":100},[94,117620,105],{"class":104},[94,117622,14942],{"class":112},[94,117624,117625],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,117626,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,117628,117629,117631,117633,117635,117637],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,117630,326],{"class":145},[94,117632,149],{"class":108},[94,117634,434],{"class":152},[94,117636,156],{"class":108},[94,117638,27126],{"class":159},[94,117640,117641,117643,117645,117647,117649],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,117642,326],{"class":145},[94,117644,149],{"class":108},[94,117646,1937],{"class":152},[94,117648,156],{"class":108},[94,117650,27947],{"class":159},[24,117652,93811,117653,117656],{},[434,117654,117655],{"href":12392},"mutable vs immutable types"," matters when learning about copying.",[80,117658,3186],{"id":3185},[24,117660,117661],{},"These mistakes cause most copy-related bugs:",[28,117663,117664,117668,117673,117678,117681],{},[31,117665,1484,117666,57108],{},[15,117667,105],{},[31,117669,1484,117670,117672],{},[15,117671,55928],{}," on a nested list and expecting full independence",[31,117674,1484,117675,117677],{},[15,117676,12760],{}," on a dictionary that contains lists or dictionaries",[31,117679,117680],{},"Changing an inner list after making a shallow copy",[31,117682,117683],{},"Not realizing the difference between mutable and immutable values",[24,117685,117686],{},"If something seems wrong, these checks can help:",[85,117688,117690],{"className":87,"code":117689,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(original is copied)\nprint(original == copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[0]), id(copied[0]))\nprint(type(original))\n",[15,117691,117692,117706,117720,117742,117773],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,117693,117694,117696,117698,117700,117702,117704],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,117695,326],{"class":145},[94,117697,149],{"class":108},[94,117699,12413],{"class":152},[94,117701,12519],{"class":4221},[94,117703,14712],{"class":152},[94,117705,316],{"class":108},[94,117707,117708,117710,117712,117714,117716,117718],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,117709,326],{"class":145},[94,117711,149],{"class":108},[94,117713,12413],{"class":152},[94,117715,5031],{"class":104},[94,117717,14712],{"class":152},[94,117719,316],{"class":108},[94,117721,117722,117724,117726,117728,117730,117732,117734,117736,117738,117740],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,117723,326],{"class":145},[94,117725,149],{"class":108},[94,117727,12974],{"class":145},[94,117729,149],{"class":108},[94,117731,381],{"class":152},[94,117733,9566],{"class":108},[94,117735,15144],{"class":145},[94,117737,149],{"class":108},[94,117739,14658],{"class":152},[94,117741,921],{"class":108},[94,117743,117744,117746,117748,117750,117752,117754,117756,117758,117761,117763,117765,117767,117769,117771],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,117745,326],{"class":145},[94,117747,149],{"class":108},[94,117749,12974],{"class":145},[94,117751,149],{"class":108},[94,117753,381],{"class":152},[94,117755,539],{"class":108},[94,117757,2476],{"class":112},[94,117759,117760],{"class":108},"]),",[94,117762,15144],{"class":145},[94,117764,149],{"class":108},[94,117766,14658],{"class":152},[94,117768,539],{"class":108},[94,117770,2476],{"class":112},[94,117772,3355],{"class":108},[94,117774,117775,117777,117779,117781,117783,117785],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,117776,326],{"class":145},[94,117778,149],{"class":108},[94,117780,914],{"class":913},[94,117782,149],{"class":108},[94,117784,381],{"class":152},[94,117786,921],{"class":108},[24,117788,117789],{},"What they tell you:",[28,117791,117792,117797,117802,117807,117817],{},[31,117793,117794,117796],{},[15,117795,12519],{}," checks whether two names refer to the same object",[31,117798,117799,117801],{},[15,117800,5031],{}," checks whether values are equal",[31,117803,117804,117806],{},[15,117805,43819],{}," shows the identity of an object",[31,117808,117809,117810,1139,117813,117816],{},"comparing ",[15,117811,117812],{},"id(original[0])",[15,117814,117815],{},"id(copied[0])"," helps detect shared inner objects",[31,117818,117819,117821],{},[15,117820,2659],{}," confirms what kind of object you are copying",[80,117823,2160],{"id":2159},[265,117825,117827],{"id":117826},"does-create-a-copy-in-python","Does = create a copy in Python?",[24,117829,117830],{},"No. It creates another reference to the same object.",[265,117832,57593],{"id":57508},[24,117834,117835],{},"No. It is a shallow copy.",[265,117837,117839],{"id":117838},"when-do-i-need-deepcopy","When do I need deepcopy()?",[24,117841,117842],{},"Use it when your object contains nested mutable values and you want full independence.",[265,117844,117846],{"id":117845},"do-strings-and-integers-need-deep-copy","Do strings and integers need deep copy?",[24,117848,117849],{},"Usually no. They are immutable, so changing one variable does not change the original value.",[265,117851,117853],{"id":117852},"why-did-changing-one-list-change-the-other","Why did changing one list change the other?",[24,117855,117856],{},"They likely share the same inner object because of assignment or a shallow copy.",[80,117858,2232],{"id":2231},[28,117860,117861,117866,117872,117878,117882],{},[31,117862,117863],{},[434,117864,117865],{"href":12392},"Mutability in Python explained: mutable vs immutable types",[31,117867,117868],{},[434,117869,13,117870,567],{"href":55288},[15,117871,55928],{},[31,117873,117874],{},[434,117875,13,117876,567],{"href":12757},[15,117877,12760],{},[31,117879,117880],{},[434,117881,15292],{"href":57543},[31,117883,117884],{},[434,117885,117886],{"href":58818},"What is a list in Python?",[2260,117888,117889],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":90,"searchDepth":130,"depth":130,"links":117891},[117892,117893,117894,117895,117896,117897,117902,117903,117904,117905,117906,117907,117914],{"id":2360,"depth":130,"text":2361},{"id":116347,"depth":130,"text":116348},{"id":116368,"depth":130,"text":116369},{"id":116611,"depth":130,"text":116612},{"id":116751,"depth":130,"text":116752},{"id":116867,"depth":130,"text":116868,"children":117898},[117899,117900,117901],{"id":116874,"depth":137,"text":116875},{"id":116943,"depth":137,"text":116944},{"id":117042,"depth":137,"text":117043},{"id":117156,"depth":130,"text":117157},{"id":117288,"depth":130,"text":117289},{"id":117402,"depth":130,"text":117403},{"id":117568,"depth":130,"text":117569},{"id":3185,"depth":130,"text":3186},{"id":2159,"depth":130,"text":2160,"children":117908},[117909,117910,117911,117912,117913],{"id":117826,"depth":137,"text":117827},{"id":57508,"depth":137,"text":57593},{"id":117838,"depth":137,"text":117839},{"id":117845,"depth":137,"text":117846},{"id":117852,"depth":137,"text":117853},{"id":2231,"depth":130,"text":2232},"Master python shallow copy vs deep copy explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":116148,"description":117915},"reference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","4P8qWKs1knuRzO-mq5pz1MvM10FXTsG04QbHQz5pkwk",{"id":117921,"title":117922,"body":117923,"description":119774,"extension":2319,"meta":119775,"navigation":133,"path":119776,"seo":119777,"stem":119778,"__hash__":119779},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained.md","Python sorted() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":117924,"toc":119733},[117925,117930,117935,117943,117945,118013,118018,118022,118037,118040,118042,118073,118075,118095,118098,118113,118115,118118,118191,118193,118238,118240,118251,118256,118260,118265,118268,118307,118309,118329,118332,118389,118391,118426,118429,118468,118470,118490,118493,118524,118526,118582,118584,118589,118660,118662,118695,118700,118705,118770,118772,118809,118812,118889,118891,118951,118958,118963,118966,118969,119050,119052,119093,119098,119101,119178,119180,119213,119222,119229,119232,119243,119246,119257,119261,119268,119277,119281,119286,119290,119295,119338,119341,119347,119350,119352,119399,119404,119408,119411,119460,119462,119482,119485,119487,119511,119514,119635,119640,119642,119647,119650,119655,119658,119666,119671,119678,119681,119689,119692,119694,119730],[10,117926,13,117928,3930],{"id":117927},"python-sorted-function-explained",[15,117929,17],{},[24,117931,117932,117934],{},[15,117933,17],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns a new list in sorted order.",[24,117936,117937,117938,2547,117940,117942],{},"It is useful when you want to sort values without changing the original data. Unlike ",[15,117939,21],{},[15,117941,17],{}," also works with many iterable types, not just lists.",[80,117944,83],{"id":82},[85,117946,117948],{"className":87,"code":117947,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers)     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[15,117949,117950,117970,117984,117988,118000],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,117951,117952,117954,117956,117958,117960,117962,117964,117966,117968],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,117953,101],{"class":100},[94,117955,105],{"class":104},[94,117957,109],{"class":108},[94,117959,113],{"class":112},[94,117961,116],{"class":108},[94,117963,119],{"class":112},[94,117965,116],{"class":108},[94,117967,124],{"class":112},[94,117969,127],{"class":108},[94,117971,117972,117974,117976,117978,117980,117982],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,117973,305],{"class":100},[94,117975,105],{"class":104},[94,117977,146],{"class":145},[94,117979,149],{"class":108},[94,117981,153],{"class":152},[94,117983,316],{"class":108},[94,117985,117986],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,117987,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,117989,117990,117992,117994,117996,117998],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,117991,326],{"class":145},[94,117993,149],{"class":108},[94,117995,902],{"class":152},[94,117997,156],{"class":108},[94,117999,56013],{"class":159},[94,118001,118002,118004,118006,118008,118010],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,118003,326],{"class":145},[94,118005,149],{"class":108},[94,118007,153],{"class":152},[94,118009,156],{"class":108},[94,118011,118012],{"class":159},"     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[24,118014,118015,118017],{},[15,118016,17],{}," returns a new sorted list and does not change the original object.",[80,118019,215,118020,218],{"id":214},[15,118021,17],{},[28,118023,118024,118028,118031,118034],{},[31,118025,118026,223],{},[15,118027,17],{},[31,118029,118030],{},"It returns a new list in sorted order.",[31,118032,118033],{},"It works with many iterable objects, not just lists.",[31,118035,118036],{},"It does not modify the original data.",[24,118038,118039],{},"This means you can use it with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterable values.",[80,118041,2514],{"id":2513},[85,118043,118045],{"className":87,"code":118044,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"sorted(iterable, key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,118046,118047],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,118048,118049,118051,118053,118055,118057,118059,118061,118063,118065,118067,118069,118071],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,118050,403],{"class":145},[94,118052,149],{"class":108},[94,118054,4065],{"class":152},[94,118056,116],{"class":108},[94,118058,1367],{"class":1218},[94,118060,105],{"class":104},[94,118062,77],{"class":1224},[94,118064,116],{"class":108},[94,118066,1219],{"class":1218},[94,118068,105],{"class":104},[94,118070,4020],{"class":1224},[94,118072,316],{"class":108},[265,118074,17724],{"id":17723},[28,118076,118077,118082,118087],{},[31,118078,118079,118081],{},[15,118080,4065],{},": the values to sort",[31,118083,118084,118086],{},[15,118085,1142],{},": an optional function that decides how items are compared",[31,118088,118089,118091,118092,118094],{},[15,118090,1138],{},": set to ",[15,118093,1225],{}," to sort in descending order",[24,118096,118097],{},"In many cases, you only need:",[85,118099,118101],{"className":87,"code":118100,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"sorted(my_values)\n",[15,118102,118103],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,118104,118105,118107,118109,118111],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,118106,403],{"class":145},[94,118108,149],{"class":108},[94,118110,60632],{"class":152},[94,118112,316],{"class":108},[80,118114,11805],{"id":11804},[24,118116,118117],{},"Here is a basic example with numbers:",[85,118119,118121],{"className":87,"code":118120,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [5, 2, 8, 1]\n\nsorted_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(sorted_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,118122,118123,118147,118151,118166,118170,118181],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,118124,118125,118127,118129,118131,118133,118135,118137,118139,118141,118143,118145],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,118126,101],{"class":100},[94,118128,105],{"class":104},[94,118130,109],{"class":108},[94,118132,615],{"class":112},[94,118134,116],{"class":108},[94,118136,124],{"class":112},[94,118138,116],{"class":108},[94,118140,6692],{"class":112},[94,118142,116],{"class":108},[94,118144,119],{"class":112},[94,118146,127],{"class":108},[94,118148,118149],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,118150,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,118152,118153,118156,118158,118160,118162,118164],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,118154,118155],{"class":100},"sorted_numbers ",[94,118157,105],{"class":104},[94,118159,146],{"class":145},[94,118161,149],{"class":108},[94,118163,153],{"class":152},[94,118165,316],{"class":108},[94,118167,118168],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,118169,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,118171,118172,118174,118176,118179],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,118173,326],{"class":145},[94,118175,149],{"class":108},[94,118177,118178],{"class":152},"sorted_numbers",[94,118180,316],{"class":108},[94,118182,118183,118185,118187,118189],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,118184,326],{"class":145},[94,118186,149],{"class":108},[94,118188,153],{"class":152},[94,118190,316],{"class":108},[24,118192,371],{},[85,118194,118196],{"className":87,"code":118195,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"[1, 2, 5, 8]\n[5, 2, 8, 1]\n",[15,118197,118198,118218],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,118199,118200,118202,118204,118206,118208,118210,118212,118214,118216],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,118201,539],{"class":108},[94,118203,412],{"class":112},[94,118205,116],{"class":108},[94,118207,124],{"class":112},[94,118209,116],{"class":108},[94,118211,772],{"class":112},[94,118213,116],{"class":108},[94,118215,6692],{"class":112},[94,118217,127],{"class":108},[94,118219,118220,118222,118224,118226,118228,118230,118232,118234,118236],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,118221,539],{"class":108},[94,118223,615],{"class":112},[94,118225,116],{"class":108},[94,118227,124],{"class":112},[94,118229,116],{"class":108},[94,118231,6692],{"class":112},[94,118233,116],{"class":108},[94,118235,119],{"class":112},[94,118237,127],{"class":108},[24,118239,14090],{},[28,118241,118242,118247],{},[31,118243,118244,118246],{},[15,118245,118178],{}," is a new sorted list",[31,118248,118249,112786],{},[15,118250,153],{},[24,118252,118253,118254,168],{},"If you want to sort a list in place instead, see ",[434,118255,78688],{"href":1131},[80,118257,118259],{"id":118258},"sorting-different-iterable-types","Sorting different iterable types",[24,118261,118262,118264],{},[15,118263,17],{}," works with more than lists. The result is always a new list.",[265,118266,118267],{"id":965},"List",[85,118269,118271],{"className":87,"code":118270,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,118272,118273,118293],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,118274,118275,118277,118279,118281,118283,118285,118287,118289,118291],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,118276,101],{"class":100},[94,118278,105],{"class":104},[94,118280,109],{"class":108},[94,118282,113],{"class":112},[94,118284,116],{"class":108},[94,118286,119],{"class":112},[94,118288,116],{"class":108},[94,118290,124],{"class":112},[94,118292,127],{"class":108},[94,118294,118295,118297,118299,118301,118303,118305],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,118296,326],{"class":145},[94,118298,149],{"class":108},[94,118300,403],{"class":145},[94,118302,149],{"class":108},[94,118304,153],{"class":152},[94,118306,921],{"class":108},[24,118308,371],{},[85,118310,118311],{"className":87,"code":532,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,118312,118313],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,118314,118315,118317,118319,118321,118323,118325,118327],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,118316,539],{"class":108},[94,118318,412],{"class":112},[94,118320,116],{"class":108},[94,118322,124],{"class":112},[94,118324,116],{"class":108},[94,118326,421],{"class":112},[94,118328,127],{"class":108},[265,118330,118331],{"id":49284},"Tuple",[85,118333,118335],{"className":87,"code":118334,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"values = (3, 1, 2)\nprint(sorted(values))\nprint(type(sorted(values)))\n",[15,118336,118337,118357,118371],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,118338,118339,118341,118343,118345,118347,118349,118351,118353,118355],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,118340,4167],{"class":100},[94,118342,105],{"class":104},[94,118344,854],{"class":108},[94,118346,113],{"class":112},[94,118348,116],{"class":108},[94,118350,119],{"class":112},[94,118352,116],{"class":108},[94,118354,124],{"class":112},[94,118356,316],{"class":108},[94,118358,118359,118361,118363,118365,118367,118369],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,118360,326],{"class":145},[94,118362,149],{"class":108},[94,118364,403],{"class":145},[94,118366,149],{"class":108},[94,118368,5690],{"class":152},[94,118370,921],{"class":108},[94,118372,118373,118375,118377,118379,118381,118383,118385,118387],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,118374,326],{"class":145},[94,118376,149],{"class":108},[94,118378,914],{"class":913},[94,118380,149],{"class":108},[94,118382,403],{"class":145},[94,118384,149],{"class":108},[94,118386,5690],{"class":152},[94,118388,3268],{"class":108},[24,118390,371],{},[85,118392,118394],{"className":87,"code":118393,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,118395,118396,118412],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,118397,118398,118400,118402,118404,118406,118408,118410],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,118399,539],{"class":108},[94,118401,412],{"class":112},[94,118403,116],{"class":108},[94,118405,124],{"class":112},[94,118407,116],{"class":108},[94,118409,421],{"class":112},[94,118411,127],{"class":108},[94,118413,118414,118416,118418,118420,118422,118424],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,118415,955],{"class":104},[94,118417,959],{"class":958},[94,118419,962],{"class":331},[94,118421,965],{"class":335},[94,118423,968],{"class":331},[94,118425,971],{"class":104},[265,118427,118428],{"id":6619},"Set",[85,118430,118432],{"className":87,"code":118431,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"values = {3, 1, 2}\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,118433,118434,118454],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,118435,118436,118438,118440,118442,118444,118446,118448,118450,118452],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,118437,4167],{"class":100},[94,118439,105],{"class":104},[94,118441,10823],{"class":108},[94,118443,113],{"class":112},[94,118445,116],{"class":108},[94,118447,119],{"class":112},[94,118449,116],{"class":108},[94,118451,124],{"class":112},[94,118453,9641],{"class":108},[94,118455,118456,118458,118460,118462,118464,118466],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,118457,326],{"class":145},[94,118459,149],{"class":108},[94,118461,403],{"class":145},[94,118463,149],{"class":108},[94,118465,5690],{"class":152},[94,118467,921],{"class":108},[24,118469,371],{},[85,118471,118472],{"className":87,"code":532,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,118473,118474],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,118475,118476,118478,118480,118482,118484,118486,118488],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,118477,539],{"class":108},[94,118479,412],{"class":112},[94,118481,116],{"class":108},[94,118483,124],{"class":112},[94,118485,116],{"class":108},[94,118487,421],{"class":112},[94,118489,127],{"class":108},[265,118491,118492],{"id":61499},"String",[85,118494,118496],{"className":87,"code":118495,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"python\"\nprint(sorted(text))\n",[15,118497,118498,118510],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,118499,118500,118502,118504,118506,118508],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,118501,1803],{"class":100},[94,118503,105],{"class":104},[94,118505,1040],{"class":331},[94,118507,89],{"class":335},[94,118509,1812],{"class":331},[94,118511,118512,118514,118516,118518,118520,118522],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,118513,326],{"class":145},[94,118515,149],{"class":108},[94,118517,403],{"class":145},[94,118519,149],{"class":108},[94,118521,1817],{"class":152},[94,118523,921],{"class":108},[24,118525,371],{},[85,118527,118528],{"className":87,"code":79701,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,118529,118530],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,118531,118532,118534,118536,118538,118540,118542,118544,118546,118548,118550,118552,118554,118556,118558,118560,118562,118564,118566,118568,118570,118572,118574,118576,118578,118580],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,118533,539],{"class":108},[94,118535,968],{"class":331},[94,118537,60763],{"class":335},[94,118539,968],{"class":331},[94,118541,116],{"class":108},[94,118543,962],{"class":331},[94,118545,76346],{"class":335},[94,118547,968],{"class":331},[94,118549,116],{"class":108},[94,118551,962],{"class":331},[94,118553,60798],{"class":335},[94,118555,968],{"class":331},[94,118557,116],{"class":108},[94,118559,962],{"class":331},[94,118561,24],{"class":335},[94,118563,968],{"class":331},[94,118565,116],{"class":108},[94,118567,962],{"class":331},[94,118569,63611],{"class":335},[94,118571,968],{"class":331},[94,118573,116],{"class":108},[94,118575,962],{"class":331},[94,118577,12075],{"class":335},[94,118579,968],{"class":331},[94,118581,127],{"class":108},[265,118583,29554],{"id":15932},[24,118585,63864,118586,118588],{},[15,118587,17],{},", Python sorts the dictionary keys.",[85,118590,118592],{"className":87,"code":118591,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nprint(sorted(person))\n",[15,118593,118594,118646],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,118595,118596,118598,118600,118602,118604,118606,118608,118610,118612,118614,118616,118618,118620,118622,118624,118626,118628,118630,118632,118634,118636,118638,118640,118642,118644],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,118597,13531],{"class":100},[94,118599,105],{"class":104},[94,118601,10823],{"class":108},[94,118603,332],{"class":331},[94,118605,8001],{"class":335},[94,118607,332],{"class":331},[94,118609,384],{"class":108},[94,118611,1040],{"class":331},[94,118613,13206],{"class":335},[94,118615,332],{"class":331},[94,118617,116],{"class":108},[94,118619,1040],{"class":331},[94,118621,9631],{"class":335},[94,118623,332],{"class":331},[94,118625,384],{"class":108},[94,118627,8124],{"class":112},[94,118629,116],{"class":108},[94,118631,1040],{"class":331},[94,118633,10741],{"class":335},[94,118635,332],{"class":331},[94,118637,384],{"class":108},[94,118639,1040],{"class":331},[94,118641,16359],{"class":335},[94,118643,332],{"class":331},[94,118645,9641],{"class":108},[94,118647,118648,118650,118652,118654,118656,118658],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,118649,326],{"class":145},[94,118651,149],{"class":108},[94,118653,403],{"class":145},[94,118655,149],{"class":108},[94,118657,17636],{"class":152},[94,118659,921],{"class":108},[24,118661,371],{},[85,118663,118665],{"className":87,"code":118664,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"['age', 'city', 'name']\n",[15,118666,118667],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,118668,118669,118671,118673,118675,118677,118679,118681,118683,118685,118687,118689,118691,118693],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,118670,539],{"class":108},[94,118672,968],{"class":331},[94,118674,9631],{"class":335},[94,118676,968],{"class":331},[94,118678,116],{"class":108},[94,118680,962],{"class":331},[94,118682,10741],{"class":335},[94,118684,968],{"class":331},[94,118686,116],{"class":108},[94,118688,962],{"class":331},[94,118690,8001],{"class":335},[94,118692,968],{"class":331},[94,118694,127],{"class":108},[80,118696,1484,118698],{"id":118697},"using-reversetrue",[15,118699,1158],{},[24,118701,54,118702,118704],{},[15,118703,1158],{}," when you want descending order instead of ascending order.",[85,118706,118708],{"className":87,"code":118707,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n",[15,118709,118710,118730,118734,118748],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,118711,118712,118714,118716,118718,118720,118722,118724,118726,118728],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,118713,101],{"class":100},[94,118715,105],{"class":104},[94,118717,109],{"class":108},[94,118719,113],{"class":112},[94,118721,116],{"class":108},[94,118723,119],{"class":112},[94,118725,116],{"class":108},[94,118727,124],{"class":112},[94,118729,127],{"class":108},[94,118731,118732],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,118733,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,118735,118736,118738,118740,118742,118744,118746],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,118737,326],{"class":145},[94,118739,149],{"class":108},[94,118741,403],{"class":145},[94,118743,149],{"class":108},[94,118745,153],{"class":152},[94,118747,921],{"class":108},[94,118749,118750,118752,118754,118756,118758,118760,118762,118764,118766,118768],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,118751,326],{"class":145},[94,118753,149],{"class":108},[94,118755,403],{"class":145},[94,118757,149],{"class":108},[94,118759,153],{"class":152},[94,118761,116],{"class":108},[94,118763,1219],{"class":1218},[94,118765,105],{"class":104},[94,118767,1225],{"class":1224},[94,118769,921],{"class":108},[24,118771,371],{},[85,118773,118775],{"className":87,"code":118774,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"[1, 2, 3]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,118776,118777,118793],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,118778,118779,118781,118783,118785,118787,118789,118791],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,118780,539],{"class":108},[94,118782,412],{"class":112},[94,118784,116],{"class":108},[94,118786,124],{"class":112},[94,118788,116],{"class":108},[94,118790,421],{"class":112},[94,118792,127],{"class":108},[94,118794,118795,118797,118799,118801,118803,118805,118807],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,118796,539],{"class":108},[94,118798,113],{"class":112},[94,118800,116],{"class":108},[94,118802,124],{"class":112},[94,118804,116],{"class":108},[94,118806,119],{"class":112},[94,118808,127],{"class":108},[24,118810,118811],{},"This also works with strings:",[85,118813,118815],{"className":87,"code":118814,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words))\nprint(sorted(words, reverse=True))\n",[15,118816,118817,118849,118853,118867],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,118818,118819,118821,118823,118825,118827,118829,118831,118833,118835,118837,118839,118841,118843,118845,118847],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,118820,1314],{"class":100},[94,118822,105],{"class":104},[94,118824,109],{"class":108},[94,118826,332],{"class":331},[94,118828,1332],{"class":335},[94,118830,332],{"class":331},[94,118832,116],{"class":108},[94,118834,1040],{"class":331},[94,118836,4432],{"class":335},[94,118838,332],{"class":331},[94,118840,116],{"class":108},[94,118842,1040],{"class":331},[94,118844,4441],{"class":335},[94,118846,332],{"class":331},[94,118848,127],{"class":108},[94,118850,118851],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,118852,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,118854,118855,118857,118859,118861,118863,118865],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,118856,326],{"class":145},[94,118858,149],{"class":108},[94,118860,403],{"class":145},[94,118862,149],{"class":108},[94,118864,1362],{"class":152},[94,118866,921],{"class":108},[94,118868,118869,118871,118873,118875,118877,118879,118881,118883,118885,118887],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,118870,326],{"class":145},[94,118872,149],{"class":108},[94,118874,403],{"class":145},[94,118876,149],{"class":108},[94,118878,1362],{"class":152},[94,118880,116],{"class":108},[94,118882,1219],{"class":1218},[94,118884,105],{"class":104},[94,118886,1225],{"class":1224},[94,118888,921],{"class":108},[24,118890,371],{},[85,118892,118893],{"className":87,"code":74480,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,118894,118895,118923],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,118896,118897,118899,118901,118903,118905,118907,118909,118911,118913,118915,118917,118919,118921],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,118898,539],{"class":108},[94,118900,968],{"class":331},[94,118902,1332],{"class":335},[94,118904,968],{"class":331},[94,118906,116],{"class":108},[94,118908,962],{"class":331},[94,118910,4432],{"class":335},[94,118912,968],{"class":331},[94,118914,116],{"class":108},[94,118916,962],{"class":331},[94,118918,4441],{"class":335},[94,118920,968],{"class":331},[94,118922,127],{"class":108},[94,118924,118925,118927,118929,118931,118933,118935,118937,118939,118941,118943,118945,118947,118949],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,118926,539],{"class":108},[94,118928,968],{"class":331},[94,118930,4441],{"class":335},[94,118932,968],{"class":331},[94,118934,116],{"class":108},[94,118936,962],{"class":331},[94,118938,4432],{"class":335},[94,118940,968],{"class":331},[94,118942,116],{"class":108},[94,118944,962],{"class":331},[94,118946,1332],{"class":335},[94,118948,968],{"class":331},[94,118950,127],{"class":108},[80,118952,1484,118954,118957],{"id":118953},"using-key-for-custom-sorting",[15,118955,118956],{},"key="," for custom sorting",[24,118959,2336,118960,118962],{},[15,118961,118956],{}," argument lets you control how values are sorted.",[24,118964,118965],{},"Python applies the key function to each item, then sorts based on the result.",[24,118967,118968],{},"A beginner-friendly example is sorting words by length:",[85,118970,118972],{"className":87,"code":118971,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"words = [\"pear\", \"fig\", \"banana\", \"kiwi\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=len)\nprint(result)\n",[15,118973,118974,119014,119018,119040],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,118975,118976,118978,118980,118982,118984,118986,118988,118990,118992,118994,118996,118998,119000,119002,119004,119006,119008,119010,119012],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,118977,1314],{"class":100},[94,118979,105],{"class":104},[94,118981,109],{"class":108},[94,118983,332],{"class":331},[94,118985,79054],{"class":335},[94,118987,332],{"class":331},[94,118989,116],{"class":108},[94,118991,1040],{"class":331},[94,118993,38688],{"class":335},[94,118995,332],{"class":331},[94,118997,116],{"class":108},[94,118999,1040],{"class":331},[94,119001,4432],{"class":335},[94,119003,332],{"class":331},[94,119005,116],{"class":108},[94,119007,1040],{"class":331},[94,119009,38671],{"class":335},[94,119011,332],{"class":331},[94,119013,127],{"class":108},[94,119015,119016],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,119017,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,119019,119020,119022,119024,119026,119028,119030,119032,119034,119036,119038],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,119021,305],{"class":100},[94,119023,105],{"class":104},[94,119025,146],{"class":145},[94,119027,149],{"class":108},[94,119029,1362],{"class":152},[94,119031,116],{"class":108},[94,119033,1367],{"class":1218},[94,119035,105],{"class":104},[94,119037,11490],{"class":145},[94,119039,316],{"class":108},[94,119041,119042,119044,119046,119048],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,119043,326],{"class":145},[94,119045,149],{"class":108},[94,119047,902],{"class":152},[94,119049,316],{"class":108},[24,119051,371],{},[85,119053,119055],{"className":87,"code":119054,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"['fig', 'pear', 'kiwi', 'banana']\n",[15,119056,119057],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,119058,119059,119061,119063,119065,119067,119069,119071,119073,119075,119077,119079,119081,119083,119085,119087,119089,119091],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,119060,539],{"class":108},[94,119062,968],{"class":331},[94,119064,38688],{"class":335},[94,119066,968],{"class":331},[94,119068,116],{"class":108},[94,119070,962],{"class":331},[94,119072,79054],{"class":335},[94,119074,968],{"class":331},[94,119076,116],{"class":108},[94,119078,962],{"class":331},[94,119080,38671],{"class":335},[94,119082,968],{"class":331},[94,119084,116],{"class":108},[94,119086,962],{"class":331},[94,119088,4432],{"class":335},[94,119090,968],{"class":331},[94,119092,127],{"class":108},[24,119094,21102,119095,119097],{},[15,119096,11490],{}," is used as the key function, so the words are sorted by length.",[24,119099,119100],{},"Another common example is sorting text without caring about uppercase and lowercase letters:",[85,119102,119104],{"className":87,"code":119103,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=str.lower)\nprint(result)\n",[15,119105,119106,119138,119142,119168],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,119107,119108,119110,119112,119114,119116,119118,119120,119122,119124,119126,119128,119130,119132,119134,119136],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,119109,1314],{"class":100},[94,119111,105],{"class":104},[94,119113,109],{"class":108},[94,119115,332],{"class":331},[94,119117,1323],{"class":335},[94,119119,332],{"class":331},[94,119121,116],{"class":108},[94,119123,1040],{"class":331},[94,119125,1332],{"class":335},[94,119127,332],{"class":331},[94,119129,116],{"class":108},[94,119131,1040],{"class":331},[94,119133,1341],{"class":335},[94,119135,332],{"class":331},[94,119137,127],{"class":108},[94,119139,119140],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,119141,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,119143,119144,119146,119148,119150,119152,119154,119156,119158,119160,119162,119164,119166],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,119145,305],{"class":100},[94,119147,105],{"class":104},[94,119149,146],{"class":145},[94,119151,149],{"class":108},[94,119153,1362],{"class":152},[94,119155,116],{"class":108},[94,119157,1367],{"class":1218},[94,119159,105],{"class":104},[94,119161,1372],{"class":913},[94,119163,168],{"class":108},[94,119165,1378],{"class":1377},[94,119167,316],{"class":108},[94,119169,119170,119172,119174,119176],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,119171,326],{"class":145},[94,119173,149],{"class":108},[94,119175,902],{"class":152},[94,119177,316],{"class":108},[24,119179,371],{},[85,119181,119183],{"className":87,"code":119182,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,119184,119185],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,119186,119187,119189,119191,119193,119195,119197,119199,119201,119203,119205,119207,119209,119211],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,119188,539],{"class":108},[94,119190,968],{"class":331},[94,119192,1332],{"class":335},[94,119194,968],{"class":331},[94,119196,116],{"class":108},[94,119198,962],{"class":331},[94,119200,1323],{"class":335},[94,119202,968],{"class":331},[94,119204,116],{"class":108},[94,119206,962],{"class":331},[94,119208,1341],{"class":335},[94,119210,968],{"class":331},[94,119212,127],{"class":108},[24,119214,119215,119216,35657,119218,168],{},"You can learn more about ",[15,119217,42691],{},[434,119219,13,119220,439],{"href":42688},[15,119221,42691],{},[80,119223,119225,18,119227],{"id":119224},"sorted-vs-listsort",[15,119226,17],{},[15,119228,21],{},[24,119230,119231],{},"The main difference is this:",[28,119233,119234,119239],{},[31,119235,119236,119238],{},[15,119237,17],{}," returns a new list",[31,119240,119241,471],{},[15,119242,21],{},[24,119244,119245],{},"Also:",[28,119247,119248,119253],{},[31,119249,119250,119252],{},[15,119251,17],{}," works with many iterables",[31,119254,119255,79608],{},[15,119256,21],{},[24,119258,54,119259,822],{},[15,119260,17],{},[28,119262,119263,119266],{},[31,119264,119265],{},"you want to keep the original data unchanged",[31,119267,830],{},[24,119269,119270,119271,168],{},"For a full side-by-side comparison, see ",[434,119272,13,119273,18,119275,6114],{"href":2321},[15,119274,17],{},[15,119276,21],{},[80,119278,119280],{"id":119279},"what-can-cause-errors","What can cause errors",[24,119282,119283,119284,168],{},"A few common problems happen when using ",[15,119285,17],{},[265,119287,119289],{"id":119288},"mixing-values-that-cannot-be-compared","Mixing values that cannot be compared",[24,119291,119292,119293,384],{},"This can raise a ",[15,119294,3361],{},[85,119296,119298],{"className":87,"code":119297,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"values = [1, \"2\", 3]\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,119299,119300,119324],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,119301,119302,119304,119306,119308,119310,119312,119314,119316,119318,119320,119322],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,119303,4167],{"class":100},[94,119305,105],{"class":104},[94,119307,109],{"class":108},[94,119309,412],{"class":112},[94,119311,116],{"class":108},[94,119313,1040],{"class":331},[94,119315,763],{"class":335},[94,119317,332],{"class":331},[94,119319,116],{"class":108},[94,119321,421],{"class":112},[94,119323,127],{"class":108},[94,119325,119326,119328,119330,119332,119334,119336],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,119327,326],{"class":145},[94,119329,149],{"class":108},[94,119331,403],{"class":145},[94,119333,149],{"class":108},[94,119335,5690],{"class":152},[94,119337,921],{"class":108},[24,119339,119340],{},"Python cannot sort integers and strings together in the normal way.",[265,119342,119344,119345,2660],{"id":119343},"using-the-wrong-key-function","Using the wrong ",[15,119346,1142],{},[24,119348,119349],{},"If your key function does something invalid for the item type, you may get an error.",[24,119351,2566],{},[85,119353,119355],{"className":87,"code":119354,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [10, 2, 30]\nprint(sorted(numbers, key=len))\n",[15,119356,119357,119377],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,119358,119359,119361,119363,119365,119367,119369,119371,119373,119375],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,119360,101],{"class":100},[94,119362,105],{"class":104},[94,119364,109],{"class":108},[94,119366,2688],{"class":112},[94,119368,116],{"class":108},[94,119370,124],{"class":112},[94,119372,116],{"class":108},[94,119374,8129],{"class":112},[94,119376,127],{"class":108},[94,119378,119379,119381,119383,119385,119387,119389,119391,119393,119395,119397],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,119380,326],{"class":145},[94,119382,149],{"class":108},[94,119384,403],{"class":145},[94,119386,149],{"class":108},[94,119388,153],{"class":152},[94,119390,116],{"class":108},[94,119392,1367],{"class":1218},[94,119394,105],{"class":104},[94,119396,11490],{"class":145},[94,119398,921],{"class":108},[24,119400,48842,119401,119403],{},[15,119402,42691],{}," does not work on integers.",[265,119405,119407],{"id":119406},"expecting-the-original-list-to-change","Expecting the original list to change",[24,119409,119410],{},"This is not a syntax error, but it is a very common beginner mistake:",[85,119412,119414],{"className":87,"code":119413,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,119415,119416,119436,119446,119450],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,119417,119418,119420,119422,119424,119426,119428,119430,119432,119434],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,119419,101],{"class":100},[94,119421,105],{"class":104},[94,119423,109],{"class":108},[94,119425,113],{"class":112},[94,119427,116],{"class":108},[94,119429,119],{"class":112},[94,119431,116],{"class":108},[94,119433,124],{"class":112},[94,119435,127],{"class":108},[94,119437,119438,119440,119442,119444],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,119439,403],{"class":145},[94,119441,149],{"class":108},[94,119443,153],{"class":152},[94,119445,316],{"class":108},[94,119447,119448],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,119449,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,119451,119452,119454,119456,119458],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,119453,326],{"class":145},[94,119455,149],{"class":108},[94,119457,153],{"class":152},[94,119459,316],{"class":108},[24,119461,371],{},[85,119463,119464],{"className":87,"code":1700,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,119465,119466],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,119467,119468,119470,119472,119474,119476,119478,119480],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,119469,539],{"class":108},[94,119471,113],{"class":112},[94,119473,116],{"class":108},[94,119475,119],{"class":112},[94,119477,116],{"class":108},[94,119479,124],{"class":112},[94,119481,127],{"class":108},[24,119483,119484],{},"If you do not save the result, the original list stays the same.",[80,119486,3186],{"id":3185},[28,119488,119489,119493,119496,119500,119504],{},[31,119490,4923,119491,471],{},[15,119492,17],{},[31,119494,119495],{},"Trying to sort mixed types like integers and strings together",[31,119497,5047,119498,1851],{},[15,119499,17],{},[31,119501,1484,119502,23435],{},[15,119503,118956],{},[31,119505,29980,119506,119508,119509],{},[15,119507,449],{}," on a non-list object instead of using ",[15,119510,17],{},[24,119512,119513],{},"These quick checks can help while debugging:",[85,119515,119517],{"className":87,"code":119516,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(sorted([3, 1, 2]))\nprint(type(sorted((3, 1, 2))))\nprint(sorted(['Banana', 'apple'], key=str.lower))\nprint(sorted([3, 1, 2], reverse=True))\n",[15,119518,119519,119541,119567,119605],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,119520,119521,119523,119525,119527,119529,119531,119533,119535,119537,119539],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,119522,326],{"class":145},[94,119524,149],{"class":108},[94,119526,403],{"class":145},[94,119528,3342],{"class":108},[94,119530,113],{"class":112},[94,119532,116],{"class":108},[94,119534,119],{"class":112},[94,119536,116],{"class":108},[94,119538,124],{"class":112},[94,119540,3355],{"class":108},[94,119542,119543,119545,119547,119549,119551,119553,119555,119557,119559,119561,119563,119565],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,119544,326],{"class":145},[94,119546,149],{"class":108},[94,119548,914],{"class":913},[94,119550,149],{"class":108},[94,119552,403],{"class":145},[94,119554,5842],{"class":108},[94,119556,113],{"class":112},[94,119558,116],{"class":108},[94,119560,119],{"class":112},[94,119562,116],{"class":108},[94,119564,124],{"class":112},[94,119566,93667],{"class":108},[94,119568,119569,119571,119573,119575,119577,119579,119581,119583,119585,119587,119589,119591,119593,119595,119597,119599,119601,119603],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,119570,326],{"class":145},[94,119572,149],{"class":108},[94,119574,403],{"class":145},[94,119576,3342],{"class":108},[94,119578,968],{"class":331},[94,119580,1323],{"class":335},[94,119582,968],{"class":331},[94,119584,116],{"class":108},[94,119586,962],{"class":331},[94,119588,1332],{"class":335},[94,119590,968],{"class":331},[94,119592,18392],{"class":108},[94,119594,1367],{"class":1218},[94,119596,105],{"class":104},[94,119598,1372],{"class":913},[94,119600,168],{"class":108},[94,119602,1378],{"class":1377},[94,119604,921],{"class":108},[94,119606,119607,119609,119611,119613,119615,119617,119619,119621,119623,119625,119627,119629,119631,119633],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,119608,326],{"class":145},[94,119610,149],{"class":108},[94,119612,403],{"class":145},[94,119614,3342],{"class":108},[94,119616,113],{"class":112},[94,119618,116],{"class":108},[94,119620,119],{"class":112},[94,119622,116],{"class":108},[94,119624,124],{"class":112},[94,119626,18392],{"class":108},[94,119628,1219],{"class":1218},[94,119630,105],{"class":104},[94,119632,1225],{"class":1224},[94,119634,921],{"class":108},[24,119636,119637,119638,168],{},"If Python raises an error because values cannot be compared, that is often a type problem in your data. You may also want to review common list behavior in ",[434,119639,986],{"href":985},[80,119641,2160],{"id":2159},[265,119643,13029,119645,57487],{"id":119644},"does-sorted-change-the-original-list",[15,119646,17],{},[24,119648,119649],{},"No. It returns a new sorted list and leaves the original list unchanged.",[265,119651,5479,119653,13041],{"id":119652},"what-does-sorted-return",[15,119654,17],{},[24,119656,119657],{},"It always returns a new list, even if you sort a tuple, set, or string.",[265,119659,119661,119662,11420,119664,2170],{"id":119660},"when-should-i-use-sorted-instead-of-listsort","When should I use ",[15,119663,17],{},[15,119665,21],{},[24,119667,54,119668,119670],{},[15,119669,17],{}," when you want a new list or when your data is not a list.",[265,119672,5479,119674,86753,119676,2170],{"id":119673},"what-does-key-do-in-sorted",[15,119675,118956],{},[15,119677,17],{},[24,119679,119680],{},"It tells Python what value to use when comparing each item during sorting.",[265,119682,2179,119684,119686,119687,2170],{"id":119683},"why-does-sorted-give-a-typeerror",[15,119685,17],{}," give a ",[15,119688,3361],{},[24,119690,119691],{},"Usually because the items cannot be compared directly, such as mixing strings and integers.",[80,119693,2232],{"id":2231},[28,119695,119696,119700,119708,119712,119718,119724],{},[31,119697,119698],{},[434,119699,1132],{"href":1131},[31,119701,119702],{},[434,119703,13,119704,18,119706,6114],{"href":2321},[15,119705,17],{},[15,119707,21],{},[31,119709,119710],{},[434,119711,986],{"href":985},[31,119713,119714],{},[434,119715,13,119716,439],{"href":42688},[15,119717,42691],{},[31,119719,119720],{},[434,119721,13,119722,439],{"href":92324},[15,119723,36077],{},[31,119725,119726],{},[434,119727,13,119728,439],{"href":36523},[15,119729,36526],{},[2260,119731,119732],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html 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code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":90,"searchDepth":130,"depth":130,"links":119734},[119735,119736,119737,119740,119741,119748,119750,119752,119754,119760,119761,119773],{"id":82,"depth":130,"text":83},{"id":214,"depth":130,"text":2268},{"id":2513,"depth":130,"text":2514,"children":119738},[119739],{"id":17723,"depth":137,"text":17724},{"id":11804,"depth":130,"text":11805},{"id":118258,"depth":130,"text":118259,"children":119742},[119743,119744,119745,119746,119747],{"id":965,"depth":137,"text":118267},{"id":49284,"depth":137,"text":118331},{"id":6619,"depth":137,"text":118428},{"id":61499,"depth":137,"text":118492},{"id":15932,"depth":137,"text":29554},{"id":118697,"depth":130,"text":119749},"Using reverse=True",{"id":118953,"depth":130,"text":119751},"Using key= for custom sorting",{"id":119224,"depth":130,"text":119753},"sorted() vs list.sort()",{"id":119279,"depth":130,"text":119280,"children":119755},[119756,119757,119759],{"id":119288,"depth":137,"text":119289},{"id":119343,"depth":137,"text":119758},"Using the wrong key function",{"id":119406,"depth":137,"text":119407},{"id":3185,"depth":130,"text":3186},{"id":2159,"depth":130,"text":2160,"children":119762},[119763,119765,119767,119769,119771],{"id":119644,"depth":137,"text":119764},"Does sorted() change the original list?",{"id":119652,"depth":137,"text":119766},"What does sorted() return?",{"id":119660,"depth":137,"text":119768},"When should I use sorted() instead of list.sort()?",{"id":119673,"depth":137,"text":119770},"What does key= do in sorted()?",{"id":119683,"depth":137,"text":119772},"Why does sorted() give a TypeError?",{"id":2231,"depth":130,"text":2232},"Master python sorted function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner 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0,"depth":130,"links":121668},[121669,121670,121671,121674,121677,121680,121683,121686,121690,121696,121697,121698,121705],{"id":82,"depth":130,"text":83},{"id":188,"depth":130,"text":189},{"id":214,"depth":130,"text":2268,"children":121672},[121673],{"id":267,"depth":137,"text":2271},{"id":442,"depth":130,"text":2273,"children":121675},[121676],{"id":468,"depth":137,"text":2276},{"id":570,"depth":130,"text":571,"children":121678},[121679],{"id":598,"depth":137,"text":599},{"id":814,"depth":130,"text":2281,"children":121681},[121682],{"id":839,"depth":137,"text":840},{"id":990,"depth":130,"text":2285,"children":121684},[121685],{"id":1013,"depth":137,"text":1014},{"id":1135,"depth":130,"text":2289,"children":121687},[121688,121689],{"id":1171,"depth":137,"text":1172},{"id":1303,"depth":137,"text":1304},{"id":1498,"depth":130,"text":1499,"children":121691},[121692,121693,121694,121695],{"id":1505,"depth":137,"text":2296},{"id":1636,"depth":137,"text":2298},{"id":1789,"depth":137,"text":2300},{"id":1847,"depth":137,"text":2302},{"id":1970,"depth":130,"text":1971},{"id":2128,"depth":130,"text":2129},{"id":2159,"depth":130,"text":2160,"children":121699},[121700,121701,121702,121703,121704],{"id":2163,"depth":137,"text":2308},{"id":2178,"depth":137,"text":2310},{"id":2190,"depth":137,"text":2312},{"id":2200,"depth":137,"text":2314},{"id":2217,"depth":137,"text":2316},{"id":2231,"depth":130,"text":2232},{},{"title":5,"description":2318},{"id":121709,"title":42506,"body":121710,"description":123442,"extension":2319,"meta":123443,"navigation":133,"path":123444,"seo":123445,"stem":123446,"__hash__":123447},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":121711,"toc":123399},[121712,121717,121722,121728,121730,121785,121789,121812,121817,121822,121827,121829,121860,121863,121877,121879,121881,121896,121901,121905,121908,121959,121963,121977,121984,121988,121992,122047,122051,122074,122078,122134,122138,122161,122165,122220,122224,122247,122251,122318,122322,122357,122363,122368,122373,122375,122389,122391,122465,122469,122489,122494,122501,122504,122516,122518,122587,122591,122628,122631,122656,122663,122672,122675,122687,122693,122699,122701,122707,122712,122791,122795,122836,122840,122842,122869,122872,122895,122898,122904,122907,122944,122956,122963,122965,123016,123019,123051,123054,123056,123063,123065,123080,123082,123139,123143,123167,123169,123174,123190,123197,123201,123204,123287,123297,123299,123304,123307,123313,123316,123322,123325,123331,123334,123341,123349,123351,123396],[10,121713,13,121715,3930],{"id":121714},"python-str-function-explained",[15,121716,48015],{},[24,121718,32648,121719,121721],{},[15,121720,48015],{}," function converts a value into a string.",[24,121723,121724,121725,121727],{},"A string is text in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,121726,48015],{}," when they need to turn a number into text before combining it with other strings.",[80,121729,2361],{"id":2360},[85,121731,121733],{"className":87,"code":121732,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121734,121735,121743,121757,121761,121771],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,121736,121737,121739,121741],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,121738,21959],{"class":100},[94,121740,105],{"class":104},[94,121742,45557],{"class":112},[94,121744,121745,121747,121749,121751,121753,121755],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,121746,1803],{"class":100},[94,121748,105],{"class":104},[94,121750,49236],{"class":913},[94,121752,149],{"class":108},[94,121754,9631],{"class":152},[94,121756,316],{"class":108},[94,121758,121759],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,121760,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,121762,121763,121765,121767,121769],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,121764,326],{"class":145},[94,121766,149],{"class":108},[94,121768,1817],{"class":152},[94,121770,316],{"class":108},[94,121772,121773,121775,121777,121779,121781,121783],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,121774,326],{"class":145},[94,121776,149],{"class":108},[94,121778,914],{"class":913},[94,121780,149],{"class":108},[94,121782,1817],{"class":152},[94,121784,921],{"class":108},[24,121786,121787],{},[43,121788,371],{},[85,121790,121792],{"className":87,"code":121791,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121793,121794,121798],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,121795,121796],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,121797,3064],{"class":112},[94,121799,121800,121802,121804,121806,121808,121810],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,121801,955],{"class":104},[94,121803,959],{"class":958},[94,121805,962],{"class":331},[94,121807,1372],{"class":335},[94,121809,968],{"class":331},[94,121811,971],{"class":104},[24,121813,54,121814,121816],{},[15,121815,48015],{}," when you need a string version of a value, such as a number before joining or concatenating text.",[80,121818,215,121820,218],{"id":121819},"what-str-does",[15,121821,48015],{},[24,121823,121824,121826],{},[15,121825,48015],{}," converts a value into a string.",[24,121828,2463],{},[28,121830,121831,121838,121845,121852],{},[31,121832,121833,121834,1631,121836],{},"An integer like ",[15,121835,2688],{},[15,121837,42457],{},[31,121839,121840,121841,1631,121843],{},"A float like ",[15,121842,40473],{},[15,121844,48426],{},[31,121846,121847,121848,1631,121850],{},"A boolean like ",[15,121849,1225],{},[15,121851,6973],{},[31,121853,121854,121855,1631,121857],{},"A list like ",[15,121856,75562],{},[15,121858,121859],{},"\"[1, 2, 3]\"",[24,121861,121862],{},"The result is text, so you can:",[28,121864,121865,121868,121871,121874],{},[31,121866,121867],{},"print it",[31,121869,121870],{},"combine it with other strings",[31,121872,121873],{},"save it to a file",[31,121875,121876],{},"use it in messages",[80,121878,2514],{"id":2513},[24,121880,7551],{},[85,121882,121884],{"className":87,"code":121883,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"str(object)\n",[15,121885,121886],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,121887,121888,121890,121892,121894],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,121889,1372],{"class":913},[94,121891,149],{"class":108},[94,121893,42729],{"class":913},[94,121895,316],{"class":108},[24,121897,21102,121898,121900],{},[15,121899,42729],{}," is the value you want to convert.",[24,121902,121903,8560],{},[15,121904,48015],{},[24,121906,121907],{},"A very common beginner use case is converting a number before combining it with text:",[85,121909,121911],{"className":87,"code":121910,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"score = 100\nmessage = \"Your score is \" + str(score)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,121912,121913,121922,121945,121949],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,121914,121915,121917,121919],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,121916,5433],{"class":100},[94,121918,105],{"class":104},[94,121920,121921],{"class":112}," 100\n",[94,121923,121924,121926,121928,121930,121933,121935,121937,121939,121941,121943],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,121925,90308],{"class":100},[94,121927,105],{"class":104},[94,121929,1040],{"class":331},[94,121931,121932],{"class":335},"Your score is ",[94,121934,332],{"class":331},[94,121936,2811],{"class":104},[94,121938,49236],{"class":913},[94,121940,149],{"class":108},[94,121942,85822],{"class":152},[94,121944,316],{"class":108},[94,121946,121947],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,121948,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,121950,121951,121953,121955,121957],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,121952,326],{"class":145},[94,121954,149],{"class":108},[94,121956,90325],{"class":152},[94,121958,316],{"class":108},[24,121960,121961],{},[43,121962,371],{},[85,121964,121966],{"className":87,"code":121965,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"Your score is 100\n",[15,121967,121968],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,121969,121970,121973,121975],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,121971,121972],{"class":100},"Your score ",[94,121974,12519],{"class":104},[94,121976,121921],{"class":112},[24,121978,2653,121979,121983],{},[434,121980,121981,2660],{"href":2656},[15,121982,2659],{}," can help you check.",[80,121985,121987],{"id":121986},"simple-examples","Simple examples",[265,121989,121991],{"id":121990},"convert-an-integer-to-a-string","Convert an integer to a string",[85,121993,121995],{"className":87,"code":121994,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"number = 10\ntext = str(number)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121996,121997,122005,122019,122023,122033],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,121998,121999,122001,122003],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,122000,2576],{"class":100},[94,122002,105],{"class":104},[94,122004,2942],{"class":112},[94,122006,122007,122009,122011,122013,122015,122017],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,122008,1803],{"class":100},[94,122010,105],{"class":104},[94,122012,49236],{"class":913},[94,122014,149],{"class":108},[94,122016,2598],{"class":152},[94,122018,316],{"class":108},[94,122020,122021],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,122022,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,122024,122025,122027,122029,122031],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,122026,326],{"class":145},[94,122028,149],{"class":108},[94,122030,1817],{"class":152},[94,122032,316],{"class":108},[94,122034,122035,122037,122039,122041,122043,122045],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,122036,326],{"class":145},[94,122038,149],{"class":108},[94,122040,914],{"class":913},[94,122042,149],{"class":108},[94,122044,1817],{"class":152},[94,122046,921],{"class":108},[24,122048,122049],{},[43,122050,371],{},[85,122052,122054],{"className":87,"code":122053,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"10\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122055,122056,122060],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,122057,122058],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,122059,2734],{"class":112},[94,122061,122062,122064,122066,122068,122070,122072],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,122063,955],{"class":104},[94,122065,959],{"class":958},[94,122067,962],{"class":331},[94,122069,1372],{"class":335},[94,122071,968],{"class":331},[94,122073,971],{"class":104},[265,122075,122077],{"id":122076},"convert-a-float-to-a-string","Convert a float to a string",[85,122079,122081],{"className":87,"code":122080,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"price = 3.14\ntext = str(price)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122082,122083,122092,122106,122110,122120],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,122084,122085,122087,122089],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,122086,40717],{"class":100},[94,122088,105],{"class":104},[94,122090,122091],{"class":112}," 3.14\n",[94,122093,122094,122096,122098,122100,122102,122104],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,122095,1803],{"class":100},[94,122097,105],{"class":104},[94,122099,49236],{"class":913},[94,122101,149],{"class":108},[94,122103,25481],{"class":152},[94,122105,316],{"class":108},[94,122107,122108],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,122109,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,122111,122112,122114,122116,122118],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,122113,326],{"class":145},[94,122115,149],{"class":108},[94,122117,1817],{"class":152},[94,122119,316],{"class":108},[94,122121,122122,122124,122126,122128,122130,122132],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,122123,326],{"class":145},[94,122125,149],{"class":108},[94,122127,914],{"class":913},[94,122129,149],{"class":108},[94,122131,1817],{"class":152},[94,122133,921],{"class":108},[24,122135,122136],{},[43,122137,371],{},[85,122139,122141],{"className":87,"code":122140,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"3.14\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122142,122143,122147],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,122144,122145],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,122146,40507],{"class":112},[94,122148,122149,122151,122153,122155,122157,122159],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,122150,955],{"class":104},[94,122152,959],{"class":958},[94,122154,962],{"class":331},[94,122156,1372],{"class":335},[94,122158,968],{"class":331},[94,122160,971],{"class":104},[265,122162,122164],{"id":122163},"convert-a-boolean-to-a-string","Convert a boolean to a string",[85,122166,122168],{"className":87,"code":122167,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"value = True\ntext = str(value)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122169,122170,122178,122192,122196,122206],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,122171,122172,122174,122176],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,122173,2804],{"class":100},[94,122175,105],{"class":104},[94,122177,6755],{"class":1224},[94,122179,122180,122182,122184,122186,122188,122190],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,122181,1803],{"class":100},[94,122183,105],{"class":104},[94,122185,49236],{"class":913},[94,122187,149],{"class":108},[94,122189,2829],{"class":152},[94,122191,316],{"class":108},[94,122193,122194],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,122195,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,122197,122198,122200,122202,122204],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,122199,326],{"class":145},[94,122201,149],{"class":108},[94,122203,1817],{"class":152},[94,122205,316],{"class":108},[94,122207,122208,122210,122212,122214,122216,122218],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,122209,326],{"class":145},[94,122211,149],{"class":108},[94,122213,914],{"class":913},[94,122215,149],{"class":108},[94,122217,1817],{"class":152},[94,122219,921],{"class":108},[24,122221,122222],{},[43,122223,371],{},[85,122225,122227],{"className":87,"code":122226,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"True\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122228,122229,122233],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,122230,122231],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,122232,4325],{"class":1224},[94,122234,122235,122237,122239,122241,122243,122245],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,122236,955],{"class":104},[94,122238,959],{"class":958},[94,122240,962],{"class":331},[94,122242,1372],{"class":335},[94,122244,968],{"class":331},[94,122246,971],{"class":104},[265,122248,122250],{"id":122249},"convert-a-list-to-a-string","Convert a list to a string",[85,122252,122254],{"className":87,"code":122253,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"items = [1, 2, 3]\ntext = str(items)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122255,122256,122276,122290,122294,122304],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,122257,122258,122260,122262,122264,122266,122268,122270,122272,122274],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,122259,8113],{"class":100},[94,122261,105],{"class":104},[94,122263,109],{"class":108},[94,122265,412],{"class":112},[94,122267,116],{"class":108},[94,122269,124],{"class":112},[94,122271,116],{"class":108},[94,122273,421],{"class":112},[94,122275,127],{"class":108},[94,122277,122278,122280,122282,122284,122286,122288],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,122279,1803],{"class":100},[94,122281,105],{"class":104},[94,122283,49236],{"class":913},[94,122285,149],{"class":108},[94,122287,8144],{"class":152},[94,122289,316],{"class":108},[94,122291,122292],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,122293,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,122295,122296,122298,122300,122302],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,122297,326],{"class":145},[94,122299,149],{"class":108},[94,122301,1817],{"class":152},[94,122303,316],{"class":108},[94,122305,122306,122308,122310,122312,122314,122316],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,122307,326],{"class":145},[94,122309,149],{"class":108},[94,122311,914],{"class":913},[94,122313,149],{"class":108},[94,122315,1817],{"class":152},[94,122317,921],{"class":108},[24,122319,122320],{},[43,122321,371],{},[85,122323,122325],{"className":87,"code":122324,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122326,122327,122343],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,122328,122329,122331,122333,122335,122337,122339,122341],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,122330,539],{"class":108},[94,122332,412],{"class":112},[94,122334,116],{"class":108},[94,122336,124],{"class":112},[94,122338,116],{"class":108},[94,122340,421],{"class":112},[94,122342,127],{"class":108},[94,122344,122345,122347,122349,122351,122353,122355],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,122346,955],{"class":104},[94,122348,959],{"class":958},[94,122350,962],{"class":331},[94,122352,1372],{"class":335},[94,122354,968],{"class":331},[94,122356,971],{"class":104},[24,122358,122359,122360,122362],{},"This gives you the string form of the list. It does ",[43,122361,45],{}," join the items into a clean sentence.",[80,122364,815,122366],{"id":122365},"when-to-use-str",[15,122367,48015],{},[24,122369,54,122370,122372],{},[15,122371,48015],{}," when you want a text representation of another data type.",[24,122374,36754],{},[28,122376,122377,122380,122383,122386],{},[31,122378,122379],{},"Before concatenating text with numbers",[31,122381,122382],{},"Before writing mixed values to a file",[31,122384,122385],{},"Before displaying values in messages",[31,122387,122388],{},"When you want text instead of a numeric value",[24,122390,2566],{},[85,122392,122394],{"className":87,"code":122393,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 25\n\nmessage = name + \" is \" + str(age) + \" years old.\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,122395,122396,122408,122416,122420,122455],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,122397,122398,122400,122402,122404,122406],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,122399,8211],{"class":100},[94,122401,105],{"class":104},[94,122403,1040],{"class":331},[94,122405,11839],{"class":335},[94,122407,1812],{"class":331},[94,122409,122410,122412,122414],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,122411,21959],{"class":100},[94,122413,105],{"class":104},[94,122415,45557],{"class":112},[94,122417,122418],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,122419,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,122421,122422,122424,122426,122428,122430,122432,122434,122436,122438,122440,122442,122444,122446,122448,122450,122453],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,122423,90308],{"class":100},[94,122425,105],{"class":104},[94,122427,36296],{"class":100},[94,122429,2417],{"class":104},[94,122431,1040],{"class":331},[94,122433,5126],{"class":335},[94,122435,332],{"class":331},[94,122437,2811],{"class":104},[94,122439,49236],{"class":913},[94,122441,149],{"class":108},[94,122443,9631],{"class":152},[94,122445,156],{"class":108},[94,122447,2811],{"class":104},[94,122449,1040],{"class":331},[94,122451,122452],{"class":335}," years old.",[94,122454,1812],{"class":331},[94,122456,122457,122459,122461,122463],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,122458,326],{"class":145},[94,122460,149],{"class":108},[94,122462,90325],{"class":152},[94,122464,316],{"class":108},[24,122466,122467],{},[43,122468,371],{},[85,122470,122472],{"className":87,"code":122471,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"Maya is 25 years old.\n",[15,122473,122474],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,122475,122476,122479,122481,122483,122486],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,122477,122478],{"class":100},"Maya ",[94,122480,12519],{"class":104},[94,122482,9638],{"class":112},[94,122484,122485],{"class":100}," years old",[94,122487,122488],{"class":108},".\n",[24,122490,122491,122492,168],{},"If you need help with cleaner message building, see ",[434,122493,89995],{"href":89994},[80,122495,122497,18,122499],{"id":122496},"str-vs-print",[15,122498,48015],{},[15,122500,46783],{},[24,122502,122503],{},"These two functions do different jobs:",[28,122505,122506,122511],{},[31,122507,122508,122510],{},[15,122509,48015],{}," converts a value and returns a string",[31,122512,122513,122515],{},[15,122514,46783],{}," displays output on the screen",[24,122517,2566],{},[85,122519,122521],{"className":87,"code":122520,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"value = 42\n\ntext = str(value)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,122522,122523,122531,122535,122549,122559,122573],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,122524,122525,122527,122529],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,122526,2804],{"class":100},[94,122528,105],{"class":104},[94,122530,3124],{"class":112},[94,122532,122533],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,122534,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,122536,122537,122539,122541,122543,122545,122547],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,122538,1803],{"class":100},[94,122540,105],{"class":104},[94,122542,49236],{"class":913},[94,122544,149],{"class":108},[94,122546,2829],{"class":152},[94,122548,316],{"class":108},[94,122550,122551,122553,122555,122557],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,122552,326],{"class":145},[94,122554,149],{"class":108},[94,122556,1817],{"class":152},[94,122558,316],{"class":108},[94,122560,122561,122563,122565,122567,122569,122571],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,122562,326],{"class":145},[94,122564,149],{"class":108},[94,122566,914],{"class":913},[94,122568,149],{"class":108},[94,122570,1817],{"class":152},[94,122572,921],{"class":108},[94,122574,122575,122577,122579,122581,122583,122585],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,122576,326],{"class":145},[94,122578,149],{"class":108},[94,122580,914],{"class":913},[94,122582,149],{"class":108},[94,122584,2829],{"class":152},[94,122586,921],{"class":108},[24,122588,122589],{},[43,122590,371],{},[85,122592,122594],{"className":87,"code":122593,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,122595,122596,122600,122614],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,122597,122598],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,122599,46943],{"class":112},[94,122601,122602,122604,122606,122608,122610,122612],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,122603,955],{"class":104},[94,122605,959],{"class":958},[94,122607,962],{"class":331},[94,122609,1372],{"class":335},[94,122611,968],{"class":331},[94,122613,971],{"class":104},[94,122615,122616,122618,122620,122622,122624,122626],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,122617,955],{"class":104},[94,122619,959],{"class":958},[94,122621,962],{"class":331},[94,122623,2546],{"class":335},[94,122625,968],{"class":331},[94,122627,971],{"class":104},[24,122629,122630],{},"Notice:",[28,122632,122633,122639,122644],{},[31,122634,122635,122638],{},[15,122636,122637],{},"str(value)"," created a string",[31,122640,122641,122643],{},[15,122642,46783],{}," only displayed values",[31,122645,122646,122648,122649,122651,122652,61626,122654],{},[15,122647,46783],{}," did not change ",[15,122650,2829],{}," from ",[15,122653,2546],{},[15,122655,1372],{},[24,122657,122658,122659,168],{},"You can learn more about output with the ",[434,122660,122661,2660],{"href":46780},[15,122662,46783],{},[80,122664,122666,18,122668,122671],{"id":122665},"str-vs-repr-for-beginners",[15,122667,48015],{},[15,122669,122670],{},"repr()"," for beginners",[24,122673,122674],{},"For beginners, the main idea is simple:",[28,122676,122677,122682],{},[31,122678,122679,122681],{},[15,122680,48015],{}," is the more readable text version",[31,122683,122684,122686],{},[15,122685,122670],{}," is more developer-focused",[24,122688,122689,122690,122692],{},"In everyday beginner code, you will usually need ",[15,122691,48015],{}," much more often.",[24,122694,122695,122696,122698],{},"For example, when showing values in a message, ",[15,122697,48015],{}," is usually the right choice.",[80,122700,4862],{"id":4861},[265,122702,26106,122704,122706],{"id":122703},"thinking-str-changes-the-original-variable",[15,122705,48015],{}," changes the original variable",[24,122708,122709,122711],{},[15,122710,48015],{}," does not modify the original value. It returns a new string.",[85,122713,122715],{"className":87,"code":122714,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122716,122717,122725,122739,122743,122753,122767,122777],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,122718,122719,122721,122723],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,122720,21959],{"class":100},[94,122722,105],{"class":104},[94,122724,45557],{"class":112},[94,122726,122727,122729,122731,122733,122735,122737],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,122728,1803],{"class":100},[94,122730,105],{"class":104},[94,122732,49236],{"class":913},[94,122734,149],{"class":108},[94,122736,9631],{"class":152},[94,122738,316],{"class":108},[94,122740,122741],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,122742,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,122744,122745,122747,122749,122751],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,122746,326],{"class":145},[94,122748,149],{"class":108},[94,122750,9631],{"class":152},[94,122752,316],{"class":108},[94,122754,122755,122757,122759,122761,122763,122765],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,122756,326],{"class":145},[94,122758,149],{"class":108},[94,122760,914],{"class":913},[94,122762,149],{"class":108},[94,122764,9631],{"class":152},[94,122766,921],{"class":108},[94,122768,122769,122771,122773,122775],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,122770,326],{"class":145},[94,122772,149],{"class":108},[94,122774,1817],{"class":152},[94,122776,316],{"class":108},[94,122778,122779,122781,122783,122785,122787,122789],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,122780,326],{"class":145},[94,122782,149],{"class":108},[94,122784,914],{"class":913},[94,122786,149],{"class":108},[94,122788,1817],{"class":152},[94,122790,921],{"class":108},[24,122792,122793],{},[43,122794,371],{},[85,122796,122798],{"className":87,"code":122797,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122799,122800,122804,122818,122822],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,122801,122802],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,122803,3064],{"class":112},[94,122805,122806,122808,122810,122812,122814,122816],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,122807,955],{"class":104},[94,122809,959],{"class":958},[94,122811,962],{"class":331},[94,122813,2546],{"class":335},[94,122815,968],{"class":331},[94,122817,971],{"class":104},[94,122819,122820],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,122821,3064],{"class":112},[94,122823,122824,122826,122828,122830,122832,122834],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,122825,955],{"class":104},[94,122827,959],{"class":958},[94,122829,962],{"class":331},[94,122831,1372],{"class":335},[94,122833,968],{"class":331},[94,122835,971],{"class":104},[265,122837,122839],{"id":122838},"forgetting-to-store-the-result","Forgetting to store the result",[24,122841,7020],{},[85,122843,122845],{"className":87,"code":122844,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n",[15,122846,122847,122855],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,122848,122849,122851,122853],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,122850,21959],{"class":100},[94,122852,105],{"class":104},[94,122854,45557],{"class":112},[94,122856,122857,122859,122861,122863,122865,122867],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,122858,1803],{"class":100},[94,122860,105],{"class":104},[94,122862,49236],{"class":913},[94,122864,149],{"class":108},[94,122866,9631],{"class":152},[94,122868,316],{"class":108},[24,122870,122871],{},"But if you only do this:",[85,122873,122875],{"className":87,"code":122874,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"age = 25\nstr(age)\n",[15,122876,122877,122885],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,122878,122879,122881,122883],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,122880,21959],{"class":100},[94,122882,105],{"class":104},[94,122884,45557],{"class":112},[94,122886,122887,122889,122891,122893],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,122888,1372],{"class":913},[94,122890,149],{"class":108},[94,122892,9631],{"class":152},[94,122894,316],{"class":108},[24,122896,122897],{},"the conversion happens, but you did not save the result anywhere.",[265,122899,1484,122901,122903],{"id":122900},"using-str-too-early",[15,122902,48015],{}," too early",[24,122905,122906],{},"If you convert a number to a string, you can no longer use it directly for math.",[85,122908,122910],{"className":87,"code":122909,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"price = 10\ntext_price = str(price)\n\n# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[15,122911,122912,122920,122935,122939],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,122913,122914,122916,122918],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,122915,40717],{"class":100},[94,122917,105],{"class":104},[94,122919,2942],{"class":112},[94,122921,122922,122925,122927,122929,122931,122933],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,122923,122924],{"class":100},"text_price ",[94,122926,105],{"class":104},[94,122928,49236],{"class":913},[94,122930,149],{"class":108},[94,122932,25481],{"class":152},[94,122934,316],{"class":108},[94,122936,122937],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,122938,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,122940,122941],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,122942,122943],{"class":159},"# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[24,122945,122946,122947,2167,122951,122955],{},"If you need a number again, convert it back with ",[434,122948,122949],{"href":3231},[15,122950,3234],{},[434,122952,122953],{"href":3237},[15,122954,3240],{},", depending on the situation.",[265,122957,8786,122959,122962],{"id":122958},"expecting-strlist_value-to-create-user-friendly-formatting",[15,122960,122961],{},"str(list_value)"," to create user-friendly formatting",[24,122964,64967],{},[85,122966,122968],{"className":87,"code":122967,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nprint(str(items))\n",[15,122969,122970,123002],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,122971,122972,122974,122976,122978,122980,122982,122984,122986,122988,122990,122992,122994,122996,122998,123000],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,122973,8113],{"class":100},[94,122975,105],{"class":104},[94,122977,109],{"class":108},[94,122979,332],{"class":331},[94,122981,1332],{"class":335},[94,122983,332],{"class":331},[94,122985,116],{"class":108},[94,122987,1040],{"class":331},[94,122989,4432],{"class":335},[94,122991,332],{"class":331},[94,122993,116],{"class":108},[94,122995,1040],{"class":331},[94,122997,33552],{"class":335},[94,122999,332],{"class":331},[94,123001,127],{"class":108},[94,123003,123004,123006,123008,123010,123012,123014],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,123005,326],{"class":145},[94,123007,149],{"class":108},[94,123009,1372],{"class":913},[94,123011,149],{"class":108},[94,123013,8144],{"class":152},[94,123015,921],{"class":108},[24,123017,123018],{},"prints:",[85,123020,123021],{"className":87,"code":73160,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,123022,123023],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,123024,123025,123027,123029,123031,123033,123035,123037,123039,123041,123043,123045,123047,123049],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,123026,539],{"class":108},[94,123028,968],{"class":331},[94,123030,1332],{"class":335},[94,123032,968],{"class":331},[94,123034,116],{"class":108},[94,123036,962],{"class":331},[94,123038,4432],{"class":335},[94,123040,968],{"class":331},[94,123042,116],{"class":108},[94,123044,962],{"class":331},[94,123046,33552],{"class":335},[94,123048,968],{"class":331},[94,123050,127],{"class":108},[24,123052,123053],{},"That is the string representation of the list. It is not the same as a nicely formatted sentence.",[80,123055,17748],{"id":17747},[24,123057,123058,22306,123060,168],{},[15,123059,48015],{},[43,123061,123062],{},"new string",[24,123064,11788],{},[28,123066,123067,123070,123073],{},[31,123068,123069],{},"It always returns a string",[31,123071,123072],{},"It does not modify the original object",[31,123074,8096,123075,123079],{},[434,123076,123077],{"href":2656},[15,123078,2659],{}," to confirm the result",[24,123081,2566],{},[85,123083,123085],{"className":87,"code":123084,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"value = 99\nconverted = str(value)\n\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,123086,123087,123095,123110,123114,123125],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,123088,123089,123091,123093],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,123090,2804],{"class":100},[94,123092,105],{"class":104},[94,123094,14458],{"class":112},[94,123096,123097,123100,123102,123104,123106,123108],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,123098,123099],{"class":100},"converted ",[94,123101,105],{"class":104},[94,123103,49236],{"class":913},[94,123105,149],{"class":108},[94,123107,2829],{"class":152},[94,123109,316],{"class":108},[94,123111,123112],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,123113,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,123115,123116,123118,123120,123123],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,123117,326],{"class":145},[94,123119,149],{"class":108},[94,123121,123122],{"class":152},"converted",[94,123124,316],{"class":108},[94,123126,123127,123129,123131,123133,123135,123137],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,123128,326],{"class":145},[94,123130,149],{"class":108},[94,123132,914],{"class":913},[94,123134,149],{"class":108},[94,123136,123122],{"class":152},[94,123138,921],{"class":108},[24,123140,123141],{},[43,123142,371],{},[85,123144,123146],{"className":87,"code":123145,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"99\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,123147,123148,123153],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,123149,123150],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,123151,123152],{"class":112},"99\n",[94,123154,123155,123157,123159,123161,123163,123165],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,123156,955],{"class":104},[94,123158,959],{"class":958},[94,123160,962],{"class":331},[94,123162,1372],{"class":335},[94,123164,968],{"class":331},[94,123166,971],{"class":104},[80,123168,1971],{"id":1970},[24,123170,123171,123172,75131],{},"Beginners usually run into trouble with ",[15,123173,48015],{},[28,123175,123176,123179,123182,123187],{},[31,123177,123178],{},"Trying to add a string and an integer without conversion",[31,123180,123181],{},"Confusing conversion with printing",[31,123183,1484,123184,123186],{},[15,123185,48015],{}," too early and then trying to do math on the result",[31,123188,123189],{},"Assuming list or dictionary conversion creates user-friendly formatting",[24,123191,123192,123193,168],{},"A very common related error happens when you try to combine text and a number directly. If that is your problem, see ",[434,123194,26011,123195],{"href":90706},[15,123196,90707],{},[80,123198,123200],{"id":123199},"useful-debugging-steps","Useful debugging steps",[24,123202,123203],{},"If you are not sure what is happening, print both the value and its type:",[85,123205,123207],{"className":87,"code":123206,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"value = 25\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nconverted = str(value)\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,123208,123209,123217,123221,123231,123245,123249,123263,123273],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,123210,123211,123213,123215],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,123212,2804],{"class":100},[94,123214,105],{"class":104},[94,123216,45557],{"class":112},[94,123218,123219],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,123220,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,123222,123223,123225,123227,123229],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,123224,326],{"class":145},[94,123226,149],{"class":108},[94,123228,2829],{"class":152},[94,123230,316],{"class":108},[94,123232,123233,123235,123237,123239,123241,123243],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,123234,326],{"class":145},[94,123236,149],{"class":108},[94,123238,914],{"class":913},[94,123240,149],{"class":108},[94,123242,2829],{"class":152},[94,123244,921],{"class":108},[94,123246,123247],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,123248,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,123250,123251,123253,123255,123257,123259,123261],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,123252,123099],{"class":100},[94,123254,105],{"class":104},[94,123256,49236],{"class":913},[94,123258,149],{"class":108},[94,123260,2829],{"class":152},[94,123262,316],{"class":108},[94,123264,123265,123267,123269,123271],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,123266,326],{"class":145},[94,123268,149],{"class":108},[94,123270,123122],{"class":152},[94,123272,316],{"class":108},[94,123274,123275,123277,123279,123281,123283,123285],{"class":96,"line":702},[94,123276,326],{"class":145},[94,123278,149],{"class":108},[94,123280,914],{"class":913},[94,123282,149],{"class":108},[94,123284,123122],{"class":152},[94,123286,921],{"class":108},[24,123288,123289,123290,2547,123292,123294,123295,168],{},"This helps you see exactly when a value changes from ",[15,123291,2546],{},[15,123293,2550],{},", or another type into ",[15,123296,1372],{},[80,123298,2160],{"id":2159},[265,123300,5479,123302,5482],{"id":123301},"what-does-str-return-in-python",[15,123303,48015],{},[24,123305,123306],{},"It returns a string version of the value you pass in.",[265,123308,13029,123310,123312],{"id":123309},"does-str-change-the-original-variable",[15,123311,48015],{}," change the original variable?",[24,123314,123315],{},"No. It creates and returns a new string.",[265,123317,2191,123319,123321],{"id":123318},"can-str-convert-numbers-to-text",[15,123320,48015],{}," convert numbers to text?",[24,123323,123324],{},"Yes. It can convert integers, floats, and other values into strings.",[265,123326,94891,123328,123330],{"id":123327},"why-use-str-before-combining-text-and-numbers",[15,123329,48015],{}," before combining text and numbers?",[24,123332,123333],{},"Because Python does not let you directly concatenate a string with an integer or float.",[265,123335,15230,123337,57529,123339,2170],{"id":123336},"is-str-the-same-as-print",[15,123338,48015],{},[15,123340,46783],{},[24,123342,2207,123343,123345,123346,123348],{},[15,123344,48015],{}," converts to text. ",[15,123347,46783],{}," shows output.",[80,123350,2232],{"id":2231},[28,123352,123353,123359,123365,123371,123377,123386,123390],{},[31,123354,123355],{},[434,123356,123357,439],{"href":46780},[15,123358,46783],{},[31,123360,123361],{},[434,123362,123363,439],{"href":2656},[15,123364,2659],{},[31,123366,123367],{},[434,123368,123369,439],{"href":3231},[15,123370,3234],{},[31,123372,123373],{},[434,123374,123375,439],{"href":3237},[15,123376,3240],{},[31,123378,123379],{},[434,123380,123382,123383,123385],{"href":123381},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-int-to-string-in-python\u002F","How to convert ",[15,123384,2546],{}," to string in Python",[31,123387,123388],{},[434,123389,90984],{"href":89994},[31,123391,123392],{},[434,123393,30678,123394],{"href":90706},[15,123395,90707],{},[2260,123397,123398],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":90,"searchDepth":130,"depth":130,"links":123400},[123401,123402,123404,123405,123411,123413,123415,123417,123426,123427,123428,123429,123441],{"id":2360,"depth":130,"text":2361},{"id":121819,"depth":130,"text":123403},"What str() does",{"id":2513,"depth":130,"text":2514},{"id":121986,"depth":130,"text":121987,"children":123406},[123407,123408,123409,123410],{"id":121990,"depth":137,"text":121991},{"id":122076,"depth":137,"text":122077},{"id":122163,"depth":137,"text":122164},{"id":122249,"depth":137,"text":122250},{"id":122365,"depth":130,"text":123412},"When to use str()",{"id":122496,"depth":130,"text":123414},"str() vs print()",{"id":122665,"depth":130,"text":123416},"str() vs repr() for beginners",{"id":4861,"depth":130,"text":4862,"children":123418},[123419,123421,123422,123424],{"id":122703,"depth":137,"text":123420},"Thinking str() changes the original variable",{"id":122838,"depth":137,"text":122839},{"id":122900,"depth":137,"text":123423},"Using str() too early",{"id":122958,"depth":137,"text":123425},"Expecting str(list_value) to create user-friendly formatting",{"id":17747,"depth":130,"text":17748},{"id":1970,"depth":130,"text":1971},{"id":123199,"depth":130,"text":123200},{"id":2159,"depth":130,"text":2160,"children":123430},[123431,123433,123435,123437,123439],{"id":123301,"depth":137,"text":123432},"What does str() return in Python?",{"id":123309,"depth":137,"text":123434},"Does str() change the original variable?",{"id":123318,"depth":137,"text":123436},"Can str() convert numbers to text?",{"id":123327,"depth":137,"text":123438},"Why use str() before combining text and numbers?",{"id":123336,"depth":137,"text":123440},"Is str() the same as print()?",{"id":2231,"depth":130,"text":2232},"Master python str function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained",{"title":42506,"description":123442},"reference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained","xSgxPTbh2LeZ2szCzgugEbmUMc6VSvYIjm9yYt9CY3Y",{"id":123449,"title":123450,"body":123451,"description":124904,"extension":2319,"meta":124905,"navigation":133,"path":124906,"seo":124907,"stem":124908,"__hash__":124909},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method.md","Python String count() Method",{"type":7,"value":123452,"toc":124866},[123453,123459,123465,123468,123490,123492,123554,123556,123569,123575,123580,123585,123587,123600,123611,123613,123640,123642,123659,123666,123677,123679,123684,123686,123698,123706,123715,123717,123720,123773,123775,123783,123791,123795,123800,123840,123842,123850,123853,123855,123895,123897,123905,123915,123921,123924,123997,123999,124012,124016,124021,124049,124052,124087,124089,124097,124100,124104,124108,124110,124126,124128,124168,124170,124178,124187,124230,124232,124240,124242,124246,124252,124255,124295,124297,124305,124310,124313,124356,124360,124363,124398,124403,124405,124444,124454,124462,124472,124480,124484,124489,124491,124532,124534,124542,124547,124550,124553,124571,124577,124581,124586,124589,124629,124631,124636,124735,124738,124754,124756,124775,124777,124784,124787,124793,124796,124802,124806,124812,124815,124821,124824,124826,124863],[10,123454,123456,123457,11651],{"id":123455},"python-string-count-method","Python String ",[15,123458,57614],{},[24,123460,123461,123462,123464],{},"The Python string ",[15,123463,57614],{}," method returns how many times a substring appears in a string.",[24,123466,123467],{},"This reference page explains:",[28,123469,123470,123474,123477,123479,123487],{},[31,123471,2111,123472,218],{},[15,123473,57614],{},[31,123475,123476],{},"its syntax",[31,123478,35722],{},[31,123480,123481,123482,1139,123484,123486],{},"how ",[15,123483,36400],{},[15,123485,52990],{}," work",[31,123488,123489],{},"common beginner mistakes",[80,123491,2361],{"id":2360},[85,123493,123495],{"className":87,"code":123494,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,123496,123497,123509,123531],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,123498,123499,123501,123503,123505,123507],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,123500,1803],{"class":100},[94,123502,105],{"class":104},[94,123504,1040],{"class":331},[94,123506,4432],{"class":335},[94,123508,1812],{"class":331},[94,123510,123511,123513,123515,123517,123519,123521,123523,123525,123527,123529],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,123512,326],{"class":145},[94,123514,149],{"class":108},[94,123516,1817],{"class":152},[94,123518,168],{"class":108},[94,123520,41590],{"class":152},[94,123522,149],{"class":108},[94,123524,332],{"class":331},[94,123526,434],{"class":335},[94,123528,332],{"class":331},[94,123530,921],{"class":108},[94,123532,123533,123535,123537,123539,123541,123543,123545,123547,123550,123552],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,123534,326],{"class":145},[94,123536,149],{"class":108},[94,123538,1817],{"class":152},[94,123540,168],{"class":108},[94,123542,41590],{"class":152},[94,123544,149],{"class":108},[94,123546,332],{"class":331},[94,123548,123549],{"class":335},"na",[94,123551,332],{"class":331},[94,123553,921],{"class":108},[24,123555,371],{},[85,123557,123559],{"className":87,"code":123558,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"3\n2\n",[15,123560,123561,123565],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,123562,123563],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,123564,46948],{"class":112},[94,123566,123567],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,123568,17385],{"class":112},[24,123570,54,123571,123574],{},[15,123572,123573],{},"string.count(value)"," to count how many times a substring appears in a string.",[80,123576,13322,123578,13325],{"id":123577},"what-the-count-method-does",[15,123579,57614],{},[24,123581,123582,123584],{},[15,123583,57614],{}," tells you how many times some text appears inside a string.",[24,123586,13378],{},[28,123588,123589,123592,123595,123597],{},[31,123590,123591],{},"It returns how many times a substring appears in a string",[31,123593,123594],{},"It works with single characters and longer strings",[31,123596,43989],{},[31,123598,123599],{},"It does not change the original string",[24,123601,123602,123603,123605,123606,2547,123608,123610],{},"For example, if you want to know how many ",[15,123604,18426],{}," characters are in ",[15,123607,65598],{},[15,123609,57614],{}," is a simple choice.",[80,123612,2514],{"id":2513},[85,123614,123616],{"className":87,"code":123615,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"string.count(value, start, end)\n",[15,123617,123618],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,123619,123620,123622,123624,123626,123628,123630,123632,123634,123636,123638],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,123621,61499],{"class":100},[94,123623,168],{"class":108},[94,123625,41590],{"class":152},[94,123627,149],{"class":108},[94,123629,2829],{"class":152},[94,123631,116],{"class":108},[94,123633,36379],{"class":152},[94,123635,116],{"class":108},[94,123637,65364],{"class":152},[94,123639,316],{"class":108},[265,123641,17724],{"id":17723},[28,123643,123644,123649,123654],{},[31,123645,123646,123648],{},[15,123647,2829],{},": the text to search for",[31,123650,123651,123653],{},[15,123652,36400],{},": optional; where counting begins",[31,123655,123656,123658],{},[15,123657,52990],{},": optional; where counting stops",[24,123660,123661,1139,123663,123665],{},[15,123662,36400],{},[15,123664,52990],{}," work like slice positions:",[28,123667,123668,123673],{},[31,123669,123670,123672],{},[15,123671,36400],{}," is included",[31,123674,123675,76057],{},[15,123676,52990],{},[80,123678,17748],{"id":17747},[24,123680,123681,123683],{},[15,123682,57614],{}," returns a whole number.",[24,123685,2482],{},[28,123687,123688,123693],{},[31,123689,123690,123691],{},"If the substring is found 3 times, it returns ",[15,123692,113],{},[31,123694,123695,123696],{},"If the substring is not found, it returns ",[15,123697,2476],{},[24,123699,41236,123700,2182,123702,2167,123704,168],{},[43,123701,45],{},[15,123703,1225],{},[15,123705,4020],{},[24,123707,123708,123709,123714],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, using the ",[434,123710,123712,101901],{"href":123711},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python\u002F",[15,123713,4228],{}," is often a better fit.",[80,123716,11805],{"id":11804},[24,123718,123719],{},"Here is a short example that counts one character:",[85,123721,123723],{"className":87,"code":123722,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"apple\"\nresult = text.count(\"p\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,123724,123725,123737,123759,123763],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,123726,123727,123729,123731,123733,123735],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,123728,1803],{"class":100},[94,123730,105],{"class":104},[94,123732,1040],{"class":331},[94,123734,1332],{"class":335},[94,123736,1812],{"class":331},[94,123738,123739,123741,123743,123745,123747,123749,123751,123753,123755,123757],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,123740,305],{"class":100},[94,123742,105],{"class":104},[94,123744,43172],{"class":100},[94,123746,168],{"class":108},[94,123748,41590],{"class":152},[94,123750,149],{"class":108},[94,123752,332],{"class":331},[94,123754,24],{"class":335},[94,123756,332],{"class":331},[94,123758,316],{"class":108},[94,123760,123761],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,123762,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,123764,123765,123767,123769,123771],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,123766,326],{"class":145},[94,123768,149],{"class":108},[94,123770,902],{"class":152},[94,123772,316],{"class":108},[24,123774,371],{},[85,123776,123777],{"className":87,"code":17385,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,123778,123779],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,123780,123781],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,123782,17385],{"class":112},[24,123784,64144,123785,123788,123789,168],{},[15,123786,123787],{},"\"p\""," appears 2 times in ",[15,123790,58157],{},[80,123792,123794],{"id":123793},"counting-a-word-or-substring","Counting a word or substring",[24,123796,123797,123799],{},[15,123798,57614],{}," can search for more than one character. It can count full words or repeated patterns.",[85,123801,123803],{"className":87,"code":123802,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"cat dog cat bird cat\"\nprint(text.count(\"cat\"))\n",[15,123804,123805,123818],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,123806,123807,123809,123811,123813,123816],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,123808,1803],{"class":100},[94,123810,105],{"class":104},[94,123812,1040],{"class":331},[94,123814,123815],{"class":335},"cat dog cat bird cat",[94,123817,1812],{"class":331},[94,123819,123820,123822,123824,123826,123828,123830,123832,123834,123836,123838],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,123821,326],{"class":145},[94,123823,149],{"class":108},[94,123825,1817],{"class":152},[94,123827,168],{"class":108},[94,123829,41590],{"class":152},[94,123831,149],{"class":108},[94,123833,332],{"class":331},[94,123835,37376],{"class":335},[94,123837,332],{"class":331},[94,123839,921],{"class":108},[24,123841,371],{},[85,123843,123844],{"className":87,"code":46948,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,123845,123846],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,123847,123848],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,123849,46948],{"class":112},[24,123851,123852],{},"It matches exact text only. That means spacing, punctuation, and letter case matter.",[24,123854,2566],{},[85,123856,123858],{"className":87,"code":123857,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"one One one\"\nprint(text.count(\"one\"))\n",[15,123859,123860,123873],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,123861,123862,123864,123866,123868,123871],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,123863,1803],{"class":100},[94,123865,105],{"class":104},[94,123867,1040],{"class":331},[94,123869,123870],{"class":335},"one One one",[94,123872,1812],{"class":331},[94,123874,123875,123877,123879,123881,123883,123885,123887,123889,123891,123893],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,123876,326],{"class":145},[94,123878,149],{"class":108},[94,123880,1817],{"class":152},[94,123882,168],{"class":108},[94,123884,41590],{"class":152},[94,123886,149],{"class":108},[94,123888,332],{"class":331},[94,123890,6917],{"class":335},[94,123892,332],{"class":331},[94,123894,921],{"class":108},[24,123896,371],{},[85,123898,123899],{"className":87,"code":17385,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,123900,123901],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,123902,123903],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,123904,17385],{"class":112},[24,123906,123907,123908,123911,123912,123914],{},"The uppercase ",[15,123909,123910],{},"\"One\""," is not counted because ",[15,123913,57614],{}," is case-sensitive.",[80,123916,1484,123917,1139,123919],{"id":65730},[15,123918,36400],{},[15,123920,52990],{},[24,123922,123923],{},"You can limit the search to only part of the string.",[85,123925,123927],{"className":87,"code":123926,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2))\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2, 5))\n",[15,123928,123929,123941,123967],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,123930,123931,123933,123935,123937,123939],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,123932,1803],{"class":100},[94,123934,105],{"class":104},[94,123936,1040],{"class":331},[94,123938,4432],{"class":335},[94,123940,1812],{"class":331},[94,123942,123943,123945,123947,123949,123951,123953,123955,123957,123959,123961,123963,123965],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,123944,326],{"class":145},[94,123946,149],{"class":108},[94,123948,1817],{"class":152},[94,123950,168],{"class":108},[94,123952,41590],{"class":152},[94,123954,149],{"class":108},[94,123956,332],{"class":331},[94,123958,434],{"class":335},[94,123960,332],{"class":331},[94,123962,116],{"class":108},[94,123964,124],{"class":112},[94,123966,921],{"class":108},[94,123968,123969,123971,123973,123975,123977,123979,123981,123983,123985,123987,123989,123991,123993,123995],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,123970,326],{"class":145},[94,123972,149],{"class":108},[94,123974,1817],{"class":152},[94,123976,168],{"class":108},[94,123978,41590],{"class":152},[94,123980,149],{"class":108},[94,123982,332],{"class":331},[94,123984,434],{"class":335},[94,123986,332],{"class":331},[94,123988,116],{"class":108},[94,123990,124],{"class":112},[94,123992,116],{"class":108},[94,123994,772],{"class":112},[94,123996,921],{"class":108},[24,123998,371],{},[85,124000,124002],{"className":87,"code":124001,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"2\n1\n",[15,124003,124004,124008],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,124005,124006],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,124007,17385],{"class":112},[94,124009,124010],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,124011,47248],{"class":112},[265,124013,124015],{"id":124014},"how-this-works","How this works",[24,124017,124018,124019,384],{},"In ",[15,124020,65598],{},[28,124022,124023,124031,124039],{},[31,124024,71289,124025,124027,124028],{},[15,124026,763],{}," starts at the first ",[15,124029,124030],{},"\"n\"",[31,124032,124033,124036,124037,76355],{},[15,124034,124035],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2)"," counts from index ",[15,124038,763],{},[31,124040,124041,124036,124044,124046,124047],{},[15,124042,124043],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2, 5)",[15,124045,763],{}," up to, but not including, index ",[15,124048,615],{},[24,124050,124051],{},"This is similar to slicing:",[85,124053,124055],{"className":87,"code":124054,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text[2:5])\n",[15,124056,124057,124069],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,124058,124059,124061,124063,124065,124067],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,124060,1803],{"class":100},[94,124062,105],{"class":104},[94,124064,1040],{"class":331},[94,124066,4432],{"class":335},[94,124068,1812],{"class":331},[94,124070,124071,124073,124075,124077,124079,124081,124083,124085],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,124072,326],{"class":145},[94,124074,149],{"class":108},[94,124076,1817],{"class":152},[94,124078,539],{"class":108},[94,124080,763],{"class":112},[94,124082,384],{"class":108},[94,124084,615],{"class":112},[94,124086,4234],{"class":108},[24,124088,371],{},[85,124090,124091],{"className":87,"code":41799,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,124092,124093],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,124094,124095],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,124096,41799],{"class":100},[24,124098,124099],{},"Only that section is searched.",[80,124101,124103],{"id":124102},"case-sensitivity","Case sensitivity",[24,124105,124106,123914],{},[15,124107,57614],{},[24,124109,2463],{},[28,124111,124112,124120],{},[31,124113,124114,1139,124116,124119],{},[15,124115,18426],{},[15,124117,124118],{},"\"A\""," are different",[31,124121,124122,1139,124124,124119],{},[15,124123,64858],{},[15,124125,90719],{},[24,124127,2566],{},[85,124129,124131],{"className":87,"code":124130,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,124132,124133,124146],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,124134,124135,124137,124139,124141,124144],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,124136,1803],{"class":100},[94,124138,105],{"class":104},[94,124140,1040],{"class":331},[94,124142,124143],{"class":335},"Apple apple APPLE",[94,124145,1812],{"class":331},[94,124147,124148,124150,124152,124154,124156,124158,124160,124162,124164,124166],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,124149,326],{"class":145},[94,124151,149],{"class":108},[94,124153,1817],{"class":152},[94,124155,168],{"class":108},[94,124157,41590],{"class":152},[94,124159,149],{"class":108},[94,124161,332],{"class":331},[94,124163,1332],{"class":335},[94,124165,332],{"class":331},[94,124167,921],{"class":108},[24,124169,371],{},[85,124171,124172],{"className":87,"code":47248,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,124173,124174],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,124175,124176],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,124177,47248],{"class":112},[24,124179,124180,124181,384],{},"If you want case-insensitive counting, convert the string first with ",[434,124182,124184],{"href":124183},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method\u002F",[15,124185,124186],{},"lower()",[85,124188,124190],{"className":87,"code":124189,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,124191,124192,124204],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,124193,124194,124196,124198,124200,124202],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,124195,1803],{"class":100},[94,124197,105],{"class":104},[94,124199,1040],{"class":331},[94,124201,124143],{"class":335},[94,124203,1812],{"class":331},[94,124205,124206,124208,124210,124212,124214,124216,124218,124220,124222,124224,124226,124228],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,124207,326],{"class":145},[94,124209,149],{"class":108},[94,124211,1817],{"class":152},[94,124213,168],{"class":108},[94,124215,1378],{"class":152},[94,124217,8971],{"class":108},[94,124219,41590],{"class":152},[94,124221,149],{"class":108},[94,124223,332],{"class":331},[94,124225,1332],{"class":335},[94,124227,332],{"class":331},[94,124229,921],{"class":108},[24,124231,371],{},[85,124233,124234],{"className":87,"code":46948,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,124235,124236],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,124237,124238],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,124239,46948],{"class":112},[80,124241,3186],{"id":3185},[24,124243,23426,124244,168],{},[15,124245,57614],{},[265,124247,8786,124249,124251],{"id":124248},"expecting-count-to-ignore-case-automatically",[15,124250,57614],{}," to ignore case automatically",[24,124253,124254],{},"This will not count uppercase and lowercase as the same:",[85,124256,124258],{"className":87,"code":124257,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124259,124260,124273],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,124261,124262,124264,124266,124268,124271],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,124263,1803],{"class":100},[94,124265,105],{"class":104},[94,124267,1040],{"class":331},[94,124269,124270],{"class":335},"Aardvark",[94,124272,1812],{"class":331},[94,124274,124275,124277,124279,124281,124283,124285,124287,124289,124291,124293],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,124276,326],{"class":145},[94,124278,149],{"class":108},[94,124280,1817],{"class":152},[94,124282,168],{"class":108},[94,124284,41590],{"class":152},[94,124286,149],{"class":108},[94,124288,332],{"class":331},[94,124290,434],{"class":335},[94,124292,332],{"class":331},[94,124294,921],{"class":108},[24,124296,371],{},[85,124298,124299],{"className":87,"code":17385,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,124300,124301],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,124302,124303],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,124304,17385],{"class":112},[24,124306,123907,124307,124309],{},[15,124308,124118],{}," at the start is not counted.",[24,124311,124312],{},"If needed, convert first:",[85,124314,124316],{"className":87,"code":124315,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124317,124318,124330],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,124319,124320,124322,124324,124326,124328],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,124321,1803],{"class":100},[94,124323,105],{"class":104},[94,124325,1040],{"class":331},[94,124327,124270],{"class":335},[94,124329,1812],{"class":331},[94,124331,124332,124334,124336,124338,124340,124342,124344,124346,124348,124350,124352,124354],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,124333,326],{"class":145},[94,124335,149],{"class":108},[94,124337,1817],{"class":152},[94,124339,168],{"class":108},[94,124341,1378],{"class":152},[94,124343,8971],{"class":108},[94,124345,41590],{"class":152},[94,124347,149],{"class":108},[94,124349,332],{"class":331},[94,124351,434],{"class":335},[94,124353,332],{"class":331},[94,124355,921],{"class":108},[265,124357,124359],{"id":124358},"forgetting-quotes-around-the-substring","Forgetting quotes around the substring",[24,124361,124362],{},"This causes an error if the variable does not exist:",[85,124364,124366],{"className":87,"code":124365,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(a))\n",[15,124367,124368,124380],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,124369,124370,124372,124374,124376,124378],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,124371,1803],{"class":100},[94,124373,105],{"class":104},[94,124375,1040],{"class":331},[94,124377,4432],{"class":335},[94,124379,1812],{"class":331},[94,124381,124382,124384,124386,124388,124390,124392,124394,124396],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,124383,326],{"class":145},[94,124385,149],{"class":108},[94,124387,1817],{"class":152},[94,124389,168],{"class":108},[94,124391,41590],{"class":152},[94,124393,149],{"class":108},[94,124395,434],{"class":152},[94,124397,921],{"class":108},[24,124399,124400,124401,168],{},"Python tries to find a variable named ",[15,124402,434],{},[24,124404,1727],{},[85,124406,124408],{"className":87,"code":124407,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124409,124410,124422],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,124411,124412,124414,124416,124418,124420],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,124413,1803],{"class":100},[94,124415,105],{"class":104},[94,124417,1040],{"class":331},[94,124419,4432],{"class":335},[94,124421,1812],{"class":331},[94,124423,124424,124426,124428,124430,124432,124434,124436,124438,124440,124442],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,124425,326],{"class":145},[94,124427,149],{"class":108},[94,124429,1817],{"class":152},[94,124431,168],{"class":108},[94,124433,41590],{"class":152},[94,124435,149],{"class":108},[94,124437,332],{"class":331},[94,124439,434],{"class":335},[94,124441,332],{"class":331},[94,124443,921],{"class":108},[265,124445,37533,124447,9037,124449,2167,124452],{"id":124446},"confusing-count-with-find-or-index",[15,124448,57614],{},[15,124450,124451],{},"find()",[15,124453,59292],{},[24,124455,54,124456,124458,124459,168],{},[15,124457,57614],{}," when you need the ",[43,124460,124461],{},"number of matches",[24,124463,54,124464,124458,124469,124471],{},[434,124465,124467],{"href":124466},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method\u002F",[15,124468,124451],{},[43,124470,65270],{}," of the first match.",[24,124473,54,124474,124479],{},[434,124475,124477],{"href":124476},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method\u002F",[15,124478,59292],{}," when you also need the position, but want an error if the text is not found.",[265,124481,124483],{"id":124482},"assuming-it-counts-overlapping-matches","Assuming it counts overlapping matches",[24,124485,124486,124488],{},[15,124487,57614],{}," counts non-overlapping matches only.",[24,124490,2566],{},[85,124492,124494],{"className":87,"code":124493,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"aaaa\"\nprint(text.count(\"aa\"))\n",[15,124495,124496,124509],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,124497,124498,124500,124502,124504,124507],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,124499,1803],{"class":100},[94,124501,105],{"class":104},[94,124503,1040],{"class":331},[94,124505,124506],{"class":335},"aaaa",[94,124508,1812],{"class":331},[94,124510,124511,124513,124515,124517,124519,124521,124523,124525,124528,124530],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,124512,326],{"class":145},[94,124514,149],{"class":108},[94,124516,1817],{"class":152},[94,124518,168],{"class":108},[94,124520,41590],{"class":152},[94,124522,149],{"class":108},[94,124524,332],{"class":331},[94,124526,124527],{"class":335},"aa",[94,124529,332],{"class":331},[94,124531,921],{"class":108},[24,124533,371],{},[85,124535,124536],{"className":87,"code":17385,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,124537,124538],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,124539,124540],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,124541,17385],{"class":112},[24,124543,124544,124545,168],{},"It does not return ",[15,124546,113],{},[24,124548,124549],{},"Why not?",[24,124551,124552],{},"Because Python counts these matches:",[28,124554,124555,124564],{},[31,124556,124557,124560,124561],{},[15,124558,124559],{},"\"aa\""," at positions ",[15,124562,124563],{},"0-1",[31,124565,124566,124560,124568],{},[15,124567,124559],{},[15,124569,124570],{},"2-3",[24,124572,124573,124574,168],{},"It does not count overlapping matches like positions ",[15,124575,124576],{},"1-2",[80,124578,815,124579],{"id":58697},[15,124580,57614],{},[24,124582,54,124583,124585],{},[15,124584,57614],{}," when you need the number of matches in a string.",[24,124587,124588],{},"Choose the right tool for the job:",[28,124590,124591,124600,124610,124620],{},[31,124592,54,124593,124595,124596,124599],{},[15,124594,57614],{}," when you need ",[43,124597,124598],{},"how many times"," something appears",[31,124601,54,124602,124595,124606,124609],{},[434,124603,124604],{"href":124466},[15,124605,124451],{},[43,124607,124608],{},"where"," it appears",[31,124611,48142,124612,124616,124617],{},[434,124613,124614,101901],{"href":123711},[15,124615,4228],{}," when you only need to know ",[43,124618,124619],{},"if it exists",[31,124621,54,124622,124628],{},[434,124623,124625],{"href":124624},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-replace-text-in-a-string-in-python\u002F",[15,124626,124627],{},"replace()"," when you want to change matching text",[80,124630,26274],{"id":26273},[24,124632,9208,124633,124635],{},[15,124634,57614],{}," is not giving the result you expect, check these things:",[85,124637,124639],{"className":87,"code":124638,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,124640,124641,124651,124665,124687,124713],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,124642,124643,124645,124647,124649],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,124644,326],{"class":145},[94,124646,149],{"class":108},[94,124648,1817],{"class":152},[94,124650,316],{"class":108},[94,124652,124653,124655,124657,124659,124661,124663],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,124654,326],{"class":145},[94,124656,149],{"class":108},[94,124658,914],{"class":913},[94,124660,149],{"class":108},[94,124662,1817],{"class":152},[94,124664,921],{"class":108},[94,124666,124667,124669,124671,124673,124675,124677,124679,124681,124683,124685],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,124668,326],{"class":145},[94,124670,149],{"class":108},[94,124672,1817],{"class":152},[94,124674,168],{"class":108},[94,124676,41590],{"class":152},[94,124678,149],{"class":108},[94,124680,332],{"class":331},[94,124682,434],{"class":335},[94,124684,332],{"class":331},[94,124686,921],{"class":108},[94,124688,124689,124691,124693,124695,124697,124699,124701,124703,124705,124707,124709,124711],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,124690,326],{"class":145},[94,124692,149],{"class":108},[94,124694,1817],{"class":152},[94,124696,168],{"class":108},[94,124698,1378],{"class":152},[94,124700,8971],{"class":108},[94,124702,41590],{"class":152},[94,124704,149],{"class":108},[94,124706,332],{"class":331},[94,124708,434],{"class":335},[94,124710,332],{"class":331},[94,124712,921],{"class":108},[94,124714,124715,124717,124719,124721,124723,124725,124727,124729,124731,124733],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,124716,326],{"class":145},[94,124718,149],{"class":108},[94,124720,1817],{"class":152},[94,124722,168],{"class":108},[94,124724,41590],{"class":152},[94,124726,149],{"class":108},[94,124728,332],{"class":331},[94,124730,123549],{"class":335},[94,124732,332],{"class":331},[94,124734,921],{"class":108},[24,124736,124737],{},"These checks can help you find problems such as:",[28,124739,124740,124743,124748,124751],{},[31,124741,124742],{},"the string using different uppercase and lowercase letters",[31,124744,124745,124747],{},[15,124746,1817],{}," not being a string",[31,124749,124750],{},"counting the wrong substring",[31,124752,124753],{},"expecting overlapping matches",[24,124755,59186],{},[28,124757,124758,124761,124764,124767],{},[31,124759,124760],{},"trying to count text with different letter case",[31,124762,124763],{},"passing a variable name that was not defined",[31,124765,124766],{},"expecting overlapping matches to be counted",[31,124768,50823,124769,44961,124771,2167,124773,73635],{},[15,124770,57614],{},[15,124772,124451],{},[15,124774,4228],{},[80,124776,2160],{"id":2159},[265,124778,124780,124781,124783],{"id":124779},"does-string-count-change-the-original-string","Does string ",[15,124782,57614],{}," change the original string?",[24,124785,124786],{},"No. It only returns a number. The original string stays the same.",[265,124788,15230,124790,124792],{"id":124789},"is-count-case-sensitive",[15,124791,57614],{}," case-sensitive?",[24,124794,124795],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are counted separately.",[265,124797,5479,124799,124801],{"id":124798},"what-does-count-return-if-nothing-is-found",[15,124800,57614],{}," return if nothing is found?",[24,124803,5485,124804,168],{},[15,124805,2476],{},[265,124807,2191,124809,124811],{"id":124808},"can-count-count-words-instead-of-letters",[15,124810,57614],{}," count words instead of letters?",[24,124813,124814],{},"Yes. It can count any substring, including full words.",[265,124816,13029,124818,124820],{"id":124817},"does-count-count-overlapping-matches",[15,124819,57614],{}," count overlapping matches?",[24,124822,124823],{},"No. It counts non-overlapping matches only.",[80,124825,2232],{"id":2231},[28,124827,124828,124835,124842,124849,124856],{},[31,124829,124830],{},[434,124831,124832],{"href":124466},[15,124833,124834],{},"Python string find() method",[31,124836,124837],{},[434,124838,124839],{"href":124476},[15,124840,124841],{},"Python string index() method",[31,124843,124844],{},[434,124845,124846],{"href":124183},[15,124847,124848],{},"Python string lower() method",[31,124850,124851],{},[434,124852,124853],{"href":123711},[15,124854,124855],{},"How to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[31,124857,124858],{},[434,124859,124860],{"href":124624},[15,124861,124862],{},"How to replace text in a string in Python",[2260,124864,124865],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":90,"searchDepth":130,"depth":130,"links":124867},[124868,124869,124871,124874,124875,124876,124877,124880,124881,124889,124890,124891,124903],{"id":2360,"depth":130,"text":2361},{"id":123577,"depth":130,"text":124870},"What the count() method does",{"id":2513,"depth":130,"text":2514,"children":124872},[124873],{"id":17723,"depth":137,"text":17724},{"id":17747,"depth":130,"text":17748},{"id":11804,"depth":130,"text":11805},{"id":123793,"depth":130,"text":123794},{"id":65730,"depth":130,"text":66513,"children":124878},[124879],{"id":124014,"depth":137,"text":124015},{"id":124102,"depth":130,"text":124103},{"id":3185,"depth":130,"text":3186,"children":124882},[124883,124885,124886,124888],{"id":124248,"depth":137,"text":124884},"Expecting count() to ignore case automatically",{"id":124358,"depth":137,"text":124359},{"id":124446,"depth":137,"text":124887},"Confusing count() with find() or index()",{"id":124482,"depth":137,"text":124483},{"id":58697,"depth":130,"text":59328},{"id":26273,"depth":130,"text":26274},{"id":2159,"depth":130,"text":2160,"children":124892},[124893,124895,124897,124899,124901],{"id":124779,"depth":137,"text":124894},"Does string count() change the original string?",{"id":124789,"depth":137,"text":124896},"Is count() case-sensitive?",{"id":124798,"depth":137,"text":124898},"What does count() return if nothing is found?",{"id":124808,"depth":137,"text":124900},"Can count() count words instead of letters?",{"id":124817,"depth":137,"text":124902},"Does count() count overlapping matches?",{"id":2231,"depth":130,"text":2232},"Master python string count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method",{"title":123450,"description":124904},"reference\u002Fpython-string-count-method","xCR9DWe-YanJ6UFYPr-2k6HicXjYCslaXeN-KYxccGE",{"id":124911,"title":124912,"body":124913,"description":126498,"extension":2319,"meta":126499,"navigation":133,"path":126500,"seo":126501,"stem":126502,"__hash__":126503},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string.md","Python String: Creating a String",{"type":7,"value":124914,"toc":126471},[124915,124918,124921,125018,125027,125029,125048,125052,125055,125058,125071,125074,125103,125108,125113,125171,125173,125206,125212,125216,125219,125222,125251,125254,125281,125284,125287,125291,125294,125301,125364,125366,125384,125387,125391,125394,125397,125439,125442,125486,125489,125492,125496,125501,125504,125547,125549,125572,125575,125608,125611,125660,125670,125674,125677,125680,125709,125712,125723,125725,125784,125787,125791,125794,125797,125812,125821,125824,125858,125861,125888,125891,125898,125900,125903,125905,125908,125922,125931,125933,125960,125964,125967,125981,125984,126043,126047,126050,126077,126080,126107,126115,126118,126178,126180,126213,126217,126220,126239,126244,126293,126298,126300,126303,126362,126380,126382,126386,126394,126398,126401,126405,126411,126415,126425,126429,126432,126434,126468],[10,124916,124912],{"id":124917},"python-string-creating-a-string",[24,124919,124920],{},"Learn the basic ways to create strings in Python. This page focuses only on making string values, not changing or processing them.",[85,124922,124924],{"className":87,"code":124923,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"name = \"Alice\"\nmessage = 'Hello'\nempty = \"\"\ntext = str(123)\n\nprint(name)\nprint(message)\nprint(empty)\nprint(text)\n",[15,124925,124926,124938,124950,124959,124973,124977,124987,124997,125008],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,124927,124928,124930,124932,124934,124936],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,124929,8211],{"class":100},[94,124931,105],{"class":104},[94,124933,1040],{"class":331},[94,124935,1043],{"class":335},[94,124937,1812],{"class":331},[94,124939,124940,124942,124944,124946,124948],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,124941,90308],{"class":100},[94,124943,105],{"class":104},[94,124945,962],{"class":331},[94,124947,35196],{"class":335},[94,124949,30030],{"class":331},[94,124951,124952,124955,124957],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,124953,124954],{"class":100},"empty ",[94,124956,105],{"class":104},[94,124958,8216],{"class":331},[94,124960,124961,124963,124965,124967,124969,124971],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,124962,1803],{"class":100},[94,124964,105],{"class":104},[94,124966,49236],{"class":913},[94,124968,149],{"class":108},[94,124970,50577],{"class":112},[94,124972,316],{"class":108},[94,124974,124975],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,124976,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,124978,124979,124981,124983,124985],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,124980,326],{"class":145},[94,124982,149],{"class":108},[94,124984,8001],{"class":152},[94,124986,316],{"class":108},[94,124988,124989,124991,124993,124995],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,124990,326],{"class":145},[94,124992,149],{"class":108},[94,124994,90325],{"class":152},[94,124996,316],{"class":108},[94,124998,124999,125001,125003,125006],{"class":96,"line":702},[94,125000,326],{"class":145},[94,125002,149],{"class":108},[94,125004,125005],{"class":152},"empty",[94,125007,316],{"class":108},[94,125009,125010,125012,125014,125016],{"class":96,"line":6763},[94,125011,326],{"class":145},[94,125013,149],{"class":108},[94,125015,1817],{"class":152},[94,125017,316],{"class":108},[24,125019,125020,125023,125024,125026],{},[43,125021,125022],{},"Note:"," Use single quotes, double quotes, or ",[15,125025,48015],{}," to create a string. Triple quotes are useful for multi-line text.",[80,125028,15490],{"id":15489},[28,125030,125031,125034,125037,125040,125045],{},[31,125032,125033],{},"What a string is in Python",[31,125035,125036],{},"How to create a string with quotes",[31,125038,125039],{},"How to create an empty string",[31,125041,125042,125043],{},"How to convert other values to strings with ",[15,125044,48015],{},[31,125046,125047],{},"When to use single, double, or triple quotes",[80,125049,125051],{"id":125050},"what-a-string-is","What a string is",[24,125053,125054],{},"A string is text data in Python.",[24,125056,125057],{},"Strings can contain:",[28,125059,125060,125063,125065,125068],{},[31,125061,125062],{},"Letters",[31,125064,56786],{},[31,125066,125067],{},"Spaces",[31,125069,125070],{},"Symbols",[24,125072,125073],{},"Examples of strings:",[85,125075,125077],{"className":87,"code":125076,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"\"hello\"\n\"123\"\n\"Python is fun\"\n",[15,125078,125079,125087,125095],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,125080,125081,125083,125085],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,125082,332],{"class":43659},[94,125084,4190],{"class":43663},[94,125086,1812],{"class":43659},[94,125088,125089,125091,125093],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,125090,332],{"class":43659},[94,125092,50577],{"class":43663},[94,125094,1812],{"class":43659},[94,125096,125097,125099,125101],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,125098,332],{"class":43659},[94,125100,89451],{"class":43663},[94,125102,1812],{"class":43659},[24,125104,21309,125105,125107],{},[15,125106,50627],{}," looks like a number, it is a string because it is inside quotes.",[24,125109,125110,125111,384],{},"You can check the type with ",[15,125112,2659],{},[85,125114,125116],{"className":87,"code":125115,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = 123\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,125117,125118,125130,125139,125143,125157],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,125119,125120,125122,125124,125126,125128],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,125121,1803],{"class":100},[94,125123,105],{"class":104},[94,125125,1040],{"class":331},[94,125127,50577],{"class":335},[94,125129,1812],{"class":331},[94,125131,125132,125134,125136],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,125133,2576],{"class":100},[94,125135,105],{"class":104},[94,125137,125138],{"class":112}," 123\n",[94,125140,125141],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,125142,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,125144,125145,125147,125149,125151,125153,125155],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,125146,326],{"class":145},[94,125148,149],{"class":108},[94,125150,914],{"class":913},[94,125152,149],{"class":108},[94,125154,1817],{"class":152},[94,125156,921],{"class":108},[94,125158,125159,125161,125163,125165,125167,125169],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,125160,326],{"class":145},[94,125162,149],{"class":108},[94,125164,914],{"class":913},[94,125166,149],{"class":108},[94,125168,2598],{"class":152},[94,125170,921],{"class":108},[24,125172,371],{},[85,125174,125176],{"className":87,"code":125175,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,125177,125178,125192],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,125179,125180,125182,125184,125186,125188,125190],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,125181,955],{"class":104},[94,125183,959],{"class":958},[94,125185,962],{"class":331},[94,125187,1372],{"class":335},[94,125189,968],{"class":331},[94,125191,971],{"class":104},[94,125193,125194,125196,125198,125200,125202,125204],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,125195,955],{"class":104},[94,125197,959],{"class":958},[94,125199,962],{"class":331},[94,125201,2546],{"class":335},[94,125203,968],{"class":331},[94,125205,971],{"class":104},[24,125207,125208,125209,168],{},"If you are new to strings, see ",[434,125210,125211],{"href":51306},"Python strings explained: basics and examples",[80,125213,125215],{"id":125214},"create-a-string-with-quotes","Create a string with quotes",[24,125217,125218],{},"The most common way to create a string is to put text inside quotes.",[24,125220,125221],{},"You can use single quotes:",[85,125223,125225],{"className":87,"code":125224,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"greeting = 'hello'\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,125226,125227,125240],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,125228,125229,125232,125234,125236,125238],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,125230,125231],{"class":100},"greeting ",[94,125233,105],{"class":104},[94,125235,962],{"class":331},[94,125237,4190],{"class":335},[94,125239,30030],{"class":331},[94,125241,125242,125244,125246,125249],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,125243,326],{"class":145},[94,125245,149],{"class":108},[94,125247,125248],{"class":152},"greeting",[94,125250,316],{"class":108},[24,125252,125253],{},"Or double quotes:",[85,125255,125257],{"className":87,"code":125256,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"greeting = \"hello\"\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,125258,125259,125271],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,125260,125261,125263,125265,125267,125269],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,125262,125231],{"class":100},[94,125264,105],{"class":104},[94,125266,1040],{"class":331},[94,125268,4190],{"class":335},[94,125270,1812],{"class":331},[94,125272,125273,125275,125277,125279],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,125274,326],{"class":145},[94,125276,149],{"class":108},[94,125278,125248],{"class":152},[94,125280,316],{"class":108},[24,125282,125283],{},"Both create a string. In most cases, there is no difference.",[24,125285,125286],{},"Choose the style that makes your text easier to write.",[80,125288,125290],{"id":125289},"create-an-empty-string","Create an empty string",[24,125292,125293],{},"An empty string is a string with no characters in it.",[24,125295,125296,125297,2167,125299,384],{},"Use either ",[15,125298,6604],{},[15,125300,4118],{},[85,125302,125304],{"className":87,"code":125303,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"empty1 = \"\"\nempty2 = ''\n\nprint(empty1)\nprint(empty2)\nprint(type(empty1))\n",[15,125305,125306,125315,125324,125328,125339,125350],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,125307,125308,125311,125313],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,125309,125310],{"class":100},"empty1 ",[94,125312,105],{"class":104},[94,125314,8216],{"class":331},[94,125316,125317,125320,125322],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,125318,125319],{"class":100},"empty2 ",[94,125321,105],{"class":104},[94,125323,47827],{"class":331},[94,125325,125326],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,125327,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,125329,125330,125332,125334,125337],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,125331,326],{"class":145},[94,125333,149],{"class":108},[94,125335,125336],{"class":152},"empty1",[94,125338,316],{"class":108},[94,125340,125341,125343,125345,125348],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,125342,326],{"class":145},[94,125344,149],{"class":108},[94,125346,125347],{"class":152},"empty2",[94,125349,316],{"class":108},[94,125351,125352,125354,125356,125358,125360,125362],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,125353,326],{"class":145},[94,125355,149],{"class":108},[94,125357,914],{"class":913},[94,125359,149],{"class":108},[94,125361,125336],{"class":152},[94,125363,921],{"class":108},[24,125365,371],{},[85,125367,125368],{"className":87,"code":46102,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,125369,125370],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,125371,125372,125374,125376,125378,125380,125382],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,125373,955],{"class":104},[94,125375,959],{"class":958},[94,125377,962],{"class":331},[94,125379,1372],{"class":335},[94,125381,968],{"class":331},[94,125383,971],{"class":104},[24,125385,125386],{},"An empty string is often used as a starting value before adding text later.",[80,125388,125390],{"id":125389},"create-a-multi-line-string","Create a multi-line string",[24,125392,125393],{},"Use triple quotes when you want text to span more than one line.",[24,125395,125396],{},"You can use triple double quotes:",[85,125398,125400],{"className":87,"code":125399,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"message = \"\"\"Hello\nWelcome to Python\nHave a nice day\"\"\"\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125401,125402,125413,125418,125425,125429],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,125403,125404,125406,125408,125411],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,125405,90308],{"class":100},[94,125407,105],{"class":104},[94,125409,125410],{"class":331}," \"\"\"",[94,125412,89251],{"class":335},[94,125414,125415],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,125416,125417],{"class":335},"Welcome to Python\n",[94,125419,125420,125423],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,125421,125422],{"class":335},"Have a nice day",[94,125424,43667],{"class":331},[94,125426,125427],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,125428,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,125430,125431,125433,125435,125437],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,125432,326],{"class":145},[94,125434,149],{"class":108},[94,125436,90325],{"class":152},[94,125438,316],{"class":108},[24,125440,125441],{},"Or triple single quotes:",[85,125443,125445],{"className":87,"code":125444,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"message = '''Line 1\nLine 2\nLine 3'''\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125446,125447,125459,125464,125472,125476],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,125448,125449,125451,125453,125456],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,125450,90308],{"class":100},[94,125452,105],{"class":104},[94,125454,125455],{"class":331}," '''",[94,125457,125458],{"class":335},"Line 1\n",[94,125460,125461],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,125462,125463],{"class":335},"Line 2\n",[94,125465,125466,125469],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,125467,125468],{"class":335},"Line 3",[94,125470,125471],{"class":331},"'''\n",[94,125473,125474],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,125475,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,125477,125478,125480,125482,125484],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,125479,326],{"class":145},[94,125481,149],{"class":108},[94,125483,90325],{"class":152},[94,125485,316],{"class":108},[24,125487,125488],{},"Python keeps the line breaks inside the string.",[24,125490,125491],{},"Use triple quotes when you really need multiple lines. For normal one-line text, single or double quotes are usually clearer.",[80,125493,125495],{"id":125494},"convert-values-to-strings-with-str","Convert values to strings with str()",[24,125497,2336,125498,125500],{},[15,125499,48015],{}," function converts other values into strings.",[24,125502,125503],{},"Example with a number:",[85,125505,125507],{"className":87,"code":125506,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = str(42)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,125508,125509,125523,125533],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,125510,125511,125513,125515,125517,125519,125521],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,125512,1803],{"class":100},[94,125514,105],{"class":104},[94,125516,49236],{"class":913},[94,125518,149],{"class":108},[94,125520,46857],{"class":112},[94,125522,316],{"class":108},[94,125524,125525,125527,125529,125531],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,125526,326],{"class":145},[94,125528,149],{"class":108},[94,125530,1817],{"class":152},[94,125532,316],{"class":108},[94,125534,125535,125537,125539,125541,125543,125545],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,125536,326],{"class":145},[94,125538,149],{"class":108},[94,125540,914],{"class":913},[94,125542,149],{"class":108},[94,125544,1817],{"class":152},[94,125546,921],{"class":108},[24,125548,371],{},[85,125550,125552],{"className":87,"code":125551,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,125553,125554,125558],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,125555,125556],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,125557,46943],{"class":112},[94,125559,125560,125562,125564,125566,125568,125570],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,125561,955],{"class":104},[94,125563,959],{"class":958},[94,125565,962],{"class":331},[94,125567,1372],{"class":335},[94,125569,968],{"class":331},[94,125571,971],{"class":104},[24,125573,125574],{},"You can also convert other values:",[85,125576,125578],{"className":87,"code":125577,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(str(True))\nprint(str(3.14))\n",[15,125579,125580,125594],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,125581,125582,125584,125586,125588,125590,125592],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,125583,326],{"class":145},[94,125585,149],{"class":108},[94,125587,1372],{"class":913},[94,125589,149],{"class":108},[94,125591,1225],{"class":1224},[94,125593,921],{"class":108},[94,125595,125596,125598,125600,125602,125604,125606],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,125597,326],{"class":145},[94,125599,149],{"class":108},[94,125601,1372],{"class":913},[94,125603,149],{"class":108},[94,125605,40473],{"class":112},[94,125607,921],{"class":108},[24,125609,125610],{},"This is useful when you need to combine text with other data.",[85,125612,125614],{"className":87,"code":125613,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"age = 25\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125615,125616,125624,125646,125650],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,125617,125618,125620,125622],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,125619,21959],{"class":100},[94,125621,105],{"class":104},[94,125623,45557],{"class":112},[94,125625,125626,125628,125630,125632,125634,125636,125638,125640,125642,125644],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,125627,90308],{"class":100},[94,125629,105],{"class":104},[94,125631,1040],{"class":331},[94,125633,89727],{"class":335},[94,125635,332],{"class":331},[94,125637,2811],{"class":104},[94,125639,49236],{"class":913},[94,125641,149],{"class":108},[94,125643,9631],{"class":152},[94,125645,316],{"class":108},[94,125647,125648],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,125649,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,125651,125652,125654,125656,125658],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,125653,326],{"class":145},[94,125655,149],{"class":108},[94,125657,90325],{"class":152},[94,125659,316],{"class":108},[24,125661,125662,125663,2167,125667,168],{},"If you want to learn this function in more detail, see ",[434,125664,13,125665,439],{"href":42505},[15,125666,48015],{},[434,125668,125669],{"href":123381},"how to convert int to string in Python",[80,125671,125673],{"id":125672},"single-quotes-vs-double-quotes","Single quotes vs double quotes",[24,125675,125676],{},"There is no major difference between single quotes and double quotes for normal strings.",[24,125678,125679],{},"Both of these are valid:",[85,125681,125683],{"className":87,"code":125682,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"a = 'Python'\nb = \"Python\"\n",[15,125684,125685,125697],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,125686,125687,125689,125691,125693,125695],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,125688,635],{"class":100},[94,125690,105],{"class":104},[94,125692,962],{"class":331},[94,125694,7630],{"class":335},[94,125696,30030],{"class":331},[94,125698,125699,125701,125703,125705,125707],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,125700,2937],{"class":100},[94,125702,105],{"class":104},[94,125704,1040],{"class":331},[94,125706,7630],{"class":335},[94,125708,1812],{"class":331},[24,125710,125711],{},"A common rule is:",[28,125713,125714,125717,125720],{},[31,125715,125716],{},"Use double quotes if the text contains a single quote",[31,125718,125719],{},"Use single quotes if the text contains double quotes",[31,125721,125722],{},"Pick one style and stay consistent",[24,125724,2566],{},[85,125726,125728],{"className":87,"code":125727,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text1 = \"It's working\"\ntext2 = 'She said \"hello\"'\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,125729,125730,125744,125758,125762,125773],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,125731,125732,125735,125737,125739,125742],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,125733,125734],{"class":100},"text1 ",[94,125736,105],{"class":104},[94,125738,1040],{"class":331},[94,125740,125741],{"class":335},"It's working",[94,125743,1812],{"class":331},[94,125745,125746,125749,125751,125753,125756],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,125747,125748],{"class":100},"text2 ",[94,125750,105],{"class":104},[94,125752,962],{"class":331},[94,125754,125755],{"class":335},"She said \"hello\"",[94,125757,30030],{"class":331},[94,125759,125760],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,125761,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,125763,125764,125766,125768,125771],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,125765,326],{"class":145},[94,125767,149],{"class":108},[94,125769,125770],{"class":152},"text1",[94,125772,316],{"class":108},[94,125774,125775,125777,125779,125782],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,125776,326],{"class":145},[94,125778,149],{"class":108},[94,125780,125781],{"class":152},"text2",[94,125783,316],{"class":108},[24,125785,125786],{},"This helps you avoid unnecessary escaping.",[80,125788,125790],{"id":125789},"escaping-quote-characters","Escaping quote characters",[24,125792,125793],{},"A quote character can end a string too early if it matches the quote used to start the string.",[24,125795,125796],{},"For example, this causes a problem:",[85,125798,125800],{"className":87,"code":125799,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's working'\n",[15,125801,125802,125807],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,125803,125804],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,125805,125806],{"class":159},"# This will cause an error\n",[94,125808,125809],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,125810,125811],{"class":159},"# text = 'It's working'\n",[24,125813,125814,125815,35657,125817,125820],{},"Python sees the second ",[15,125816,968],{},[15,125818,125819],{},"It's"," as the end of the string.",[24,125822,125823],{},"To fix this, use a backslash:",[85,125825,125827],{"className":87,"code":125826,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = 'It\\'s working'\nprint(text)\n",[15,125828,125829,125848],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,125830,125831,125833,125835,125837,125840,125843,125846],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,125832,1803],{"class":100},[94,125834,105],{"class":104},[94,125836,962],{"class":331},[94,125838,125839],{"class":335},"It",[94,125841,125842],{"class":34784},"\\'",[94,125844,125845],{"class":335},"s working",[94,125847,30030],{"class":331},[94,125849,125850,125852,125854,125856],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,125851,326],{"class":145},[94,125853,149],{"class":108},[94,125855,1817],{"class":152},[94,125857,316],{"class":108},[24,125859,125860],{},"You can also switch quote styles:",[85,125862,125864],{"className":87,"code":125863,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"It's working\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125865,125866,125878],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,125867,125868,125870,125872,125874,125876],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,125869,1803],{"class":100},[94,125871,105],{"class":104},[94,125873,1040],{"class":331},[94,125875,125741],{"class":335},[94,125877,1812],{"class":331},[94,125879,125880,125882,125884,125886],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,125881,326],{"class":145},[94,125883,149],{"class":108},[94,125885,1817],{"class":152},[94,125887,316],{"class":108},[24,125889,125890],{},"In many cases, switching quote styles is simpler than escaping.",[24,125892,125893,125894,168],{},"If you get a quote-related error, see ",[434,125895,125897],{"href":125896},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fsyntaxerror-eol-while-scanning-string-literal-fix\u002F","SyntaxError: EOL while scanning string literal",[80,125899,3186],{"id":3185},[24,125901,125902],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating strings.",[265,125904,90515],{"id":90514},[24,125906,125907],{},"If you write text without quotes, Python treats it like a variable name.",[85,125909,125911],{"className":87,"code":125910,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"# This will cause an error\n# name = Alice\n",[15,125912,125913,125917],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,125914,125915],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,125916,125806],{"class":159},[94,125918,125919],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,125920,125921],{"class":159},"# name = Alice\n",[24,125923,125924,125925,8935,125928,125930],{},"Python may raise a ",[15,125926,125927],{},"NameError",[15,125929,1043],{}," is not defined.",[24,125932,1727],{},[85,125934,125936],{"className":87,"code":125935,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(name)\n",[15,125937,125938,125950],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,125939,125940,125942,125944,125946,125948],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,125941,8211],{"class":100},[94,125943,105],{"class":104},[94,125945,1040],{"class":331},[94,125947,1043],{"class":335},[94,125949,1812],{"class":331},[94,125951,125952,125954,125956,125958],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,125953,326],{"class":145},[94,125955,149],{"class":108},[94,125957,8001],{"class":152},[94,125959,316],{"class":108},[265,125961,125963],{"id":125962},"mixing-quote-characters-incorrectly","Mixing quote characters incorrectly",[24,125965,125966],{},"This can break the string early and cause a syntax error.",[85,125968,125970],{"className":87,"code":125969,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's good'\n",[15,125971,125972,125976],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,125973,125974],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,125975,125806],{"class":159},[94,125977,125978],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,125979,125980],{"class":159},"# text = 'It's good'\n",[24,125982,125983],{},"Fix it by escaping the quote or changing quote styles:",[85,125985,125987],{"className":87,"code":125986,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text1 = 'It\\'s good'\ntext2 = \"It's good\"\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,125988,125989,126006,126019,126023,126033],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,125990,125991,125993,125995,125997,125999,126001,126004],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,125992,125734],{"class":100},[94,125994,105],{"class":104},[94,125996,962],{"class":331},[94,125998,125839],{"class":335},[94,126000,125842],{"class":34784},[94,126002,126003],{"class":335},"s good",[94,126005,30030],{"class":331},[94,126007,126008,126010,126012,126014,126017],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,126009,125748],{"class":100},[94,126011,105],{"class":104},[94,126013,1040],{"class":331},[94,126015,126016],{"class":335},"It's good",[94,126018,1812],{"class":331},[94,126020,126021],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,126022,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,126024,126025,126027,126029,126031],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,126026,326],{"class":145},[94,126028,149],{"class":108},[94,126030,125770],{"class":152},[94,126032,316],{"class":108},[94,126034,126035,126037,126039,126041],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,126036,326],{"class":145},[94,126038,149],{"class":108},[94,126040,125781],{"class":152},[94,126042,316],{"class":108},[265,126044,126046],{"id":126045},"using-triple-quotes-when-a-single-line-string-is-enough","Using triple quotes when a single-line string is enough",[24,126048,126049],{},"Triple quotes work, but they are usually best for multi-line text.",[85,126051,126053],{"className":87,"code":126052,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"\"\"hello\"\"\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,126054,126055,126067],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,126056,126057,126059,126061,126063,126065],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,126058,1803],{"class":100},[94,126060,105],{"class":104},[94,126062,125410],{"class":331},[94,126064,4190],{"class":335},[94,126066,43667],{"class":331},[94,126068,126069,126071,126073,126075],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,126070,326],{"class":145},[94,126072,149],{"class":108},[94,126074,1817],{"class":152},[94,126076,316],{"class":108},[24,126078,126079],{},"This is valid, but for one line, this is simpler:",[85,126081,126083],{"className":87,"code":126082,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,126084,126085,126097],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,126086,126087,126089,126091,126093,126095],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,126088,1803],{"class":100},[94,126090,105],{"class":104},[94,126092,1040],{"class":331},[94,126094,4190],{"class":335},[94,126096,1812],{"class":331},[94,126098,126099,126101,126103,126105],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,126100,326],{"class":145},[94,126102,149],{"class":108},[94,126104,1817],{"class":152},[94,126106,316],{"class":108},[265,126108,4923,126110,1139,126112,126114],{"id":126109},"assuming-123-and-123-are-the-same-type",[15,126111,50577],{},[15,126113,50627],{}," are the same type",[24,126116,126117],{},"They are different:",[85,126119,126121],{"className":87,"code":126120,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"value1 = 123\nvalue2 = \"123\"\n\nprint(type(value1))\nprint(type(value2))\n",[15,126122,126123,126132,126145,126149,126163],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,126124,126125,126128,126130],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,126126,126127],{"class":100},"value1 ",[94,126129,105],{"class":104},[94,126131,125138],{"class":112},[94,126133,126134,126137,126139,126141,126143],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,126135,126136],{"class":100},"value2 ",[94,126138,105],{"class":104},[94,126140,1040],{"class":331},[94,126142,50577],{"class":335},[94,126144,1812],{"class":331},[94,126146,126147],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,126148,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,126150,126151,126153,126155,126157,126159,126161],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,126152,326],{"class":145},[94,126154,149],{"class":108},[94,126156,914],{"class":913},[94,126158,149],{"class":108},[94,126160,85072],{"class":152},[94,126162,921],{"class":108},[94,126164,126165,126167,126169,126171,126173,126176],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,126166,326],{"class":145},[94,126168,149],{"class":108},[94,126170,914],{"class":913},[94,126172,149],{"class":108},[94,126174,126175],{"class":152},"value2",[94,126177,921],{"class":108},[24,126179,371],{},[85,126181,126183],{"className":87,"code":126182,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,126184,126185,126199],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,126186,126187,126189,126191,126193,126195,126197],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,126188,955],{"class":104},[94,126190,959],{"class":958},[94,126192,962],{"class":331},[94,126194,2546],{"class":335},[94,126196,968],{"class":331},[94,126198,971],{"class":104},[94,126200,126201,126203,126205,126207,126209,126211],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,126202,955],{"class":104},[94,126204,959],{"class":958},[94,126206,962],{"class":331},[94,126208,1372],{"class":335},[94,126210,968],{"class":331},[94,126212,971],{"class":104},[265,126214,126216],{"id":126215},"trying-to-join-text-and-numbers-without-converting-first","Trying to join text and numbers without converting first",[24,126218,126219],{},"This causes a type error:",[85,126221,126223],{"className":87,"code":126222,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"# This will cause an error\n# age = 10\n# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[15,126224,126225,126229,126234],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,126226,126227],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,126228,125806],{"class":159},[94,126230,126231],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,126232,126233],{"class":159},"# age = 10\n",[94,126235,126236],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,126237,126238],{"class":159},"# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[24,126240,126241,126242,384],{},"Fix it with ",[15,126243,48015],{},[85,126245,126247],{"className":87,"code":126246,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"age = 10\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,126248,126249,126257,126279,126283],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,126250,126251,126253,126255],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,126252,21959],{"class":100},[94,126254,105],{"class":104},[94,126256,2942],{"class":112},[94,126258,126259,126261,126263,126265,126267,126269,126271,126273,126275,126277],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,126260,90308],{"class":100},[94,126262,105],{"class":104},[94,126264,1040],{"class":331},[94,126266,89727],{"class":335},[94,126268,332],{"class":331},[94,126270,2811],{"class":104},[94,126272,49236],{"class":913},[94,126274,149],{"class":108},[94,126276,9631],{"class":152},[94,126278,316],{"class":108},[94,126280,126281],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,126282,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,126284,126285,126287,126289,126291],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,126286,326],{"class":145},[94,126288,149],{"class":108},[94,126290,90325],{"class":152},[94,126292,316],{"class":108},[24,126294,126295,126296,168],{},"For this specific error, see ",[434,126297,90707],{"href":90706},[265,126299,61035],{"id":61034},[24,126301,126302],{},"If you are not sure what value you created, these commands help:",[85,126304,126306],{"className":87,"code":126305,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(repr(text))\n",[15,126307,126308,126320,126324,126334,126348],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,126309,126310,126312,126314,126316,126318],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,126311,1803],{"class":100},[94,126313,105],{"class":104},[94,126315,1040],{"class":331},[94,126317,4190],{"class":335},[94,126319,1812],{"class":331},[94,126321,126322],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,126323,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,126325,126326,126328,126330,126332],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,126327,326],{"class":145},[94,126329,149],{"class":108},[94,126331,1817],{"class":152},[94,126333,316],{"class":108},[94,126335,126336,126338,126340,126342,126344,126346],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,126337,326],{"class":145},[94,126339,149],{"class":108},[94,126341,914],{"class":913},[94,126343,149],{"class":108},[94,126345,1817],{"class":152},[94,126347,921],{"class":108},[94,126349,126350,126352,126354,126356,126358,126360],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,126351,326],{"class":145},[94,126353,149],{"class":108},[94,126355,42110],{"class":145},[94,126357,149],{"class":108},[94,126359,1817],{"class":152},[94,126361,921],{"class":108},[28,126363,126364,126369,126374],{},[31,126365,126366,46610],{},[15,126367,126368],{},"print(text)",[31,126370,126371,46615],{},[15,126372,126373],{},"print(type(text))",[31,126375,126376,126379],{},[15,126377,126378],{},"print(repr(text))"," shows the exact string representation, which is helpful for spaces and escape characters",[80,126381,2160],{"id":2159},[265,126383,126385],{"id":126384},"how-do-i-create-a-string-in-python","How do I create a string in Python?",[24,126387,126388,126389,2167,126392,168],{},"Put text inside single quotes or double quotes, like ",[15,126390,126391],{},"'hello'",[15,126393,64858],{},[265,126395,126397],{"id":126396},"what-is-the-difference-between-single-and-double-quotes-in-python","What is the difference between single and double quotes in Python?",[24,126399,126400],{},"Usually none. They both create strings. Choose the one that avoids extra escaping.",[265,126402,126404],{"id":126403},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-string","How do I create an empty string?",[24,126406,54,126407,2167,126409,168],{},[15,126408,6604],{},[15,126410,4118],{},[265,126412,126414],{"id":126413},"how-do-i-turn-a-number-into-a-string","How do I turn a number into a string?",[24,126416,54,126417,126419,126420,126422,126423,168],{},[15,126418,48015],{},", like ",[15,126421,80685],{},", which returns ",[15,126424,42457],{},[265,126426,126428],{"id":126427},"how-do-i-write-a-string-on-multiple-lines","How do I write a string on multiple lines?",[24,126430,126431],{},"Use triple quotes so Python keeps the line breaks.",[80,126433,2232],{"id":2231},[28,126435,126436,126440,126446,126451,126460,126464],{},[31,126437,126438],{},[434,126439,125211],{"href":51306},[31,126441,126442],{},[434,126443,13,126444,439],{"href":42505},[15,126445,48015],{},[31,126447,126448],{},[434,126449,126450],{"href":123381},"How to convert int to string in Python",[31,126452,126453],{},[434,126454,126456,126457,567],{"href":126455},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method\u002F","Python string ",[15,126458,126459],{},"format()",[31,126461,126462],{},[434,126463,125897],{"href":125896},[31,126465,126466],{},[434,126467,90707],{"href":90706},[2260,126469,126470],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":90,"searchDepth":130,"depth":130,"links":126472},[126473,126474,126475,126476,126477,126478,126479,126480,126481,126490,126497],{"id":15489,"depth":130,"text":15490},{"id":125050,"depth":130,"text":125051},{"id":125214,"depth":130,"text":125215},{"id":125289,"depth":130,"text":125290},{"id":125389,"depth":130,"text":125390},{"id":125494,"depth":130,"text":125495},{"id":125672,"depth":130,"text":125673},{"id":125789,"depth":130,"text":125790},{"id":3185,"depth":130,"text":3186,"children":126482},[126483,126484,126485,126486,126488,126489],{"id":90514,"depth":137,"text":90515},{"id":125962,"depth":137,"text":125963},{"id":126045,"depth":137,"text":126046},{"id":126109,"depth":137,"text":126487},"Assuming 123 and \"123\" are the same type",{"id":126215,"depth":137,"text":126216},{"id":61034,"depth":137,"text":61035},{"id":2159,"depth":130,"text":2160,"children":126491},[126492,126493,126494,126495,126496],{"id":126384,"depth":137,"text":126385},{"id":126396,"depth":137,"text":126397},{"id":126403,"depth":137,"text":126404},{"id":126413,"depth":137,"text":126414},{"id":126427,"depth":137,"text":126428},{"id":2231,"depth":130,"text":2232},"Master python string creating a string in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string",{"title":124912,"description":126498},"reference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string","4BQU6hnmGKtWtbnNEuQ2DsM1B7YLS8pxu2cdWLKXLUE",{"id":126505,"title":126506,"body":126507,"description":128421,"extension":2319,"meta":128422,"navigation":133,"path":128423,"seo":128424,"stem":128425,"__hash__":128426},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method.md","Python String endswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":126508,"toc":128382},[126509,126515,126520,126528,126530,126597,126599,126611,126620,126625,126629,126646,126648,126713,126715,126727,126732,126734,126762,126783,126786,126825,126827,126835,126839,126843,126847,126855,126858,126899,126901,126909,126912,126969,126971,126979,126983,126988,127032,127034,127042,127051,127055,127060,127108,127110,127118,127124,127126,127130,127142,127147,127226,127228,127248,127252,127256,127296,127298,127306,127310,127353,127355,127363,127367,127407,127409,127417,127421,127477,127479,127487,127493,127495,127499,127509,127576,127578,127591,127598,127641,127643,127651,127655,127658,127714,127716,127724,127727,127729,127806,127808,127816,127825,127827,127831,127835,127837,127859,127862,127909,127913,127952,127954,127962,127964,128006,128013,128018,128080,128082,128094,128100,128105,128154,128156,128175,128181,128183,128202,128204,128295,128297,128303,128310,128316,128322,128327,128336,128343,128351,128353,128379],[10,126510,123456,126512,11651],{"id":126511},"python-string-endswith-method",[15,126513,126514],{},"endswith()",[24,126516,123461,126517,126519],{},[15,126518,126514],{}," method checks whether a string ends with specific text.",[24,126521,126522,126523,2167,126525,126527],{},"It is useful when you want a simple ",[15,126524,1225],{},[15,126526,4020],{}," answer. Beginners often use it for file extensions, URL endings, and checking user input.",[80,126529,2361],{"id":2360},[85,126531,126533],{"className":87,"code":126532,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,126534,126535,126549,126574],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,126536,126537,126540,126542,126544,126547],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,126538,126539],{"class":100},"filename ",[94,126541,105],{"class":104},[94,126543,1040],{"class":331},[94,126545,126546],{"class":335},"report.csv",[94,126548,1812],{"class":331},[94,126550,126551,126553,126555,126558,126560,126563,126565,126567,126570,126572],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,126552,326],{"class":145},[94,126554,149],{"class":108},[94,126556,126557],{"class":152},"filename",[94,126559,168],{"class":108},[94,126561,126562],{"class":152},"endswith",[94,126564,149],{"class":108},[94,126566,332],{"class":331},[94,126568,126569],{"class":335},".csv",[94,126571,332],{"class":331},[94,126573,921],{"class":108},[94,126575,126576,126578,126580,126582,126584,126586,126588,126590,126593,126595],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,126577,326],{"class":145},[94,126579,149],{"class":108},[94,126581,126557],{"class":152},[94,126583,168],{"class":108},[94,126585,126562],{"class":152},[94,126587,149],{"class":108},[94,126589,332],{"class":331},[94,126591,126592],{"class":335},".txt",[94,126594,332],{"class":331},[94,126596,921],{"class":108},[24,126598,371],{},[85,126600,126601],{"className":87,"code":44505,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,126602,126603,126607],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,126604,126605],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,126606,4325],{"class":1224},[94,126608,126609],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,126610,4386],{"class":1224},[24,126612,54,126613,5701,126615,2167,126617,126619],{},[15,126614,126514],{},[15,126616,1225],{},[15,126618,4020],{}," based on the ending of a string.",[80,126621,215,126623,218],{"id":126622},"what-endswith-does",[15,126624,126514],{},[24,126626,126627,384],{},[15,126628,126514],{},[28,126630,126631,126634,126640,126643],{},[31,126632,126633],{},"Checks whether a string ends with a given suffix",[31,126635,11753,126636,2167,126638],{},[15,126637,1225],{},[15,126639,4020],{},[31,126641,126642],{},"Does not change the original string",[31,126644,126645],{},"Works well with normal text such as file names, URLs, and sentence endings",[24,126647,2566],{},[85,126649,126651],{"className":87,"code":126650,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\"world\"))\nprint(text.endswith(\"hello\"))\n",[15,126652,126653,126665,126669,126691],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,126654,126655,126657,126659,126661,126663],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,126656,1803],{"class":100},[94,126658,105],{"class":104},[94,126660,1040],{"class":331},[94,126662,60731],{"class":335},[94,126664,1812],{"class":331},[94,126666,126667],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,126668,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,126670,126671,126673,126675,126677,126679,126681,126683,126685,126687,126689],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,126672,326],{"class":145},[94,126674,149],{"class":108},[94,126676,1817],{"class":152},[94,126678,168],{"class":108},[94,126680,126562],{"class":152},[94,126682,149],{"class":108},[94,126684,332],{"class":331},[94,126686,60916],{"class":335},[94,126688,332],{"class":331},[94,126690,921],{"class":108},[94,126692,126693,126695,126697,126699,126701,126703,126705,126707,126709,126711],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,126694,326],{"class":145},[94,126696,149],{"class":108},[94,126698,1817],{"class":152},[94,126700,168],{"class":108},[94,126702,126562],{"class":152},[94,126704,149],{"class":108},[94,126706,332],{"class":331},[94,126708,4190],{"class":335},[94,126710,332],{"class":331},[94,126712,921],{"class":108},[24,126714,371],{},[85,126716,126717],{"className":87,"code":44505,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,126718,126719,126723],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,126720,126721],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,126722,4325],{"class":1224},[94,126724,126725],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,126726,4386],{"class":1224},[24,126728,126729,126730,168],{},"If you are learning string basics, see ",[434,126731,125211],{"href":51306},[80,126733,2514],{"id":2513},[85,126735,126737],{"className":87,"code":126736,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"string.endswith(suffix, start, end)\n",[15,126738,126739],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,126740,126741,126743,126745,126747,126749,126752,126754,126756,126758,126760],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,126742,61499],{"class":100},[94,126744,168],{"class":108},[94,126746,126562],{"class":152},[94,126748,149],{"class":108},[94,126750,126751],{"class":152},"suffix",[94,126753,116],{"class":108},[94,126755,36379],{"class":152},[94,126757,116],{"class":108},[94,126759,65364],{"class":152},[94,126761,316],{"class":108},[28,126763,126764,126769,126776],{},[31,126765,126766,126768],{},[15,126767,126751],{}," is required",[31,126770,126771,1139,126773,126775],{},[15,126772,36400],{},[15,126774,52990],{}," are optional",[31,126777,126778,1139,126780,126782],{},[15,126779,36400],{},[15,126781,52990],{}," limit which part of the string is checked",[24,126784,126785],{},"Basic example:",[85,126787,126789],{"className":87,"code":126788,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"filename = \"notes.txt\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,126790,126791,126803],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,126792,126793,126795,126797,126799,126801],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,126794,126539],{"class":100},[94,126796,105],{"class":104},[94,126798,1040],{"class":331},[94,126800,87197],{"class":335},[94,126802,1812],{"class":331},[94,126804,126805,126807,126809,126811,126813,126815,126817,126819,126821,126823],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,126806,326],{"class":145},[94,126808,149],{"class":108},[94,126810,126557],{"class":152},[94,126812,168],{"class":108},[94,126814,126562],{"class":152},[94,126816,149],{"class":108},[94,126818,332],{"class":331},[94,126820,126592],{"class":335},[94,126822,332],{"class":331},[94,126824,921],{"class":108},[24,126826,371],{},[85,126828,126829],{"className":87,"code":4325,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,126830,126831],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,126832,126833],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,126834,4325],{"class":1224},[80,126836,126838],{"id":126837},"arguments-explained","Arguments explained",[265,126840,126841],{"id":126751},[15,126842,126751],{},[24,126844,126845,31081],{},[15,126846,126751],{},[28,126848,126849,126852],{},[31,126850,126851],{},"A single string",[31,126853,126854],{},"A tuple of strings",[24,126856,126857],{},"Single suffix:",[85,126859,126861],{"className":87,"code":126860,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith(\".png\"))\n",[15,126862,126863,126876],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,126864,126865,126867,126869,126871,126874],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,126866,8211],{"class":100},[94,126868,105],{"class":104},[94,126870,1040],{"class":331},[94,126872,126873],{"class":335},"image.png",[94,126875,1812],{"class":331},[94,126877,126878,126880,126882,126884,126886,126888,126890,126892,126895,126897],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,126879,326],{"class":145},[94,126881,149],{"class":108},[94,126883,8001],{"class":152},[94,126885,168],{"class":108},[94,126887,126562],{"class":152},[94,126889,149],{"class":108},[94,126891,332],{"class":331},[94,126893,126894],{"class":335},".png",[94,126896,332],{"class":331},[94,126898,921],{"class":108},[24,126900,371],{},[85,126902,126903],{"className":87,"code":4325,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,126904,126905],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,126906,126907],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,126908,4325],{"class":1224},[24,126910,126911],{},"Tuple of suffixes:",[85,126913,126915],{"className":87,"code":126914,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,126916,126917,126929],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,126918,126919,126921,126923,126925,126927],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,126920,8211],{"class":100},[94,126922,105],{"class":104},[94,126924,1040],{"class":331},[94,126926,126873],{"class":335},[94,126928,1812],{"class":331},[94,126930,126931,126933,126935,126937,126939,126941,126943,126945,126948,126950,126952,126954,126956,126958,126960,126962,126965,126967],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,126932,326],{"class":145},[94,126934,149],{"class":108},[94,126936,8001],{"class":152},[94,126938,168],{"class":108},[94,126940,126562],{"class":152},[94,126942,5842],{"class":108},[94,126944,332],{"class":331},[94,126946,126947],{"class":335},".jpg",[94,126949,332],{"class":331},[94,126951,116],{"class":108},[94,126953,1040],{"class":331},[94,126955,126894],{"class":335},[94,126957,332],{"class":331},[94,126959,116],{"class":108},[94,126961,1040],{"class":331},[94,126963,126964],{"class":335},".gif",[94,126966,332],{"class":331},[94,126968,3268],{"class":108},[24,126970,371],{},[85,126972,126973],{"className":87,"code":4325,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,126974,126975],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,126976,126977],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,126978,4325],{"class":1224},[265,126980,126981],{"id":36400},[15,126982,36400],{},[24,126984,126985,126987],{},[15,126986,36400],{}," tells Python where to begin checking in the string.",[85,126989,126991],{"className":87,"code":126990,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"my_report.csv\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 3))\n",[15,126992,126993,127006],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,126994,126995,126997,126999,127001,127004],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,126996,1803],{"class":100},[94,126998,105],{"class":104},[94,127000,1040],{"class":331},[94,127002,127003],{"class":335},"my_report.csv",[94,127005,1812],{"class":331},[94,127007,127008,127010,127012,127014,127016,127018,127020,127022,127024,127026,127028,127030],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,127009,326],{"class":145},[94,127011,149],{"class":108},[94,127013,1817],{"class":152},[94,127015,168],{"class":108},[94,127017,126562],{"class":152},[94,127019,149],{"class":108},[94,127021,332],{"class":331},[94,127023,126569],{"class":335},[94,127025,332],{"class":331},[94,127027,116],{"class":108},[94,127029,421],{"class":112},[94,127031,921],{"class":108},[24,127033,371],{},[85,127035,127036],{"className":87,"code":4325,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,127037,127038],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,127039,127040],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,127041,4325],{"class":1224},[24,127043,127044,127045,127047,127048,168],{},"Python checks the part from index ",[15,127046,113],{}," onward, which is ",[15,127049,127050],{},"\"report.csv\"",[265,127052,127053],{"id":52990},[15,127054,52990],{},[24,127056,127057,127059],{},[15,127058,52990],{}," tells Python where to stop checking before the end of the full string.",[85,127061,127063],{"className":87,"code":127062,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"report.csv backup\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 0, 10))\n",[15,127064,127065,127078],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,127066,127067,127069,127071,127073,127076],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,127068,1803],{"class":100},[94,127070,105],{"class":104},[94,127072,1040],{"class":331},[94,127074,127075],{"class":335},"report.csv backup",[94,127077,1812],{"class":331},[94,127079,127080,127082,127084,127086,127088,127090,127092,127094,127096,127098,127100,127102,127104,127106],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,127081,326],{"class":145},[94,127083,149],{"class":108},[94,127085,1817],{"class":152},[94,127087,168],{"class":108},[94,127089,126562],{"class":152},[94,127091,149],{"class":108},[94,127093,332],{"class":331},[94,127095,126569],{"class":335},[94,127097,332],{"class":331},[94,127099,116],{"class":108},[94,127101,4178],{"class":112},[94,127103,116],{"class":108},[94,127105,6336],{"class":112},[94,127107,921],{"class":108},[24,127109,371],{},[85,127111,127112],{"className":87,"code":4325,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,127113,127114],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,127115,127116],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,127117,4325],{"class":1224},[24,127119,127120,127121,127123],{},"Here, Python only checks ",[15,127122,127050],{}," and ignores the rest.",[80,127125,17748],{"id":17747},[24,127127,127128,25840],{},[15,127129,126514],{},[28,127131,127132,127137],{},[31,127133,127134,127136],{},[15,127135,1225],{}," if the string ends with the suffix",[31,127138,127139,127141],{},[15,127140,4020],{}," if it does not",[24,127143,127144,127145,7505],{},"This makes it very useful inside ",[15,127146,7330],{},[85,127148,127150],{"className":87,"code":127149,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"filename = \"data.csv\"\n\nif filename.endswith(\".csv\"):\n    print(\"This is a CSV file.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is not a CSV file.\")\n",[15,127151,127152,127165,127169,127190,127205,127211],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,127153,127154,127156,127158,127160,127163],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,127155,126539],{"class":100},[94,127157,105],{"class":104},[94,127159,1040],{"class":331},[94,127161,127162],{"class":335},"data.csv",[94,127164,1812],{"class":331},[94,127166,127167],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,127168,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,127170,127171,127173,127176,127178,127180,127182,127184,127186,127188],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,127172,7330],{"class":4221},[94,127174,127175],{"class":100}," filename",[94,127177,168],{"class":108},[94,127179,126562],{"class":152},[94,127181,149],{"class":108},[94,127183,332],{"class":331},[94,127185,126569],{"class":335},[94,127187,332],{"class":331},[94,127189,8676],{"class":108},[94,127191,127192,127194,127196,127198,127201,127203],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,127193,8404],{"class":145},[94,127195,149],{"class":108},[94,127197,332],{"class":331},[94,127199,127200],{"class":335},"This is a CSV file.",[94,127202,332],{"class":331},[94,127204,316],{"class":108},[94,127206,127207,127209],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,127208,27765],{"class":4221},[94,127210,6726],{"class":108},[94,127212,127213,127215,127217,127219,127222,127224],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,127214,8404],{"class":145},[94,127216,149],{"class":108},[94,127218,332],{"class":331},[94,127220,127221],{"class":335},"This is not a CSV file.",[94,127223,332],{"class":331},[94,127225,316],{"class":108},[24,127227,371],{},[85,127229,127231],{"className":87,"code":127230,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"This is a CSV file.\n",[15,127232,127233],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,127234,127235,127237,127239,127241,127244,127246],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,127236,50210],{"class":100},[94,127238,12519],{"class":104},[94,127240,44876],{"class":100},[94,127242,127243],{"class":34784},"CSV",[94,127245,86938],{"class":86937},[94,127247,122488],{"class":108},[80,127249,127251],{"id":127250},"common-beginner-examples","Common beginner examples",[265,127253,127255],{"id":127254},"check-a-file-extension","Check a file extension",[85,127257,127259],{"className":87,"code":127258,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"filename = \"sales.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127260,127261,127274],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,127262,127263,127265,127267,127269,127272],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,127264,126539],{"class":100},[94,127266,105],{"class":104},[94,127268,1040],{"class":331},[94,127270,127271],{"class":335},"sales.csv",[94,127273,1812],{"class":331},[94,127275,127276,127278,127280,127282,127284,127286,127288,127290,127292,127294],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,127277,326],{"class":145},[94,127279,149],{"class":108},[94,127281,126557],{"class":152},[94,127283,168],{"class":108},[94,127285,126562],{"class":152},[94,127287,149],{"class":108},[94,127289,332],{"class":331},[94,127291,126569],{"class":335},[94,127293,332],{"class":331},[94,127295,921],{"class":108},[24,127297,371],{},[85,127299,127300],{"className":87,"code":4325,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,127301,127302],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,127303,127304],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,127305,4325],{"class":1224},[265,127307,127309],{"id":127308},"check-whether-a-url-ends-with-a-slash","Check whether a URL ends with a slash",[85,127311,127313],{"className":87,"code":127312,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F\"\nprint(url.endswith(\"\u002F\"))\n",[15,127314,127315,127329],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,127316,127317,127320,127322,127324,127327],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,127318,127319],{"class":100},"url ",[94,127321,105],{"class":104},[94,127323,1040],{"class":331},[94,127325,127326],{"class":335},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F",[94,127328,1812],{"class":331},[94,127330,127331,127333,127335,127338,127340,127342,127344,127346,127349,127351],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,127332,326],{"class":145},[94,127334,149],{"class":108},[94,127336,127337],{"class":152},"url",[94,127339,168],{"class":108},[94,127341,126562],{"class":152},[94,127343,149],{"class":108},[94,127345,332],{"class":331},[94,127347,127348],{"class":335},"\u002F",[94,127350,332],{"class":331},[94,127352,921],{"class":108},[24,127354,371],{},[85,127356,127357],{"className":87,"code":4325,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,127358,127359],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,127360,127361],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,127362,4325],{"class":1224},[265,127364,127366],{"id":127365},"check-whether-user-input-ends-with-punctuation","Check whether user input ends with punctuation",[85,127368,127370],{"className":87,"code":127369,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"message = \"Hello!\"\nprint(message.endswith(\"!\"))\n",[15,127371,127372,127385],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,127373,127374,127376,127378,127380,127383],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,127375,90308],{"class":100},[94,127377,105],{"class":104},[94,127379,1040],{"class":331},[94,127381,127382],{"class":335},"Hello!",[94,127384,1812],{"class":331},[94,127386,127387,127389,127391,127393,127395,127397,127399,127401,127403,127405],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,127388,326],{"class":145},[94,127390,149],{"class":108},[94,127392,90325],{"class":152},[94,127394,168],{"class":108},[94,127396,126562],{"class":152},[94,127398,149],{"class":108},[94,127400,332],{"class":331},[94,127402,90150],{"class":335},[94,127404,332],{"class":331},[94,127406,921],{"class":108},[24,127408,371],{},[85,127410,127411],{"className":87,"code":4325,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,127412,127413],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,127414,127415],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,127416,4325],{"class":1224},[265,127418,127420],{"id":127419},"check-multiple-allowed-endings","Check multiple allowed endings",[85,127422,127424],{"className":87,"code":127423,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,127425,127426,127439],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,127427,127428,127430,127432,127434,127437],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,127429,126539],{"class":100},[94,127431,105],{"class":104},[94,127433,1040],{"class":331},[94,127435,127436],{"class":335},"photo.jpg",[94,127438,1812],{"class":331},[94,127440,127441,127443,127445,127447,127449,127451,127453,127455,127457,127459,127461,127463,127465,127467,127469,127471,127473,127475],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,127442,326],{"class":145},[94,127444,149],{"class":108},[94,127446,126557],{"class":152},[94,127448,168],{"class":108},[94,127450,126562],{"class":152},[94,127452,5842],{"class":108},[94,127454,332],{"class":331},[94,127456,126947],{"class":335},[94,127458,332],{"class":331},[94,127460,116],{"class":108},[94,127462,1040],{"class":331},[94,127464,126894],{"class":335},[94,127466,332],{"class":331},[94,127468,116],{"class":108},[94,127470,1040],{"class":331},[94,127472,126964],{"class":335},[94,127474,332],{"class":331},[94,127476,3268],{"class":108},[24,127478,371],{},[85,127480,127481],{"className":87,"code":4325,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,127482,127483],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,127484,127485],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,127486,4325],{"class":1224},[24,127488,127489,127490,168],{},"If you need to check whether text appears anywhere in a string, not just at the end, see ",[434,127491,127492],{"href":123711},"how to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[80,127494,124103],{"id":124102},[24,127496,127497,123914],{},[15,127498,126514],{},[24,127500,127501,127502,1139,127505,127508],{},"That means ",[15,127503,127504],{},"\".CSV\"",[15,127506,127507],{},"\".csv\""," are different.",[85,127510,127512],{"className":87,"code":127511,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\n\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".CSV\"))\n",[15,127513,127514,127527,127531,127553],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,127515,127516,127518,127520,127522,127525],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,127517,126539],{"class":100},[94,127519,105],{"class":104},[94,127521,1040],{"class":331},[94,127523,127524],{"class":335},"REPORT.CSV",[94,127526,1812],{"class":331},[94,127528,127529],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,127530,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,127532,127533,127535,127537,127539,127541,127543,127545,127547,127549,127551],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,127534,326],{"class":145},[94,127536,149],{"class":108},[94,127538,126557],{"class":152},[94,127540,168],{"class":108},[94,127542,126562],{"class":152},[94,127544,149],{"class":108},[94,127546,332],{"class":331},[94,127548,126569],{"class":335},[94,127550,332],{"class":331},[94,127552,921],{"class":108},[94,127554,127555,127557,127559,127561,127563,127565,127567,127569,127572,127574],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,127556,326],{"class":145},[94,127558,149],{"class":108},[94,127560,126557],{"class":152},[94,127562,168],{"class":108},[94,127564,126562],{"class":152},[94,127566,149],{"class":108},[94,127568,332],{"class":331},[94,127570,127571],{"class":335},".CSV",[94,127573,332],{"class":331},[94,127575,921],{"class":108},[24,127577,371],{},[85,127579,127581],{"className":87,"code":127580,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"False\nTrue\n",[15,127582,127583,127587],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,127584,127585],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,127586,4386],{"class":1224},[94,127588,127589],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,127590,4325],{"class":1224},[24,127592,127593,127594,168],{},"If you want a case-insensitive check, convert the string first with ",[434,127595,127596],{"href":124183},[15,127597,124186],{},[85,127599,127601],{"className":87,"code":127600,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.lower().endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127602,127603,127615],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,127604,127605,127607,127609,127611,127613],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,127606,126539],{"class":100},[94,127608,105],{"class":104},[94,127610,1040],{"class":331},[94,127612,127524],{"class":335},[94,127614,1812],{"class":331},[94,127616,127617,127619,127621,127623,127625,127627,127629,127631,127633,127635,127637,127639],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,127618,326],{"class":145},[94,127620,149],{"class":108},[94,127622,126557],{"class":152},[94,127624,168],{"class":108},[94,127626,1378],{"class":152},[94,127628,8971],{"class":108},[94,127630,126562],{"class":152},[94,127632,149],{"class":108},[94,127634,332],{"class":331},[94,127636,126569],{"class":335},[94,127638,332],{"class":331},[94,127640,921],{"class":108},[24,127642,371],{},[85,127644,127645],{"className":87,"code":4325,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,127646,127647],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,127648,127649],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,127650,4325],{"class":1224},[80,127652,127654],{"id":127653},"using-multiple-suffixes","Using multiple suffixes",[24,127656,127657],{},"You can pass a tuple of suffixes to check several endings at once.",[85,127659,127661],{"className":87,"code":127660,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"filename = \"picture.gif\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,127662,127663,127676],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,127664,127665,127667,127669,127671,127674],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,127666,126539],{"class":100},[94,127668,105],{"class":104},[94,127670,1040],{"class":331},[94,127672,127673],{"class":335},"picture.gif",[94,127675,1812],{"class":331},[94,127677,127678,127680,127682,127684,127686,127688,127690,127692,127694,127696,127698,127700,127702,127704,127706,127708,127710,127712],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,127679,326],{"class":145},[94,127681,149],{"class":108},[94,127683,126557],{"class":152},[94,127685,168],{"class":108},[94,127687,126562],{"class":152},[94,127689,5842],{"class":108},[94,127691,332],{"class":331},[94,127693,126947],{"class":335},[94,127695,332],{"class":331},[94,127697,116],{"class":108},[94,127699,1040],{"class":331},[94,127701,126894],{"class":335},[94,127703,332],{"class":331},[94,127705,116],{"class":108},[94,127707,1040],{"class":331},[94,127709,126964],{"class":335},[94,127711,332],{"class":331},[94,127713,3268],{"class":108},[24,127715,371],{},[85,127717,127718],{"className":87,"code":4325,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,127719,127720],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,127721,127722],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,127723,4325],{"class":1224},[24,127725,127726],{},"This is helpful when you want to allow several file types.",[24,127728,52409],{},[85,127730,127732],{"className":87,"code":127731,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"document = \"notes.txt\"\nallowed = (\".txt\", \".md\", \".docx\")\n\nprint(document.endswith(allowed))\n",[15,127733,127734,127747,127782,127786],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,127735,127736,127739,127741,127743,127745],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,127737,127738],{"class":100},"document ",[94,127740,105],{"class":104},[94,127742,1040],{"class":331},[94,127744,87197],{"class":335},[94,127746,1812],{"class":331},[94,127748,127749,127752,127754,127756,127758,127760,127762,127764,127766,127769,127771,127773,127775,127778,127780],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,127750,127751],{"class":100},"allowed ",[94,127753,105],{"class":104},[94,127755,854],{"class":108},[94,127757,332],{"class":331},[94,127759,126592],{"class":335},[94,127761,332],{"class":331},[94,127763,116],{"class":108},[94,127765,1040],{"class":331},[94,127767,127768],{"class":335},".md",[94,127770,332],{"class":331},[94,127772,116],{"class":108},[94,127774,1040],{"class":331},[94,127776,127777],{"class":335},".docx",[94,127779,332],{"class":331},[94,127781,316],{"class":108},[94,127783,127784],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,127785,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,127787,127788,127790,127792,127795,127797,127799,127801,127804],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,127789,326],{"class":145},[94,127791,149],{"class":108},[94,127793,127794],{"class":152},"document",[94,127796,168],{"class":108},[94,127798,126562],{"class":152},[94,127800,149],{"class":108},[94,127802,127803],{"class":152},"allowed",[94,127805,921],{"class":108},[24,127807,371],{},[85,127809,127810],{"className":87,"code":4325,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,127811,127812],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,127813,127814],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,127815,4325],{"class":1224},[24,127817,127818,127819,168],{},"If you want the opposite check at the beginning of a string, see ",[434,127820,126456,127822,567],{"href":127821},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method\u002F",[15,127823,127824],{},"startswith()",[80,127826,3186],{"id":3185},[24,127828,8780,127829,168],{},[15,127830,126514],{},[265,127832,127834],{"id":127833},"using-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Using a list instead of a tuple",[24,127836,4869],{},[85,127838,127840],{"className":87,"code":127839,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\n# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[15,127841,127842,127854],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,127843,127844,127846,127848,127850,127852],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,127845,126539],{"class":100},[94,127847,105],{"class":104},[94,127849,1040],{"class":331},[94,127851,127436],{"class":335},[94,127853,1812],{"class":331},[94,127855,127856],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,127857,127858],{"class":159},"# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[24,127860,127861],{},"Use a tuple instead:",[85,127863,127865],{"className":87,"code":127864,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\")))\n",[15,127866,127867,127879],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,127868,127869,127871,127873,127875,127877],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,127870,126539],{"class":100},[94,127872,105],{"class":104},[94,127874,1040],{"class":331},[94,127876,127436],{"class":335},[94,127878,1812],{"class":331},[94,127880,127881,127883,127885,127887,127889,127891,127893,127895,127897,127899,127901,127903,127905,127907],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,127882,326],{"class":145},[94,127884,149],{"class":108},[94,127886,126557],{"class":152},[94,127888,168],{"class":108},[94,127890,126562],{"class":152},[94,127892,5842],{"class":108},[94,127894,332],{"class":331},[94,127896,126947],{"class":335},[94,127898,332],{"class":331},[94,127900,116],{"class":108},[94,127902,1040],{"class":331},[94,127904,126894],{"class":335},[94,127906,332],{"class":331},[94,127908,3268],{"class":108},[265,127910,127912],{"id":127911},"forgetting-that-the-check-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that the check is case-sensitive",[85,127914,127916],{"className":87,"code":127915,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127917,127918,127930],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,127919,127920,127922,127924,127926,127928],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,127921,126539],{"class":100},[94,127923,105],{"class":104},[94,127925,1040],{"class":331},[94,127927,127524],{"class":335},[94,127929,1812],{"class":331},[94,127931,127932,127934,127936,127938,127940,127942,127944,127946,127948,127950],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,127933,326],{"class":145},[94,127935,149],{"class":108},[94,127937,126557],{"class":152},[94,127939,168],{"class":108},[94,127941,126562],{"class":152},[94,127943,149],{"class":108},[94,127945,332],{"class":331},[94,127947,126569],{"class":335},[94,127949,332],{"class":331},[94,127951,921],{"class":108},[24,127953,371],{},[85,127955,127956],{"className":87,"code":4386,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,127957,127958],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,127959,127960],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,127961,4386],{"class":1224},[24,127963,39592],{},[85,127965,127966],{"className":87,"code":127600,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,127967,127968,127980],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,127969,127970,127972,127974,127976,127978],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,127971,126539],{"class":100},[94,127973,105],{"class":104},[94,127975,1040],{"class":331},[94,127977,127524],{"class":335},[94,127979,1812],{"class":331},[94,127981,127982,127984,127986,127988,127990,127992,127994,127996,127998,128000,128002,128004],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,127983,326],{"class":145},[94,127985,149],{"class":108},[94,127987,126557],{"class":152},[94,127989,168],{"class":108},[94,127991,1378],{"class":152},[94,127993,8971],{"class":108},[94,127995,126562],{"class":152},[94,127997,149],{"class":108},[94,127999,332],{"class":331},[94,128001,126569],{"class":335},[94,128003,332],{"class":331},[94,128005,921],{"class":108},[265,128007,37533,128009,9037,128011],{"id":128008},"confusing-endswith-with-in",[15,128010,126514],{},[15,128012,4228],{},[24,128014,128015,128017],{},[15,128016,126514],{}," checks only the end of the string.",[85,128019,128021],{"className":87,"code":128020,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"my_report.csv.backup\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(\".csv\" in text)\n",[15,128022,128023,128036,128040,128062],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,128024,128025,128027,128029,128031,128034],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,128026,1803],{"class":100},[94,128028,105],{"class":104},[94,128030,1040],{"class":331},[94,128032,128033],{"class":335},"my_report.csv.backup",[94,128035,1812],{"class":331},[94,128037,128038],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,128039,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,128041,128042,128044,128046,128048,128050,128052,128054,128056,128058,128060],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,128043,326],{"class":145},[94,128045,149],{"class":108},[94,128047,1817],{"class":152},[94,128049,168],{"class":108},[94,128051,126562],{"class":152},[94,128053,149],{"class":108},[94,128055,332],{"class":331},[94,128057,126569],{"class":335},[94,128059,332],{"class":331},[94,128061,921],{"class":108},[94,128063,128064,128066,128068,128070,128072,128074,128076,128078],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,128065,326],{"class":145},[94,128067,149],{"class":108},[94,128069,332],{"class":331},[94,128071,126569],{"class":335},[94,128073,332],{"class":331},[94,128075,21505],{"class":4221},[94,128077,43172],{"class":152},[94,128079,316],{"class":108},[24,128081,371],{},[85,128083,128084],{"className":87,"code":127580,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,128085,128086,128090],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,128087,128088],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,128089,4386],{"class":1224},[94,128091,128092],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,128093,4325],{"class":1224},[265,128095,8786,128097,128099],{"id":128096},"expecting-endswith-to-remove-the-suffix",[15,128098,126514],{}," to remove the suffix",[24,128101,128102,128104],{},[15,128103,126514],{}," only checks. It does not edit the string.",[85,128106,128108],{"className":87,"code":128107,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename)\n",[15,128109,128110,128122,128144],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,128111,128112,128114,128116,128118,128120],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,128113,126539],{"class":100},[94,128115,105],{"class":104},[94,128117,1040],{"class":331},[94,128119,126546],{"class":335},[94,128121,1812],{"class":331},[94,128123,128124,128126,128128,128130,128132,128134,128136,128138,128140,128142],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,128125,326],{"class":145},[94,128127,149],{"class":108},[94,128129,126557],{"class":152},[94,128131,168],{"class":108},[94,128133,126562],{"class":152},[94,128135,149],{"class":108},[94,128137,332],{"class":331},[94,128139,126569],{"class":335},[94,128141,332],{"class":331},[94,128143,921],{"class":108},[94,128145,128146,128148,128150,128152],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,128147,326],{"class":145},[94,128149,149],{"class":108},[94,128151,126557],{"class":152},[94,128153,316],{"class":108},[24,128155,371],{},[85,128157,128159],{"className":87,"code":128158,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"True\nreport.csv\n",[15,128160,128161,128165],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,128162,128163],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,128164,4325],{"class":1224},[94,128166,128167,128170,128172],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,128168,128169],{"class":100},"report",[94,128171,168],{"class":108},[94,128173,128174],{"class":1377},"csv\n",[24,128176,128177,128178,168],{},"If you need to change text, see ",[434,128179,128180],{"href":124624},"how to replace text in a string in Python",[24,128182,66387],{},[28,128184,128185,128188,128191,128194],{},[31,128186,128187],{},"Passing the wrong suffix because of uppercase vs lowercase text",[31,128189,128190],{},"Using a list instead of a tuple for multiple endings",[31,128192,128193],{},"Checking the full string when only part of the string should be checked",[31,128195,1484,128196,44961,128198,2167,128200,111852],{},[15,128197,126514],{},[15,128199,124627],{},[15,128201,41984],{},[24,128203,30466],{},[85,128205,128207],{"className":87,"code":128206,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.endswith('.csv'))\nprint(text.lower().endswith('.csv'))\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,128208,128209,128219,128233,128255,128281],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,128210,128211,128213,128215,128217],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,128212,326],{"class":145},[94,128214,149],{"class":108},[94,128216,1817],{"class":152},[94,128218,316],{"class":108},[94,128220,128221,128223,128225,128227,128229,128231],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,128222,326],{"class":145},[94,128224,149],{"class":108},[94,128226,42110],{"class":145},[94,128228,149],{"class":108},[94,128230,1817],{"class":152},[94,128232,921],{"class":108},[94,128234,128235,128237,128239,128241,128243,128245,128247,128249,128251,128253],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,128236,326],{"class":145},[94,128238,149],{"class":108},[94,128240,1817],{"class":152},[94,128242,168],{"class":108},[94,128244,126562],{"class":152},[94,128246,149],{"class":108},[94,128248,968],{"class":331},[94,128250,126569],{"class":335},[94,128252,968],{"class":331},[94,128254,921],{"class":108},[94,128256,128257,128259,128261,128263,128265,128267,128269,128271,128273,128275,128277,128279],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,128258,326],{"class":145},[94,128260,149],{"class":108},[94,128262,1817],{"class":152},[94,128264,168],{"class":108},[94,128266,1378],{"class":152},[94,128268,8971],{"class":108},[94,128270,126562],{"class":152},[94,128272,149],{"class":108},[94,128274,968],{"class":331},[94,128276,126569],{"class":335},[94,128278,968],{"class":331},[94,128280,921],{"class":108},[94,128282,128283,128285,128287,128289,128291,128293],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,128284,326],{"class":145},[94,128286,149],{"class":108},[94,128288,914],{"class":913},[94,128290,149],{"class":108},[94,128292,1817],{"class":152},[94,128294,921],{"class":108},[80,128296,2160],{"id":2159},[265,128298,13029,128300,128302],{"id":128299},"does-endswith-change-the-string",[15,128301,126514],{}," change the string?",[24,128304,128305,128306,2167,128308,168],{},"No. It only checks the ending and returns ",[15,128307,1225],{},[15,128309,4020],{},[265,128311,2191,128313,128315],{"id":128312},"can-endswith-check-more-than-one-ending",[15,128314,126514],{}," check more than one ending?",[24,128317,128318,128319,168],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of suffixes, such as ",[15,128320,128321],{},"(\".jpg\", \".png\")",[265,128323,15230,128325,124792],{"id":128324},"is-endswith-case-sensitive",[15,128326,126514],{},[24,128328,128329,128330,2167,128332,128335],{},"Yes. Use ",[15,128331,124186],{},[15,128333,128334],{},"upper()"," first if you want a case-insensitive check.",[265,128337,5514,128339,1139,128341,2170],{"id":128338},"what-is-the-difference-between-endswith-and-find",[15,128340,126514],{},[15,128342,124451],{},[24,128344,128345,128347,128348,128350],{},[15,128346,126514],{}," only checks the end of the string. ",[15,128349,124451],{}," searches for text anywhere in the string.",[80,128352,2232],{"id":2231},[28,128354,128355,128361,128367,128371,128375],{},[31,128356,128357],{},[434,128358,126456,128359,567],{"href":127821},[15,128360,127824],{},[31,128362,128363],{},[434,128364,126456,128365,567],{"href":124183},[15,128366,124186],{},[31,128368,128369],{},[434,128370,124855],{"href":123711},[31,128372,128373],{},[434,128374,124862],{"href":124624},[31,128376,128377],{},[434,128378,125211],{"href":51306},[2260,128380,128381],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":90,"searchDepth":130,"depth":130,"links":128383},[128384,128385,128387,128388,128393,128394,128400,128401,128402,128410,128420],{"id":2360,"depth":130,"text":2361},{"id":126622,"depth":130,"text":128386},"What endswith() does",{"id":2513,"depth":130,"text":2514},{"id":126837,"depth":130,"text":126838,"children":128389},[128390,128391,128392],{"id":126751,"depth":137,"text":126751},{"id":36400,"depth":137,"text":36400},{"id":52990,"depth":137,"text":52990},{"id":17747,"depth":130,"text":17748},{"id":127250,"depth":130,"text":127251,"children":128395},[128396,128397,128398,128399],{"id":127254,"depth":137,"text":127255},{"id":127308,"depth":137,"text":127309},{"id":127365,"depth":137,"text":127366},{"id":127419,"depth":137,"text":127420},{"id":124102,"depth":130,"text":124103},{"id":127653,"depth":130,"text":127654},{"id":3185,"depth":130,"text":3186,"children":128403},[128404,128405,128406,128408],{"id":127833,"depth":137,"text":127834},{"id":127911,"depth":137,"text":127912},{"id":128008,"depth":137,"text":128407},"Confusing endswith() with in",{"id":128096,"depth":137,"text":128409},"Expecting endswith() to remove the suffix",{"id":2159,"depth":130,"text":2160,"children":128411},[128412,128414,128416,128418],{"id":128299,"depth":137,"text":128413},"Does endswith() change the string?",{"id":128312,"depth":137,"text":128415},"Can endswith() check more than one ending?",{"id":128324,"depth":137,"text":128417},"Is endswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":128338,"depth":137,"text":128419},"What is the difference between endswith() and find()?",{"id":2231,"depth":130,"text":2232},"Master python string endswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method",{"title":126506,"description":128421},"reference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method","jmT6sZS8GCE7qxlLXjoIsllvV_eO0eIaQJVm97pUvDY",{"id":128428,"title":128429,"body":128430,"description":130098,"extension":2319,"meta":130099,"navigation":133,"path":130100,"seo":130101,"stem":130102,"__hash__":130103},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method.md","Python String find() Method",{"type":7,"value":128431,"toc":130071},[128432,128437,128442,128447,128452,128545,128555,128560,128565,128580,128582,128664,128672,128674,128676,128703,128705,128721,128728,128730,128838,128840,128845,128861,128863,128958,128966,128969,128975,128980,128985,128992,129131,129134,129147,129149,129153,129160,129230,129233,129282,129289,129296,129310,129315,129320,129366,129412,129428,129430,129435,129449,129452,129574,129579,129581,129586,129619,129622,129698,129700,129709,129723,129726,129810,129813,129924,129927,129955,129957,129964,129968,129974,129977,129983,129986,129993,130004,130010,130017,130019,130068],[10,128433,123456,128435,11651],{"id":128434},"python-string-find-method",[15,128436,124451],{},[24,128438,123461,128439,128441],{},[15,128440,124451],{}," method searches for a substring inside a string.",[24,128443,128444,128445,168],{},"It returns the index of the first match. If the text is not found, it returns ",[15,128446,66178],{},[24,128448,54,128449,128451],{},[15,128450,124451],{}," when you want the position of some text and it is normal for that text to be missing.",[85,128453,128455],{"className":87,"code":128454,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.find(\"world\")\nprint(position)   # 6\n\nmissing = text.find(\"python\")\nprint(missing)    # -1\n",[15,128456,128457,128469,128492,128505,128509,128532],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,128458,128459,128461,128463,128465,128467],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,128460,1803],{"class":100},[94,128462,105],{"class":104},[94,128464,1040],{"class":331},[94,128466,60731],{"class":335},[94,128468,1812],{"class":331},[94,128470,128471,128473,128475,128477,128479,128482,128484,128486,128488,128490],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,128472,65243],{"class":100},[94,128474,105],{"class":104},[94,128476,43172],{"class":100},[94,128478,168],{"class":108},[94,128480,128481],{"class":152},"find",[94,128483,149],{"class":108},[94,128485,332],{"class":331},[94,128487,60916],{"class":335},[94,128489,332],{"class":331},[94,128491,316],{"class":108},[94,128493,128494,128496,128498,128500,128502],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,128495,326],{"class":145},[94,128497,149],{"class":108},[94,128499,65270],{"class":152},[94,128501,156],{"class":108},[94,128503,128504],{"class":159},"   # 6\n",[94,128506,128507],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,128508,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,128510,128511,128514,128516,128518,128520,128522,128524,128526,128528,128530],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,128512,128513],{"class":100},"missing ",[94,128515,105],{"class":104},[94,128517,43172],{"class":100},[94,128519,168],{"class":108},[94,128521,128481],{"class":152},[94,128523,149],{"class":108},[94,128525,332],{"class":331},[94,128527,89],{"class":335},[94,128529,332],{"class":331},[94,128531,316],{"class":108},[94,128533,128534,128536,128538,128540,128542],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,128535,326],{"class":145},[94,128537,149],{"class":108},[94,128539,27104],{"class":152},[94,128541,156],{"class":108},[94,128543,128544],{"class":159},"    # -1\n",[43911,128546,128547],{},[24,128548,54,128549,128551,128552,128554],{},[15,128550,124451],{}," when you want the position of a substring. It returns ",[15,128553,66178],{}," if the substring is not found.",[80,128556,215,128558,218],{"id":128557},"what-find-does",[15,128559,124451],{},[24,128561,128562,128564],{},[15,128563,124451],{}," is a string method that:",[28,128566,128567,128570,128573,128578],{},[31,128568,128569],{},"Searches a string for a substring",[31,128571,128572],{},"Returns the index of the first match",[31,128574,11753,128575,128577],{},[15,128576,66178],{}," if no match is found",[31,128579,126642],{},[24,128581,2566],{},[85,128583,128585],{"className":87,"code":128584,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"na\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))    # -1\nprint(text)              # banana\n",[15,128586,128587,128599,128603,128627,128651],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,128588,128589,128591,128593,128595,128597],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,128590,1803],{"class":100},[94,128592,105],{"class":104},[94,128594,1040],{"class":331},[94,128596,4432],{"class":335},[94,128598,1812],{"class":331},[94,128600,128601],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,128602,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,128604,128605,128607,128609,128611,128613,128615,128617,128619,128621,128623,128625],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,128606,326],{"class":145},[94,128608,149],{"class":108},[94,128610,1817],{"class":152},[94,128612,168],{"class":108},[94,128614,128481],{"class":152},[94,128616,149],{"class":108},[94,128618,332],{"class":331},[94,128620,123549],{"class":335},[94,128622,332],{"class":331},[94,128624,5693],{"class":108},[94,128626,57969],{"class":159},[94,128628,128629,128631,128633,128635,128637,128639,128641,128643,128645,128647,128649],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,128630,326],{"class":145},[94,128632,149],{"class":108},[94,128634,1817],{"class":152},[94,128636,168],{"class":108},[94,128638,128481],{"class":152},[94,128640,149],{"class":108},[94,128642,332],{"class":331},[94,128644,2531],{"class":335},[94,128646,332],{"class":331},[94,128648,5693],{"class":108},[94,128650,128544],{"class":159},[94,128652,128653,128655,128657,128659,128661],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,128654,326],{"class":145},[94,128656,149],{"class":108},[94,128658,1817],{"class":152},[94,128660,156],{"class":108},[94,128662,128663],{"class":159},"              # banana\n",[24,128665,21102,128666,128669,128670,168],{},[15,128667,128668],{},"\"na\""," first appears at index ",[15,128671,763],{},[80,128673,2514],{"id":2513},[24,128675,2517],{},[85,128677,128679],{"className":87,"code":128678,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"string.find(value, start, end)\n",[15,128680,128681],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,128682,128683,128685,128687,128689,128691,128693,128695,128697,128699,128701],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,128684,61499],{"class":100},[94,128686,168],{"class":108},[94,128688,128481],{"class":152},[94,128690,149],{"class":108},[94,128692,2829],{"class":152},[94,128694,116],{"class":108},[94,128696,36379],{"class":152},[94,128698,116],{"class":108},[94,128700,65364],{"class":152},[94,128702,316],{"class":108},[265,128704,17724],{"id":17723},[28,128706,128707,128711,128716],{},[31,128708,128709,123648],{},[15,128710,2829],{},[31,128712,128713,128715],{},[15,128714,36400],{},": optional starting position",[31,128717,128718,128720],{},[15,128719,52990],{},": optional ending position",[24,128722,128723,1139,128725,128727],{},[15,128724,36400],{},[15,128726,52990],{}," let you search only part of the string.",[24,128729,126785],{},[85,128731,128733],{"className":87,"code":128732,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"o\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5))     # 7\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5, 7))  # -1\n",[15,128734,128735,128747,128751,128776,128805],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,128736,128737,128739,128741,128743,128745],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,128738,1803],{"class":100},[94,128740,105],{"class":104},[94,128742,1040],{"class":331},[94,128744,60731],{"class":335},[94,128746,1812],{"class":331},[94,128748,128749],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,128750,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,128752,128753,128755,128757,128759,128761,128763,128765,128767,128769,128771,128773],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,128754,326],{"class":145},[94,128756,149],{"class":108},[94,128758,1817],{"class":152},[94,128760,168],{"class":108},[94,128762,128481],{"class":152},[94,128764,149],{"class":108},[94,128766,332],{"class":331},[94,128768,60798],{"class":335},[94,128770,332],{"class":331},[94,128772,5693],{"class":108},[94,128774,128775],{"class":159},"        # 4\n",[94,128777,128778,128780,128782,128784,128786,128788,128790,128792,128794,128796,128798,128800,128802],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,128779,326],{"class":145},[94,128781,149],{"class":108},[94,128783,1817],{"class":152},[94,128785,168],{"class":108},[94,128787,128481],{"class":152},[94,128789,149],{"class":108},[94,128791,332],{"class":331},[94,128793,60798],{"class":335},[94,128795,332],{"class":331},[94,128797,116],{"class":108},[94,128799,772],{"class":112},[94,128801,5693],{"class":108},[94,128803,128804],{"class":159},"     # 7\n",[94,128806,128807,128809,128811,128813,128815,128817,128819,128821,128823,128825,128827,128829,128831,128833,128835],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,128808,326],{"class":145},[94,128810,149],{"class":108},[94,128812,1817],{"class":152},[94,128814,168],{"class":108},[94,128816,128481],{"class":152},[94,128818,149],{"class":108},[94,128820,332],{"class":331},[94,128822,60798],{"class":335},[94,128824,332],{"class":331},[94,128826,116],{"class":108},[94,128828,772],{"class":112},[94,128830,116],{"class":108},[94,128832,6325],{"class":112},[94,128834,5693],{"class":108},[94,128836,128837],{"class":159},"  # -1\n",[80,128839,38350],{"id":38349},[24,128841,57868,128842,128844],{},[15,128843,124451],{}," is always an integer.",[28,128846,128847,128853,128856],{},[31,128848,128849,128850,128852],{},"A number ",[15,128851,2476],{}," or greater means the substring was found",[31,128854,128855],{},"The number is the starting position of the match",[31,128857,128858,128860],{},[15,128859,66178],{}," means the substring was not found",[24,128862,2566],{},[85,128864,128866],{"className":87,"code":128865,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"python\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"py\"))   # 0\nprint(text.find(\"th\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))    # -1\n",[15,128867,128868,128880,128884,128909,128934],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,128869,128870,128872,128874,128876,128878],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,128871,1803],{"class":100},[94,128873,105],{"class":104},[94,128875,1040],{"class":331},[94,128877,89],{"class":335},[94,128879,1812],{"class":331},[94,128881,128882],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,128883,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,128885,128886,128888,128890,128892,128894,128896,128898,128900,128903,128905,128907],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,128887,326],{"class":145},[94,128889,149],{"class":108},[94,128891,1817],{"class":152},[94,128893,168],{"class":108},[94,128895,128481],{"class":152},[94,128897,149],{"class":108},[94,128899,332],{"class":331},[94,128901,128902],{"class":335},"py",[94,128904,332],{"class":331},[94,128906,5693],{"class":108},[94,128908,21099],{"class":159},[94,128910,128911,128913,128915,128917,128919,128921,128923,128925,128928,128930,128932],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,128912,326],{"class":145},[94,128914,149],{"class":108},[94,128916,1817],{"class":152},[94,128918,168],{"class":108},[94,128920,128481],{"class":152},[94,128922,149],{"class":108},[94,128924,332],{"class":331},[94,128926,128927],{"class":335},"th",[94,128929,332],{"class":331},[94,128931,5693],{"class":108},[94,128933,57969],{"class":159},[94,128935,128936,128938,128940,128942,128944,128946,128948,128950,128952,128954,128956],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,128937,326],{"class":145},[94,128939,149],{"class":108},[94,128941,1817],{"class":152},[94,128943,168],{"class":108},[94,128945,128481],{"class":152},[94,128947,149],{"class":108},[94,128949,332],{"class":331},[94,128951,22408],{"class":335},[94,128953,332],{"class":331},[94,128955,5693],{"class":108},[94,128957,128544],{"class":159},[24,128959,90212,128960,8789,128962,2167,128964,168],{},[15,128961,124451],{},[15,128963,1225],{},[15,128965,4020],{},[24,128967,128968],{},"It does not return a Boolean value. It returns the position of the match.",[80,128970,1484,128971,1139,128973],{"id":65730},[15,128972,36400],{},[15,128974,52990],{},[24,128976,54,128977,128979],{},[15,128978,36400],{}," to skip the earlier part of a string.",[24,128981,54,128982,128984],{},[15,128983,52990],{}," to stop searching before a certain position.",[24,128986,2336,128987,75778,128989,128991],{},[15,128988,52990],{},[43,128990,65393],{}," in the search.",[85,128993,128995],{"className":87,"code":128994,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"one two three two\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"two\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 5))     # 14\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 7))  # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 4))  # -1\n",[15,128996,128997,129010,129014,129038,129067,129099],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,128998,128999,129001,129003,129005,129008],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,129000,1803],{"class":100},[94,129002,105],{"class":104},[94,129004,1040],{"class":331},[94,129006,129007],{"class":335},"one two three two",[94,129009,1812],{"class":331},[94,129011,129012],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,129013,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,129015,129016,129018,129020,129022,129024,129026,129028,129030,129032,129034,129036],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,129017,326],{"class":145},[94,129019,149],{"class":108},[94,129021,1817],{"class":152},[94,129023,168],{"class":108},[94,129025,128481],{"class":152},[94,129027,149],{"class":108},[94,129029,332],{"class":331},[94,129031,79579],{"class":335},[94,129033,332],{"class":331},[94,129035,5693],{"class":108},[94,129037,128775],{"class":159},[94,129039,129040,129042,129044,129046,129048,129050,129052,129054,129056,129058,129060,129062,129064],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,129041,326],{"class":145},[94,129043,149],{"class":108},[94,129045,1817],{"class":152},[94,129047,168],{"class":108},[94,129049,128481],{"class":152},[94,129051,149],{"class":108},[94,129053,332],{"class":331},[94,129055,79579],{"class":335},[94,129057,332],{"class":331},[94,129059,116],{"class":108},[94,129061,772],{"class":112},[94,129063,5693],{"class":108},[94,129065,129066],{"class":159},"     # 14\n",[94,129068,129069,129071,129073,129075,129077,129079,129081,129083,129085,129087,129089,129091,129093,129095,129097],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,129070,326],{"class":145},[94,129072,149],{"class":108},[94,129074,1817],{"class":152},[94,129076,168],{"class":108},[94,129078,128481],{"class":152},[94,129080,149],{"class":108},[94,129082,332],{"class":331},[94,129084,79579],{"class":335},[94,129086,332],{"class":331},[94,129088,116],{"class":108},[94,129090,4178],{"class":112},[94,129092,116],{"class":108},[94,129094,6325],{"class":112},[94,129096,5693],{"class":108},[94,129098,51266],{"class":159},[94,129100,129101,129103,129105,129107,129109,129111,129113,129115,129117,129119,129121,129123,129125,129127,129129],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,129102,326],{"class":145},[94,129104,149],{"class":108},[94,129106,1817],{"class":152},[94,129108,168],{"class":108},[94,129110,128481],{"class":152},[94,129112,149],{"class":108},[94,129114,332],{"class":331},[94,129116,79579],{"class":335},[94,129118,332],{"class":331},[94,129120,116],{"class":108},[94,129122,4178],{"class":112},[94,129124,116],{"class":108},[94,129126,624],{"class":112},[94,129128,5693],{"class":108},[94,129130,128837],{"class":159},[24,129132,129133],{},"This is useful when you only want to search inside part of a string before slicing or processing it further.",[24,129135,129136,129137,55397,129141,168],{},"If you want to split text after finding a separator, see ",[434,129138,129140],{"href":129139},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to split a string in Python",[434,129142,129144,129146],{"href":129143},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method\u002F",[15,129145,60856],{}," string method",[80,129148,124103],{"id":124102},[24,129150,129151,123914],{},[15,129152,124451],{},[24,129154,127501,129155,1139,129157,129159],{},[15,129156,90719],{},[15,129158,64858],{}," are treated as different text.",[85,129161,129163],{"className":87,"code":129162,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"Hello\"))  # 0\nprint(text.find(\"hello\"))  # -1\n",[15,129164,129165,129178,129182,129206],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,129166,129167,129169,129171,129173,129176],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,129168,1803],{"class":100},[94,129170,105],{"class":104},[94,129172,1040],{"class":331},[94,129174,129175],{"class":335},"Hello World",[94,129177,1812],{"class":331},[94,129179,129180],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,129181,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,129183,129184,129186,129188,129190,129192,129194,129196,129198,129200,129202,129204],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,129185,326],{"class":145},[94,129187,149],{"class":108},[94,129189,1817],{"class":152},[94,129191,168],{"class":108},[94,129193,128481],{"class":152},[94,129195,149],{"class":108},[94,129197,332],{"class":331},[94,129199,35196],{"class":335},[94,129201,332],{"class":331},[94,129203,5693],{"class":108},[94,129205,51576],{"class":159},[94,129207,129208,129210,129212,129214,129216,129218,129220,129222,129224,129226,129228],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,129209,326],{"class":145},[94,129211,149],{"class":108},[94,129213,1817],{"class":152},[94,129215,168],{"class":108},[94,129217,128481],{"class":152},[94,129219,149],{"class":108},[94,129221,332],{"class":331},[94,129223,4190],{"class":335},[94,129225,332],{"class":331},[94,129227,5693],{"class":108},[94,129229,128837],{"class":159},[24,129231,129232],{},"If you want a case-insensitive search, convert both values to the same case first.",[85,129234,129236],{"className":87,"code":129235,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower().find(\"hello\"))  # 0\n",[15,129237,129238,129250,129254],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,129239,129240,129242,129244,129246,129248],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,129241,1803],{"class":100},[94,129243,105],{"class":104},[94,129245,1040],{"class":331},[94,129247,129175],{"class":335},[94,129249,1812],{"class":331},[94,129251,129252],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,129253,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,129255,129256,129258,129260,129262,129264,129266,129268,129270,129272,129274,129276,129278,129280],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,129257,326],{"class":145},[94,129259,149],{"class":108},[94,129261,1817],{"class":152},[94,129263,168],{"class":108},[94,129265,1378],{"class":152},[94,129267,8971],{"class":108},[94,129269,128481],{"class":152},[94,129271,149],{"class":108},[94,129273,332],{"class":331},[94,129275,4190],{"class":335},[94,129277,332],{"class":331},[94,129279,5693],{"class":108},[94,129281,51576],{"class":159},[80,129283,129285,18,129287],{"id":129284},"find-vs-index",[15,129286,124451],{},[15,129288,59292],{},[24,129290,129291,1139,129293,129295],{},[15,129292,124451],{},[15,129294,59292],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the substring is missing.",[28,129297,129298,129304],{},[31,129299,129300,74,129302],{},[15,129301,124451],{},[15,129303,66178],{},[31,129305,129306,52824,129308],{},[15,129307,59292],{},[15,129309,41034],{},[24,129311,54,129312,129314],{},[15,129313,124451],{}," when missing text is normal.",[24,129316,54,129317,129319],{},[15,129318,59292],{}," when the value must exist.",[85,129321,129323],{"className":87,"code":129322,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))   # -1\n",[15,129324,129325,129337,129341],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,129326,129327,129329,129331,129333,129335],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,129328,1803],{"class":100},[94,129330,105],{"class":104},[94,129332,1040],{"class":331},[94,129334,4190],{"class":335},[94,129336,1812],{"class":331},[94,129338,129339],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,129340,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,129342,129343,129345,129347,129349,129351,129353,129355,129357,129359,129361,129363],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,129344,326],{"class":145},[94,129346,149],{"class":108},[94,129348,1817],{"class":152},[94,129350,168],{"class":108},[94,129352,128481],{"class":152},[94,129354,149],{"class":108},[94,129356,332],{"class":331},[94,129358,2531],{"class":335},[94,129360,332],{"class":331},[94,129362,5693],{"class":108},[94,129364,129365],{"class":159},"   # -1\n",[85,129367,129369],{"className":87,"code":129368,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"x\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,129370,129371,129383,129387],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,129372,129373,129375,129377,129379,129381],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,129374,1803],{"class":100},[94,129376,105],{"class":104},[94,129378,1040],{"class":331},[94,129380,4190],{"class":335},[94,129382,1812],{"class":331},[94,129384,129385],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,129386,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,129388,129389,129391,129393,129395,129397,129399,129401,129403,129405,129407,129409],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,129390,326],{"class":145},[94,129392,149],{"class":108},[94,129394,1817],{"class":152},[94,129396,168],{"class":108},[94,129398,36174],{"class":152},[94,129400,149],{"class":108},[94,129402,332],{"class":331},[94,129404,2531],{"class":335},[94,129406,332],{"class":331},[94,129408,5693],{"class":108},[94,129410,129411],{"class":159},"  # ValueError\n",[24,129413,129414,129415,129419,129420,129422,129423,168],{},"If you want to learn the difference in more detail, see the ",[434,129416,129417,129146],{"href":124476},[15,129418,59292],{},". If your code crashes because of ",[15,129421,59292],{},", read ",[434,129424,26011,129425],{"href":73806},[15,129426,129427],{},"ValueError: substring not found",[80,129429,41376],{"id":41375},[24,129431,35733,129432,129434],{},[15,129433,124451],{}," for simple string search tasks like these:",[28,129436,129437,129440,129443,129446],{},[31,129438,129439],{},"Check whether part of a string exists",[31,129441,129442],{},"Get the position of a word",[31,129444,129445],{},"Find separators like commas, colons, or spaces",[31,129447,129448],{},"Search before slicing a string",[24,129450,129451],{},"Example: finding a colon before slicing",[85,129453,129455],{"className":87,"code":129454,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"name:Alice\"\ncolon_pos = text.find(\":\")\n\nif colon_pos != -1:\n    label = text[:colon_pos]\n    value = text[colon_pos + 1:]\n    print(label)  # name\n    print(value)  # Alice\n",[15,129456,129457,129470,129493,129497,129512,129528,129547,129561],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,129458,129459,129461,129463,129465,129468],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,129460,1803],{"class":100},[94,129462,105],{"class":104},[94,129464,1040],{"class":331},[94,129466,129467],{"class":335},"name:Alice",[94,129469,1812],{"class":331},[94,129471,129472,129475,129477,129479,129481,129483,129485,129487,129489,129491],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,129473,129474],{"class":100},"colon_pos ",[94,129476,105],{"class":104},[94,129478,43172],{"class":100},[94,129480,168],{"class":108},[94,129482,128481],{"class":152},[94,129484,149],{"class":108},[94,129486,332],{"class":331},[94,129488,384],{"class":335},[94,129490,332],{"class":331},[94,129492,316],{"class":108},[94,129494,129495],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,129496,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,129498,129499,129501,129504,129506,129508,129510],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,129500,7330],{"class":4221},[94,129502,129503],{"class":100}," colon_pos ",[94,129505,72916],{"class":104},[94,129507,2581],{"class":104},[94,129509,412],{"class":112},[94,129511,6726],{"class":108},[94,129513,129514,129517,129519,129521,129523,129526],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,129515,129516],{"class":100},"    label ",[94,129518,105],{"class":104},[94,129520,43172],{"class":100},[94,129522,75851],{"class":108},[94,129524,129525],{"class":100},"colon_pos",[94,129527,127],{"class":108},[94,129529,129530,129532,129534,129536,129538,129540,129542,129544],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,129531,27732],{"class":100},[94,129533,105],{"class":104},[94,129535,43172],{"class":100},[94,129537,539],{"class":108},[94,129539,129474],{"class":100},[94,129541,2417],{"class":104},[94,129543,119],{"class":112},[94,129545,129546],{"class":108},":]\n",[94,129548,129549,129551,129553,129556,129558],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,129550,8404],{"class":145},[94,129552,149],{"class":108},[94,129554,129555],{"class":152},"label",[94,129557,156],{"class":108},[94,129559,129560],{"class":159},"  # name\n",[94,129562,129563,129565,129567,129569,129571],{"class":96,"line":702},[94,129564,8404],{"class":145},[94,129566,149],{"class":108},[94,129568,2829],{"class":152},[94,129570,156],{"class":108},[94,129572,129573],{"class":159},"  # Alice\n",[24,129575,129576,129577,168],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, you may also want to read ",[434,129578,127492],{"href":123711},[80,129580,3186],{"id":3185},[24,129582,129583,129584,384],{},"These are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,129585,124451],{},[28,129587,129588,129597,129603,129608,129614],{},[31,129589,8786,129590,8789,129592,2167,129594,129596],{},[15,129591,124451],{},[15,129593,1225],{},[15,129595,4020],{}," instead of an index",[31,129598,129599,129600,129602],{},"Forgetting that the method returns ",[15,129601,66178],{}," when the substring is missing",[31,129604,1484,129605,129607],{},[15,129606,124451],{}," without handling case differences",[31,129609,37533,129610,9037,129612],{},[15,129611,124451],{},[15,129613,59292],{},[31,129615,4923,129616,129618],{},[15,129617,124451],{}," changes the string",[24,129620,129621],{},"Example of a mistake:",[85,129623,129625],{"className":87,"code":129624,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\"):\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,129626,129627,129639,129643,129663,129678,129684],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,129628,129629,129631,129633,129635,129637],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,129630,1803],{"class":100},[94,129632,105],{"class":104},[94,129634,1040],{"class":331},[94,129636,4190],{"class":335},[94,129638,1812],{"class":331},[94,129640,129641],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,129642,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,129644,129645,129647,129649,129651,129653,129655,129657,129659,129661],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,129646,7330],{"class":4221},[94,129648,43172],{"class":100},[94,129650,168],{"class":108},[94,129652,128481],{"class":152},[94,129654,149],{"class":108},[94,129656,332],{"class":331},[94,129658,60763],{"class":335},[94,129660,332],{"class":331},[94,129662,8676],{"class":108},[94,129664,129665,129667,129669,129671,129674,129676],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,129666,8404],{"class":145},[94,129668,149],{"class":108},[94,129670,332],{"class":331},[94,129672,129673],{"class":335},"Found",[94,129675,332],{"class":331},[94,129677,316],{"class":108},[94,129679,129680,129682],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,129681,27765],{"class":4221},[94,129683,6726],{"class":108},[94,129685,129686,129688,129690,129692,129694,129696],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,129687,8404],{"class":145},[94,129689,149],{"class":108},[94,129691,332],{"class":331},[94,129693,26646],{"class":335},[94,129695,332],{"class":331},[94,129697,316],{"class":108},[24,129699,100216],{},[85,129701,129703],{"className":87,"code":129702,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"Not found\n",[15,129704,129705],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,129706,129707],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,129708,129702],{"class":100},[24,129710,46035,129711,129714,129715,17401,129717,129719,129720,129722],{},[15,129712,129713],{},"\"h\""," is found at index ",[15,129716,2476],{},[15,129718,2476],{}," is treated as false in an ",[15,129721,7330],{}," statement.",[24,129724,129725],{},"A safer version is:",[85,129727,129729],{"className":87,"code":129728,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\") != -1:\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,129730,129731,129743,129747,129776,129790,129796],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,129732,129733,129735,129737,129739,129741],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,129734,1803],{"class":100},[94,129736,105],{"class":104},[94,129738,1040],{"class":331},[94,129740,4190],{"class":335},[94,129742,1812],{"class":331},[94,129744,129745],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,129746,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,129748,129749,129751,129753,129755,129757,129759,129761,129763,129765,129767,129770,129772,129774],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,129750,7330],{"class":4221},[94,129752,43172],{"class":100},[94,129754,168],{"class":108},[94,129756,128481],{"class":152},[94,129758,149],{"class":108},[94,129760,332],{"class":331},[94,129762,60763],{"class":335},[94,129764,332],{"class":331},[94,129766,156],{"class":108},[94,129768,129769],{"class":104}," !=",[94,129771,2581],{"class":104},[94,129773,412],{"class":112},[94,129775,6726],{"class":108},[94,129777,129778,129780,129782,129784,129786,129788],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,129779,8404],{"class":145},[94,129781,149],{"class":108},[94,129783,332],{"class":331},[94,129785,129673],{"class":335},[94,129787,332],{"class":331},[94,129789,316],{"class":108},[94,129791,129792,129794],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,129793,27765],{"class":4221},[94,129795,6726],{"class":108},[94,129797,129798,129800,129802,129804,129806,129808],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,129799,8404],{"class":145},[94,129801,149],{"class":108},[94,129803,332],{"class":331},[94,129805,26646],{"class":335},[94,129807,332],{"class":331},[94,129809,316],{"class":108},[24,129811,129812],{},"You can also debug string search problems with simple checks like these:",[85,129814,129816],{"className":87,"code":129815,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(text.find('word'))\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.lower().find('word'))\nprint(len(text))\nprint(text.find('word', start, end))\n",[15,129817,129818,129840,129854,129880,129894],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,129819,129820,129822,129824,129826,129828,129830,129832,129834,129836,129838],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,129821,326],{"class":145},[94,129823,149],{"class":108},[94,129825,1817],{"class":152},[94,129827,168],{"class":108},[94,129829,128481],{"class":152},[94,129831,149],{"class":108},[94,129833,968],{"class":331},[94,129835,38721],{"class":335},[94,129837,968],{"class":331},[94,129839,921],{"class":108},[94,129841,129842,129844,129846,129848,129850,129852],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,129843,326],{"class":145},[94,129845,149],{"class":108},[94,129847,42110],{"class":145},[94,129849,149],{"class":108},[94,129851,1817],{"class":152},[94,129853,921],{"class":108},[94,129855,129856,129858,129860,129862,129864,129866,129868,129870,129872,129874,129876,129878],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,129857,326],{"class":145},[94,129859,149],{"class":108},[94,129861,1817],{"class":152},[94,129863,168],{"class":108},[94,129865,1378],{"class":152},[94,129867,8971],{"class":108},[94,129869,128481],{"class":152},[94,129871,149],{"class":108},[94,129873,968],{"class":331},[94,129875,38721],{"class":335},[94,129877,968],{"class":331},[94,129879,921],{"class":108},[94,129881,129882,129884,129886,129888,129890,129892],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,129883,326],{"class":145},[94,129885,149],{"class":108},[94,129887,11490],{"class":145},[94,129889,149],{"class":108},[94,129891,1817],{"class":152},[94,129893,921],{"class":108},[94,129895,129896,129898,129900,129902,129904,129906,129908,129910,129912,129914,129916,129918,129920,129922],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,129897,326],{"class":145},[94,129899,149],{"class":108},[94,129901,1817],{"class":152},[94,129903,168],{"class":108},[94,129905,128481],{"class":152},[94,129907,149],{"class":108},[94,129909,968],{"class":331},[94,129911,38721],{"class":335},[94,129913,968],{"class":331},[94,129915,116],{"class":108},[94,129917,36379],{"class":152},[94,129919,116],{"class":108},[94,129921,65364],{"class":152},[94,129923,921],{"class":108},[24,129925,129926],{},"These help you check:",[28,129928,129929,129934,129939,129944,129947],{},[31,129930,129931,129932],{},"The actual result from ",[15,129933,124451],{},[31,129935,129936,129937],{},"Hidden spaces or newline characters with ",[15,129938,122670],{},[31,129940,129941,129942],{},"Case differences with ",[15,129943,124186],{},[31,129945,129946],{},"The string length",[31,129948,129949,129950,1139,129952,129954],{},"Whether your ",[15,129951,36400],{},[15,129953,52990],{}," values are correct",[80,129956,2160],{"id":2159},[265,129958,129960,129961,129963],{"id":129959},"what-does-python-string-find-return-if-the-text-is-not-found","What does Python string ",[15,129962,124451],{}," return if the text is not found?",[24,129965,5485,129966,168],{},[15,129967,66178],{},[265,129969,13029,129971,129973],{"id":129970},"does-find-return-the-first-match-or-all-matches",[15,129972,124451],{}," return the first match or all matches?",[24,129975,129976],{},"It returns the index of the first match only.",[265,129978,129980,129981,124792],{"id":129979},"is-python-find-case-sensitive","Is Python ",[15,129982,124451],{},[24,129984,129985],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are treated as different.",[265,129987,5514,129989,1139,129991,69979],{"id":129988},"what-is-the-difference-between-find-and-index-in-python",[15,129990,124451],{},[15,129992,59292],{},[24,129994,129995,74,129997,129999,130000,52824,130002,168],{},[15,129996,124451],{},[15,129998,66178],{}," if not found, while ",[15,130001,59292],{},[15,130003,41034],{},[265,130005,2201,130007,130009],{"id":130006},"can-i-use-find-to-search-only-part-of-a-string",[15,130008,124451],{}," to search only part of a string?",[24,130011,130012,130013,1139,130015,66477],{},"Yes. Use the optional ",[15,130014,36400],{},[15,130016,52990],{},[80,130018,2232],{"id":2231},[28,130020,130021,130027,130033,130040,130046,130053,130057,130062],{},[31,130022,130023],{},[434,130024,126456,130025,567],{"href":124476},[15,130026,59292],{},[31,130028,130029],{},[434,130030,126456,130031,567],{"href":129143},[15,130032,60856],{},[31,130034,130035],{},[434,130036,126456,130038,567],{"href":130037},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method\u002F",[15,130039,124627],{},[31,130041,130042],{},[434,130043,126456,130044,567],{"href":127821},[15,130045,127824],{},[31,130047,130048],{},[434,130049,126456,130051,567],{"href":130050},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method\u002F",[15,130052,126514],{},[31,130054,130055],{},[434,130056,124855],{"href":123711},[31,130058,130059],{},[434,130060,130061],{"href":129139},"How to split a string in Python",[31,130063,130064],{},[434,130065,26453,130066],{"href":73806},[15,130067,129427],{},[2260,130069,130070],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":90,"searchDepth":130,"depth":130,"links":130072},[130073,130075,130078,130079,130080,130081,130083,130084,130085,130097],{"id":128557,"depth":130,"text":130074},"What find() does",{"id":2513,"depth":130,"text":2514,"children":130076},[130077],{"id":17723,"depth":137,"text":17724},{"id":38349,"depth":130,"text":38350},{"id":65730,"depth":130,"text":66513},{"id":124102,"depth":130,"text":124103},{"id":129284,"depth":130,"text":130082},"find() vs index()",{"id":41375,"depth":130,"text":41376},{"id":3185,"depth":130,"text":3186},{"id":2159,"depth":130,"text":2160,"children":130086},[130087,130089,130091,130093,130095],{"id":129959,"depth":137,"text":130088},"What does Python string find() return if the text is not found?",{"id":129970,"depth":137,"text":130090},"Does find() return the first match or all matches?",{"id":129979,"depth":137,"text":130092},"Is Python find() case-sensitive?",{"id":129988,"depth":137,"text":130094},"What is the difference between find() and index() in Python?",{"id":130006,"depth":137,"text":130096},"Can I use find() to search only part of a string?",{"id":2231,"depth":130,"text":2232},"Master python string find method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method",{"title":128429,"description":130098},"reference\u002Fpython-string-find-method","_aPlkKFn8WjvuACbSbsUyVsOgHW4RFMjM8HcjwccooM",{"id":130105,"title":130106,"body":130107,"description":132033,"extension":2319,"meta":132034,"navigation":133,"path":132035,"seo":132036,"stem":132037,"__hash__":132038},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method.md","Python String format() Method",{"type":7,"value":130108,"toc":132001},[130109,130114,130119,130122,130124,130200,130204,130232,130240,130244,130249,130253,130270,130272,130339,130343,130365,130373,130375,130378,130402,130405,130419,130421,130506,130510,130522,130525,130529,130535,130585,130589,130606,130615,130618,130626,130629,130678,130682,130707,130710,130765,130769,130781,130787,130791,130797,130802,130869,130873,130899,130902,130913,130915,130982,130986,131011,131018,131022,131027,131034,131042,131044,131096,131100,131118,131120,131165,131169,131184,131187,131197,131204,131206,131210,131213,131224,131226,131286,131290,131318,131321,131327,131332,131335,131339,131383,131386,131424,131427,131435,131437,131442,131446,131449,131497,131500,131503,131559,131563,131568,131571,131620,131622,131671,131677,131682,131684,131731,131735,131748,131750,131801,131807,131810,131814,131817,131823,131828,131830,131833,131905,131908,131925,131927,131932,131935,131939,131945,131951,131958,131964,131970,131972,131998],[10,130110,123456,130112,11651],{"id":130111},"python-string-format-method",[15,130113,126459],{},[24,130115,123461,130116,130118],{},[15,130117,126459],{}," method inserts values into a string by replacing placeholders.",[24,130120,130121],{},"It is a useful way to build readable messages without joining many strings together by hand.",[80,130123,2361],{"id":2360},[85,130125,130127],{"className":87,"code":130126,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 12\n\nmessage = \"My name is {} and I am {} years old.\".format(name, age)\nprint(message)\n",[15,130128,130129,130141,130149,130153,130190],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,130130,130131,130133,130135,130137,130139],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,130132,8211],{"class":100},[94,130134,105],{"class":104},[94,130136,1040],{"class":331},[94,130138,11839],{"class":335},[94,130140,1812],{"class":331},[94,130142,130143,130145,130147],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,130144,21959],{"class":100},[94,130146,105],{"class":104},[94,130148,89101],{"class":112},[94,130150,130151],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,130152,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,130154,130155,130157,130159,130161,130164,130166,130169,130171,130173,130175,130177,130180,130182,130184,130186,130188],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,130156,90308],{"class":100},[94,130158,105],{"class":104},[94,130160,1040],{"class":331},[94,130162,130163],{"class":335},"My name is ",[94,130165,4136],{"class":112},[94,130167,130168],{"class":335}," and I am ",[94,130170,4136],{"class":112},[94,130172,122452],{"class":335},[94,130174,332],{"class":331},[94,130176,168],{"class":108},[94,130178,130179],{"class":152},"format",[94,130181,149],{"class":108},[94,130183,8001],{"class":152},[94,130185,116],{"class":108},[94,130187,9521],{"class":152},[94,130189,316],{"class":108},[94,130191,130192,130194,130196,130198],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,130193,326],{"class":145},[94,130195,149],{"class":108},[94,130197,90325],{"class":152},[94,130199,316],{"class":108},[24,130201,130202],{},[43,130203,371],{},[85,130205,130207],{"className":87,"code":130206,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"My name is Maya and I am 12 years old.\n",[15,130208,130209],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,130210,130211,130214,130216,130219,130222,130225,130228,130230],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,130212,130213],{"class":100},"My name ",[94,130215,12519],{"class":104},[94,130217,130218],{"class":100}," Maya ",[94,130220,130221],{"class":104},"and",[94,130223,130224],{"class":100}," I am ",[94,130226,130227],{"class":112},"12",[94,130229,122485],{"class":100},[94,130231,122488],{"class":108},[24,130233,54,130234,130236,130237,130239],{},[15,130235,4136],{}," as placeholders, then pass values to ",[15,130238,126459],{}," in the same order.",[24,130241,125208,130242,168],{},[434,130243,125211],{"href":51306},[80,130245,13322,130247,13325],{"id":130246},"what-the-format-method-does",[15,130248,126459],{},[24,130250,2336,130251,11742],{},[15,130252,126459],{},[28,130254,130255,130258,130264,130267],{},[31,130256,130257],{},"inserts values into a string",[31,130259,130260,130261,130263],{},"replaces placeholders like ",[15,130262,4136],{}," with given values",[31,130265,130266],{},"returns a new string",[31,130268,130269],{},"does not change the original string",[24,130271,2566],{},[85,130273,130275],{"className":87,"code":130274,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\nnew_text = text.format(\"Sam\")\n\nprint(new_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,130276,130277,130291,130314,130318,130329],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,130278,130279,130281,130283,130285,130287,130289],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,130280,1803],{"class":100},[94,130282,105],{"class":104},[94,130284,1040],{"class":331},[94,130286,45233],{"class":335},[94,130288,4136],{"class":112},[94,130290,1812],{"class":331},[94,130292,130293,130296,130298,130300,130302,130304,130306,130308,130310,130312],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,130294,130295],{"class":100},"new_text ",[94,130297,105],{"class":104},[94,130299,43172],{"class":100},[94,130301,168],{"class":108},[94,130303,130179],{"class":152},[94,130305,149],{"class":108},[94,130307,332],{"class":331},[94,130309,8010],{"class":335},[94,130311,332],{"class":331},[94,130313,316],{"class":108},[94,130315,130316],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,130317,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,130319,130320,130322,130324,130327],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,130321,326],{"class":145},[94,130323,149],{"class":108},[94,130325,130326],{"class":152},"new_text",[94,130328,316],{"class":108},[94,130330,130331,130333,130335,130337],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,130332,326],{"class":145},[94,130334,149],{"class":108},[94,130336,1817],{"class":152},[94,130338,316],{"class":108},[24,130340,130341],{},[43,130342,371],{},[85,130344,130346],{"className":87,"code":130345,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"Hello, Sam\nHello, {}\n",[15,130347,130348,130357],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,130349,130350,130352,130354],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,130351,35196],{"class":100},[94,130353,116],{"class":108},[94,130355,130356],{"class":100}," Sam\n",[94,130358,130359,130361,130363],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,130360,35196],{"class":100},[94,130362,116],{"class":108},[94,130364,10170],{"class":108},[24,130366,974,130367,130369,130370,130372],{},[15,130368,1817],{}," stays the same. ",[15,130371,126459],{}," creates and returns a new string.",[80,130374,2514],{"id":2513},[24,130376,130377],{},"The general form is:",[85,130379,130381],{"className":87,"code":130380,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"\"text {}\".format(value)\n",[15,130382,130383],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,130384,130385,130387,130390,130392,130394,130396,130398,130400],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,130386,332],{"class":43659},[94,130388,130389],{"class":43663},"text {}",[94,130391,332],{"class":43659},[94,130393,168],{"class":108},[94,130395,130179],{"class":152},[94,130397,149],{"class":108},[94,130399,2829],{"class":152},[94,130401,316],{"class":108},[24,130403,130404],{},"Key idea:",[28,130406,130407,130413,130416],{},[31,130408,130409,130410,130412],{},"each ",[15,130411,4136],{}," is a placeholder",[31,130414,130415],{},"values are inserted from left to right by default",[31,130417,130418],{},"the number of placeholders should match the values you pass",[24,130420,2566],{},[85,130422,130424],{"className":87,"code":130423,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"animal = \"cat\"\nsound = \"meow\"\n\nsentence = \"The {} says {}.\".format(animal, sound)\nprint(sentence)\n",[15,130425,130426,130439,130453,130457,130495],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,130427,130428,130431,130433,130435,130437],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,130429,130430],{"class":100},"animal ",[94,130432,105],{"class":104},[94,130434,1040],{"class":331},[94,130436,37376],{"class":335},[94,130438,1812],{"class":331},[94,130440,130441,130444,130446,130448,130451],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,130442,130443],{"class":100},"sound ",[94,130445,105],{"class":104},[94,130447,1040],{"class":331},[94,130449,130450],{"class":335},"meow",[94,130452,1812],{"class":331},[94,130454,130455],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,130456,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,130458,130459,130462,130464,130466,130468,130470,130473,130475,130477,130479,130481,130483,130485,130488,130490,130493],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,130460,130461],{"class":100},"sentence ",[94,130463,105],{"class":104},[94,130465,1040],{"class":331},[94,130467,2336],{"class":335},[94,130469,4136],{"class":112},[94,130471,130472],{"class":335}," says ",[94,130474,4136],{"class":112},[94,130476,168],{"class":335},[94,130478,332],{"class":331},[94,130480,168],{"class":108},[94,130482,130179],{"class":152},[94,130484,149],{"class":108},[94,130486,130487],{"class":152},"animal",[94,130489,116],{"class":108},[94,130491,130492],{"class":152}," sound",[94,130494,316],{"class":108},[94,130496,130497,130499,130501,130504],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,130498,326],{"class":145},[94,130500,149],{"class":108},[94,130502,130503],{"class":152},"sentence",[94,130505,316],{"class":108},[24,130507,130508],{},[43,130509,371],{},[85,130511,130513],{"className":87,"code":130512,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"The cat says meow.\n",[15,130514,130515],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,130516,130517,130520],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,130518,130519],{"class":100},"The cat says meow",[94,130521,122488],{"class":108},[24,130523,130524],{},"You can print the result directly, or save it in a variable first.",[80,130526,130528],{"id":130527},"using-positional-placeholders","Using positional placeholders",[24,130530,130531,130532,130534],{},"You can use empty braces ",[15,130533,4136],{}," for simple left-to-right replacement.",[85,130536,130538],{"className":87,"code":130537,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(\"I like {} and {}.\".format(\"pizza\", \"pasta\"))\n",[15,130539,130540],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,130541,130542,130544,130546,130548,130551,130553,130555,130557,130559,130561,130563,130565,130567,130569,130572,130574,130576,130578,130581,130583],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,130543,326],{"class":145},[94,130545,149],{"class":108},[94,130547,332],{"class":331},[94,130549,130550],{"class":335},"I like ",[94,130552,4136],{"class":112},[94,130554,1139],{"class":335},[94,130556,4136],{"class":112},[94,130558,168],{"class":335},[94,130560,332],{"class":331},[94,130562,168],{"class":108},[94,130564,130179],{"class":152},[94,130566,149],{"class":108},[94,130568,332],{"class":331},[94,130570,130571],{"class":335},"pizza",[94,130573,332],{"class":331},[94,130575,116],{"class":108},[94,130577,1040],{"class":331},[94,130579,130580],{"class":335},"pasta",[94,130582,332],{"class":331},[94,130584,921],{"class":108},[24,130586,130587],{},[43,130588,371],{},[85,130590,130592],{"className":87,"code":130591,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"I like pizza and pasta.\n",[15,130593,130594],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,130595,130596,130599,130601,130604],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,130597,130598],{"class":100},"I like pizza ",[94,130600,130221],{"class":104},[94,130602,130603],{"class":100}," pasta",[94,130605,122488],{"class":108},[24,130607,130608,130609,1139,130612,168],{},"You can also use numbered placeholders like ",[15,130610,130611],{},"{0}",[15,130613,130614],{},"{1}",[24,130616,130617],{},"This is helpful when:",[28,130619,130620,130623],{},[31,130621,130622],{},"you want to reuse a value",[31,130624,130625],{},"you want to change the order",[24,130627,130628],{},"Example with reused values:",[85,130630,130632],{"className":87,"code":130631,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"{0} is learning Python. {0} likes coding.\".format(\"Lina\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130633,130634,130668],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,130635,130636,130638,130640,130642,130644,130647,130649,130652,130654,130656,130658,130660,130662,130664,130666],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,130637,1803],{"class":100},[94,130639,105],{"class":104},[94,130641,1040],{"class":331},[94,130643,130611],{"class":112},[94,130645,130646],{"class":335}," is learning Python. ",[94,130648,130611],{"class":112},[94,130650,130651],{"class":335}," likes coding.",[94,130653,332],{"class":331},[94,130655,168],{"class":108},[94,130657,130179],{"class":152},[94,130659,149],{"class":108},[94,130661,332],{"class":331},[94,130663,20213],{"class":335},[94,130665,332],{"class":331},[94,130667,316],{"class":108},[94,130669,130670,130672,130674,130676],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,130671,326],{"class":145},[94,130673,149],{"class":108},[94,130675,1817],{"class":152},[94,130677,316],{"class":108},[24,130679,130680],{},[43,130681,371],{},[85,130683,130685],{"className":87,"code":130684,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"Lina is learning Python. Lina likes coding.\n",[15,130686,130687],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,130688,130689,130692,130694,130697,130699,130702,130705],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,130690,130691],{"class":100},"Lina ",[94,130693,12519],{"class":104},[94,130695,130696],{"class":100}," learning Python",[94,130698,168],{"class":108},[94,130700,130701],{"class":1377}," Lina",[94,130703,130704],{"class":100}," likes coding",[94,130706,122488],{"class":108},[24,130708,130709],{},"Example with changed order:",[85,130711,130713],{"className":87,"code":130712,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"{1} comes after {0}.\".format(\"one\", \"two\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130714,130715,130755],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,130716,130717,130719,130721,130723,130725,130727,130729,130731,130733,130735,130737,130739,130741,130743,130745,130747,130749,130751,130753],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,130718,1803],{"class":100},[94,130720,105],{"class":104},[94,130722,1040],{"class":331},[94,130724,130614],{"class":112},[94,130726,83630],{"class":335},[94,130728,130611],{"class":112},[94,130730,168],{"class":335},[94,130732,332],{"class":331},[94,130734,168],{"class":108},[94,130736,130179],{"class":152},[94,130738,149],{"class":108},[94,130740,332],{"class":331},[94,130742,6917],{"class":335},[94,130744,332],{"class":331},[94,130746,116],{"class":108},[94,130748,1040],{"class":331},[94,130750,79579],{"class":335},[94,130752,332],{"class":331},[94,130754,316],{"class":108},[94,130756,130757,130759,130761,130763],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,130758,326],{"class":145},[94,130760,149],{"class":108},[94,130762,1817],{"class":152},[94,130764,316],{"class":108},[24,130766,130767],{},[43,130768,371],{},[85,130770,130772],{"className":87,"code":130771,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"two comes after one.\n",[15,130773,130774],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,130775,130776,130779],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,130777,130778],{"class":100},"two comes after one",[94,130780,122488],{"class":108},[24,130782,130783,130784,130786],{},"Numbered placeholders work, but for beginners, plain ",[15,130785,4136],{}," is often easier to read unless you need to reuse values.",[80,130788,130790],{"id":130789},"using-named-placeholders","Using named placeholders",[24,130792,130793,130794,168],{},"Named placeholders look like ",[15,130795,130796],{},"{name}",[24,130798,130799,130800,384],{},"You pass matching names into ",[15,130801,126459],{},[85,130803,130805],{"className":87,"code":130804,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"My name is {name} and I live in {city}.\".format(name=\"Ana\", city=\"Lima\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130806,130807,130859],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,130808,130809,130811,130813,130815,130817,130819,130822,130825,130827,130829,130831,130833,130835,130837,130839,130841,130843,130845,130847,130849,130851,130853,130855,130857],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,130810,1803],{"class":100},[94,130812,105],{"class":104},[94,130814,1040],{"class":331},[94,130816,130163],{"class":335},[94,130818,130796],{"class":112},[94,130820,130821],{"class":335}," and I live in ",[94,130823,130824],{"class":112},"{city}",[94,130826,168],{"class":335},[94,130828,332],{"class":331},[94,130830,168],{"class":108},[94,130832,130179],{"class":152},[94,130834,149],{"class":108},[94,130836,8001],{"class":1218},[94,130838,105],{"class":104},[94,130840,332],{"class":331},[94,130842,13206],{"class":335},[94,130844,332],{"class":331},[94,130846,116],{"class":108},[94,130848,31716],{"class":1218},[94,130850,105],{"class":104},[94,130852,332],{"class":331},[94,130854,16359],{"class":335},[94,130856,332],{"class":331},[94,130858,316],{"class":108},[94,130860,130861,130863,130865,130867],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,130862,326],{"class":145},[94,130864,149],{"class":108},[94,130866,1817],{"class":152},[94,130868,316],{"class":108},[24,130870,130871],{},[43,130872,371],{},[85,130874,130876],{"className":87,"code":130875,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"My name is Ana and I live in Lima.\n",[15,130877,130878],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,130879,130880,130882,130884,130887,130889,130892,130894,130897],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,130881,130213],{"class":100},[94,130883,12519],{"class":104},[94,130885,130886],{"class":100}," Ana ",[94,130888,130221],{"class":104},[94,130890,130891],{"class":100}," I live ",[94,130893,4228],{"class":104},[94,130895,130896],{"class":100}," Lima",[94,130898,122488],{"class":108},[24,130900,130901],{},"Named placeholders are useful because:",[28,130903,130904,130907,130910],{},[31,130905,130906],{},"they make code easier to read",[31,130908,130909],{},"they help when a string has many values",[31,130911,130912],{},"they reduce confusion about the order",[24,130914,2566],{},[85,130916,130918],{"className":87,"code":130917,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"report = \"Student: {student}, Score: {score}\".format(student=\"Noah\", score=95)\nprint(report)\n",[15,130919,130920,130972],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,130921,130922,130925,130927,130929,130932,130935,130938,130941,130943,130945,130947,130949,130951,130953,130955,130958,130960,130962,130965,130967,130970],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,130923,130924],{"class":100},"report ",[94,130926,105],{"class":104},[94,130928,1040],{"class":331},[94,130930,130931],{"class":335},"Student: ",[94,130933,130934],{"class":112},"{student}",[94,130936,130937],{"class":335},", Score: ",[94,130939,130940],{"class":112},"{score}",[94,130942,332],{"class":331},[94,130944,168],{"class":108},[94,130946,130179],{"class":152},[94,130948,149],{"class":108},[94,130950,13953],{"class":1218},[94,130952,105],{"class":104},[94,130954,332],{"class":331},[94,130956,130957],{"class":335},"Noah",[94,130959,332],{"class":331},[94,130961,116],{"class":108},[94,130963,130964],{"class":1218}," score",[94,130966,105],{"class":104},[94,130968,130969],{"class":112},"95",[94,130971,316],{"class":108},[94,130973,130974,130976,130978,130980],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,130975,326],{"class":145},[94,130977,149],{"class":108},[94,130979,128169],{"class":152},[94,130981,316],{"class":108},[24,130983,130984],{},[43,130985,371],{},[85,130987,130989],{"className":87,"code":130988,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"Student: Noah, Score: 95\n",[15,130990,130991],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,130992,130993,130996,130998,131001,131003,131006,131008],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,130994,130995],{"class":100},"Student",[94,130997,384],{"class":108},[94,130999,131000],{"class":100}," Noah",[94,131002,116],{"class":108},[94,131004,131005],{"class":100}," Score",[94,131007,384],{"class":108},[94,131009,131010],{"class":112}," 95\n",[24,131012,131013,131014,168],{},"If you need to convert a value to text first, see ",[434,131015,13,131016,439],{"href":42505},[15,131017,48015],{},[80,131019,131021],{"id":131020},"formatting-numbers","Formatting numbers",[24,131023,131024,131026],{},[15,131025,126459],{}," can also control how numbers look.",[24,131028,131029,131030,131033],{},"A common example is ",[15,131031,131032],{},":.2f",", which means:",[28,131035,131036,131039],{},[31,131037,131038],{},"show the value as a floating-point number",[31,131040,131041],{},"keep 2 digits after the decimal point",[24,131043,2566],{},[85,131045,131047],{"className":87,"code":131046,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"price = 3.5\ntext = \"Price: ${:.2f}\".format(price)\nprint(text)\n",[15,131048,131049,131057,131086],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,131050,131051,131053,131055],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,131052,40717],{"class":100},[94,131054,105],{"class":104},[94,131056,49607],{"class":112},[94,131058,131059,131061,131063,131065,131068,131070,131072,131074,131076,131078,131080,131082,131084],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,131060,1803],{"class":100},[94,131062,105],{"class":104},[94,131064,1040],{"class":331},[94,131066,131067],{"class":335},"Price: $",[94,131069,9610],{"class":112},[94,131071,131032],{"class":958},[94,131073,22634],{"class":112},[94,131075,332],{"class":331},[94,131077,168],{"class":108},[94,131079,130179],{"class":152},[94,131081,149],{"class":108},[94,131083,25481],{"class":152},[94,131085,316],{"class":108},[94,131087,131088,131090,131092,131094],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,131089,326],{"class":145},[94,131091,149],{"class":108},[94,131093,1817],{"class":152},[94,131095,316],{"class":108},[24,131097,131098],{},[43,131099,371],{},[85,131101,131103],{"className":87,"code":131102,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"Price: $3.50\n",[15,131104,131105],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,131106,131107,131110,131112,131115],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,131108,131109],{"class":100},"Price",[94,131111,384],{"class":108},[94,131113,131114],{"class":37696}," $",[94,131116,131117],{"class":112},"3.50\n",[24,131119,52409],{},[85,131121,131123],{"className":87,"code":131122,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"average = 91.236\nprint(\"Average: {:.2f}\".format(average))\n",[15,131124,131125,131135],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,131126,131127,131130,131132],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,131128,131129],{"class":100},"average ",[94,131131,105],{"class":104},[94,131133,131134],{"class":112}," 91.236\n",[94,131136,131137,131139,131141,131143,131146,131148,131150,131152,131154,131156,131158,131160,131163],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,131138,326],{"class":145},[94,131140,149],{"class":108},[94,131142,332],{"class":331},[94,131144,131145],{"class":335},"Average: ",[94,131147,9610],{"class":112},[94,131149,131032],{"class":958},[94,131151,22634],{"class":112},[94,131153,332],{"class":331},[94,131155,168],{"class":108},[94,131157,130179],{"class":152},[94,131159,149],{"class":108},[94,131161,131162],{"class":152},"average",[94,131164,921],{"class":108},[24,131166,131167],{},[43,131168,371],{},[85,131170,131172],{"className":87,"code":131171,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"Average: 91.24\n",[15,131173,131174],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,131175,131176,131179,131181],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,131177,131178],{"class":100},"Average",[94,131180,384],{"class":108},[94,131182,131183],{"class":112}," 91.24\n",[24,131185,131186],{},"This is useful for:",[28,131188,131189,131191,131194],{},[31,131190,83388],{},[31,131192,131193],{},"averages",[31,131195,131196],{},"percentages",[24,131198,131199,131200,168],{},"You can print formatted text with the ",[434,131201,13,131202,2660],{"href":46780},[15,131203,46783],{},[80,131205,17748],{"id":17747},[24,131207,131208,92822],{},[15,131209,126459],{},[24,131211,131212],{},"That means you can:",[28,131214,131215,131218,131221],{},[31,131216,131217],{},"save it in a variable",[31,131219,131220],{},"print it directly",[31,131222,131223],{},"use it anywhere a string is needed",[24,131225,2566],{},[85,131227,131229],{"className":87,"code":131228,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"message = \"Hello, {}!\".format(\"Chris\")\nprint(message)\nprint(type(message))\n",[15,131230,131231,131262,131272],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,131232,131233,131235,131237,131239,131241,131243,131245,131247,131249,131251,131253,131255,131258,131260],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,131234,90308],{"class":100},[94,131236,105],{"class":104},[94,131238,1040],{"class":331},[94,131240,45233],{"class":335},[94,131242,4136],{"class":112},[94,131244,90150],{"class":335},[94,131246,332],{"class":331},[94,131248,168],{"class":108},[94,131250,130179],{"class":152},[94,131252,149],{"class":108},[94,131254,332],{"class":331},[94,131256,131257],{"class":335},"Chris",[94,131259,332],{"class":331},[94,131261,316],{"class":108},[94,131263,131264,131266,131268,131270],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,131265,326],{"class":145},[94,131267,149],{"class":108},[94,131269,90325],{"class":152},[94,131271,316],{"class":108},[94,131273,131274,131276,131278,131280,131282,131284],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,131275,326],{"class":145},[94,131277,149],{"class":108},[94,131279,914],{"class":913},[94,131281,149],{"class":108},[94,131283,90325],{"class":152},[94,131285,921],{"class":108},[24,131287,131288],{},[43,131289,371],{},[85,131291,131293],{"className":87,"code":131292,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"Hello, Chris!\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,131294,131295,131304],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,131296,131297,131299,131301],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,131298,35196],{"class":100},[94,131300,116],{"class":108},[94,131302,131303],{"class":100}," Chris!\n",[94,131305,131306,131308,131310,131312,131314,131316],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,131307,955],{"class":104},[94,131309,959],{"class":958},[94,131311,962],{"class":331},[94,131313,1372],{"class":335},[94,131315,968],{"class":331},[94,131317,971],{"class":104},[24,131319,131320],{},"The original string is not changed.",[80,131322,131324,131326],{"id":131323},"format-vs-f-strings",[15,131325,126459],{}," vs f-strings",[24,131328,131329,131331],{},[15,131330,126459],{}," is a string method.",[24,131333,131334],{},"Python also has f-strings, which are another way to insert values into strings.",[24,131336,46372,131337,384],{},[15,131338,126459],{},[85,131340,131342],{"className":87,"code":131341,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(\"Hello, {}!\".format(name))\n",[15,131343,131344,131357],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,131345,131346,131348,131350,131352,131355],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,131347,8211],{"class":100},[94,131349,105],{"class":104},[94,131351,1040],{"class":331},[94,131353,131354],{"class":335},"Rita",[94,131356,1812],{"class":331},[94,131358,131359,131361,131363,131365,131367,131369,131371,131373,131375,131377,131379,131381],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,131360,326],{"class":145},[94,131362,149],{"class":108},[94,131364,332],{"class":331},[94,131366,45233],{"class":335},[94,131368,4136],{"class":112},[94,131370,90150],{"class":335},[94,131372,332],{"class":331},[94,131374,168],{"class":108},[94,131376,130179],{"class":152},[94,131378,149],{"class":108},[94,131380,8001],{"class":152},[94,131382,921],{"class":108},[24,131384,131385],{},"Example with an f-string:",[85,131387,131389],{"className":87,"code":131388,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(f\"Hello, {name}!\")\n",[15,131390,131391,131403],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,131392,131393,131395,131397,131399,131401],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,131394,8211],{"class":100},[94,131396,105],{"class":104},[94,131398,1040],{"class":331},[94,131400,131354],{"class":335},[94,131402,1812],{"class":331},[94,131404,131405,131407,131409,131411,131413,131415,131417,131419,131422],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,131406,326],{"class":145},[94,131408,149],{"class":108},[94,131410,22625],{"class":958},[94,131412,43677],{"class":335},[94,131414,9610],{"class":112},[94,131416,8001],{"class":152},[94,131418,22634],{"class":112},[94,131420,131421],{"class":335},"!\"",[94,131423,316],{"class":108},[24,131425,131426],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are shorter and easier to read.",[24,131428,131429,131430,131432,131433,168],{},"This page focuses on how ",[15,131431,126459],{}," works. If you want the bigger picture, read ",[434,131434,89995],{"href":89994},[80,131436,3186],{"id":3185},[24,131438,131439,131440,168],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when using ",[15,131441,126459],{},[265,131443,131445],{"id":131444},"using-more-placeholders-than-values","Using more placeholders than values",[24,131447,131448],{},"This causes an error because Python cannot fill every placeholder.",[85,131450,131452],{"className":87,"code":131451,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131453,131454,131487],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,131455,131456,131458,131460,131462,131464,131466,131469,131471,131473,131475,131477,131479,131481,131483,131485],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,131457,1803],{"class":100},[94,131459,105],{"class":104},[94,131461,1040],{"class":331},[94,131463,45233],{"class":335},[94,131465,4136],{"class":112},[94,131467,131468],{"class":112}," {}",[94,131470,90150],{"class":335},[94,131472,332],{"class":331},[94,131474,168],{"class":108},[94,131476,130179],{"class":152},[94,131478,149],{"class":108},[94,131480,332],{"class":331},[94,131482,8010],{"class":335},[94,131484,332],{"class":331},[94,131486,316],{"class":108},[94,131488,131489,131491,131493,131495],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,131490,326],{"class":145},[94,131492,149],{"class":108},[94,131494,1817],{"class":152},[94,131496,316],{"class":108},[24,131498,131499],{},"You need to pass enough values for all placeholders.",[24,131501,131502],{},"Fixed version:",[85,131504,131506],{"className":87,"code":131505,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\", \"Lee\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131507,131508,131549],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,131509,131510,131512,131514,131516,131518,131520,131522,131524,131526,131528,131530,131532,131534,131536,131538,131540,131542,131545,131547],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,131511,1803],{"class":100},[94,131513,105],{"class":104},[94,131515,1040],{"class":331},[94,131517,45233],{"class":335},[94,131519,4136],{"class":112},[94,131521,131468],{"class":112},[94,131523,90150],{"class":335},[94,131525,332],{"class":331},[94,131527,168],{"class":108},[94,131529,130179],{"class":152},[94,131531,149],{"class":108},[94,131533,332],{"class":331},[94,131535,8010],{"class":335},[94,131537,332],{"class":331},[94,131539,116],{"class":108},[94,131541,1040],{"class":331},[94,131543,131544],{"class":335},"Lee",[94,131546,332],{"class":331},[94,131548,316],{"class":108},[94,131550,131551,131553,131555,131557],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,131552,326],{"class":145},[94,131554,149],{"class":108},[94,131556,1817],{"class":152},[94,131558,316],{"class":108},[265,131560,131562],{"id":131561},"using-the-wrong-placeholder-name","Using the wrong placeholder name",[24,131564,131565,131566,168],{},"The name inside the braces must match the name passed to ",[15,131567,126459],{},[24,131569,131570],{},"Problem:",[85,131572,131574],{"className":87,"code":131573,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(username=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131575,131576,131610],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,131577,131578,131580,131582,131584,131586,131588,131590,131592,131594,131596,131598,131600,131602,131604,131606,131608],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,131579,1803],{"class":100},[94,131581,105],{"class":104},[94,131583,1040],{"class":331},[94,131585,45233],{"class":335},[94,131587,130796],{"class":112},[94,131589,90150],{"class":335},[94,131591,332],{"class":331},[94,131593,168],{"class":108},[94,131595,130179],{"class":152},[94,131597,149],{"class":108},[94,131599,8320],{"class":1218},[94,131601,105],{"class":104},[94,131603,332],{"class":331},[94,131605,8010],{"class":335},[94,131607,332],{"class":331},[94,131609,316],{"class":108},[94,131611,131612,131614,131616,131618],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,131613,326],{"class":145},[94,131615,149],{"class":108},[94,131617,1817],{"class":152},[94,131619,316],{"class":108},[24,131621,131502],{},[85,131623,131625],{"className":87,"code":131624,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(name=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131626,131627,131661],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,131628,131629,131631,131633,131635,131637,131639,131641,131643,131645,131647,131649,131651,131653,131655,131657,131659],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,131630,1803],{"class":100},[94,131632,105],{"class":104},[94,131634,1040],{"class":331},[94,131636,45233],{"class":335},[94,131638,130796],{"class":112},[94,131640,90150],{"class":335},[94,131642,332],{"class":331},[94,131644,168],{"class":108},[94,131646,130179],{"class":152},[94,131648,149],{"class":108},[94,131650,8001],{"class":1218},[94,131652,105],{"class":104},[94,131654,332],{"class":331},[94,131656,8010],{"class":335},[94,131658,332],{"class":331},[94,131660,316],{"class":108},[94,131662,131663,131665,131667,131669],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,131664,326],{"class":145},[94,131666,149],{"class":108},[94,131668,1817],{"class":152},[94,131670,316],{"class":108},[265,131672,8786,131674,131676],{"id":131673},"expecting-format-to-change-the-original-string",[15,131675,126459],{}," to change the original string",[24,131678,131679,131681],{},[15,131680,126459],{}," does not modify the original string.",[24,131683,131570],{},[85,131685,131687],{"className":87,"code":131686,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131688,131689,131703,131721],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,131690,131691,131693,131695,131697,131699,131701],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,131692,1803],{"class":100},[94,131694,105],{"class":104},[94,131696,1040],{"class":331},[94,131698,45233],{"class":335},[94,131700,4136],{"class":112},[94,131702,1812],{"class":331},[94,131704,131705,131707,131709,131711,131713,131715,131717,131719],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,131706,1817],{"class":100},[94,131708,168],{"class":108},[94,131710,130179],{"class":152},[94,131712,149],{"class":108},[94,131714,332],{"class":331},[94,131716,8010],{"class":335},[94,131718,332],{"class":331},[94,131720,316],{"class":108},[94,131722,131723,131725,131727,131729],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,131724,326],{"class":145},[94,131726,149],{"class":108},[94,131728,1817],{"class":152},[94,131730,316],{"class":108},[24,131732,131733],{},[43,131734,371],{},[85,131736,131738],{"className":87,"code":131737,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"Hello, {}\n",[15,131739,131740],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,131741,131742,131744,131746],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,131743,35196],{"class":100},[94,131745,116],{"class":108},[94,131747,10170],{"class":108},[24,131749,131502],{},[85,131751,131753],{"className":87,"code":131752,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext = text.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131754,131755,131769,131791],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,131756,131757,131759,131761,131763,131765,131767],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,131758,1803],{"class":100},[94,131760,105],{"class":104},[94,131762,1040],{"class":331},[94,131764,45233],{"class":335},[94,131766,4136],{"class":112},[94,131768,1812],{"class":331},[94,131770,131771,131773,131775,131777,131779,131781,131783,131785,131787,131789],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,131772,1803],{"class":100},[94,131774,105],{"class":104},[94,131776,43172],{"class":100},[94,131778,168],{"class":108},[94,131780,130179],{"class":152},[94,131782,149],{"class":108},[94,131784,332],{"class":331},[94,131786,8010],{"class":335},[94,131788,332],{"class":331},[94,131790,316],{"class":108},[94,131792,131793,131795,131797,131799],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,131794,326],{"class":145},[94,131796,149],{"class":108},[94,131798,1817],{"class":152},[94,131800,316],{"class":108},[265,131802,5047,131804,131806],{"id":131803},"forgetting-that-format-returns-a-new-string",[15,131805,126459],{}," returns a new string",[24,131808,131809],{},"This is similar to the problem above. Always store the result if you need to use it later.",[265,131811,131813],{"id":131812},"mixing-placeholder-indexes-in-a-confusing-way","Mixing placeholder indexes in a confusing way",[24,131815,131816],{},"Numbered placeholders can be useful, but too much mixing can make the string harder to understand.",[24,131818,131819,131820,131822],{},"Use simple ",[15,131821,4136],{}," or named placeholders when possible.",[24,131824,131825,131826,168],{},"If you are trying to join strings and numbers directly, you may also see ",[434,131827,90707],{"href":90706},[80,131829,68219],{"id":68218},[24,131831,131832],{},"These simple lines can help you test what is happening:",[85,131834,131836],{"className":87,"code":131835,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(text)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(\"Hello {}\".format(\"Sam\"))\nhelp(str.format)\n",[15,131837,131838,131848,131862,131891],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,131839,131840,131842,131844,131846],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,131841,326],{"class":145},[94,131843,149],{"class":108},[94,131845,1817],{"class":152},[94,131847,316],{"class":108},[94,131849,131850,131852,131854,131856,131858,131860],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,131851,326],{"class":145},[94,131853,149],{"class":108},[94,131855,914],{"class":913},[94,131857,149],{"class":108},[94,131859,2829],{"class":152},[94,131861,921],{"class":108},[94,131863,131864,131866,131868,131870,131873,131875,131877,131879,131881,131883,131885,131887,131889],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,131865,326],{"class":145},[94,131867,149],{"class":108},[94,131869,332],{"class":331},[94,131871,131872],{"class":335},"Hello ",[94,131874,4136],{"class":112},[94,131876,332],{"class":331},[94,131878,168],{"class":108},[94,131880,130179],{"class":152},[94,131882,149],{"class":108},[94,131884,332],{"class":331},[94,131886,8010],{"class":335},[94,131888,332],{"class":331},[94,131890,921],{"class":108},[94,131892,131893,131895,131897,131899,131901,131903],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,131894,2080],{"class":145},[94,131896,149],{"class":108},[94,131898,1372],{"class":913},[94,131900,168],{"class":108},[94,131902,130179],{"class":1377},[94,131904,316],{"class":108},[24,131906,131907],{},"Use them to check:",[28,131909,131910,131913,131916,131919],{},[31,131911,131912],{},"what your string looks like before and after formatting",[31,131914,131915],{},"what type your value has",[31,131917,131918],{},"whether a small test example works",[31,131920,131921,131922],{},"Python’s built-in help for ",[15,131923,131924],{},"str.format",[80,131926,2160],{"id":2159},[265,131928,129960,131930,13041],{"id":131929},"what-does-python-string-format-return",[15,131931,126459],{},[24,131933,131934],{},"It returns a new string with the placeholders replaced.",[265,131936,131938],{"id":131937},"do-i-need-to-use-numbers-inside-the-braces","Do I need to use numbers inside the braces?",[24,131940,131941,131942,131944],{},"No. You can use plain ",[15,131943,4136],{}," for simple cases, or numbered and named placeholders when needed.",[265,131946,131948,131949,2170],{"id":131947},"can-i-format-numbers-with-format","Can I format numbers with ",[15,131950,126459],{},[24,131952,131953,131954,131957],{},"Yes. A common example is ",[15,131955,131956],{},"\"{:.2f}\""," to show 2 decimal places.",[265,131959,15230,131961,131963],{"id":131960},"is-format-better-than-f-strings",[15,131962,126459],{}," better than f-strings?",[24,131965,131966,131967,131969],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are easier to read, but ",[15,131968,126459],{}," is still useful and common.",[80,131971,2232],{"id":2231},[28,131973,131974,131978,131982,131988,131994],{},[31,131975,131976],{},[434,131977,125211],{"href":51306},[31,131979,131980],{},[434,131981,90984],{"href":89994},[31,131983,131984],{},[434,131985,13,131986,439],{"href":46780},[15,131987,46783],{},[31,131989,131990],{},[434,131991,13,131992,439],{"href":42505},[15,131993,48015],{},[31,131995,131996],{},[434,131997,90707],{"href":90706},[2260,131999,132000],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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.sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":90,"searchDepth":130,"depth":130,"links":132002},[132003,132004,132006,132007,132008,132009,132010,132011,132013,132022,132023,132032],{"id":2360,"depth":130,"text":2361},{"id":130246,"depth":130,"text":132005},"What the format() method does",{"id":2513,"depth":130,"text":2514},{"id":130527,"depth":130,"text":130528},{"id":130789,"depth":130,"text":130790},{"id":131020,"depth":130,"text":131021},{"id":17747,"depth":130,"text":17748},{"id":131323,"depth":130,"text":132012},"format() vs f-strings",{"id":3185,"depth":130,"text":3186,"children":132014},[132015,132016,132017,132019,132021],{"id":131444,"depth":137,"text":131445},{"id":131561,"depth":137,"text":131562},{"id":131673,"depth":137,"text":132018},"Expecting format() to change the original string",{"id":131803,"depth":137,"text":132020},"Forgetting that format() returns a new string",{"id":131812,"depth":137,"text":131813},{"id":68218,"depth":130,"text":68219},{"id":2159,"depth":130,"text":2160,"children":132024},[132025,132027,132028,132030],{"id":131929,"depth":137,"text":132026},"What does Python string format() return?",{"id":131937,"depth":137,"text":131938},{"id":131947,"depth":137,"text":132029},"Can I format numbers with format()?",{"id":131960,"depth":137,"text":132031},"Is format() better than f-strings?",{"id":2231,"depth":130,"text":2232},"Master python string format method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method",{"title":130106,"description":132033},"reference\u002Fpython-string-format-method","3OFzHK3_StgzrEcYSZF3SLkvZkvBMBNZ1KeFd0x5PgM",{"id":132040,"title":132041,"body":132042,"description":133522,"extension":2319,"meta":133523,"navigation":133,"path":133524,"seo":133525,"stem":133526,"__hash__":133527},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method.md","Python String index() Method",{"type":7,"value":132043,"toc":133494},[132044,132049,132054,132059,132061,132123,132130,132136,132141,132143,132159,132161,132232,132234,132248,132251,132301,132303,132305,132332,132335,132350,132353,132394,132397,132442,132449,132498,132500,132508,132510,132528,132530,132623,132631,132672,132677,132684,132690,132697,132700,132704,132805,132807,132829,132833,132886,132889,132892,132898,132905,132907,132946,132948,132966,132976,132983,133066,133069,133076,133083,133090,133094,133102,133148,133152,133161,133226,133231,133236,133247,133249,133254,133281,133283,133386,133389,133409,133411,133416,133419,133423,133427,133434,133443,133449,133452,133458,133460,133462,133491],[10,132045,123456,132047,11651],{"id":132046},"python-string-index-method",[15,132048,59292],{},[24,132050,123461,132051,132053],{},[15,132052,59292],{}," method returns the position of the first match inside a string.",[24,132055,132056,132057,168],{},"Use it when you want to find where a character or substring appears, and you expect that value to be present. If Python cannot find the value, it raises a ",[15,132058,41034],{},[80,132060,2361],{"id":2360},[85,132062,132064],{"className":87,"code":132063,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.index(\"world\")\nprint(position)\n\n# Output:\n# 6\n",[15,132065,132066,132078,132100,132110,132114,132118],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,132067,132068,132070,132072,132074,132076],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,132069,1803],{"class":100},[94,132071,105],{"class":104},[94,132073,1040],{"class":331},[94,132075,60731],{"class":335},[94,132077,1812],{"class":331},[94,132079,132080,132082,132084,132086,132088,132090,132092,132094,132096,132098],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,132081,65243],{"class":100},[94,132083,105],{"class":104},[94,132085,43172],{"class":100},[94,132087,168],{"class":108},[94,132089,36174],{"class":152},[94,132091,149],{"class":108},[94,132093,332],{"class":331},[94,132095,60916],{"class":335},[94,132097,332],{"class":331},[94,132099,316],{"class":108},[94,132101,132102,132104,132106,132108],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,132103,326],{"class":145},[94,132105,149],{"class":108},[94,132107,65270],{"class":152},[94,132109,316],{"class":108},[94,132111,132112],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,132113,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,132115,132116],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,132117,91125],{"class":159},[94,132119,132120],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,132121,132122],{"class":159},"# 6\n",[24,132124,54,132125,132127,132128,168],{},[15,132126,59292],{}," when you want the position of a substring and expect it to exist. If the value is missing, Python raises a ",[15,132129,41034],{},[80,132131,215,132133,218],{"id":132132},"what-strindex-does",[15,132134,132135],{},"str.index()",[24,132137,132138,132140],{},[15,132139,132135],{}," searches a string and gives back the position of the first match.",[24,132142,13378],{},[28,132144,132145,132148,132151,132154],{},[31,132146,132147],{},"It returns the position of the first match in a string",[31,132149,132150],{},"It works with a single character or a longer substring",[31,132152,132153],{},"The search is case-sensitive",[31,132155,30624,132156,132158],{},[15,132157,41034],{}," if the substring is not found",[24,132160,2566],{},[85,132162,132164],{"className":87,"code":132163,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))     # 1\nprint(text.index(\"na\"))    # 2\n",[15,132165,132166,132178,132182,132207],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,132167,132168,132170,132172,132174,132176],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,132169,1803],{"class":100},[94,132171,105],{"class":104},[94,132173,1040],{"class":331},[94,132175,4432],{"class":335},[94,132177,1812],{"class":331},[94,132179,132180],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,132181,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,132183,132184,132186,132188,132190,132192,132194,132196,132198,132200,132202,132204],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,132185,326],{"class":145},[94,132187,149],{"class":108},[94,132189,1817],{"class":152},[94,132191,168],{"class":108},[94,132193,36174],{"class":152},[94,132195,149],{"class":108},[94,132197,332],{"class":331},[94,132199,434],{"class":335},[94,132201,332],{"class":331},[94,132203,5693],{"class":108},[94,132205,132206],{"class":159},"     # 1\n",[94,132208,132209,132211,132213,132215,132217,132219,132221,132223,132225,132227,132229],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,132210,326],{"class":145},[94,132212,149],{"class":108},[94,132214,1817],{"class":152},[94,132216,168],{"class":108},[94,132218,36174],{"class":152},[94,132220,149],{"class":108},[94,132222,332],{"class":331},[94,132224,123549],{"class":335},[94,132226,332],{"class":331},[94,132228,5693],{"class":108},[94,132230,132231],{"class":159},"    # 2\n",[24,132233,2536],{},[28,132235,132236,132242],{},[31,132237,132238,128669,132240],{},[15,132239,18426],{},[15,132241,412],{},[31,132243,132244,128669,132246],{},[15,132245,128668],{},[15,132247,763],{},[24,132249,132250],{},"Case sensitivity matters:",[85,132252,132254],{"className":87,"code":132253,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"Hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"H\"))   # 0\n# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[15,132255,132256,132268,132272,132296],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,132257,132258,132260,132262,132264,132266],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,132259,1803],{"class":100},[94,132261,105],{"class":104},[94,132263,1040],{"class":331},[94,132265,35196],{"class":335},[94,132267,1812],{"class":331},[94,132269,132270],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,132271,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,132273,132274,132276,132278,132280,132282,132284,132286,132288,132290,132292,132294],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,132275,326],{"class":145},[94,132277,149],{"class":108},[94,132279,1817],{"class":152},[94,132281,168],{"class":108},[94,132283,36174],{"class":152},[94,132285,149],{"class":108},[94,132287,332],{"class":331},[94,132289,51520],{"class":335},[94,132291,332],{"class":331},[94,132293,5693],{"class":108},[94,132295,21099],{"class":159},[94,132297,132298],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,132299,132300],{"class":159},"# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[80,132302,2514],{"id":2513},[24,132304,2517],{},[85,132306,132308],{"className":87,"code":132307,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"string.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,132309,132310],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,132311,132312,132314,132316,132318,132320,132322,132324,132326,132328,132330],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,132313,61499],{"class":100},[94,132315,168],{"class":108},[94,132317,36174],{"class":152},[94,132319,149],{"class":108},[94,132321,2829],{"class":152},[94,132323,116],{"class":108},[94,132325,36379],{"class":152},[94,132327,116],{"class":108},[94,132329,65364],{"class":152},[94,132331,316],{"class":108},[24,132333,132334],{},"Parameters:",[28,132336,132337,132341,132345],{},[31,132338,132339,123648],{},[15,132340,2829],{},[31,132342,132343,128715],{},[15,132344,36400],{},[31,132346,132347,132349],{},[15,132348,52990],{},": optional stopping position",[24,132351,132352],{},"You can use just the value:",[85,132354,132356],{"className":87,"code":132355,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"python\"\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,132357,132358,132370],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,132359,132360,132362,132364,132366,132368],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,132361,1803],{"class":100},[94,132363,105],{"class":104},[94,132365,1040],{"class":331},[94,132367,89],{"class":335},[94,132369,1812],{"class":331},[94,132371,132372,132374,132376,132378,132380,132382,132384,132386,132388,132390,132392],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,132373,326],{"class":145},[94,132375,149],{"class":108},[94,132377,1817],{"class":152},[94,132379,168],{"class":108},[94,132381,36174],{"class":152},[94,132383,149],{"class":108},[94,132385,332],{"class":331},[94,132387,63611],{"class":335},[94,132389,332],{"class":331},[94,132391,5693],{"class":108},[94,132393,51744],{"class":159},[24,132395,132396],{},"Or include a start position:",[85,132398,132400],{"className":87,"code":132399,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))  # 3\n",[15,132401,132402,132414],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,132403,132404,132406,132408,132410,132412],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,132405,1803],{"class":100},[94,132407,105],{"class":104},[94,132409,1040],{"class":331},[94,132411,4432],{"class":335},[94,132413,1812],{"class":331},[94,132415,132416,132418,132420,132422,132424,132426,132428,132430,132432,132434,132436,132438,132440],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,132417,326],{"class":145},[94,132419,149],{"class":108},[94,132421,1817],{"class":152},[94,132423,168],{"class":108},[94,132425,36174],{"class":152},[94,132427,149],{"class":108},[94,132429,332],{"class":331},[94,132431,434],{"class":335},[94,132433,332],{"class":331},[94,132435,116],{"class":108},[94,132437,124],{"class":112},[94,132439,5693],{"class":108},[94,132441,51101],{"class":159},[24,132443,132444,132445,1139,132447,384],{},"Or include both ",[15,132446,36400],{},[15,132448,52990],{},[85,132450,132452],{"className":87,"code":132451,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2, 5))  # 3\n",[15,132453,132454,132466],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,132455,132456,132458,132460,132462,132464],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,132457,1803],{"class":100},[94,132459,105],{"class":104},[94,132461,1040],{"class":331},[94,132463,4432],{"class":335},[94,132465,1812],{"class":331},[94,132467,132468,132470,132472,132474,132476,132478,132480,132482,132484,132486,132488,132490,132492,132494,132496],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,132469,326],{"class":145},[94,132471,149],{"class":108},[94,132473,1817],{"class":152},[94,132475,168],{"class":108},[94,132477,36174],{"class":152},[94,132479,149],{"class":108},[94,132481,332],{"class":331},[94,132483,434],{"class":335},[94,132485,332],{"class":331},[94,132487,116],{"class":108},[94,132489,124],{"class":112},[94,132491,116],{"class":108},[94,132493,772],{"class":112},[94,132495,5693],{"class":108},[94,132497,51101],{"class":159},[80,132499,38350],{"id":38349},[24,132501,29039,132502,132504,132505,168],{},[15,132503,59292],{}," is a ",[43,132506,132507],{},"zero-based index",[24,132509,2463],{},[28,132511,132512,132518,132523],{},[31,132513,132514,132515,132517],{},"Index ",[15,132516,2476],{}," is the first character",[31,132519,132514,132520,132522],{},[15,132521,412],{}," is the second character",[31,132524,132514,132525,132527],{},[15,132526,763],{}," is the third character",[24,132529,2566],{},[85,132531,132533],{"className":87,"code":132532,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"cat\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"c\"))  # 0\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,132534,132535,132547,132551,132575,132599],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,132536,132537,132539,132541,132543,132545],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,132538,1803],{"class":100},[94,132540,105],{"class":104},[94,132542,1040],{"class":331},[94,132544,37376],{"class":335},[94,132546,1812],{"class":331},[94,132548,132549],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,132550,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,132552,132553,132555,132557,132559,132561,132563,132565,132567,132569,132571,132573],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,132554,326],{"class":145},[94,132556,149],{"class":108},[94,132558,1817],{"class":152},[94,132560,168],{"class":108},[94,132562,36174],{"class":152},[94,132564,149],{"class":108},[94,132566,332],{"class":331},[94,132568,1946],{"class":335},[94,132570,332],{"class":331},[94,132572,5693],{"class":108},[94,132574,51576],{"class":159},[94,132576,132577,132579,132581,132583,132585,132587,132589,132591,132593,132595,132597],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,132578,326],{"class":145},[94,132580,149],{"class":108},[94,132582,1817],{"class":152},[94,132584,168],{"class":108},[94,132586,36174],{"class":152},[94,132588,149],{"class":108},[94,132590,332],{"class":331},[94,132592,434],{"class":335},[94,132594,332],{"class":331},[94,132596,5693],{"class":108},[94,132598,28111],{"class":159},[94,132600,132601,132603,132605,132607,132609,132611,132613,132615,132617,132619,132621],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,132602,326],{"class":145},[94,132604,149],{"class":108},[94,132606,1817],{"class":152},[94,132608,168],{"class":108},[94,132610,36174],{"class":152},[94,132612,149],{"class":108},[94,132614,332],{"class":331},[94,132616,63611],{"class":335},[94,132618,332],{"class":331},[94,132620,5693],{"class":108},[94,132622,51744],{"class":159},[24,132624,132625,132627,132628,132630],{},[15,132626,59292],{}," returns only the ",[43,132629,30239],{}," matching position.",[85,132632,132634],{"className":87,"code":132633,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\n",[15,132635,132636,132648],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,132637,132638,132640,132642,132644,132646],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,132639,1803],{"class":100},[94,132641,105],{"class":104},[94,132643,1040],{"class":331},[94,132645,4432],{"class":335},[94,132647,1812],{"class":331},[94,132649,132650,132652,132654,132656,132658,132660,132662,132664,132666,132668,132670],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,132651,326],{"class":145},[94,132653,149],{"class":108},[94,132655,1817],{"class":152},[94,132657,168],{"class":108},[94,132659,36174],{"class":152},[94,132661,149],{"class":108},[94,132663,332],{"class":331},[94,132665,434],{"class":335},[94,132667,332],{"class":331},[94,132669,5693],{"class":108},[94,132671,28111],{"class":159},[24,132673,21309,132674,132676],{},[15,132675,18426],{}," appears more than once, the method returns only the first match.",[24,132678,132679,132680,168],{},"If you need to count matches instead, see the ",[434,132681,132682,567],{"href":124906},[15,132683,58914],{},[80,132685,1484,132686,1139,132688],{"id":65730},[15,132687,36400],{},[15,132689,52990],{},[24,132691,2336,132692,1139,132694,132696],{},[15,132693,36400],{},[15,132695,52990],{}," arguments let you search only part of the string.",[24,132698,132699],{},"This is useful when the same text appears more than once.",[24,132701,46372,132702,384],{},[15,132703,36400],{},[85,132705,132707],{"className":87,"code":132706,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))      # 1\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))   # 3\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 4))   # 5\n",[15,132708,132709,132721,132725,132749,132777],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,132710,132711,132713,132715,132717,132719],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,132712,1803],{"class":100},[94,132714,105],{"class":104},[94,132716,1040],{"class":331},[94,132718,4432],{"class":335},[94,132720,1812],{"class":331},[94,132722,132723],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,132724,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,132726,132727,132729,132731,132733,132735,132737,132739,132741,132743,132745,132747],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,132728,326],{"class":145},[94,132730,149],{"class":108},[94,132732,1817],{"class":152},[94,132734,168],{"class":108},[94,132736,36174],{"class":152},[94,132738,149],{"class":108},[94,132740,332],{"class":331},[94,132742,434],{"class":335},[94,132744,332],{"class":331},[94,132746,5693],{"class":108},[94,132748,51450],{"class":159},[94,132750,132751,132753,132755,132757,132759,132761,132763,132765,132767,132769,132771,132773,132775],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,132752,326],{"class":145},[94,132754,149],{"class":108},[94,132756,1817],{"class":152},[94,132758,168],{"class":108},[94,132760,36174],{"class":152},[94,132762,149],{"class":108},[94,132764,332],{"class":331},[94,132766,434],{"class":335},[94,132768,332],{"class":331},[94,132770,116],{"class":108},[94,132772,124],{"class":112},[94,132774,5693],{"class":108},[94,132776,51300],{"class":159},[94,132778,132779,132781,132783,132785,132787,132789,132791,132793,132795,132797,132799,132801,132803],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,132780,326],{"class":145},[94,132782,149],{"class":108},[94,132784,1817],{"class":152},[94,132786,168],{"class":108},[94,132788,36174],{"class":152},[94,132790,149],{"class":108},[94,132792,332],{"class":331},[94,132794,434],{"class":335},[94,132796,332],{"class":331},[94,132798,116],{"class":108},[94,132800,624],{"class":112},[94,132802,5693],{"class":108},[94,132804,51084],{"class":159},[24,132806,20288],{},[28,132808,132809,132816,132822],{},[31,132810,132811,132812,65920,132814],{},"The first search finds the first ",[15,132813,18426],{},[15,132815,412],{},[31,132817,132818,132819,132821],{},"Starting at index ",[15,132820,763],{}," skips that first match",[31,132823,132818,132824,132826,132827],{},[15,132825,857],{}," finds the last ",[15,132828,18426],{},[24,132830,46372,132831,384],{},[15,132832,52990],{},[85,132834,132836],{"className":87,"code":132835,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"n\", 0, 4))  # 2\n",[15,132837,132838,132850,132854],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,132839,132840,132842,132844,132846,132848],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,132841,1803],{"class":100},[94,132843,105],{"class":104},[94,132845,1040],{"class":331},[94,132847,4432],{"class":335},[94,132849,1812],{"class":331},[94,132851,132852],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,132853,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,132855,132856,132858,132860,132862,132864,132866,132868,132870,132872,132874,132876,132878,132880,132882,132884],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,132857,326],{"class":145},[94,132859,149],{"class":108},[94,132861,1817],{"class":152},[94,132863,168],{"class":108},[94,132865,36174],{"class":152},[94,132867,149],{"class":108},[94,132869,332],{"class":331},[94,132871,76346],{"class":335},[94,132873,332],{"class":331},[94,132875,116],{"class":108},[94,132877,4178],{"class":112},[94,132879,116],{"class":108},[94,132881,624],{"class":112},[94,132883,5693],{"class":108},[94,132885,51744],{"class":159},[24,132887,132888],{},"This searches only within part of the string.",[24,132890,132891],{},"One important detail: the returned index still refers to the original string, not a smaller temporary section.",[80,132893,44544,132895,132897],{"id":132894},"when-index-causes-an-error",[15,132896,59292],{}," causes an error",[24,132899,132900,132901,52824,132903,168],{},"If the substring is not found, ",[15,132902,59292],{},[15,132904,41034],{},[24,132906,2566],{},[85,132908,132910],{"className":87,"code":132909,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"z\"))\n",[15,132911,132912,132924],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,132913,132914,132916,132918,132920,132922],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,132915,1803],{"class":100},[94,132917,105],{"class":104},[94,132919,1040],{"class":331},[94,132921,4190],{"class":335},[94,132923,1812],{"class":331},[94,132925,132926,132928,132930,132932,132934,132936,132938,132940,132942,132944],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,132927,326],{"class":145},[94,132929,149],{"class":108},[94,132931,1817],{"class":152},[94,132933,168],{"class":108},[94,132935,36174],{"class":152},[94,132937,149],{"class":108},[94,132939,332],{"class":331},[94,132941,22408],{"class":335},[94,132943,332],{"class":331},[94,132945,921],{"class":108},[24,132947,371],{},[85,132949,132951],{"className":87,"code":132950,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"ValueError: substring not found\n",[15,132952,132953],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,132954,132955,132957,132959,132962,132964],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,132956,41034],{"class":913},[94,132958,384],{"class":108},[94,132960,132961],{"class":100}," substring ",[94,132963,45],{"class":104},[94,132965,66153],{"class":100},[24,132967,53670,132968,126422,132973,132975],{},[434,132969,132970],{"href":130100},[15,132971,132972],{},"str.find()",[15,132974,66178],{}," instead of raising an error.",[24,132977,132978,132979,1139,132981,384],{},"If the value may not exist, use ",[15,132980,30134],{},[15,132982,30165],{},[85,132984,132986],{"className":87,"code":132985,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"hello\"\n\ntry:\n    position = text.index(\"z\")\n    print(position)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Substring not found\")\n",[15,132987,132988,133000,133004,133010,133033,133043,133051],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,132989,132990,132992,132994,132996,132998],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,132991,1803],{"class":100},[94,132993,105],{"class":104},[94,132995,1040],{"class":331},[94,132997,4190],{"class":335},[94,132999,1812],{"class":331},[94,133001,133002],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,133003,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,133005,133006,133008],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,133007,30134],{"class":4221},[94,133009,6726],{"class":108},[94,133011,133012,133015,133017,133019,133021,133023,133025,133027,133029,133031],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,133013,133014],{"class":100},"    position ",[94,133016,105],{"class":104},[94,133018,43172],{"class":100},[94,133020,168],{"class":108},[94,133022,36174],{"class":152},[94,133024,149],{"class":108},[94,133026,332],{"class":331},[94,133028,22408],{"class":335},[94,133030,332],{"class":331},[94,133032,316],{"class":108},[94,133034,133035,133037,133039,133041],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,133036,8404],{"class":145},[94,133038,149],{"class":108},[94,133040,65270],{"class":152},[94,133042,316],{"class":108},[94,133044,133045,133047,133049],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,133046,30165],{"class":4221},[94,133048,42257],{"class":913},[94,133050,6726],{"class":108},[94,133052,133053,133055,133057,133059,133062,133064],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,133054,8404],{"class":145},[94,133056,149],{"class":108},[94,133058,332],{"class":331},[94,133060,133061],{"class":335},"Substring not found",[94,133063,332],{"class":331},[94,133065,316],{"class":108},[24,133067,133068],{},"This helps your program continue running.",[24,133070,42277,133071,168],{},[434,133072,26011,133074],{"href":133073},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix",[15,133075,129427],{},[80,133077,133079,18,133081],{"id":133078},"index-vs-find",[15,133080,59292],{},[15,133082,124451],{},[24,133084,133085,1139,133087,133089],{},[15,133086,59292],{},[15,133088,124451],{}," are very similar, but they behave differently when no match is found.",[265,133091,133092],{"id":36174},[15,133093,59292],{},[28,133095,133096,133099],{},[31,133097,133098],{},"Returns the first match position",[31,133100,133101],{},"Raises an error if nothing is found",[85,133103,133105],{"className":87,"code":133104,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"e\"))  # 1\n# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,133106,133107,133119,133143],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,133108,133109,133111,133113,133115,133117],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,133110,1803],{"class":100},[94,133112,105],{"class":104},[94,133114,1040],{"class":331},[94,133116,4190],{"class":335},[94,133118,1812],{"class":331},[94,133120,133121,133123,133125,133127,133129,133131,133133,133135,133137,133139,133141],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,133122,326],{"class":145},[94,133124,149],{"class":108},[94,133126,1817],{"class":152},[94,133128,168],{"class":108},[94,133130,36174],{"class":152},[94,133132,149],{"class":108},[94,133134,332],{"class":331},[94,133136,60772],{"class":335},[94,133138,332],{"class":331},[94,133140,5693],{"class":108},[94,133142,28111],{"class":159},[94,133144,133145],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,133146,133147],{"class":159},"# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[265,133149,133150],{"id":128481},[15,133151,124451],{},[28,133153,133154,133156],{},[31,133155,133098],{},[31,133157,11753,133158,133160],{},[15,133159,66178],{}," if nothing is found",[85,133162,133164],{"className":87,"code":133163,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.find(\"e\"))  # 1\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))  # -1\n",[15,133165,133166,133178,133202],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,133167,133168,133170,133172,133174,133176],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,133169,1803],{"class":100},[94,133171,105],{"class":104},[94,133173,1040],{"class":331},[94,133175,4190],{"class":335},[94,133177,1812],{"class":331},[94,133179,133180,133182,133184,133186,133188,133190,133192,133194,133196,133198,133200],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,133181,326],{"class":145},[94,133183,149],{"class":108},[94,133185,1817],{"class":152},[94,133187,168],{"class":108},[94,133189,128481],{"class":152},[94,133191,149],{"class":108},[94,133193,332],{"class":331},[94,133195,60772],{"class":335},[94,133197,332],{"class":331},[94,133199,5693],{"class":108},[94,133201,28111],{"class":159},[94,133203,133204,133206,133208,133210,133212,133214,133216,133218,133220,133222,133224],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,133205,326],{"class":145},[94,133207,149],{"class":108},[94,133209,1817],{"class":152},[94,133211,168],{"class":108},[94,133213,128481],{"class":152},[94,133215,149],{"class":108},[94,133217,332],{"class":331},[94,133219,22408],{"class":335},[94,133221,332],{"class":331},[94,133223,5693],{"class":108},[94,133225,128837],{"class":159},[24,133227,54,133228,133230],{},[15,133229,59292],{}," when missing data should be treated as a problem.",[24,133232,54,133233,133235],{},[15,133234,124451],{}," when you want to check safely without an exception.",[24,133237,133238,133239,2167,133244,168],{},"For a full comparison, see the ",[434,133240,133241,133243],{"href":130100},[15,133242,132972],{}," method reference",[434,133245,127492],{"href":133246},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python",[80,133248,3186],{"id":3185},[24,133250,133251,133252,384],{},"Beginners often run into these problems when using ",[15,133253,59292],{},[28,133255,133256,133259,133266,133271,133276],{},[31,133257,133258],{},"Searching for text with the wrong uppercase or lowercase letters",[31,133260,8786,133261,8789,133263,133265],{},[15,133262,59292],{},[15,133264,66178],{}," when no match exists",[31,133267,1484,133268,133270],{},[15,133269,59292],{}," on a value that may not be present",[31,133272,133273,133274],{},"Confusing character position with human counting starting at ",[15,133275,412],{},[31,133277,4923,133278,133280],{},[15,133279,59292],{}," returns every match instead of the first one",[24,133282,62620],{},[85,133284,133286],{"className":87,"code":133285,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.index(\"value\"))\nprint(text.find(\"value\"))\nprint(text.index(\"value\", start, end))\n",[15,133287,133288,133298,133312,133334,133356],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,133289,133290,133292,133294,133296],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,133291,326],{"class":145},[94,133293,149],{"class":108},[94,133295,1817],{"class":152},[94,133297,316],{"class":108},[94,133299,133300,133302,133304,133306,133308,133310],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,133301,326],{"class":145},[94,133303,149],{"class":108},[94,133305,42110],{"class":145},[94,133307,149],{"class":108},[94,133309,1817],{"class":152},[94,133311,921],{"class":108},[94,133313,133314,133316,133318,133320,133322,133324,133326,133328,133330,133332],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,133315,326],{"class":145},[94,133317,149],{"class":108},[94,133319,1817],{"class":152},[94,133321,168],{"class":108},[94,133323,36174],{"class":152},[94,133325,149],{"class":108},[94,133327,332],{"class":331},[94,133329,2829],{"class":335},[94,133331,332],{"class":331},[94,133333,921],{"class":108},[94,133335,133336,133338,133340,133342,133344,133346,133348,133350,133352,133354],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,133337,326],{"class":145},[94,133339,149],{"class":108},[94,133341,1817],{"class":152},[94,133343,168],{"class":108},[94,133345,128481],{"class":152},[94,133347,149],{"class":108},[94,133349,332],{"class":331},[94,133351,2829],{"class":335},[94,133353,332],{"class":331},[94,133355,921],{"class":108},[94,133357,133358,133360,133362,133364,133366,133368,133370,133372,133374,133376,133378,133380,133382,133384],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,133359,326],{"class":145},[94,133361,149],{"class":108},[94,133363,1817],{"class":152},[94,133365,168],{"class":108},[94,133367,36174],{"class":152},[94,133369,149],{"class":108},[94,133371,332],{"class":331},[94,133373,2829],{"class":335},[94,133375,332],{"class":331},[94,133377,116],{"class":108},[94,133379,36379],{"class":152},[94,133381,116],{"class":108},[94,133383,65364],{"class":152},[94,133385,921],{"class":108},[24,133387,133388],{},"Tips:",[28,133390,133391,133396,133401,133404],{},[31,133392,54,133393,133395],{},[15,133394,126378],{}," to spot spaces or hidden characters",[31,133397,54,133398,133400],{},[15,133399,124451],{}," if you want to test first without raising an error",[31,133402,133403],{},"Double-check uppercase and lowercase letters",[31,133405,133406,133407],{},"Remember that Python starts counting at ",[15,133408,2476],{},[80,133410,2160],{"id":2159},[265,133412,129960,133414,13041],{"id":133413},"what-does-python-string-index-return",[15,133415,59292],{},[24,133417,133418],{},"It returns the zero-based position of the first match in the string.",[265,133420,133422],{"id":133421},"what-happens-if-the-substring-is-not-found","What happens if the substring is not found?",[24,133424,77174,133425,168],{},[15,133426,41034],{},[265,133428,5514,133430,1139,133432,2170],{"id":133429},"what-is-the-difference-between-index-and-find",[15,133431,59292],{},[15,133433,124451],{},[24,133435,133436,133438,133439,74,133441,6963],{},[15,133437,59292],{}," raises an error if nothing is found. ",[15,133440,124451],{},[15,133442,66178],{},[265,133444,2191,133446,133448],{"id":133445},"can-index-search-for-more-than-one-character",[15,133447,59292],{}," search for more than one character?",[24,133450,133451],{},"Yes. It can search for a substring, not just a single character.",[265,133453,133455,133456,124792],{"id":133454},"is-string-index-case-sensitive","Is string ",[15,133457,59292],{},[24,133459,129985],{},[80,133461,2232],{"id":2231},[28,133463,133464,133470,133474,133479,133485],{},[31,133465,133466],{},[434,133467,133468,567],{"href":130100},[15,133469,132972],{},[31,133471,133472],{},[434,133473,124855],{"href":133246},[31,133475,133476],{},[434,133477,130061],{"href":133478},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python",[31,133480,133481],{},[434,133482,133483,567],{"href":124906},[15,133484,58914],{},[31,133486,133487],{},[434,133488,30678,133489],{"href":133073},[15,133490,129427],{},[2260,133492,133493],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html 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var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":90,"searchDepth":130,"depth":130,"links":133495},[133496,133497,133499,133500,133501,133502,133504,133509,133510,133521],{"id":2360,"depth":130,"text":2361},{"id":132132,"depth":130,"text":133498},"What str.index() does",{"id":2513,"depth":130,"text":2514},{"id":38349,"depth":130,"text":38350},{"id":65730,"depth":130,"text":66513},{"id":132894,"depth":130,"text":133503},"When index() causes an error",{"id":133078,"depth":130,"text":133505,"children":133506},"index() vs find()",[133507,133508],{"id":36174,"depth":137,"text":59292},{"id":128481,"depth":137,"text":124451},{"id":3185,"depth":130,"text":3186},{"id":2159,"depth":130,"text":2160,"children":133511},[133512,133514,133515,133517,133519],{"id":133413,"depth":137,"text":133513},"What does Python string index() return?",{"id":133421,"depth":137,"text":133422},{"id":133429,"depth":137,"text":133516},"What is the difference between index() and find()?",{"id":133445,"depth":137,"text":133518},"Can index() search for more than one character?",{"id":133454,"depth":137,"text":133520},"Is string index() case-sensitive?",{"id":2231,"depth":130,"text":2232},"Master python string index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method",{"title":132041,"description":133522},"reference\u002Fpython-string-index-method","R1ztM7XUbXLB6x68q72-dPTbtnrYXmbHumYw459ZPYA",{"id":133529,"title":133530,"body":133531,"description":136306,"extension":2319,"meta":136307,"navigation":133,"path":136308,"seo":136309,"stem":136310,"__hash__":136311},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method.md","Python String join() Method",{"type":7,"value":133532,"toc":136242},[133533,133539,133544,133547,133550,133561,133563,133632,133634,133648,133653,133658,133663,133665,133708,133710,133793,133795,133841,133847,133849,133851,133871,133873,133896,133898,133972,133974,133993,133998,134000,134004,134076,134078,134092,134096,134172,134174,134193,134197,134291,134293,134302,134309,134385,134387,134405,134409,134412,134419,134468,134470,134479,134486,134545,134547,134565,134568,134575,134634,134636,134654,134661,134718,134720,134729,134733,134738,134742,134801,134803,134821,134825,134872,134877,134880,134949,134951,134968,134975,134981,135036,135041,135044,135121,135123,135141,135147,135153,135213,135215,135234,135240,135243,135250,135303,135308,135310,135371,135380,135387,135389,135446,135451,135453,135524,135528,135583,135585,135594,135599,135605,135674,135676,135708,135714,135722,135729,135735,135800,135802,135811,135817,135898,135900,135909,135914,135928,135935,135939,135944,135972,135974,136107,136110,136147,136149,136155,136164,136169,136172,136177,136182,136188,136191,136200,136203,136205,136234,136239],[10,133534,123456,133536,11651],{"id":133535},"python-string-join-method",[15,133537,133538],{},"join()",[24,133540,123461,133541,133543],{},[15,133542,133538],{}," method combines multiple strings into one string.",[24,133545,133546],{},"It is useful when you have a list or tuple of text values and want to join them with a separator such as a space, comma, dash, or nothing at all.",[24,133548,133549],{},"A key rule to remember is this:",[28,133551,133552,133558],{},[31,133553,133554,133555,133557],{},"You call ",[15,133556,133538],{}," on the separator string",[31,133559,133560],{},"Every item you join must already be a string",[80,133562,83],{"id":82},[85,133564,133566],{"className":87,"code":133565,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\nprint(result)\n",[15,133567,133568,133601,133622],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,133569,133570,133572,133574,133576,133578,133580,133582,133584,133586,133588,133590,133592,133594,133597,133599],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,133571,1314],{"class":100},[94,133573,105],{"class":104},[94,133575,109],{"class":108},[94,133577,332],{"class":331},[94,133579,7630],{"class":335},[94,133581,332],{"class":331},[94,133583,116],{"class":108},[94,133585,1040],{"class":331},[94,133587,12519],{"class":335},[94,133589,332],{"class":331},[94,133591,116],{"class":108},[94,133593,1040],{"class":331},[94,133595,133596],{"class":335},"fun",[94,133598,332],{"class":331},[94,133600,127],{"class":108},[94,133602,133603,133605,133607,133609,133611,133613,133616,133618,133620],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,133604,305],{"class":100},[94,133606,105],{"class":104},[94,133608,1040],{"class":331},[94,133610,1040],{"class":331},[94,133612,168],{"class":108},[94,133614,133615],{"class":152},"join",[94,133617,149],{"class":108},[94,133619,1362],{"class":152},[94,133621,316],{"class":108},[94,133623,133624,133626,133628,133630],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,133625,326],{"class":145},[94,133627,149],{"class":108},[94,133629,902],{"class":152},[94,133631,316],{"class":108},[24,133633,371],{},[85,133635,133637],{"className":87,"code":133636,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"Python is fun\n",[15,133638,133639],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,133640,133641,133643,133645],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,133642,13],{"class":100},[94,133644,12519],{"class":104},[94,133646,133647],{"class":100}," fun\n",[24,133649,54,133650,133652],{},[15,133651,133538],{}," on the separator string. Every item in the iterable must be a string.",[80,133654,215,133656,218],{"id":133655},"what-join-does",[15,133657,133538],{},[24,133659,133660,133662],{},[15,133661,133538],{}," combines multiple strings into one string.",[24,133664,11788],{},[28,133666,133667,133674,133702,133705],{},[31,133668,133669,133670,133673],{},"It uses the string before ",[15,133671,133672],{},".join()"," as the separator",[31,133675,133676,133677],{},"Common separators are:\n",[28,133678,133679,133685,133691,133697],{},[31,133680,133681,133684],{},[15,133682,133683],{},"\" \""," for spaces",[31,133686,133687,133690],{},[15,133688,133689],{},"\", \""," for commas",[31,133692,133693,133696],{},[15,133694,133695],{},"\"-\""," for dashes",[31,133698,133699,133701],{},[15,133700,6604],{}," for no separator",[31,133703,133704],{},"It returns a new string",[31,133706,133707],{},"It does not change the original list or tuple",[24,133709,2566],{},[85,133711,133713],{"className":87,"code":133712,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"words = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nresult = \", \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(words)\n",[15,133714,133715,133747,133769,133773,133783],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,133716,133717,133719,133721,133723,133725,133727,133729,133731,133733,133735,133737,133739,133741,133743,133745],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,133718,1314],{"class":100},[94,133720,105],{"class":104},[94,133722,109],{"class":108},[94,133724,332],{"class":331},[94,133726,13419],{"class":335},[94,133728,332],{"class":331},[94,133730,116],{"class":108},[94,133732,1040],{"class":331},[94,133734,17785],{"class":335},[94,133736,332],{"class":331},[94,133738,116],{"class":108},[94,133740,1040],{"class":331},[94,133742,13436],{"class":335},[94,133744,332],{"class":331},[94,133746,127],{"class":108},[94,133748,133749,133751,133753,133755,133757,133759,133761,133763,133765,133767],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,133750,305],{"class":100},[94,133752,105],{"class":104},[94,133754,1040],{"class":331},[94,133756,2547],{"class":335},[94,133758,332],{"class":331},[94,133760,168],{"class":108},[94,133762,133615],{"class":152},[94,133764,149],{"class":108},[94,133766,1362],{"class":152},[94,133768,316],{"class":108},[94,133770,133771],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,133772,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,133774,133775,133777,133779,133781],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,133776,326],{"class":145},[94,133778,149],{"class":108},[94,133780,902],{"class":152},[94,133782,316],{"class":108},[94,133784,133785,133787,133789,133791],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,133786,326],{"class":145},[94,133788,149],{"class":108},[94,133790,1362],{"class":152},[94,133792,316],{"class":108},[24,133794,371],{},[85,133796,133798],{"className":87,"code":133797,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"red, green, blue\n['red', 'green', 'blue']\n",[15,133799,133800,133813],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,133801,133802,133804,133806,133809,133811],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,133803,13419],{"class":100},[94,133805,116],{"class":108},[94,133807,133808],{"class":100}," green",[94,133810,116],{"class":108},[94,133812,36209],{"class":100},[94,133814,133815,133817,133819,133821,133823,133825,133827,133829,133831,133833,133835,133837,133839],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,133816,539],{"class":108},[94,133818,968],{"class":331},[94,133820,13419],{"class":335},[94,133822,968],{"class":331},[94,133824,116],{"class":108},[94,133826,962],{"class":331},[94,133828,17785],{"class":335},[94,133830,968],{"class":331},[94,133832,116],{"class":108},[94,133834,962],{"class":331},[94,133836,13436],{"class":335},[94,133838,968],{"class":331},[94,133840,127],{"class":108},[24,133842,133843,133844,133846],{},"The list stays the same. ",[15,133845,133538],{}," creates a new string.",[80,133848,2514],{"id":2513},[24,133850,7551],{},[85,133852,133854],{"className":87,"code":133853,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"separator.join(iterable)\n",[15,133855,133856],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,133857,133858,133861,133863,133865,133867,133869],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,133859,133860],{"class":100},"separator",[94,133862,168],{"class":108},[94,133864,133615],{"class":152},[94,133866,149],{"class":108},[94,133868,4065],{"class":152},[94,133870,316],{"class":108},[265,133872,49341],{"id":49340},[28,133874,133875,133888,133893],{},[31,133876,133877,133879,133880,2547,133882,2547,133884,2551,133886],{},[15,133878,133860],{}," is a string such as ",[15,133881,133683],{},[15,133883,133689],{},[15,133885,133695],{},[15,133887,6604],{},[31,133889,133890,133892],{},[15,133891,4065],{}," is usually a list or tuple of strings",[31,133894,133895],{},"All items in the iterable must be strings",[24,133897,2566],{},[85,133899,133901],{"className":87,"code":133900,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nresult = \" | \".join(names)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133902,133903,133935,133958,133962],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,133904,133905,133907,133909,133911,133913,133915,133917,133919,133921,133923,133925,133927,133929,133931,133933],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,133906,1024],{"class":100},[94,133908,105],{"class":104},[94,133910,109],{"class":108},[94,133912,332],{"class":331},[94,133914,13206],{"class":335},[94,133916,332],{"class":331},[94,133918,116],{"class":108},[94,133920,1040],{"class":331},[94,133922,36268],{"class":335},[94,133924,332],{"class":331},[94,133926,116],{"class":108},[94,133928,1040],{"class":331},[94,133930,36277],{"class":335},[94,133932,332],{"class":331},[94,133934,127],{"class":108},[94,133936,133937,133939,133941,133943,133946,133948,133950,133952,133954,133956],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,133938,305],{"class":100},[94,133940,105],{"class":104},[94,133942,1040],{"class":331},[94,133944,133945],{"class":335}," | ",[94,133947,332],{"class":331},[94,133949,168],{"class":108},[94,133951,133615],{"class":152},[94,133953,149],{"class":108},[94,133955,1065],{"class":152},[94,133957,316],{"class":108},[94,133959,133960],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,133961,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,133963,133964,133966,133968,133970],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,133965,326],{"class":145},[94,133967,149],{"class":108},[94,133969,902],{"class":152},[94,133971,316],{"class":108},[24,133973,371],{},[85,133975,133977],{"className":87,"code":133976,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"Ana | Ben | Cara\n",[15,133978,133979],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,133980,133981,133984,133986,133989,133991],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,133982,133983],{"class":100},"Ana ",[94,133985,114160],{"class":104},[94,133987,133988],{"class":100}," Ben ",[94,133990,114160],{"class":104},[94,133992,36349],{"class":100},[24,133994,133995,133996,168],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with strings, see ",[434,133997,125211],{"href":51306},[80,133999,121987],{"id":121986},[265,134001,134003],{"id":134002},"join-words-with-a-space","Join words with a space",[85,134005,134007],{"className":87,"code":134006,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134008,134009,134042,134062,134066],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,134010,134011,134013,134015,134017,134019,134021,134023,134025,134027,134029,134031,134033,134035,134038,134040],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,134012,1314],{"class":100},[94,134014,105],{"class":104},[94,134016,109],{"class":108},[94,134018,332],{"class":331},[94,134020,7630],{"class":335},[94,134022,332],{"class":331},[94,134024,116],{"class":108},[94,134026,1040],{"class":331},[94,134028,12519],{"class":335},[94,134030,332],{"class":331},[94,134032,116],{"class":108},[94,134034,1040],{"class":331},[94,134036,134037],{"class":335},"easy",[94,134039,332],{"class":331},[94,134041,127],{"class":108},[94,134043,134044,134046,134048,134050,134052,134054,134056,134058,134060],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,134045,305],{"class":100},[94,134047,105],{"class":104},[94,134049,1040],{"class":331},[94,134051,1040],{"class":331},[94,134053,168],{"class":108},[94,134055,133615],{"class":152},[94,134057,149],{"class":108},[94,134059,1362],{"class":152},[94,134061,316],{"class":108},[94,134063,134064],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,134065,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,134067,134068,134070,134072,134074],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,134069,326],{"class":145},[94,134071,149],{"class":108},[94,134073,902],{"class":152},[94,134075,316],{"class":108},[24,134077,371],{},[85,134079,134081],{"className":87,"code":134080,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"Python is easy\n",[15,134082,134083],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,134084,134085,134087,134089],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,134086,13],{"class":100},[94,134088,12519],{"class":104},[94,134090,134091],{"class":100}," easy\n",[265,134093,134095],{"id":134094},"join-values-with-a-comma","Join values with a comma",[85,134097,134099],{"className":87,"code":134098,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"items = [\"apples\", \"bananas\", \"oranges\"]\nresult = \", \".join(items)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134100,134101,134136,134158,134162],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,134102,134103,134105,134107,134109,134111,134114,134116,134118,134120,134123,134125,134127,134129,134132,134134],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,134104,8113],{"class":100},[94,134106,105],{"class":104},[94,134108,109],{"class":108},[94,134110,332],{"class":331},[94,134112,134113],{"class":335},"apples",[94,134115,332],{"class":331},[94,134117,116],{"class":108},[94,134119,1040],{"class":331},[94,134121,134122],{"class":335},"bananas",[94,134124,332],{"class":331},[94,134126,116],{"class":108},[94,134128,1040],{"class":331},[94,134130,134131],{"class":335},"oranges",[94,134133,332],{"class":331},[94,134135,127],{"class":108},[94,134137,134138,134140,134142,134144,134146,134148,134150,134152,134154,134156],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,134139,305],{"class":100},[94,134141,105],{"class":104},[94,134143,1040],{"class":331},[94,134145,2547],{"class":335},[94,134147,332],{"class":331},[94,134149,168],{"class":108},[94,134151,133615],{"class":152},[94,134153,149],{"class":108},[94,134155,8144],{"class":152},[94,134157,316],{"class":108},[94,134159,134160],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,134161,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,134163,134164,134166,134168,134170],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,134165,326],{"class":145},[94,134167,149],{"class":108},[94,134169,902],{"class":152},[94,134171,316],{"class":108},[24,134173,371],{},[85,134175,134177],{"className":87,"code":134176,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"apples, bananas, oranges\n",[15,134178,134179],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,134180,134181,134183,134185,134188,134190],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,134182,134113],{"class":100},[94,134184,116],{"class":108},[94,134186,134187],{"class":100}," bananas",[94,134189,116],{"class":108},[94,134191,134192],{"class":100}," oranges\n",[265,134194,134196],{"id":134195},"join-characters-with-an-empty-string","Join characters with an empty string",[85,134198,134200],{"className":87,"code":134199,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nresult = \"\".join(letters)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134201,134202,134259,134277,134281],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,134203,134204,134206,134208,134210,134212,134215,134217,134219,134221,134223,134225,134227,134229,134231,134233,134235,134237,134239,134241,134243,134245,134247,134249,134251,134253,134255,134257],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,134205,36418],{"class":100},[94,134207,105],{"class":104},[94,134209,109],{"class":108},[94,134211,332],{"class":331},[94,134213,134214],{"class":335},"P",[94,134216,332],{"class":331},[94,134218,116],{"class":108},[94,134220,1040],{"class":331},[94,134222,12075],{"class":335},[94,134224,332],{"class":331},[94,134226,116],{"class":108},[94,134228,1040],{"class":331},[94,134230,63611],{"class":335},[94,134232,332],{"class":331},[94,134234,116],{"class":108},[94,134236,1040],{"class":331},[94,134238,60763],{"class":335},[94,134240,332],{"class":331},[94,134242,116],{"class":108},[94,134244,1040],{"class":331},[94,134246,60798],{"class":335},[94,134248,332],{"class":331},[94,134250,116],{"class":108},[94,134252,1040],{"class":331},[94,134254,76346],{"class":335},[94,134256,332],{"class":331},[94,134258,127],{"class":108},[94,134260,134261,134263,134265,134267,134269,134271,134273,134275],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,134262,305],{"class":100},[94,134264,105],{"class":104},[94,134266,6458],{"class":331},[94,134268,168],{"class":108},[94,134270,133615],{"class":152},[94,134272,149],{"class":108},[94,134274,36471],{"class":152},[94,134276,316],{"class":108},[94,134278,134279],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,134280,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,134282,134283,134285,134287,134289],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,134284,326],{"class":145},[94,134286,149],{"class":108},[94,134288,902],{"class":152},[94,134290,316],{"class":108},[24,134292,371],{},[85,134294,134296],{"className":87,"code":134295,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"Python\n",[15,134297,134298],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,134299,134300],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,134301,134295],{"class":100},[265,134303,134305,134306,134308],{"id":134304},"show-that-join-returns-the-result","Show that ",[15,134307,133538],{}," returns the result",[85,134310,134312],{"className":87,"code":134311,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\njoined_text = \"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(joined_text)\n",[15,134313,134314,134347,134370,134374],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,134315,134316,134318,134320,134322,134324,134326,134328,134330,134332,134334,134336,134338,134340,134343,134345],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,134317,1314],{"class":100},[94,134319,105],{"class":104},[94,134321,109],{"class":108},[94,134323,332],{"class":331},[94,134325,6917],{"class":335},[94,134327,332],{"class":331},[94,134329,116],{"class":108},[94,134331,1040],{"class":331},[94,134333,79579],{"class":335},[94,134335,332],{"class":331},[94,134337,116],{"class":108},[94,134339,1040],{"class":331},[94,134341,134342],{"class":335},"three",[94,134344,332],{"class":331},[94,134346,127],{"class":108},[94,134348,134349,134352,134354,134356,134358,134360,134362,134364,134366,134368],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,134350,134351],{"class":100},"joined_text ",[94,134353,105],{"class":104},[94,134355,1040],{"class":331},[94,134357,2380],{"class":335},[94,134359,332],{"class":331},[94,134361,168],{"class":108},[94,134363,133615],{"class":152},[94,134365,149],{"class":108},[94,134367,1362],{"class":152},[94,134369,316],{"class":108},[94,134371,134372],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,134373,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,134375,134376,134378,134380,134383],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,134377,326],{"class":145},[94,134379,149],{"class":108},[94,134381,134382],{"class":152},"joined_text",[94,134384,316],{"class":108},[24,134386,371],{},[85,134388,134390],{"className":87,"code":134389,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"one-two-three\n",[15,134391,134392],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,134393,134394,134396,134398,134400,134402],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,134395,6917],{"class":100},[94,134397,2380],{"class":104},[94,134399,79579],{"class":100},[94,134401,2380],{"class":104},[94,134403,134404],{"class":100},"three\n",[80,134406,134408],{"id":134407},"using-different-separators","Using different separators",[24,134410,134411],{},"The separator controls what appears between each item.",[265,134413,134415,134418],{"id":134414},"join-adds-spaces",[15,134416,134417],{},"\" \".join(...)"," adds spaces",[85,134420,134422],{"className":87,"code":134421,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\" \".join(words))\n",[15,134423,134424,134448],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,134425,134426,134428,134430,134432,134434,134436,134438,134440,134442,134444,134446],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,134427,1314],{"class":100},[94,134429,105],{"class":104},[94,134431,109],{"class":108},[94,134433,332],{"class":331},[94,134435,4190],{"class":335},[94,134437,332],{"class":331},[94,134439,116],{"class":108},[94,134441,1040],{"class":331},[94,134443,60916],{"class":335},[94,134445,332],{"class":331},[94,134447,127],{"class":108},[94,134449,134450,134452,134454,134456,134458,134460,134462,134464,134466],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,134451,326],{"class":145},[94,134453,149],{"class":108},[94,134455,332],{"class":331},[94,134457,1040],{"class":331},[94,134459,168],{"class":108},[94,134461,133615],{"class":152},[94,134463,149],{"class":108},[94,134465,1362],{"class":152},[94,134467,921],{"class":108},[24,134469,371],{},[85,134471,134473],{"className":87,"code":134472,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"hello world\n",[15,134474,134475],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,134476,134477],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,134478,134472],{"class":100},[265,134480,134482,134485],{"id":134481},"join-creates-comma-separated-text",[15,134483,134484],{},"\", \".join(...)"," creates comma-separated text",[85,134487,134489],{"className":87,"code":134488,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\", \".join(colors))\n",[15,134490,134491,134523],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,134492,134493,134495,134497,134499,134501,134503,134505,134507,134509,134511,134513,134515,134517,134519,134521],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,134494,13402],{"class":100},[94,134496,105],{"class":104},[94,134498,109],{"class":108},[94,134500,332],{"class":331},[94,134502,13419],{"class":335},[94,134504,332],{"class":331},[94,134506,116],{"class":108},[94,134508,1040],{"class":331},[94,134510,13436],{"class":335},[94,134512,332],{"class":331},[94,134514,116],{"class":108},[94,134516,1040],{"class":331},[94,134518,17785],{"class":335},[94,134520,332],{"class":331},[94,134522,127],{"class":108},[94,134524,134525,134527,134529,134531,134533,134535,134537,134539,134541,134543],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,134526,326],{"class":145},[94,134528,149],{"class":108},[94,134530,332],{"class":331},[94,134532,2547],{"class":335},[94,134534,332],{"class":331},[94,134536,168],{"class":108},[94,134538,133615],{"class":152},[94,134540,149],{"class":108},[94,134542,17832],{"class":152},[94,134544,921],{"class":108},[24,134546,371],{},[85,134548,134550],{"className":87,"code":134549,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"red, blue, green\n",[15,134551,134552],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,134553,134554,134556,134558,134561,134563],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,134555,13419],{"class":100},[94,134557,116],{"class":108},[94,134559,134560],{"class":100}," blue",[94,134562,116],{"class":108},[94,134564,36202],{"class":100},[24,134566,134567],{},"This is useful when building simple CSV-style text.",[265,134569,134571,134574],{"id":134570},"join-is-useful-for-slugs-or-ids",[15,134572,134573],{},"\"-\".join(...)"," is useful for slugs or IDs",[85,134576,134578],{"className":87,"code":134577,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"parts = [\"python\", \"string\", \"join\"]\nprint(\"-\".join(parts))\n",[15,134579,134580,134612],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,134581,134582,134584,134586,134588,134590,134592,134594,134596,134598,134600,134602,134604,134606,134608,134610],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,134583,43167],{"class":100},[94,134585,105],{"class":104},[94,134587,109],{"class":108},[94,134589,332],{"class":331},[94,134591,89],{"class":335},[94,134593,332],{"class":331},[94,134595,116],{"class":108},[94,134597,1040],{"class":331},[94,134599,61499],{"class":335},[94,134601,332],{"class":331},[94,134603,116],{"class":108},[94,134605,1040],{"class":331},[94,134607,133615],{"class":335},[94,134609,332],{"class":331},[94,134611,127],{"class":108},[94,134613,134614,134616,134618,134620,134622,134624,134626,134628,134630,134632],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,134615,326],{"class":145},[94,134617,149],{"class":108},[94,134619,332],{"class":331},[94,134621,2380],{"class":335},[94,134623,332],{"class":331},[94,134625,168],{"class":108},[94,134627,133615],{"class":152},[94,134629,149],{"class":108},[94,134631,43199],{"class":152},[94,134633,921],{"class":108},[24,134635,371],{},[85,134637,134639],{"className":87,"code":134638,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"python-string-join\n",[15,134640,134641],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,134642,134643,134645,134647,134649,134651],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,134644,89],{"class":100},[94,134646,2380],{"class":104},[94,134648,61499],{"class":100},[94,134650,2380],{"class":104},[94,134652,134653],{"class":100},"join\n",[265,134655,134657,134660],{"id":134656},"join-joins-with-no-separator",[15,134658,134659],{},"\"\".join(...)"," joins with no separator",[85,134662,134664],{"className":87,"code":134663,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"chars = [\"A\", \"B\", \"C\"]\nprint(\"\".join(chars))\n",[15,134665,134666,134699],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,134667,134668,134670,134672,134674,134676,134678,134680,134682,134684,134686,134688,134690,134692,134695,134697],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,134669,113234],{"class":100},[94,134671,105],{"class":104},[94,134673,109],{"class":108},[94,134675,332],{"class":331},[94,134677,22576],{"class":335},[94,134679,332],{"class":331},[94,134681,116],{"class":108},[94,134683,1040],{"class":331},[94,134685,30931],{"class":335},[94,134687,332],{"class":331},[94,134689,116],{"class":108},[94,134691,1040],{"class":331},[94,134693,134694],{"class":335},"C",[94,134696,332],{"class":331},[94,134698,127],{"class":108},[94,134700,134701,134703,134705,134707,134709,134711,134713,134716],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,134702,326],{"class":145},[94,134704,149],{"class":108},[94,134706,6604],{"class":331},[94,134708,168],{"class":108},[94,134710,133615],{"class":152},[94,134712,149],{"class":108},[94,134714,134715],{"class":152},"chars",[94,134717,921],{"class":108},[24,134719,371],{},[85,134721,134723],{"className":87,"code":134722,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"ABC\n",[15,134724,134725],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,134726,134727],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,134728,134722],{"class":34784},[80,134730,134732],{"id":134731},"what-types-of-values-work","What types of values work",[24,134734,134735,134737],{},[15,134736,133538],{}," works when every item is already a string.",[265,134739,134741],{"id":134740},"this-works","This works",[85,134743,134745],{"className":87,"code":134744,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"values = [\"10\", \"20\", \"30\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134746,134747,134779],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,134748,134749,134751,134753,134755,134757,134759,134761,134763,134765,134767,134769,134771,134773,134775,134777],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,134750,4167],{"class":100},[94,134752,105],{"class":104},[94,134754,109],{"class":108},[94,134756,332],{"class":331},[94,134758,2688],{"class":335},[94,134760,332],{"class":331},[94,134762,116],{"class":108},[94,134764,1040],{"class":331},[94,134766,16082],{"class":335},[94,134768,332],{"class":331},[94,134770,116],{"class":108},[94,134772,1040],{"class":331},[94,134774,37170],{"class":335},[94,134776,332],{"class":331},[94,134778,127],{"class":108},[94,134780,134781,134783,134785,134787,134789,134791,134793,134795,134797,134799],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,134782,326],{"class":145},[94,134784,149],{"class":108},[94,134786,332],{"class":331},[94,134788,2547],{"class":335},[94,134790,332],{"class":331},[94,134792,168],{"class":108},[94,134794,133615],{"class":152},[94,134796,149],{"class":108},[94,134798,5690],{"class":152},[94,134800,921],{"class":108},[24,134802,371],{},[85,134804,134806],{"className":87,"code":134805,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"10, 20, 30\n",[15,134807,134808],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,134809,134810,134812,134814,134816,134818],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,134811,2688],{"class":112},[94,134813,116],{"class":108},[94,134815,8124],{"class":112},[94,134817,116],{"class":108},[94,134819,134820],{"class":112}," 30\n",[265,134822,134824],{"id":134823},"numbers-do-not-work-directly","Numbers do not work directly",[85,134826,134828],{"className":87,"code":134827,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134829,134830,134850],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,134831,134832,134834,134836,134838,134840,134842,134844,134846,134848],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,134833,4167],{"class":100},[94,134835,105],{"class":104},[94,134837,109],{"class":108},[94,134839,412],{"class":112},[94,134841,116],{"class":108},[94,134843,124],{"class":112},[94,134845,116],{"class":108},[94,134847,421],{"class":112},[94,134849,127],{"class":108},[94,134851,134852,134854,134856,134858,134860,134862,134864,134866,134868,134870],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,134853,326],{"class":145},[94,134855,149],{"class":108},[94,134857,332],{"class":331},[94,134859,2547],{"class":335},[94,134861,332],{"class":331},[94,134863,168],{"class":108},[94,134865,133615],{"class":152},[94,134867,149],{"class":108},[94,134869,5690],{"class":152},[94,134871,921],{"class":108},[24,134873,90612,134874,134876],{},[15,134875,3361],{}," because the list contains integers, not strings.",[24,134878,134879],{},"To fix it, convert the values first:",[85,134881,134883],{"className":87,"code":134882,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134884,134885,134905,134935,134939],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,134886,134887,134889,134891,134893,134895,134897,134899,134901,134903],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,134888,4167],{"class":100},[94,134890,105],{"class":104},[94,134892,109],{"class":108},[94,134894,412],{"class":112},[94,134896,116],{"class":108},[94,134898,124],{"class":112},[94,134900,116],{"class":108},[94,134902,421],{"class":112},[94,134904,127],{"class":108},[94,134906,134907,134909,134911,134913,134915,134917,134919,134921,134923,134925,134927,134929,134931,134933],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,134908,305],{"class":100},[94,134910,105],{"class":104},[94,134912,1040],{"class":331},[94,134914,2547],{"class":335},[94,134916,332],{"class":331},[94,134918,168],{"class":108},[94,134920,133615],{"class":152},[94,134922,149],{"class":108},[94,134924,40190],{"class":145},[94,134926,149],{"class":108},[94,134928,1372],{"class":913},[94,134930,116],{"class":108},[94,134932,4231],{"class":152},[94,134934,921],{"class":108},[94,134936,134937],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,134938,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,134940,134941,134943,134945,134947],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,134942,326],{"class":145},[94,134944,149],{"class":108},[94,134946,902],{"class":152},[94,134948,316],{"class":108},[24,134950,371],{},[85,134952,134954],{"className":87,"code":134953,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"1, 2, 3\n",[15,134955,134956],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,134957,134958,134960,134962,134964,134966],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,134959,412],{"class":112},[94,134961,116],{"class":108},[94,134963,124],{"class":112},[94,134965,116],{"class":108},[94,134967,2932],{"class":112},[24,134969,134970,134971,168],{},"If you need a clearer explanation of string conversion, see ",[434,134972,13,134973,439],{"href":42505},[15,134974,48015],{},[265,134976,134978,134980],{"id":134977},"none-values-do-not-work-directly",[15,134979,77],{}," values do not work directly",[85,134982,134984],{"className":87,"code":134983,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134985,134986,135014],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,134987,134988,134990,134992,134994,134996,134998,135000,135002,135004,135006,135008,135010,135012],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,134989,4167],{"class":100},[94,134991,105],{"class":104},[94,134993,109],{"class":108},[94,134995,332],{"class":331},[94,134997,1332],{"class":335},[94,134999,332],{"class":331},[94,135001,116],{"class":108},[94,135003,4197],{"class":1224},[94,135005,116],{"class":108},[94,135007,1040],{"class":331},[94,135009,4432],{"class":335},[94,135011,332],{"class":331},[94,135013,127],{"class":108},[94,135015,135016,135018,135020,135022,135024,135026,135028,135030,135032,135034],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,135017,326],{"class":145},[94,135019,149],{"class":108},[94,135021,332],{"class":331},[94,135023,2547],{"class":335},[94,135025,332],{"class":331},[94,135027,168],{"class":108},[94,135029,133615],{"class":152},[94,135031,149],{"class":108},[94,135033,5690],{"class":152},[94,135035,921],{"class":108},[24,135037,135038,135039,168],{},"This also causes a ",[15,135040,3361],{},[24,135042,135043],{},"One fix is to convert values to strings:",[85,135045,135047],{"className":87,"code":135046,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135048,135049,135077,135107,135111],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,135050,135051,135053,135055,135057,135059,135061,135063,135065,135067,135069,135071,135073,135075],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,135052,4167],{"class":100},[94,135054,105],{"class":104},[94,135056,109],{"class":108},[94,135058,332],{"class":331},[94,135060,1332],{"class":335},[94,135062,332],{"class":331},[94,135064,116],{"class":108},[94,135066,4197],{"class":1224},[94,135068,116],{"class":108},[94,135070,1040],{"class":331},[94,135072,4432],{"class":335},[94,135074,332],{"class":331},[94,135076,127],{"class":108},[94,135078,135079,135081,135083,135085,135087,135089,135091,135093,135095,135097,135099,135101,135103,135105],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,135080,305],{"class":100},[94,135082,105],{"class":104},[94,135084,1040],{"class":331},[94,135086,2547],{"class":335},[94,135088,332],{"class":331},[94,135090,168],{"class":108},[94,135092,133615],{"class":152},[94,135094,149],{"class":108},[94,135096,40190],{"class":145},[94,135098,149],{"class":108},[94,135100,1372],{"class":913},[94,135102,116],{"class":108},[94,135104,4231],{"class":152},[94,135106,921],{"class":108},[94,135108,135109],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,135110,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,135112,135113,135115,135117,135119],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,135114,326],{"class":145},[94,135116,149],{"class":108},[94,135118,902],{"class":152},[94,135120,316],{"class":108},[24,135122,371],{},[85,135124,135126],{"className":87,"code":135125,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"apple, None, banana\n",[15,135127,135128],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,135129,135130,135132,135134,135136,135138],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,135131,1332],{"class":100},[94,135133,116],{"class":108},[94,135135,4197],{"class":1224},[94,135137,116],{"class":108},[94,135139,135140],{"class":100}," banana\n",[24,135142,135143,135144,135146],{},"Be careful with this approach. Sometimes you may want to remove ",[15,135145,77],{}," values instead of converting them.",[265,135148,135150,135152],{"id":135149},"join-also-works-with-tuples",[15,135151,133538],{}," also works with tuples",[85,135154,135156],{"className":87,"code":135155,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"names = (\"Sam\", \"Lee\", \"Mia\")\nprint(\" \u002F \".join(names))\n",[15,135157,135158,135190],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,135159,135160,135162,135164,135166,135168,135170,135172,135174,135176,135178,135180,135182,135184,135186,135188],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,135161,1024],{"class":100},[94,135163,105],{"class":104},[94,135165,854],{"class":108},[94,135167,332],{"class":331},[94,135169,8010],{"class":335},[94,135171,332],{"class":331},[94,135173,116],{"class":108},[94,135175,1040],{"class":331},[94,135177,131544],{"class":335},[94,135179,332],{"class":331},[94,135181,116],{"class":108},[94,135183,1040],{"class":331},[94,135185,8256],{"class":335},[94,135187,332],{"class":331},[94,135189,316],{"class":108},[94,135191,135192,135194,135196,135198,135201,135203,135205,135207,135209,135211],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,135193,326],{"class":145},[94,135195,149],{"class":108},[94,135197,332],{"class":331},[94,135199,135200],{"class":335}," \u002F ",[94,135202,332],{"class":331},[94,135204,168],{"class":108},[94,135206,133615],{"class":152},[94,135208,149],{"class":108},[94,135210,1065],{"class":152},[94,135212,921],{"class":108},[24,135214,371],{},[85,135216,135218],{"className":87,"code":135217,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"Sam \u002F Lee \u002F Mia\n",[15,135219,135220],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,135221,135222,135225,135227,135230,135232],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,135223,135224],{"class":100},"Sam ",[94,135226,127348],{"class":104},[94,135228,135229],{"class":100}," Lee ",[94,135231,127348],{"class":104},[94,135233,22665],{"class":100},[80,135235,135237,135238],{"id":135236},"common-errors-with-join","Common errors with ",[15,135239,133538],{},[24,135241,135242],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes.",[265,135244,135246,135247,135249],{"id":135245},"_1-typeerror-because-not-all-items-are-strings","1. ",[15,135248,3361],{}," because not all items are strings",[85,135251,135253],{"className":87,"code":135252,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(items))\n",[15,135254,135255,135283],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,135256,135257,135259,135261,135263,135265,135267,135269,135271,135273,135275,135277,135279,135281],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,135258,8113],{"class":100},[94,135260,105],{"class":104},[94,135262,109],{"class":108},[94,135264,332],{"class":331},[94,135266,434],{"class":335},[94,135268,332],{"class":331},[94,135270,116],{"class":108},[94,135272,124],{"class":112},[94,135274,116],{"class":108},[94,135276,1040],{"class":331},[94,135278,1946],{"class":335},[94,135280,332],{"class":331},[94,135282,127],{"class":108},[94,135284,135285,135287,135289,135291,135293,135295,135297,135299,135301],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,135286,326],{"class":145},[94,135288,149],{"class":108},[94,135290,332],{"class":331},[94,135292,1040],{"class":331},[94,135294,168],{"class":108},[94,135296,133615],{"class":152},[94,135298,149],{"class":108},[94,135300,8144],{"class":152},[94,135302,921],{"class":108},[24,135304,48842,135305,135307],{},[15,135306,763],{}," is an integer.",[24,135309,39592],{},[85,135311,135313],{"className":87,"code":135312,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(map(str, items)))\n",[15,135314,135315,135343],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,135316,135317,135319,135321,135323,135325,135327,135329,135331,135333,135335,135337,135339,135341],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,135318,8113],{"class":100},[94,135320,105],{"class":104},[94,135322,109],{"class":108},[94,135324,332],{"class":331},[94,135326,434],{"class":335},[94,135328,332],{"class":331},[94,135330,116],{"class":108},[94,135332,124],{"class":112},[94,135334,116],{"class":108},[94,135336,1040],{"class":331},[94,135338,1946],{"class":335},[94,135340,332],{"class":331},[94,135342,127],{"class":108},[94,135344,135345,135347,135349,135351,135353,135355,135357,135359,135361,135363,135365,135367,135369],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,135346,326],{"class":145},[94,135348,149],{"class":108},[94,135350,332],{"class":331},[94,135352,1040],{"class":331},[94,135354,168],{"class":108},[94,135356,133615],{"class":152},[94,135358,149],{"class":108},[94,135360,40190],{"class":145},[94,135362,149],{"class":108},[94,135364,1372],{"class":913},[94,135366,116],{"class":108},[94,135368,6297],{"class":152},[94,135370,3268],{"class":108},[24,135372,135373,135374,168],{},"If you see an error like this, read ",[434,135375,26011,135377],{"href":135376},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-sequence-item-0-expected-str-instance-fix\u002F",[15,135378,135379],{},"TypeError: sequence item 0: expected str instance",[265,135381,135383,135384,135386],{"id":135382},"_2-calling-join-on-a-list-instead-of-a-string","2. Calling ",[15,135385,133538],{}," on a list instead of a string",[24,135388,4869],{},[85,135390,135392],{"className":87,"code":135391,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = words.join(\" \")\n",[15,135393,135394,135426],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,135395,135396,135398,135400,135402,135404,135406,135408,135410,135412,135414,135416,135418,135420,135422,135424],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,135397,1314],{"class":100},[94,135399,105],{"class":104},[94,135401,109],{"class":108},[94,135403,332],{"class":331},[94,135405,7630],{"class":335},[94,135407,332],{"class":331},[94,135409,116],{"class":108},[94,135411,1040],{"class":331},[94,135413,12519],{"class":335},[94,135415,332],{"class":331},[94,135417,116],{"class":108},[94,135419,1040],{"class":331},[94,135421,133596],{"class":335},[94,135423,332],{"class":331},[94,135425,127],{"class":108},[94,135427,135428,135430,135432,135434,135436,135438,135440,135442,135444],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,135429,305],{"class":100},[94,135431,105],{"class":104},[94,135433,6500],{"class":100},[94,135435,168],{"class":108},[94,135437,133615],{"class":152},[94,135439,149],{"class":108},[94,135441,332],{"class":331},[94,135443,1040],{"class":331},[94,135445,316],{"class":108},[24,135447,135448,135450],{},[15,135449,133538],{}," is a string method, not a list method.",[24,135452,1727],{},[85,135454,135456],{"className":87,"code":135455,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135457,135458,135490,135510,135514],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,135459,135460,135462,135464,135466,135468,135470,135472,135474,135476,135478,135480,135482,135484,135486,135488],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,135461,1314],{"class":100},[94,135463,105],{"class":104},[94,135465,109],{"class":108},[94,135467,332],{"class":331},[94,135469,7630],{"class":335},[94,135471,332],{"class":331},[94,135473,116],{"class":108},[94,135475,1040],{"class":331},[94,135477,12519],{"class":335},[94,135479,332],{"class":331},[94,135481,116],{"class":108},[94,135483,1040],{"class":331},[94,135485,133596],{"class":335},[94,135487,332],{"class":331},[94,135489,127],{"class":108},[94,135491,135492,135494,135496,135498,135500,135502,135504,135506,135508],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,135493,305],{"class":100},[94,135495,105],{"class":104},[94,135497,1040],{"class":331},[94,135499,1040],{"class":331},[94,135501,168],{"class":108},[94,135503,133615],{"class":152},[94,135505,149],{"class":108},[94,135507,1362],{"class":152},[94,135509,316],{"class":108},[94,135511,135512],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,135513,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,135515,135516,135518,135520,135522],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,135517,326],{"class":145},[94,135519,149],{"class":108},[94,135521,902],{"class":152},[94,135523,316],{"class":108},[265,135525,135527],{"id":135526},"_3-using-the-wrong-separator","3. Using the wrong separator",[85,135529,135531],{"className":87,"code":135530,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,135532,135533,135565],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,135534,135535,135537,135539,135541,135543,135545,135547,135549,135551,135553,135555,135557,135559,135561,135563],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,135536,1314],{"class":100},[94,135538,105],{"class":104},[94,135540,109],{"class":108},[94,135542,332],{"class":331},[94,135544,6917],{"class":335},[94,135546,332],{"class":331},[94,135548,116],{"class":108},[94,135550,1040],{"class":331},[94,135552,79579],{"class":335},[94,135554,332],{"class":331},[94,135556,116],{"class":108},[94,135558,1040],{"class":331},[94,135560,134342],{"class":335},[94,135562,332],{"class":331},[94,135564,127],{"class":108},[94,135566,135567,135569,135571,135573,135575,135577,135579,135581],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,135568,326],{"class":145},[94,135570,149],{"class":108},[94,135572,6604],{"class":331},[94,135574,168],{"class":108},[94,135576,133615],{"class":152},[94,135578,149],{"class":108},[94,135580,1362],{"class":152},[94,135582,921],{"class":108},[24,135584,371],{},[85,135586,135588],{"className":87,"code":135587,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"onetwothree\n",[15,135589,135590],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,135591,135592],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,135593,135587],{"class":100},[24,135595,135596,135597,6963],{},"If you wanted spaces, use ",[15,135598,133683],{},[265,135600,135602,135603,131806],{"id":135601},"_4-forgetting-that-join-returns-a-new-string","4. Forgetting that ",[15,135604,133538],{},[85,135606,135608],{"className":87,"code":135607,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"words = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,135609,135610,135642,135660,135664],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,135611,135612,135614,135616,135618,135620,135622,135624,135626,135628,135630,135632,135634,135636,135638,135640],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,135613,1314],{"class":100},[94,135615,105],{"class":104},[94,135617,109],{"class":108},[94,135619,332],{"class":331},[94,135621,434],{"class":335},[94,135623,332],{"class":331},[94,135625,116],{"class":108},[94,135627,1040],{"class":331},[94,135629,1937],{"class":335},[94,135631,332],{"class":331},[94,135633,116],{"class":108},[94,135635,1040],{"class":331},[94,135637,1946],{"class":335},[94,135639,332],{"class":331},[94,135641,127],{"class":108},[94,135643,135644,135646,135648,135650,135652,135654,135656,135658],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,135645,332],{"class":43659},[94,135647,2380],{"class":43663},[94,135649,332],{"class":43659},[94,135651,168],{"class":108},[94,135653,133615],{"class":152},[94,135655,149],{"class":108},[94,135657,1362],{"class":152},[94,135659,316],{"class":108},[94,135661,135662],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,135663,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,135665,135666,135668,135670,135672],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,135667,326],{"class":145},[94,135669,149],{"class":108},[94,135671,1362],{"class":152},[94,135673,316],{"class":108},[24,135675,371],{},[85,135677,135678],{"className":87,"code":43206,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,135679,135680],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,135681,135682,135684,135686,135688,135690,135692,135694,135696,135698,135700,135702,135704,135706],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,135683,539],{"class":108},[94,135685,968],{"class":331},[94,135687,434],{"class":335},[94,135689,968],{"class":331},[94,135691,116],{"class":108},[94,135693,962],{"class":331},[94,135695,1937],{"class":335},[94,135697,968],{"class":331},[94,135699,116],{"class":108},[94,135701,962],{"class":331},[94,135703,1946],{"class":335},[94,135705,968],{"class":331},[94,135707,127],{"class":108},[24,135709,135710,135711,135713],{},"The list is unchanged because ",[15,135712,133538],{}," returns a new string. You need to store or print the result.",[80,135715,135717,135719,135720],{"id":135716},"join-vs-concatenation-with",[15,135718,133538],{}," vs concatenation with ",[15,135721,2417],{},[24,135723,1146,135724,1139,135726,135728],{},[15,135725,133538],{},[15,135727,2417],{}," can combine strings, but they are used in different situations.",[265,135730,54,135732,135734],{"id":135731},"use-for-a-small-number-of-fixed-strings",[15,135733,2417],{}," for a small number of fixed strings",[85,135736,135738],{"className":87,"code":135737,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"first = \"Hello\"\nsecond = \"World\"\nresult = first + \" \" + second\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135739,135740,135753,135766,135786,135790],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,135741,135742,135745,135747,135749,135751],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,135743,135744],{"class":100},"first ",[94,135746,105],{"class":104},[94,135748,1040],{"class":331},[94,135750,35196],{"class":335},[94,135752,1812],{"class":331},[94,135754,135755,135758,135760,135762,135764],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,135756,135757],{"class":100},"second ",[94,135759,105],{"class":104},[94,135761,1040],{"class":331},[94,135763,90042],{"class":335},[94,135765,1812],{"class":331},[94,135767,135768,135770,135772,135775,135777,135779,135781,135783],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,135769,305],{"class":100},[94,135771,105],{"class":104},[94,135773,135774],{"class":100}," first ",[94,135776,2417],{"class":104},[94,135778,1040],{"class":331},[94,135780,1040],{"class":331},[94,135782,2811],{"class":104},[94,135784,135785],{"class":100}," second\n",[94,135787,135788],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,135789,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,135791,135792,135794,135796,135798],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,135793,326],{"class":145},[94,135795,149],{"class":108},[94,135797,902],{"class":152},[94,135799,316],{"class":108},[24,135801,371],{},[85,135803,135805],{"className":87,"code":135804,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"Hello World\n",[15,135806,135807],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,135808,135809],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,135810,135804],{"class":100},[265,135812,54,135814,135816],{"id":135813},"use-join-for-many-strings-or-a-list-of-strings",[15,135815,133538],{}," for many strings or a list of strings",[85,135818,135820],{"className":87,"code":135819,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"words = [\"Python\", \"makes\", \"this\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135821,135822,135864,135884,135888],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,135823,135824,135826,135828,135830,135832,135834,135836,135838,135840,135843,135845,135847,135849,135852,135854,135856,135858,135860,135862],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,135825,1314],{"class":100},[94,135827,105],{"class":104},[94,135829,109],{"class":108},[94,135831,332],{"class":331},[94,135833,7630],{"class":335},[94,135835,332],{"class":331},[94,135837,116],{"class":108},[94,135839,1040],{"class":331},[94,135841,135842],{"class":335},"makes",[94,135844,332],{"class":331},[94,135846,116],{"class":108},[94,135848,1040],{"class":331},[94,135850,135851],{"class":335},"this",[94,135853,332],{"class":331},[94,135855,116],{"class":108},[94,135857,1040],{"class":331},[94,135859,134037],{"class":335},[94,135861,332],{"class":331},[94,135863,127],{"class":108},[94,135865,135866,135868,135870,135872,135874,135876,135878,135880,135882],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,135867,305],{"class":100},[94,135869,105],{"class":104},[94,135871,1040],{"class":331},[94,135873,1040],{"class":331},[94,135875,168],{"class":108},[94,135877,133615],{"class":152},[94,135879,149],{"class":108},[94,135881,1362],{"class":152},[94,135883,316],{"class":108},[94,135885,135886],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,135887,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,135889,135890,135892,135894,135896],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,135891,326],{"class":145},[94,135893,149],{"class":108},[94,135895,902],{"class":152},[94,135897,316],{"class":108},[24,135899,371],{},[85,135901,135903],{"className":87,"code":135902,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"Python makes this easy\n",[15,135904,135905],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,135906,135907],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,135908,135902],{"class":100},[24,135910,135911,135913],{},[15,135912,133538],{}," is usually cleaner when:",[28,135915,135916,135919,135922],{},[31,135917,135918],{},"You already have a list of strings",[31,135920,135921],{},"You want the same separator between every item",[31,135923,135924,135925,135927],{},"You want to avoid writing many ",[15,135926,2417],{}," operators",[24,135929,135930,135931,168],{},"For a task-focused guide, see ",[434,135932,135934],{"href":135933},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-join-strings-in-python\u002F","how to join strings in Python",[80,135936,135938],{"id":135937},"common-mistakes-to-check","Common mistakes to check",[24,135940,9208,135941,135943],{},[15,135942,133538],{}," is not working, check these first:",[28,135945,135946,135949,135954,135963,135969],{},[31,135947,135948],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains integers",[31,135950,135951,135952],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains ",[15,135953,77],{},[31,135955,135956,135957,11420,135960],{},"You may have written ",[15,135958,135959],{},"list.join(...)",[15,135961,135962],{},"string.join(...)",[31,135964,135965,135966,135968],{},"You may be expecting ",[15,135967,133538],{}," to change the original iterable",[31,135970,135971],{},"You may have passed a non-iterable value",[24,135973,94680],{},[85,135975,135977],{"className":87,"code":135976,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(type(items))\nprint(items)\nprint([type(item) for item in items])\nprint(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))\nprint(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))\n",[15,135978,135979,135993,136003,136027,136067],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,135980,135981,135983,135985,135987,135989,135991],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,135982,326],{"class":145},[94,135984,149],{"class":108},[94,135986,914],{"class":913},[94,135988,149],{"class":108},[94,135990,8144],{"class":152},[94,135992,921],{"class":108},[94,135994,135995,135997,135999,136001],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,135996,326],{"class":145},[94,135998,149],{"class":108},[94,136000,8144],{"class":152},[94,136002,316],{"class":108},[94,136004,136005,136007,136009,136011,136013,136015,136017,136019,136021,136023,136025],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,136006,326],{"class":145},[94,136008,3342],{"class":108},[94,136010,914],{"class":913},[94,136012,149],{"class":108},[94,136014,23642],{"class":152},[94,136016,156],{"class":108},[94,136018,4222],{"class":4221},[94,136020,6292],{"class":152},[94,136022,4228],{"class":4221},[94,136024,6297],{"class":152},[94,136026,4234],{"class":108},[94,136028,136029,136031,136033,136035,136037,136039,136041,136043,136045,136047,136049,136051,136053,136055,136057,136059,136061,136063,136065],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,136030,326],{"class":145},[94,136032,149],{"class":108},[94,136034,968],{"class":331},[94,136036,962],{"class":331},[94,136038,168],{"class":108},[94,136040,133615],{"class":152},[94,136042,3342],{"class":108},[94,136044,968],{"class":331},[94,136046,434],{"class":335},[94,136048,968],{"class":331},[94,136050,116],{"class":108},[94,136052,962],{"class":331},[94,136054,1937],{"class":335},[94,136056,968],{"class":331},[94,136058,116],{"class":108},[94,136060,962],{"class":331},[94,136062,1946],{"class":335},[94,136064,968],{"class":331},[94,136066,3355],{"class":108},[94,136068,136069,136071,136073,136075,136077,136079,136081,136083,136085,136087,136089,136091,136093,136095,136097,136099,136101,136103,136105],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,136070,326],{"class":145},[94,136072,149],{"class":108},[94,136074,968],{"class":331},[94,136076,2547],{"class":335},[94,136078,968],{"class":331},[94,136080,168],{"class":108},[94,136082,133615],{"class":152},[94,136084,149],{"class":108},[94,136086,40190],{"class":145},[94,136088,149],{"class":108},[94,136090,1372],{"class":913},[94,136092,116],{"class":108},[94,136094,109],{"class":108},[94,136096,412],{"class":112},[94,136098,116],{"class":108},[94,136100,124],{"class":112},[94,136102,116],{"class":108},[94,136104,421],{"class":112},[94,136106,37594],{"class":108},[24,136108,136109],{},"What these checks do:",[28,136111,136112,136120,136126,136132,136141],{},[31,136113,136114,136117,136118,8431],{},[15,136115,136116],{},"print(type(items))"," shows what kind of value ",[15,136119,8144],{},[31,136121,136122,136125],{},[15,136123,136124],{},"print(items)"," shows the actual contents",[31,136127,136128,136131],{},[15,136129,136130],{},"print([type(item) for item in items])"," shows the type of each item",[31,136133,136134,136137,136138,136140],{},[15,136135,136136],{},"print(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))"," confirms normal ",[15,136139,133538],{}," behavior",[31,136142,136143,136146],{},[15,136144,136145],{},"print(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))"," shows how to join numbers after converting them",[80,136148,2160],{"id":2159},[265,136150,13029,136152,136154],{"id":136151},"does-join-work-with-numbers",[15,136153,133538],{}," work with numbers?",[24,136156,136157,136158,136160,136161,168],{},"Not directly. ",[15,136159,133538],{}," needs strings. Convert numbers first, for example with ",[15,136162,136163],{},"map(str, values)",[265,136165,13029,136167,57487],{"id":136166},"does-join-change-the-original-list",[15,136168,133538],{},[24,136170,136171],{},"No. It returns a new string and leaves the original list unchanged.",[265,136173,2201,136175,62960],{"id":136174},"can-i-use-join-with-a-tuple",[15,136176,133538],{},[24,136178,42483,136179,136181],{},[15,136180,133538],{}," works with any iterable of strings, including tuples.",[265,136183,5479,136185,40290],{"id":136184},"what-does-joinwords-do",[15,136186,136187],{},"''.join(words)",[24,136189,136190],{},"It joins the strings without adding any separator between them.",[265,136192,136194,136195,136197,136198,2170],{"id":136193},"why-do-i-get-typeerror-when-using-join","Why do I get ",[15,136196,3361],{}," when using ",[15,136199,133538],{},[24,136201,136202],{},"Usually because at least one item in the iterable is not a string.",[80,136204,2232],{"id":2231},[28,136206,136207,136212,136218,136224,136230],{},[31,136208,136209],{},[434,136210,136211],{"href":135933},"How to join strings in Python",[31,136213,136214],{},[434,136215,126456,136216,567],{"href":129143},[15,136217,60856],{},[31,136219,136220],{},[434,136221,13,136222,439],{"href":42505},[15,136223,48015],{},[31,136225,136226],{},[434,136227,30678,136228],{"href":135376},[15,136229,135379],{},[31,136231,136232],{},[434,136233,125211],{"href":51306},[24,136235,97650,136236,136238],{},[15,136237,133538],{},", you can use it in real tasks like formatting full names, building comma-separated text, and combining words from a list into a single string.",[2260,136240,136241],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":90,"searchDepth":130,"depth":130,"links":136243},[136244,136245,136247,136250,136257,136267,136275,136285,136292,136293,136305],{"id":82,"depth":130,"text":83},{"id":133655,"depth":130,"text":136246},"What join() does",{"id":2513,"depth":130,"text":2514,"children":136248},[136249],{"id":49340,"depth":137,"text":49341},{"id":121986,"depth":130,"text":121987,"children":136251},[136252,136253,136254,136255],{"id":134002,"depth":137,"text":134003},{"id":134094,"depth":137,"text":134095},{"id":134195,"depth":137,"text":134196},{"id":134304,"depth":137,"text":136256},"Show that join() returns the result",{"id":134407,"depth":130,"text":134408,"children":136258},[136259,136261,136263,136265],{"id":134414,"depth":137,"text":136260},"\" \".join(...) adds spaces",{"id":134481,"depth":137,"text":136262},"\", \".join(...) creates comma-separated text",{"id":134570,"depth":137,"text":136264},"\"-\".join(...) is useful for slugs or IDs",{"id":134656,"depth":137,"text":136266},"\"\".join(...) joins with no separator",{"id":134731,"depth":130,"text":134732,"children":136268},[136269,136270,136271,136273],{"id":134740,"depth":137,"text":134741},{"id":134823,"depth":137,"text":134824},{"id":134977,"depth":137,"text":136272},"None values do not work directly",{"id":135149,"depth":137,"text":136274},"join() also works with tuples",{"id":135236,"depth":130,"text":136276,"children":136277},"Common errors with join()",[136278,136280,136282,136283],{"id":135245,"depth":137,"text":136279},"1. TypeError because not all items are strings",{"id":135382,"depth":137,"text":136281},"2. Calling join() on a list instead of a string",{"id":135526,"depth":137,"text":135527},{"id":135601,"depth":137,"text":136284},"4. Forgetting that join() returns a new string",{"id":135716,"depth":130,"text":136286,"children":136287},"join() vs concatenation with +",[136288,136290],{"id":135731,"depth":137,"text":136289},"Use + for a small number of fixed strings",{"id":135813,"depth":137,"text":136291},"Use join() for many strings or a list of strings",{"id":135937,"depth":130,"text":135938},{"id":2159,"depth":130,"text":2160,"children":136294},[136295,136297,136299,136301,136303],{"id":136151,"depth":137,"text":136296},"Does join() work with numbers?",{"id":136166,"depth":137,"text":136298},"Does join() change the original list?",{"id":136174,"depth":137,"text":136300},"Can I use join() with a tuple?",{"id":136184,"depth":137,"text":136302},"What does ''.join(words) do?",{"id":136193,"depth":137,"text":136304},"Why do I get TypeError when using join()?",{"id":2231,"depth":130,"text":2232},"Master python string join method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method",{"title":133530,"description":136306},"reference\u002Fpython-string-join-method","PADX964Q2s6BEP50kMkmDZLOlBbvj8gTOpZn-HkZGPA",{"id":136313,"title":136314,"body":136315,"description":137883,"extension":2319,"meta":137884,"navigation":133,"path":137885,"seo":137886,"stem":137887,"__hash__":137888},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method.md","Python String lower() Method",{"type":7,"value":136316,"toc":137850},[136317,136322,136327,136329,136343,136388,136395,136400,136405,136407,136423,136432,136434,136436,136451,136453,136463,136465,136527,136529,136532,136593,136595,136611,136613,136626,136629,136676,136678,136684,136687,136690,136750,136758,136844,136848,136853,136855,136869,136872,136957,136960,137018,137029,137084,137086,137093,137099,137105,137149,137152,137199,137201,137203,137210,137212,137243,137246,137248,137279,137283,137286,137288,137328,137330,137373,137379,137384,137386,137413,137418,137421,137470,137474,137477,137552,137563,137566,137623,137630,137636,137644,137649,137656,137663,137681,137683,137737,137745,137747,137752,137755,137761,137767,137772,137775,137781,137787,137794,137802,137804,137847],[10,136318,123456,136320,11651],{"id":136319},"python-string-lower-method",[15,136321,124186],{},[24,136323,123461,136324,136326],{},[15,136325,124186],{}," method returns a lowercase version of a string.",[24,136328,24419],{},[28,136330,136331,136334,136337,136340],{},[31,136332,136333],{},"convert text to lowercase",[31,136335,136336],{},"compare text without case differences",[31,136338,136339],{},"clean up user input",[31,136341,136342],{},"make simple text matching easier",[85,136344,136346],{"className":87,"code":136345,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\nresult = text.lower()\nprint(result)  # hello world\n",[15,136347,136348,136361,136375],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,136349,136350,136352,136354,136356,136359],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,136351,1803],{"class":100},[94,136353,105],{"class":104},[94,136355,1040],{"class":331},[94,136357,136358],{"class":335},"Hello WORLD",[94,136360,1812],{"class":331},[94,136362,136363,136365,136367,136369,136371,136373],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,136364,305],{"class":100},[94,136366,105],{"class":104},[94,136368,43172],{"class":100},[94,136370,168],{"class":108},[94,136372,1378],{"class":152},[94,136374,511],{"class":108},[94,136376,136377,136379,136381,136383,136385],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,136378,326],{"class":145},[94,136380,149],{"class":108},[94,136382,902],{"class":152},[94,136384,156],{"class":108},[94,136386,136387],{"class":159},"  # hello world\n",[24,136389,136390,89265,136392,136394],{},[43,136391,84124],{},[15,136393,124186],{}," returns a new string. It does not change the original string in place.",[80,136396,215,136398,218],{"id":136397},"what-lower-does",[15,136399,124186],{},[24,136401,136402,136404],{},[15,136403,124186],{}," is a string method that changes uppercase letters to lowercase letters.",[24,136406,13378],{},[28,136408,136409,136414,136417,136420],{},[31,136410,136411,136413],{},[15,136412,124186],{}," returns a lowercase version of a string",[31,136415,136416],{},"It works on string objects",[31,136418,136419],{},"It creates and returns a new string",[31,136421,136422],{},"The original string stays unchanged",[24,136424,125208,136425,136429,136430,168],{},[434,136426,136428],{"href":136427},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-string-in-python\u002F","what a string is in Python"," or learn more in ",[434,136431,51307],{"href":51306},[80,136433,2514],{"id":2513},[24,136435,2517],{},[85,136437,136439],{"className":87,"code":136438,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"string.lower()\n",[15,136440,136441],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,136442,136443,136445,136447,136449],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,136444,61499],{"class":100},[94,136446,168],{"class":108},[94,136448,1378],{"class":152},[94,136450,511],{"class":108},[24,136452,43981],{},[28,136454,136455,136457,136460],{},[31,136456,97828],{},[31,136458,136459],{},"You call it directly on a string",[31,136461,136462],{},"You can use it on a string literal or a string variable",[24,136464,2566],{},[85,136466,136468],{"className":87,"code":136467,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(\"HELLO\".lower())  # hello\n\nname = \"PyThOn\"\nprint(name.lower())  # python\n",[15,136469,136470,136493,136497,136510],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,136471,136472,136474,136476,136478,136481,136483,136485,136487,136490],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,136473,326],{"class":145},[94,136475,149],{"class":108},[94,136477,332],{"class":331},[94,136479,136480],{"class":335},"HELLO",[94,136482,332],{"class":331},[94,136484,168],{"class":108},[94,136486,1378],{"class":152},[94,136488,136489],{"class":108},"())",[94,136491,136492],{"class":159},"  # hello\n",[94,136494,136495],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,136496,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,136498,136499,136501,136503,136505,136508],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,136500,8211],{"class":100},[94,136502,105],{"class":104},[94,136504,1040],{"class":331},[94,136506,136507],{"class":335},"PyThOn",[94,136509,1812],{"class":331},[94,136511,136512,136514,136516,136518,136520,136522,136524],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,136513,326],{"class":145},[94,136515,149],{"class":108},[94,136517,8001],{"class":152},[94,136519,168],{"class":108},[94,136521,1378],{"class":152},[94,136523,136489],{"class":108},[94,136525,136526],{"class":159},"  # python\n",[80,136528,11805],{"id":11804},[24,136530,136531],{},"Here is a basic example with a variable:",[85,136533,136535],{"className":87,"code":136534,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\n\nlower_text = text.lower()\n\nprint(lower_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,136536,136537,136549,136553,136568,136572,136583],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,136538,136539,136541,136543,136545,136547],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,136540,1803],{"class":100},[94,136542,105],{"class":104},[94,136544,1040],{"class":331},[94,136546,136358],{"class":335},[94,136548,1812],{"class":331},[94,136550,136551],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,136552,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,136554,136555,136558,136560,136562,136564,136566],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,136556,136557],{"class":100},"lower_text ",[94,136559,105],{"class":104},[94,136561,43172],{"class":100},[94,136563,168],{"class":108},[94,136565,1378],{"class":152},[94,136567,511],{"class":108},[94,136569,136570],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,136571,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,136573,136574,136576,136578,136581],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,136575,326],{"class":145},[94,136577,149],{"class":108},[94,136579,136580],{"class":152},"lower_text",[94,136582,316],{"class":108},[94,136584,136585,136587,136589,136591],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,136586,326],{"class":145},[94,136588,149],{"class":108},[94,136590,1817],{"class":152},[94,136592,316],{"class":108},[24,136594,371],{},[85,136596,136598],{"className":87,"code":136597,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"hello world\nHello WORLD\n",[15,136599,136600,136604],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,136601,136602],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,136603,134472],{"class":100},[94,136605,136606,136608],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,136607,131872],{"class":100},[94,136609,136610],{"class":34784},"WORLD\n",[24,136612,24939],{},[28,136614,136615,136620],{},[31,136616,136617,136619],{},[15,136618,124186],{}," returns the lowercase result",[31,136621,136622,136623,136625],{},"the original ",[15,136624,1817],{}," variable does not change unless you reassign it",[24,136627,136628],{},"If you want to keep the lowercase version in the same variable, reassign it:",[85,136630,136632],{"className":87,"code":136631,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello world\n",[15,136633,136634,136646,136660,136664],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,136635,136636,136638,136640,136642,136644],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,136637,1803],{"class":100},[94,136639,105],{"class":104},[94,136641,1040],{"class":331},[94,136643,136358],{"class":335},[94,136645,1812],{"class":331},[94,136647,136648,136650,136652,136654,136656,136658],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,136649,1803],{"class":100},[94,136651,105],{"class":104},[94,136653,43172],{"class":100},[94,136655,168],{"class":108},[94,136657,1378],{"class":152},[94,136659,511],{"class":108},[94,136661,136662],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,136663,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,136665,136666,136668,136670,136672,136674],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,136667,326],{"class":145},[94,136669,149],{"class":108},[94,136671,1817],{"class":152},[94,136673,156],{"class":108},[94,136675,136387],{"class":159},[80,136677,17748],{"id":17747},[24,136679,136680,22306,136682,168],{},[15,136681,124186],{},[43,136683,61499],{},[24,136685,136686],{},"That means you can store the result in a variable, print it, or use it in comparisons.",[24,136688,136689],{},"A common beginner use case is comparing text in a case-insensitive way:",[85,136691,136693],{"className":87,"code":136692,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"answer = \"YES\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Correct\")\n",[15,136694,136695,136709,136713,136736],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,136696,136697,136700,136702,136704,136707],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,136698,136699],{"class":100},"answer ",[94,136701,105],{"class":104},[94,136703,1040],{"class":331},[94,136705,136706],{"class":335},"YES",[94,136708,1812],{"class":331},[94,136710,136711],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,136712,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,136714,136715,136717,136720,136722,136724,136726,136728,136730,136732,136734],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,136716,7330],{"class":4221},[94,136718,136719],{"class":100}," answer",[94,136721,168],{"class":108},[94,136723,1378],{"class":152},[94,136725,174],{"class":108},[94,136727,6741],{"class":104},[94,136729,1040],{"class":331},[94,136731,8990],{"class":335},[94,136733,332],{"class":331},[94,136735,6726],{"class":108},[94,136737,136738,136740,136742,136744,136746,136748],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,136739,8404],{"class":145},[94,136741,149],{"class":108},[94,136743,332],{"class":331},[94,136745,97137],{"class":335},[94,136747,332],{"class":331},[94,136749,316],{"class":108},[24,136751,136752,136753,384],{},"This is especially useful with ",[434,136754,136755,136756,2660],{"href":8554},"the ",[15,136757,3314],{},[85,136759,136761],{"className":87,"code":136760,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"answer = input(\"Type yes or no: \")\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"You typed yes\")\nelse:\n    print(\"You typed something else\")\n",[15,136762,136763,136782,136786,136808,136823,136829],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,136764,136765,136767,136769,136771,136773,136775,136778,136780],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,136766,136699],{"class":100},[94,136768,105],{"class":104},[94,136770,8577],{"class":145},[94,136772,149],{"class":108},[94,136774,332],{"class":331},[94,136776,136777],{"class":335},"Type yes or no: ",[94,136779,332],{"class":331},[94,136781,316],{"class":108},[94,136783,136784],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,136785,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,136787,136788,136790,136792,136794,136796,136798,136800,136802,136804,136806],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,136789,7330],{"class":4221},[94,136791,136719],{"class":100},[94,136793,168],{"class":108},[94,136795,1378],{"class":152},[94,136797,174],{"class":108},[94,136799,6741],{"class":104},[94,136801,1040],{"class":331},[94,136803,8990],{"class":335},[94,136805,332],{"class":331},[94,136807,6726],{"class":108},[94,136809,136810,136812,136814,136816,136819,136821],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,136811,8404],{"class":145},[94,136813,149],{"class":108},[94,136815,332],{"class":331},[94,136817,136818],{"class":335},"You typed yes",[94,136820,332],{"class":331},[94,136822,316],{"class":108},[94,136824,136825,136827],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,136826,27765],{"class":4221},[94,136828,6726],{"class":108},[94,136830,136831,136833,136835,136837,136840,136842],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,136832,8404],{"class":145},[94,136834,149],{"class":108},[94,136836,332],{"class":331},[94,136838,136839],{"class":335},"You typed something else",[94,136841,332],{"class":331},[94,136843,316],{"class":108},[80,136845,136847],{"id":136846},"common-use-cases","Common use cases",[24,136849,136850,136852],{},[15,136851,124186],{}," is often used to normalize text before working with it.",[24,136854,7676],{},[28,136856,136857,136860,136863,136866],{},[31,136858,136859],{},"Normalize user input before comparison",[31,136861,136862],{},"Make text matching easier",[31,136864,136865],{},"Prepare text for simple searches",[31,136867,136868],{},"Clean mixed-case data",[24,136870,136871],{},"Example: checking user input",[85,136873,136875],{"className":87,"code":136874,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\n\nif color.lower() == \"blue\":\n    print(\"Nice choice!\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Got it.\")\n",[15,136876,136877,136895,136899,136921,136936,136942],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,136878,136879,136881,136883,136885,136887,136889,136891,136893],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,136880,45290],{"class":100},[94,136882,105],{"class":104},[94,136884,8577],{"class":145},[94,136886,149],{"class":108},[94,136888,332],{"class":331},[94,136890,45301],{"class":335},[94,136892,332],{"class":331},[94,136894,316],{"class":108},[94,136896,136897],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,136898,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,136900,136901,136903,136905,136907,136909,136911,136913,136915,136917,136919],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,136902,7330],{"class":4221},[94,136904,36179],{"class":100},[94,136906,168],{"class":108},[94,136908,1378],{"class":152},[94,136910,174],{"class":108},[94,136912,6741],{"class":104},[94,136914,1040],{"class":331},[94,136916,13436],{"class":335},[94,136918,332],{"class":331},[94,136920,6726],{"class":108},[94,136922,136923,136925,136927,136929,136932,136934],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,136924,8404],{"class":145},[94,136926,149],{"class":108},[94,136928,332],{"class":331},[94,136930,136931],{"class":335},"Nice choice!",[94,136933,332],{"class":331},[94,136935,316],{"class":108},[94,136937,136938,136940],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,136939,27765],{"class":4221},[94,136941,6726],{"class":108},[94,136943,136944,136946,136948,136950,136953,136955],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,136945,8404],{"class":145},[94,136947,149],{"class":108},[94,136949,332],{"class":331},[94,136951,136952],{"class":335},"Got it.",[94,136954,332],{"class":331},[94,136956,316],{"class":108},[24,136958,136959],{},"Example: simple search",[85,136961,136963],{"className":87,"code":136962,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"message = \"Python Is Fun\"\n\nif \"python\" in message.lower():\n    print(\"Found it\")\n",[15,136964,136965,136978,136982,137003],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,136966,136967,136969,136971,136973,136976],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,136968,90308],{"class":100},[94,136970,105],{"class":104},[94,136972,1040],{"class":331},[94,136974,136975],{"class":335},"Python Is Fun",[94,136977,1812],{"class":331},[94,136979,136980],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,136981,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,136983,136984,136986,136988,136990,136992,136994,136997,136999,137001],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,136985,7330],{"class":4221},[94,136987,1040],{"class":331},[94,136989,89],{"class":335},[94,136991,332],{"class":331},[94,136993,21505],{"class":104},[94,136995,136996],{"class":100}," message",[94,136998,168],{"class":108},[94,137000,1378],{"class":152},[94,137002,21926],{"class":108},[94,137004,137005,137007,137009,137011,137014,137016],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,137006,8404],{"class":145},[94,137008,149],{"class":108},[94,137010,332],{"class":331},[94,137012,137013],{"class":335},"Found it",[94,137015,332],{"class":331},[94,137017,316],{"class":108},[24,137019,137020,137021,137023,137024,384],{},"If you also need to remove extra spaces, ",[15,137022,124186],{}," is often used with ",[434,137025,137027],{"href":137026},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method\u002F",[15,137028,41984],{},[85,137030,137032],{"className":87,"code":137031,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"name = \"  ALICE  \"\nclean_name = name.strip().lower()\n\nprint(clean_name)  # alice\n",[15,137033,137034,137047,137066,137070],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,137035,137036,137038,137040,137042,137045],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,137037,8211],{"class":100},[94,137039,105],{"class":104},[94,137041,1040],{"class":331},[94,137043,137044],{"class":335},"  ALICE  ",[94,137046,1812],{"class":331},[94,137048,137049,137052,137054,137056,137058,137060,137062,137064],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,137050,137051],{"class":100},"clean_name ",[94,137053,105],{"class":104},[94,137055,36319],{"class":100},[94,137057,168],{"class":108},[94,137059,8968],{"class":152},[94,137061,8971],{"class":108},[94,137063,1378],{"class":152},[94,137065,511],{"class":108},[94,137067,137068],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,137069,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,137071,137072,137074,137076,137079,137081],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,137073,326],{"class":145},[94,137075,149],{"class":108},[94,137077,137078],{"class":152},"clean_name",[94,137080,156],{"class":108},[94,137082,137083],{"class":159},"  # alice\n",[80,137085,15924],{"id":15923},[24,137087,137088,137089,137092],{},"Strings are ",[43,137090,137091],{},"immutable"," in Python.",[24,137094,137095,137096,137098],{},"That means a string cannot be changed in place. Methods like ",[15,137097,124186],{}," do not edit the original string. They return a new one.",[24,137100,137101,137102,137104],{},"So this does ",[43,137103,45],{}," update the original variable:",[85,137106,137108],{"className":87,"code":137107,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # HELLO\n",[15,137109,137110,137122,137132,137136],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,137111,137112,137114,137116,137118,137120],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,137113,1803],{"class":100},[94,137115,105],{"class":104},[94,137117,1040],{"class":331},[94,137119,136480],{"class":335},[94,137121,1812],{"class":331},[94,137123,137124,137126,137128,137130],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,137125,1817],{"class":100},[94,137127,168],{"class":108},[94,137129,1378],{"class":152},[94,137131,511],{"class":108},[94,137133,137134],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,137135,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,137137,137138,137140,137142,137144,137146],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,137139,326],{"class":145},[94,137141,149],{"class":108},[94,137143,1817],{"class":152},[94,137145,156],{"class":108},[94,137147,137148],{"class":159},"  # HELLO\n",[24,137150,137151],{},"To keep the lowercase version, save the result:",[85,137153,137155],{"className":87,"code":137154,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,137156,137157,137169,137183,137187],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,137158,137159,137161,137163,137165,137167],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,137160,1803],{"class":100},[94,137162,105],{"class":104},[94,137164,1040],{"class":331},[94,137166,136480],{"class":335},[94,137168,1812],{"class":331},[94,137170,137171,137173,137175,137177,137179,137181],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,137172,1803],{"class":100},[94,137174,105],{"class":104},[94,137176,43172],{"class":100},[94,137178,168],{"class":108},[94,137180,1378],{"class":152},[94,137182,511],{"class":108},[94,137184,137185],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,137186,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,137188,137189,137191,137193,137195,137197],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,137190,326],{"class":145},[94,137192,149],{"class":108},[94,137194,1817],{"class":152},[94,137196,156],{"class":108},[94,137198,136492],{"class":159},[80,137200,3186],{"id":3185},[265,137202,26019],{"id":26018},[24,137204,137205,137206,11420,137208,168],{},"A very common mistake is writing ",[15,137207,1378],{},[15,137209,124186],{},[24,137211,16972],{},[85,137213,137215],{"className":87,"code":137214,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower)\n",[15,137216,137217,137229],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,137218,137219,137221,137223,137225,137227],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,137220,1803],{"class":100},[94,137222,105],{"class":104},[94,137224,1040],{"class":331},[94,137226,136480],{"class":335},[94,137228,1812],{"class":331},[94,137230,137231,137233,137235,137237,137239,137241],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,137232,326],{"class":145},[94,137234,149],{"class":108},[94,137236,1817],{"class":152},[94,137238,168],{"class":108},[94,137240,1378],{"class":1377},[94,137242,316],{"class":108},[24,137244,137245],{},"This prints the method itself, not the lowercase string.",[24,137247,16984],{},[85,137249,137251],{"className":87,"code":137250,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,137252,137253,137265],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,137254,137255,137257,137259,137261,137263],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,137256,1803],{"class":100},[94,137258,105],{"class":104},[94,137260,1040],{"class":331},[94,137262,136480],{"class":335},[94,137264,1812],{"class":331},[94,137266,137267,137269,137271,137273,137275,137277],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,137268,326],{"class":145},[94,137270,149],{"class":108},[94,137272,1817],{"class":152},[94,137274,168],{"class":108},[94,137276,1378],{"class":152},[94,137278,7527],{"class":108},[265,137280,137282],{"id":137281},"not-saving-the-result","Not saving the result",[24,137284,137285],{},"Another common mistake is expecting the original variable to change automatically.",[24,137287,16972],{},[85,137289,137291],{"className":87,"code":137290,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\nprint(text)  # still HELLO\n",[15,137292,137293,137305,137315],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,137294,137295,137297,137299,137301,137303],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,137296,1803],{"class":100},[94,137298,105],{"class":104},[94,137300,1040],{"class":331},[94,137302,136480],{"class":335},[94,137304,1812],{"class":331},[94,137306,137307,137309,137311,137313],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,137308,1817],{"class":100},[94,137310,168],{"class":108},[94,137312,1378],{"class":152},[94,137314,511],{"class":108},[94,137316,137317,137319,137321,137323,137325],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,137318,326],{"class":145},[94,137320,149],{"class":108},[94,137322,1817],{"class":152},[94,137324,156],{"class":108},[94,137326,137327],{"class":159},"  # still HELLO\n",[24,137329,16984],{},[85,137331,137333],{"className":87,"code":137332,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,137334,137335,137347,137361],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,137336,137337,137339,137341,137343,137345],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,137338,1803],{"class":100},[94,137340,105],{"class":104},[94,137342,1040],{"class":331},[94,137344,136480],{"class":335},[94,137346,1812],{"class":331},[94,137348,137349,137351,137353,137355,137357,137359],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,137350,1803],{"class":100},[94,137352,105],{"class":104},[94,137354,43172],{"class":100},[94,137356,168],{"class":108},[94,137358,1378],{"class":152},[94,137360,511],{"class":108},[94,137362,137363,137365,137367,137369,137371],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,137364,326],{"class":145},[94,137366,149],{"class":108},[94,137368,1817],{"class":152},[94,137370,156],{"class":108},[94,137372,136492],{"class":159},[265,137374,1484,137376,137378],{"id":137375},"using-lower-on-a-non-string-value",[15,137377,124186],{}," on a non-string value",[24,137380,137381,137383],{},[15,137382,124186],{}," only works on strings.",[24,137385,16972],{},[85,137387,137389],{"className":87,"code":137388,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"number = 123\nprint(number.lower())\n",[15,137390,137391,137399],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,137392,137393,137395,137397],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,137394,2576],{"class":100},[94,137396,105],{"class":104},[94,137398,125138],{"class":112},[94,137400,137401,137403,137405,137407,137409,137411],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,137402,326],{"class":145},[94,137404,149],{"class":108},[94,137406,2598],{"class":152},[94,137408,168],{"class":108},[94,137410,1378],{"class":152},[94,137412,7527],{"class":108},[24,137414,137415,137416,1829],{},"This causes an error because integers do not have a ",[15,137417,124186],{},[24,137419,137420],{},"You can check the type first:",[85,137422,137424],{"className":87,"code":137423,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"HELLO\"\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,137425,137426,137438,137442,137456],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,137427,137428,137430,137432,137434,137436],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,137429,1803],{"class":100},[94,137431,105],{"class":104},[94,137433,1040],{"class":331},[94,137435,136480],{"class":335},[94,137437,1812],{"class":331},[94,137439,137440],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,137441,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,137443,137444,137446,137448,137450,137452,137454],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,137445,326],{"class":145},[94,137447,149],{"class":108},[94,137449,914],{"class":913},[94,137451,149],{"class":108},[94,137453,1817],{"class":152},[94,137455,921],{"class":108},[94,137457,137458,137460,137462,137464,137466,137468],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,137459,326],{"class":145},[94,137461,149],{"class":108},[94,137463,1817],{"class":152},[94,137465,168],{"class":108},[94,137467,1378],{"class":152},[94,137469,7527],{"class":108},[265,137471,137473],{"id":137472},"comparing-text-without-normalizing-case","Comparing text without normalizing case",[24,137475,137476],{},"This can cause unexpected results:",[85,137478,137480],{"className":87,"code":137479,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\nelse:\n    print(\"No match\")\n",[15,137481,137482,137495,137499,137516,137531,137537],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,137483,137484,137486,137488,137490,137493],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,137485,136699],{"class":100},[94,137487,105],{"class":104},[94,137489,1040],{"class":331},[94,137491,137492],{"class":335},"Yes",[94,137494,1812],{"class":331},[94,137496,137497],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,137498,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,137500,137501,137503,137506,137508,137510,137512,137514],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,137502,7330],{"class":4221},[94,137504,137505],{"class":100}," answer ",[94,137507,5031],{"class":104},[94,137509,1040],{"class":331},[94,137511,8990],{"class":335},[94,137513,332],{"class":331},[94,137515,6726],{"class":108},[94,137517,137518,137520,137522,137524,137527,137529],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,137519,8404],{"class":145},[94,137521,149],{"class":108},[94,137523,332],{"class":331},[94,137525,137526],{"class":335},"Match",[94,137528,332],{"class":331},[94,137530,316],{"class":108},[94,137532,137533,137535],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,137534,27765],{"class":4221},[94,137536,6726],{"class":108},[94,137538,137539,137541,137543,137545,137548,137550],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,137540,8404],{"class":145},[94,137542,149],{"class":108},[94,137544,332],{"class":331},[94,137546,137547],{"class":335},"No match",[94,137549,332],{"class":331},[94,137551,316],{"class":108},[24,137553,29392,137554,1139,137557,137560,137561,168],{},[15,137555,137556],{},"\"Yes\"",[15,137558,137559],{},"\"yes\""," are different strings, this prints ",[15,137562,137547],{},[24,137564,137565],{},"Better:",[85,137567,137569],{"className":87,"code":137568,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\n",[15,137570,137571,137583,137587,137609],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,137572,137573,137575,137577,137579,137581],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,137574,136699],{"class":100},[94,137576,105],{"class":104},[94,137578,1040],{"class":331},[94,137580,137492],{"class":335},[94,137582,1812],{"class":331},[94,137584,137585],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,137586,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,137588,137589,137591,137593,137595,137597,137599,137601,137603,137605,137607],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,137590,7330],{"class":4221},[94,137592,136719],{"class":100},[94,137594,168],{"class":108},[94,137596,1378],{"class":152},[94,137598,174],{"class":108},[94,137600,6741],{"class":104},[94,137602,1040],{"class":331},[94,137604,8990],{"class":335},[94,137606,332],{"class":331},[94,137608,6726],{"class":108},[94,137610,137611,137613,137615,137617,137619,137621],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,137612,8404],{"class":145},[94,137614,149],{"class":108},[94,137616,332],{"class":331},[94,137618,137526],{"class":335},[94,137620,332],{"class":331},[94,137622,316],{"class":108},[265,137624,44544,137626,137629],{"id":137625},"when-casefold-may-be-better",[15,137627,137628],{},"casefold()"," may be better",[24,137631,137632,137633,137635],{},"For most beginner examples, ",[15,137634,124186],{}," is enough.",[24,137637,137638,137639,137641,137642,168],{},"But for advanced Unicode case-insensitive matching, ",[15,137640,137628],{}," can be stronger than ",[15,137643,124186],{},[24,137645,137646,137647,122698],{},"For everyday beginner tasks like input checking and simple comparisons, ",[15,137648,124186],{},[80,137650,137652,18,137654],{"id":137651},"lower-vs-upper",[15,137653,124186],{},[15,137655,128334],{},[24,137657,137658,1139,137660,137662],{},[15,137659,124186],{},[15,137661,128334],{}," are very similar.",[28,137664,137665,137670,137675,137678],{},[31,137666,137667,137669],{},[15,137668,124186],{}," changes letters to lowercase",[31,137671,137672,137674],{},[15,137673,128334],{}," changes letters to uppercase",[31,137676,137677],{},"Both return new strings",[31,137679,137680],{},"Both leave the original string unchanged unless you reassign the result",[24,137682,2566],{},[85,137684,137686],{"className":87,"code":137685,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower())  # hello world\nprint(text.upper())  # HELLO WORLD\n",[15,137687,137688,137700,137704,137720],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,137689,137690,137692,137694,137696,137698],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,137691,1803],{"class":100},[94,137693,105],{"class":104},[94,137695,1040],{"class":331},[94,137697,129175],{"class":335},[94,137699,1812],{"class":331},[94,137701,137702],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,137703,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,137705,137706,137708,137710,137712,137714,137716,137718],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,137707,326],{"class":145},[94,137709,149],{"class":108},[94,137711,1817],{"class":152},[94,137713,168],{"class":108},[94,137715,1378],{"class":152},[94,137717,136489],{"class":108},[94,137719,136387],{"class":159},[94,137721,137722,137724,137726,137728,137730,137732,137734],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,137723,326],{"class":145},[94,137725,149],{"class":108},[94,137727,1817],{"class":152},[94,137729,168],{"class":108},[94,137731,34809],{"class":152},[94,137733,136489],{"class":108},[94,137735,137736],{"class":159},"  # HELLO WORLD\n",[24,137738,137739,137740,168],{},"If you want the opposite conversion, see the ",[434,137741,126456,137743,567],{"href":137742},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method\u002F",[15,137744,128334],{},[80,137746,2160],{"id":2159},[265,137748,13029,137750,124783],{"id":137749},"does-lower-change-the-original-string",[15,137751,124186],{},[24,137753,137754],{},"No. It returns a new lowercase string. Reassign it if needed.",[265,137756,13029,137758,137760],{"id":137757},"does-lower-take-any-arguments",[15,137759,124186],{}," take any arguments?",[24,137762,137763,137764,168],{},"No. The method is called as ",[15,137765,137766],{},"string.lower()",[265,137768,5479,137770,13041],{"id":137769},"what-does-lower-return",[15,137771,124186],{},[24,137773,137774],{},"It returns a new string with lowercase letters.",[265,137776,2201,137778,137780],{"id":137777},"can-i-use-lower-on-user-input",[15,137779,124186],{}," on user input?",[24,137782,137783,137784,137786],{},"Yes. It is commonly used with ",[15,137785,3314],{}," to compare answers without case problems.",[265,137788,5514,137790,1139,137792,2170],{"id":137789},"what-is-the-difference-between-lower-and-casefold",[15,137791,124186],{},[15,137793,137628],{},[24,137795,137796,137798,137799,137801],{},[15,137797,124186],{}," is simpler and common for beginners. ",[15,137800,137628],{}," is stronger for some Unicode case-insensitive comparisons.",[80,137803,2232],{"id":2231},[28,137805,137806,137810,137816,137822,137828,137832,137836,137842],{},[31,137807,137808],{},[434,137809,51307],{"href":51306},[31,137811,137812],{},[434,137813,126456,137814,567],{"href":137742},[15,137815,128334],{},[31,137817,137818],{},[434,137819,126456,137820,567],{"href":137026},[15,137821,41984],{},[31,137823,137824],{},[434,137825,126456,137826,567],{"href":130037},[15,137827,124627],{},[31,137829,137830],{},[434,137831,124855],{"href":123711},[31,137833,137834],{},[434,137835,90984],{"href":89994},[31,137837,137838],{},[434,137839,13,137840,439],{"href":8554},[15,137841,3314],{},[31,137843,137844],{},[434,137845,137846],{"href":136427},"What is a string in Python?",[2260,137848,137849],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":90,"searchDepth":130,"depth":130,"links":137851},[137852,137854,137855,137856,137857,137858,137859,137868,137870,137882],{"id":136397,"depth":130,"text":137853},"What lower() does",{"id":2513,"depth":130,"text":2514},{"id":11804,"depth":130,"text":11805},{"id":17747,"depth":130,"text":17748},{"id":136846,"depth":130,"text":136847},{"id":15923,"depth":130,"text":15924},{"id":3185,"depth":130,"text":3186,"children":137860},[137861,137862,137863,137865,137866],{"id":26018,"depth":137,"text":26019},{"id":137281,"depth":137,"text":137282},{"id":137375,"depth":137,"text":137864},"Using lower() on a non-string value",{"id":137472,"depth":137,"text":137473},{"id":137625,"depth":137,"text":137867},"When casefold() may be better",{"id":137651,"depth":130,"text":137869},"lower() vs upper()",{"id":2159,"depth":130,"text":2160,"children":137871},[137872,137874,137876,137878,137880],{"id":137749,"depth":137,"text":137873},"Does lower() change the original string?",{"id":137757,"depth":137,"text":137875},"Does lower() take any arguments?",{"id":137769,"depth":137,"text":137877},"What does lower() return?",{"id":137777,"depth":137,"text":137879},"Can I use lower() on user input?",{"id":137789,"depth":137,"text":137881},"What is the difference between lower() and casefold()?",{"id":2231,"depth":130,"text":2232},"Master python string lower method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method",{"title":136314,"description":137883},"reference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method","Aspap5dswZ0jaW6T8G5ZAbmL8ux0eq3khybJYFtYHM8",{"id":137890,"title":137891,"body":137892,"description":139442,"extension":2319,"meta":139443,"navigation":133,"path":139444,"seo":139445,"stem":139446,"__hash__":139447},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method.md","Python String replace() Method",{"type":7,"value":137893,"toc":139403},[137894,137899,137904,137910,137925,137927,137987,137989,137998,138004,138009,138014,138016,138030,138034,138036,138083,138085,138103,138105,138108,138179,138181,138195,138198,138210,138219,138223,138228,138233,138237,138303,138305,138314,138318,138383,138385,138394,138397,138402,138406,138411,138415,138476,138478,138487,138491,138494,138550,138552,138561,138564,138577,138579,138583,138590,138652,138654,138667,138673,138676,138683,138688,138693,138696,138704,138706,138767,138769,138778,138781,138828,138831,138878,138880,138885,138902,138909,138914,138967,138969,138977,138979,139036,139038,139046,139050,139097,139099,139107,139115,139119,139167,139169,139178,139183,139234,139236,139245,139252,139255,139276,139278,139283,139286,139290,139293,139297,139300,139327,139333,139336,139363,139368,139370,139372,139400],[10,137895,123456,137897,11651],{"id":137896},"python-string-replace-method",[15,137898,124627],{},[24,137900,123461,137901,137903],{},[15,137902,124627],{}," method lets you change text inside a string.",[24,137905,137906,137907,137909],{},"This is a beginner-friendly reference page for ",[15,137908,124627],{},". You will learn:",[28,137911,137912,137916,137919,137922],{},[31,137913,2111,137914,218],{},[15,137915,124627],{},[31,137917,137918],{},"how its syntax works",[31,137920,137921],{},"how to replace all matches or only some matches",[31,137923,137924],{},"common mistakes to avoid",[80,137926,2361],{"id":2360},[85,137928,137930],{"className":87,"code":137929,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,137931,137932,137945,137977],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,137933,137934,137936,137938,137940,137943],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,137935,1803],{"class":100},[94,137937,105],{"class":104},[94,137939,1040],{"class":331},[94,137941,137942],{"class":335},"I like cats",[94,137944,1812],{"class":331},[94,137946,137947,137949,137951,137953,137955,137957,137959,137961,137964,137966,137968,137970,137973,137975],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,137948,130295],{"class":100},[94,137950,105],{"class":104},[94,137952,43172],{"class":100},[94,137954,168],{"class":108},[94,137956,35328],{"class":152},[94,137958,149],{"class":108},[94,137960,332],{"class":331},[94,137962,137963],{"class":335},"cats",[94,137965,332],{"class":331},[94,137967,116],{"class":108},[94,137969,1040],{"class":331},[94,137971,137972],{"class":335},"dogs",[94,137974,332],{"class":331},[94,137976,316],{"class":108},[94,137978,137979,137981,137983,137985],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,137980,326],{"class":145},[94,137982,149],{"class":108},[94,137984,130326],{"class":152},[94,137986,316],{"class":108},[24,137988,371],{},[85,137990,137992],{"className":87,"code":137991,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"I like dogs\n",[15,137993,137994],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,137995,137996],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,137997,137991],{"class":100},[24,137999,54,138000,138003],{},[15,138001,138002],{},"replace(old, new)"," to return a new string with matching text changed. The original string is not modified.",[80,138005,215,138007,218],{"id":138006},"what-replace-does",[15,138008,124627],{},[24,138010,138011,138013],{},[15,138012,124627],{}," changes matching text inside a string.",[24,138015,13378],{},[28,138017,138018,138020,138022,138025],{},[31,138019,133704],{},[31,138021,136422],{},[31,138023,138024],{},"It works on exact matches",[31,138026,138027,138028],{},"It replaces all matches unless you limit it with ",[15,138029,41590],{},[24,138031,125208,138032,168],{},[434,138033,125211],{"href":51306},[80,138035,5763],{"id":5762},[85,138037,138039],{"className":87,"code":138038,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"string.replace(old, new)\nstring.replace(old, new, count)\n",[15,138040,138041,138061],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,138042,138043,138045,138047,138049,138051,138054,138056,138059],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,138044,61499],{"class":100},[94,138046,168],{"class":108},[94,138048,35328],{"class":152},[94,138050,149],{"class":108},[94,138052,138053],{"class":152},"old",[94,138055,116],{"class":108},[94,138057,138058],{"class":152}," new",[94,138060,316],{"class":108},[94,138062,138063,138065,138067,138069,138071,138073,138075,138077,138079,138081],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,138064,61499],{"class":100},[94,138066,168],{"class":108},[94,138068,35328],{"class":152},[94,138070,149],{"class":108},[94,138072,138053],{"class":152},[94,138074,116],{"class":108},[94,138076,138058],{"class":152},[94,138078,116],{"class":108},[94,138080,49933],{"class":152},[94,138082,316],{"class":108},[265,138084,17724],{"id":17723},[28,138086,138087,138092,138098],{},[31,138088,138089,138091],{},[15,138090,138053],{}," = the text to find",[31,138093,138094,138097],{},[15,138095,138096],{},"new"," = the replacement text",[31,138099,138100,138102],{},[15,138101,41590],{}," = optional number that limits how many matches are replaced",[80,138104,6118],{"id":6117},[24,138106,138107],{},"Here is a simple example that replaces one word with another:",[85,138109,138111],{"className":87,"code":138110,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\n\nprint(text)\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,138112,138113,138125,138155,138159,138169],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,138114,138115,138117,138119,138121,138123],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,138116,1803],{"class":100},[94,138118,105],{"class":104},[94,138120,1040],{"class":331},[94,138122,137942],{"class":335},[94,138124,1812],{"class":331},[94,138126,138127,138129,138131,138133,138135,138137,138139,138141,138143,138145,138147,138149,138151,138153],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,138128,130295],{"class":100},[94,138130,105],{"class":104},[94,138132,43172],{"class":100},[94,138134,168],{"class":108},[94,138136,35328],{"class":152},[94,138138,149],{"class":108},[94,138140,332],{"class":331},[94,138142,137963],{"class":335},[94,138144,332],{"class":331},[94,138146,116],{"class":108},[94,138148,1040],{"class":331},[94,138150,137972],{"class":335},[94,138152,332],{"class":331},[94,138154,316],{"class":108},[94,138156,138157],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,138158,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,138160,138161,138163,138165,138167],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,138162,326],{"class":145},[94,138164,149],{"class":108},[94,138166,1817],{"class":152},[94,138168,316],{"class":108},[94,138170,138171,138173,138175,138177],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,138172,326],{"class":145},[94,138174,149],{"class":108},[94,138176,130326],{"class":152},[94,138178,316],{"class":108},[24,138180,371],{},[85,138182,138184],{"className":87,"code":138183,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"I like cats\nI like dogs\n",[15,138185,138186,138191],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,138187,138188],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,138189,138190],{"class":100},"I like cats\n",[94,138192,138193],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,138194,137991],{"class":100},[24,138196,138197],{},"Notice what happened:",[28,138199,138200,138205],{},[31,138201,138202,138204],{},[15,138203,1817],{}," did not change",[31,138206,138207,138209],{},[15,138208,130326],{}," contains the updated value",[24,138211,138212,138213,138215,138216,138218],{},"This happens because strings are ",[43,138214,137091],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change a string in place. Methods like ",[15,138217,124627],{}," return a new string instead.",[80,138220,138222],{"id":138221},"replace-only-the-first-matches","Replace only the first matches",[24,138224,90003,138225,138227],{},[15,138226,124627],{}," changes every matching part of the string.",[24,138229,138230,138231,36950],{},"If you only want to replace the first 1 or 2 matches, use the optional ",[15,138232,41590],{},[265,138234,138236],{"id":138235},"replace-only-the-first-match","Replace only the first match",[85,138238,138240],{"className":87,"code":138239,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 1)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138241,138242,138255,138289,138293],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,138243,138244,138246,138248,138250,138253],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,138245,1803],{"class":100},[94,138247,105],{"class":104},[94,138249,1040],{"class":331},[94,138251,138252],{"class":335},"cat cat cat",[94,138254,1812],{"class":331},[94,138256,138257,138259,138261,138263,138265,138267,138269,138271,138273,138275,138277,138279,138281,138283,138285,138287],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,138258,305],{"class":100},[94,138260,105],{"class":104},[94,138262,43172],{"class":100},[94,138264,168],{"class":108},[94,138266,35328],{"class":152},[94,138268,149],{"class":108},[94,138270,332],{"class":331},[94,138272,37376],{"class":335},[94,138274,332],{"class":331},[94,138276,116],{"class":108},[94,138278,1040],{"class":331},[94,138280,58451],{"class":335},[94,138282,332],{"class":331},[94,138284,116],{"class":108},[94,138286,119],{"class":112},[94,138288,316],{"class":108},[94,138290,138291],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,138292,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,138294,138295,138297,138299,138301],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,138296,326],{"class":145},[94,138298,149],{"class":108},[94,138300,902],{"class":152},[94,138302,316],{"class":108},[24,138304,371],{},[85,138306,138308],{"className":87,"code":138307,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"dog cat cat\n",[15,138309,138310],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,138311,138312],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,138313,138307],{"class":100},[265,138315,138317],{"id":138316},"replace-only-the-first-2-matches","Replace only the first 2 matches",[85,138319,138321],{"className":87,"code":138320,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138322,138323,138335,138369,138373],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,138324,138325,138327,138329,138331,138333],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,138326,1803],{"class":100},[94,138328,105],{"class":104},[94,138330,1040],{"class":331},[94,138332,138252],{"class":335},[94,138334,1812],{"class":331},[94,138336,138337,138339,138341,138343,138345,138347,138349,138351,138353,138355,138357,138359,138361,138363,138365,138367],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,138338,305],{"class":100},[94,138340,105],{"class":104},[94,138342,43172],{"class":100},[94,138344,168],{"class":108},[94,138346,35328],{"class":152},[94,138348,149],{"class":108},[94,138350,332],{"class":331},[94,138352,37376],{"class":335},[94,138354,332],{"class":331},[94,138356,116],{"class":108},[94,138358,1040],{"class":331},[94,138360,58451],{"class":335},[94,138362,332],{"class":331},[94,138364,116],{"class":108},[94,138366,124],{"class":112},[94,138368,316],{"class":108},[94,138370,138371],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,138372,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,138374,138375,138377,138379,138381],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,138376,326],{"class":145},[94,138378,149],{"class":108},[94,138380,902],{"class":152},[94,138382,316],{"class":108},[24,138384,371],{},[85,138386,138388],{"className":87,"code":138387,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"dog dog cat\n",[15,138389,138390],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,138391,138392],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,138393,138387],{"class":100},[24,138395,138396],{},"This is useful when you do not want to replace every match in the string.",[24,138398,138399,138400,168],{},"For more practical examples, see ",[434,138401,128180],{"href":124624},[80,138403,138405],{"id":138404},"replacing-characters-and-spaces","Replacing characters and spaces",[24,138407,138408,138410],{},[15,138409,124627],{}," can also change single characters.",[265,138412,138414],{"id":138413},"replace-one-character","Replace one character",[85,138416,138418],{"className":87,"code":138417,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = text.replace(\"a\", \"o\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138419,138420,138432,138462,138466],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,138421,138422,138424,138426,138428,138430],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,138423,1803],{"class":100},[94,138425,105],{"class":104},[94,138427,1040],{"class":331},[94,138429,4432],{"class":335},[94,138431,1812],{"class":331},[94,138433,138434,138436,138438,138440,138442,138444,138446,138448,138450,138452,138454,138456,138458,138460],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,138435,305],{"class":100},[94,138437,105],{"class":104},[94,138439,43172],{"class":100},[94,138441,168],{"class":108},[94,138443,35328],{"class":152},[94,138445,149],{"class":108},[94,138447,332],{"class":331},[94,138449,434],{"class":335},[94,138451,332],{"class":331},[94,138453,116],{"class":108},[94,138455,1040],{"class":331},[94,138457,60798],{"class":335},[94,138459,332],{"class":331},[94,138461,316],{"class":108},[94,138463,138464],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,138465,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,138467,138468,138470,138472,138474],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,138469,326],{"class":145},[94,138471,149],{"class":108},[94,138473,902],{"class":152},[94,138475,316],{"class":108},[24,138477,371],{},[85,138479,138481],{"className":87,"code":138480,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"bonono\n",[15,138482,138483],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,138484,138485],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,138486,138480],{"class":100},[265,138488,138490],{"id":138489},"remove-spaces","Remove spaces",[24,138492,138493],{},"You can remove text by replacing it with an empty string:",[85,138495,138497],{"className":87,"code":138496,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"a b c\"\nresult = text.replace(\" \", \"\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138498,138499,138512,138536,138540],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,138500,138501,138503,138505,138507,138510],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,138502,1803],{"class":100},[94,138504,105],{"class":104},[94,138506,1040],{"class":331},[94,138508,138509],{"class":335},"a b c",[94,138511,1812],{"class":331},[94,138513,138514,138516,138518,138520,138522,138524,138526,138528,138530,138532,138534],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,138515,305],{"class":100},[94,138517,105],{"class":104},[94,138519,43172],{"class":100},[94,138521,168],{"class":108},[94,138523,35328],{"class":152},[94,138525,149],{"class":108},[94,138527,332],{"class":331},[94,138529,1040],{"class":331},[94,138531,116],{"class":108},[94,138533,6458],{"class":331},[94,138535,316],{"class":108},[94,138537,138538],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,138539,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,138541,138542,138544,138546,138548],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,138543,326],{"class":145},[94,138545,149],{"class":108},[94,138547,902],{"class":152},[94,138549,316],{"class":108},[24,138551,371],{},[85,138553,138555],{"className":87,"code":138554,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"abc\n",[15,138556,138557],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,138558,138559],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,138560,138554],{"class":100},[24,138562,138563],{},"This is useful for simple cleanup tasks.",[24,138565,138566,138567,138571,138572,138576],{},"If you need to split text into parts instead of replacing it, see the ",[434,138568,126456,138569,567],{"href":129143},[15,138570,60856],{},". If you only want to remove spaces at the beginning or end, the ",[434,138573,126456,138574,567],{"href":137026},[15,138575,41984],{}," is often a better choice.",[80,138578,124103],{"id":124102},[24,138580,138581,123914],{},[15,138582,124627],{},[24,138584,127501,138585,1139,138587,127508],{},[15,138586,113339],{},[15,138588,138589],{},"\"Cat\"",[85,138591,138593],{"className":87,"code":138592,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"Cat cat CAT\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138594,138595,138608,138638,138642],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,138596,138597,138599,138601,138603,138606],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,138598,1803],{"class":100},[94,138600,105],{"class":104},[94,138602,1040],{"class":331},[94,138604,138605],{"class":335},"Cat cat CAT",[94,138607,1812],{"class":331},[94,138609,138610,138612,138614,138616,138618,138620,138622,138624,138626,138628,138630,138632,138634,138636],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,138611,305],{"class":100},[94,138613,105],{"class":104},[94,138615,43172],{"class":100},[94,138617,168],{"class":108},[94,138619,35328],{"class":152},[94,138621,149],{"class":108},[94,138623,332],{"class":331},[94,138625,37376],{"class":335},[94,138627,332],{"class":331},[94,138629,116],{"class":108},[94,138631,1040],{"class":331},[94,138633,58451],{"class":335},[94,138635,332],{"class":331},[94,138637,316],{"class":108},[94,138639,138640],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,138641,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,138643,138644,138646,138648,138650],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,138645,326],{"class":145},[94,138647,149],{"class":108},[94,138649,902],{"class":152},[94,138651,316],{"class":108},[24,138653,371],{},[85,138655,138657],{"className":87,"code":138656,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"Cat dog CAT\n",[15,138658,138659],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,138660,138661,138664],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,138662,138663],{"class":100},"Cat dog ",[94,138665,138666],{"class":34784},"CAT\n",[24,138668,138669,138670,138672],{},"Only the lowercase ",[15,138671,113339],{}," was replaced.",[24,138674,138675],{},"This is a common beginner problem. If your replacement is not happening, check the letter case carefully.",[24,138677,138678,138679,168],{},"In some cases, converting text first can help. For example, see the ",[434,138680,126456,138681,567],{"href":124183},[15,138682,124186],{},[80,138684,215,138686,2114],{"id":138685},"what-replace-returns",[15,138687,124627],{},[24,138689,138690,138692],{},[15,138691,124627],{}," returns a new string.",[24,138694,138695],{},"If no match is found:",[28,138697,138698,138701],{},[31,138699,138700],{},"no error happens",[31,138702,138703],{},"the returned string has the same content as the original",[24,138705,2566],{},[85,138707,138709],{"className":87,"code":138708,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"hello\"\nresult = text.replace(\"x\", \"y\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138710,138711,138723,138753,138757],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,138712,138713,138715,138717,138719,138721],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,138714,1803],{"class":100},[94,138716,105],{"class":104},[94,138718,1040],{"class":331},[94,138720,4190],{"class":335},[94,138722,1812],{"class":331},[94,138724,138725,138727,138729,138731,138733,138735,138737,138739,138741,138743,138745,138747,138749,138751],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,138726,305],{"class":100},[94,138728,105],{"class":104},[94,138730,43172],{"class":100},[94,138732,168],{"class":108},[94,138734,35328],{"class":152},[94,138736,149],{"class":108},[94,138738,332],{"class":331},[94,138740,2531],{"class":335},[94,138742,332],{"class":331},[94,138744,116],{"class":108},[94,138746,1040],{"class":331},[94,138748,12075],{"class":335},[94,138750,332],{"class":331},[94,138752,316],{"class":108},[94,138754,138755],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,138756,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,138758,138759,138761,138763,138765],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,138760,326],{"class":145},[94,138762,149],{"class":108},[94,138764,902],{"class":152},[94,138766,316],{"class":108},[24,138768,371],{},[85,138770,138772],{"className":87,"code":138771,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"hello\n",[15,138773,138774],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,138775,138776],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,138777,138771],{"class":100},[24,138779,138780],{},"Usually, you either store the result in a new variable:",[85,138782,138784],{"className":87,"code":138783,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"hello world\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,138785,138786,138798],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,138787,138788,138790,138792,138794,138796],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,138789,1803],{"class":100},[94,138791,105],{"class":104},[94,138793,1040],{"class":331},[94,138795,60731],{"class":335},[94,138797,1812],{"class":331},[94,138799,138800,138802,138804,138806,138808,138810,138812,138814,138816,138818,138820,138822,138824,138826],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,138801,130295],{"class":100},[94,138803,105],{"class":104},[94,138805,43172],{"class":100},[94,138807,168],{"class":108},[94,138809,35328],{"class":152},[94,138811,149],{"class":108},[94,138813,332],{"class":331},[94,138815,60916],{"class":335},[94,138817,332],{"class":331},[94,138819,116],{"class":108},[94,138821,1040],{"class":331},[94,138823,7630],{"class":335},[94,138825,332],{"class":331},[94,138827,316],{"class":108},[24,138829,138830],{},"Or reassign it to the same variable:",[85,138832,138834],{"className":87,"code":138833,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"hello world\"\ntext = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,138835,138836,138848],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,138837,138838,138840,138842,138844,138846],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,138839,1803],{"class":100},[94,138841,105],{"class":104},[94,138843,1040],{"class":331},[94,138845,60731],{"class":335},[94,138847,1812],{"class":331},[94,138849,138850,138852,138854,138856,138858,138860,138862,138864,138866,138868,138870,138872,138874,138876],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,138851,1803],{"class":100},[94,138853,105],{"class":104},[94,138855,43172],{"class":100},[94,138857,168],{"class":108},[94,138859,35328],{"class":152},[94,138861,149],{"class":108},[94,138863,332],{"class":331},[94,138865,60916],{"class":335},[94,138867,332],{"class":331},[94,138869,116],{"class":108},[94,138871,1040],{"class":331},[94,138873,7630],{"class":335},[94,138875,332],{"class":331},[94,138877,316],{"class":108},[80,138879,4862],{"id":4861},[24,138881,138882,138883,384],{},"Here are some common mistakes when using ",[15,138884,124627],{},[28,138886,138887,138890,138894,138897],{},[31,138888,138889],{},"Forgetting to save the returned string",[31,138891,8786,138892,131676],{},[15,138893,124627],{},[31,138895,138896],{},"Using the wrong letter case",[31,138898,37533,138899,138901],{},[15,138900,124627],{}," with regex-based replacements",[265,138903,138905,138906,138908],{"id":138904},"mistake-calling-replace-without-assigning-the-result","Mistake: calling ",[15,138907,124627],{}," without assigning the result",[24,138910,138911,138912,384],{},"This does not update ",[15,138913,1817],{},[85,138915,138917],{"className":87,"code":138916,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,138918,138919,138931,138957],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,138920,138921,138923,138925,138927,138929],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,138922,1803],{"class":100},[94,138924,105],{"class":104},[94,138926,1040],{"class":331},[94,138928,137942],{"class":335},[94,138930,1812],{"class":331},[94,138932,138933,138935,138937,138939,138941,138943,138945,138947,138949,138951,138953,138955],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,138934,1817],{"class":100},[94,138936,168],{"class":108},[94,138938,35328],{"class":152},[94,138940,149],{"class":108},[94,138942,332],{"class":331},[94,138944,137963],{"class":335},[94,138946,332],{"class":331},[94,138948,116],{"class":108},[94,138950,1040],{"class":331},[94,138952,137972],{"class":335},[94,138954,332],{"class":331},[94,138956,316],{"class":108},[94,138958,138959,138961,138963,138965],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,138960,326],{"class":145},[94,138962,149],{"class":108},[94,138964,1817],{"class":152},[94,138966,316],{"class":108},[24,138968,371],{},[85,138970,138971],{"className":87,"code":138190,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,138972,138973],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,138974,138975],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,138976,138190],{"class":100},[24,138978,1727],{},[85,138980,138982],{"className":87,"code":138981,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,138983,138984,138996,139026],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,138985,138986,138988,138990,138992,138994],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,138987,1803],{"class":100},[94,138989,105],{"class":104},[94,138991,1040],{"class":331},[94,138993,137942],{"class":335},[94,138995,1812],{"class":331},[94,138997,138998,139000,139002,139004,139006,139008,139010,139012,139014,139016,139018,139020,139022,139024],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,138999,1803],{"class":100},[94,139001,105],{"class":104},[94,139003,43172],{"class":100},[94,139005,168],{"class":108},[94,139007,35328],{"class":152},[94,139009,149],{"class":108},[94,139011,332],{"class":331},[94,139013,137963],{"class":335},[94,139015,332],{"class":331},[94,139017,116],{"class":108},[94,139019,1040],{"class":331},[94,139021,137972],{"class":335},[94,139023,332],{"class":331},[94,139025,316],{"class":108},[94,139027,139028,139030,139032,139034],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,139029,326],{"class":145},[94,139031,149],{"class":108},[94,139033,1817],{"class":152},[94,139035,316],{"class":108},[24,139037,371],{},[85,139039,139040],{"className":87,"code":137991,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,139041,139042],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,139043,139044],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,139045,137991],{"class":100},[265,139047,139049],{"id":139048},"mistake-different-capitalization","Mistake: different capitalization",[85,139051,139053],{"className":87,"code":139052,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"Hello\"\nprint(text.replace(\"hello\", \"Hi\"))\n",[15,139054,139055,139067],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,139056,139057,139059,139061,139063,139065],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,139058,1803],{"class":100},[94,139060,105],{"class":104},[94,139062,1040],{"class":331},[94,139064,35196],{"class":335},[94,139066,1812],{"class":331},[94,139068,139069,139071,139073,139075,139077,139079,139081,139083,139085,139087,139089,139091,139093,139095],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,139070,326],{"class":145},[94,139072,149],{"class":108},[94,139074,1817],{"class":152},[94,139076,168],{"class":108},[94,139078,35328],{"class":152},[94,139080,149],{"class":108},[94,139082,332],{"class":331},[94,139084,4190],{"class":335},[94,139086,332],{"class":331},[94,139088,116],{"class":108},[94,139090,1040],{"class":331},[94,139092,90238],{"class":335},[94,139094,332],{"class":331},[94,139096,921],{"class":108},[24,139098,371],{},[85,139100,139101],{"className":87,"code":89251,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,139102,139103],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,139104,139105],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,139106,89251],{"class":100},[24,139108,139109,139110,1139,139112,139114],{},"Nothing changed because ",[15,139111,64858],{},[15,139113,90719],{}," are not the same.",[265,139116,139118],{"id":139117},"mistake-expecting-only-one-match-to-change","Mistake: expecting only one match to change",[85,139120,139122],{"className":87,"code":139121,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\"))\n",[15,139123,139124,139137],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,139125,139126,139128,139130,139132,139135],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,139127,1803],{"class":100},[94,139129,105],{"class":104},[94,139131,1040],{"class":331},[94,139133,139134],{"class":335},"red red red",[94,139136,1812],{"class":331},[94,139138,139139,139141,139143,139145,139147,139149,139151,139153,139155,139157,139159,139161,139163,139165],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,139140,326],{"class":145},[94,139142,149],{"class":108},[94,139144,1817],{"class":152},[94,139146,168],{"class":108},[94,139148,35328],{"class":152},[94,139150,149],{"class":108},[94,139152,332],{"class":331},[94,139154,13419],{"class":335},[94,139156,332],{"class":331},[94,139158,116],{"class":108},[94,139160,1040],{"class":331},[94,139162,13436],{"class":335},[94,139164,332],{"class":331},[94,139166,921],{"class":108},[24,139168,371],{},[85,139170,139172],{"className":87,"code":139171,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"blue blue blue\n",[15,139173,139174],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,139175,139176],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,139177,139171],{"class":100},[24,139179,139180,139181,384],{},"If you want only one replacement, use ",[15,139182,41590],{},[85,139184,139186],{"className":87,"code":139185,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\", 1))\n",[15,139187,139188,139200],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,139189,139190,139192,139194,139196,139198],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,139191,1803],{"class":100},[94,139193,105],{"class":104},[94,139195,1040],{"class":331},[94,139197,139134],{"class":335},[94,139199,1812],{"class":331},[94,139201,139202,139204,139206,139208,139210,139212,139214,139216,139218,139220,139222,139224,139226,139228,139230,139232],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,139203,326],{"class":145},[94,139205,149],{"class":108},[94,139207,1817],{"class":152},[94,139209,168],{"class":108},[94,139211,35328],{"class":152},[94,139213,149],{"class":108},[94,139215,332],{"class":331},[94,139217,13419],{"class":335},[94,139219,332],{"class":331},[94,139221,116],{"class":108},[94,139223,1040],{"class":331},[94,139225,13436],{"class":335},[94,139227,332],{"class":331},[94,139229,116],{"class":108},[94,139231,119],{"class":112},[94,139233,921],{"class":108},[24,139235,371],{},[85,139237,139239],{"className":87,"code":139238,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"blue red red\n",[15,139240,139241],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,139242,139243],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,139244,139238],{"class":100},[265,139246,139248,139249,139251],{"id":139247},"mistake-using-replace-for-the-wrong-task","Mistake: using ",[15,139250,124627],{}," for the wrong task",[24,139253,139254],{},"Sometimes another method is a better fit:",[28,139256,139257,139264,139271],{},[31,139258,54,139259,139263],{},[434,139260,139261],{"href":129143},[15,139262,60856],{}," to break a string into a list",[31,139265,54,139266,139270],{},[434,139267,139268],{"href":137026},[15,139269,41984],{}," to remove whitespace from the start or end",[31,139272,54,139273,139275],{},[15,139274,124627],{}," for direct text replacement, not pattern matching",[80,139277,2160],{"id":2159},[265,139279,13029,139281,124783],{"id":139280},"does-replace-change-the-original-string",[15,139282,124627],{},[24,139284,139285],{},"No. It returns a new string. Strings in Python cannot be changed in place.",[265,139287,139289],{"id":139288},"what-happens-if-the-text-is-not-found","What happens if the text is not found?",[24,139291,139292],{},"No error is raised. The returned string will have the same content as the original.",[265,139294,139296],{"id":139295},"how-do-i-replace-only-the-first-match","How do I replace only the first match?",[24,139298,139299],{},"Use the third argument:",[85,139301,139303],{"className":87,"code":139302,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text.replace(old, new, 1)\n",[15,139304,139305],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,139306,139307,139309,139311,139313,139315,139317,139319,139321,139323,139325],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,139308,1817],{"class":100},[94,139310,168],{"class":108},[94,139312,35328],{"class":152},[94,139314,149],{"class":108},[94,139316,138053],{"class":152},[94,139318,116],{"class":108},[94,139320,138058],{"class":152},[94,139322,116],{"class":108},[94,139324,119],{"class":112},[94,139326,316],{"class":108},[265,139328,2191,139330,139332],{"id":139329},"can-replace-remove-text",[15,139331,124627],{}," remove text?",[24,139334,139335],{},"Yes. Replace the target text with an empty string:",[85,139337,139339],{"className":87,"code":139338,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text.replace(\"x\", \"\")\n",[15,139340,139341],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,139342,139343,139345,139347,139349,139351,139353,139355,139357,139359,139361],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,139344,1817],{"class":100},[94,139346,168],{"class":108},[94,139348,35328],{"class":152},[94,139350,149],{"class":108},[94,139352,332],{"class":331},[94,139354,2531],{"class":335},[94,139356,332],{"class":331},[94,139358,116],{"class":108},[94,139360,6458],{"class":331},[94,139362,316],{"class":108},[265,139364,15230,139366,124792],{"id":139365},"is-replace-case-sensitive",[15,139367,124627],{},[24,139369,129985],{},[80,139371,2232],{"id":2231},[28,139373,139374,139378,139384,139390,139396],{},[31,139375,139376],{},[434,139377,124862],{"href":124624},[31,139379,139380],{},[434,139381,126456,139382,567],{"href":129143},[15,139383,60856],{},[31,139385,139386],{},[434,139387,126456,139388,567],{"href":137026},[15,139389,41984],{},[31,139391,139392],{},[434,139393,126456,139394,567],{"href":124183},[15,139395,124186],{},[31,139397,139398],{},[434,139399,125211],{"href":51306},[2260,139401,139402],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":90,"searchDepth":130,"depth":130,"links":139404},[139405,139406,139408,139411,139412,139416,139420,139421,139423,139431,139441],{"id":2360,"depth":130,"text":2361},{"id":138006,"depth":130,"text":139407},"What replace() does",{"id":5762,"depth":130,"text":5763,"children":139409},[139410],{"id":17723,"depth":137,"text":17724},{"id":6117,"depth":130,"text":6118},{"id":138221,"depth":130,"text":138222,"children":139413},[139414,139415],{"id":138235,"depth":137,"text":138236},{"id":138316,"depth":137,"text":138317},{"id":138404,"depth":130,"text":138405,"children":139417},[139418,139419],{"id":138413,"depth":137,"text":138414},{"id":138489,"depth":137,"text":138490},{"id":124102,"depth":130,"text":124103},{"id":138685,"depth":130,"text":139422},"What replace() returns",{"id":4861,"depth":130,"text":4862,"children":139424},[139425,139427,139428,139429],{"id":138904,"depth":137,"text":139426},"Mistake: calling replace() without assigning the result",{"id":139048,"depth":137,"text":139049},{"id":139117,"depth":137,"text":139118},{"id":139247,"depth":137,"text":139430},"Mistake: using replace() for the wrong task",{"id":2159,"depth":130,"text":2160,"children":139432},[139433,139435,139436,139437,139439],{"id":139280,"depth":137,"text":139434},"Does replace() change the original string?",{"id":139288,"depth":137,"text":139289},{"id":139295,"depth":137,"text":139296},{"id":139329,"depth":137,"text":139438},"Can replace() remove text?",{"id":139365,"depth":137,"text":139440},"Is replace() case-sensitive?",{"id":2231,"depth":130,"text":2232},"Master python string replace method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method",{"title":137891,"description":139442},"reference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method","lYZLw0KoN3c2cS-3ldMsrOTghF8no1rzCHdzSFeQbp8",{"id":139449,"title":139450,"body":139451,"description":141470,"extension":2319,"meta":141471,"navigation":133,"path":141472,"seo":141473,"stem":141474,"__hash__":141475},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method.md","Python String split() Method",{"type":7,"value":139452,"toc":141434},[139453,139458,139463,139466,139477,139479,139534,139539,139544,139551,139553,139568,139570,139626,139628,139666,139671,139673,139697,139700,139713,139718,139720,139752,139754,139787,139793,139798,139801,139811,139814,139816,139872,139874,139924,139927,139935,139938,139994,139996,140069,140082,140090,140094,140105,140108,140111,140164,140166,140198,140201,140255,140257,140292,140295,140300,140305,140310,140313,140315,140373,140375,140409,140411,140426,140429,140431,140473,140475,140501,140506,140514,140517,140519,140601,140603,140654,140657,140668,140676,140678,140751,140753,140771,140775,140778,140782,140809,140811,140819,140823,140858,140860,140873,140877,140880,140919,140921,140938,140943,140948,140959,140962,140973,140975,140977,141003,141006,141055,141057,141074,141077,141079,141131,141133,141165,141168,141226,141231,141233,141238,141341,141343,141357,141359,141366,141371,141376,141381,141386,141391,141394,141398,141403,141405,141431],[10,139454,123456,139456,11651],{"id":139455},"python-string-split-method",[15,139457,60856],{},[24,139459,123461,139460,139462],{},[15,139461,60856],{}," method breaks a string into smaller parts and returns those parts as a list.",[24,139464,139465],{},"Use it when you want to turn one string into multiple strings, such as:",[28,139467,139468,139471,139474],{},[31,139469,139470],{},"splitting a sentence into words",[31,139472,139473],{},"splitting comma-separated text",[31,139475,139476],{},"breaking simple structured text into pieces",[80,139478,2361],{"id":2360},[85,139480,139482],{"className":87,"code":139481,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\nprint(parts)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,139483,139484,139497,139519,139529],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,139485,139486,139488,139490,139492,139495],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,139487,1803],{"class":100},[94,139489,105],{"class":104},[94,139491,1040],{"class":331},[94,139493,139494],{"class":335},"apple,banana,cherry",[94,139496,1812],{"class":331},[94,139498,139499,139501,139503,139505,139507,139509,139511,139513,139515,139517],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,139500,43167],{"class":100},[94,139502,105],{"class":104},[94,139504,43172],{"class":100},[94,139506,168],{"class":108},[94,139508,34800],{"class":152},[94,139510,149],{"class":108},[94,139512,332],{"class":331},[94,139514,116],{"class":335},[94,139516,332],{"class":331},[94,139518,316],{"class":108},[94,139520,139521,139523,139525,139527],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,139522,326],{"class":145},[94,139524,149],{"class":108},[94,139526,43199],{"class":152},[94,139528,316],{"class":108},[94,139530,139531],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,139532,139533],{"class":159},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[24,139535,54,139536,139538],{},[15,139537,60856],{}," when you want to turn one string into a list of smaller strings.",[80,139540,215,139542,218],{"id":139541},"what-split-does",[15,139543,60856],{},[24,139545,139546,132504,139548,168],{},[15,139547,60856],{},[43,139549,139550],{},"string method",[24,139552,226],{},[28,139554,139555,139558,139563],{},[31,139556,139557],{},"divides a string into parts",[31,139559,231,139560],{},[43,139561,139562],{},"new list of strings",[31,139564,237,139565,139567],{},[43,139566,45],{}," change the original string",[24,139569,2566],{},[85,139571,139573],{"className":87,"code":139572,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"red blue green\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(text)\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139574,139575,139588,139602,139606,139616],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,139576,139577,139579,139581,139583,139586],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,139578,1803],{"class":100},[94,139580,105],{"class":104},[94,139582,1040],{"class":331},[94,139584,139585],{"class":335},"red blue green",[94,139587,1812],{"class":331},[94,139589,139590,139592,139594,139596,139598,139600],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,139591,43167],{"class":100},[94,139593,105],{"class":104},[94,139595,43172],{"class":100},[94,139597,168],{"class":108},[94,139599,34800],{"class":152},[94,139601,511],{"class":108},[94,139603,139604],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,139605,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,139607,139608,139610,139612,139614],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,139609,326],{"class":145},[94,139611,149],{"class":108},[94,139613,1817],{"class":152},[94,139615,316],{"class":108},[94,139617,139618,139620,139622,139624],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,139619,326],{"class":145},[94,139621,149],{"class":108},[94,139623,43199],{"class":152},[94,139625,316],{"class":108},[24,139627,371],{},[85,139629,139631],{"className":87,"code":139630,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"red blue green\n['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,139632,139633,139638],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,139634,139635],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,139636,139637],{"class":100},"red blue green\n",[94,139639,139640,139642,139644,139646,139648,139650,139652,139654,139656,139658,139660,139662,139664],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,139641,539],{"class":108},[94,139643,968],{"class":331},[94,139645,13419],{"class":335},[94,139647,968],{"class":331},[94,139649,116],{"class":108},[94,139651,962],{"class":331},[94,139653,13436],{"class":335},[94,139655,968],{"class":331},[94,139657,116],{"class":108},[94,139659,962],{"class":331},[94,139661,17785],{"class":335},[94,139663,968],{"class":331},[94,139665,127],{"class":108},[24,139667,139668,139669,168],{},"If you are new to string methods, see ",[434,139670,125211],{"href":51306},[80,139672,2514],{"id":2513},[85,139674,139676],{"className":87,"code":139675,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"string.split(separator, maxsplit)\n",[15,139677,139678],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,139679,139680,139682,139684,139686,139688,139690,139692,139695],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,139681,61499],{"class":100},[94,139683,168],{"class":108},[94,139685,34800],{"class":152},[94,139687,149],{"class":108},[94,139689,133860],{"class":152},[94,139691,116],{"class":108},[94,139693,139694],{"class":152}," maxsplit",[94,139696,316],{"class":108},[24,139698,139699],{},"Both arguments are optional:",[28,139701,139702,139707],{},[31,139703,139704,139706],{},[15,139705,133860],{}," tells Python where to split",[31,139708,139709,139712],{},[15,139710,139711],{},"maxsplit"," limits how many splits happen",[24,139714,9208,139715,139717],{},[15,139716,133860],{}," is not given, Python splits on whitespace.",[24,139719,2566],{},[85,139721,139723],{"className":87,"code":139722,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"one two three\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,139724,139725,139738],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,139726,139727,139729,139731,139733,139736],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,139728,1803],{"class":100},[94,139730,105],{"class":104},[94,139732,1040],{"class":331},[94,139734,139735],{"class":335},"one two three",[94,139737,1812],{"class":331},[94,139739,139740,139742,139744,139746,139748,139750],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,139741,326],{"class":145},[94,139743,149],{"class":108},[94,139745,1817],{"class":152},[94,139747,168],{"class":108},[94,139749,34800],{"class":152},[94,139751,7527],{"class":108},[24,139753,371],{},[85,139755,139757],{"className":87,"code":139756,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"['one', 'two', 'three']\n",[15,139758,139759],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,139760,139761,139763,139765,139767,139769,139771,139773,139775,139777,139779,139781,139783,139785],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,139762,539],{"class":108},[94,139764,968],{"class":331},[94,139766,6917],{"class":335},[94,139768,968],{"class":331},[94,139770,116],{"class":108},[94,139772,962],{"class":331},[94,139774,79579],{"class":335},[94,139776,968],{"class":331},[94,139778,116],{"class":108},[94,139780,962],{"class":331},[94,139782,134342],{"class":335},[94,139784,968],{"class":331},[94,139786,127],{"class":108},[80,139788,1484,139790,139792],{"id":139789},"using-split-with-no-separator",[15,139791,60856],{}," with no separator",[24,139794,70498,139795,139797],{},[15,139796,60856],{}," with no argument, Python splits on whitespace.",[24,139799,139800],{},"Whitespace includes:",[28,139802,139803,139805,139808],{},[31,139804,10784],{},[31,139806,139807],{},"tabs",[31,139809,139810],{},"new lines",[24,139812,139813],{},"Python also treats repeated whitespace as a single separator.",[24,139815,2566],{},[85,139817,139819],{"className":87,"code":139818,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"Python   is\\tfun\\nand useful\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139820,139821,139844,139858,139862],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,139822,139823,139825,139827,139829,139832,139835,139837,139839,139842],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,139824,1803],{"class":100},[94,139826,105],{"class":104},[94,139828,1040],{"class":331},[94,139830,139831],{"class":335},"Python   is",[94,139833,139834],{"class":34784},"\\t",[94,139836,133596],{"class":335},[94,139838,87455],{"class":34784},[94,139840,139841],{"class":335},"and useful",[94,139843,1812],{"class":331},[94,139845,139846,139848,139850,139852,139854,139856],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,139847,43167],{"class":100},[94,139849,105],{"class":104},[94,139851,43172],{"class":100},[94,139853,168],{"class":108},[94,139855,34800],{"class":152},[94,139857,511],{"class":108},[94,139859,139860],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,139861,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,139863,139864,139866,139868,139870],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,139865,326],{"class":145},[94,139867,149],{"class":108},[94,139869,43199],{"class":152},[94,139871,316],{"class":108},[24,139873,371],{},[85,139875,139877],{"className":87,"code":139876,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"['Python', 'is', 'fun', 'and', 'useful']\n",[15,139878,139879],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,139880,139881,139883,139885,139887,139889,139891,139893,139895,139897,139899,139901,139903,139905,139907,139909,139911,139913,139915,139917,139920,139922],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,139882,539],{"class":108},[94,139884,968],{"class":331},[94,139886,7630],{"class":335},[94,139888,968],{"class":331},[94,139890,116],{"class":108},[94,139892,962],{"class":331},[94,139894,12519],{"class":335},[94,139896,968],{"class":331},[94,139898,116],{"class":108},[94,139900,962],{"class":331},[94,139902,133596],{"class":335},[94,139904,968],{"class":331},[94,139906,116],{"class":108},[94,139908,962],{"class":331},[94,139910,130221],{"class":335},[94,139912,968],{"class":331},[94,139914,116],{"class":108},[94,139916,962],{"class":331},[94,139918,139919],{"class":335},"useful",[94,139921,968],{"class":331},[94,139923,127],{"class":108},[24,139925,139926],{},"This is useful when you want simple word splitting.",[265,139928,139930,18,139932],{"id":139929},"split-vs-split",[15,139931,60856],{},[15,139933,139934],{},"split(' ')",[24,139936,139937],{},"These are not the same.",[85,139939,139941],{"className":87,"code":139940,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"a  b   c\"\n\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(\" \"))\n",[15,139942,139943,139956,139960,139974],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,139944,139945,139947,139949,139951,139954],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,139946,1803],{"class":100},[94,139948,105],{"class":104},[94,139950,1040],{"class":331},[94,139952,139953],{"class":335},"a  b   c",[94,139955,1812],{"class":331},[94,139957,139958],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,139959,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,139961,139962,139964,139966,139968,139970,139972],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,139963,326],{"class":145},[94,139965,149],{"class":108},[94,139967,1817],{"class":152},[94,139969,168],{"class":108},[94,139971,34800],{"class":152},[94,139973,7527],{"class":108},[94,139975,139976,139978,139980,139982,139984,139986,139988,139990,139992],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,139977,326],{"class":145},[94,139979,149],{"class":108},[94,139981,1817],{"class":152},[94,139983,168],{"class":108},[94,139985,34800],{"class":152},[94,139987,149],{"class":108},[94,139989,332],{"class":331},[94,139991,1040],{"class":331},[94,139993,921],{"class":108},[24,139995,371],{},[85,139997,139999],{"className":87,"code":139998,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', '', 'b', '', '', 'c']\n",[15,140000,140001,140029],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,140002,140003,140005,140007,140009,140011,140013,140015,140017,140019,140021,140023,140025,140027],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,140004,539],{"class":108},[94,140006,968],{"class":331},[94,140008,434],{"class":335},[94,140010,968],{"class":331},[94,140012,116],{"class":108},[94,140014,962],{"class":331},[94,140016,1937],{"class":335},[94,140018,968],{"class":331},[94,140020,116],{"class":108},[94,140022,962],{"class":331},[94,140024,1946],{"class":335},[94,140026,968],{"class":331},[94,140028,127],{"class":108},[94,140030,140031,140033,140035,140037,140039,140041,140043,140045,140047,140049,140051,140053,140055,140057,140059,140061,140063,140065,140067],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,140032,539],{"class":108},[94,140034,968],{"class":331},[94,140036,434],{"class":335},[94,140038,968],{"class":331},[94,140040,116],{"class":108},[94,140042,4183],{"class":331},[94,140044,116],{"class":108},[94,140046,962],{"class":331},[94,140048,1937],{"class":335},[94,140050,968],{"class":331},[94,140052,116],{"class":108},[94,140054,4183],{"class":331},[94,140056,116],{"class":108},[94,140058,4183],{"class":331},[94,140060,116],{"class":108},[94,140062,962],{"class":331},[94,140064,1946],{"class":335},[94,140066,968],{"class":331},[94,140068,127],{"class":108},[28,140070,140071,140076],{},[31,140072,140073,140075],{},[15,140074,60856],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces",[31,140077,140078,140081],{},[15,140079,140080],{},"split(\" \")"," only splits on the space character and can create empty strings",[24,140083,140084,140085,140089],{},"If you need to clean extra spaces before or after text, ",[434,140086,126456,140087,567],{"href":137026},[15,140088,41984],{}," is often useful.",[80,140091,140093],{"id":140092},"using-a-custom-separator","Using a custom separator",[24,140095,140096,140097,2547,140100,2551,140102,168],{},"You can pass your own separator, such as ",[15,140098,140099],{},"\",\"",[15,140101,133695],{},[15,140103,140104],{},"\"::\"",[24,140106,140107],{},"Python splits only where that exact separator appears.",[24,140109,140110],{},"Example with commas:",[85,140112,140114],{"className":87,"code":140113,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,140115,140116,140128,140150,140154],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,140117,140118,140120,140122,140124,140126],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,140119,1803],{"class":100},[94,140121,105],{"class":104},[94,140123,1040],{"class":331},[94,140125,139494],{"class":335},[94,140127,1812],{"class":331},[94,140129,140130,140132,140134,140136,140138,140140,140142,140144,140146,140148],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,140131,43167],{"class":100},[94,140133,105],{"class":104},[94,140135,43172],{"class":100},[94,140137,168],{"class":108},[94,140139,34800],{"class":152},[94,140141,149],{"class":108},[94,140143,332],{"class":331},[94,140145,116],{"class":335},[94,140147,332],{"class":331},[94,140149,316],{"class":108},[94,140151,140152],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,140153,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,140155,140156,140158,140160,140162],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,140157,326],{"class":145},[94,140159,149],{"class":108},[94,140161,43199],{"class":152},[94,140163,316],{"class":108},[24,140165,371],{},[85,140167,140168],{"className":87,"code":78761,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,140169,140170],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,140171,140172,140174,140176,140178,140180,140182,140184,140186,140188,140190,140192,140194,140196],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,140173,539],{"class":108},[94,140175,968],{"class":331},[94,140177,1332],{"class":335},[94,140179,968],{"class":331},[94,140181,116],{"class":108},[94,140183,962],{"class":331},[94,140185,4432],{"class":335},[94,140187,968],{"class":331},[94,140189,116],{"class":108},[94,140191,962],{"class":331},[94,140193,4441],{"class":335},[94,140195,968],{"class":331},[94,140197,127],{"class":108},[24,140199,140200],{},"Example with a longer separator:",[85,140202,140204],{"className":87,"code":140203,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"2024::10::31\"\nparts = text.split(\"::\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,140205,140206,140219,140241,140245],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,140207,140208,140210,140212,140214,140217],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,140209,1803],{"class":100},[94,140211,105],{"class":104},[94,140213,1040],{"class":331},[94,140215,140216],{"class":335},"2024::10::31",[94,140218,1812],{"class":331},[94,140220,140221,140223,140225,140227,140229,140231,140233,140235,140237,140239],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,140222,43167],{"class":100},[94,140224,105],{"class":104},[94,140226,43172],{"class":100},[94,140228,168],{"class":108},[94,140230,34800],{"class":152},[94,140232,149],{"class":108},[94,140234,332],{"class":331},[94,140236,76983],{"class":335},[94,140238,332],{"class":331},[94,140240,316],{"class":108},[94,140242,140243],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,140244,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,140246,140247,140249,140251,140253],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,140248,326],{"class":145},[94,140250,149],{"class":108},[94,140252,43199],{"class":152},[94,140254,316],{"class":108},[24,140256,371],{},[85,140258,140260],{"className":87,"code":140259,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"['2024', '10', '31']\n",[15,140261,140262],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,140263,140264,140266,140268,140271,140273,140275,140277,140279,140281,140283,140285,140288,140290],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,140265,539],{"class":108},[94,140267,968],{"class":331},[94,140269,140270],{"class":335},"2024",[94,140272,968],{"class":331},[94,140274,116],{"class":108},[94,140276,962],{"class":331},[94,140278,2688],{"class":335},[94,140280,968],{"class":331},[94,140282,116],{"class":108},[94,140284,962],{"class":331},[94,140286,140287],{"class":335},"31",[94,140289,968],{"class":331},[94,140291,127],{"class":108},[24,140293,140294],{},"This is common when working with simple data formats.",[24,140296,140297,140298,168],{},"For more task-focused examples, see ",[434,140299,129140],{"href":129139},[80,140301,1484,140303],{"id":140302},"using-maxsplit",[15,140304,139711],{},[24,140306,140307,140309],{},[15,140308,139711],{}," limits the number of splits.",[24,140311,140312],{},"After that limit is reached, the rest of the string stays together in the last item.",[24,140314,2566],{},[85,140316,140318],{"className":87,"code":140317,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"name:age:city:country\"\nparts = text.split(\":\", 2)\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,140319,140320,140333,140359,140363],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,140321,140322,140324,140326,140328,140331],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,140323,1803],{"class":100},[94,140325,105],{"class":104},[94,140327,1040],{"class":331},[94,140329,140330],{"class":335},"name:age:city:country",[94,140332,1812],{"class":331},[94,140334,140335,140337,140339,140341,140343,140345,140347,140349,140351,140353,140355,140357],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,140336,43167],{"class":100},[94,140338,105],{"class":104},[94,140340,43172],{"class":100},[94,140342,168],{"class":108},[94,140344,34800],{"class":152},[94,140346,149],{"class":108},[94,140348,332],{"class":331},[94,140350,384],{"class":335},[94,140352,332],{"class":331},[94,140354,116],{"class":108},[94,140356,124],{"class":112},[94,140358,316],{"class":108},[94,140360,140361],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,140362,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,140364,140365,140367,140369,140371],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,140366,326],{"class":145},[94,140368,149],{"class":108},[94,140370,43199],{"class":152},[94,140372,316],{"class":108},[24,140374,371],{},[85,140376,140378],{"className":87,"code":140377,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"['name', 'age', 'city:country']\n",[15,140379,140380],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,140381,140382,140384,140386,140388,140390,140392,140394,140396,140398,140400,140402,140405,140407],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,140383,539],{"class":108},[94,140385,968],{"class":331},[94,140387,8001],{"class":335},[94,140389,968],{"class":331},[94,140391,116],{"class":108},[94,140393,962],{"class":331},[94,140395,9631],{"class":335},[94,140397,968],{"class":331},[94,140399,116],{"class":108},[94,140401,962],{"class":331},[94,140403,140404],{"class":335},"city:country",[94,140406,968],{"class":331},[94,140408,127],{"class":108},[24,140410,2536],{},[28,140412,140413,140418,140423],{},[31,140414,140415,140416],{},"Python splits at the first ",[15,140417,384],{},[31,140419,140420,140421],{},"then splits at the second ",[15,140422,384],{},[31,140424,140425],{},"then stops",[24,140427,140428],{},"This is useful when only the first few separators matter.",[24,140430,52409],{},[85,140432,140434],{"className":87,"code":140433,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"apple banana cherry grape\"\nprint(text.split(\" \", 1))\n",[15,140435,140436,140449],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,140437,140438,140440,140442,140444,140447],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,140439,1803],{"class":100},[94,140441,105],{"class":104},[94,140443,1040],{"class":331},[94,140445,140446],{"class":335},"apple banana cherry grape",[94,140448,1812],{"class":331},[94,140450,140451,140453,140455,140457,140459,140461,140463,140465,140467,140469,140471],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,140452,326],{"class":145},[94,140454,149],{"class":108},[94,140456,1817],{"class":152},[94,140458,168],{"class":108},[94,140460,34800],{"class":152},[94,140462,149],{"class":108},[94,140464,332],{"class":331},[94,140466,1040],{"class":331},[94,140468,116],{"class":108},[94,140470,119],{"class":112},[94,140472,921],{"class":108},[24,140474,371],{},[85,140476,140478],{"className":87,"code":140477,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"['apple', 'banana cherry grape']\n",[15,140479,140480],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,140481,140482,140484,140486,140488,140490,140492,140494,140497,140499],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,140483,539],{"class":108},[94,140485,968],{"class":331},[94,140487,1332],{"class":335},[94,140489,968],{"class":331},[94,140491,116],{"class":108},[94,140493,962],{"class":331},[94,140495,140496],{"class":335},"banana cherry grape",[94,140498,968],{"class":331},[94,140500,127],{"class":108},[80,140502,215,140504,2114],{"id":140503},"what-split-returns",[15,140505,60856],{},[24,140507,140508,140509,140511,140512,168],{},"The result of ",[15,140510,60856],{}," is always a ",[43,140513,965],{},[24,140515,140516],{},"Each item in that list is a string.",[24,140518,2566],{},[85,140520,140522],{"className":87,"code":140521,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"cat,dog,bird\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\nprint(type(parts))\nprint(parts[0])\n",[15,140523,140524,140537,140559,140563,140573,140587],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,140525,140526,140528,140530,140532,140535],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,140527,1803],{"class":100},[94,140529,105],{"class":104},[94,140531,1040],{"class":331},[94,140533,140534],{"class":335},"cat,dog,bird",[94,140536,1812],{"class":331},[94,140538,140539,140541,140543,140545,140547,140549,140551,140553,140555,140557],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,140540,43167],{"class":100},[94,140542,105],{"class":104},[94,140544,43172],{"class":100},[94,140546,168],{"class":108},[94,140548,34800],{"class":152},[94,140550,149],{"class":108},[94,140552,332],{"class":331},[94,140554,116],{"class":335},[94,140556,332],{"class":331},[94,140558,316],{"class":108},[94,140560,140561],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,140562,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,140564,140565,140567,140569,140571],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,140566,326],{"class":145},[94,140568,149],{"class":108},[94,140570,43199],{"class":152},[94,140572,316],{"class":108},[94,140574,140575,140577,140579,140581,140583,140585],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,140576,326],{"class":145},[94,140578,149],{"class":108},[94,140580,914],{"class":913},[94,140582,149],{"class":108},[94,140584,43199],{"class":152},[94,140586,921],{"class":108},[94,140588,140589,140591,140593,140595,140597,140599],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,140590,326],{"class":145},[94,140592,149],{"class":108},[94,140594,43199],{"class":152},[94,140596,539],{"class":108},[94,140598,2476],{"class":112},[94,140600,4234],{"class":108},[24,140602,371],{},[85,140604,140606],{"className":87,"code":140605,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\ncat\n",[15,140607,140608,140636,140650],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,140609,140610,140612,140614,140616,140618,140620,140622,140624,140626,140628,140630,140632,140634],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,140611,539],{"class":108},[94,140613,968],{"class":331},[94,140615,37376],{"class":335},[94,140617,968],{"class":331},[94,140619,116],{"class":108},[94,140621,962],{"class":331},[94,140623,58451],{"class":335},[94,140625,968],{"class":331},[94,140627,116],{"class":108},[94,140629,962],{"class":331},[94,140631,58468],{"class":335},[94,140633,968],{"class":331},[94,140635,127],{"class":108},[94,140637,140638,140640,140642,140644,140646,140648],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,140639,955],{"class":104},[94,140641,959],{"class":958},[94,140643,962],{"class":331},[94,140645,965],{"class":335},[94,140647,968],{"class":331},[94,140649,971],{"class":104},[94,140651,140652],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,140653,85771],{"class":100},[24,140655,140656],{},"Because the result is a list, you can:",[28,140658,140659,140662,140665],{},[31,140660,140661],{},"loop over it",[31,140663,140664],{},"access items by index",[31,140666,140667],{},"combine items again later",[24,140669,140670,140671,168],{},"If you want to turn the list back into one string, use ",[434,140672,126456,140674,567],{"href":140673},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method\u002F",[15,140675,133538],{},[24,140677,2566],{},[85,140679,140681],{"className":87,"code":140680,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"parts = ['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\ntext = \"-\".join(parts)\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,140682,140683,140715,140737,140741],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,140684,140685,140687,140689,140691,140693,140695,140697,140699,140701,140703,140705,140707,140709,140711,140713],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,140686,43167],{"class":100},[94,140688,105],{"class":104},[94,140690,109],{"class":108},[94,140692,968],{"class":331},[94,140694,37376],{"class":335},[94,140696,968],{"class":331},[94,140698,116],{"class":108},[94,140700,962],{"class":331},[94,140702,58451],{"class":335},[94,140704,968],{"class":331},[94,140706,116],{"class":108},[94,140708,962],{"class":331},[94,140710,58468],{"class":335},[94,140712,968],{"class":331},[94,140714,127],{"class":108},[94,140716,140717,140719,140721,140723,140725,140727,140729,140731,140733,140735],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,140718,1803],{"class":100},[94,140720,105],{"class":104},[94,140722,1040],{"class":331},[94,140724,2380],{"class":335},[94,140726,332],{"class":331},[94,140728,168],{"class":108},[94,140730,133615],{"class":152},[94,140732,149],{"class":108},[94,140734,43199],{"class":152},[94,140736,316],{"class":108},[94,140738,140739],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,140740,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,140742,140743,140745,140747,140749],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,140744,326],{"class":145},[94,140746,149],{"class":108},[94,140748,1817],{"class":152},[94,140750,316],{"class":108},[24,140752,371],{},[85,140754,140756],{"className":87,"code":140755,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"cat-dog-bird\n",[15,140757,140758],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,140759,140760,140762,140764,140766,140768],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,140761,37376],{"class":100},[94,140763,2380],{"class":104},[94,140765,58451],{"class":100},[94,140767,2380],{"class":104},[94,140769,140770],{"class":100},"bird\n",[80,140772,140774],{"id":140773},"common-edge-cases","Common edge cases",[24,140776,140777],{},"Here are some cases that often surprise beginners.",[265,140779,140781],{"id":140780},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-no-separator","Splitting an empty string with no separator",[85,140783,140785],{"className":87,"code":140784,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,140786,140787,140795],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,140788,140789,140791,140793],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,140790,1803],{"class":100},[94,140792,105],{"class":104},[94,140794,8216],{"class":331},[94,140796,140797,140799,140801,140803,140805,140807],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,140798,326],{"class":145},[94,140800,149],{"class":108},[94,140802,1817],{"class":152},[94,140804,168],{"class":108},[94,140806,34800],{"class":152},[94,140808,7527],{"class":108},[24,140810,371],{},[85,140812,140813],{"className":87,"code":38627,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,140814,140815],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,140816,140817],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,140818,38627],{"class":108},[265,140820,140822],{"id":140821},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-a-custom-separator","Splitting an empty string with a custom separator",[85,140824,140826],{"className":87,"code":140825,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,140827,140828,140836],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,140829,140830,140832,140834],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,140831,1803],{"class":100},[94,140833,105],{"class":104},[94,140835,8216],{"class":331},[94,140837,140838,140840,140842,140844,140846,140848,140850,140852,140854,140856],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,140839,326],{"class":145},[94,140841,149],{"class":108},[94,140843,1817],{"class":152},[94,140845,168],{"class":108},[94,140847,34800],{"class":152},[94,140849,149],{"class":108},[94,140851,332],{"class":331},[94,140853,116],{"class":335},[94,140855,332],{"class":331},[94,140857,921],{"class":108},[24,140859,371],{},[85,140861,140863],{"className":87,"code":140862,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"['']\n",[15,140864,140865],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,140866,140867,140869,140871],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,140868,539],{"class":108},[94,140870,4118],{"class":331},[94,140872,127],{"class":108},[265,140874,140876],{"id":140875},"separator-not-found","Separator not found",[24,140878,140879],{},"If Python does not find the separator, it returns a one-item list containing the original string.",[85,140881,140883],{"className":87,"code":140882,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,140884,140885,140897],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,140886,140887,140889,140891,140893,140895],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,140888,1803],{"class":100},[94,140890,105],{"class":104},[94,140892,1040],{"class":331},[94,140894,4190],{"class":335},[94,140896,1812],{"class":331},[94,140898,140899,140901,140903,140905,140907,140909,140911,140913,140915,140917],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,140900,326],{"class":145},[94,140902,149],{"class":108},[94,140904,1817],{"class":152},[94,140906,168],{"class":108},[94,140908,34800],{"class":152},[94,140910,149],{"class":108},[94,140912,332],{"class":331},[94,140914,116],{"class":335},[94,140916,332],{"class":331},[94,140918,921],{"class":108},[24,140920,371],{},[85,140922,140924],{"className":87,"code":140923,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"['hello']\n",[15,140925,140926],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,140927,140928,140930,140932,140934,140936],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,140929,539],{"class":108},[94,140931,968],{"class":331},[94,140933,4190],{"class":335},[94,140935,968],{"class":331},[94,140937,127],{"class":108},[80,140939,815,140941],{"id":140940},"when-to-use-split",[15,140942,60856],{},[24,140944,54,140945,140947],{},[15,140946,60856],{}," when you need to:",[28,140949,140950,140953,140956],{},[31,140951,140952],{},"split a sentence into words",[31,140954,140955],{},"split comma-separated values",[31,140957,140958],{},"break lines or simple structured text into parts",[24,140960,140961],{},"It is especially useful for tasks like:",[28,140963,140964,140967,140970],{},[31,140965,140966],{},"cleaning text",[31,140968,140969],{},"parsing user input",[31,140971,140972],{},"processing simple file content",[80,140974,3186],{"id":3185},[24,140976,84543],{},[28,140978,140979,140983,140989,140992,141000],{},[31,140980,1999,140981,131676],{},[15,140982,60856],{},[31,140984,140985,140986,140988],{},"forgetting that ",[15,140987,60856],{}," returns a list, not a string",[31,140990,140991],{},"using the wrong separator",[31,140993,140994,140995,140997,140998],{},"assuming ",[15,140996,139934],{}," behaves the same as ",[15,140999,60856],{},[31,141001,141002],{},"using an index that does not exist after splitting",[24,141004,141005],{},"Example of a common mistake:",[85,141007,141009],{"className":87,"code":141008,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"a,b,c\"\ntext.split(\",\")\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,141010,141011,141023,141041,141045],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,141012,141013,141015,141017,141019,141021],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,141014,1803],{"class":100},[94,141016,105],{"class":104},[94,141018,1040],{"class":331},[94,141020,43160],{"class":335},[94,141022,1812],{"class":331},[94,141024,141025,141027,141029,141031,141033,141035,141037,141039],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,141026,1817],{"class":100},[94,141028,168],{"class":108},[94,141030,34800],{"class":152},[94,141032,149],{"class":108},[94,141034,332],{"class":331},[94,141036,116],{"class":335},[94,141038,332],{"class":331},[94,141040,316],{"class":108},[94,141042,141043],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,141044,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,141046,141047,141049,141051,141053],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,141048,326],{"class":145},[94,141050,149],{"class":108},[94,141052,1817],{"class":152},[94,141054,316],{"class":108},[24,141056,371],{},[85,141058,141060],{"className":87,"code":141059,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"a,b,c\n",[15,141061,141062],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,141063,141064,141066,141068,141070,141072],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,141065,434],{"class":100},[94,141067,116],{"class":108},[94,141069,1937],{"class":100},[94,141071,116],{"class":108},[94,141073,69570],{"class":100},[24,141075,141076],{},"This happens because the result was not saved.",[24,141078,1727],{},[85,141080,141081],{"className":87,"code":43147,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,141082,141083,141095,141117,141121],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,141084,141085,141087,141089,141091,141093],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,141086,1803],{"class":100},[94,141088,105],{"class":104},[94,141090,1040],{"class":331},[94,141092,43160],{"class":335},[94,141094,1812],{"class":331},[94,141096,141097,141099,141101,141103,141105,141107,141109,141111,141113,141115],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,141098,43167],{"class":100},[94,141100,105],{"class":104},[94,141102,43172],{"class":100},[94,141104,168],{"class":108},[94,141106,34800],{"class":152},[94,141108,149],{"class":108},[94,141110,332],{"class":331},[94,141112,116],{"class":335},[94,141114,332],{"class":331},[94,141116,316],{"class":108},[94,141118,141119],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,141120,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,141122,141123,141125,141127,141129],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,141124,326],{"class":145},[94,141126,149],{"class":108},[94,141128,43199],{"class":152},[94,141130,316],{"class":108},[24,141132,371],{},[85,141134,141135],{"className":87,"code":43206,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,141136,141137],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,141138,141139,141141,141143,141145,141147,141149,141151,141153,141155,141157,141159,141161,141163],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,141140,539],{"class":108},[94,141142,968],{"class":331},[94,141144,434],{"class":335},[94,141146,968],{"class":331},[94,141148,116],{"class":108},[94,141150,962],{"class":331},[94,141152,1937],{"class":335},[94,141154,968],{"class":331},[94,141156,116],{"class":108},[94,141158,962],{"class":331},[94,141160,1946],{"class":335},[94,141162,968],{"class":331},[94,141164,127],{"class":108},[24,141166,141167],{},"Another common problem is using an index that does not exist:",[85,141169,141171],{"className":87,"code":141170,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"apple,banana\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts[2])\n",[15,141172,141173,141186,141208,141212],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,141174,141175,141177,141179,141181,141184],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,141176,1803],{"class":100},[94,141178,105],{"class":104},[94,141180,1040],{"class":331},[94,141182,141183],{"class":335},"apple,banana",[94,141185,1812],{"class":331},[94,141187,141188,141190,141192,141194,141196,141198,141200,141202,141204,141206],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,141189,43167],{"class":100},[94,141191,105],{"class":104},[94,141193,43172],{"class":100},[94,141195,168],{"class":108},[94,141197,34800],{"class":152},[94,141199,149],{"class":108},[94,141201,332],{"class":331},[94,141203,116],{"class":335},[94,141205,332],{"class":331},[94,141207,316],{"class":108},[94,141209,141210],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,141211,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,141213,141214,141216,141218,141220,141222,141224],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,141215,326],{"class":145},[94,141217,149],{"class":108},[94,141219,43199],{"class":152},[94,141221,539],{"class":108},[94,141223,763],{"class":112},[94,141225,4234],{"class":108},[24,141227,141228,141229,168],{},"This causes an error because there is no third item. If you need help with that, see ",[434,141230,69583],{"href":69582},[265,141232,61035],{"id":61034},[24,141234,9208,141235,141237],{},[15,141236,60856],{}," is not giving the result you expect, try printing these:",[85,141239,141241],{"className":87,"code":141240,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(text)\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(','))\nprint(len(text.split(',')))\nprint(type(text.split(',')))\n",[15,141242,141243,141253,141267,141289,141315],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,141244,141245,141247,141249,141251],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,141246,326],{"class":145},[94,141248,149],{"class":108},[94,141250,1817],{"class":152},[94,141252,316],{"class":108},[94,141254,141255,141257,141259,141261,141263,141265],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,141256,326],{"class":145},[94,141258,149],{"class":108},[94,141260,1817],{"class":152},[94,141262,168],{"class":108},[94,141264,34800],{"class":152},[94,141266,7527],{"class":108},[94,141268,141269,141271,141273,141275,141277,141279,141281,141283,141285,141287],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,141270,326],{"class":145},[94,141272,149],{"class":108},[94,141274,1817],{"class":152},[94,141276,168],{"class":108},[94,141278,34800],{"class":152},[94,141280,149],{"class":108},[94,141282,968],{"class":331},[94,141284,116],{"class":335},[94,141286,968],{"class":331},[94,141288,921],{"class":108},[94,141290,141291,141293,141295,141297,141299,141301,141303,141305,141307,141309,141311,141313],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,141292,326],{"class":145},[94,141294,149],{"class":108},[94,141296,11490],{"class":145},[94,141298,149],{"class":108},[94,141300,1817],{"class":152},[94,141302,168],{"class":108},[94,141304,34800],{"class":152},[94,141306,149],{"class":108},[94,141308,968],{"class":331},[94,141310,116],{"class":335},[94,141312,968],{"class":331},[94,141314,3268],{"class":108},[94,141316,141317,141319,141321,141323,141325,141327,141329,141331,141333,141335,141337,141339],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,141318,326],{"class":145},[94,141320,149],{"class":108},[94,141322,914],{"class":913},[94,141324,149],{"class":108},[94,141326,1817],{"class":152},[94,141328,168],{"class":108},[94,141330,34800],{"class":152},[94,141332,149],{"class":108},[94,141334,968],{"class":331},[94,141336,116],{"class":335},[94,141338,968],{"class":331},[94,141340,3268],{"class":108},[24,141342,11499],{},[28,141344,141345,141348,141351,141354],{},[31,141346,141347],{},"what the original string looks like",[31,141349,141350],{},"which separator works",[31,141352,141353],{},"how many items were created",[31,141355,141356],{},"that the result is a list",[80,141358,2160],{"id":2159},[265,141360,5514,141362,1139,141364,2170],{"id":141361},"what-is-the-difference-between-split-and-split",[15,141363,60856],{},[15,141365,139934],{},[24,141367,141368,141370],{},[15,141369,60856],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces.",[24,141372,141373,141375],{},[15,141374,139934],{}," only splits on the space character and can produce empty strings.",[265,141377,13029,141379,124783],{"id":141378},"does-split-change-the-original-string",[15,141380,60856],{},[24,141382,141383,141384,56803],{},"No. Strings are immutable. ",[15,141385,60856],{},[265,141387,5479,141389,40290],{"id":141388},"what-does-maxsplit-do",[15,141390,139711],{},[24,141392,141393],{},"It sets the maximum number of splits. After that, the rest of the string stays in the final list item.",[265,141395,141397],{"id":141396},"why-am-i-getting-a-list-instead-of-a-string","Why am I getting a list instead of a string?",[24,141399,29392,141400,141402],{},[15,141401,60856],{}," always returns a list of strings.",[80,141404,2232],{"id":2231},[28,141406,141407,141411,141417,141423,141427],{},[31,141408,141409],{},[434,141410,130061],{"href":129139},[31,141412,141413],{},[434,141414,126456,141415,567],{"href":140673},[15,141416,133538],{},[31,141418,141419],{},[434,141420,126456,141421,567],{"href":137026},[15,141422,41984],{},[31,141424,141425],{},[434,141426,125211],{"href":51306},[31,141428,141429],{},[434,141430,69583],{"href":69582},[2260,141432,141433],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":90,"searchDepth":130,"depth":130,"links":141435},[141436,141437,141439,141440,141445,141446,141448,141450,141455,141457,141460,141469],{"id":2360,"depth":130,"text":2361},{"id":139541,"depth":130,"text":141438},"What split() does",{"id":2513,"depth":130,"text":2514},{"id":139789,"depth":130,"text":141441,"children":141442},"Using split() with no separator",[141443],{"id":139929,"depth":137,"text":141444},"split() vs split(' ')",{"id":140092,"depth":130,"text":140093},{"id":140302,"depth":130,"text":141447},"Using maxsplit",{"id":140503,"depth":130,"text":141449},"What split() returns",{"id":140773,"depth":130,"text":140774,"children":141451},[141452,141453,141454],{"id":140780,"depth":137,"text":140781},{"id":140821,"depth":137,"text":140822},{"id":140875,"depth":137,"text":140876},{"id":140940,"depth":130,"text":141456},"When to use split()",{"id":3185,"depth":130,"text":3186,"children":141458},[141459],{"id":61034,"depth":137,"text":61035},{"id":2159,"depth":130,"text":2160,"children":141461},[141462,141464,141466,141468],{"id":141361,"depth":137,"text":141463},"What is the difference between split() and split(' ')?",{"id":141378,"depth":137,"text":141465},"Does split() change the original string?",{"id":141388,"depth":137,"text":141467},"What does maxsplit do?",{"id":141396,"depth":137,"text":141397},{"id":2231,"depth":130,"text":2232},"Master python string split method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method",{"title":139450,"description":141470},"reference\u002Fpython-string-split-method","cCGXdWx7_YYjF-3k7XJupk3UdiQY7ADrDK7YZ7Egp2A",{"id":141477,"title":141478,"body":141479,"description":143422,"extension":2319,"meta":143423,"navigation":133,"path":143424,"seo":143425,"stem":143426,"__hash__":143427},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method.md","Python String startswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":141480,"toc":143381},[141481,141486,141491,141498,141571,141576,141581,141586,141602,141604,141674,141676,141678,141698,141700,141745,141750,141752,141850,141855,141859,141864,141868,141871,141913,141917,141920,141965,141969,141972,142022,142026,142031,142083,142085,142090,142101,142106,142186,142188,142200,142209,142216,142231,142233,142348,142354,142358,142361,142366,142508,142511,142518,142520,142524,142532,142601,142607,142656,142661,142666,142668,142688,142690,142756,142758,142762,142765,142769,142810,142812,142845,142850,142853,142880,142882,142925,142932,142937,142947,143013,143017,143025,143030,143081,143085,143088,143090,143099,143101,143151,143153,143260,143262,143267,143274,143280,143283,143314,143319,143321,143328,143336,143345,143348,143350,143378],[10,141482,123456,141484,11651],{"id":141483},"python-string-startswith-method",[15,141485,127824],{},[24,141487,123461,141488,141490],{},[15,141489,127824],{}," method checks whether a string begins with specific text.",[24,141492,126522,141493,2167,141495,141497],{},[15,141494,1225],{},[15,141496,4020],{}," answer. Beginners often use it to test commands, filenames, labels, and other text patterns.",[85,141499,141501],{"className":87,"code":141500,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"Python Beginner Help\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Python\"))   # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"Beginner\")) # False\n",[15,141502,141503,141516,141520,141545],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,141504,141505,141507,141509,141511,141514],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,141506,1803],{"class":100},[94,141508,105],{"class":104},[94,141510,1040],{"class":331},[94,141512,141513],{"class":335},"Python Beginner Help",[94,141515,1812],{"class":331},[94,141517,141518],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,141519,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,141521,141522,141524,141526,141528,141530,141533,141535,141537,141539,141541,141543],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,141523,326],{"class":145},[94,141525,149],{"class":108},[94,141527,1817],{"class":152},[94,141529,168],{"class":108},[94,141531,141532],{"class":152},"startswith",[94,141534,149],{"class":108},[94,141536,332],{"class":331},[94,141538,7630],{"class":335},[94,141540,332],{"class":331},[94,141542,5693],{"class":108},[94,141544,44186],{"class":159},[94,141546,141547,141549,141551,141553,141555,141557,141559,141561,141564,141566,141568],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,141548,326],{"class":145},[94,141550,149],{"class":108},[94,141552,1817],{"class":152},[94,141554,168],{"class":108},[94,141556,141532],{"class":152},[94,141558,149],{"class":108},[94,141560,332],{"class":331},[94,141562,141563],{"class":335},"Beginner",[94,141565,332],{"class":331},[94,141567,5693],{"class":108},[94,141569,141570],{"class":159}," # False\n",[24,141572,54,141573,141575],{},[15,141574,127824],{}," when you want to check whether a string begins with certain text.",[80,141577,215,141579,218],{"id":141578},"what-startswith-does",[15,141580,127824],{},[24,141582,141583,141585],{},[15,141584,127824],{}," is a string method that checks the beginning of a string.",[28,141587,141588,141591,141597,141599],{},[31,141589,141590],{},"It checks whether a string begins with a given value",[31,141592,5485,141593,2167,141595],{},[15,141594,1225],{},[15,141596,4020],{},[31,141598,123599],{},[31,141600,141601],{},"It works only on strings",[24,141603,2566],{},[85,141605,141607],{"className":87,"code":141606,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"name = \"Python\"\n\nprint(name.startswith(\"Py\"))   # True\nprint(name.startswith(\"py\"))   # False\n",[15,141608,141609,141621,141625,141650],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,141610,141611,141613,141615,141617,141619],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,141612,8211],{"class":100},[94,141614,105],{"class":104},[94,141616,1040],{"class":331},[94,141618,7630],{"class":335},[94,141620,1812],{"class":331},[94,141622,141623],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,141624,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,141626,141627,141629,141631,141633,141635,141637,141639,141641,141644,141646,141648],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,141628,326],{"class":145},[94,141630,149],{"class":108},[94,141632,8001],{"class":152},[94,141634,168],{"class":108},[94,141636,141532],{"class":152},[94,141638,149],{"class":108},[94,141640,332],{"class":331},[94,141642,141643],{"class":335},"Py",[94,141645,332],{"class":331},[94,141647,5693],{"class":108},[94,141649,44186],{"class":159},[94,141651,141652,141654,141656,141658,141660,141662,141664,141666,141668,141670,141672],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,141653,326],{"class":145},[94,141655,149],{"class":108},[94,141657,8001],{"class":152},[94,141659,168],{"class":108},[94,141661,141532],{"class":152},[94,141663,149],{"class":108},[94,141665,332],{"class":331},[94,141667,128902],{"class":335},[94,141669,332],{"class":331},[94,141671,5693],{"class":108},[94,141673,44203],{"class":159},[80,141675,2514],{"id":2513},[24,141677,42715],{},[85,141679,141681],{"className":87,"code":141680,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"string.startswith(prefix)\n",[15,141682,141683],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,141684,141685,141687,141689,141691,141693,141696],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,141686,61499],{"class":100},[94,141688,168],{"class":108},[94,141690,141532],{"class":152},[94,141692,149],{"class":108},[94,141694,141695],{"class":152},"prefix",[94,141697,316],{"class":108},[24,141699,31095],{},[85,141701,141703],{"className":87,"code":141702,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"string.startswith(prefix, start)\nstring.startswith(prefix, start, end)\n",[15,141704,141705,141723],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,141706,141707,141709,141711,141713,141715,141717,141719,141721],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,141708,61499],{"class":100},[94,141710,168],{"class":108},[94,141712,141532],{"class":152},[94,141714,149],{"class":108},[94,141716,141695],{"class":152},[94,141718,116],{"class":108},[94,141720,36379],{"class":152},[94,141722,316],{"class":108},[94,141724,141725,141727,141729,141731,141733,141735,141737,141739,141741,141743],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,141726,61499],{"class":100},[94,141728,168],{"class":108},[94,141730,141532],{"class":152},[94,141732,149],{"class":108},[94,141734,141695],{"class":152},[94,141736,116],{"class":108},[94,141738,36379],{"class":152},[94,141740,116],{"class":108},[94,141742,65364],{"class":152},[94,141744,316],{"class":108},[24,141746,21102,141747,141749],{},[15,141748,141695],{}," is the text you want to check at the beginning.",[24,141751,2566],{},[85,141753,141755],{"className":87,"code":141754,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"hello\"))      # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))      # False\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))   # True\n",[15,141756,141757,141769,141773,141798,141822],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,141758,141759,141761,141763,141765,141767],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,141760,1803],{"class":100},[94,141762,105],{"class":104},[94,141764,1040],{"class":331},[94,141766,60731],{"class":335},[94,141768,1812],{"class":331},[94,141770,141771],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,141772,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,141774,141775,141777,141779,141781,141783,141785,141787,141789,141791,141793,141795],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,141776,326],{"class":145},[94,141778,149],{"class":108},[94,141780,1817],{"class":152},[94,141782,168],{"class":108},[94,141784,141532],{"class":152},[94,141786,149],{"class":108},[94,141788,332],{"class":331},[94,141790,4190],{"class":335},[94,141792,332],{"class":331},[94,141794,5693],{"class":108},[94,141796,141797],{"class":159},"      # True\n",[94,141799,141800,141802,141804,141806,141808,141810,141812,141814,141816,141818,141820],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,141801,326],{"class":145},[94,141803,149],{"class":108},[94,141805,1817],{"class":152},[94,141807,168],{"class":108},[94,141809,141532],{"class":152},[94,141811,149],{"class":108},[94,141813,332],{"class":331},[94,141815,60916],{"class":335},[94,141817,332],{"class":331},[94,141819,5693],{"class":108},[94,141821,21532],{"class":159},[94,141823,141824,141826,141828,141830,141832,141834,141836,141838,141840,141842,141844,141846,141848],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,141825,326],{"class":145},[94,141827,149],{"class":108},[94,141829,1817],{"class":152},[94,141831,168],{"class":108},[94,141833,141532],{"class":152},[94,141835,149],{"class":108},[94,141837,332],{"class":331},[94,141839,60916],{"class":335},[94,141841,332],{"class":331},[94,141843,116],{"class":108},[94,141845,37973],{"class":112},[94,141847,5693],{"class":108},[94,141849,44186],{"class":159},[24,141851,141852,141853,168],{},"If you are new to Python strings, see ",[434,141854,125211],{"href":51306},[80,141856,141858],{"id":141857},"parameters-explained","Parameters explained",[24,141860,141861,141863],{},[15,141862,127824],{}," can take up to three arguments.",[265,141865,141866],{"id":141695},[15,141867,141695],{},[24,141869,141870],{},"This is the starting text you want to match.",[85,141872,141874],{"className":87,"code":141873,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"ban\"))  # True\n",[15,141875,141876,141888],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,141877,141878,141880,141882,141884,141886],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,141879,1803],{"class":100},[94,141881,105],{"class":104},[94,141883,1040],{"class":331},[94,141885,4432],{"class":335},[94,141887,1812],{"class":331},[94,141889,141890,141892,141894,141896,141898,141900,141902,141904,141907,141909,141911],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,141891,326],{"class":145},[94,141893,149],{"class":108},[94,141895,1817],{"class":152},[94,141897,168],{"class":108},[94,141899,141532],{"class":152},[94,141901,149],{"class":108},[94,141903,332],{"class":331},[94,141905,141906],{"class":335},"ban",[94,141908,332],{"class":331},[94,141910,5693],{"class":108},[94,141912,4010],{"class":159},[265,141914,141915],{"id":36400},[15,141916,36400],{},[24,141918,141919],{},"This optional number tells Python where to begin checking.",[85,141921,141923],{"className":87,"code":141922,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))  # True\n",[15,141924,141925,141937],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,141926,141927,141929,141931,141933,141935],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,141928,1803],{"class":100},[94,141930,105],{"class":104},[94,141932,1040],{"class":331},[94,141934,60731],{"class":335},[94,141936,1812],{"class":331},[94,141938,141939,141941,141943,141945,141947,141949,141951,141953,141955,141957,141959,141961,141963],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,141940,326],{"class":145},[94,141942,149],{"class":108},[94,141944,1817],{"class":152},[94,141946,168],{"class":108},[94,141948,141532],{"class":152},[94,141950,149],{"class":108},[94,141952,332],{"class":331},[94,141954,60916],{"class":335},[94,141956,332],{"class":331},[94,141958,116],{"class":108},[94,141960,37973],{"class":112},[94,141962,5693],{"class":108},[94,141964,4010],{"class":159},[265,141966,141967],{"id":52990},[15,141968,52990],{},[24,141970,141971],{},"This optional number tells Python where to stop checking.",[85,141973,141975],{"className":87,"code":141974,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"wor\", 6, 9))  # True\n",[15,141976,141977,141989],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,141978,141979,141981,141983,141985,141987],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,141980,1803],{"class":100},[94,141982,105],{"class":104},[94,141984,1040],{"class":331},[94,141986,60731],{"class":335},[94,141988,1812],{"class":331},[94,141990,141991,141993,141995,141997,141999,142001,142003,142005,142008,142010,142012,142014,142016,142018,142020],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,141992,326],{"class":145},[94,141994,149],{"class":108},[94,141996,1817],{"class":152},[94,141998,168],{"class":108},[94,142000,141532],{"class":152},[94,142002,149],{"class":108},[94,142004,332],{"class":331},[94,142006,142007],{"class":335},"wor",[94,142009,332],{"class":331},[94,142011,116],{"class":108},[94,142013,37973],{"class":112},[94,142015,116],{"class":108},[94,142017,54464],{"class":112},[94,142019,5693],{"class":108},[94,142021,4010],{"class":159},[265,142023,142025],{"id":142024},"multiple-prefixes","Multiple prefixes",[24,142027,142028,142030],{},[15,142029,141695],{}," can also be a tuple of strings. This lets you test more than one possible beginning.",[85,142032,142034],{"className":87,"code":142033,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"filename = \"img_001.png\"\nprint(filename.startswith((\"img_\", \"photo_\")))  # True\n",[15,142035,142036,142049],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,142037,142038,142040,142042,142044,142047],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,142039,126539],{"class":100},[94,142041,105],{"class":104},[94,142043,1040],{"class":331},[94,142045,142046],{"class":335},"img_001.png",[94,142048,1812],{"class":331},[94,142050,142051,142053,142055,142057,142059,142061,142063,142065,142068,142070,142072,142074,142077,142079,142081],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,142052,326],{"class":145},[94,142054,149],{"class":108},[94,142056,126557],{"class":152},[94,142058,168],{"class":108},[94,142060,141532],{"class":152},[94,142062,5842],{"class":108},[94,142064,332],{"class":331},[94,142066,142067],{"class":335},"img_",[94,142069,332],{"class":331},[94,142071,116],{"class":108},[94,142073,1040],{"class":331},[94,142075,142076],{"class":335},"photo_",[94,142078,332],{"class":331},[94,142080,51421],{"class":108},[94,142082,4010],{"class":159},[80,142084,17748],{"id":17747},[24,142086,142087,142089],{},[15,142088,127824],{}," always returns a Boolean value:",[28,142091,142092,142097],{},[31,142093,142094,142096],{},[15,142095,1225],{}," if the string starts with the prefix",[31,142098,142099,127141],{},[15,142100,4020],{},[24,142102,142103,142104,7505],{},"This makes it useful in ",[15,142105,7330],{},[85,142107,142109],{"className":87,"code":142108,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"command = \"\u002Fhelp\"\n\nif command.startswith(\"\u002F\"):\n    print(\"This looks like a command.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is normal text.\")\n",[15,142110,142111,142125,142129,142150,142165,142171],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,142112,142113,142116,142118,142120,142123],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,142114,142115],{"class":100},"command ",[94,142117,105],{"class":104},[94,142119,1040],{"class":331},[94,142121,142122],{"class":335},"\u002Fhelp",[94,142124,1812],{"class":331},[94,142126,142127],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,142128,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,142130,142131,142133,142136,142138,142140,142142,142144,142146,142148],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,142132,7330],{"class":4221},[94,142134,142135],{"class":100}," command",[94,142137,168],{"class":108},[94,142139,141532],{"class":152},[94,142141,149],{"class":108},[94,142143,332],{"class":331},[94,142145,127348],{"class":335},[94,142147,332],{"class":331},[94,142149,8676],{"class":108},[94,142151,142152,142154,142156,142158,142161,142163],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,142153,8404],{"class":145},[94,142155,149],{"class":108},[94,142157,332],{"class":331},[94,142159,142160],{"class":335},"This looks like a command.",[94,142162,332],{"class":331},[94,142164,316],{"class":108},[94,142166,142167,142169],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,142168,27765],{"class":4221},[94,142170,6726],{"class":108},[94,142172,142173,142175,142177,142179,142182,142184],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,142174,8404],{"class":145},[94,142176,149],{"class":108},[94,142178,332],{"class":331},[94,142180,142181],{"class":335},"This is normal text.",[94,142183,332],{"class":331},[94,142185,316],{"class":108},[24,142187,371],{},[85,142189,142191],{"className":87,"code":142190,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"This looks like a command.\n",[15,142192,142193],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,142194,142195,142198],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,142196,142197],{"class":100},"This looks like a command",[94,142199,122488],{"class":108},[80,142201,1484,142203,9037,142205,1139,142207],{"id":142202},"using-startswith-with-start-and-end",[15,142204,127824],{},[15,142206,36400],{},[15,142208,52990],{},[24,142210,2336,142211,1139,142213,142215],{},[15,142212,36400],{},[15,142214,52990],{}," arguments let you check part of a string without slicing it yourself.",[28,142217,142218,142223,142228],{},[31,142219,142220,142222],{},[15,142221,36400],{}," lets you begin checking from a later position",[31,142224,142225,142227],{},[15,142226,52990],{}," limits the part of the string being checked",[31,142229,142230],{},"This is useful when working with substrings",[24,142232,2566],{},[85,142234,142236],{"className":87,"code":142235,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"one two three\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"two\", 4))        # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 13))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 12))  # False\n",[15,142237,142238,142250,142254,142283,142316],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,142239,142240,142242,142244,142246,142248],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,142241,1803],{"class":100},[94,142243,105],{"class":104},[94,142245,1040],{"class":331},[94,142247,139735],{"class":335},[94,142249,1812],{"class":331},[94,142251,142252],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,142253,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,142255,142256,142258,142260,142262,142264,142266,142268,142270,142272,142274,142276,142278,142280],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,142257,326],{"class":145},[94,142259,149],{"class":108},[94,142261,1817],{"class":152},[94,142263,168],{"class":108},[94,142265,141532],{"class":152},[94,142267,149],{"class":108},[94,142269,332],{"class":331},[94,142271,79579],{"class":335},[94,142273,332],{"class":331},[94,142275,116],{"class":108},[94,142277,624],{"class":112},[94,142279,5693],{"class":108},[94,142281,142282],{"class":159},"        # True\n",[94,142284,142285,142287,142289,142291,142293,142295,142297,142299,142301,142303,142305,142307,142309,142312,142314],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,142286,326],{"class":145},[94,142288,149],{"class":108},[94,142290,1817],{"class":152},[94,142292,168],{"class":108},[94,142294,141532],{"class":152},[94,142296,149],{"class":108},[94,142298,332],{"class":331},[94,142300,134342],{"class":335},[94,142302,332],{"class":331},[94,142304,116],{"class":108},[94,142306,6692],{"class":112},[94,142308,116],{"class":108},[94,142310,142311],{"class":112}," 13",[94,142313,5693],{"class":108},[94,142315,4010],{"class":159},[94,142317,142318,142320,142322,142324,142326,142328,142330,142332,142334,142336,142338,142340,142342,142344,142346],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,142319,326],{"class":145},[94,142321,149],{"class":108},[94,142323,1817],{"class":152},[94,142325,168],{"class":108},[94,142327,141532],{"class":152},[94,142329,149],{"class":108},[94,142331,332],{"class":331},[94,142333,134342],{"class":335},[94,142335,332],{"class":331},[94,142337,116],{"class":108},[94,142339,6692],{"class":112},[94,142341,116],{"class":108},[94,142343,31274],{"class":112},[94,142345,5693],{"class":108},[94,142347,5114],{"class":159},[24,142349,142350,142351,142353],{},"In the last example, the ",[15,142352,52990],{}," position stops too early, so the full prefix cannot match.",[80,142355,142357],{"id":142356},"using-multiple-prefixes","Using multiple prefixes",[24,142359,142360],{},"If more than one prefix is allowed, pass a tuple.",[24,142362,142363,142364,49679],{},"This is cleaner than writing several ",[15,142365,41167],{},[85,142367,142369],{"className":87,"code":142368,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"filename1 = \"img_101.jpg\"\nfilename2 = \"photo_202.jpg\"\nfilename3 = \"doc_303.jpg\"\n\nallowed = (\"img_\", \"photo_\")\n\nprint(filename1.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename2.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename3.startswith(allowed))  # False\n",[15,142370,142371,142385,142399,142413,142417,142441,142445,142466,142487],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,142372,142373,142376,142378,142380,142383],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,142374,142375],{"class":100},"filename1 ",[94,142377,105],{"class":104},[94,142379,1040],{"class":331},[94,142381,142382],{"class":335},"img_101.jpg",[94,142384,1812],{"class":331},[94,142386,142387,142390,142392,142394,142397],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,142388,142389],{"class":100},"filename2 ",[94,142391,105],{"class":104},[94,142393,1040],{"class":331},[94,142395,142396],{"class":335},"photo_202.jpg",[94,142398,1812],{"class":331},[94,142400,142401,142404,142406,142408,142411],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,142402,142403],{"class":100},"filename3 ",[94,142405,105],{"class":104},[94,142407,1040],{"class":331},[94,142409,142410],{"class":335},"doc_303.jpg",[94,142412,1812],{"class":331},[94,142414,142415],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,142416,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,142418,142419,142421,142423,142425,142427,142429,142431,142433,142435,142437,142439],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,142420,127751],{"class":100},[94,142422,105],{"class":104},[94,142424,854],{"class":108},[94,142426,332],{"class":331},[94,142428,142067],{"class":335},[94,142430,332],{"class":331},[94,142432,116],{"class":108},[94,142434,1040],{"class":331},[94,142436,142076],{"class":335},[94,142438,332],{"class":331},[94,142440,316],{"class":108},[94,142442,142443],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,142444,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,142446,142447,142449,142451,142454,142456,142458,142460,142462,142464],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,142448,326],{"class":145},[94,142450,149],{"class":108},[94,142452,142453],{"class":152},"filename1",[94,142455,168],{"class":108},[94,142457,141532],{"class":152},[94,142459,149],{"class":108},[94,142461,127803],{"class":152},[94,142463,5693],{"class":108},[94,142465,4010],{"class":159},[94,142467,142468,142470,142472,142475,142477,142479,142481,142483,142485],{"class":96,"line":702},[94,142469,326],{"class":145},[94,142471,149],{"class":108},[94,142473,142474],{"class":152},"filename2",[94,142476,168],{"class":108},[94,142478,141532],{"class":152},[94,142480,149],{"class":108},[94,142482,127803],{"class":152},[94,142484,5693],{"class":108},[94,142486,4010],{"class":159},[94,142488,142489,142491,142493,142496,142498,142500,142502,142504,142506],{"class":96,"line":6763},[94,142490,326],{"class":145},[94,142492,149],{"class":108},[94,142494,142495],{"class":152},"filename3",[94,142497,168],{"class":108},[94,142499,141532],{"class":152},[94,142501,149],{"class":108},[94,142503,127803],{"class":152},[94,142505,5693],{"class":108},[94,142507,5114],{"class":159},[24,142509,142510],{},"This is especially helpful when checking file naming rules.",[24,142512,75089,142513,142517],{},[434,142514,126456,142515,567],{"href":130050},[15,142516,126514],{}," if you need to check the end of a string instead.",[80,142519,124103],{"id":124102},[24,142521,142522,123914],{},[15,142523,127824],{},[24,142525,127501,142526,1139,142529,127508],{},[15,142527,142528],{},"\"Python\"",[15,142530,142531],{},"\"python\"",[85,142533,142535],{"className":87,"code":142534,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"py\"))  # False\n",[15,142536,142537,142549,142553,142577],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,142538,142539,142541,142543,142545,142547],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,142540,1803],{"class":100},[94,142542,105],{"class":104},[94,142544,1040],{"class":331},[94,142546,7630],{"class":335},[94,142548,1812],{"class":331},[94,142550,142551],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,142552,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,142554,142555,142557,142559,142561,142563,142565,142567,142569,142571,142573,142575],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,142556,326],{"class":145},[94,142558,149],{"class":108},[94,142560,1817],{"class":152},[94,142562,168],{"class":108},[94,142564,141532],{"class":152},[94,142566,149],{"class":108},[94,142568,332],{"class":331},[94,142570,141643],{"class":335},[94,142572,332],{"class":331},[94,142574,5693],{"class":108},[94,142576,4010],{"class":159},[94,142578,142579,142581,142583,142585,142587,142589,142591,142593,142595,142597,142599],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,142580,326],{"class":145},[94,142582,149],{"class":108},[94,142584,1817],{"class":152},[94,142586,168],{"class":108},[94,142588,141532],{"class":152},[94,142590,149],{"class":108},[94,142592,332],{"class":331},[94,142594,128902],{"class":335},[94,142596,332],{"class":331},[94,142598,5693],{"class":108},[94,142600,5114],{"class":159},[24,142602,127593,142603,168],{},[434,142604,142605],{"href":124183},[15,142606,124186],{},[85,142608,142610],{"className":87,"code":142609,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))  # True\n",[15,142611,142612,142624,142628],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,142613,142614,142616,142618,142620,142622],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,142615,1803],{"class":100},[94,142617,105],{"class":104},[94,142619,1040],{"class":331},[94,142621,7630],{"class":335},[94,142623,1812],{"class":331},[94,142625,142626],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,142627,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,142629,142630,142632,142634,142636,142638,142640,142642,142644,142646,142648,142650,142652,142654],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,142631,326],{"class":145},[94,142633,149],{"class":108},[94,142635,1817],{"class":152},[94,142637,168],{"class":108},[94,142639,1378],{"class":152},[94,142641,8971],{"class":108},[94,142643,141532],{"class":152},[94,142645,149],{"class":108},[94,142647,332],{"class":331},[94,142649,128902],{"class":335},[94,142651,332],{"class":331},[94,142653,5693],{"class":108},[94,142655,4010],{"class":159},[80,142657,815,142659],{"id":142658},"when-to-use-startswith",[15,142660,127824],{},[24,142662,142663,142665],{},[15,142664,127824],{}," is useful in many real programs.",[24,142667,9706],{},[28,142669,142670,142673,142676,142685],{},[31,142671,142672],{},"Checking filename patterns at the start",[31,142674,142675],{},"Checking user input prefixes such as commands",[31,142677,142678,142679,2167,142682],{},"Validating text formats like ",[15,142680,142681],{},"http:\u002F\u002F",[15,142683,142684],{},"https:\u002F\u002F",[31,142686,142687],{},"Making code easier to read than manual slicing",[24,142689,2566],{},[85,142691,142693],{"className":87,"code":142692,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\"\n\nif url.startswith((\"http:\u002F\u002F\", \"https:\u002F\u002F\")):\n    print(\"This looks like a web URL.\")\n",[15,142694,142695,142708,142712,142741],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,142696,142697,142699,142701,142703,142706],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,142698,127319],{"class":100},[94,142700,105],{"class":104},[94,142702,1040],{"class":331},[94,142704,142705],{"class":335},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com",[94,142707,1812],{"class":331},[94,142709,142710],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,142711,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,142713,142714,142716,142719,142721,142723,142725,142727,142729,142731,142733,142735,142737,142739],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,142715,7330],{"class":4221},[94,142717,142718],{"class":100}," url",[94,142720,168],{"class":108},[94,142722,141532],{"class":152},[94,142724,5842],{"class":108},[94,142726,332],{"class":331},[94,142728,142681],{"class":335},[94,142730,332],{"class":331},[94,142732,116],{"class":108},[94,142734,1040],{"class":331},[94,142736,142684],{"class":335},[94,142738,332],{"class":331},[94,142740,69887],{"class":108},[94,142742,142743,142745,142747,142749,142752,142754],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,142744,8404],{"class":145},[94,142746,149],{"class":108},[94,142748,332],{"class":331},[94,142750,142751],{"class":335},"This looks like a web URL.",[94,142753,332],{"class":331},[94,142755,316],{"class":108},[80,142757,3186],{"id":3185},[24,142759,23426,142760,168],{},[15,142761,127824],{},[265,142763,138896],{"id":142764},"using-the-wrong-letter-case",[24,142766,142767,123914],{},[15,142768,127824],{},[85,142770,142772],{"className":87,"code":142771,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"python\"))  # False\n",[15,142773,142774,142786],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,142775,142776,142778,142780,142782,142784],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,142777,1803],{"class":100},[94,142779,105],{"class":104},[94,142781,1040],{"class":331},[94,142783,7630],{"class":335},[94,142785,1812],{"class":331},[94,142787,142788,142790,142792,142794,142796,142798,142800,142802,142804,142806,142808],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,142789,326],{"class":145},[94,142791,149],{"class":108},[94,142793,1817],{"class":152},[94,142795,168],{"class":108},[94,142797,141532],{"class":152},[94,142799,149],{"class":108},[94,142801,332],{"class":331},[94,142803,89],{"class":335},[94,142805,332],{"class":331},[94,142807,5693],{"class":108},[94,142809,5114],{"class":159},[24,142811,39592],{},[85,142813,142815],{"className":87,"code":142814,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(text.lower().startswith(\"python\"))  # True\n",[15,142816,142817],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,142818,142819,142821,142823,142825,142827,142829,142831,142833,142835,142837,142839,142841,142843],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,142820,326],{"class":145},[94,142822,149],{"class":108},[94,142824,1817],{"class":152},[94,142826,168],{"class":108},[94,142828,1378],{"class":152},[94,142830,8971],{"class":108},[94,142832,141532],{"class":152},[94,142834,149],{"class":108},[94,142836,332],{"class":331},[94,142838,89],{"class":335},[94,142840,332],{"class":331},[94,142842,5693],{"class":108},[94,142844,4010],{"class":159},[265,142846,29980,142848,137378],{"id":142847},"calling-startswith-on-a-non-string-value",[15,142849,127824],{},[24,142851,142852],{},"This method works on strings, not numbers or lists.",[85,142854,142856],{"className":87,"code":142855,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"value = 123\n\n# This will cause an error:\n# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[15,142857,142858,142866,142870,142875],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,142859,142860,142862,142864],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,142861,2804],{"class":100},[94,142863,105],{"class":104},[94,142865,125138],{"class":112},[94,142867,142868],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,142869,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,142871,142872],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,142873,142874],{"class":159},"# This will cause an error:\n",[94,142876,142877],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,142878,142879],{"class":159},"# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[24,142881,39592],{},[85,142883,142885],{"className":87,"code":142884,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"value = str(123)\nprint(value.startswith(\"1\"))  # True\n",[15,142886,142887,142901],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,142888,142889,142891,142893,142895,142897,142899],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,142890,2804],{"class":100},[94,142892,105],{"class":104},[94,142894,49236],{"class":913},[94,142896,149],{"class":108},[94,142898,50577],{"class":112},[94,142900,316],{"class":108},[94,142902,142903,142905,142907,142909,142911,142913,142915,142917,142919,142921,142923],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,142904,326],{"class":145},[94,142906,149],{"class":108},[94,142908,2829],{"class":152},[94,142910,168],{"class":108},[94,142912,141532],{"class":152},[94,142914,149],{"class":108},[94,142916,332],{"class":331},[94,142918,412],{"class":335},[94,142920,332],{"class":331},[94,142922,5693],{"class":108},[94,142924,4010],{"class":159},[265,142926,37533,142928,9037,142930],{"id":142927},"confusing-startswith-with-in",[15,142929,127824],{},[15,142931,4228],{},[24,142933,142934,142936],{},[15,142935,127824],{}," checks only the beginning.",[24,142938,142939,142940,142942,142943,168],{},"If you want to know whether text appears anywhere, use ",[15,142941,4228],{}," or methods like ",[434,142944,142945],{"href":124466},[15,142946,124451],{},[85,142948,142950],{"className":87,"code":142949,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))  # False\nprint(\"world\" in text)           # True\n",[15,142951,142952,142964,142968,142992],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,142953,142954,142956,142958,142960,142962],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,142955,1803],{"class":100},[94,142957,105],{"class":104},[94,142959,1040],{"class":331},[94,142961,60731],{"class":335},[94,142963,1812],{"class":331},[94,142965,142966],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,142967,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,142969,142970,142972,142974,142976,142978,142980,142982,142984,142986,142988,142990],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,142971,326],{"class":145},[94,142973,149],{"class":108},[94,142975,1817],{"class":152},[94,142977,168],{"class":108},[94,142979,141532],{"class":152},[94,142981,149],{"class":108},[94,142983,332],{"class":331},[94,142985,60916],{"class":335},[94,142987,332],{"class":331},[94,142989,5693],{"class":108},[94,142991,5114],{"class":159},[94,142993,142994,142996,142998,143000,143002,143004,143006,143008,143010],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,142995,326],{"class":145},[94,142997,149],{"class":108},[94,142999,332],{"class":331},[94,143001,60916],{"class":335},[94,143003,332],{"class":331},[94,143005,21505],{"class":4221},[94,143007,43172],{"class":152},[94,143009,156],{"class":108},[94,143011,143012],{"class":159},"           # True\n",[24,143014,135930,143015,168],{},[434,143016,127492],{"href":123711},[265,143018,5047,143020,1139,143022,143024],{"id":143019},"forgetting-that-start-and-end-use-index-positions",[15,143021,36400],{},[15,143023,52990],{}," use index positions",[24,143026,143027,143028,168],{},"Python counts string positions starting at ",[15,143029,2476],{},[85,143031,143033],{"className":87,"code":143032,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"abcdef\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"cd\", 2))  # True\n",[15,143034,143035,143048,143052],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,143036,143037,143039,143041,143043,143046],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,143038,1803],{"class":100},[94,143040,105],{"class":104},[94,143042,1040],{"class":331},[94,143044,143045],{"class":335},"abcdef",[94,143047,1812],{"class":331},[94,143049,143050],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,143051,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,143053,143054,143056,143058,143060,143062,143064,143066,143068,143071,143073,143075,143077,143079],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,143055,326],{"class":145},[94,143057,149],{"class":108},[94,143059,1817],{"class":152},[94,143061,168],{"class":108},[94,143063,141532],{"class":152},[94,143065,149],{"class":108},[94,143067,332],{"class":331},[94,143069,143070],{"class":335},"cd",[94,143072,332],{"class":331},[94,143074,116],{"class":108},[94,143076,124],{"class":112},[94,143078,5693],{"class":108},[94,143080,4010],{"class":159},[265,143082,143084],{"id":143083},"passing-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Passing a list instead of a tuple",[24,143086,143087],{},"Multiple prefixes must be given as a tuple, not a list.",[24,143089,16972],{},[85,143091,143093],{"className":87,"code":143092,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"# text.startswith([\"Py\", \"Ja\"])\n",[15,143094,143095],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,143096,143097],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,143098,143092],{"class":159},[24,143100,16984],{},[85,143102,143104],{"className":87,"code":143103,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))  # True\n",[15,143105,143106,143118],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,143107,143108,143110,143112,143114,143116],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,143109,1803],{"class":100},[94,143111,105],{"class":104},[94,143113,1040],{"class":331},[94,143115,7630],{"class":335},[94,143117,1812],{"class":331},[94,143119,143120,143122,143124,143126,143128,143130,143132,143134,143136,143138,143140,143142,143145,143147,143149],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,143121,326],{"class":145},[94,143123,149],{"class":108},[94,143125,1817],{"class":152},[94,143127,168],{"class":108},[94,143129,141532],{"class":152},[94,143131,5842],{"class":108},[94,143133,332],{"class":331},[94,143135,141643],{"class":335},[94,143137,332],{"class":331},[94,143139,116],{"class":108},[94,143141,1040],{"class":331},[94,143143,143144],{"class":335},"Ja",[94,143146,332],{"class":331},[94,143148,51421],{"class":108},[94,143150,4010],{"class":159},[24,143152,32414],{},[85,143154,143156],{"className":87,"code":143155,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))\n",[15,143157,143158,143168,143182,143204,143230],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,143159,143160,143162,143164,143166],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,143161,326],{"class":145},[94,143163,149],{"class":108},[94,143165,1817],{"class":152},[94,143167,316],{"class":108},[94,143169,143170,143172,143174,143176,143178,143180],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,143171,326],{"class":145},[94,143173,149],{"class":108},[94,143175,914],{"class":913},[94,143177,149],{"class":108},[94,143179,1817],{"class":152},[94,143181,921],{"class":108},[94,143183,143184,143186,143188,143190,143192,143194,143196,143198,143200,143202],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,143185,326],{"class":145},[94,143187,149],{"class":108},[94,143189,1817],{"class":152},[94,143191,168],{"class":108},[94,143193,141532],{"class":152},[94,143195,149],{"class":108},[94,143197,332],{"class":331},[94,143199,141643],{"class":335},[94,143201,332],{"class":331},[94,143203,921],{"class":108},[94,143205,143206,143208,143210,143212,143214,143216,143218,143220,143222,143224,143226,143228],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,143207,326],{"class":145},[94,143209,149],{"class":108},[94,143211,1817],{"class":152},[94,143213,168],{"class":108},[94,143215,1378],{"class":152},[94,143217,8971],{"class":108},[94,143219,141532],{"class":152},[94,143221,149],{"class":108},[94,143223,332],{"class":331},[94,143225,128902],{"class":335},[94,143227,332],{"class":331},[94,143229,921],{"class":108},[94,143231,143232,143234,143236,143238,143240,143242,143244,143246,143248,143250,143252,143254,143256,143258],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,143233,326],{"class":145},[94,143235,149],{"class":108},[94,143237,1817],{"class":152},[94,143239,168],{"class":108},[94,143241,141532],{"class":152},[94,143243,5842],{"class":108},[94,143245,332],{"class":331},[94,143247,141643],{"class":335},[94,143249,332],{"class":331},[94,143251,116],{"class":108},[94,143253,1040],{"class":331},[94,143255,143144],{"class":335},[94,143257,332],{"class":331},[94,143259,3268],{"class":108},[80,143261,2160],{"id":2159},[265,143263,13029,143265,128302],{"id":143264},"does-startswith-change-the-string",[15,143266,127824],{},[24,143268,143269,143270,2167,143272,168],{},"No. It only checks the string and returns ",[15,143271,1225],{},[15,143273,4020],{},[265,143275,2191,143277,143279],{"id":143276},"can-startswith-check-more-than-one-prefix",[15,143278,127824],{}," check more than one prefix?",[24,143281,143282],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of strings, such as:",[85,143284,143286],{"className":87,"code":143285,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text.startswith((\"a\", \"b\"))\n",[15,143287,143288],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,143289,143290,143292,143294,143296,143298,143300,143302,143304,143306,143308,143310,143312],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,143291,1817],{"class":100},[94,143293,168],{"class":108},[94,143295,141532],{"class":152},[94,143297,5842],{"class":108},[94,143299,332],{"class":331},[94,143301,434],{"class":335},[94,143303,332],{"class":331},[94,143305,116],{"class":108},[94,143307,1040],{"class":331},[94,143309,1937],{"class":335},[94,143311,332],{"class":331},[94,143313,921],{"class":108},[265,143315,15230,143317,124792],{"id":143316},"is-startswith-case-sensitive",[15,143318,127824],{},[24,143320,129985],{},[265,143322,5514,143324,1139,143326,2170],{"id":143323},"what-is-the-difference-between-startswith-and-in",[15,143325,127824],{},[15,143327,4228],{},[24,143329,143330,143332,143333,143335],{},[15,143331,127824],{}," checks only the beginning. ",[15,143334,4228],{}," checks whether text appears anywhere in the string.",[265,143337,2201,143339,1139,143341,9037,143343,2170],{"id":143338},"can-i-use-start-and-end-with-startswith",[15,143340,36400],{},[15,143342,52990],{},[15,143344,127824],{},[24,143346,143347],{},"Yes. They let you limit which part of the string is checked.",[80,143349,2232],{"id":2231},[28,143351,143352,143358,143364,143370,143374],{},[31,143353,143354],{},[434,143355,126456,143356,567],{"href":130050},[15,143357,126514],{},[31,143359,143360],{},[434,143361,126456,143362,567],{"href":124466},[15,143363,124451],{},[31,143365,143366],{},[434,143367,126456,143368,567],{"href":124183},[15,143369,124186],{},[31,143371,143372],{},[434,143373,124855],{"href":123711},[31,143375,143376],{},[434,143377,125211],{"href":51306},[2260,143379,143380],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":90,"searchDepth":130,"depth":130,"links":143382},[143383,143385,143386,143392,143393,143395,143396,143397,143399,143409,143421],{"id":141578,"depth":130,"text":143384},"What startswith() does",{"id":2513,"depth":130,"text":2514},{"id":141857,"depth":130,"text":141858,"children":143387},[143388,143389,143390,143391],{"id":141695,"depth":137,"text":141695},{"id":36400,"depth":137,"text":36400},{"id":52990,"depth":137,"text":52990},{"id":142024,"depth":137,"text":142025},{"id":17747,"depth":130,"text":17748},{"id":142202,"depth":130,"text":143394},"Using startswith() with start and end",{"id":142356,"depth":130,"text":142357},{"id":124102,"depth":130,"text":124103},{"id":142658,"depth":130,"text":143398},"When to use startswith()",{"id":3185,"depth":130,"text":3186,"children":143400},[143401,143402,143404,143406,143408],{"id":142764,"depth":137,"text":138896},{"id":142847,"depth":137,"text":143403},"Calling startswith() on a non-string value",{"id":142927,"depth":137,"text":143405},"Confusing startswith() with in",{"id":143019,"depth":137,"text":143407},"Forgetting that start and end use index positions",{"id":143083,"depth":137,"text":143084},{"id":2159,"depth":130,"text":2160,"children":143410},[143411,143413,143415,143417,143419],{"id":143264,"depth":137,"text":143412},"Does startswith() change the string?",{"id":143276,"depth":137,"text":143414},"Can startswith() check more than one prefix?",{"id":143316,"depth":137,"text":143416},"Is startswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":143323,"depth":137,"text":143418},"What is the difference between startswith() and in?",{"id":143338,"depth":137,"text":143420},"Can I use start and end with startswith()?",{"id":2231,"depth":130,"text":2232},"Master python string startswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method",{"title":141478,"description":143422},"reference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method","H88rt3Nz2-D86PhmC2_wUy4Ef0nzvARozFcg9L4vdZs",{"id":143429,"title":143430,"body":143431,"description":144885,"extension":2319,"meta":144886,"navigation":133,"path":144887,"seo":144888,"stem":144889,"__hash__":144890},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method.md","Python String strip() Method",{"type":7,"value":143432,"toc":144855},[143433,143438,143443,143446,143448,143492,143494,143502,143507,143512,143517,143519,143537,143539,143585,143587,143601,143610,143614,143616,143618,143630,143635,143638,143670,143672,143681,143686,143689,143730,143732,143740,143742,143755,143761,143765,143768,143784,143786,143835,143837,143846,143849,143908,143910,143919,143926,143929,143982,143984,144008,144015,144021,144025,144031,144034,144045,144047,144087,144089,144097,144099,144139,144141,144150,144152,144170,144173,144180,144191,144194,144211,144213,144290,144292,144323,144326,144328,144331,144357,144359,144399,144401,144410,144420,144428,144436,144441,144446,144448,144462,144464,144515,144517,144526,144536,144538,144540,144562,144565,144644,144646,144682,144685,144760,144765,144767,144773,144778,144783,144786,144792,144795,144802,144810,144814,144822,144824,144852],[10,143434,123456,143436,11651],{"id":143435},"python-string-strip-method",[15,143437,41984],{},[24,143439,32648,143440,143442],{},[15,143441,41984],{}," method removes characters from the beginning and end of a string.",[24,143444,143445],{},"Beginners usually use it to remove extra whitespace, such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters. This is especially useful when cleaning user input or processing text from a file.",[80,143447,83],{"id":82},[85,143449,143451],{"className":87,"code":143450,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"  hello  \"\nclean_text = text.strip()\nprint(clean_text)\n",[15,143452,143453,143466,143481],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,143454,143455,143457,143459,143461,143464],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,143456,1803],{"class":100},[94,143458,105],{"class":104},[94,143460,1040],{"class":331},[94,143462,143463],{"class":335},"  hello  ",[94,143465,1812],{"class":331},[94,143467,143468,143471,143473,143475,143477,143479],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,143469,143470],{"class":100},"clean_text ",[94,143472,105],{"class":104},[94,143474,43172],{"class":100},[94,143476,168],{"class":108},[94,143478,8968],{"class":152},[94,143480,511],{"class":108},[94,143482,143483,143485,143487,143490],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,143484,326],{"class":145},[94,143486,149],{"class":108},[94,143488,143489],{"class":152},"clean_text",[94,143491,316],{"class":108},[24,143493,371],{},[85,143495,143496],{"className":87,"code":138771,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,143497,143498],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,143499,143500],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,143501,138771],{"class":100},[24,143503,54,143504,143506],{},[15,143505,41984],{}," to remove whitespace from both ends of a string. It does not change the original string.",[80,143508,215,143510,218],{"id":143509},"what-strip-does",[15,143511,41984],{},[24,143513,143514,143516],{},[15,143515,41984],{}," is a string method that returns a new string.",[24,143518,13378],{},[28,143520,143521,143525,143528,143531,143534],{},[31,143522,143523,131806],{},[15,143524,41984],{},[31,143526,143527],{},"It removes characters from the beginning and end only",[31,143529,143530],{},"By default, it removes whitespace",[31,143532,143533],{},"It does not remove characters from the middle of the string",[31,143535,143536],{},"Strings are immutable, so the original string stays the same",[24,143538,2566],{},[85,143540,143542],{"className":87,"code":143541,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(text)\n",[15,143543,143544,143557,143561,143575],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,143545,143546,143548,143550,143552,143555],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,143547,1803],{"class":100},[94,143549,105],{"class":104},[94,143551,1040],{"class":331},[94,143553,143554],{"class":335},"  hello world  ",[94,143556,1812],{"class":331},[94,143558,143559],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,143560,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,143562,143563,143565,143567,143569,143571,143573],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,143564,326],{"class":145},[94,143566,149],{"class":108},[94,143568,1817],{"class":152},[94,143570,168],{"class":108},[94,143572,8968],{"class":152},[94,143574,7527],{"class":108},[94,143576,143577,143579,143581,143583],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,143578,326],{"class":145},[94,143580,149],{"class":108},[94,143582,1817],{"class":152},[94,143584,316],{"class":108},[24,143586,371],{},[85,143588,143590],{"className":87,"code":143589,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"hello world\n  hello world  \n",[15,143591,143592,143596],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,143593,143594],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,143595,134472],{"class":100},[94,143597,143598],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,143599,143600],{"class":100},"  hello world\n",[24,143602,143603,143604,143606,143607,143609],{},"The cleaned version is returned by ",[15,143605,41984],{},", but the original ",[15,143608,1817],{}," value is unchanged.",[24,143611,125208,143612,168],{},[434,143613,125211],{"href":51306},[80,143615,2514],{"id":2513},[24,143617,26818],{},[28,143619,143620,143625],{},[31,143621,143622],{},[15,143623,143624],{},"string.strip()",[31,143626,143627],{},[15,143628,143629],{},"string.strip(chars)",[265,143631,143633],{"id":143632},"stringstrip",[15,143634,143624],{},[24,143636,143637],{},"This removes whitespace from both ends:",[85,143639,143641],{"className":87,"code":143640,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"name = \"  Alice  \"\nprint(name.strip())\n",[15,143642,143643,143656],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,143644,143645,143647,143649,143651,143654],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,143646,8211],{"class":100},[94,143648,105],{"class":104},[94,143650,1040],{"class":331},[94,143652,143653],{"class":335},"  Alice  ",[94,143655,1812],{"class":331},[94,143657,143658,143660,143662,143664,143666,143668],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,143659,326],{"class":145},[94,143661,149],{"class":108},[94,143663,8001],{"class":152},[94,143665,168],{"class":108},[94,143667,8968],{"class":152},[94,143669,7527],{"class":108},[24,143671,371],{},[85,143673,143675],{"className":87,"code":143674,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"Alice\n",[15,143676,143677],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,143678,143679],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,143680,143674],{"class":100},[265,143682,143684],{"id":143683},"stringstripchars",[15,143685,143629],{},[24,143687,143688],{},"This removes any matching characters from both ends:",[85,143690,143692],{"className":87,"code":143691,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"!!hello??\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,143693,143694,143707],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,143695,143696,143698,143700,143702,143705],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,143697,1803],{"class":100},[94,143699,105],{"class":104},[94,143701,1040],{"class":331},[94,143703,143704],{"class":335},"!!hello??",[94,143706,1812],{"class":331},[94,143708,143709,143711,143713,143715,143717,143719,143721,143723,143726,143728],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,143710,326],{"class":145},[94,143712,149],{"class":108},[94,143714,1817],{"class":152},[94,143716,168],{"class":108},[94,143718,8968],{"class":152},[94,143720,149],{"class":108},[94,143722,332],{"class":331},[94,143724,143725],{"class":335},"!?",[94,143727,332],{"class":331},[94,143729,921],{"class":108},[24,143731,371],{},[85,143733,143734],{"className":87,"code":138771,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,143735,143736],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,143737,143738],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,143739,138771],{"class":100},[24,143741,84124],{},[28,143743,143744,143749],{},[31,143745,143746,143748],{},[15,143747,134715],{}," means a set of characters to remove from both ends",[31,143750,143751,143752,143754],{},"The order of characters in ",[15,143753,134715],{}," does not matter",[80,143756,143758,143759],{"id":143757},"remove-whitespace-with-strip","Remove whitespace with ",[15,143760,41984],{},[24,143762,31216,143763,168],{},[15,143764,41984],{},[24,143766,143767],{},"It is useful for:",[28,143769,143770,143775,143778,143781],{},[31,143771,143772,143773,4231],{},"Cleaning ",[15,143774,3314],{},[31,143776,143777],{},"Cleaning lines read from a file",[31,143779,143780],{},"Removing spaces before checking or comparing text",[31,143782,143783],{},"Removing tabs and newline characters at both ends",[24,143785,48693],{},[85,143787,143789],{"className":87,"code":143788,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"username = \"  sam  \"\nclean_username = username.strip()\n\nprint(clean_username)\n",[15,143790,143791,143804,143820,143824],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,143792,143793,143795,143797,143799,143802],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,143794,8296],{"class":100},[94,143796,105],{"class":104},[94,143798,1040],{"class":331},[94,143800,143801],{"class":335},"  sam  ",[94,143803,1812],{"class":331},[94,143805,143806,143809,143811,143814,143816,143818],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,143807,143808],{"class":100},"clean_username ",[94,143810,105],{"class":104},[94,143812,143813],{"class":100}," username",[94,143815,168],{"class":108},[94,143817,8968],{"class":152},[94,143819,511],{"class":108},[94,143821,143822],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,143823,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,143825,143826,143828,143830,143833],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,143827,326],{"class":145},[94,143829,149],{"class":108},[94,143831,143832],{"class":152},"clean_username",[94,143834,316],{"class":108},[24,143836,371],{},[85,143838,143840],{"className":87,"code":143839,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"sam\n",[15,143841,143842],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,143843,143844],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,143845,143839],{"class":100},[24,143847,143848],{},"This matters when comparing strings:",[85,143850,143852],{"className":87,"code":143851,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"answer = \" yes  \"\n\nif answer.strip() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,143853,143854,143867,143871,143893],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,143855,143856,143858,143860,143862,143865],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,143857,136699],{"class":100},[94,143859,105],{"class":104},[94,143861,1040],{"class":331},[94,143863,143864],{"class":335}," yes  ",[94,143866,1812],{"class":331},[94,143868,143869],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,143870,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,143872,143873,143875,143877,143879,143881,143883,143885,143887,143889,143891],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,143874,7330],{"class":4221},[94,143876,136719],{"class":100},[94,143878,168],{"class":108},[94,143880,8968],{"class":152},[94,143882,174],{"class":108},[94,143884,6741],{"class":104},[94,143886,1040],{"class":331},[94,143888,8990],{"class":335},[94,143890,332],{"class":331},[94,143892,6726],{"class":108},[94,143894,143895,143897,143899,143901,143904,143906],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,143896,8404],{"class":145},[94,143898,149],{"class":108},[94,143900,332],{"class":331},[94,143902,143903],{"class":335},"Matched",[94,143905,332],{"class":331},[94,143907,316],{"class":108},[24,143909,371],{},[85,143911,143913],{"className":87,"code":143912,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"Matched\n",[15,143914,143915],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,143916,143917],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,143918,143912],{"class":100},[24,143920,143921,143922,168],{},"If you want a broader guide, see ",[434,143923,143925],{"href":143924},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-whitespace-from-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[24,143927,143928],{},"Example with file-style text:",[85,143930,143932],{"className":87,"code":143931,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"line = \"Python basics\\n\"\nprint(repr(line))\nprint(repr(line.strip()))\n",[15,143933,143934,143950,143964],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,143935,143936,143939,143941,143943,143946,143948],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,143937,143938],{"class":100},"line ",[94,143940,105],{"class":104},[94,143942,1040],{"class":331},[94,143944,143945],{"class":335},"Python basics",[94,143947,87455],{"class":34784},[94,143949,1812],{"class":331},[94,143951,143952,143954,143956,143958,143960,143962],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,143953,326],{"class":145},[94,143955,149],{"class":108},[94,143957,42110],{"class":145},[94,143959,149],{"class":108},[94,143961,96],{"class":152},[94,143963,921],{"class":108},[94,143965,143966,143968,143970,143972,143974,143976,143978,143980],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,143967,326],{"class":145},[94,143969,149],{"class":108},[94,143971,42110],{"class":145},[94,143973,149],{"class":108},[94,143975,96],{"class":152},[94,143977,168],{"class":108},[94,143979,8968],{"class":152},[94,143981,6622],{"class":108},[24,143983,371],{},[85,143985,143987],{"className":87,"code":143986,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"'Python basics\\n'\n'Python basics'\n",[15,143988,143989,144000],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,143990,143991,143993,143995,143998],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,143992,968],{"class":43659},[94,143994,143945],{"class":43663},[94,143996,87455],{"class":143997},"sfi6f",[94,143999,30030],{"class":43659},[94,144001,144002,144004,144006],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,144003,968],{"class":43659},[94,144005,143945],{"class":43663},[94,144007,30030],{"class":43659},[24,144009,1484,144010,144012,144013,168],{},[15,144011,122670],{}," helps you see hidden characters like ",[15,144014,87455],{},[24,144016,144017,144018,168],{},"If you are working with files, see ",[434,144019,144020],{"href":88108},"how to read a file line by line in Python",[80,144022,144024],{"id":144023},"remove-specific-characters","Remove specific characters",[24,144026,144027,144028,168],{},"You can pass characters as an argument, such as ",[15,144029,144030],{},"strip(\"!?\")",[24,144032,144033],{},"Python will:",[28,144035,144036,144039,144042],{},[31,144037,144038],{},"Remove any matching character from both ends",[31,144040,144041],{},"Keep removing until it finds a character that is not in the set",[31,144043,144044],{},"Leave the middle of the string unchanged",[24,144046,2566],{},[85,144048,144050],{"className":87,"code":144049,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"??hello!!\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,144051,144052,144065],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,144053,144054,144056,144058,144060,144063],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,144055,1803],{"class":100},[94,144057,105],{"class":104},[94,144059,1040],{"class":331},[94,144061,144062],{"class":335},"??hello!!",[94,144064,1812],{"class":331},[94,144066,144067,144069,144071,144073,144075,144077,144079,144081,144083,144085],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,144068,326],{"class":145},[94,144070,149],{"class":108},[94,144072,1817],{"class":152},[94,144074,168],{"class":108},[94,144076,8968],{"class":152},[94,144078,149],{"class":108},[94,144080,332],{"class":331},[94,144082,143725],{"class":335},[94,144084,332],{"class":331},[94,144086,921],{"class":108},[24,144088,371],{},[85,144090,144091],{"className":87,"code":138771,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,144092,144093],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,144094,144095],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,144096,138771],{"class":100},[24,144098,52409],{},[85,144100,144102],{"className":87,"code":144101,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"abcHelloCba\"\nprint(text.strip(\"abc\"))\n",[15,144103,144104,144117],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,144105,144106,144108,144110,144112,144115],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,144107,1803],{"class":100},[94,144109,105],{"class":104},[94,144111,1040],{"class":331},[94,144113,144114],{"class":335},"abcHelloCba",[94,144116,1812],{"class":331},[94,144118,144119,144121,144123,144125,144127,144129,144131,144133,144135,144137],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,144120,326],{"class":145},[94,144122,149],{"class":108},[94,144124,1817],{"class":152},[94,144126,168],{"class":108},[94,144128,8968],{"class":152},[94,144130,149],{"class":108},[94,144132,332],{"class":331},[94,144134,41891],{"class":335},[94,144136,332],{"class":331},[94,144138,921],{"class":108},[24,144140,371],{},[85,144142,144144],{"className":87,"code":144143,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"HelloC\n",[15,144145,144146],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,144147,144148],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,144149,144143],{"class":100},[24,144151,6567],{},[24,144153,144154,14381,144157,144159,144160,144162,144163,2547,144165,2551,144167,144169],{},[15,144155,144156],{},"strip(\"abc\")",[43,144158,45],{}," mean “remove the exact text ",[15,144161,41891],{}," once”. It means “remove any ",[15,144164,434],{},[15,144166,1937],{},[15,144168,1946],{}," characters from both ends”.",[24,144171,144172],{},"It also does not remove characters from the middle.",[24,144174,144175,144176,6963],{},"If you need to replace text anywhere in a string, use ",[434,144177,144178],{"href":130037},[15,144179,124627],{},[80,144181,144183,18,144185,18,144188],{"id":144182},"strip-vs-lstrip-vs-rstrip",[15,144184,41984],{},[15,144186,144187],{},"lstrip()",[15,144189,144190],{},"rstrip()",[24,144192,144193],{},"These methods are similar, but they remove characters from different sides.",[28,144195,144196,144201,144206],{},[31,144197,144198,144200],{},[15,144199,41984],{}," removes from both ends",[31,144202,144203,144205],{},[15,144204,144187],{}," removes from the left side only",[31,144207,144208,144210],{},[15,144209,144190],{}," removes from the right side only",[24,144212,2566],{},[85,144214,144216],{"className":87,"code":144215,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"  hello  \"\n\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nprint(repr(text.lstrip()))\nprint(repr(text.rstrip()))\n",[15,144217,144218,144230,144234,144252,144271],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,144219,144220,144222,144224,144226,144228],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,144221,1803],{"class":100},[94,144223,105],{"class":104},[94,144225,1040],{"class":331},[94,144227,143463],{"class":335},[94,144229,1812],{"class":331},[94,144231,144232],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,144233,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,144235,144236,144238,144240,144242,144244,144246,144248,144250],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,144237,326],{"class":145},[94,144239,149],{"class":108},[94,144241,42110],{"class":145},[94,144243,149],{"class":108},[94,144245,1817],{"class":152},[94,144247,168],{"class":108},[94,144249,8968],{"class":152},[94,144251,6622],{"class":108},[94,144253,144254,144256,144258,144260,144262,144264,144266,144269],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,144255,326],{"class":145},[94,144257,149],{"class":108},[94,144259,42110],{"class":145},[94,144261,149],{"class":108},[94,144263,1817],{"class":152},[94,144265,168],{"class":108},[94,144267,144268],{"class":152},"lstrip",[94,144270,6622],{"class":108},[94,144272,144273,144275,144277,144279,144281,144283,144285,144288],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,144274,326],{"class":145},[94,144276,149],{"class":108},[94,144278,42110],{"class":145},[94,144280,149],{"class":108},[94,144282,1817],{"class":152},[94,144284,168],{"class":108},[94,144286,144287],{"class":152},"rstrip",[94,144289,6622],{"class":108},[24,144291,371],{},[85,144293,144295],{"className":87,"code":144294,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"'hello'\n'hello  '\n'  hello'\n",[15,144296,144297,144305,144314],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,144298,144299,144301,144303],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,144300,968],{"class":43659},[94,144302,4190],{"class":43663},[94,144304,30030],{"class":43659},[94,144306,144307,144309,144312],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,144308,968],{"class":43659},[94,144310,144311],{"class":43663},"hello  ",[94,144313,30030],{"class":43659},[94,144315,144316,144318,144321],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,144317,968],{"class":43659},[94,144319,144320],{"class":43663},"  hello",[94,144322,30030],{"class":43659},[24,144324,144325],{},"Choose the method based on which side needs cleaning.",[80,144327,108663],{"id":108662},[24,144329,144330],{},"These points are worth remembering:",[28,144332,144333,144341,144351,144354],{},[31,144334,144335,144337,144338,144340],{},[15,144336,144156],{}," does not remove the exact text ",[15,144339,41860],{}," once",[31,144342,144343,144344,2547,144346,2551,144348,144350],{},"It removes any of the characters ",[15,144345,434],{},[15,144347,1937],{},[15,144349,1946],{}," from both ends",[31,144352,144353],{},"Middle characters are untouched",[31,144355,144356],{},"Save the result to a variable if you want to use the cleaned string",[24,144358,2566],{},[85,144360,144362],{"className":87,"code":144361,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"filename = \"txt_report.txt\"\nprint(filename.strip(\".txt\"))\n",[15,144363,144364,144377],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,144365,144366,144368,144370,144372,144375],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,144367,126539],{"class":100},[94,144369,105],{"class":104},[94,144371,1040],{"class":331},[94,144373,144374],{"class":335},"txt_report.txt",[94,144376,1812],{"class":331},[94,144378,144379,144381,144383,144385,144387,144389,144391,144393,144395,144397],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,144380,326],{"class":145},[94,144382,149],{"class":108},[94,144384,126557],{"class":152},[94,144386,168],{"class":108},[94,144388,8968],{"class":152},[94,144390,149],{"class":108},[94,144392,332],{"class":331},[94,144394,126592],{"class":335},[94,144396,332],{"class":331},[94,144398,921],{"class":108},[24,144400,371],{},[85,144402,144404],{"className":87,"code":144403,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"_report\n",[15,144405,144406],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,144407,144408],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,144409,144403],{"class":100},[24,144411,144412,144413,2547,144415,2551,144417,144419],{},"This happens because Python removes any ",[15,144414,168],{},[15,144416,63611],{},[15,144418,2531],{}," characters from both ends.",[24,144421,53981,144422,5126,144425,144427],{},[15,144423,144424],{},"strip(\".txt\")",[43,144426,45],{}," a safe way to remove a file extension.",[24,144429,144430,144431,144435],{},"If you need to change exact text in a string, ",[434,144432,144433],{"href":130037},[15,144434,124627],{}," is often a better fit for simple cases.",[80,144437,815,144439],{"id":144438},"when-to-use-strip",[15,144440,41984],{},[24,144442,54,144443,144445],{},[15,144444,41984],{}," when you need to clean text at the edges of a string.",[24,144447,36754],{},[28,144449,144450,144454,144456,144459],{},[31,144451,143772,144452,4231],{},[15,144453,3314],{},[31,144455,143777],{},[31,144457,144458],{},"Removing accidental spaces before validation",[31,144460,144461],{},"Preparing text before comparisons",[24,144463,2566],{},[85,144465,144467],{"className":87,"code":144466,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"email = \"  user@example.com  \"\n\nif email.strip():\n    print(\"Email was entered\")\n",[15,144468,144469,144483,144487,144500],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,144470,144471,144474,144476,144478,144481],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,144472,144473],{"class":100},"email ",[94,144475,105],{"class":104},[94,144477,1040],{"class":331},[94,144479,144480],{"class":335},"  user@example.com  ",[94,144482,1812],{"class":331},[94,144484,144485],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,144486,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,144488,144489,144491,144494,144496,144498],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,144490,7330],{"class":4221},[94,144492,144493],{"class":100}," email",[94,144495,168],{"class":108},[94,144497,8968],{"class":152},[94,144499,21926],{"class":108},[94,144501,144502,144504,144506,144508,144511,144513],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,144503,8404],{"class":145},[94,144505,149],{"class":108},[94,144507,332],{"class":331},[94,144509,144510],{"class":335},"Email was entered",[94,144512,332],{"class":331},[94,144514,316],{"class":108},[24,144516,371],{},[85,144518,144520],{"className":87,"code":144519,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"Email was entered\n",[15,144521,144522],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,144523,144524],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,144525,144519],{"class":100},[24,144527,144528,144529,144531,144532,168],{},"You may also combine ",[15,144530,41984],{}," with other string methods. For example, after removing extra spaces, you might convert text to lowercase with ",[434,144533,144534],{"href":124183},[15,144535,124186],{},[80,144537,3186],{"id":3185},[24,144539,84543],{},[28,144541,144542,144546,144551,144556],{},[31,144543,8786,144544,131676],{},[15,144545,41984],{},[31,144547,8786,144548,144550],{},[15,144549,41984],{}," to remove text from the middle",[31,144552,1484,144553,144555],{},[15,144554,144424],{}," and expecting only the exact file extension to be removed",[31,144557,5047,144558,144561],{},[15,144559,144560],{},"strip(chars)"," removes any matching characters, not a whole substring",[24,144563,144564],{},"Here is a quick debugging example:",[85,144566,144568],{"className":87,"code":144567,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"  hello\\n\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\n",[15,144569,144570,144584,144588,144598,144612,144626],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,144571,144572,144574,144576,144578,144580,144582],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,144573,1803],{"class":100},[94,144575,105],{"class":104},[94,144577,1040],{"class":331},[94,144579,144320],{"class":335},[94,144581,87455],{"class":34784},[94,144583,1812],{"class":331},[94,144585,144586],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,144587,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,144589,144590,144592,144594,144596],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,144591,326],{"class":145},[94,144593,149],{"class":108},[94,144595,1817],{"class":152},[94,144597,316],{"class":108},[94,144599,144600,144602,144604,144606,144608,144610],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,144601,326],{"class":145},[94,144603,149],{"class":108},[94,144605,42110],{"class":145},[94,144607,149],{"class":108},[94,144609,1817],{"class":152},[94,144611,921],{"class":108},[94,144613,144614,144616,144618,144620,144622,144624],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,144615,326],{"class":145},[94,144617,149],{"class":108},[94,144619,1817],{"class":152},[94,144621,168],{"class":108},[94,144623,8968],{"class":152},[94,144625,7527],{"class":108},[94,144627,144628,144630,144632,144634,144636,144638,144640,144642],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,144629,326],{"class":145},[94,144631,149],{"class":108},[94,144633,42110],{"class":145},[94,144635,149],{"class":108},[94,144637,1817],{"class":152},[94,144639,168],{"class":108},[94,144641,8968],{"class":152},[94,144643,6622],{"class":108},[24,144645,371],{},[85,144647,144649],{"className":87,"code":144648,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"  hello\n\n'  hello\\n'\nhello\n'hello'\n",[15,144650,144651,144656,144660,144670,144674],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,144652,144653],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,144654,144655],{"class":100},"  hello\n",[94,144657,144658],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,144659,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,144661,144662,144664,144666,144668],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,144663,968],{"class":43659},[94,144665,144320],{"class":43663},[94,144667,87455],{"class":143997},[94,144669,30030],{"class":43659},[94,144671,144672],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,144673,138771],{"class":100},[94,144675,144676,144678,144680],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,144677,968],{"class":43659},[94,144679,4190],{"class":43663},[94,144681,30030],{"class":43659},[24,144683,144684],{},"Useful debugging commands:",[85,144686,144688],{"className":87,"code":144687,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nhelp(str.strip)\n",[15,144689,144690,144700,144714,144728,144746],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,144691,144692,144694,144696,144698],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,144693,326],{"class":145},[94,144695,149],{"class":108},[94,144697,1817],{"class":152},[94,144699,316],{"class":108},[94,144701,144702,144704,144706,144708,144710,144712],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,144703,326],{"class":145},[94,144705,149],{"class":108},[94,144707,42110],{"class":145},[94,144709,149],{"class":108},[94,144711,1817],{"class":152},[94,144713,921],{"class":108},[94,144715,144716,144718,144720,144722,144724,144726],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,144717,326],{"class":145},[94,144719,149],{"class":108},[94,144721,1817],{"class":152},[94,144723,168],{"class":108},[94,144725,8968],{"class":152},[94,144727,7527],{"class":108},[94,144729,144730,144732,144734,144736,144738,144740,144742,144744],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,144731,326],{"class":145},[94,144733,149],{"class":108},[94,144735,42110],{"class":145},[94,144737,149],{"class":108},[94,144739,1817],{"class":152},[94,144741,168],{"class":108},[94,144743,8968],{"class":152},[94,144745,6622],{"class":108},[94,144747,144748,144750,144752,144754,144756,144758],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,144749,2080],{"class":145},[94,144751,149],{"class":108},[94,144753,1372],{"class":913},[94,144755,168],{"class":108},[94,144757,8968],{"class":1377},[94,144759,316],{"class":108},[24,144761,144762,144764],{},[15,144763,122670],{}," is very helpful because it shows hidden whitespace clearly.",[80,144766,2160],{"id":2159},[265,144768,13029,144770,144772],{"id":144769},"does-strip-remove-spaces-in-the-middle-of-a-string",[15,144771,41984],{}," remove spaces in the middle of a string?",[24,144774,2207,144775,144777],{},[15,144776,41984],{}," only removes characters from the start and end of the string.",[265,144779,13029,144781,124783],{"id":144780},"does-strip-change-the-original-string",[15,144782,41984],{},[24,144784,144785],{},"No. It returns a new string because Python strings are immutable.",[265,144787,5479,144789,144791],{"id":144788},"what-does-strip-remove-by-default",[15,144790,41984],{}," remove by default?",[24,144793,144794],{},"It removes whitespace such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters from both ends.",[265,144796,34536,144798,34539,144800,2170],{"id":144797},"how-is-strip-different-from-replace",[15,144799,41984],{},[15,144801,124627],{},[24,144803,144804,144806,144807,144809],{},[15,144805,41984],{}," removes characters only from the ends. ",[15,144808,124627],{}," can change matching text anywhere in the string.",[265,144811,144813],{"id":144812},"can-i-remove-only-the-left-or-right-side","Can I remove only the left or right side?",[24,144815,128329,144816,144818,144819,144821],{},[15,144817,144187],{}," for the left side and ",[15,144820,144190],{}," for the right side.",[80,144823,2232],{"id":2231},[28,144825,144826,144832,144838,144843,144848],{},[31,144827,144828],{},[434,144829,126456,144830,567],{"href":124183},[15,144831,124186],{},[31,144833,144834],{},[434,144835,126456,144836,567],{"href":130037},[15,144837,124627],{},[31,144839,144840],{},[434,144841,144842],{"href":143924},"How to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[31,144844,144845],{},[434,144846,144847],{"href":88108},"How to read a file line by line in Python",[31,144849,144850],{},[434,144851,125211],{"href":51306},[2260,144853,144854],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.sfi6f{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":90,"searchDepth":130,"depth":130,"links":144856},[144857,144858,144860,144864,144866,144867,144869,144870,144872,144873,144884],{"id":82,"depth":130,"text":83},{"id":143509,"depth":130,"text":144859},"What strip() does",{"id":2513,"depth":130,"text":2514,"children":144861},[144862,144863],{"id":143632,"depth":137,"text":143624},{"id":143683,"depth":137,"text":143629},{"id":143757,"depth":130,"text":144865},"Remove whitespace with strip()",{"id":144023,"depth":130,"text":144024},{"id":144182,"depth":130,"text":144868},"strip() vs lstrip() vs rstrip()",{"id":108662,"depth":130,"text":108663},{"id":144438,"depth":130,"text":144871},"When to use strip()",{"id":3185,"depth":130,"text":3186},{"id":2159,"depth":130,"text":2160,"children":144874},[144875,144877,144879,144881,144883],{"id":144769,"depth":137,"text":144876},"Does strip() remove spaces in the middle of a string?",{"id":144780,"depth":137,"text":144878},"Does strip() change the original string?",{"id":144788,"depth":137,"text":144880},"What does strip() remove by default?",{"id":144797,"depth":137,"text":144882},"How is strip() different from replace()?",{"id":144812,"depth":137,"text":144813},{"id":2231,"depth":130,"text":2232},"Master python string strip method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method",{"title":143430,"description":144885},"reference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method","V33HNckrK0iU0Rb4v9xwAECg55fn4E8r6Jrd6VFtyd0",{"id":144892,"title":144893,"body":144894,"description":146074,"extension":2319,"meta":146075,"navigation":133,"path":146076,"seo":146077,"stem":146078,"__hash__":146079},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method.md","Python String upper() Method",{"type":7,"value":144895,"toc":146044},[144896,144901,144906,144911,144913,144959,144967,144972,144986,144992,144994,144996,145011,145013,145023,145026,145057,145060,145083,145085,145088,145145,145147,145161,145163,145177,145183,145188,145191,145232,145234,145243,145251,145254,145299,145301,145310,145313,145317,145322,145336,145338,145370,145372,145392,145395,145400,145405,145407,145418,145421,145478,145480,145488,145497,145499,145501,145507,145509,145546,145548,145556,145558,145599,145601,145610,145615,145620,145622,145649,145656,145659,145690,145692,145701,145707,145716,145747,145749,145761,145774,145778,145783,145813,145815,145882,145884,145894,145896,145901,145904,145909,145914,145918,145924,145930,145933,145935,145993,145995,146003,146005,146041],[10,144897,123456,144899,11651],{"id":144898},"python-string-upper-method",[15,144900,128334],{},[24,144902,123461,144903,144905],{},[15,144904,128334],{}," method returns a new string with lowercase letters changed to uppercase.",[24,144907,84919,144908,144910],{},[15,144909,128334],{}," does, how to use it, what it returns, and a few common beginner mistakes. It stays focused on the method itself.",[80,144912,2361],{"id":2360},[85,144914,144916],{"className":87,"code":144915,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"Hello World\"\nresult = text.upper()\nprint(result)\n# HELLO WORLD\n",[15,144917,144918,144930,144944,144954],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,144919,144920,144922,144924,144926,144928],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,144921,1803],{"class":100},[94,144923,105],{"class":104},[94,144925,1040],{"class":331},[94,144927,129175],{"class":335},[94,144929,1812],{"class":331},[94,144931,144932,144934,144936,144938,144940,144942],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,144933,305],{"class":100},[94,144935,105],{"class":104},[94,144937,43172],{"class":100},[94,144939,168],{"class":108},[94,144941,34809],{"class":152},[94,144943,511],{"class":108},[94,144945,144946,144948,144950,144952],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,144947,326],{"class":145},[94,144949,149],{"class":108},[94,144951,902],{"class":152},[94,144953,316],{"class":108},[94,144955,144956],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,144957,144958],{"class":159},"# HELLO WORLD\n",[24,144960,144961,144963,144964,144966],{},[15,144962,128334],{}," returns a new string with letters changed to uppercase. It does ",[43,144965,45],{}," change the original string in place.",[80,144968,215,144970,218],{"id":144969},"what-upper-does",[15,144971,128334],{},[28,144973,144974,144979,144982,144984],{},[31,144975,144976,144978],{},[15,144977,128334],{}," returns a copy of a string with lowercase letters converted to uppercase",[31,144980,144981],{},"It works on string values only",[31,144983,133704],{},[31,144985,136422],{},[24,144987,125208,144988,2167,144990,168],{},[434,144989,136428],{"href":136427},[434,144991,125211],{"href":51306},[80,144993,2514],{"id":2513},[24,144995,2517],{},[85,144997,144999],{"className":87,"code":144998,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"string.upper()\n",[15,145000,145001],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,145002,145003,145005,145007,145009],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,145004,61499],{"class":100},[94,145006,168],{"class":108},[94,145008,34809],{"class":152},[94,145010,511],{"class":108},[24,145012,11788],{},[28,145014,145015,145017,145020],{},[31,145016,97828],{},[31,145018,145019],{},"You call it on a string variable or string literal",[31,145021,145022],{},"It returns the uppercase version of the string",[24,145024,145025],{},"Example with a variable:",[85,145027,145029],{"className":87,"code":145028,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"name = \"python\"\nprint(name.upper())\n",[15,145030,145031,145043],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,145032,145033,145035,145037,145039,145041],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,145034,8211],{"class":100},[94,145036,105],{"class":104},[94,145038,1040],{"class":331},[94,145040,89],{"class":335},[94,145042,1812],{"class":331},[94,145044,145045,145047,145049,145051,145053,145055],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,145046,326],{"class":145},[94,145048,149],{"class":108},[94,145050,8001],{"class":152},[94,145052,168],{"class":108},[94,145054,34809],{"class":152},[94,145056,7527],{"class":108},[24,145058,145059],{},"Example with a string literal:",[85,145061,145063],{"className":87,"code":145062,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(\"hello\".upper())\n",[15,145064,145065],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,145066,145067,145069,145071,145073,145075,145077,145079,145081],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,145068,326],{"class":145},[94,145070,149],{"class":108},[94,145072,332],{"class":331},[94,145074,4190],{"class":335},[94,145076,332],{"class":331},[94,145078,168],{"class":108},[94,145080,34809],{"class":152},[94,145082,7527],{"class":108},[80,145084,11805],{"id":11804},[24,145086,145087],{},"Here is a basic example that converts a lowercase word to uppercase and stores the result in a new variable:",[85,145089,145091],{"className":87,"code":145090,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"word = \"banana\"\nuppercase_word = word.upper()\n\nprint(word)\nprint(uppercase_word)\n",[15,145092,145093,145105,145120,145124,145134],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,145094,145095,145097,145099,145101,145103],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,145096,6486],{"class":100},[94,145098,105],{"class":104},[94,145100,1040],{"class":331},[94,145102,4432],{"class":335},[94,145104,1812],{"class":331},[94,145106,145107,145110,145112,145114,145116,145118],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,145108,145109],{"class":100},"uppercase_word ",[94,145111,105],{"class":104},[94,145113,38711],{"class":100},[94,145115,168],{"class":108},[94,145117,34809],{"class":152},[94,145119,511],{"class":108},[94,145121,145122],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,145123,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,145125,145126,145128,145130,145132],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,145127,326],{"class":145},[94,145129,149],{"class":108},[94,145131,38721],{"class":152},[94,145133,316],{"class":108},[94,145135,145136,145138,145140,145143],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,145137,326],{"class":145},[94,145139,149],{"class":108},[94,145141,145142],{"class":152},"uppercase_word",[94,145144,316],{"class":108},[24,145146,371],{},[85,145148,145150],{"className":87,"code":145149,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"banana\nBANANA\n",[15,145151,145152,145156],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,145153,145154],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,145155,70730],{"class":100},[94,145157,145158],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,145159,145160],{"class":34784},"BANANA\n",[24,145162,112769],{},[28,145164,145165,145170],{},[31,145166,145167,145169],{},[15,145168,38721],{}," keeps its original value",[31,145171,145172,145174,145175],{},[15,145173,145142],{}," stores the returned value from ",[15,145176,128334],{},[80,145178,145180,145182],{"id":145179},"upper-does-not-change-the-original-string",[15,145181,128334],{}," does not change the original string",[24,145184,137088,145185,145187],{},[43,145186,137091],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change the characters inside a string directly.",[24,145189,145190],{},"So this method:",[85,145192,145194],{"className":87,"code":145193,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"name = \"alice\"\nname.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,145195,145196,145208,145218,145222],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,145197,145198,145200,145202,145204,145206],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,145199,8211],{"class":100},[94,145201,105],{"class":104},[94,145203,1040],{"class":331},[94,145205,18133],{"class":335},[94,145207,1812],{"class":331},[94,145209,145210,145212,145214,145216],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,145211,8001],{"class":100},[94,145213,168],{"class":108},[94,145215,34809],{"class":152},[94,145217,511],{"class":108},[94,145219,145220],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,145221,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,145223,145224,145226,145228,145230],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,145225,326],{"class":145},[94,145227,149],{"class":108},[94,145229,8001],{"class":152},[94,145231,316],{"class":108},[24,145233,371],{},[85,145235,145237],{"className":87,"code":145236,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"alice\n",[15,145238,145239],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,145240,145241],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,145242,145236],{"class":100},[24,145244,21309,145245,145247,145248,145250],{},[15,145246,128334],{}," was called, ",[15,145249,8001],{}," did not change because the result was not saved.",[24,145252,145253],{},"If you want to keep the uppercase version, assign it back to the variable:",[85,145255,145257],{"className":87,"code":145256,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"name = \"alice\"\nname = name.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,145258,145259,145271,145285,145289],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,145260,145261,145263,145265,145267,145269],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,145262,8211],{"class":100},[94,145264,105],{"class":104},[94,145266,1040],{"class":331},[94,145268,18133],{"class":335},[94,145270,1812],{"class":331},[94,145272,145273,145275,145277,145279,145281,145283],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,145274,8211],{"class":100},[94,145276,105],{"class":104},[94,145278,36319],{"class":100},[94,145280,168],{"class":108},[94,145282,34809],{"class":152},[94,145284,511],{"class":108},[94,145286,145287],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,145288,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,145290,145291,145293,145295,145297],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,145292,326],{"class":145},[94,145294,149],{"class":108},[94,145296,8001],{"class":152},[94,145298,316],{"class":108},[24,145300,371],{},[85,145302,145304],{"className":87,"code":145303,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"ALICE\n",[15,145305,145306],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,145307,145308],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,145309,145303],{"class":34784},[24,145311,145312],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes with string methods.",[80,145314,145316],{"id":145315},"what-happens-to-numbers-spaces-and-symbols","What happens to numbers, spaces, and symbols",[24,145318,145319,145321],{},[15,145320,128334],{}," only changes letters that have uppercase forms.",[28,145323,145324,145327,145330,145333],{},[31,145325,145326],{},"Numbers stay the same",[31,145328,145329],{},"Spaces stay the same",[31,145331,145332],{},"Punctuation stays the same",[31,145334,145335],{},"Only letters are changed",[24,145337,2566],{},[85,145339,145341],{"className":87,"code":145340,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"Room 7, table #3!\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,145342,145343,145356],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,145344,145345,145347,145349,145351,145354],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,145346,1803],{"class":100},[94,145348,105],{"class":104},[94,145350,1040],{"class":331},[94,145352,145353],{"class":335},"Room 7, table #3!",[94,145355,1812],{"class":331},[94,145357,145358,145360,145362,145364,145366,145368],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,145359,326],{"class":145},[94,145361,149],{"class":108},[94,145363,1817],{"class":152},[94,145365,168],{"class":108},[94,145367,34809],{"class":152},[94,145369,7527],{"class":108},[24,145371,371],{},[85,145373,145375],{"className":87,"code":145374,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"ROOM 7, TABLE #3!\n",[15,145376,145377],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,145378,145379,145382,145384,145386,145389],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,145380,145381],{"class":34784},"ROOM",[94,145383,6325],{"class":112},[94,145385,116],{"class":108},[94,145387,145388],{"class":34784}," TABLE",[94,145390,145391],{"class":159}," #3!\n",[24,145393,145394],{},"The letters changed to uppercase, but the number, space, comma, and symbol stayed the same.",[80,145396,815,145398],{"id":145397},"when-to-use-upper",[15,145399,128334],{},[24,145401,145402,145404],{},[15,145403,128334],{}," is useful when you want to standardize text.",[24,145406,48671],{},[28,145408,145409,145412,145415],{},[31,145410,145411],{},"Standardize user input for comparisons",[31,145413,145414],{},"Format labels or headings",[31,145416,145417],{},"Make text easier to compare in simple cases",[24,145419,145420],{},"Example: simple comparison",[85,145422,145424],{"className":87,"code":145423,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"answer = \"yes\"\n\nif answer.upper() == \"YES\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,145425,145426,145438,145442,145464],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,145427,145428,145430,145432,145434,145436],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,145429,136699],{"class":100},[94,145431,105],{"class":104},[94,145433,1040],{"class":331},[94,145435,8990],{"class":335},[94,145437,1812],{"class":331},[94,145439,145440],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,145441,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,145443,145444,145446,145448,145450,145452,145454,145456,145458,145460,145462],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,145445,7330],{"class":4221},[94,145447,136719],{"class":100},[94,145449,168],{"class":108},[94,145451,34809],{"class":152},[94,145453,174],{"class":108},[94,145455,6741],{"class":104},[94,145457,1040],{"class":331},[94,145459,136706],{"class":335},[94,145461,332],{"class":331},[94,145463,6726],{"class":108},[94,145465,145466,145468,145470,145472,145474,145476],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,145467,8404],{"class":145},[94,145469,149],{"class":108},[94,145471,332],{"class":331},[94,145473,143903],{"class":335},[94,145475,332],{"class":331},[94,145477,316],{"class":108},[24,145479,371],{},[85,145481,145482],{"className":87,"code":143912,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,145483,145484],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,145485,145486],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,145487,143912],{"class":100},[24,145489,145490,145491,2547,145493,2551,145495,168],{},"This can help when users type different letter cases, such as ",[15,145492,8990],{},[15,145494,137492],{},[15,145496,136706],{},[80,145498,3186],{"id":3185},[265,145500,96189],{"id":96188},[24,145502,8451,145503,145506],{},[15,145504,145505],{},"text.upper()"," to change the original variable automatically.",[24,145508,16972],{},[85,145510,145512],{"className":87,"code":145511,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,145513,145514,145526,145536],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,145515,145516,145518,145520,145522,145524],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,145517,1803],{"class":100},[94,145519,105],{"class":104},[94,145521,1040],{"class":331},[94,145523,4190],{"class":335},[94,145525,1812],{"class":331},[94,145527,145528,145530,145532,145534],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,145529,1817],{"class":100},[94,145531,168],{"class":108},[94,145533,34809],{"class":152},[94,145535,511],{"class":108},[94,145537,145538,145540,145542,145544],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,145539,326],{"class":145},[94,145541,149],{"class":108},[94,145543,1817],{"class":152},[94,145545,316],{"class":108},[24,145547,371],{},[85,145549,145550],{"className":87,"code":138771,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,145551,145552],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,145553,145554],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,145555,138771],{"class":100},[24,145557,16984],{},[85,145559,145561],{"className":87,"code":145560,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"hello\"\ntext = text.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,145562,145563,145575,145589],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,145564,145565,145567,145569,145571,145573],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,145566,1803],{"class":100},[94,145568,105],{"class":104},[94,145570,1040],{"class":331},[94,145572,4190],{"class":335},[94,145574,1812],{"class":331},[94,145576,145577,145579,145581,145583,145585,145587],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,145578,1803],{"class":100},[94,145580,105],{"class":104},[94,145582,43172],{"class":100},[94,145584,168],{"class":108},[94,145586,34809],{"class":152},[94,145588,511],{"class":108},[94,145590,145591,145593,145595,145597],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,145592,326],{"class":145},[94,145594,149],{"class":108},[94,145596,1817],{"class":152},[94,145598,316],{"class":108},[24,145600,371],{},[85,145602,145604],{"className":87,"code":145603,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"HELLO\n",[15,145605,145606],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,145607,145608],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,145609,145603],{"class":34784},[265,145611,19238,145613,137378],{"id":145612},"trying-to-call-upper-on-a-non-string-value",[15,145614,128334],{},[24,145616,145617,145619],{},[15,145618,128334],{}," is a string method. If the value is not a string, it will fail.",[24,145621,2566],{},[85,145623,145625],{"className":87,"code":145624,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"number = 123\nprint(number.upper())\n",[15,145626,145627,145635],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,145628,145629,145631,145633],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,145630,2576],{"class":100},[94,145632,105],{"class":104},[94,145634,125138],{"class":112},[94,145636,145637,145639,145641,145643,145645,145647],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,145638,326],{"class":145},[94,145640,149],{"class":108},[94,145642,2598],{"class":152},[94,145644,168],{"class":108},[94,145646,34809],{"class":152},[94,145648,7527],{"class":108},[24,145650,39984,145651,145653,145654,1829],{},[15,145652,2546],{}," objects do not have an ",[15,145655,128334],{},[24,145657,145658],{},"If needed, convert the value to a string first:",[85,145660,145662],{"className":87,"code":145661,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"number = 123\nprint(str(number).upper())\n",[15,145663,145664,145672],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,145665,145666,145668,145670],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,145667,2576],{"class":100},[94,145669,105],{"class":104},[94,145671,125138],{"class":112},[94,145673,145674,145676,145678,145680,145682,145684,145686,145688],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,145675,326],{"class":145},[94,145677,149],{"class":108},[94,145679,1372],{"class":913},[94,145681,149],{"class":108},[94,145683,2598],{"class":152},[94,145685,8965],{"class":108},[94,145687,34809],{"class":152},[94,145689,7527],{"class":108},[24,145691,371],{},[85,145693,145695],{"className":87,"code":145694,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"123\n",[15,145696,145697],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,145698,145699],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,145700,145694],{"class":112},[265,145702,37533,145704,145706],{"id":145703},"confusing-upper-with-title-case",[15,145705,128334],{}," with title case",[24,145708,145709,145711,145712,145715],{},[15,145710,128334],{}," makes ",[43,145713,145714],{},"all letters uppercase",". It does not make every word start with a capital letter.",[85,145717,145719],{"className":87,"code":145718,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,145720,145721,145733],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,145722,145723,145725,145727,145729,145731],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,145724,1803],{"class":100},[94,145726,105],{"class":104},[94,145728,1040],{"class":331},[94,145730,60731],{"class":335},[94,145732,1812],{"class":331},[94,145734,145735,145737,145739,145741,145743,145745],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,145736,326],{"class":145},[94,145738,149],{"class":108},[94,145740,1817],{"class":152},[94,145742,168],{"class":108},[94,145744,34809],{"class":152},[94,145746,7527],{"class":108},[24,145748,371],{},[85,145750,145752],{"className":87,"code":145751,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"HELLO WORLD\n",[15,145753,145754],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,145755,145756,145758],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,145757,136480],{"class":34784},[94,145759,145760],{"class":34784}," WORLD\n",[24,145762,145763,145764,145768,145769,145773],{},"If your goal is different, another method may fit better. For example, ",[434,145765,145766],{"href":124183},[15,145767,124186],{}," makes text lowercase, and ",[434,145770,145771],{"href":130037},[15,145772,124627],{}," changes parts of a string.",[80,145775,145777],{"id":145776},"related-string-methods","Related string methods",[24,145779,145780,145781,384],{},"These string methods are often used with ",[15,145782,128334],{},[28,145784,145785,145792,145799,145806],{},[31,145786,145787,145791],{},[434,145788,145789],{"href":124183},[15,145790,124186],{}," for lowercase text",[31,145793,145794,145798],{},[434,145795,145796],{"href":137026},[15,145797,41984],{}," for removing leading and trailing whitespace",[31,145800,145801,145805],{},[434,145802,145803],{"href":130037},[15,145804,124627],{}," for changing parts of a string",[31,145807,145808,1139,145810,145812],{},[15,145809,127824],{},[15,145811,126514],{}," for checks",[24,145814,2566],{},[85,145816,145818],{"className":87,"code":145817,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\ncleaned = text.strip()\nloud = cleaned.upper()\n\nprint(loud)\n",[15,145819,145820,145832,145836,145851,145867,145871],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,145821,145822,145824,145826,145828,145830],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,145823,1803],{"class":100},[94,145825,105],{"class":104},[94,145827,1040],{"class":331},[94,145829,143554],{"class":335},[94,145831,1812],{"class":331},[94,145833,145834],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,145835,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,145837,145838,145841,145843,145845,145847,145849],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,145839,145840],{"class":100},"cleaned ",[94,145842,105],{"class":104},[94,145844,43172],{"class":100},[94,145846,168],{"class":108},[94,145848,8968],{"class":152},[94,145850,511],{"class":108},[94,145852,145853,145856,145858,145861,145863,145865],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,145854,145855],{"class":100},"loud ",[94,145857,105],{"class":104},[94,145859,145860],{"class":100}," cleaned",[94,145862,168],{"class":108},[94,145864,34809],{"class":152},[94,145866,511],{"class":108},[94,145868,145869],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,145870,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,145872,145873,145875,145877,145880],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,145874,326],{"class":145},[94,145876,149],{"class":108},[94,145878,145879],{"class":152},"loud",[94,145881,316],{"class":108},[24,145883,371],{},[85,145885,145886],{"className":87,"code":145751,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,145887,145888],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,145889,145890,145892],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,145891,136480],{"class":34784},[94,145893,145760],{"class":34784},[80,145895,2160],{"id":2159},[265,145897,13029,145899,124783],{"id":145898},"does-upper-change-the-original-string",[15,145900,128334],{},[24,145902,145903],{},"No. It returns a new uppercase string. Save the result if you want to keep it.",[265,145905,13029,145907,137760],{"id":145906},"does-upper-take-any-arguments",[15,145908,128334],{},[24,145910,145911,145912,168],{},"No. The method is called with empty parentheses: ",[15,145913,145505],{},[265,145915,145917],{"id":145916},"what-happens-to-numbers-and-symbols","What happens to numbers and symbols?",[24,145919,145920,145921,145923],{},"They stay the same. ",[15,145922,128334],{}," only changes letters that can be converted to uppercase.",[265,145925,2201,145927,145929],{"id":145926},"can-i-use-upper-for-case-insensitive-comparison",[15,145928,128334],{}," for case-insensitive comparison?",[24,145931,145932],{},"Yes, for simple cases. Convert both strings before comparing them.",[24,145934,2566],{},[85,145936,145938],{"className":87,"code":145937,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"a = \"python\"\nb = \"PYTHON\"\n\nprint(a.upper() == b.upper())\n",[15,145939,145940,145952,145965,145969],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,145941,145942,145944,145946,145948,145950],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,145943,635],{"class":100},[94,145945,105],{"class":104},[94,145947,1040],{"class":331},[94,145949,89],{"class":335},[94,145951,1812],{"class":331},[94,145953,145954,145956,145958,145960,145963],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,145955,2937],{"class":100},[94,145957,105],{"class":104},[94,145959,1040],{"class":331},[94,145961,145962],{"class":335},"PYTHON",[94,145964,1812],{"class":331},[94,145966,145967],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,145968,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,145970,145971,145973,145975,145977,145979,145981,145983,145985,145987,145989,145991],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,145972,326],{"class":145},[94,145974,149],{"class":108},[94,145976,434],{"class":152},[94,145978,168],{"class":108},[94,145980,34809],{"class":152},[94,145982,174],{"class":108},[94,145984,6741],{"class":104},[94,145986,2914],{"class":152},[94,145988,168],{"class":108},[94,145990,34809],{"class":152},[94,145992,7527],{"class":108},[24,145994,371],{},[85,145996,145997],{"className":87,"code":4325,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,145998,145999],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,146000,146001],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,146002,4325],{"class":1224},[80,146004,2232],{"id":2231},[28,146006,146007,146011,146017,146023,146029,146033,146037],{},[31,146008,146009],{},[434,146010,125211],{"href":51306},[31,146012,146013],{},[434,146014,126456,146015,567],{"href":124183},[15,146016,124186],{},[31,146018,146019],{},[434,146020,126456,146021,567],{"href":137026},[15,146022,41984],{},[31,146024,146025],{},[434,146026,126456,146027,567],{"href":130037},[15,146028,124627],{},[31,146030,146031],{},[434,146032,90984],{"href":89994},[31,146034,146035],{},[434,146036,124855],{"href":123711},[31,146038,146039],{},[434,146040,137846],{"href":136427},[2260,146042,146043],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":90,"searchDepth":130,"depth":130,"links":146045},[146046,146047,146049,146050,146051,146053,146054,146056,146063,146064,146073],{"id":2360,"depth":130,"text":2361},{"id":144969,"depth":130,"text":146048},"What upper() does",{"id":2513,"depth":130,"text":2514},{"id":11804,"depth":130,"text":11805},{"id":145179,"depth":130,"text":146052},"upper() does not change the original string",{"id":145315,"depth":130,"text":145316},{"id":145397,"depth":130,"text":146055},"When to use upper()",{"id":3185,"depth":130,"text":3186,"children":146057},[146058,146059,146061],{"id":96188,"depth":137,"text":96189},{"id":145612,"depth":137,"text":146060},"Trying to call upper() on a non-string value",{"id":145703,"depth":137,"text":146062},"Confusing upper() with title case",{"id":145776,"depth":130,"text":145777},{"id":2159,"depth":130,"text":2160,"children":146065},[146066,146068,146070,146071],{"id":145898,"depth":137,"text":146067},"Does upper() change the original string?",{"id":145906,"depth":137,"text":146069},"Does upper() take any arguments?",{"id":145916,"depth":137,"text":145917},{"id":145926,"depth":137,"text":146072},"Can I use upper() for case-insensitive comparison?",{"id":2231,"depth":130,"text":2232},"Master python string upper method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method",{"title":144893,"description":146074},"reference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method","CsxUKCdYvLDpit9Dq111nYxjaDPu17cNNaa2kyQ-PpY",{"id":146081,"title":146082,"body":146083,"description":147960,"extension":2319,"meta":147961,"navigation":133,"path":147962,"seo":147963,"stem":147964,"__hash__":147965},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained.md","Python sum() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":146084,"toc":147910},[146085,146091,146098,146104,146106,146162,146167,146172,146177,146180,146199,146202,146204,146228,146246,146257,146259,146262,146315,146317,146325,146327,146345,146350,146353,146410,146412,146421,146424,146444,146447,146453,146458,146460,146503,146505,146513,146516,146557,146559,146568,146574,146580,146607,146609,146617,146622,146626,146638,146681,146683,146691,146696,146702,146707,146711,146713,146756,146759,146806,146808,146817,146824,146828,146831,146877,146882,146886,146888,146931,146934,146942,146944,146949,146951,146953,146972,146975,146987,146989,147008,147010,147018,147022,147024,147075,147078,147153,147155,147163,147166,147170,147172,147219,147222,147293,147295,147303,147309,147311,147386,147390,147469,147471,147479,147485,147491,147496,147501,147550,147554,147625,147628,147633,147644,147647,147658,147668,147670,147675,147700,147705,147786,147788,147813,147815,147820,147823,147829,147838,147844,147847,147853,147859,147866,147869,147871,147907],[10,146086,13,146088,3930],{"id":146087},"python-sum-function-explained",[15,146089,146090],{},"sum()",[24,146092,9456,146093,146095,146096,25095],{},[15,146094,146090],{}," function adds numbers from an iterable such as a list, tuple, or ",[15,146097,60323],{},[24,146099,146100,146101,146103],{},"It is one of the simplest ways to get a total in Python. Beginners often use it to add all numbers in a list, but it also has an optional ",[15,146102,36400],{}," value and a few important limits.",[80,146105,2361],{"id":2360},[85,146107,146109],{"className":87,"code":146108,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)  # 10\n",[15,146110,146111,146135,146150],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,146112,146113,146115,146117,146119,146121,146123,146125,146127,146129,146131,146133],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,146114,101],{"class":100},[94,146116,105],{"class":104},[94,146118,109],{"class":108},[94,146120,412],{"class":112},[94,146122,116],{"class":108},[94,146124,124],{"class":112},[94,146126,116],{"class":108},[94,146128,421],{"class":112},[94,146130,116],{"class":108},[94,146132,624],{"class":112},[94,146134,127],{"class":108},[94,146136,146137,146139,146141,146144,146146,146148],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,146138,41513],{"class":100},[94,146140,105],{"class":104},[94,146142,146143],{"class":145}," sum",[94,146145,149],{"class":108},[94,146147,153],{"class":152},[94,146149,316],{"class":108},[94,146151,146152,146154,146156,146158,146160],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,146153,326],{"class":145},[94,146155,149],{"class":108},[94,146157,41542],{"class":152},[94,146159,156],{"class":108},[94,146161,27126],{"class":159},[24,146163,54,146164,146166],{},[15,146165,146090],{}," to add numbers from an iterable like a list or tuple.",[80,146168,215,146170,218],{"id":146169},"what-sum-does",[15,146171,146090],{},[24,146173,146174,146176],{},[15,146175,146090],{}," adds numeric values from an iterable.",[24,146178,146179],{},"Common beginner uses include:",[28,146181,146182,146185,146188,146193],{},[31,146183,146184],{},"Adding numbers in a list",[31,146186,146187],{},"Adding values in a tuple",[31,146189,146190,146191],{},"Adding numbers from ",[15,146192,36526],{},[31,146194,146195,146196,146198],{},"Counting ",[15,146197,1225],{}," values in a list of booleans",[24,146200,146201],{},"It returns the final total as a number.",[80,146203,2514],{"id":2513},[85,146205,146207],{"className":87,"code":146206,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"sum(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,146208,146209],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,146210,146211,146214,146216,146218,146220,146222,146224,146226],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,146212,146213],{"class":145},"sum",[94,146215,149],{"class":108},[94,146217,4065],{"class":152},[94,146219,116],{"class":108},[94,146221,36379],{"class":1218},[94,146223,105],{"class":104},[94,146225,2476],{"class":112},[94,146227,316],{"class":108},[28,146229,146230,146235,146240],{},[31,146231,146232,146234],{},[15,146233,4065],{}," is the group of values to add",[31,146236,146237,146239],{},[15,146238,36400],{}," is an optional value added before the iterable values",[31,146241,146242,146243],{},"Most of the time, beginners only need ",[15,146244,146245],{},"sum(iterable)",[24,146247,146248,146249,146252,146253,168],{},"If you are new to the word ",[146250,146251,4065],"em",{},", think of it as a group of values you can loop through, such as a list, tuple, or ",[434,146254,146255,24949],{"href":36523},[15,146256,36526],{},[80,146258,11805],{"id":11804},[24,146260,146261],{},"Here is a basic example with a list of integers:",[85,146263,146265],{"className":87,"code":146264,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [5, 10, 15]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,146266,146267,146287,146301,146305],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,146268,146269,146271,146273,146275,146277,146279,146281,146283,146285],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,146270,101],{"class":100},[94,146272,105],{"class":104},[94,146274,109],{"class":108},[94,146276,615],{"class":112},[94,146278,116],{"class":108},[94,146280,6336],{"class":112},[94,146282,116],{"class":108},[94,146284,38266],{"class":112},[94,146286,127],{"class":108},[94,146288,146289,146291,146293,146295,146297,146299],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,146290,41513],{"class":100},[94,146292,105],{"class":104},[94,146294,146143],{"class":145},[94,146296,149],{"class":108},[94,146298,153],{"class":152},[94,146300,316],{"class":108},[94,146302,146303],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,146304,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,146306,146307,146309,146311,146313],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,146308,326],{"class":145},[94,146310,149],{"class":108},[94,146312,41542],{"class":152},[94,146314,316],{"class":108},[24,146316,371],{},[85,146318,146319],{"className":87,"code":70164,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,146320,146321],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,146322,146323],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,146324,70164],{"class":112},[24,146326,12014],{},[28,146328,146329,146334,146340],{},[31,146330,146331,146333],{},[15,146332,153],{}," contains three integers",[31,146335,146336,146339],{},[15,146337,146338],{},"sum(numbers)"," adds them together",[31,146341,146342,146343],{},"The result is stored in ",[15,146344,41542],{},[80,146346,36941,146348,8766],{"id":146347},"using-the-start-value",[15,146349,36400],{},[24,146351,146352],{},"The second argument lets you begin with an extra value before Python adds the iterable items.",[85,146354,146356],{"className":87,"code":146355,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ntotal = sum(numbers, 10)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,146357,146358,146378,146396,146400],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,146359,146360,146362,146364,146366,146368,146370,146372,146374,146376],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,146361,101],{"class":100},[94,146363,105],{"class":104},[94,146365,109],{"class":108},[94,146367,412],{"class":112},[94,146369,116],{"class":108},[94,146371,124],{"class":112},[94,146373,116],{"class":108},[94,146375,421],{"class":112},[94,146377,127],{"class":108},[94,146379,146380,146382,146384,146386,146388,146390,146392,146394],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,146381,41513],{"class":100},[94,146383,105],{"class":104},[94,146385,146143],{"class":145},[94,146387,149],{"class":108},[94,146389,153],{"class":152},[94,146391,116],{"class":108},[94,146393,6336],{"class":112},[94,146395,316],{"class":108},[94,146397,146398],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,146399,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,146401,146402,146404,146406,146408],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,146403,326],{"class":145},[94,146405,149],{"class":108},[94,146407,41542],{"class":152},[94,146409,316],{"class":108},[24,146411,371],{},[85,146413,146415],{"className":87,"code":146414,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"16\n",[15,146416,146417],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,146418,146419],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,146420,146414],{"class":112},[24,146422,146423],{},"This works like:",[28,146425,146426,146431,146436,146440],{},[31,146427,146428,146429],{},"Start at ",[15,146430,2688],{},[31,146432,146433,146434],{},"Add ",[15,146435,412],{},[31,146437,146433,146438],{},[15,146439,763],{},[31,146441,146433,146442],{},[15,146443,113],{},[24,146445,146446],{},"This is useful when you already have a starting total.",[80,146448,215,146450,146452],{"id":146449},"what-sum-can-work-with",[15,146451,146090],{}," can work with",[24,146454,146455,146457],{},[15,146456,146090],{}," works with numeric values.",[265,146459,40755],{"id":40754},[85,146461,146463],{"className":87,"code":146462,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"values = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146464,146465,146489],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,146466,146467,146469,146471,146473,146475,146477,146479,146481,146483,146485,146487],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,146468,4167],{"class":100},[94,146470,105],{"class":104},[94,146472,109],{"class":108},[94,146474,412],{"class":112},[94,146476,116],{"class":108},[94,146478,124],{"class":112},[94,146480,116],{"class":108},[94,146482,421],{"class":112},[94,146484,116],{"class":108},[94,146486,624],{"class":112},[94,146488,127],{"class":108},[94,146490,146491,146493,146495,146497,146499,146501],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,146492,326],{"class":145},[94,146494,149],{"class":108},[94,146496,146213],{"class":145},[94,146498,149],{"class":108},[94,146500,5690],{"class":152},[94,146502,921],{"class":108},[24,146504,371],{},[85,146506,146507],{"className":87,"code":2734,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,146508,146509],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,146510,146511],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,146512,2734],{"class":112},[265,146514,146515],{"id":52375},"Floats",[85,146517,146519],{"className":87,"code":146518,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"prices = [2.5, 3.75, 1.25]\nprint(sum(prices))\n",[15,146520,146521,146543],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,146522,146523,146525,146527,146529,146531,146533,146536,146538,146541],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,146524,83352],{"class":100},[94,146526,105],{"class":104},[94,146528,109],{"class":108},[94,146530,41489],{"class":112},[94,146532,116],{"class":108},[94,146534,146535],{"class":112}," 3.75",[94,146537,116],{"class":108},[94,146539,146540],{"class":112}," 1.25",[94,146542,127],{"class":108},[94,146544,146545,146547,146549,146551,146553,146555],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,146546,326],{"class":145},[94,146548,149],{"class":108},[94,146550,146213],{"class":145},[94,146552,149],{"class":108},[94,146554,83388],{"class":152},[94,146556,921],{"class":108},[24,146558,371],{},[85,146560,146562],{"className":87,"code":146561,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"7.5\n",[15,146563,146564],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,146565,146566],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,146567,146561],{"class":112},[24,146569,146570,146571,168],{},"If you need a refresher on numeric types, see ",[434,146572,146573],{"href":2776},"Python numbers explained: int and float",[265,146575,146577,146578],{"id":146576},"values-from-range","Values from ",[15,146579,36526],{},[85,146581,146583],{"className":87,"code":146582,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(sum(range(1, 6)))\n",[15,146584,146585],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,146586,146587,146589,146591,146593,146595,146597,146599,146601,146603,146605],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,146588,326],{"class":145},[94,146590,149],{"class":108},[94,146592,146213],{"class":145},[94,146594,149],{"class":108},[94,146596,60323],{"class":145},[94,146598,149],{"class":108},[94,146600,412],{"class":112},[94,146602,116],{"class":108},[94,146604,37973],{"class":112},[94,146606,3268],{"class":108},[24,146608,371],{},[85,146610,146611],{"className":87,"code":47372,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,146612,146613],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,146614,146615],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,146616,47372],{"class":112},[24,146618,113859,146619,168],{},[15,146620,146621],{},"1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5",[265,146623,146625],{"id":146624},"boolean-values","Boolean values",[24,146627,146628,146629,146631,146632,1139,146634,146631,146636,168],{},"Booleans can also be summed because ",[15,146630,1225],{}," acts like ",[15,146633,412],{},[15,146635,4020],{},[15,146637,2476],{},[85,146639,146641],{"className":87,"code":146640,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"results = [True, False, True, True]\nprint(sum(results))\n",[15,146642,146643,146667],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,146644,146645,146647,146649,146651,146653,146655,146657,146659,146661,146663,146665],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,146646,52295],{"class":100},[94,146648,105],{"class":104},[94,146650,109],{"class":108},[94,146652,1225],{"class":1224},[94,146654,116],{"class":108},[94,146656,4252],{"class":1224},[94,146658,116],{"class":108},[94,146660,4261],{"class":1224},[94,146662,116],{"class":108},[94,146664,4261],{"class":1224},[94,146666,127],{"class":108},[94,146668,146669,146671,146673,146675,146677,146679],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,146670,326],{"class":145},[94,146672,149],{"class":108},[94,146674,146213],{"class":145},[94,146676,149],{"class":108},[94,146678,52348],{"class":152},[94,146680,921],{"class":108},[24,146682,371],{},[85,146684,146685],{"className":87,"code":46948,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,146686,146687],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,146688,146689],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,146690,46948],{"class":112},[24,146692,146693,146694,168],{},"This is a simple way to count how many values are ",[15,146695,1225],{},[80,146697,215,146699,146701],{"id":146698},"what-sum-does-not-work-with",[15,146700,146090],{}," does not work with",[24,146703,146704,146706],{},[15,146705,146090],{}," is for numeric addition. It is not for joining text or combining lists.",[265,146708,146710],{"id":146709},"it-does-not-join-strings","It does not join strings",[24,146712,3193],{},[85,146714,146716],{"className":87,"code":146715,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(sum(words))\n",[15,146717,146718,146742],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,146719,146720,146722,146724,146726,146728,146730,146732,146734,146736,146738,146740],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,146721,1314],{"class":100},[94,146723,105],{"class":104},[94,146725,109],{"class":108},[94,146727,332],{"class":331},[94,146729,4190],{"class":335},[94,146731,332],{"class":331},[94,146733,116],{"class":108},[94,146735,1040],{"class":331},[94,146737,60916],{"class":335},[94,146739,332],{"class":331},[94,146741,127],{"class":108},[94,146743,146744,146746,146748,146750,146752,146754],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,146745,326],{"class":145},[94,146747,149],{"class":108},[94,146749,146213],{"class":145},[94,146751,149],{"class":108},[94,146753,1362],{"class":152},[94,146755,921],{"class":108},[24,146757,146758],{},"Use string joining instead:",[85,146760,146762],{"className":87,"code":146761,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,146763,146764,146788],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,146765,146766,146768,146770,146772,146774,146776,146778,146780,146782,146784,146786],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,146767,1314],{"class":100},[94,146769,105],{"class":104},[94,146771,109],{"class":108},[94,146773,332],{"class":331},[94,146775,4190],{"class":335},[94,146777,332],{"class":331},[94,146779,116],{"class":108},[94,146781,1040],{"class":331},[94,146783,60916],{"class":335},[94,146785,332],{"class":331},[94,146787,127],{"class":108},[94,146789,146790,146792,146794,146796,146798,146800,146802,146804],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,146791,326],{"class":145},[94,146793,149],{"class":108},[94,146795,6604],{"class":331},[94,146797,168],{"class":108},[94,146799,133615],{"class":152},[94,146801,149],{"class":108},[94,146803,1362],{"class":152},[94,146805,921],{"class":108},[24,146807,371],{},[85,146809,146811],{"className":87,"code":146810,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"helloworld\n",[15,146812,146813],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,146814,146815],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,146816,146810],{"class":100},[24,146818,146819,146820,168],{},"If you need to turn values into text first, see ",[434,146821,146822,6114],{"href":42505},[15,146823,48015],{},[265,146825,146827],{"id":146826},"it-does-not-combine-lists","It does not combine lists",[24,146829,146830],{},"This also causes an error:",[85,146832,146834],{"className":87,"code":146833,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"lists = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(sum(lists))\n",[15,146835,146836,146863],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,146837,146838,146841,146843,146845,146847,146849,146851,146853,146855,146857,146859,146861],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,146839,146840],{"class":100},"lists ",[94,146842,105],{"class":104},[94,146844,56618],{"class":108},[94,146846,412],{"class":112},[94,146848,116],{"class":108},[94,146850,124],{"class":112},[94,146852,18392],{"class":108},[94,146854,109],{"class":108},[94,146856,113],{"class":112},[94,146858,116],{"class":108},[94,146860,624],{"class":112},[94,146862,53571],{"class":108},[94,146864,146865,146867,146869,146871,146873,146875],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,146866,326],{"class":145},[94,146868,149],{"class":108},[94,146870,146213],{"class":145},[94,146872,149],{"class":108},[94,146874,251],{"class":152},[94,146876,921],{"class":108},[24,146878,146879,146881],{},[15,146880,146090],{}," is not the right tool for combining lists.",[265,146883,146885],{"id":146884},"it-fails-with-mixed-incompatible-types","It fails with mixed incompatible types",[24,146887,5804],{},[85,146889,146891],{"className":87,"code":146890,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"values = [1, 2, \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146892,146893,146917],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,146894,146895,146897,146899,146901,146903,146905,146907,146909,146911,146913,146915],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,146896,4167],{"class":100},[94,146898,105],{"class":104},[94,146900,109],{"class":108},[94,146902,412],{"class":112},[94,146904,116],{"class":108},[94,146906,124],{"class":112},[94,146908,116],{"class":108},[94,146910,1040],{"class":331},[94,146912,113],{"class":335},[94,146914,332],{"class":331},[94,146916,127],{"class":108},[94,146918,146919,146921,146923,146925,146927,146929],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,146920,326],{"class":145},[94,146922,149],{"class":108},[94,146924,146213],{"class":145},[94,146926,149],{"class":108},[94,146928,5690],{"class":152},[94,146930,921],{"class":108},[24,146932,146933],{},"This fails because Python cannot add integers and strings together.",[24,146935,146936,146937,146939,146940,168],{},"If you have number strings such as ",[15,146938,66269],{},", convert them first. See ",[434,146941,3319],{"href":3318},[80,146943,41835],{"id":41834},[24,146945,146946,146947,168],{},"Here are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,146948,146090],{},[265,146950,6856],{"id":6855},[24,146952,4869],{},[85,146954,146956],{"className":87,"code":146955,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(sum(5))\n",[15,146957,146958],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,146959,146960,146962,146964,146966,146968,146970],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,146961,326],{"class":145},[94,146963,149],{"class":108},[94,146965,146213],{"class":145},[94,146967,149],{"class":108},[94,146969,615],{"class":112},[94,146971,921],{"class":108},[24,146973,146974],{},"Why it fails:",[28,146976,146977,146982],{},[31,146978,146979,146981],{},[15,146980,615],{}," is a single integer",[31,146983,146984,146986],{},[15,146985,146090],{}," expects an iterable, not one number",[24,146988,6886],{},[85,146990,146992],{"className":87,"code":146991,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(sum([5]))\n",[15,146993,146994],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,146995,146996,146998,147000,147002,147004,147006],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,146997,326],{"class":145},[94,146999,149],{"class":108},[94,147001,146213],{"class":145},[94,147003,3342],{"class":108},[94,147005,615],{"class":112},[94,147007,3355],{"class":108},[24,147009,371],{},[85,147011,147012],{"className":87,"code":3303,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,147013,147014],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,147015,147016],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,147017,3303],{"class":112},[265,147019,147021],{"id":147020},"trying-to-sum-strings","Trying to sum strings",[24,147023,4869],{},[85,147025,147027],{"className":87,"code":147026,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,147028,147029,147061],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,147030,147031,147033,147035,147037,147039,147041,147043,147045,147047,147049,147051,147053,147055,147057,147059],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,147032,4167],{"class":100},[94,147034,105],{"class":104},[94,147036,109],{"class":108},[94,147038,332],{"class":331},[94,147040,412],{"class":335},[94,147042,332],{"class":331},[94,147044,116],{"class":108},[94,147046,1040],{"class":331},[94,147048,763],{"class":335},[94,147050,332],{"class":331},[94,147052,116],{"class":108},[94,147054,1040],{"class":331},[94,147056,113],{"class":335},[94,147058,332],{"class":331},[94,147060,127],{"class":108},[94,147062,147063,147065,147067,147069,147071,147073],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,147064,326],{"class":145},[94,147066,149],{"class":108},[94,147068,146213],{"class":145},[94,147070,149],{"class":108},[94,147072,5690],{"class":152},[94,147074,921],{"class":108},[24,147076,147077],{},"Fix it by converting the strings to integers:",[85,147079,147081],{"className":87,"code":147080,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,147082,147083,147115,147143],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,147084,147085,147087,147089,147091,147093,147095,147097,147099,147101,147103,147105,147107,147109,147111,147113],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,147086,4167],{"class":100},[94,147088,105],{"class":104},[94,147090,109],{"class":108},[94,147092,332],{"class":331},[94,147094,412],{"class":335},[94,147096,332],{"class":331},[94,147098,116],{"class":108},[94,147100,1040],{"class":331},[94,147102,763],{"class":335},[94,147104,332],{"class":331},[94,147106,116],{"class":108},[94,147108,1040],{"class":331},[94,147110,113],{"class":335},[94,147112,332],{"class":331},[94,147114,127],{"class":108},[94,147116,147117,147119,147121,147123,147125,147127,147129,147131,147133,147135,147137,147139,147141],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,147118,41513],{"class":100},[94,147120,105],{"class":104},[94,147122,146143],{"class":145},[94,147124,149],{"class":108},[94,147126,2546],{"class":913},[94,147128,149],{"class":108},[94,147130,2531],{"class":152},[94,147132,156],{"class":108},[94,147134,4222],{"class":4221},[94,147136,4225],{"class":152},[94,147138,4228],{"class":4221},[94,147140,4231],{"class":152},[94,147142,316],{"class":108},[94,147144,147145,147147,147149,147151],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,147146,326],{"class":145},[94,147148,149],{"class":108},[94,147150,41542],{"class":152},[94,147152,316],{"class":108},[24,147154,371],{},[85,147156,147157],{"className":87,"code":3010,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,147158,147159],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,147160,147161],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,147162,3010],{"class":112},[24,147164,147165],{},"This kind of problem is related to TypeError with unsupported operand types.",[265,147167,147169],{"id":147168},"mixing-numbers-and-strings","Mixing numbers and strings",[24,147171,4869],{},[85,147173,147175],{"className":87,"code":147174,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,147176,147177,147205],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,147178,147179,147181,147183,147185,147187,147189,147191,147193,147195,147197,147199,147201,147203],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,147180,4167],{"class":100},[94,147182,105],{"class":104},[94,147184,109],{"class":108},[94,147186,412],{"class":112},[94,147188,116],{"class":108},[94,147190,124],{"class":112},[94,147192,116],{"class":108},[94,147194,1040],{"class":331},[94,147196,113],{"class":335},[94,147198,332],{"class":331},[94,147200,116],{"class":108},[94,147202,624],{"class":112},[94,147204,127],{"class":108},[94,147206,147207,147209,147211,147213,147215,147217],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,147208,326],{"class":145},[94,147210,149],{"class":108},[94,147212,146213],{"class":145},[94,147214,149],{"class":108},[94,147216,5690],{"class":152},[94,147218,921],{"class":108},[24,147220,147221],{},"Fix it by making all values numeric:",[85,147223,147225],{"className":87,"code":147224,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,147226,147227,147255,147283],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,147228,147229,147231,147233,147235,147237,147239,147241,147243,147245,147247,147249,147251,147253],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,147230,4167],{"class":100},[94,147232,105],{"class":104},[94,147234,109],{"class":108},[94,147236,412],{"class":112},[94,147238,116],{"class":108},[94,147240,124],{"class":112},[94,147242,116],{"class":108},[94,147244,1040],{"class":331},[94,147246,113],{"class":335},[94,147248,332],{"class":331},[94,147250,116],{"class":108},[94,147252,624],{"class":112},[94,147254,127],{"class":108},[94,147256,147257,147259,147261,147263,147265,147267,147269,147271,147273,147275,147277,147279,147281],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,147258,41513],{"class":100},[94,147260,105],{"class":104},[94,147262,146143],{"class":145},[94,147264,149],{"class":108},[94,147266,2546],{"class":913},[94,147268,149],{"class":108},[94,147270,2531],{"class":152},[94,147272,156],{"class":108},[94,147274,4222],{"class":4221},[94,147276,4225],{"class":152},[94,147278,4228],{"class":4221},[94,147280,4231],{"class":152},[94,147282,316],{"class":108},[94,147284,147285,147287,147289,147291],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,147286,326],{"class":145},[94,147288,149],{"class":108},[94,147290,41542],{"class":152},[94,147292,316],{"class":108},[24,147294,371],{},[85,147296,147297],{"className":87,"code":2734,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,147298,147299],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,147300,147301],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,147302,2734],{"class":112},[265,147304,1484,147306,147308],{"id":147305},"using-sum-to-join-text",[15,147307,146090],{}," to join text",[24,147310,4869],{},[85,147312,147314],{"className":87,"code":147313,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(sum(letters))\n",[15,147315,147316,147372],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,147317,147318,147320,147322,147324,147326,147328,147330,147332,147334,147336,147338,147340,147342,147344,147346,147348,147350,147352,147354,147356,147358,147360,147362,147364,147366,147368,147370],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,147319,36418],{"class":100},[94,147321,105],{"class":104},[94,147323,109],{"class":108},[94,147325,332],{"class":331},[94,147327,134214],{"class":335},[94,147329,332],{"class":331},[94,147331,116],{"class":108},[94,147333,1040],{"class":331},[94,147335,12075],{"class":335},[94,147337,332],{"class":331},[94,147339,116],{"class":108},[94,147341,1040],{"class":331},[94,147343,63611],{"class":335},[94,147345,332],{"class":331},[94,147347,116],{"class":108},[94,147349,1040],{"class":331},[94,147351,60763],{"class":335},[94,147353,332],{"class":331},[94,147355,116],{"class":108},[94,147357,1040],{"class":331},[94,147359,60798],{"class":335},[94,147361,332],{"class":331},[94,147363,116],{"class":108},[94,147365,1040],{"class":331},[94,147367,76346],{"class":335},[94,147369,332],{"class":331},[94,147371,127],{"class":108},[94,147373,147374,147376,147378,147380,147382,147384],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,147375,326],{"class":145},[94,147377,149],{"class":108},[94,147379,146213],{"class":145},[94,147381,149],{"class":108},[94,147383,36471],{"class":152},[94,147385,921],{"class":108},[24,147387,54,147388,60857],{},[15,147389,133538],{},[85,147391,147393],{"className":87,"code":147392,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(\"\".join(letters))\n",[15,147394,147395,147451],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,147396,147397,147399,147401,147403,147405,147407,147409,147411,147413,147415,147417,147419,147421,147423,147425,147427,147429,147431,147433,147435,147437,147439,147441,147443,147445,147447,147449],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,147398,36418],{"class":100},[94,147400,105],{"class":104},[94,147402,109],{"class":108},[94,147404,332],{"class":331},[94,147406,134214],{"class":335},[94,147408,332],{"class":331},[94,147410,116],{"class":108},[94,147412,1040],{"class":331},[94,147414,12075],{"class":335},[94,147416,332],{"class":331},[94,147418,116],{"class":108},[94,147420,1040],{"class":331},[94,147422,63611],{"class":335},[94,147424,332],{"class":331},[94,147426,116],{"class":108},[94,147428,1040],{"class":331},[94,147430,60763],{"class":335},[94,147432,332],{"class":331},[94,147434,116],{"class":108},[94,147436,1040],{"class":331},[94,147438,60798],{"class":335},[94,147440,332],{"class":331},[94,147442,116],{"class":108},[94,147444,1040],{"class":331},[94,147446,76346],{"class":335},[94,147448,332],{"class":331},[94,147450,127],{"class":108},[94,147452,147453,147455,147457,147459,147461,147463,147465,147467],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,147454,326],{"class":145},[94,147456,149],{"class":108},[94,147458,6604],{"class":331},[94,147460,168],{"class":108},[94,147462,133615],{"class":152},[94,147464,149],{"class":108},[94,147466,36471],{"class":152},[94,147468,921],{"class":108},[24,147470,371],{},[85,147472,147473],{"className":87,"code":134295,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,147474,147475],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,147476,147477],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,147478,134295],{"class":100},[24,147480,147481,147482,168],{},"If you see string-related errors while building text, you may also want to read ",[434,147483,147484],{"href":135376},"TypeError: sequence item 0 expected str instance",[80,147486,147488,147490],{"id":147487},"sum-vs-manual-loop",[15,147489,146090],{}," vs manual loop",[24,147492,147493,147495],{},[15,147494,146090],{}," is often better when you only need the total.",[265,147497,1484,147499],{"id":147498},"using-sum",[15,147500,146090],{},[85,147502,147504],{"className":87,"code":147503,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)\n",[15,147505,147506,147526,147540],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,147507,147508,147510,147512,147514,147516,147518,147520,147522,147524],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,147509,101],{"class":100},[94,147511,105],{"class":104},[94,147513,109],{"class":108},[94,147515,857],{"class":112},[94,147517,116],{"class":108},[94,147519,6325],{"class":112},[94,147521,116],{"class":108},[94,147523,54464],{"class":112},[94,147525,127],{"class":108},[94,147527,147528,147530,147532,147534,147536,147538],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,147529,41513],{"class":100},[94,147531,105],{"class":104},[94,147533,146143],{"class":145},[94,147535,149],{"class":108},[94,147537,153],{"class":152},[94,147539,316],{"class":108},[94,147541,147542,147544,147546,147548],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,147543,326],{"class":145},[94,147545,149],{"class":108},[94,147547,41542],{"class":152},[94,147549,316],{"class":108},[265,147551,147553],{"id":147552},"using-a-manual-loop","Using a manual loop",[85,147555,147557],{"className":87,"code":147556,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = 0\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    total += number\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,147558,147559,147579,147587,147591,147603,147611,147615],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,147560,147561,147563,147565,147567,147569,147571,147573,147575,147577],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,147562,101],{"class":100},[94,147564,105],{"class":104},[94,147566,109],{"class":108},[94,147568,857],{"class":112},[94,147570,116],{"class":108},[94,147572,6325],{"class":112},[94,147574,116],{"class":108},[94,147576,54464],{"class":112},[94,147578,127],{"class":108},[94,147580,147581,147583,147585],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,147582,41513],{"class":100},[94,147584,105],{"class":104},[94,147586,38843],{"class":112},[94,147588,147589],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,147590,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,147592,147593,147595,147597,147599,147601],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,147594,6289],{"class":4221},[94,147596,6719],{"class":100},[94,147598,4228],{"class":4221},[94,147600,343],{"class":100},[94,147602,6726],{"class":108},[94,147604,147605,147607,147609],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,147606,90408],{"class":100},[94,147608,90411],{"class":104},[94,147610,90414],{"class":100},[94,147612,147613],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,147614,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,147616,147617,147619,147621,147623],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,147618,326],{"class":145},[94,147620,149],{"class":108},[94,147622,41542],{"class":152},[94,147624,316],{"class":108},[24,147626,147627],{},"Both produce the same result.",[24,147629,2845,147630,147632],{},[15,147631,146090],{}," is often better:",[28,147634,147635,147638,147641],{},[31,147636,147637],{},"Shorter code",[31,147639,147640],{},"Easier to read",[31,147642,147643],{},"Clear intent: you want a total",[24,147645,147646],{},"Why a manual loop is sometimes better:",[28,147648,147649,147652,147655],{},[31,147650,147651],{},"You need to skip some values",[31,147653,147654],{},"You need extra checks",[31,147656,147657],{},"You want to change values before adding them",[24,147659,147660,147661,147664,147665,147667],{},"For example, if you only want certain items, you might first ",[434,147662,147663],{"href":40338},"filter a list in Python"," and then use ",[15,147666,146090],{}," on the filtered result.",[80,147669,3186],{"id":3185},[24,147671,147672,147673,384],{},"These are the most common causes of problems with ",[15,147674,146090],{},[28,147676,147677,147683,147690,147697],{},[31,147678,147679,147680],{},"Passing a number instead of an iterable, such as ",[15,147681,147682],{},"sum(5)",[31,147684,147685,147686,147689],{},"Trying to sum strings like ",[15,147687,147688],{},"['1', '2', '3']"," without converting them",[31,147691,1484,147692,147694,147695],{},[15,147693,146090],{}," to join text instead of using string ",[15,147696,133538],{},[31,147698,147699],{},"Mixing numbers and strings in the same iterable",[24,147701,9208,147702,147704],{},[15,147703,146090],{}," is failing, these quick checks can help:",[85,147706,147708],{"className":87,"code":147707,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(values)\nprint(type(values))\nprint([type(x) for x in values])\nprint(sum([int(x) for x in values]))\n",[15,147709,147710,147720,147734,147758],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,147711,147712,147714,147716,147718],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,147713,326],{"class":145},[94,147715,149],{"class":108},[94,147717,5690],{"class":152},[94,147719,316],{"class":108},[94,147721,147722,147724,147726,147728,147730,147732],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,147723,326],{"class":145},[94,147725,149],{"class":108},[94,147727,914],{"class":913},[94,147729,149],{"class":108},[94,147731,5690],{"class":152},[94,147733,921],{"class":108},[94,147735,147736,147738,147740,147742,147744,147746,147748,147750,147752,147754,147756],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,147737,326],{"class":145},[94,147739,3342],{"class":108},[94,147741,914],{"class":913},[94,147743,149],{"class":108},[94,147745,2531],{"class":152},[94,147747,156],{"class":108},[94,147749,4222],{"class":4221},[94,147751,4225],{"class":152},[94,147753,4228],{"class":4221},[94,147755,4231],{"class":152},[94,147757,4234],{"class":108},[94,147759,147760,147762,147764,147766,147768,147770,147772,147774,147776,147778,147780,147782,147784],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,147761,326],{"class":145},[94,147763,149],{"class":108},[94,147765,146213],{"class":145},[94,147767,3342],{"class":108},[94,147769,2546],{"class":913},[94,147771,149],{"class":108},[94,147773,2531],{"class":152},[94,147775,156],{"class":108},[94,147777,4222],{"class":4221},[94,147779,4225],{"class":152},[94,147781,4228],{"class":4221},[94,147783,4231],{"class":152},[94,147785,3355],{"class":108},[24,147787,136109],{},[28,147789,147790,147796,147802,147807],{},[31,147791,147792,147795],{},[15,147793,147794],{},"print(values)"," shows the actual data",[31,147797,147798,147801],{},[15,147799,147800],{},"print(type(values))"," shows whether the main object is a list, tuple, or something else",[31,147803,147804,136131],{},[15,147805,147806],{},"print([type(x) for x in values])",[31,147808,147809,147812],{},[15,147810,147811],{},"print(sum([int(x) for x in values]))"," tests whether conversion to integers fixes the problem",[80,147814,2160],{"id":2159},[265,147816,5479,147818,5482],{"id":147817},"what-does-sum-return-in-python",[15,147819,146090],{},[24,147821,147822],{},"It returns the total of the numeric values in an iterable.",[265,147824,2191,147826,147828],{"id":147825},"can-sum-add-strings-in-python",[15,147827,146090],{}," add strings in Python?",[24,147830,30601,147831,2167,147834,147837],{},[15,147832,147833],{},"''.join(...)",[15,147835,147836],{},"'separator'.join(...)"," for strings.",[265,147839,2191,147841,147843],{"id":147840},"can-sum-work-with-floats",[15,147842,146090],{}," work with floats?",[24,147845,147846],{},"Yes. It can add both integers and floats.",[265,147848,147850,147851,2170],{"id":147849},"what-is-the-second-argument-in-sum","What is the second argument in ",[15,147852,146090],{},[24,147854,147855,147856,147858],{},"It is the optional ",[15,147857,36400],{}," value added before the iterable values are summed.",[265,147860,2179,147862,119686,147864,2170],{"id":147861},"why-does-sum-give-a-typeerror",[15,147863,146090],{},[15,147865,3361],{},[24,147867,147868],{},"Usually because one or more values are not numbers, or because the argument is not an iterable.",[80,147870,2232],{"id":2231},[28,147872,147873,147877,147883,147889,147895,147899,147903],{},[31,147874,147875],{},[434,147876,146573],{"href":2776},[31,147878,147879],{},[434,147880,13,147881,439],{"href":36523},[15,147882,36526],{},[31,147884,147885],{},[434,147886,13,147887,439],{"href":42688},[15,147888,42691],{},[31,147890,147891],{},[434,147892,13,147893,439],{"href":42505},[15,147894,48015],{},[31,147896,147897],{},[434,147898,5556],{"href":40338},[31,147900,147901],{},[434,147902,3877],{"href":3318},[31,147904,147905],{},[434,147906,147484],{"href":135376},[2260,147908,147909],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":90,"searchDepth":130,"depth":130,"links":147911},[147912,147913,147915,147916,147917,147919,147927,147933,147940,147946,147947,147959],{"id":2360,"depth":130,"text":2361},{"id":146169,"depth":130,"text":147914},"What sum() does",{"id":2513,"depth":130,"text":2514},{"id":11804,"depth":130,"text":11805},{"id":146347,"depth":130,"text":147918},"Using the start value",{"id":146449,"depth":130,"text":147920,"children":147921},"What sum() can work with",[147922,147923,147924,147926],{"id":40754,"depth":137,"text":40755},{"id":52375,"depth":137,"text":146515},{"id":146576,"depth":137,"text":147925},"Values from range()",{"id":146624,"depth":137,"text":146625},{"id":146698,"depth":130,"text":147928,"children":147929},"What sum() does not work with",[147930,147931,147932],{"id":146709,"depth":137,"text":146710},{"id":146826,"depth":137,"text":146827},{"id":146884,"depth":137,"text":146885},{"id":41834,"depth":130,"text":41835,"children":147934},[147935,147936,147937,147938],{"id":6855,"depth":137,"text":6856},{"id":147020,"depth":137,"text":147021},{"id":147168,"depth":137,"text":147169},{"id":147305,"depth":137,"text":147939},"Using sum() to join text",{"id":147487,"depth":130,"text":147941,"children":147942},"sum() vs manual loop",[147943,147945],{"id":147498,"depth":137,"text":147944},"Using sum()",{"id":147552,"depth":137,"text":147553},{"id":3185,"depth":130,"text":3186},{"id":2159,"depth":130,"text":2160,"children":147948},[147949,147951,147953,147955,147957],{"id":147817,"depth":137,"text":147950},"What does sum() return in Python?",{"id":147825,"depth":137,"text":147952},"Can sum() add strings in Python?",{"id":147840,"depth":137,"text":147954},"Can sum() work with floats?",{"id":147849,"depth":137,"text":147956},"What is the second argument in sum()?",{"id":147861,"depth":137,"text":147958},"Why does sum() give a TypeError?",{"id":2231,"depth":130,"text":2232},"Master python sum function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained",{"title":146082,"description":147960},"reference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained","pUBJSfP8YGcV7z25xWzkoWEl0bvqGBoLMBf338R4GWY",{"id":147967,"title":147968,"body":147969,"description":149371,"extension":2319,"meta":149372,"navigation":133,"path":149373,"seo":149374,"stem":149375,"__hash__":149376},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method.md","Python Tuple count() Method",{"type":7,"value":147970,"toc":149339},[147971,147977,147983,147986,148049,148055,148060,148064,148081,148095,148099,148119,148133,148135,148228,148230,148244,148246,148249,148338,148340,148348,148357,148359,148363,148384,148386,148478,148480,148501,148503,148507,148521,148523,148597,148599,148618,148622,148625,148648,148650,148761,148768,148776,148778,148784,148787,148830,148833,148856,148864,148868,148943,148949,148974,148981,148984,148987,148991,148996,149084,149092,149096,149099,149124,149128,149189,149193,149242,149252,149254,149259,149262,149268,149271,149275,149279,149285,149288,149296,149304,149306,149336],[10,147972,147974,147975,11651],{"id":147973},"python-tuple-count-method","Python Tuple ",[15,147976,57614],{},[24,147978,147979,147982],{},[15,147980,147981],{},"tuple.count()"," tells you how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[24,147984,147985],{},"Use it when you want to count matching values in a tuple without changing the tuple itself. This is helpful when checking for duplicates, repeated labels, or whether a value appears more than once.",[85,147987,147989],{"className":87,"code":147988,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3, 2)\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,147990,147991,148019,148037],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,147992,147993,147995,147997,147999,148001,148003,148005,148007,148009,148011,148013,148015,148017],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,147994,101],{"class":100},[94,147996,105],{"class":104},[94,147998,854],{"class":108},[94,148000,412],{"class":112},[94,148002,116],{"class":108},[94,148004,124],{"class":112},[94,148006,116],{"class":108},[94,148008,124],{"class":112},[94,148010,116],{"class":108},[94,148012,421],{"class":112},[94,148014,116],{"class":108},[94,148016,124],{"class":112},[94,148018,316],{"class":108},[94,148020,148021,148023,148025,148027,148029,148031,148033,148035],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,148022,305],{"class":100},[94,148024,105],{"class":104},[94,148026,343],{"class":100},[94,148028,168],{"class":108},[94,148030,41590],{"class":152},[94,148032,149],{"class":108},[94,148034,763],{"class":112},[94,148036,316],{"class":108},[94,148038,148039,148041,148043,148045,148047],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,148040,326],{"class":145},[94,148042,149],{"class":108},[94,148044,902],{"class":152},[94,148046,156],{"class":108},[94,148048,51101],{"class":159},[24,148050,54,148051,148054],{},[15,148052,148053],{},"tuple.count(value)"," to count how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[80,148056,215,148058,218],{"id":148057},"what-tuplecount-does",[15,148059,147981],{},[24,148061,148062,384],{},[15,148063,148053],{},[28,148065,148066,148072,148075,148078],{},[31,148067,148068,148069,148071],{},"Returns the number of times ",[15,148070,2829],{}," appears in the tuple",[31,148073,148074],{},"Checks the whole tuple",[31,148076,148077],{},"Returns an integer",[31,148079,148080],{},"Does not change the tuple",[24,148082,148083,148084,148086,148087,2167,148091,168],{},"Because tuples are read-only, methods like ",[15,148085,57614],{}," only inspect the data. If you are new to tuples, see ",[434,148088,148090],{"href":148089},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained\u002F","Python tuples explained",[434,148092,148094],{"href":148093},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple\u002F","creating a tuple",[80,148096,148098],{"id":148097},"method-syntax","Method syntax",[85,148100,148102],{"className":87,"code":148101,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"my_tuple.count(value)\n",[15,148103,148104],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,148105,148106,148109,148111,148113,148115,148117],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,148107,148108],{"class":100},"my_tuple",[94,148110,168],{"class":108},[94,148112,41590],{"class":152},[94,148114,149],{"class":108},[94,148116,2829],{"class":152},[94,148118,316],{"class":108},[28,148120,148121,148125,148128],{},[31,148122,148123,57779],{},[15,148124,2829],{},[31,148126,148127],{},"The comparison is based on equality",[31,148129,148130,148131],{},"If the value is not found, the result is ",[15,148132,2476],{},[265,148134,103408],{"id":103407},[85,148136,148138],{"className":87,"code":148137,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\"))  # 0\n",[15,148139,148140,148180,148204],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,148141,148142,148144,148146,148148,148150,148152,148154,148156,148158,148160,148162,148164,148166,148168,148170,148172,148174,148176,148178],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,148143,13402],{"class":100},[94,148145,105],{"class":104},[94,148147,854],{"class":108},[94,148149,332],{"class":331},[94,148151,13419],{"class":335},[94,148153,332],{"class":331},[94,148155,116],{"class":108},[94,148157,1040],{"class":331},[94,148159,13436],{"class":335},[94,148161,332],{"class":331},[94,148163,116],{"class":108},[94,148165,1040],{"class":331},[94,148167,13419],{"class":335},[94,148169,332],{"class":331},[94,148171,116],{"class":108},[94,148173,1040],{"class":331},[94,148175,17785],{"class":335},[94,148177,332],{"class":331},[94,148179,316],{"class":108},[94,148181,148182,148184,148186,148188,148190,148192,148194,148196,148198,148200,148202],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,148183,326],{"class":145},[94,148185,149],{"class":108},[94,148187,17832],{"class":152},[94,148189,168],{"class":108},[94,148191,41590],{"class":152},[94,148193,149],{"class":108},[94,148195,332],{"class":331},[94,148197,13419],{"class":335},[94,148199,332],{"class":331},[94,148201,5693],{"class":108},[94,148203,57969],{"class":159},[94,148205,148206,148208,148210,148212,148214,148216,148218,148220,148222,148224,148226],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,148207,326],{"class":145},[94,148209,149],{"class":108},[94,148211,17832],{"class":152},[94,148213,168],{"class":108},[94,148215,41590],{"class":152},[94,148217,149],{"class":108},[94,148219,332],{"class":331},[94,148221,22855],{"class":335},[94,148223,332],{"class":331},[94,148225,5693],{"class":108},[94,148227,51576],{"class":159},[24,148229,20288],{},[28,148231,148232,148237],{},[31,148233,148234,148236],{},[15,148235,65716],{}," appears 2 times",[31,148238,148239,148241,148242],{},[15,148240,110104],{}," does not appear, so the result is ",[15,148243,2476],{},[80,148245,11805],{"id":11804},[24,148247,148248],{},"Here is a basic example with repeated values:",[85,148250,148252],{"className":87,"code":148251,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\", \"apple\")\n\nresult = fruits.count(\"apple\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,148253,148254,148302,148306,148328],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,148255,148256,148258,148260,148262,148264,148266,148268,148270,148272,148274,148276,148278,148280,148282,148284,148286,148288,148290,148292,148294,148296,148298,148300],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,148257,36567],{"class":100},[94,148259,105],{"class":104},[94,148261,854],{"class":108},[94,148263,332],{"class":331},[94,148265,1332],{"class":335},[94,148267,332],{"class":331},[94,148269,116],{"class":108},[94,148271,1040],{"class":331},[94,148273,4432],{"class":335},[94,148275,332],{"class":331},[94,148277,116],{"class":108},[94,148279,1040],{"class":331},[94,148281,1332],{"class":335},[94,148283,332],{"class":331},[94,148285,116],{"class":108},[94,148287,1040],{"class":331},[94,148289,33552],{"class":335},[94,148291,332],{"class":331},[94,148293,116],{"class":108},[94,148295,1040],{"class":331},[94,148297,1332],{"class":335},[94,148299,332],{"class":331},[94,148301,316],{"class":108},[94,148303,148304],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,148305,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,148307,148308,148310,148312,148314,148316,148318,148320,148322,148324,148326],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,148309,305],{"class":100},[94,148311,105],{"class":104},[94,148313,53180],{"class":100},[94,148315,168],{"class":108},[94,148317,41590],{"class":152},[94,148319,149],{"class":108},[94,148321,332],{"class":331},[94,148323,1332],{"class":335},[94,148325,332],{"class":331},[94,148327,316],{"class":108},[94,148329,148330,148332,148334,148336],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,148331,326],{"class":145},[94,148333,149],{"class":108},[94,148335,902],{"class":152},[94,148337,316],{"class":108},[24,148339,371],{},[85,148341,148342],{"className":87,"code":46948,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,148343,148344],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,148345,148346],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,148347,46948],{"class":112},[24,148349,148350,148352,148353,74,148355,168],{},[15,148351,58157],{}," appears 3 times in the tuple, so ",[15,148354,57614],{},[15,148356,113],{},[80,148358,38350],{"id":38349},[24,148360,57868,148361,128844],{},[15,148362,57614],{},[28,148364,148365,148370,148375,148378],{},[31,148366,11753,148367,148369],{},[15,148368,2476],{}," when the value does not exist",[31,148371,11753,148372,148374],{},[15,148373,412],{}," when the value appears once",[31,148376,148377],{},"Returns a larger number when the value appears multiple times",[31,148379,148380,148381,148383],{},"The result can be used in ",[15,148382,7330],{}," statements and other conditions",[24,148385,2566],{},[85,148387,148389],{"className":87,"code":148388,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"answers = (\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\")\n\nif answers.count(\"yes\") > 1:\n    print(\"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\")\n",[15,148390,148391,148432,148436,148463],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,148392,148393,148396,148398,148400,148402,148404,148406,148408,148410,148412,148414,148416,148418,148420,148422,148424,148426,148428,148430],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,148394,148395],{"class":100},"answers ",[94,148397,105],{"class":104},[94,148399,854],{"class":108},[94,148401,332],{"class":331},[94,148403,8990],{"class":335},[94,148405,332],{"class":331},[94,148407,116],{"class":108},[94,148409,1040],{"class":331},[94,148411,8931],{"class":335},[94,148413,332],{"class":331},[94,148415,116],{"class":108},[94,148417,1040],{"class":331},[94,148419,8990],{"class":335},[94,148421,332],{"class":331},[94,148423,116],{"class":108},[94,148425,1040],{"class":331},[94,148427,8990],{"class":335},[94,148429,332],{"class":331},[94,148431,316],{"class":108},[94,148433,148434],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,148435,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,148437,148438,148440,148443,148445,148447,148449,148451,148453,148455,148457,148459,148461],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,148439,7330],{"class":4221},[94,148441,148442],{"class":100}," answers",[94,148444,168],{"class":108},[94,148446,41590],{"class":152},[94,148448,149],{"class":108},[94,148450,332],{"class":331},[94,148452,8990],{"class":335},[94,148454,332],{"class":331},[94,148456,156],{"class":108},[94,148458,38726],{"class":104},[94,148460,119],{"class":112},[94,148462,6726],{"class":108},[94,148464,148465,148467,148469,148471,148474,148476],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,148466,8404],{"class":145},[94,148468,149],{"class":108},[94,148470,332],{"class":331},[94,148472,148473],{"class":335},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.",[94,148475,332],{"class":331},[94,148477,316],{"class":108},[24,148479,371],{},[85,148481,148483],{"className":87,"code":148482,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\n",[15,148484,148485],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,148486,148487,148490,148492,148494,148496,148499],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,148488,148489],{"class":100},"The answer ",[94,148491,968],{"class":331},[94,148493,8990],{"class":335},[94,148495,968],{"class":331},[94,148497,148498],{"class":100}," appears more than once",[94,148500,122488],{"class":108},[80,148502,41376],{"id":41375},[24,148504,35733,148505,104871],{},[15,148506,147981],{},[28,148508,148509,148512,148515,148518],{},[31,148510,148511],{},"Check whether a value appears in a tuple more than once",[31,148513,148514],{},"Count repeated answers or labels",[31,148516,148517],{},"Verify duplicates in small fixed collections",[31,148519,148520],{},"Make decisions based on how many matches were found",[24,148522,2566],{},[85,148524,148526],{"className":87,"code":148525,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"scores = (10, 20, 10, 30, 10)\n\nif scores.count(10) >= 2:\n    print(\"The score 10 is repeated.\")\n",[15,148527,148528,148556,148560,148582],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,148529,148530,148532,148534,148536,148538,148540,148542,148544,148546,148548,148550,148552,148554],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,148531,5401],{"class":100},[94,148533,105],{"class":104},[94,148535,854],{"class":108},[94,148537,2688],{"class":112},[94,148539,116],{"class":108},[94,148541,8124],{"class":112},[94,148543,116],{"class":108},[94,148545,6336],{"class":112},[94,148547,116],{"class":108},[94,148549,8129],{"class":112},[94,148551,116],{"class":108},[94,148553,6336],{"class":112},[94,148555,316],{"class":108},[94,148557,148558],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,148559,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,148561,148562,148564,148566,148568,148570,148572,148574,148576,148578,148580],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,148563,7330],{"class":4221},[94,148565,5448],{"class":100},[94,148567,168],{"class":108},[94,148569,41590],{"class":152},[94,148571,149],{"class":108},[94,148573,2688],{"class":112},[94,148575,156],{"class":108},[94,148577,51617],{"class":104},[94,148579,124],{"class":112},[94,148581,6726],{"class":108},[94,148583,148584,148586,148588,148590,148593,148595],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,148585,8404],{"class":145},[94,148587,149],{"class":108},[94,148589,332],{"class":331},[94,148591,148592],{"class":335},"The score 10 is repeated.",[94,148594,332],{"class":331},[94,148596,316],{"class":108},[24,148598,371],{},[85,148600,148602],{"className":87,"code":148601,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"The score 10 is repeated.\n",[15,148603,148604],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,148605,148606,148609,148611,148613,148616],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,148607,148608],{"class":100},"The score ",[94,148610,2688],{"class":112},[94,148612,8431],{"class":104},[94,148614,148615],{"class":100}," repeated",[94,148617,122488],{"class":108},[80,148619,148621],{"id":148620},"things-beginners-should-know","Things beginners should know",[24,148623,148624],{},"There are a few important details to remember:",[28,148626,148627,148633,148638,148641],{},[31,148628,148629,148630,148632],{},"Tuples are immutable, but ",[15,148631,57614],{}," still works because it only reads data",[31,148634,148635,148637],{},[15,148636,57614],{}," counts exact matches",[31,148639,148640],{},"String matching is case-sensitive",[31,148642,148643,1139,148645,148647],{},[15,148644,412],{},[15,148646,42488],{}," compare as equal in Python",[24,148649,2566],{},[85,148651,148653],{"className":87,"code":148652,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"values = (1, 1.0, \"Cat\", \"cat\")\n\nprint(values.count(1))      # 2\nprint(values.count(\"Cat\"))  # 1\nprint(values.count(\"cat\"))  # 1\n",[15,148654,148655,148689,148693,148713,148737],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,148656,148657,148659,148661,148663,148665,148667,148670,148672,148674,148677,148679,148681,148683,148685,148687],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,148658,4167],{"class":100},[94,148660,105],{"class":104},[94,148662,854],{"class":108},[94,148664,412],{"class":112},[94,148666,116],{"class":108},[94,148668,148669],{"class":112}," 1.0",[94,148671,116],{"class":108},[94,148673,1040],{"class":331},[94,148675,148676],{"class":335},"Cat",[94,148678,332],{"class":331},[94,148680,116],{"class":108},[94,148682,1040],{"class":331},[94,148684,37376],{"class":335},[94,148686,332],{"class":331},[94,148688,316],{"class":108},[94,148690,148691],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,148692,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,148694,148695,148697,148699,148701,148703,148705,148707,148709,148711],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,148696,326],{"class":145},[94,148698,149],{"class":108},[94,148700,5690],{"class":152},[94,148702,168],{"class":108},[94,148704,41590],{"class":152},[94,148706,149],{"class":108},[94,148708,412],{"class":112},[94,148710,5693],{"class":108},[94,148712,51424],{"class":159},[94,148714,148715,148717,148719,148721,148723,148725,148727,148729,148731,148733,148735],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,148716,326],{"class":145},[94,148718,149],{"class":108},[94,148720,5690],{"class":152},[94,148722,168],{"class":108},[94,148724,41590],{"class":152},[94,148726,149],{"class":108},[94,148728,332],{"class":331},[94,148730,148676],{"class":335},[94,148732,332],{"class":331},[94,148734,5693],{"class":108},[94,148736,28111],{"class":159},[94,148738,148739,148741,148743,148745,148747,148749,148751,148753,148755,148757,148759],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,148740,326],{"class":145},[94,148742,149],{"class":108},[94,148744,5690],{"class":152},[94,148746,168],{"class":108},[94,148748,41590],{"class":152},[94,148750,149],{"class":108},[94,148752,332],{"class":331},[94,148754,37376],{"class":335},[94,148756,332],{"class":331},[94,148758,5693],{"class":108},[94,148760,28111],{"class":159},[24,148762,2179,148763,2182,148766,2170],{},[15,148764,148765],{},"values.count(1)",[15,148767,763],{},[24,148769,9118,148770,5126,148773,148775],{},[15,148771,148772],{},"1 == 1.0",[15,148774,1225],{},", so both values are counted as matches.",[80,148777,3186],{"id":3185},[265,148779,1484,148781,148783],{"id":148780},"using-count-without-parentheses",[15,148782,41590],{}," without parentheses",[24,148785,148786],{},"This gives you the method itself, not the result.",[85,148788,148790],{"className":87,"code":148789,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers.count)\n",[15,148791,148792,148816],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,148793,148794,148796,148798,148800,148802,148804,148806,148808,148810,148812,148814],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,148795,101],{"class":100},[94,148797,105],{"class":104},[94,148799,854],{"class":108},[94,148801,412],{"class":112},[94,148803,116],{"class":108},[94,148805,124],{"class":112},[94,148807,116],{"class":108},[94,148809,124],{"class":112},[94,148811,116],{"class":108},[94,148813,421],{"class":112},[94,148815,316],{"class":108},[94,148817,148818,148820,148822,148824,148826,148828],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,148819,326],{"class":145},[94,148821,149],{"class":108},[94,148823,153],{"class":152},[94,148825,168],{"class":108},[94,148827,41590],{"class":1377},[94,148829,316],{"class":108},[24,148831,148832],{},"To call the method correctly:",[85,148834,148836],{"className":87,"code":148835,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(numbers.count(2))\n",[15,148837,148838],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,148839,148840,148842,148844,148846,148848,148850,148852,148854],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,148841,326],{"class":145},[94,148843,149],{"class":108},[94,148845,153],{"class":152},[94,148847,168],{"class":108},[94,148849,41590],{"class":152},[94,148851,149],{"class":108},[94,148853,763],{"class":112},[94,148855,921],{"class":108},[265,148857,8786,148858,8789,148860,2167,148862],{"id":58917},[15,148859,57614],{},[15,148861,1225],{},[15,148863,4020],{},[24,148865,148866,58928],{},[15,148867,57614],{},[85,148869,148871],{"className":87,"code":148870,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"a\")\nresult = letters.count(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 2\n",[15,148872,148873,148905,148927,148931],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,148874,148875,148877,148879,148881,148883,148885,148887,148889,148891,148893,148895,148897,148899,148901,148903],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,148876,36418],{"class":100},[94,148878,105],{"class":104},[94,148880,854],{"class":108},[94,148882,332],{"class":331},[94,148884,434],{"class":335},[94,148886,332],{"class":331},[94,148888,116],{"class":108},[94,148890,1040],{"class":331},[94,148892,1937],{"class":335},[94,148894,332],{"class":331},[94,148896,116],{"class":108},[94,148898,1040],{"class":331},[94,148900,434],{"class":335},[94,148902,332],{"class":331},[94,148904,316],{"class":108},[94,148906,148907,148909,148911,148913,148915,148917,148919,148921,148923,148925],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,148908,305],{"class":100},[94,148910,105],{"class":104},[94,148912,70420],{"class":100},[94,148914,168],{"class":108},[94,148916,41590],{"class":152},[94,148918,149],{"class":108},[94,148920,332],{"class":331},[94,148922,434],{"class":335},[94,148924,332],{"class":331},[94,148926,316],{"class":108},[94,148928,148929],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,148930,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,148932,148933,148935,148937,148939,148941],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,148934,326],{"class":145},[94,148936,149],{"class":108},[94,148938,902],{"class":152},[94,148940,156],{"class":108},[94,148942,51744],{"class":159},[24,148944,148945,148946,148948],{},"If you only want to check whether a value exists, using ",[15,148947,4228],{}," is often simpler:",[85,148950,148952],{"className":87,"code":148951,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(\"a\" in letters)  # True\n",[15,148953,148954],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,148955,148956,148958,148960,148962,148964,148966,148968,148970,148972],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,148957,326],{"class":145},[94,148959,149],{"class":108},[94,148961,332],{"class":331},[94,148963,434],{"class":335},[94,148965,332],{"class":331},[94,148967,21505],{"class":4221},[94,148969,70420],{"class":152},[94,148971,156],{"class":108},[94,148973,4010],{"class":159},[265,148975,37533,148977,9037,148979],{"id":148976},"confusing-tuplecount-with-listcount",[15,148978,147981],{},[15,148980,57619],{},[24,148982,148983],{},"Both methods work in a similar way, but one is for tuples and one is for lists. A tuple cannot be changed, while a list can.",[24,148985,148986],{},"If you need a changeable collection, use a list instead.",[265,148988,148990],{"id":148989},"expecting-partial-string-matches","Expecting partial string matches",[24,148992,148993,148995],{},[15,148994,57614],{}," looks for exact tuple items, not part of a string.",[85,148997,148999],{"className":87,"code":148998,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"words = (\"apple\", \"pineapple\", \"apple\")\nprint(words.count(\"app\"))    # 0\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\n",[15,149000,149001,149034,149060],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,149002,149003,149005,149007,149009,149011,149013,149015,149017,149019,149022,149024,149026,149028,149030,149032],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,149004,1314],{"class":100},[94,149006,105],{"class":104},[94,149008,854],{"class":108},[94,149010,332],{"class":331},[94,149012,1332],{"class":335},[94,149014,332],{"class":331},[94,149016,116],{"class":108},[94,149018,1040],{"class":331},[94,149020,149021],{"class":335},"pineapple",[94,149023,332],{"class":331},[94,149025,116],{"class":108},[94,149027,1040],{"class":331},[94,149029,1332],{"class":335},[94,149031,332],{"class":331},[94,149033,316],{"class":108},[94,149035,149036,149038,149040,149042,149044,149046,149048,149050,149053,149055,149057],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,149037,326],{"class":145},[94,149039,149],{"class":108},[94,149041,1362],{"class":152},[94,149043,168],{"class":108},[94,149045,41590],{"class":152},[94,149047,149],{"class":108},[94,149049,332],{"class":331},[94,149051,149052],{"class":335},"app",[94,149054,332],{"class":331},[94,149056,5693],{"class":108},[94,149058,149059],{"class":159},"    # 0\n",[94,149061,149062,149064,149066,149068,149070,149072,149074,149076,149078,149080,149082],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,149063,326],{"class":145},[94,149065,149],{"class":108},[94,149067,1362],{"class":152},[94,149069,168],{"class":108},[94,149071,41590],{"class":152},[94,149073,149],{"class":108},[94,149075,332],{"class":331},[94,149077,1332],{"class":335},[94,149079,332],{"class":331},[94,149081,5693],{"class":108},[94,149083,51744],{"class":159},[24,149085,149086,149089,149090,168],{},[15,149087,149088],{},"\"app\""," is not an exact item in the tuple, so the result is ",[15,149091,2476],{},[80,149093,149095],{"id":149094},"when-to-use-something-else","When to use something else",[24,149097,149098],{},"Sometimes another tool is a better fit:",[28,149100,149101,149106,149115,149121],{},[31,149102,54,149103,149105],{},[15,149104,4228],{}," to check only whether a value exists",[31,149107,54,149108,149114],{},[434,149109,149111,149112],{"href":149110},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method\u002F","tuple ",[15,149113,59292],{}," to find the position of a value",[31,149116,54,149117,149120],{},[15,149118,149119],{},"collections.Counter"," when you want to count many different values",[31,149122,149123],{},"Use a list if you need a changeable collection",[24,149125,46372,149126,384],{},[15,149127,4228],{},[85,149129,149131],{"className":87,"code":149130,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = (4, 7, 9)\n\nprint(7 in numbers)   # True\nprint(5 in numbers)   # False\n",[15,149132,149133,149153,149157,149173],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,149134,149135,149137,149139,149141,149143,149145,149147,149149,149151],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,149136,101],{"class":100},[94,149138,105],{"class":104},[94,149140,854],{"class":108},[94,149142,857],{"class":112},[94,149144,116],{"class":108},[94,149146,6325],{"class":112},[94,149148,116],{"class":108},[94,149150,54464],{"class":112},[94,149152,316],{"class":108},[94,149154,149155],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,149156,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,149158,149159,149161,149163,149165,149167,149169,149171],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,149160,326],{"class":145},[94,149162,149],{"class":108},[94,149164,2383],{"class":112},[94,149166,21505],{"class":4221},[94,149168,343],{"class":152},[94,149170,156],{"class":108},[94,149172,44186],{"class":159},[94,149174,149175,149177,149179,149181,149183,149185,149187],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,149176,326],{"class":145},[94,149178,149],{"class":108},[94,149180,615],{"class":112},[94,149182,21505],{"class":4221},[94,149184,343],{"class":152},[94,149186,156],{"class":108},[94,149188,44203],{"class":159},[24,149190,46372,149191,384],{},[15,149192,59292],{},[85,149194,149196],{"className":87,"code":149195,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = (4, 7, 9, 7)\nprint(numbers.index(7))  # 1\n",[15,149197,149198,149222],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,149199,149200,149202,149204,149206,149208,149210,149212,149214,149216,149218,149220],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,149201,101],{"class":100},[94,149203,105],{"class":104},[94,149205,854],{"class":108},[94,149207,857],{"class":112},[94,149209,116],{"class":108},[94,149211,6325],{"class":112},[94,149213,116],{"class":108},[94,149215,54464],{"class":112},[94,149217,116],{"class":108},[94,149219,6325],{"class":112},[94,149221,316],{"class":108},[94,149223,149224,149226,149228,149230,149232,149234,149236,149238,149240],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,149225,326],{"class":145},[94,149227,149],{"class":108},[94,149229,153],{"class":152},[94,149231,168],{"class":108},[94,149233,36174],{"class":152},[94,149235,149],{"class":108},[94,149237,2383],{"class":112},[94,149239,5693],{"class":108},[94,149241,28111],{"class":159},[24,149243,149244,149246,149247,149249,149251],{},[15,149245,57614],{}," tells you how many times a value appears.",[10178,149248],{},[15,149250,59292],{}," tells you where the first match appears.",[80,149253,2160],{"id":2159},[265,149255,5479,149257,5482],{"id":149256},"what-does-tuplecount-return-in-python",[15,149258,147981],{},[24,149260,149261],{},"It returns an integer showing how many times the given value appears in the tuple.",[265,149263,13029,149265,149267],{"id":149264},"does-tuplecount-change-the-tuple",[15,149266,147981],{}," change the tuple?",[24,149269,149270],{},"No. It only reads the tuple and returns a count.",[265,149272,149274],{"id":149273},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-tuple","What happens if the value is not in the tuple?",[24,149276,12238,149277,168],{},[15,149278,2476],{},[265,149280,2191,149282,149284],{"id":149281},"can-tuplecount-count-strings",[15,149283,147981],{}," count strings?",[24,149286,149287],{},"Yes. It can count strings, numbers, booleans, and other values stored in the tuple.",[265,149289,5514,149291,1139,149293,2170],{"id":149290},"what-is-the-difference-between-tuplecount-and-tupleindex",[15,149292,147981],{},[15,149294,149295],{},"tuple.index()",[24,149297,149298,149300,149301,149303],{},[15,149299,57614],{}," returns how many times a value appears. ",[15,149302,59292],{}," returns the position of the first match.",[80,149305,2232],{"id":2231},[28,149307,149308,149312,149317,149324,149332],{},[31,149309,149310],{},[434,149311,148090],{"href":148089},[31,149313,149314],{},[434,149315,149316],{"href":148093},"Python tuple creating a tuple",[31,149318,149319],{},[434,149320,149321,149322,567],{"href":149110},"Python tuple ",[15,149323,59292],{},[31,149325,149326],{},[434,149327,149329,149330],{"href":149328},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len\u002F","Python tuple length with ",[15,149331,42691],{},[31,149333,149334],{},[434,149335,59280],{"href":59279},[2260,149337,149338],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":90,"searchDepth":130,"depth":130,"links":149340},[149341,149343,149346,149347,149348,149349,149350,149358,149359,149370],{"id":148057,"depth":130,"text":149342},"What tuple.count() does",{"id":148097,"depth":130,"text":148098,"children":149344},[149345],{"id":103407,"depth":137,"text":103408},{"id":11804,"depth":130,"text":11805},{"id":38349,"depth":130,"text":38350},{"id":41375,"depth":130,"text":41376},{"id":148620,"depth":130,"text":148621},{"id":3185,"depth":130,"text":3186,"children":149351},[149352,149354,149355,149357],{"id":148780,"depth":137,"text":149353},"Using count without parentheses",{"id":58917,"depth":137,"text":59333},{"id":148976,"depth":137,"text":149356},"Confusing tuple.count() with list.count()",{"id":148989,"depth":137,"text":148990},{"id":149094,"depth":130,"text":149095},{"id":2159,"depth":130,"text":2160,"children":149360},[149361,149363,149365,149366,149368],{"id":149256,"depth":137,"text":149362},"What does tuple.count() return in Python?",{"id":149264,"depth":137,"text":149364},"Does tuple.count() change the tuple?",{"id":149273,"depth":137,"text":149274},{"id":149281,"depth":137,"text":149367},"Can tuple.count() count strings?",{"id":149290,"depth":137,"text":149369},"What is the difference between tuple.count() and tuple.index()?",{"id":2231,"depth":130,"text":2232},"Master python tuple count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method",{"title":147968,"description":149371},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method","kaAqrDbPTszVe1OqbZgoePawtZs2amhp3rmhBeJurOY",{"id":149378,"title":149379,"body":149380,"description":151067,"extension":2319,"meta":151068,"navigation":133,"path":151069,"seo":151070,"stem":151071,"__hash__":151072},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple.md","Python Tuple: Creating a Tuple",{"type":7,"value":149381,"toc":151030},[149382,149385,149388,149397,149399,149529,149531,149592,149598,149600,149620,149624,149627,149630,149665,149667,149688,149691,149730,149732,149757,149764,149768,149771,149808,149810,149833,149836,149839,149851,149857,149861,149864,149870,149911,149913,149936,149939,149980,149982,150009,150011,150028,150030,150047,150050,150054,150057,150059,150093,150095,150142,150146,150185,150189,150192,150249,150251,150292,150298,150304,150309,150311,150348,150350,150370,150372,150405,150407,150440,150443,150447,150480,150482,150507,150510,150512,150526,150533,150535,150538,150542,150545,150580,150583,150618,150622,150625,150664,150667,150706,150710,150712,150742,150745,150752,150754,150786,150789,150821,150824,150855,150857,150874,150878,150881,150945,150947,150951,150958,150962,150965,150969,150972,150976,150979,150984,150990,150992,151027],[10,149383,149379],{"id":149384},"python-tuple-creating-a-tuple",[24,149386,149387],{},"A tuple is a simple way to store multiple values in one object. This page shows how to create tuples in Python, including empty tuples, one-item tuples, and tuples made from other iterable values.",[24,149389,149390,149391,2167,149395,168],{},"The focus here is only on tuple creation syntax. If you want a general introduction, see ",[434,149392,149394],{"href":149393},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python\u002F","what is a tuple in Python",[434,149396,148090],{"href":148089},[80,149398,2361],{"id":2360},[85,149400,149402],{"className":87,"code":149401,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nempty = ()\none_item = (5,)\nfrom_list = tuple([\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"])\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(empty)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(from_list)\n",[15,149403,149404,149424,149433,149447,149483,149487,149497,149507,149518],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,149405,149406,149408,149410,149412,149414,149416,149418,149420,149422],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,149407,101],{"class":100},[94,149409,105],{"class":104},[94,149411,854],{"class":108},[94,149413,412],{"class":112},[94,149415,116],{"class":108},[94,149417,124],{"class":112},[94,149419,116],{"class":108},[94,149421,421],{"class":112},[94,149423,316],{"class":108},[94,149425,149426,149428,149430],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,149427,124954],{"class":100},[94,149429,105],{"class":104},[94,149431,149432],{"class":108}," ()\n",[94,149434,149435,149438,149440,149442,149444],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,149436,149437],{"class":100},"one_item ",[94,149439,105],{"class":104},[94,149441,854],{"class":108},[94,149443,615],{"class":112},[94,149445,149446],{"class":108},",)\n",[94,149448,149449,149452,149454,149457,149459,149461,149463,149465,149467,149469,149471,149473,149475,149477,149479,149481],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,149450,149451],{"class":100},"from_list ",[94,149453,105],{"class":104},[94,149455,149456],{"class":913}," tuple",[94,149458,3342],{"class":108},[94,149460,332],{"class":331},[94,149462,434],{"class":335},[94,149464,332],{"class":331},[94,149466,116],{"class":108},[94,149468,1040],{"class":331},[94,149470,1937],{"class":335},[94,149472,332],{"class":331},[94,149474,116],{"class":108},[94,149476,1040],{"class":331},[94,149478,1946],{"class":335},[94,149480,332],{"class":331},[94,149482,4234],{"class":108},[94,149484,149485],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,149486,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,149488,149489,149491,149493,149495],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,149490,326],{"class":145},[94,149492,149],{"class":108},[94,149494,153],{"class":152},[94,149496,316],{"class":108},[94,149498,149499,149501,149503,149505],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,149500,326],{"class":145},[94,149502,149],{"class":108},[94,149504,125005],{"class":152},[94,149506,316],{"class":108},[94,149508,149509,149511,149513,149516],{"class":96,"line":702},[94,149510,326],{"class":145},[94,149512,149],{"class":108},[94,149514,149515],{"class":152},"one_item",[94,149517,316],{"class":108},[94,149519,149520,149522,149524,149527],{"class":96,"line":6763},[94,149521,326],{"class":145},[94,149523,149],{"class":108},[94,149525,149526],{"class":152},"from_list",[94,149528,316],{"class":108},[24,149530,371],{},[85,149532,149534],{"className":87,"code":149533,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"(1, 2, 3)\n()\n(5,)\n('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,149535,149536,149552,149556,149564],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,149537,149538,149540,149542,149544,149546,149548,149550],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,149539,149],{"class":108},[94,149541,412],{"class":112},[94,149543,116],{"class":108},[94,149545,124],{"class":112},[94,149547,116],{"class":108},[94,149549,421],{"class":112},[94,149551,316],{"class":108},[94,149553,149554],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,149555,511],{"class":108},[94,149557,149558,149560,149562],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,149559,149],{"class":108},[94,149561,615],{"class":112},[94,149563,149446],{"class":108},[94,149565,149566,149568,149570,149572,149574,149576,149578,149580,149582,149584,149586,149588,149590],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,149567,149],{"class":108},[94,149569,968],{"class":331},[94,149571,434],{"class":335},[94,149573,968],{"class":331},[94,149575,116],{"class":108},[94,149577,962],{"class":331},[94,149579,1937],{"class":335},[94,149581,968],{"class":331},[94,149583,116],{"class":108},[94,149585,962],{"class":331},[94,149587,1946],{"class":335},[94,149589,968],{"class":331},[94,149591,316],{"class":108},[24,149593,149594,149595,168],{},"Use parentheses for most tuples. For one item, add a trailing comma: ",[15,149596,149597],{},"(5,)",[80,149599,15490],{"id":15489},[28,149601,149602,149605,149608,149611,149614,149617],{},[31,149603,149604],{},"What a tuple is at a basic level",[31,149606,149607],{},"How to create tuples with literal syntax",[31,149609,149610],{},"How to create an empty tuple",[31,149612,149613],{},"How to create a tuple with one item",[31,149615,149616],{},"How to create a tuple from a list, string, or other iterable",[31,149618,149619],{},"When tuple creation is useful",[80,149621,149623],{"id":149622},"basic-tuple-creation","Basic tuple creation",[24,149625,149626],{},"A tuple is an ordered collection of values.",[24,149628,149629],{},"Tuples are usually written with parentheses, and items are separated by commas.",[85,149631,149633],{"className":87,"code":149632,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,149634,149635,149655],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,149636,149637,149639,149641,149643,149645,149647,149649,149651,149653],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,149638,101],{"class":100},[94,149640,105],{"class":104},[94,149642,854],{"class":108},[94,149644,412],{"class":112},[94,149646,116],{"class":108},[94,149648,124],{"class":112},[94,149650,116],{"class":108},[94,149652,421],{"class":112},[94,149654,316],{"class":108},[94,149656,149657,149659,149661,149663],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,149658,326],{"class":145},[94,149660,149],{"class":108},[94,149662,153],{"class":152},[94,149664,316],{"class":108},[24,149666,371],{},[85,149668,149670],{"className":87,"code":149669,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,149671,149672],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,149673,149674,149676,149678,149680,149682,149684,149686],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,149675,149],{"class":108},[94,149677,412],{"class":112},[94,149679,116],{"class":108},[94,149681,124],{"class":112},[94,149683,116],{"class":108},[94,149685,421],{"class":112},[94,149687,316],{"class":108},[24,149689,149690],{},"A tuple can also store different data types:",[85,149692,149694],{"className":87,"code":149693,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"data = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(data)\n",[15,149695,149696,149720],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,149697,149698,149700,149702,149704,149706,149708,149710,149712,149714,149716,149718],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,149699,9499],{"class":100},[94,149701,105],{"class":104},[94,149703,854],{"class":108},[94,149705,412],{"class":112},[94,149707,116],{"class":108},[94,149709,1040],{"class":331},[94,149711,1332],{"class":335},[94,149713,332],{"class":331},[94,149715,116],{"class":108},[94,149717,4261],{"class":1224},[94,149719,316],{"class":108},[94,149721,149722,149724,149726,149728],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,149723,326],{"class":145},[94,149725,149],{"class":108},[94,149727,9537],{"class":152},[94,149729,316],{"class":108},[24,149731,371],{},[85,149733,149735],{"className":87,"code":149734,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"(1, 'apple', True)\n",[15,149736,149737],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,149738,149739,149741,149743,149745,149747,149749,149751,149753,149755],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,149740,149],{"class":108},[94,149742,412],{"class":112},[94,149744,116],{"class":108},[94,149746,962],{"class":331},[94,149748,1332],{"class":335},[94,149750,968],{"class":331},[94,149752,116],{"class":108},[94,149754,4261],{"class":1224},[94,149756,316],{"class":108},[24,149758,149759,149760,168],{},"If you later want to get values out of a tuple by position, see ",[434,149761,149763],{"href":149762},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained\u002F","Python tuple indexing explained",[80,149765,149767],{"id":149766},"create-an-empty-tuple","Create an empty tuple",[24,149769,149770],{},"Use empty parentheses to create an empty tuple:",[85,149772,149774],{"className":87,"code":149773,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"empty = ()\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,149775,149776,149784,149794],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,149777,149778,149780,149782],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,149779,124954],{"class":100},[94,149781,105],{"class":104},[94,149783,149432],{"class":108},[94,149785,149786,149788,149790,149792],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,149787,326],{"class":145},[94,149789,149],{"class":108},[94,149791,125005],{"class":152},[94,149793,316],{"class":108},[94,149795,149796,149798,149800,149802,149804,149806],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,149797,326],{"class":145},[94,149799,149],{"class":108},[94,149801,914],{"class":913},[94,149803,149],{"class":108},[94,149805,125005],{"class":152},[94,149807,921],{"class":108},[24,149809,371],{},[85,149811,149813],{"className":87,"code":149812,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"()\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,149814,149815,149819],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,149816,149817],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,149818,511],{"class":108},[94,149820,149821,149823,149825,149827,149829,149831],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,149822,955],{"class":104},[94,149824,959],{"class":958},[94,149826,962],{"class":331},[94,149828,49284],{"class":335},[94,149830,968],{"class":331},[94,149832,971],{"class":104},[24,149834,149835],{},"An empty tuple can be useful as a starting value.",[24,149837,149838],{},"It is different from an empty list:",[28,149840,149841,149846],{},[31,149842,149843,149844],{},"Empty tuple: ",[15,149845,174],{},[31,149847,149848,149849],{},"Empty list: ",[15,149850,4131],{},[24,149852,149853,149854,168],{},"If you want to compare tuple and list creation, see ",[434,149855,149856],{"href":57477},"Python list: creating a list",[80,149858,149860],{"id":149859},"create-a-tuple-with-one-item","Create a tuple with one item",[24,149862,149863],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake.",[24,149865,149866,149867,149869],{},"A single value inside parentheses is ",[43,149868,45],{}," automatically a tuple:",[85,149871,149873],{"className":87,"code":149872,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"value = (5)\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,149874,149875,149887,149897],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,149876,149877,149879,149881,149883,149885],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,149878,2804],{"class":100},[94,149880,105],{"class":104},[94,149882,854],{"class":108},[94,149884,615],{"class":112},[94,149886,316],{"class":108},[94,149888,149889,149891,149893,149895],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,149890,326],{"class":145},[94,149892,149],{"class":108},[94,149894,2829],{"class":152},[94,149896,316],{"class":108},[94,149898,149899,149901,149903,149905,149907,149909],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,149900,326],{"class":145},[94,149902,149],{"class":108},[94,149904,914],{"class":913},[94,149906,149],{"class":108},[94,149908,2829],{"class":152},[94,149910,921],{"class":108},[24,149912,371],{},[85,149914,149916],{"className":87,"code":149915,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"5\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,149917,149918,149922],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,149919,149920],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,149921,3303],{"class":112},[94,149923,149924,149926,149928,149930,149932,149934],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,149925,955],{"class":104},[94,149927,959],{"class":958},[94,149929,962],{"class":331},[94,149931,2546],{"class":335},[94,149933,968],{"class":331},[94,149935,971],{"class":104},[24,149937,149938],{},"To create a tuple with one item, you must add a trailing comma:",[85,149940,149942],{"className":87,"code":149941,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"one_item = (5,)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(type(one_item))\n",[15,149943,149944,149956,149966],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,149945,149946,149948,149950,149952,149954],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,149947,149437],{"class":100},[94,149949,105],{"class":104},[94,149951,854],{"class":108},[94,149953,615],{"class":112},[94,149955,149446],{"class":108},[94,149957,149958,149960,149962,149964],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,149959,326],{"class":145},[94,149961,149],{"class":108},[94,149963,149515],{"class":152},[94,149965,316],{"class":108},[94,149967,149968,149970,149972,149974,149976,149978],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,149969,326],{"class":145},[94,149971,149],{"class":108},[94,149973,914],{"class":913},[94,149975,149],{"class":108},[94,149977,149515],{"class":152},[94,149979,921],{"class":108},[24,149981,371],{},[85,149983,149985],{"className":87,"code":149984,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"(5,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,149986,149987,149995],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,149988,149989,149991,149993],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,149990,149],{"class":108},[94,149992,615],{"class":112},[94,149994,149446],{"class":108},[94,149996,149997,149999,150001,150003,150005,150007],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,149998,955],{"class":104},[94,150000,959],{"class":958},[94,150002,962],{"class":331},[94,150004,49284],{"class":335},[94,150006,968],{"class":331},[94,150008,971],{"class":104},[24,150010,16984],{},[85,150012,150014],{"className":87,"code":150013,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"(\"apple\",)\n",[15,150015,150016],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,150017,150018,150020,150022,150024,150026],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,150019,149],{"class":108},[94,150021,332],{"class":331},[94,150023,1332],{"class":335},[94,150025,332],{"class":331},[94,150027,149446],{"class":108},[24,150029,16972],{},[85,150031,150033],{"className":87,"code":150032,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"(\"apple\")\n",[15,150034,150035],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,150036,150037,150039,150041,150043,150045],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,150038,149],{"class":108},[94,150040,332],{"class":331},[94,150042,1332],{"class":335},[94,150044,332],{"class":331},[94,150046,316],{"class":108},[24,150048,150049],{},"The comma is what makes it a tuple.",[80,150051,150053],{"id":150052},"create-tuples-with-different-value-types","Create tuples with different value types",[24,150055,150056],{},"A tuple can contain many kinds of values.",[265,150058,56786],{"id":153},[85,150060,150061],{"className":87,"code":149632,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,150062,150063,150083],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,150064,150065,150067,150069,150071,150073,150075,150077,150079,150081],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,150066,101],{"class":100},[94,150068,105],{"class":104},[94,150070,854],{"class":108},[94,150072,412],{"class":112},[94,150074,116],{"class":108},[94,150076,124],{"class":112},[94,150078,116],{"class":108},[94,150080,421],{"class":112},[94,150082,316],{"class":108},[94,150084,150085,150087,150089,150091],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,150086,326],{"class":145},[94,150088,149],{"class":108},[94,150090,153],{"class":152},[94,150092,316],{"class":108},[265,150094,56789],{"id":257},[85,150096,150098],{"className":87,"code":150097,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,150099,150100,150132],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,150101,150102,150104,150106,150108,150110,150112,150114,150116,150118,150120,150122,150124,150126,150128,150130],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,150103,13402],{"class":100},[94,150105,105],{"class":104},[94,150107,854],{"class":108},[94,150109,332],{"class":331},[94,150111,13419],{"class":335},[94,150113,332],{"class":331},[94,150115,116],{"class":108},[94,150117,1040],{"class":331},[94,150119,17785],{"class":335},[94,150121,332],{"class":331},[94,150123,116],{"class":108},[94,150125,1040],{"class":331},[94,150127,13436],{"class":335},[94,150129,332],{"class":331},[94,150131,316],{"class":108},[94,150133,150134,150136,150138,150140],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,150135,326],{"class":145},[94,150137,149],{"class":108},[94,150139,17832],{"class":152},[94,150141,316],{"class":108},[265,150143,150145],{"id":150144},"mixed-values","Mixed values",[85,150147,150149],{"className":87,"code":150148,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"mixed = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,150150,150151,150175],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,150152,150153,150155,150157,150159,150161,150163,150165,150167,150169,150171,150173],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,150154,59797],{"class":100},[94,150156,105],{"class":104},[94,150158,854],{"class":108},[94,150160,412],{"class":112},[94,150162,116],{"class":108},[94,150164,1040],{"class":331},[94,150166,1332],{"class":335},[94,150168,332],{"class":331},[94,150170,116],{"class":108},[94,150172,4261],{"class":1224},[94,150174,316],{"class":108},[94,150176,150177,150179,150181,150183],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,150178,326],{"class":145},[94,150180,149],{"class":108},[94,150182,59850],{"class":152},[94,150184,316],{"class":108},[265,150186,150188],{"id":150187},"nested-values","Nested values",[24,150190,150191],{},"You can also put other collections inside a tuple:",[85,150193,150195],{"className":87,"code":150194,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"nested = (1, (\"a\", \"b\"), [10, 20])\nprint(nested)\n",[15,150196,150197,150238],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,150198,150199,150202,150204,150206,150208,150210,150212,150214,150216,150218,150220,150222,150224,150226,150228,150230,150232,150234,150236],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,150200,150201],{"class":100},"nested ",[94,150203,105],{"class":104},[94,150205,854],{"class":108},[94,150207,412],{"class":112},[94,150209,116],{"class":108},[94,150211,854],{"class":108},[94,150213,332],{"class":331},[94,150215,434],{"class":335},[94,150217,332],{"class":331},[94,150219,116],{"class":108},[94,150221,1040],{"class":331},[94,150223,1937],{"class":335},[94,150225,332],{"class":331},[94,150227,9566],{"class":108},[94,150229,109],{"class":108},[94,150231,2688],{"class":112},[94,150233,116],{"class":108},[94,150235,8124],{"class":112},[94,150237,4234],{"class":108},[94,150239,150240,150242,150244,150247],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,150241,326],{"class":145},[94,150243,149],{"class":108},[94,150245,150246],{"class":152},"nested",[94,150248,316],{"class":108},[24,150250,371],{},[85,150252,150254],{"className":87,"code":150253,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"(1, ('a', 'b'), [10, 20])\n",[15,150255,150256],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,150257,150258,150260,150262,150264,150266,150268,150270,150272,150274,150276,150278,150280,150282,150284,150286,150288,150290],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,150259,149],{"class":108},[94,150261,412],{"class":112},[94,150263,116],{"class":108},[94,150265,854],{"class":108},[94,150267,968],{"class":331},[94,150269,434],{"class":335},[94,150271,968],{"class":331},[94,150273,116],{"class":108},[94,150275,962],{"class":331},[94,150277,1937],{"class":335},[94,150279,968],{"class":331},[94,150281,9566],{"class":108},[94,150283,109],{"class":108},[94,150285,2688],{"class":112},[94,150287,116],{"class":108},[94,150289,8124],{"class":112},[94,150291,4234],{"class":108},[80,150293,150295,150296],{"id":150294},"create-a-tuple-with-tuple","Create a tuple with ",[15,150297,38376],{},[24,150299,150300,150301,150303],{},"You can use the built-in ",[15,150302,38376],{}," function to convert another iterable into a tuple.",[24,150305,150306,150307,168],{},"If you want more detail about this function, see ",[434,150308,63542],{"href":63541},[265,150310,105548],{"id":105547},[85,150312,150314],{"className":87,"code":150313,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = tuple([1, 2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,150315,150316,150338],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,150317,150318,150320,150322,150324,150326,150328,150330,150332,150334,150336],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,150319,101],{"class":100},[94,150321,105],{"class":104},[94,150323,149456],{"class":913},[94,150325,3342],{"class":108},[94,150327,412],{"class":112},[94,150329,116],{"class":108},[94,150331,124],{"class":112},[94,150333,116],{"class":108},[94,150335,421],{"class":112},[94,150337,4234],{"class":108},[94,150339,150340,150342,150344,150346],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,150341,326],{"class":145},[94,150343,149],{"class":108},[94,150345,153],{"class":152},[94,150347,316],{"class":108},[24,150349,371],{},[85,150351,150352],{"className":87,"code":149669,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,150353,150354],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,150355,150356,150358,150360,150362,150364,150366,150368],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,150357,149],{"class":108},[94,150359,412],{"class":112},[94,150361,116],{"class":108},[94,150363,124],{"class":112},[94,150365,116],{"class":108},[94,150367,421],{"class":112},[94,150369,316],{"class":108},[265,150371,105734],{"id":105733},[85,150373,150375],{"className":87,"code":150374,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"letters = tuple(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,150376,150377,150395],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,150378,150379,150381,150383,150385,150387,150389,150391,150393],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,150380,36418],{"class":100},[94,150382,105],{"class":104},[94,150384,149456],{"class":913},[94,150386,149],{"class":108},[94,150388,332],{"class":331},[94,150390,41891],{"class":335},[94,150392,332],{"class":331},[94,150394,316],{"class":108},[94,150396,150397,150399,150401,150403],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,150398,326],{"class":145},[94,150400,149],{"class":108},[94,150402,36471],{"class":152},[94,150404,316],{"class":108},[24,150406,371],{},[85,150408,150410],{"className":87,"code":150409,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,150411,150412],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,150413,150414,150416,150418,150420,150422,150424,150426,150428,150430,150432,150434,150436,150438],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,150415,149],{"class":108},[94,150417,968],{"class":331},[94,150419,434],{"class":335},[94,150421,968],{"class":331},[94,150423,116],{"class":108},[94,150425,962],{"class":331},[94,150427,1937],{"class":335},[94,150429,968],{"class":331},[94,150431,116],{"class":108},[94,150433,962],{"class":331},[94,150435,1946],{"class":335},[94,150437,968],{"class":331},[94,150439,316],{"class":108},[24,150441,150442],{},"This works because a string is iterable, so Python goes through it one character at a time.",[265,150444,150446],{"id":150445},"from-another-iterable","From another iterable",[85,150448,150450],{"className":87,"code":150449,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"values = tuple(range(4))\nprint(values)\n",[15,150451,150452,150470],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,150453,150454,150456,150458,150460,150462,150464,150466,150468],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,150455,4167],{"class":100},[94,150457,105],{"class":104},[94,150459,149456],{"class":913},[94,150461,149],{"class":108},[94,150463,60323],{"class":145},[94,150465,149],{"class":108},[94,150467,857],{"class":112},[94,150469,921],{"class":108},[94,150471,150472,150474,150476,150478],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,150473,326],{"class":145},[94,150475,149],{"class":108},[94,150477,5690],{"class":152},[94,150479,316],{"class":108},[24,150481,371],{},[85,150483,150485],{"className":87,"code":150484,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"(0, 1, 2, 3)\n",[15,150486,150487],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,150488,150489,150491,150493,150495,150497,150499,150501,150503,150505],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,150490,149],{"class":108},[94,150492,2476],{"class":112},[94,150494,116],{"class":108},[94,150496,119],{"class":112},[94,150498,116],{"class":108},[94,150500,124],{"class":112},[94,150502,116],{"class":108},[94,150504,421],{"class":112},[94,150506,316],{"class":108},[24,150508,150509],{},"This is useful when your data already exists in another form and you want a tuple version of it.",[80,150511,21132],{"id":21131},[28,150513,150514,150517,150520,150523],{},[31,150515,150516],{},"Commas create tuple items.",[31,150518,150519],{},"Parentheses help readability, but the commas matter most.",[31,150521,150522],{},"Tuples cannot be changed after creation.",[31,150524,150525],{},"If you need to change items often, use a list instead.",[24,150527,150528,150529,168],{},"For a bigger comparison, see ",[434,150530,150532],{"href":150531},"\u002Flearn\u002Fwhen-to-use-lists-vs-tuples-vs-sets-vs-dictionaries\u002F","when to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[80,150534,3186],{"id":3185},[24,150536,150537],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating tuples.",[265,150539,150541],{"id":150540},"forgetting-the-comma-in-a-one-item-tuple","Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple",[24,150543,150544],{},"This creates a normal value, not a tuple:",[85,150546,150548],{"className":87,"code":150547,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"item = (\"apple\")\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,150549,150550,150566],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,150551,150552,150554,150556,150558,150560,150562,150564],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,150553,28869],{"class":100},[94,150555,105],{"class":104},[94,150557,854],{"class":108},[94,150559,332],{"class":331},[94,150561,1332],{"class":335},[94,150563,332],{"class":331},[94,150565,316],{"class":108},[94,150567,150568,150570,150572,150574,150576,150578],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,150569,326],{"class":145},[94,150571,149],{"class":108},[94,150573,914],{"class":913},[94,150575,149],{"class":108},[94,150577,23642],{"class":152},[94,150579,921],{"class":108},[24,150581,150582],{},"To fix it, add a comma:",[85,150584,150586],{"className":87,"code":150585,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"item = (\"apple\",)\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,150587,150588,150604],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,150589,150590,150592,150594,150596,150598,150600,150602],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,150591,28869],{"class":100},[94,150593,105],{"class":104},[94,150595,854],{"class":108},[94,150597,332],{"class":331},[94,150599,1332],{"class":335},[94,150601,332],{"class":331},[94,150603,149446],{"class":108},[94,150605,150606,150608,150610,150612,150614,150616],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,150607,326],{"class":145},[94,150609,149],{"class":108},[94,150611,914],{"class":913},[94,150613,149],{"class":108},[94,150615,23642],{"class":152},[94,150617,921],{"class":108},[265,150619,150621],{"id":150620},"using-square-brackets-by-mistake","Using square brackets by mistake",[24,150623,150624],{},"This creates a list, not a tuple:",[85,150626,150628],{"className":87,"code":150627,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,150629,150630,150650],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,150631,150632,150634,150636,150638,150640,150642,150644,150646,150648],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,150633,4167],{"class":100},[94,150635,105],{"class":104},[94,150637,109],{"class":108},[94,150639,412],{"class":112},[94,150641,116],{"class":108},[94,150643,124],{"class":112},[94,150645,116],{"class":108},[94,150647,421],{"class":112},[94,150649,127],{"class":108},[94,150651,150652,150654,150656,150658,150660,150662],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,150653,326],{"class":145},[94,150655,149],{"class":108},[94,150657,914],{"class":913},[94,150659,149],{"class":108},[94,150661,5690],{"class":152},[94,150663,921],{"class":108},[24,150665,150666],{},"If you want a tuple, use parentheses:",[85,150668,150670],{"className":87,"code":150669,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"values = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,150671,150672,150692],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,150673,150674,150676,150678,150680,150682,150684,150686,150688,150690],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,150675,4167],{"class":100},[94,150677,105],{"class":104},[94,150679,854],{"class":108},[94,150681,412],{"class":112},[94,150683,116],{"class":108},[94,150685,124],{"class":112},[94,150687,116],{"class":108},[94,150689,421],{"class":112},[94,150691,316],{"class":108},[94,150693,150694,150696,150698,150700,150702,150704],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,150695,326],{"class":145},[94,150697,149],{"class":108},[94,150699,914],{"class":913},[94,150701,149],{"class":108},[94,150703,5690],{"class":152},[94,150705,921],{"class":108},[265,150707,150709],{"id":150708},"expecting-tuple-items-to-be-changeable","Expecting tuple items to be changeable",[24,150711,150522],{},[85,150713,150715],{"className":87,"code":150714,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\n# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[15,150716,150717,150737],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,150718,150719,150721,150723,150725,150727,150729,150731,150733,150735],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,150720,101],{"class":100},[94,150722,105],{"class":104},[94,150724,854],{"class":108},[94,150726,412],{"class":112},[94,150728,116],{"class":108},[94,150730,124],{"class":112},[94,150732,116],{"class":108},[94,150734,421],{"class":112},[94,150736,316],{"class":108},[94,150738,150739],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,150740,150741],{"class":159},"# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[24,150743,150744],{},"If you need to update items, use a list instead.",[265,150746,37533,150748,150751],{"id":150747},"confusing-tupleabc-with-one-string-inside-a-tuple",[15,150749,150750],{},"tuple(\"abc\")"," with one string inside a tuple",[24,150753,64967],{},[85,150755,150756],{"className":87,"code":150374,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,150757,150758,150776],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,150759,150760,150762,150764,150766,150768,150770,150772,150774],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,150761,36418],{"class":100},[94,150763,105],{"class":104},[94,150765,149456],{"class":913},[94,150767,149],{"class":108},[94,150769,332],{"class":331},[94,150771,41891],{"class":335},[94,150773,332],{"class":331},[94,150775,316],{"class":108},[94,150777,150778,150780,150782,150784],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,150779,326],{"class":145},[94,150781,149],{"class":108},[94,150783,36471],{"class":152},[94,150785,316],{"class":108},[24,150787,150788],{},"gives:",[85,150790,150791],{"className":87,"code":150409,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,150792,150793],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,150794,150795,150797,150799,150801,150803,150805,150807,150809,150811,150813,150815,150817,150819],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,150796,149],{"class":108},[94,150798,968],{"class":331},[94,150800,434],{"class":335},[94,150802,968],{"class":331},[94,150804,116],{"class":108},[94,150806,962],{"class":331},[94,150808,1937],{"class":335},[94,150810,968],{"class":331},[94,150812,116],{"class":108},[94,150814,962],{"class":331},[94,150816,1946],{"class":335},[94,150818,968],{"class":331},[94,150820,316],{"class":108},[24,150822,150823],{},"If you want one string as a single tuple item, write:",[85,150825,150827],{"className":87,"code":150826,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"word = (\"abc\",)\nprint(word)\n",[15,150828,150829,150845],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,150830,150831,150833,150835,150837,150839,150841,150843],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,150832,6486],{"class":100},[94,150834,105],{"class":104},[94,150836,854],{"class":108},[94,150838,332],{"class":331},[94,150840,41891],{"class":335},[94,150842,332],{"class":331},[94,150844,149446],{"class":108},[94,150846,150847,150849,150851,150853],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,150848,326],{"class":145},[94,150850,149],{"class":108},[94,150852,38721],{"class":152},[94,150854,316],{"class":108},[24,150856,371],{},[85,150858,150860],{"className":87,"code":150859,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"('abc',)\n",[15,150861,150862],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,150863,150864,150866,150868,150870,150872],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,150865,149],{"class":108},[94,150867,968],{"class":331},[94,150869,41891],{"class":335},[94,150871,968],{"class":331},[94,150873,149446],{"class":108},[265,150875,150877],{"id":150876},"simple-debugging-checks","Simple debugging checks",[24,150879,150880],{},"If you are not sure what you created, these checks help:",[85,150882,150884],{"className":87,"code":150883,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"my_tuple = (\"apple\",)\n\nprint(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,150885,150886,150903,150907,150917,150931],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,150887,150888,150891,150893,150895,150897,150899,150901],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,150889,150890],{"class":100},"my_tuple ",[94,150892,105],{"class":104},[94,150894,854],{"class":108},[94,150896,332],{"class":331},[94,150898,1332],{"class":335},[94,150900,332],{"class":331},[94,150902,149446],{"class":108},[94,150904,150905],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,150906,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,150908,150909,150911,150913,150915],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,150910,326],{"class":145},[94,150912,149],{"class":108},[94,150914,148108],{"class":152},[94,150916,316],{"class":108},[94,150918,150919,150921,150923,150925,150927,150929],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,150920,326],{"class":145},[94,150922,149],{"class":108},[94,150924,914],{"class":913},[94,150926,149],{"class":108},[94,150928,148108],{"class":152},[94,150930,921],{"class":108},[94,150932,150933,150935,150937,150939,150941,150943],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,150934,326],{"class":145},[94,150936,149],{"class":108},[94,150938,11490],{"class":145},[94,150940,149],{"class":108},[94,150942,148108],{"class":152},[94,150944,921],{"class":108},[80,150946,2160],{"id":2159},[265,150948,150950],{"id":150949},"how-do-i-create-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I create a tuple with one item?",[24,150952,150953,150954,150957],{},"Add a trailing comma, like ",[15,150955,150956],{},"(\"apple\",)",". Without the comma, Python treats it as a normal value.",[265,150959,150961],{"id":150960},"do-tuples-always-need-parentheses","Do tuples always need parentheses?",[24,150963,150964],{},"Parentheses are common and clearer for beginners, but commas are what make a tuple.",[265,150966,150968],{"id":150967},"can-a-tuple-contain-different-data-types","Can a tuple contain different data types?",[24,150970,150971],{},"Yes. A tuple can contain numbers, strings, booleans, and other objects.",[265,150973,150975],{"id":150974},"what-is-the-difference-between-a-tuple-and-a-list","What is the difference between a tuple and a list?",[24,150977,150978],{},"A tuple cannot be changed after creation. A list can be changed.",[265,150980,5479,150982,13041],{"id":150981},"what-does-tupleabc-return",[15,150983,150750],{},[24,150985,5485,150986,150989],{},[15,150987,150988],{},"('a', 'b', 'c')"," because the string is treated as an iterable of characters.",[80,150991,2232],{"id":2231},[28,150993,150994,150998,151002,151008,151013,151018,151022],{},[31,150995,150996],{},[434,150997,148090],{"href":148089},[31,150999,151000],{},[434,151001,149763],{"href":149762},[31,151003,151004],{},[434,151005,151007],{"href":151006},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained\u002F","Python tuple slicing explained",[31,151009,151010],{},[434,151011,151012],{"href":149328},"Python tuple length with len()",[31,151014,151015],{},[434,151016,151017],{"href":149393},"What is a tuple in Python?",[31,151019,151020],{},[434,151021,63542],{"href":63541},[31,151023,151024],{},[434,151025,151026],{"href":150531},"When to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[2260,151028,151029],{},"html 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.slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":90,"searchDepth":130,"depth":130,"links":151031},[151032,151033,151034,151035,151036,151037,151043,151049,151050,151058,151066],{"id":2360,"depth":130,"text":2361},{"id":15489,"depth":130,"text":15490},{"id":149622,"depth":130,"text":149623},{"id":149766,"depth":130,"text":149767},{"id":149859,"depth":130,"text":149860},{"id":150052,"depth":130,"text":150053,"children":151038},[151039,151040,151041,151042],{"id":153,"depth":137,"text":56786},{"id":257,"depth":137,"text":56789},{"id":150144,"depth":137,"text":150145},{"id":150187,"depth":137,"text":150188},{"id":150294,"depth":130,"text":151044,"children":151045},"Create a tuple with tuple()",[151046,151047,151048],{"id":105547,"depth":137,"text":105548},{"id":105733,"depth":137,"text":105734},{"id":150445,"depth":137,"text":150446},{"id":21131,"depth":130,"text":21132},{"id":3185,"depth":130,"text":3186,"children":151051},[151052,151053,151054,151055,151057],{"id":150540,"depth":137,"text":150541},{"id":150620,"depth":137,"text":150621},{"id":150708,"depth":137,"text":150709},{"id":150747,"depth":137,"text":151056},"Confusing tuple(\"abc\") with one string inside a tuple",{"id":150876,"depth":137,"text":150877},{"id":2159,"depth":130,"text":2160,"children":151059},[151060,151061,151062,151063,151064],{"id":150949,"depth":137,"text":150950},{"id":150960,"depth":137,"text":150961},{"id":150967,"depth":137,"text":150968},{"id":150974,"depth":137,"text":150975},{"id":150981,"depth":137,"text":151065},"What does tuple(\"abc\") return?",{"id":2231,"depth":130,"text":2232},"Master python tuple creating a tuple in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple",{"title":149379,"description":151067},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple","SQWI2ojc9mwi8pBVXbAE-y8OnaS1gj7HNiNhaF1JyuA",{"id":151074,"title":151075,"body":151076,"description":152621,"extension":2319,"meta":152622,"navigation":133,"path":152623,"seo":152624,"stem":152625,"__hash__":152626},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained.md","Python tuple() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":151077,"toc":152591},[151078,151081,151086,151088,151101,151107,151109,151176,151178,151213,151218,151222,151226,151228,151239,151247,151249,151251,151272,151274,151294,151297,151299,151304,151347,151349,151371,151374,151387,151391,151395,151398,151451,151453,151474,151479,151483,151486,151531,151533,151566,151578,151582,151590,151627,151629,151658,151662,151665,151718,151720,151740,151747,151751,151756,151825,151827,151852,151856,151859,151865,151942,151944,152003,152005,152017,152022,152026,152030,152044,152046,152081,152083,152100,152103,152116,152120,152124,152135,152140,152155,152158,152161,152163,152166,152170,152172,152186,152188,152212,152217,152221,152224,152243,152246,152295,152300,152317,152320,152353,152357,152359,152410,152413,152438,152441,152464,152468,152474,152476,152511,152514,152519,152521,152525,152528,152532,152537,152541,152544,152548,152551,152555,152560,152562,152588],[10,151079,151075],{"id":151080},"python-tuple-function-explained",[24,151082,9456,151083,151085],{},[15,151084,38376],{}," function creates a tuple in Python.",[24,151087,82893],{},[28,151089,151090,151095],{},[31,151091,151092,151094],{},[15,151093,38376],{}," creates an empty tuple",[31,151096,151097,151100],{},[15,151098,151099],{},"tuple(iterable)"," converts an iterable into a tuple",[24,151102,151103,151104,151106],{},"This is useful when you want a fixed, immutable sequence of values. Beginners often use ",[15,151105,38376],{}," to convert a list, string, range, or other iterable into a tuple.",[80,151108,2361],{"id":2360},[85,151110,151112],{"className":87,"code":151111,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,151113,151114,151134,151148,151152,151162],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,151115,151116,151118,151120,151122,151124,151126,151128,151130,151132],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,151117,101],{"class":100},[94,151119,105],{"class":104},[94,151121,109],{"class":108},[94,151123,412],{"class":112},[94,151125,116],{"class":108},[94,151127,124],{"class":112},[94,151129,116],{"class":108},[94,151131,421],{"class":112},[94,151133,127],{"class":108},[94,151135,151136,151138,151140,151142,151144,151146],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,151137,305],{"class":100},[94,151139,105],{"class":104},[94,151141,149456],{"class":913},[94,151143,149],{"class":108},[94,151145,153],{"class":152},[94,151147,316],{"class":108},[94,151149,151150],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,151151,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,151153,151154,151156,151158,151160],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,151155,326],{"class":145},[94,151157,149],{"class":108},[94,151159,902],{"class":152},[94,151161,316],{"class":108},[94,151163,151164,151166,151168,151170,151172,151174],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,151165,326],{"class":145},[94,151167,149],{"class":108},[94,151169,914],{"class":913},[94,151171,149],{"class":108},[94,151173,902],{"class":152},[94,151175,921],{"class":108},[24,151177,371],{},[85,151179,151181],{"className":87,"code":151180,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"(1, 2, 3)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,151182,151183,151199],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,151184,151185,151187,151189,151191,151193,151195,151197],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,151186,149],{"class":108},[94,151188,412],{"class":112},[94,151190,116],{"class":108},[94,151192,124],{"class":112},[94,151194,116],{"class":108},[94,151196,421],{"class":112},[94,151198,316],{"class":108},[94,151200,151201,151203,151205,151207,151209,151211],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,151202,955],{"class":104},[94,151204,959],{"class":958},[94,151206,962],{"class":331},[94,151208,49284],{"class":335},[94,151210,968],{"class":331},[94,151212,971],{"class":104},[24,151214,54,151215,151217],{},[15,151216,151099],{}," to convert an iterable like a list, string, or range into a tuple.",[80,151219,151221],{"id":151220},"what-tuple-does","What tuple() does",[24,151223,151224,223],{},[15,151225,38376],{},[24,151227,226],{},[28,151229,151230,151233,151236],{},[31,151231,151232],{},"creates a tuple object",[31,151234,151235],{},"can make an empty tuple with no arguments",[31,151237,151238],{},"can convert another iterable into a tuple",[24,151240,151241,151242,151244,151245,168],{},"If you are new to tuples, see ",[434,151243,149394],{"href":149393}," or the full guide to ",[434,151246,148090],{"href":148089},[80,151248,2514],{"id":2513},[24,151250,26818],{},[85,151252,151254],{"className":87,"code":151253,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"tuple()\ntuple(iterable)\n",[15,151255,151256,151262],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,151257,151258,151260],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,151259,49284],{"class":913},[94,151261,511],{"class":108},[94,151263,151264,151266,151268,151270],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,151265,49284],{"class":913},[94,151267,149],{"class":108},[94,151269,4065],{"class":152},[94,151271,316],{"class":108},[24,151273,11788],{},[28,151275,151276,151279],{},[31,151277,151278],{},"The argument must be an iterable",[31,151280,151281,151282],{},"Common iterables include:\n",[28,151283,151284,151286,151288,151290,151292],{},[31,151285,251],{},[31,151287,257],{},[31,151289,63321],{},[31,151291,260],{},[31,151293,7584],{},[24,151295,151296],{},"An iterable is a value Python can go through one item at a time.",[80,151298,149767],{"id":149766},[24,151300,29980,151301,151303],{},[15,151302,38376],{}," with no argument returns an empty tuple.",[85,151305,151307],{"className":87,"code":151306,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"empty = tuple()\n\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,151308,151309,151319,151323,151333],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,151310,151311,151313,151315,151317],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,151312,124954],{"class":100},[94,151314,105],{"class":104},[94,151316,149456],{"class":913},[94,151318,511],{"class":108},[94,151320,151321],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,151322,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,151324,151325,151327,151329,151331],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,151326,326],{"class":145},[94,151328,149],{"class":108},[94,151330,125005],{"class":152},[94,151332,316],{"class":108},[94,151334,151335,151337,151339,151341,151343,151345],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,151336,326],{"class":145},[94,151338,149],{"class":108},[94,151340,914],{"class":913},[94,151342,149],{"class":108},[94,151344,125005],{"class":152},[94,151346,921],{"class":108},[24,151348,371],{},[85,151350,151351],{"className":87,"code":149812,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,151352,151353,151357],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,151354,151355],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,151356,511],{"class":108},[94,151358,151359,151361,151363,151365,151367,151369],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,151360,955],{"class":104},[94,151362,959],{"class":958},[94,151364,962],{"class":331},[94,151366,49284],{"class":335},[94,151368,968],{"class":331},[94,151370,971],{"class":104},[24,151372,151373],{},"This is equivalent to:",[85,151375,151377],{"className":87,"code":151376,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"empty = ()\n",[15,151378,151379],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,151380,151381,151383,151385],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,151382,124954],{"class":100},[94,151384,105],{"class":104},[94,151386,149432],{"class":108},[80,151388,151390],{"id":151389},"convert-common-iterables-to-a-tuple","Convert common iterables to a tuple",[265,151392,151394],{"id":151393},"list-to-tuple","List to tuple",[24,151396,151397],{},"A list keeps its item order when converted to a tuple.",[85,151399,151401],{"className":87,"code":151400,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151402,151403,151423,151437,151441],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,151404,151405,151407,151409,151411,151413,151415,151417,151419,151421],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,151406,101],{"class":100},[94,151408,105],{"class":104},[94,151410,109],{"class":108},[94,151412,2688],{"class":112},[94,151414,116],{"class":108},[94,151416,8124],{"class":112},[94,151418,116],{"class":108},[94,151420,8129],{"class":112},[94,151422,127],{"class":108},[94,151424,151425,151427,151429,151431,151433,151435],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,151426,305],{"class":100},[94,151428,105],{"class":104},[94,151430,149456],{"class":913},[94,151432,149],{"class":108},[94,151434,153],{"class":152},[94,151436,316],{"class":108},[94,151438,151439],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,151440,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,151442,151443,151445,151447,151449],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,151444,326],{"class":145},[94,151446,149],{"class":108},[94,151448,902],{"class":152},[94,151450,316],{"class":108},[24,151452,371],{},[85,151454,151456],{"className":87,"code":151455,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"(10, 20, 30)\n",[15,151457,151458],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,151459,151460,151462,151464,151466,151468,151470,151472],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,151461,149],{"class":108},[94,151463,2688],{"class":112},[94,151465,116],{"class":108},[94,151467,8124],{"class":112},[94,151469,116],{"class":108},[94,151471,8129],{"class":112},[94,151473,316],{"class":108},[24,151475,151476,151477,168],{},"If you need a changeable sequence instead, see the ",[434,151478,105353],{"href":60380},[265,151480,151482],{"id":151481},"string-to-tuple","String to tuple",[24,151484,151485],{},"A string is iterable, so each character becomes a separate item.",[85,151487,151489],{"className":87,"code":151488,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"cat\"\nresult = tuple(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151490,151491,151503,151517,151521],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,151492,151493,151495,151497,151499,151501],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,151494,1803],{"class":100},[94,151496,105],{"class":104},[94,151498,1040],{"class":331},[94,151500,37376],{"class":335},[94,151502,1812],{"class":331},[94,151504,151505,151507,151509,151511,151513,151515],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,151506,305],{"class":100},[94,151508,105],{"class":104},[94,151510,149456],{"class":913},[94,151512,149],{"class":108},[94,151514,1817],{"class":152},[94,151516,316],{"class":108},[94,151518,151519],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,151520,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,151522,151523,151525,151527,151529],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,151524,326],{"class":145},[94,151526,149],{"class":108},[94,151528,902],{"class":152},[94,151530,316],{"class":108},[24,151532,371],{},[85,151534,151536],{"className":87,"code":151535,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"('c', 'a', 't')\n",[15,151537,151538],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,151539,151540,151542,151544,151546,151548,151550,151552,151554,151556,151558,151560,151562,151564],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,151541,149],{"class":108},[94,151543,968],{"class":331},[94,151545,1946],{"class":335},[94,151547,968],{"class":331},[94,151549,116],{"class":108},[94,151551,962],{"class":331},[94,151553,434],{"class":335},[94,151555,968],{"class":331},[94,151557,116],{"class":108},[94,151559,962],{"class":331},[94,151561,63611],{"class":335},[94,151563,968],{"class":331},[94,151565,316],{"class":108},[24,151567,151568,151569,14381,151572,151574,151575,168],{},"This often surprises beginners. ",[15,151570,151571],{},"tuple(\"cat\")",[43,151573,45],{}," create ",[15,151576,151577],{},"('cat',)",[265,151579,151581],{"id":151580},"range-to-tuple","Range to tuple",[24,151583,151584,151586,151587,151589],{},[15,151585,36526],{}," produces values one at a time, and ",[15,151588,38376],{}," collects them all.",[85,151591,151593],{"className":87,"code":151592,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"result = tuple(range(5))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151594,151595,151613,151617],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,151596,151597,151599,151601,151603,151605,151607,151609,151611],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,151598,305],{"class":100},[94,151600,105],{"class":104},[94,151602,149456],{"class":913},[94,151604,149],{"class":108},[94,151606,60323],{"class":145},[94,151608,149],{"class":108},[94,151610,615],{"class":112},[94,151612,921],{"class":108},[94,151614,151615],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,151616,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,151618,151619,151621,151623,151625],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,151620,326],{"class":145},[94,151622,149],{"class":108},[94,151624,902],{"class":152},[94,151626,316],{"class":108},[24,151628,371],{},[85,151630,151632],{"className":87,"code":151631,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"(0, 1, 2, 3, 4)\n",[15,151633,151634],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,151635,151636,151638,151640,151642,151644,151646,151648,151650,151652,151654,151656],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,151637,149],{"class":108},[94,151639,2476],{"class":112},[94,151641,116],{"class":108},[94,151643,119],{"class":112},[94,151645,116],{"class":108},[94,151647,124],{"class":112},[94,151649,116],{"class":108},[94,151651,421],{"class":112},[94,151653,116],{"class":108},[94,151655,624],{"class":112},[94,151657,316],{"class":108},[265,151659,151661],{"id":151660},"set-to-tuple","Set to tuple",[24,151663,151664],{},"A set can also be converted to a tuple.",[85,151666,151668],{"className":87,"code":151667,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"values = {1, 2, 3}\nresult = tuple(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151669,151670,151690,151704,151708],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,151671,151672,151674,151676,151678,151680,151682,151684,151686,151688],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,151673,4167],{"class":100},[94,151675,105],{"class":104},[94,151677,10823],{"class":108},[94,151679,412],{"class":112},[94,151681,116],{"class":108},[94,151683,124],{"class":112},[94,151685,116],{"class":108},[94,151687,421],{"class":112},[94,151689,9641],{"class":108},[94,151691,151692,151694,151696,151698,151700,151702],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,151693,305],{"class":100},[94,151695,105],{"class":104},[94,151697,149456],{"class":913},[94,151699,149],{"class":108},[94,151701,5690],{"class":152},[94,151703,316],{"class":108},[94,151705,151706],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,151707,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,151709,151710,151712,151714,151716],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,151711,326],{"class":145},[94,151713,149],{"class":108},[94,151715,902],{"class":152},[94,151717,316],{"class":108},[24,151719,371],{},[85,151721,151722],{"className":87,"code":149669,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,151723,151724],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,151725,151726,151728,151730,151732,151734,151736,151738],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,151727,149],{"class":108},[94,151729,412],{"class":112},[94,151731,116],{"class":108},[94,151733,124],{"class":112},[94,151735,116],{"class":108},[94,151737,421],{"class":112},[94,151739,316],{"class":108},[24,151741,151742,151743,168],{},"The order may not be predictable, because sets do not store items in a fixed order. If you want to understand sets better, see the ",[434,151744,151746],{"href":151745},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained\u002F","Python set() function explained",[265,151748,151750],{"id":151749},"dictionary-to-tuple","Dictionary to tuple",[24,151752,63864,151753,151755],{},[15,151754,38376],{},", Python uses the dictionary's keys.",[85,151757,151759],{"className":87,"code":151758,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = tuple(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151760,151761,151797,151811,151815],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,151762,151763,151765,151767,151769,151771,151773,151775,151777,151779,151781,151783,151785,151787,151789,151791,151793,151795],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,151764,13531],{"class":100},[94,151766,105],{"class":104},[94,151768,10823],{"class":108},[94,151770,332],{"class":331},[94,151772,8001],{"class":335},[94,151774,332],{"class":331},[94,151776,384],{"class":108},[94,151778,1040],{"class":331},[94,151780,13206],{"class":335},[94,151782,332],{"class":331},[94,151784,116],{"class":108},[94,151786,1040],{"class":331},[94,151788,9631],{"class":335},[94,151790,332],{"class":331},[94,151792,384],{"class":108},[94,151794,9638],{"class":112},[94,151796,9641],{"class":108},[94,151798,151799,151801,151803,151805,151807,151809],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,151800,305],{"class":100},[94,151802,105],{"class":104},[94,151804,149456],{"class":913},[94,151806,149],{"class":108},[94,151808,17636],{"class":152},[94,151810,316],{"class":108},[94,151812,151813],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,151814,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,151816,151817,151819,151821,151823],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,151818,326],{"class":145},[94,151820,149],{"class":108},[94,151822,902],{"class":152},[94,151824,316],{"class":108},[24,151826,30360],{},[85,151828,151830],{"className":87,"code":151829,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"('name', 'age')\n",[15,151831,151832],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,151833,151834,151836,151838,151840,151842,151844,151846,151848,151850],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,151835,149],{"class":108},[94,151837,968],{"class":331},[94,151839,8001],{"class":335},[94,151841,968],{"class":331},[94,151843,116],{"class":108},[94,151845,962],{"class":331},[94,151847,9631],{"class":335},[94,151849,968],{"class":331},[94,151851,316],{"class":108},[80,151853,151855],{"id":151854},"what-happens-with-dictionaries","What happens with dictionaries",[24,151857,151858],{},"This is a common beginner surprise.",[24,151860,151861,151864],{},[15,151862,151863],{},"tuple(my_dict)"," returns a tuple of dictionary keys, not key-value pairs.",[85,151866,151868],{"className":87,"code":151867,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(tuple(person))\nprint(tuple(person.items()))\n",[15,151869,151870,151906,151910,151924],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,151871,151872,151874,151876,151878,151880,151882,151884,151886,151888,151890,151892,151894,151896,151898,151900,151902,151904],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,151873,13531],{"class":100},[94,151875,105],{"class":104},[94,151877,10823],{"class":108},[94,151879,332],{"class":331},[94,151881,8001],{"class":335},[94,151883,332],{"class":331},[94,151885,384],{"class":108},[94,151887,1040],{"class":331},[94,151889,13206],{"class":335},[94,151891,332],{"class":331},[94,151893,116],{"class":108},[94,151895,1040],{"class":331},[94,151897,9631],{"class":335},[94,151899,332],{"class":331},[94,151901,384],{"class":108},[94,151903,9638],{"class":112},[94,151905,9641],{"class":108},[94,151907,151908],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,151909,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,151911,151912,151914,151916,151918,151920,151922],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,151913,326],{"class":145},[94,151915,149],{"class":108},[94,151917,49284],{"class":913},[94,151919,149],{"class":108},[94,151921,17636],{"class":152},[94,151923,921],{"class":108},[94,151925,151926,151928,151930,151932,151934,151936,151938,151940],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,151927,326],{"class":145},[94,151929,149],{"class":108},[94,151931,49284],{"class":913},[94,151933,149],{"class":108},[94,151935,17636],{"class":152},[94,151937,168],{"class":108},[94,151939,8144],{"class":152},[94,151941,6622],{"class":108},[24,151943,371],{},[85,151945,151947],{"className":87,"code":151946,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"('name', 'age')\n(('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25))\n",[15,151948,151949,151969],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,151950,151951,151953,151955,151957,151959,151961,151963,151965,151967],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,151952,149],{"class":108},[94,151954,968],{"class":331},[94,151956,8001],{"class":335},[94,151958,968],{"class":331},[94,151960,116],{"class":108},[94,151962,962],{"class":331},[94,151964,9631],{"class":335},[94,151966,968],{"class":331},[94,151968,316],{"class":108},[94,151970,151971,151973,151975,151977,151979,151981,151983,151985,151987,151989,151991,151993,151995,151997,151999,152001],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,151972,5842],{"class":108},[94,151974,968],{"class":331},[94,151976,8001],{"class":335},[94,151978,968],{"class":331},[94,151980,116],{"class":108},[94,151982,962],{"class":331},[94,151984,13206],{"class":335},[94,151986,968],{"class":331},[94,151988,9566],{"class":108},[94,151990,854],{"class":108},[94,151992,968],{"class":331},[94,151994,9631],{"class":335},[94,151996,968],{"class":331},[94,151998,116],{"class":108},[94,152000,9638],{"class":112},[94,152002,921],{"class":108},[24,152004,19025],{},[28,152006,152007,152012],{},[31,152008,152009,152011],{},[15,152010,151863],{}," for keys",[31,152013,152014,32888],{},[15,152015,152016],{},"tuple(my_dict.items())",[24,152018,152019,152020,168],{},"This happens because iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default. You can learn more in the ",[434,152021,63874],{"href":63873},[80,152023,152025],{"id":152024},"when-to-use-tuple","When to use tuple()",[24,152027,152028,18649],{},[15,152029,38376],{},[28,152031,152032,152035,152038,152041],{},[31,152033,152034],{},"you need an immutable sequence",[31,152036,152037],{},"you want to convert a list into a tuple",[31,152039,152040],{},"you want to store a fixed group of values",[31,152042,152043],{},"you have data that should not be changed later",[24,152045,2566],{},[85,152047,152049],{"className":87,"code":152048,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"coordinates = tuple([4, 7])\nprint(coordinates)\n",[15,152050,152051,152070],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,152052,152053,152056,152058,152060,152062,152064,152066,152068],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,152054,152055],{"class":100},"coordinates ",[94,152057,105],{"class":104},[94,152059,149456],{"class":913},[94,152061,3342],{"class":108},[94,152063,857],{"class":112},[94,152065,116],{"class":108},[94,152067,6325],{"class":112},[94,152069,4234],{"class":108},[94,152071,152072,152074,152076,152079],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,152073,326],{"class":145},[94,152075,149],{"class":108},[94,152077,152078],{"class":152},"coordinates",[94,152080,316],{"class":108},[24,152082,371],{},[85,152084,152086],{"className":87,"code":152085,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"(4, 7)\n",[15,152087,152088],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,152089,152090,152092,152094,152096,152098],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,152091,149],{"class":108},[94,152093,857],{"class":112},[94,152095,116],{"class":108},[94,152097,6325],{"class":112},[94,152099,316],{"class":108},[24,152101,152102],{},"Tuples are often used for values like:",[28,152104,152105,152107,152110,152113],{},[31,152106,152078],{},[31,152108,152109],{},"RGB colors",[31,152111,152112],{},"dates",[31,152114,152115],{},"settings that should stay fixed",[80,152117,152119],{"id":152118},"when-not-to-use-tuple","When not to use tuple()",[24,152121,44760,152122,822],{},[15,152123,38376],{},[28,152125,152126,152129,152132],{},[31,152127,152128],{},"you need to add, remove, or update items later",[31,152130,152131],{},"a list would be easier to work with",[31,152133,152134],{},"you are passing a non-iterable value",[24,152136,116778,152137,152139],{},[43,152138,45],{}," work:",[85,152141,152143],{"className":87,"code":152142,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"tuple(5)\n",[15,152144,152145],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,152146,152147,152149,152151,152153],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,152148,49284],{"class":913},[94,152150,149],{"class":108},[94,152152,615],{"class":112},[94,152154,316],{"class":108},[24,152156,152157],{},"An integer is not iterable, so Python raises an error.",[24,152159,152160],{},"If you need a flexible sequence, use a list instead of a tuple.",[80,152162,115616],{"id":115615},[24,152164,152165],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into.",[265,152167,152169],{"id":152168},"passing-a-non-iterable-value","Passing a non-iterable value",[24,152171,3193],{},[85,152173,152174],{"className":87,"code":152142,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,152175,152176],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,152177,152178,152180,152182,152184],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,152179,49284],{"class":913},[94,152181,149],{"class":108},[94,152183,615],{"class":112},[94,152185,316],{"class":108},[24,152187,30011],{},[85,152189,152190],{"className":87,"code":63978,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,152191,152192],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,152193,152194,152196,152198,152200,152202,152204,152206,152208,152210],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,152195,3361],{"class":913},[94,152197,384],{"class":108},[94,152199,962],{"class":331},[94,152201,2546],{"class":335},[94,152203,968],{"class":331},[94,152205,24949],{"class":913},[94,152207,8431],{"class":104},[94,152209,8434],{"class":104},[94,152211,64001],{"class":100},[24,152213,152214,152215,168],{},"If you see this, read ",[434,152216,62616],{"href":52929},[265,152218,152220],{"id":152219},"expecting-one-whole-string-item","Expecting one whole string item",[24,152222,152223],{},"This code:",[85,152225,152227],{"className":87,"code":152226,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"tuple(\"hello\")\n",[15,152228,152229],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,152230,152231,152233,152235,152237,152239,152241],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,152232,49284],{"class":913},[94,152234,149],{"class":108},[94,152236,332],{"class":331},[94,152238,4190],{"class":335},[94,152240,332],{"class":331},[94,152242,316],{"class":108},[24,152244,152245],{},"returns:",[85,152247,152249],{"className":87,"code":152248,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"('h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o')\n",[15,152250,152251],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,152252,152253,152255,152257,152259,152261,152263,152265,152267,152269,152271,152273,152275,152277,152279,152281,152283,152285,152287,152289,152291,152293],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,152254,149],{"class":108},[94,152256,968],{"class":331},[94,152258,60763],{"class":335},[94,152260,968],{"class":331},[94,152262,116],{"class":108},[94,152264,962],{"class":331},[94,152266,60772],{"class":335},[94,152268,968],{"class":331},[94,152270,116],{"class":108},[94,152272,962],{"class":331},[94,152274,60781],{"class":335},[94,152276,968],{"class":331},[94,152278,116],{"class":108},[94,152280,962],{"class":331},[94,152282,60781],{"class":335},[94,152284,968],{"class":331},[94,152286,116],{"class":108},[94,152288,962],{"class":331},[94,152290,60798],{"class":335},[94,152292,968],{"class":331},[94,152294,316],{"class":108},[24,152296,41236,152297,152299],{},[43,152298,45],{}," return:",[85,152301,152303],{"className":87,"code":152302,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"('hello',)\n",[15,152304,152305],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,152306,152307,152309,152311,152313,152315],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,152308,149],{"class":108},[94,152310,968],{"class":331},[94,152312,4190],{"class":335},[94,152314,968],{"class":331},[94,152316,149446],{"class":108},[24,152318,152319],{},"If you want a one-item tuple, write:",[85,152321,152323],{"className":87,"code":152322,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"single = (\"hello\",)\nprint(single)\n",[15,152324,152325,152342],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,152326,152327,152330,152332,152334,152336,152338,152340],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,152328,152329],{"class":100},"single ",[94,152331,105],{"class":104},[94,152333,854],{"class":108},[94,152335,332],{"class":331},[94,152337,4190],{"class":335},[94,152339,332],{"class":331},[94,152341,149446],{"class":108},[94,152343,152344,152346,152348,152351],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,152345,326],{"class":145},[94,152347,149],{"class":108},[94,152349,152350],{"class":152},"single",[94,152352,316],{"class":108},[265,152354,152356],{"id":152355},"expecting-dictionary-values-too","Expecting dictionary values too",[24,152358,152223],{},[85,152360,152362],{"className":87,"code":152361,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(tuple(data))\n",[15,152363,152364,152396],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,152365,152366,152368,152370,152372,152374,152376,152378,152380,152382,152384,152386,152388,152390,152392,152394],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,152367,9499],{"class":100},[94,152369,105],{"class":104},[94,152371,10823],{"class":108},[94,152373,332],{"class":331},[94,152375,434],{"class":335},[94,152377,332],{"class":331},[94,152379,384],{"class":108},[94,152381,119],{"class":112},[94,152383,116],{"class":108},[94,152385,1040],{"class":331},[94,152387,1937],{"class":335},[94,152389,332],{"class":331},[94,152391,384],{"class":108},[94,152393,124],{"class":112},[94,152395,9641],{"class":108},[94,152397,152398,152400,152402,152404,152406,152408],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,152399,326],{"class":145},[94,152401,149],{"class":108},[94,152403,49284],{"class":913},[94,152405,149],{"class":108},[94,152407,9537],{"class":152},[94,152409,921],{"class":108},[24,152411,152412],{},"returns only the keys:",[85,152414,152416],{"className":87,"code":152415,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"('a', 'b')\n",[15,152417,152418],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,152419,152420,152422,152424,152426,152428,152430,152432,152434,152436],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,152421,149],{"class":108},[94,152423,968],{"class":331},[94,152425,434],{"class":335},[94,152427,968],{"class":331},[94,152429,116],{"class":108},[94,152431,962],{"class":331},[94,152433,1937],{"class":335},[94,152435,968],{"class":331},[94,152437,316],{"class":108},[24,152439,152440],{},"To get key-value pairs, use:",[85,152442,152444],{"className":87,"code":152443,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(tuple(data.items()))\n",[15,152445,152446],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,152447,152448,152450,152452,152454,152456,152458,152460,152462],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,152449,326],{"class":145},[94,152451,149],{"class":108},[94,152453,49284],{"class":913},[94,152455,149],{"class":108},[94,152457,9537],{"class":152},[94,152459,168],{"class":108},[94,152461,8144],{"class":152},[94,152463,6622],{"class":108},[265,152465,152467],{"id":152466},"thinking-parentheses-always-convert-to-a-tuple","Thinking parentheses always convert to a tuple",[24,152469,152470,152471,152473],{},"Parentheses can create tuples in many cases, but they do not behave the same as ",[15,152472,38376],{}," conversion.",[24,152475,5804],{},[85,152477,152479],{"className":87,"code":152478,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"value = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(value)\n",[15,152480,152481,152501],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,152482,152483,152485,152487,152489,152491,152493,152495,152497,152499],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,152484,2804],{"class":100},[94,152486,105],{"class":104},[94,152488,854],{"class":108},[94,152490,412],{"class":112},[94,152492,116],{"class":108},[94,152494,124],{"class":112},[94,152496,116],{"class":108},[94,152498,421],{"class":112},[94,152500,316],{"class":108},[94,152502,152503,152505,152507,152509],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,152504,326],{"class":145},[94,152506,149],{"class":108},[94,152508,2829],{"class":152},[94,152510,316],{"class":108},[24,152512,152513],{},"This creates a tuple directly.",[24,152515,25837,152516,152518],{},[15,152517,38376],{}," is specifically used to create an empty tuple or convert an iterable into a tuple.",[80,152520,2160],{"id":2159},[265,152522,152524],{"id":152523},"what-does-tuple-do-in-python","What does tuple() do in Python?",[24,152526,152527],{},"It creates a tuple. With an iterable argument, it converts that iterable into a tuple.",[265,152529,152531],{"id":152530},"what-does-tuple-return-with-no-argument","What does tuple() return with no argument?",[24,152533,152534,152535,168],{},"It returns an empty tuple: ",[15,152536,174],{},[265,152538,152540],{"id":152539},"can-tuple-convert-a-string","Can tuple() convert a string?",[24,152542,152543],{},"Yes. Each character becomes a separate item in the tuple.",[265,152545,152547],{"id":152546},"why-does-tuplemy_dict-only-return-keys","Why does tuple(my_dict) only return keys?",[24,152549,152550],{},"Iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default.",[265,152552,152554],{"id":152553},"can-i-use-tuple-on-an-integer","Can I use tuple() on an integer?",[24,152556,152557,152558,168],{},"No. An integer is not iterable, so Python raises a ",[15,152559,3361],{},[80,152561,2232],{"id":2231},[28,152563,152564,152568,152572,152576,152580,152584],{},[31,152565,152566],{},[434,152567,148090],{"href":148089},[31,152569,152570],{},[434,152571,151017],{"href":149393},[31,152573,152574],{},[434,152575,105353],{"href":60380},[31,152577,152578],{},[434,152579,151746],{"href":151745},[31,152581,152582],{},[434,152583,63874],{"href":63873},[31,152585,152586],{},[434,152587,62616],{"href":52929},[2260,152589,152590],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":90,"searchDepth":130,"depth":130,"links":152592},[152593,152594,152595,152596,152597,152604,152605,152606,152607,152613,152620],{"id":2360,"depth":130,"text":2361},{"id":151220,"depth":130,"text":151221},{"id":2513,"depth":130,"text":2514},{"id":149766,"depth":130,"text":149767},{"id":151389,"depth":130,"text":151390,"children":152598},[152599,152600,152601,152602,152603],{"id":151393,"depth":137,"text":151394},{"id":151481,"depth":137,"text":151482},{"id":151580,"depth":137,"text":151581},{"id":151660,"depth":137,"text":151661},{"id":151749,"depth":137,"text":151750},{"id":151854,"depth":130,"text":151855},{"id":152024,"depth":130,"text":152025},{"id":152118,"depth":130,"text":152119},{"id":115615,"depth":130,"text":115616,"children":152608},[152609,152610,152611,152612],{"id":152168,"depth":137,"text":152169},{"id":152219,"depth":137,"text":152220},{"id":152355,"depth":137,"text":152356},{"id":152466,"depth":137,"text":152467},{"id":2159,"depth":130,"text":2160,"children":152614},[152615,152616,152617,152618,152619],{"id":152523,"depth":137,"text":152524},{"id":152530,"depth":137,"text":152531},{"id":152539,"depth":137,"text":152540},{"id":152546,"depth":137,"text":152547},{"id":152553,"depth":137,"text":152554},{"id":2231,"depth":130,"text":2232},"Master python tuple function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained",{"title":151075,"description":152621},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained","pFeq5hNHdIKuIzk8wtloZhtsgtV1EfCv8EepPUEVHYk",{"id":152628,"title":152629,"body":152630,"description":154043,"extension":2319,"meta":154044,"navigation":133,"path":154045,"seo":154046,"stem":154047,"__hash__":154048},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method.md","Python Tuple index() Method",{"type":7,"value":152631,"toc":154015},[152632,152637,152642,152645,152647,152726,152732,152737,152741,152756,152758,152805,152807,152815,152823,152829,152831,152836,152856,152859,152886,152888,152912,152914,153056,153058,153062,153070,153073,153075,153152,153154,153162,153166,153170,153180,153190,153192,153197,153199,153258,153263,153265,153365,153367,153381,153386,153392,153399,153402,153404,153514,153518,153535,153537,153600,153602,153610,153622,153626,153631,153659,153662,153744,153746,153757,153759,153763,153790,153792,153794,153874,153882,153884,153939,153941,153946,153949,153953,153957,153959,153963,153967,153975,153982,153985,153987,154012],[10,152633,147974,152635,11651],{"id":152634},"python-tuple-index-method",[15,152636,59292],{},[24,152638,152639,152641],{},[15,152640,149295],{}," finds the position of a value inside a tuple.",[24,152643,152644],{},"It is useful when you know the value you want to search for and need its index. This method returns the first matching position and raises an error if the value is not found.",[80,152646,2361],{"id":2360},[85,152648,152650],{"className":87,"code":152649,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nposition = colors.index(\"blue\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,152651,152652,152692,152714],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,152653,152654,152656,152658,152660,152662,152664,152666,152668,152670,152672,152674,152676,152678,152680,152682,152684,152686,152688,152690],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,152655,13402],{"class":100},[94,152657,105],{"class":104},[94,152659,854],{"class":108},[94,152661,332],{"class":331},[94,152663,13419],{"class":335},[94,152665,332],{"class":331},[94,152667,116],{"class":108},[94,152669,1040],{"class":331},[94,152671,13436],{"class":335},[94,152673,332],{"class":331},[94,152675,116],{"class":108},[94,152677,1040],{"class":331},[94,152679,17785],{"class":335},[94,152681,332],{"class":331},[94,152683,116],{"class":108},[94,152685,1040],{"class":331},[94,152687,13436],{"class":335},[94,152689,332],{"class":331},[94,152691,316],{"class":108},[94,152693,152694,152696,152698,152700,152702,152704,152706,152708,152710,152712],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,152695,65243],{"class":100},[94,152697,105],{"class":104},[94,152699,13450],{"class":100},[94,152701,168],{"class":108},[94,152703,36174],{"class":152},[94,152705,149],{"class":108},[94,152707,332],{"class":331},[94,152709,13436],{"class":335},[94,152711,332],{"class":331},[94,152713,316],{"class":108},[94,152715,152716,152718,152720,152722,152724],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,152717,326],{"class":145},[94,152719,149],{"class":108},[94,152721,65270],{"class":152},[94,152723,156],{"class":108},[94,152725,28111],{"class":159},[24,152727,152728,152731],{},[15,152729,152730],{},"tuple.index(value)"," returns the position of the first matching item.",[80,152733,215,152735,218],{"id":152734},"what-tupleindex-does",[15,152736,149295],{},[24,152738,2336,152739,11742],{},[15,152740,59292],{},[28,152742,152743,152746,152748,152751],{},[31,152744,152745],{},"Finds the position of a value inside a tuple",[31,152747,128572],{},[31,152749,152750],{},"Works only if the value exists in the tuple",[31,152752,152753,152754],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at index ",[15,152755,2476],{},[24,152757,2566],{},[85,152759,152761],{"className":87,"code":152760,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 20)\nprint(numbers.index(20))\n",[15,152762,152763,152787],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,152764,152765,152767,152769,152771,152773,152775,152777,152779,152781,152783,152785],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,152766,101],{"class":100},[94,152768,105],{"class":104},[94,152770,854],{"class":108},[94,152772,2688],{"class":112},[94,152774,116],{"class":108},[94,152776,8124],{"class":112},[94,152778,116],{"class":108},[94,152780,8129],{"class":112},[94,152782,116],{"class":108},[94,152784,8124],{"class":112},[94,152786,316],{"class":108},[94,152788,152789,152791,152793,152795,152797,152799,152801,152803],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,152790,326],{"class":145},[94,152792,149],{"class":108},[94,152794,153],{"class":152},[94,152796,168],{"class":108},[94,152798,36174],{"class":152},[94,152800,149],{"class":108},[94,152802,16082],{"class":112},[94,152804,921],{"class":108},[24,152806,371],{},[85,152808,152809],{"className":87,"code":47248,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,152810,152811],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,152812,152813],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,152814,47248],{"class":112},[24,152816,21309,152817,152819,152820,152822],{},[15,152818,16082],{}," appears twice, ",[15,152821,59292],{}," returns only the first match.",[24,152824,151241,152825,168],{},[434,152826,152828],{"href":152827},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python","what a tuple is in Python",[80,152830,2514],{"id":2513},[24,152832,8096,152833,152835],{},[15,152834,59292],{}," in two ways:",[85,152837,152839],{"className":87,"code":152838,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"tuple_name.index(value)\n",[15,152840,152841],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,152842,152843,152846,152848,152850,152852,152854],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,152844,152845],{"class":100},"tuple_name",[94,152847,168],{"class":108},[94,152849,36174],{"class":152},[94,152851,149],{"class":108},[94,152853,2829],{"class":152},[94,152855,316],{"class":108},[24,152857,152858],{},"or:",[85,152860,152862],{"className":87,"code":152861,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"tuple_name.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,152863,152864],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,152865,152866,152868,152870,152872,152874,152876,152878,152880,152882,152884],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,152867,152845],{"class":100},[94,152869,168],{"class":108},[94,152871,36174],{"class":152},[94,152873,149],{"class":108},[94,152875,2829],{"class":152},[94,152877,116],{"class":108},[94,152879,36379],{"class":152},[94,152881,116],{"class":108},[94,152883,65364],{"class":152},[94,152885,316],{"class":108},[265,152887,17724],{"id":17723},[28,152889,152890,152895,152900,152905],{},[31,152891,152892,152894],{},[15,152893,2829],{}," — the item to search for",[31,152896,152897,152899],{},[15,152898,36400],{}," — optional starting position",[31,152901,152902,152904],{},[15,152903,52990],{}," — optional ending position",[31,152906,152907,5126,152909,152911],{},[15,152908,52990],{},[43,152910,65393],{}," in the search",[24,152913,2566],{},[85,152915,152917],{"className":87,"code":152916,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\")\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # 1\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # 3\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 3))  # 1\n",[15,152918,152919,152967,152971,152996,153024],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,152920,152921,152923,152925,152927,152929,152931,152933,152935,152937,152939,152941,152943,152945,152947,152949,152951,152953,152955,152957,152959,152961,152963,152965],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,152922,36418],{"class":100},[94,152924,105],{"class":104},[94,152926,854],{"class":108},[94,152928,332],{"class":331},[94,152930,434],{"class":335},[94,152932,332],{"class":331},[94,152934,116],{"class":108},[94,152936,1040],{"class":331},[94,152938,1937],{"class":335},[94,152940,332],{"class":331},[94,152942,116],{"class":108},[94,152944,1040],{"class":331},[94,152946,1946],{"class":335},[94,152948,332],{"class":331},[94,152950,116],{"class":108},[94,152952,1040],{"class":331},[94,152954,1937],{"class":335},[94,152956,332],{"class":331},[94,152958,116],{"class":108},[94,152960,1040],{"class":331},[94,152962,19098],{"class":335},[94,152964,332],{"class":331},[94,152966,316],{"class":108},[94,152968,152969],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,152970,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,152972,152973,152975,152977,152979,152981,152983,152985,152987,152989,152991,152993],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,152974,326],{"class":145},[94,152976,149],{"class":108},[94,152978,36471],{"class":152},[94,152980,168],{"class":108},[94,152982,36174],{"class":152},[94,152984,149],{"class":108},[94,152986,332],{"class":331},[94,152988,1937],{"class":335},[94,152990,332],{"class":331},[94,152992,5693],{"class":108},[94,152994,152995],{"class":159},"        # 1\n",[94,152997,152998,153000,153002,153004,153006,153008,153010,153012,153014,153016,153018,153020,153022],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,152999,326],{"class":145},[94,153001,149],{"class":108},[94,153003,36471],{"class":152},[94,153005,168],{"class":108},[94,153007,36174],{"class":152},[94,153009,149],{"class":108},[94,153011,332],{"class":331},[94,153013,1937],{"class":335},[94,153015,332],{"class":331},[94,153017,116],{"class":108},[94,153019,124],{"class":112},[94,153021,5693],{"class":108},[94,153023,51249],{"class":159},[94,153025,153026,153028,153030,153032,153034,153036,153038,153040,153042,153044,153046,153048,153050,153052,153054],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,153027,326],{"class":145},[94,153029,149],{"class":108},[94,153031,36471],{"class":152},[94,153033,168],{"class":108},[94,153035,36174],{"class":152},[94,153037,149],{"class":108},[94,153039,332],{"class":331},[94,153041,1937],{"class":335},[94,153043,332],{"class":331},[94,153045,116],{"class":108},[94,153047,119],{"class":112},[94,153049,116],{"class":108},[94,153051,421],{"class":112},[94,153053,5693],{"class":108},[94,153055,28111],{"class":159},[80,153057,103680],{"id":103679},[24,153059,153060,25840],{},[15,153061,149295],{},[28,153063,153064,153067],{},[31,153065,153066],{},"An integer",[31,153068,153069],{},"The position of the first matching item",[24,153071,153072],{},"If the value appears more than once, later matches are ignored.",[24,153074,2566],{},[85,153076,153078],{"className":87,"code":153077,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"animals = (\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\", \"dog\")\nresult = animals.index(\"dog\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,153079,153080,153120,153142],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,153081,153082,153084,153086,153088,153090,153092,153094,153096,153098,153100,153102,153104,153106,153108,153110,153112,153114,153116,153118],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,153083,108779],{"class":100},[94,153085,105],{"class":104},[94,153087,854],{"class":108},[94,153089,332],{"class":331},[94,153091,37376],{"class":335},[94,153093,332],{"class":331},[94,153095,116],{"class":108},[94,153097,1040],{"class":331},[94,153099,58451],{"class":335},[94,153101,332],{"class":331},[94,153103,116],{"class":108},[94,153105,1040],{"class":331},[94,153107,58468],{"class":335},[94,153109,332],{"class":331},[94,153111,116],{"class":108},[94,153113,1040],{"class":331},[94,153115,58451],{"class":335},[94,153117,332],{"class":331},[94,153119,316],{"class":108},[94,153121,153122,153124,153126,153128,153130,153132,153134,153136,153138,153140],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,153123,305],{"class":100},[94,153125,105],{"class":104},[94,153127,108822],{"class":100},[94,153129,168],{"class":108},[94,153131,36174],{"class":152},[94,153133,149],{"class":108},[94,153135,332],{"class":331},[94,153137,58451],{"class":335},[94,153139,332],{"class":331},[94,153141,316],{"class":108},[94,153143,153144,153146,153148,153150],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,153145,326],{"class":145},[94,153147,149],{"class":108},[94,153149,902],{"class":152},[94,153151,316],{"class":108},[24,153153,371],{},[85,153155,153156],{"className":87,"code":47248,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,153157,153158],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,153159,153160],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,153161,47248],{"class":112},[80,153163,153165],{"id":153164},"when-to-use-it","When to use it",[24,153167,54,153168,822],{},[15,153169,149295],{},[28,153171,153172,153174,153177],{},[31,153173,66422],{},[31,153175,153176],{},"You want to find where an item first appears",[31,153178,153179],{},"You are working with a small fixed collection stored as a tuple",[24,153181,153182,153183,153186,153187,168],{},"If you already know the position, use normal tuple indexing instead, such as ",[15,153184,153185],{},"my_tuple[0]",". For a full explanation, see ",[434,153188,149763],{"href":153189},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained",[80,153191,65954],{"id":65953},[24,153193,153194,153195,168],{},"If the value is not in the tuple, Python raises a ",[15,153196,41034],{},[24,153198,2566],{},[85,153200,153202],{"className":87,"code":153201,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\n",[15,153203,153204,153236],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,153205,153206,153208,153210,153212,153214,153216,153218,153220,153222,153224,153226,153228,153230,153232,153234],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,153207,13402],{"class":100},[94,153209,105],{"class":104},[94,153211,854],{"class":108},[94,153213,332],{"class":331},[94,153215,13419],{"class":335},[94,153217,332],{"class":331},[94,153219,116],{"class":108},[94,153221,1040],{"class":331},[94,153223,13436],{"class":335},[94,153225,332],{"class":331},[94,153227,116],{"class":108},[94,153229,1040],{"class":331},[94,153231,17785],{"class":335},[94,153233,332],{"class":331},[94,153235,316],{"class":108},[94,153237,153238,153240,153242,153244,153246,153248,153250,153252,153254,153256],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,153239,326],{"class":145},[94,153241,149],{"class":108},[94,153243,17832],{"class":152},[94,153245,168],{"class":108},[94,153247,36174],{"class":152},[94,153249,149],{"class":108},[94,153251,332],{"class":331},[94,153253,22855],{"class":335},[94,153255,332],{"class":331},[94,153257,921],{"class":108},[24,153259,39984,153260,153262],{},[15,153261,110104],{}," is not in the tuple.",[24,153264,66029],{},[85,153266,153268],{"className":87,"code":153267,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\n\nif \"yellow\" in colors:\n    print(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,153269,153270,153302,153306,153322,153344,153350],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,153271,153272,153274,153276,153278,153280,153282,153284,153286,153288,153290,153292,153294,153296,153298,153300],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,153273,13402],{"class":100},[94,153275,105],{"class":104},[94,153277,854],{"class":108},[94,153279,332],{"class":331},[94,153281,13419],{"class":335},[94,153283,332],{"class":331},[94,153285,116],{"class":108},[94,153287,1040],{"class":331},[94,153289,13436],{"class":335},[94,153291,332],{"class":331},[94,153293,116],{"class":108},[94,153295,1040],{"class":331},[94,153297,17785],{"class":335},[94,153299,332],{"class":331},[94,153301,316],{"class":108},[94,153303,153304],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,153305,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,153307,153308,153310,153312,153314,153316,153318,153320],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,153309,7330],{"class":4221},[94,153311,1040],{"class":331},[94,153313,22855],{"class":335},[94,153315,332],{"class":331},[94,153317,21505],{"class":104},[94,153319,13450],{"class":100},[94,153321,6726],{"class":108},[94,153323,153324,153326,153328,153330,153332,153334,153336,153338,153340,153342],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,153325,8404],{"class":145},[94,153327,149],{"class":108},[94,153329,17832],{"class":152},[94,153331,168],{"class":108},[94,153333,36174],{"class":152},[94,153335,149],{"class":108},[94,153337,332],{"class":331},[94,153339,22855],{"class":335},[94,153341,332],{"class":331},[94,153343,921],{"class":108},[94,153345,153346,153348],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,153347,27765],{"class":4221},[94,153349,6726],{"class":108},[94,153351,153352,153354,153356,153358,153361,153363],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,153353,8404],{"class":145},[94,153355,149],{"class":108},[94,153357,332],{"class":331},[94,153359,153360],{"class":335},"Value not found",[94,153362,332],{"class":331},[94,153364,316],{"class":108},[24,153366,371],{},[85,153368,153370],{"className":87,"code":153369,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"Value not found\n",[15,153371,153372],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,153373,153374,153377,153379],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,153375,153376],{"class":100},"Value ",[94,153378,45],{"class":104},[94,153380,66153],{"class":100},[24,153382,153383,153384,168],{},"If you want to learn more about this kind of error, see ",[434,153385,66163],{"href":66162},[80,153387,1484,153388,1139,153390],{"id":65730},[15,153389,36400],{},[15,153391,52990],{},[24,153393,2336,153394,1139,153396,153398],{},[15,153395,36400],{},[15,153397,52990],{}," arguments let you search only part of a tuple.",[24,153400,153401],{},"This is helpful when the same value appears multiple times.",[24,153403,2566],{},[85,153405,153407],{"className":87,"code":153406,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5))        # 0\nprint(values.index(5, 1))     # 2\nprint(values.index(5, 3, 5))  # 4\n",[15,153408,153409,153437,153441,153462,153486],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,153410,153411,153413,153415,153417,153419,153421,153423,153425,153427,153429,153431,153433,153435],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,153412,4167],{"class":100},[94,153414,105],{"class":104},[94,153416,854],{"class":108},[94,153418,615],{"class":112},[94,153420,116],{"class":108},[94,153422,6336],{"class":112},[94,153424,116],{"class":108},[94,153426,772],{"class":112},[94,153428,116],{"class":108},[94,153430,8124],{"class":112},[94,153432,116],{"class":108},[94,153434,772],{"class":112},[94,153436,316],{"class":108},[94,153438,153439],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,153440,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,153442,153443,153445,153447,153449,153451,153453,153455,153457,153459],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,153444,326],{"class":145},[94,153446,149],{"class":108},[94,153448,5690],{"class":152},[94,153450,168],{"class":108},[94,153452,36174],{"class":152},[94,153454,149],{"class":108},[94,153456,615],{"class":112},[94,153458,5693],{"class":108},[94,153460,153461],{"class":159},"        # 0\n",[94,153463,153464,153466,153468,153470,153472,153474,153476,153478,153480,153482,153484],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,153465,326],{"class":145},[94,153467,149],{"class":108},[94,153469,5690],{"class":152},[94,153471,168],{"class":108},[94,153473,36174],{"class":152},[94,153475,149],{"class":108},[94,153477,615],{"class":112},[94,153479,116],{"class":108},[94,153481,119],{"class":112},[94,153483,5693],{"class":108},[94,153485,51283],{"class":159},[94,153487,153488,153490,153492,153494,153496,153498,153500,153502,153504,153506,153508,153510,153512],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,153489,326],{"class":145},[94,153491,149],{"class":108},[94,153493,5690],{"class":152},[94,153495,168],{"class":108},[94,153497,36174],{"class":152},[94,153499,149],{"class":108},[94,153501,615],{"class":112},[94,153503,116],{"class":108},[94,153505,421],{"class":112},[94,153507,116],{"class":108},[94,153509,772],{"class":112},[94,153511,5693],{"class":108},[94,153513,51266],{"class":159},[265,153515,153517],{"id":153516},"how-it-works","How it works",[28,153519,153520,153525,153530],{},[31,153521,153522,153524],{},[15,153523,36400],{}," tells Python where to begin searching",[31,153526,153527,153529],{},[15,153528,52990],{}," tells Python where to stop searching",[31,153531,2336,153532,153534],{},[15,153533,52990],{}," position itself is not included",[24,153536,2566],{},[85,153538,153540],{"className":87,"code":153539,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5, 1, 4))\n",[15,153541,153542,153570,153574],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,153543,153544,153546,153548,153550,153552,153554,153556,153558,153560,153562,153564,153566,153568],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,153545,4167],{"class":100},[94,153547,105],{"class":104},[94,153549,854],{"class":108},[94,153551,615],{"class":112},[94,153553,116],{"class":108},[94,153555,6336],{"class":112},[94,153557,116],{"class":108},[94,153559,772],{"class":112},[94,153561,116],{"class":108},[94,153563,8124],{"class":112},[94,153565,116],{"class":108},[94,153567,772],{"class":112},[94,153569,316],{"class":108},[94,153571,153572],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,153573,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,153575,153576,153578,153580,153582,153584,153586,153588,153590,153592,153594,153596,153598],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,153577,326],{"class":145},[94,153579,149],{"class":108},[94,153581,5690],{"class":152},[94,153583,168],{"class":108},[94,153585,36174],{"class":152},[94,153587,149],{"class":108},[94,153589,615],{"class":112},[94,153591,116],{"class":108},[94,153593,119],{"class":112},[94,153595,116],{"class":108},[94,153597,624],{"class":112},[94,153599,921],{"class":108},[24,153601,371],{},[85,153603,153604],{"className":87,"code":17385,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,153605,153606],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,153607,153608],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,153609,17385],{"class":112},[24,153611,153612,153613,2547,153615,17401,153617,153619,153620,168],{},"Python searches positions ",[15,153614,412],{},[15,153616,763],{},[15,153618,113],{},", but not ",[15,153621,857],{},[80,153623,153625],{"id":153624},"beginner-tips","Beginner tips",[24,153627,153628,153629,384],{},"Keep these points in mind when using ",[15,153630,149295],{},[28,153632,153633,153641,153646,153653],{},[31,153634,153635,153636,153638,153639],{},"Do not confuse the ",[43,153637,2829],{}," with the ",[43,153640,36174],{},[31,153642,153643,153644],{},"Remember that indexing starts at ",[15,153645,2476],{},[31,153647,54,153648,153652],{},[434,153649,149321,153650,567],{"href":149373},[15,153651,57614],{}," if you need to know how many times a value appears",[31,153654,153655,153656,153658],{},"Use normal indexing like ",[15,153657,153185],{}," when you already know the position",[24,153660,153661],{},"Example of value vs index:",[85,153663,153665],{"className":87,"code":153664,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits.index(\"banana\"))  # 1\nprint(fruits[1])               # banana\n",[15,153666,153667,153699,153703,153727],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,153668,153669,153671,153673,153675,153677,153679,153681,153683,153685,153687,153689,153691,153693,153695,153697],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,153670,36567],{"class":100},[94,153672,105],{"class":104},[94,153674,854],{"class":108},[94,153676,332],{"class":331},[94,153678,1332],{"class":335},[94,153680,332],{"class":331},[94,153682,116],{"class":108},[94,153684,1040],{"class":331},[94,153686,4432],{"class":335},[94,153688,332],{"class":331},[94,153690,116],{"class":108},[94,153692,1040],{"class":331},[94,153694,33552],{"class":335},[94,153696,332],{"class":331},[94,153698,316],{"class":108},[94,153700,153701],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,153702,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,153704,153705,153707,153709,153711,153713,153715,153717,153719,153721,153723,153725],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,153706,326],{"class":145},[94,153708,149],{"class":108},[94,153710,36619],{"class":152},[94,153712,168],{"class":108},[94,153714,36174],{"class":152},[94,153716,149],{"class":108},[94,153718,332],{"class":331},[94,153720,4432],{"class":335},[94,153722,332],{"class":331},[94,153724,5693],{"class":108},[94,153726,28111],{"class":159},[94,153728,153729,153731,153733,153735,153737,153739,153741],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,153730,326],{"class":145},[94,153732,149],{"class":108},[94,153734,36619],{"class":152},[94,153736,539],{"class":108},[94,153738,412],{"class":112},[94,153740,20777],{"class":108},[94,153742,153743],{"class":159},"               # banana\n",[24,153745,2536],{},[28,153747,153748,153752],{},[31,153749,153750,15574],{},[15,153751,65598],{},[31,153753,153754,153756],{},[15,153755,412],{}," is the index",[80,153758,3186],{"id":3185},[24,153760,106418,153761,384],{},[15,153762,149295],{},[28,153764,153765,153768,153773,153778,153785],{},[31,153766,153767],{},"Searching for a value that is not inside the tuple",[31,153769,8786,153770,153772],{},[15,153771,59292],{}," to return all matching positions",[31,153774,153775,153776],{},"Forgetting that the first item is at index ",[15,153777,2476],{},[31,153779,153780,153781,1139,153783],{},"Using the wrong search range with ",[15,153782,36400],{},[15,153784,52990],{},[31,153786,37533,153787,153789],{},[15,153788,149295],{}," with similar methods on strings or lists",[265,153791,61035],{"id":61034},[24,153793,94680],{},[85,153795,153797],{"className":87,"code":153796,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(value in my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple.count(value))\nprint(my_tuple.index(value))\n",[15,153798,153799,153809,153823,153838,153856],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,153800,153801,153803,153805,153807],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,153802,326],{"class":145},[94,153804,149],{"class":108},[94,153806,148108],{"class":152},[94,153808,316],{"class":108},[94,153810,153811,153813,153815,153817,153819,153821],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,153812,326],{"class":145},[94,153814,149],{"class":108},[94,153816,11490],{"class":145},[94,153818,149],{"class":108},[94,153820,148108],{"class":152},[94,153822,921],{"class":108},[94,153824,153825,153827,153829,153831,153833,153836],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,153826,326],{"class":145},[94,153828,149],{"class":108},[94,153830,2804],{"class":152},[94,153832,4228],{"class":4221},[94,153834,153835],{"class":152}," my_tuple",[94,153837,316],{"class":108},[94,153839,153840,153842,153844,153846,153848,153850,153852,153854],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,153841,326],{"class":145},[94,153843,149],{"class":108},[94,153845,148108],{"class":152},[94,153847,168],{"class":108},[94,153849,41590],{"class":152},[94,153851,149],{"class":108},[94,153853,2829],{"class":152},[94,153855,921],{"class":108},[94,153857,153858,153860,153862,153864,153866,153868,153870,153872],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,153859,326],{"class":145},[94,153861,149],{"class":108},[94,153863,148108],{"class":152},[94,153865,168],{"class":108},[94,153867,36174],{"class":152},[94,153869,149],{"class":108},[94,153871,2829],{"class":152},[94,153873,921],{"class":108},[24,153875,153876,153877,84699,153879,153881],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will raise a ",[15,153878,41034],{},[15,153880,2829],{}," is missing.",[24,153883,129725],{},[85,153885,153887],{"className":87,"code":153886,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"if value in my_tuple:\n    print(my_tuple.index(value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,153888,153889,153901,153919,153925],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,153890,153891,153893,153895,153897,153899],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,153892,7330],{"class":4221},[94,153894,21915],{"class":100},[94,153896,4228],{"class":104},[94,153898,153835],{"class":100},[94,153900,6726],{"class":108},[94,153902,153903,153905,153907,153909,153911,153913,153915,153917],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,153904,8404],{"class":145},[94,153906,149],{"class":108},[94,153908,148108],{"class":152},[94,153910,168],{"class":108},[94,153912,36174],{"class":152},[94,153914,149],{"class":108},[94,153916,2829],{"class":152},[94,153918,921],{"class":108},[94,153920,153921,153923],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,153922,27765],{"class":4221},[94,153924,6726],{"class":108},[94,153926,153927,153929,153931,153933,153935,153937],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,153928,8404],{"class":145},[94,153930,149],{"class":108},[94,153932,332],{"class":331},[94,153934,153360],{"class":335},[94,153936,332],{"class":331},[94,153938,316],{"class":108},[80,153940,2160],{"id":2159},[265,153942,5479,153944,13041],{"id":153943},"what-does-tupleindex-return",[15,153945,149295],{},[24,153947,153948],{},"It returns the index of the first matching value in the tuple.",[265,153950,153952],{"id":153951},"what-if-the-value-appears-more-than-once","What if the value appears more than once?",[24,153954,153955,152822],{},[15,153956,149295],{},[265,153958,149274],{"id":149273},[24,153960,77174,153961,168],{},[15,153962,41034],{},[265,153964,153966],{"id":153965},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-tuple","Can I search only part of a tuple?",[24,153968,153969,153970,1139,153972,153974],{},"Yes. You can use ",[15,153971,36400],{},[15,153973,52990],{}," arguments to limit the search.",[265,153976,15230,153978,57529,153980,2170],{"id":153977},"is-tupleindex-the-same-as-listindex",[15,153979,149295],{},[15,153981,65189],{},[24,153983,153984],{},"They work in a very similar way, but one is for tuples and the other is for lists.",[80,153986,2232],{"id":2231},[28,153988,153989,153995,153999,154004,154008],{},[31,153990,153991],{},[434,153992,149321,153993,567],{"href":149373},[15,153994,57614],{},[31,153996,153997],{},[434,153998,149763],{"href":153189},[31,154000,154001],{},[434,154002,154003],{"href":151069},"Creating a tuple in Python",[31,154005,154006],{},[434,154007,66163],{"href":66162},[31,154009,154010],{},[434,154011,151017],{"href":152827},[2260,154013,154014],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":90,"searchDepth":130,"depth":130,"links":154016},[154017,154018,154020,154023,154024,154025,154026,154029,154030,154033,154042],{"id":2360,"depth":130,"text":2361},{"id":152734,"depth":130,"text":154019},"What tuple.index() does",{"id":2513,"depth":130,"text":2514,"children":154021},[154022],{"id":17723,"depth":137,"text":17724},{"id":103679,"depth":130,"text":103680},{"id":153164,"depth":130,"text":153165},{"id":65953,"depth":130,"text":65954},{"id":65730,"depth":130,"text":66513,"children":154027},[154028],{"id":153516,"depth":137,"text":153517},{"id":153624,"depth":130,"text":153625},{"id":3185,"depth":130,"text":3186,"children":154031},[154032],{"id":61034,"depth":137,"text":61035},{"id":2159,"depth":130,"text":2160,"children":154034},[154035,154037,154038,154039,154040],{"id":153943,"depth":137,"text":154036},"What does tuple.index() return?",{"id":153951,"depth":137,"text":153952},{"id":149273,"depth":137,"text":149274},{"id":153965,"depth":137,"text":153966},{"id":153977,"depth":137,"text":154041},"Is tuple.index() the same as list.index()?",{"id":2231,"depth":130,"text":2232},"Master python tuple index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method",{"title":152629,"description":154043},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method","hFeA-En5My_vANu8tP2TUrxcbB-PyXux8kIT29TBrmo",{"id":154050,"title":154051,"body":154052,"description":155447,"extension":2319,"meta":155448,"navigation":133,"path":153189,"seo":155449,"stem":155450,"__hash__":155451},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained.md","Python Tuple Indexing Explained",{"type":7,"value":154053,"toc":155429},[154054,154057,154060,154063,154077,154079,154082,154176,154186,154192,154196,154199,154202,154204,154222,154224,154295,154297,154314,154318,154322,154325,154342,154345,154360,154362,154453,154456,154460,154463,154480,154482,154577,154580,154583,154587,154590,154684,154686,154705,154708,154712,154715,154717,154772,154774,154809,154812,154826,154834,154927,154936,154940,154943,154950,154953,155000,155002,155010,155013,155064,155066,155083,155088,155092,155095,155098,155100,155151,155154,155209,155212,155215,155217,155220,155240,155242,155315,155318,155331,155333,155337,155342,155346,155351,155368,155372,155375,155392,155396,155399,155401,155426],[10,154055,154051],{"id":154056},"python-tuple-indexing-explained",[24,154058,154059],{},"Tuple indexing is how you access one item in a tuple by its position.",[24,154061,154062],{},"Use this when you want to read a specific value from a tuple. On this page, the focus is on:",[28,154064,154065,154068,154071,154074],{},[31,154066,154067],{},"positive indexes",[31,154069,154070],{},"negative indexes",[31,154072,154073],{},"common indexing mistakes",[31,154075,154076],{},"what happens when an index does not exist",[80,154078,83],{"id":82},[24,154080,154081],{},"Use square brackets with a number after the tuple name.",[85,154083,154085],{"className":87,"code":154084,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n\nprint(colors[0])   # red\nprint(colors[1])   # green\nprint(colors[-1])  # blue\n",[15,154086,154087,154119,154123,154140,154157],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,154088,154089,154091,154093,154095,154097,154099,154101,154103,154105,154107,154109,154111,154113,154115,154117],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,154090,13402],{"class":100},[94,154092,105],{"class":104},[94,154094,854],{"class":108},[94,154096,332],{"class":331},[94,154098,13419],{"class":335},[94,154100,332],{"class":331},[94,154102,116],{"class":108},[94,154104,1040],{"class":331},[94,154106,17785],{"class":335},[94,154108,332],{"class":331},[94,154110,116],{"class":108},[94,154112,1040],{"class":331},[94,154114,13436],{"class":335},[94,154116,332],{"class":331},[94,154118,316],{"class":108},[94,154120,154121],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,154122,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,154124,154125,154127,154129,154131,154133,154135,154137],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,154126,326],{"class":145},[94,154128,149],{"class":108},[94,154130,17832],{"class":152},[94,154132,539],{"class":108},[94,154134,2476],{"class":112},[94,154136,20777],{"class":108},[94,154138,154139],{"class":159},"   # red\n",[94,154141,154142,154144,154146,154148,154150,154152,154154],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,154143,326],{"class":145},[94,154145,149],{"class":108},[94,154147,17832],{"class":152},[94,154149,539],{"class":108},[94,154151,412],{"class":112},[94,154153,20777],{"class":108},[94,154155,154156],{"class":159},"   # green\n",[94,154158,154159,154161,154163,154165,154167,154169,154171,154173],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,154160,326],{"class":145},[94,154162,149],{"class":108},[94,154164,17832],{"class":152},[94,154166,539],{"class":108},[94,154168,2380],{"class":104},[94,154170,412],{"class":112},[94,154172,20777],{"class":108},[94,154174,154175],{"class":159},"  # blue\n",[28,154177,154178,154183],{},[31,154179,132514,154180,154182],{},[15,154181,2476],{}," is the first item.",[31,154184,154185],{},"Negative indexes count from the end.",[24,154187,154188,154189,168],{},"If you need help creating tuples first, see ",[434,154190,154191],{"href":148093},"how to create a tuple in Python",[80,154193,154195],{"id":154194},"what-tuple-indexing-means","What tuple indexing means",[24,154197,154198],{},"An index is the position of an item in a tuple.",[24,154200,154201],{},"Tuple indexing works because tuples are ordered. That means each item has a fixed position.",[24,154203,11788],{},[28,154205,154206,154209,154216,154219],{},[31,154207,154208],{},"An index tells Python which item you want",[31,154210,154211,154212,19294,154214],{},"Python starts counting at ",[15,154213,2476],{},[15,154215,412],{},[31,154217,154218],{},"Indexing reads one item at a time",[31,154220,154221],{},"The tuple itself does not change when you read from it",[24,154223,2566],{},[85,154225,154227],{"className":87,"code":154226,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[0])\nprint(numbers[1])\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,154228,154229,154249,154253,154267,154281],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,154230,154231,154233,154235,154237,154239,154241,154243,154245,154247],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,154232,101],{"class":100},[94,154234,105],{"class":104},[94,154236,854],{"class":108},[94,154238,2688],{"class":112},[94,154240,116],{"class":108},[94,154242,8124],{"class":112},[94,154244,116],{"class":108},[94,154246,8129],{"class":112},[94,154248,316],{"class":108},[94,154250,154251],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,154252,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,154254,154255,154257,154259,154261,154263,154265],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,154256,326],{"class":145},[94,154258,149],{"class":108},[94,154260,153],{"class":152},[94,154262,539],{"class":108},[94,154264,2476],{"class":112},[94,154266,4234],{"class":108},[94,154268,154269,154271,154273,154275,154277,154279],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,154270,326],{"class":145},[94,154272,149],{"class":108},[94,154274,153],{"class":152},[94,154276,539],{"class":108},[94,154278,412],{"class":112},[94,154280,4234],{"class":108},[94,154282,154283,154285,154287,154289,154291,154293],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,154284,326],{"class":145},[94,154286,149],{"class":108},[94,154288,153],{"class":152},[94,154290,539],{"class":108},[94,154292,763],{"class":112},[94,154294,4234],{"class":108},[24,154296,371],{},[85,154298,154300],{"className":87,"code":154299,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"10\n20\n30\n",[15,154301,154302,154306,154310],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,154303,154304],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,154305,2734],{"class":112},[94,154307,154308],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,154309,71548],{"class":112},[94,154311,154312],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,154313,70164],{"class":112},[24,154315,59717,154316,168],{},[434,154317,148090],{"href":148089},[80,154319,154321],{"id":154320},"how-positive-indexes-work","How positive indexes work",[24,154323,154324],{},"Positive indexes count from the beginning of the tuple.",[28,154326,154327,154332,154337],{},[31,154328,154329,154331],{},[15,154330,2476],{}," = first item",[31,154333,154334,154336],{},[15,154335,412],{}," = second item",[31,154338,154339,154341],{},[15,154340,763],{}," = third item",[24,154343,154344],{},"Pattern:",[85,154346,154348],{"className":87,"code":154347,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"tuple_name[index]\n",[15,154349,154350],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,154351,154352,154354,154356,154358],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,154353,152845],{"class":100},[94,154355,539],{"class":108},[94,154357,36174],{"class":100},[94,154359,127],{"class":108},[24,154361,2566],{},[85,154363,154365],{"className":87,"code":154364,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[0])  # apple\nprint(fruits[1])  # banana\nprint(fruits[2])  # cherry\n",[15,154366,154367,154399,154403,154420,154436],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,154368,154369,154371,154373,154375,154377,154379,154381,154383,154385,154387,154389,154391,154393,154395,154397],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,154370,36567],{"class":100},[94,154372,105],{"class":104},[94,154374,854],{"class":108},[94,154376,332],{"class":331},[94,154378,1332],{"class":335},[94,154380,332],{"class":331},[94,154382,116],{"class":108},[94,154384,1040],{"class":331},[94,154386,4432],{"class":335},[94,154388,332],{"class":331},[94,154390,116],{"class":108},[94,154392,1040],{"class":331},[94,154394,4441],{"class":335},[94,154396,332],{"class":331},[94,154398,316],{"class":108},[94,154400,154401],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,154402,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,154404,154405,154407,154409,154411,154413,154415,154417],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,154406,326],{"class":145},[94,154408,149],{"class":108},[94,154410,36619],{"class":152},[94,154412,539],{"class":108},[94,154414,2476],{"class":112},[94,154416,20777],{"class":108},[94,154418,154419],{"class":159},"  # apple\n",[94,154421,154422,154424,154426,154428,154430,154432,154434],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,154423,326],{"class":145},[94,154425,149],{"class":108},[94,154427,36619],{"class":152},[94,154429,539],{"class":108},[94,154431,412],{"class":112},[94,154433,20777],{"class":108},[94,154435,51815],{"class":159},[94,154437,154438,154440,154442,154444,154446,154448,154450],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,154439,326],{"class":145},[94,154441,149],{"class":108},[94,154443,36619],{"class":152},[94,154445,539],{"class":108},[94,154447,763],{"class":112},[94,154449,20777],{"class":108},[94,154451,154452],{"class":159},"  # cherry\n",[24,154454,154455],{},"This is the most common way to access tuple items when you know the position from the start.",[80,154457,154459],{"id":154458},"how-negative-indexes-work","How negative indexes work",[24,154461,154462],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the tuple.",[28,154464,154465,154470,154475],{},[31,154466,154467,154469],{},[15,154468,66178],{}," = last item",[31,154471,154472,154474],{},[15,154473,95710],{}," = second-to-last item",[31,154476,154477,154479],{},[15,154478,48002],{}," = third-to-last item",[24,154481,2566],{},[85,154483,154485],{"className":87,"code":154484,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[-1])  # cherry\nprint(fruits[-2])  # banana\nprint(fruits[-3])  # apple\n",[15,154486,154487,154519,154523,154541,154559],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,154488,154489,154491,154493,154495,154497,154499,154501,154503,154505,154507,154509,154511,154513,154515,154517],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,154490,36567],{"class":100},[94,154492,105],{"class":104},[94,154494,854],{"class":108},[94,154496,332],{"class":331},[94,154498,1332],{"class":335},[94,154500,332],{"class":331},[94,154502,116],{"class":108},[94,154504,1040],{"class":331},[94,154506,4432],{"class":335},[94,154508,332],{"class":331},[94,154510,116],{"class":108},[94,154512,1040],{"class":331},[94,154514,4441],{"class":335},[94,154516,332],{"class":331},[94,154518,316],{"class":108},[94,154520,154521],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,154522,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,154524,154525,154527,154529,154531,154533,154535,154537,154539],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,154526,326],{"class":145},[94,154528,149],{"class":108},[94,154530,36619],{"class":152},[94,154532,539],{"class":108},[94,154534,2380],{"class":104},[94,154536,412],{"class":112},[94,154538,20777],{"class":108},[94,154540,154452],{"class":159},[94,154542,154543,154545,154547,154549,154551,154553,154555,154557],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,154544,326],{"class":145},[94,154546,149],{"class":108},[94,154548,36619],{"class":152},[94,154550,539],{"class":108},[94,154552,2380],{"class":104},[94,154554,763],{"class":112},[94,154556,20777],{"class":108},[94,154558,51815],{"class":159},[94,154560,154561,154563,154565,154567,154569,154571,154573,154575],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,154562,326],{"class":145},[94,154564,149],{"class":108},[94,154566,36619],{"class":152},[94,154568,539],{"class":108},[94,154570,2380],{"class":104},[94,154572,113],{"class":112},[94,154574,20777],{"class":108},[94,154576,154419],{"class":159},[24,154578,154579],{},"Negative indexing is useful when you need the last item but do not want to calculate its position manually.",[24,154581,154582],{},"This is especially helpful when the tuple size may change.",[80,154584,154586],{"id":154585},"example-with-a-simple-tuple","Example with a simple tuple",[24,154588,154589],{},"Here is a simple example that reads the first, middle, and last item from a tuple.",[85,154591,154593],{"className":87,"code":154592,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"names = (\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\")\n\nprint(names[0])   # first item\nprint(names[1])   # middle item\nprint(names[-1])  # last item\n",[15,154594,154595,154627,154631,154648,154665],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,154596,154597,154599,154601,154603,154605,154607,154609,154611,154613,154615,154617,154619,154621,154623,154625],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,154598,1024],{"class":100},[94,154600,105],{"class":104},[94,154602,854],{"class":108},[94,154604,332],{"class":331},[94,154606,13206],{"class":335},[94,154608,332],{"class":331},[94,154610,116],{"class":108},[94,154612,1040],{"class":331},[94,154614,36268],{"class":335},[94,154616,332],{"class":331},[94,154618,116],{"class":108},[94,154620,1040],{"class":331},[94,154622,36277],{"class":335},[94,154624,332],{"class":331},[94,154626,316],{"class":108},[94,154628,154629],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,154630,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,154632,154633,154635,154637,154639,154641,154643,154645],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,154634,326],{"class":145},[94,154636,149],{"class":108},[94,154638,1065],{"class":152},[94,154640,539],{"class":108},[94,154642,2476],{"class":112},[94,154644,20777],{"class":108},[94,154646,154647],{"class":159},"   # first item\n",[94,154649,154650,154652,154654,154656,154658,154660,154662],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,154651,326],{"class":145},[94,154653,149],{"class":108},[94,154655,1065],{"class":152},[94,154657,539],{"class":108},[94,154659,412],{"class":112},[94,154661,20777],{"class":108},[94,154663,154664],{"class":159},"   # middle item\n",[94,154666,154667,154669,154671,154673,154675,154677,154679,154681],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,154668,326],{"class":145},[94,154670,149],{"class":108},[94,154672,1065],{"class":152},[94,154674,539],{"class":108},[94,154676,2380],{"class":104},[94,154678,412],{"class":112},[94,154680,20777],{"class":108},[94,154682,154683],{"class":159},"  # last item\n",[24,154685,371],{},[85,154687,154689],{"className":87,"code":154688,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"Ana\nBen\nCara\n",[15,154690,154691,154695,154700],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,154692,154693],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,154694,50371],{"class":100},[94,154696,154697],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,154698,154699],{"class":100},"Ben\n",[94,154701,154702],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,154703,154704],{"class":100},"Cara\n",[24,154706,154707],{},"Notice that indexing only reads values. It does not modify the tuple.",[80,154709,154711],{"id":154710},"indexerror-when-the-position-does-not-exist","IndexError when the position does not exist",[24,154713,154714],{},"If you try to access an index that is outside the tuple length, Python raises an error.",[24,154716,2566],{},[85,154718,154720],{"className":87,"code":154719,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(letters[5])\n",[15,154721,154722,154754,154758],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,154723,154724,154726,154728,154730,154732,154734,154736,154738,154740,154742,154744,154746,154748,154750,154752],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,154725,36418],{"class":100},[94,154727,105],{"class":104},[94,154729,854],{"class":108},[94,154731,332],{"class":331},[94,154733,434],{"class":335},[94,154735,332],{"class":331},[94,154737,116],{"class":108},[94,154739,1040],{"class":331},[94,154741,1937],{"class":335},[94,154743,332],{"class":331},[94,154745,116],{"class":108},[94,154747,1040],{"class":331},[94,154749,1946],{"class":335},[94,154751,332],{"class":331},[94,154753,316],{"class":108},[94,154755,154756],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,154757,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,154759,154760,154762,154764,154766,154768,154770],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,154761,326],{"class":145},[94,154763,149],{"class":108},[94,154765,36471],{"class":152},[94,154767,539],{"class":108},[94,154769,615],{"class":112},[94,154771,4234],{"class":108},[24,154773,371],{},[85,154775,154777],{"className":87,"code":154776,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"Traceback (most recent call last):\n  ...\nIndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,154778,154779,154791,154796],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,154780,154781,154784,154786,154789],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,154782,154783],{"class":152},"Traceback ",[94,154785,149],{"class":108},[94,154787,154788],{"class":152},"most recent call last",[94,154790,8676],{"class":108},[94,154792,154793],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,154794,154795],{"class":34784},"  ...\n",[94,154797,154798,154800,154802,154804,154807],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,154799,71055],{"class":913},[94,154801,384],{"class":108},[94,154803,149456],{"class":913},[94,154805,154806],{"class":100}," index out of ",[94,154808,71247],{"class":145},[24,154810,154811],{},"This happens because the tuple has only 3 items, so valid positive indexes are:",[28,154813,154814,154818,154822],{},[31,154815,154816],{},[15,154817,2476],{},[31,154819,154820],{},[15,154821,412],{},[31,154823,154824],{},[15,154825,763],{},[24,154827,154828,154829,168],{},"One simple way to avoid this is to check the length first with ",[434,154830,154831,154833],{"href":149328},[15,154832,42691],{}," on a tuple",[85,154835,154837],{"className":87,"code":154836,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(len(letters))  # 3\n\nif len(letters) > 2:\n    print(letters[2])\n",[15,154838,154839,154871,154875,154891,154895,154913],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,154840,154841,154843,154845,154847,154849,154851,154853,154855,154857,154859,154861,154863,154865,154867,154869],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,154842,36418],{"class":100},[94,154844,105],{"class":104},[94,154846,854],{"class":108},[94,154848,332],{"class":331},[94,154850,434],{"class":335},[94,154852,332],{"class":331},[94,154854,116],{"class":108},[94,154856,1040],{"class":331},[94,154858,1937],{"class":335},[94,154860,332],{"class":331},[94,154862,116],{"class":108},[94,154864,1040],{"class":331},[94,154866,1946],{"class":335},[94,154868,332],{"class":331},[94,154870,316],{"class":108},[94,154872,154873],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,154874,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,154876,154877,154879,154881,154883,154885,154887,154889],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,154878,326],{"class":145},[94,154880,149],{"class":108},[94,154882,11490],{"class":145},[94,154884,149],{"class":108},[94,154886,36471],{"class":152},[94,154888,5693],{"class":108},[94,154890,51101],{"class":159},[94,154892,154893],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,154894,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,154896,154897,154899,154901,154903,154905,154907,154909,154911],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,154898,7330],{"class":4221},[94,154900,38716],{"class":145},[94,154902,149],{"class":108},[94,154904,36471],{"class":152},[94,154906,156],{"class":108},[94,154908,38726],{"class":104},[94,154910,124],{"class":112},[94,154912,6726],{"class":108},[94,154914,154915,154917,154919,154921,154923,154925],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,154916,8404],{"class":145},[94,154918,149],{"class":108},[94,154920,36471],{"class":152},[94,154922,539],{"class":108},[94,154924,763],{"class":112},[94,154926,4234],{"class":108},[24,154928,154929,154930,168],{},"If you are dealing with this error now, see ",[434,154931,26011,154933],{"href":154932},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix\u002F",[15,154934,154935],{},"IndexError: tuple index out of range",[80,154937,154939],{"id":154938},"tuple-indexing-vs-tuple-slicing","Tuple indexing vs tuple slicing",[24,154941,154942],{},"Indexing and slicing are related, but they are not the same.",[28,154944,154945,154947],{},[31,154946,77191],{},[31,154948,154949],{},"Slicing gets a range of items",[24,154951,154952],{},"Indexing example:",[85,154954,154956],{"className":87,"code":154955,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1])\n",[15,154957,154958,154982,154986],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,154959,154960,154962,154964,154966,154968,154970,154972,154974,154976,154978,154980],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,154961,101],{"class":100},[94,154963,105],{"class":104},[94,154965,854],{"class":108},[94,154967,2688],{"class":112},[94,154969,116],{"class":108},[94,154971,8124],{"class":112},[94,154973,116],{"class":108},[94,154975,8129],{"class":112},[94,154977,116],{"class":108},[94,154979,51174],{"class":112},[94,154981,316],{"class":108},[94,154983,154984],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,154985,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,154987,154988,154990,154992,154994,154996,154998],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,154989,326],{"class":145},[94,154991,149],{"class":108},[94,154993,153],{"class":152},[94,154995,539],{"class":108},[94,154997,412],{"class":112},[94,154999,4234],{"class":108},[24,155001,371],{},[85,155003,155004],{"className":87,"code":71548,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,155005,155006],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,155007,155008],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,155009,71548],{"class":112},[24,155011,155012],{},"Slicing example:",[85,155014,155016],{"className":87,"code":155015,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,155017,155018,155042,155046],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,155019,155020,155022,155024,155026,155028,155030,155032,155034,155036,155038,155040],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,155021,101],{"class":100},[94,155023,105],{"class":104},[94,155025,854],{"class":108},[94,155027,2688],{"class":112},[94,155029,116],{"class":108},[94,155031,8124],{"class":112},[94,155033,116],{"class":108},[94,155035,8129],{"class":112},[94,155037,116],{"class":108},[94,155039,51174],{"class":112},[94,155041,316],{"class":108},[94,155043,155044],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,155045,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,155047,155048,155050,155052,155054,155056,155058,155060,155062],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,155049,326],{"class":145},[94,155051,149],{"class":108},[94,155053,153],{"class":152},[94,155055,539],{"class":108},[94,155057,412],{"class":112},[94,155059,384],{"class":108},[94,155061,113],{"class":112},[94,155063,4234],{"class":108},[24,155065,371],{},[85,155067,155069],{"className":87,"code":155068,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"(20, 30)\n",[15,155070,155071],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,155072,155073,155075,155077,155079,155081],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,155074,149],{"class":108},[94,155076,16082],{"class":112},[94,155078,116],{"class":108},[94,155080,8129],{"class":112},[94,155082,316],{"class":108},[24,155084,155085,155086,168],{},"This page focuses on getting one item by position. If you want to get multiple items, see ",[434,155087,151007],{"href":151006},[80,155089,155091],{"id":155090},"important-beginner-note-about-tuples","Important beginner note about tuples",[24,155093,155094],{},"You can read tuple items by index, but you cannot change them by index.",[24,155096,155097],{},"Tuples are immutable. That means their values cannot be changed after creation.",[24,155099,7020],{},[85,155101,155103],{"className":87,"code":155102,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors[1])\n",[15,155104,155105,155137],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,155106,155107,155109,155111,155113,155115,155117,155119,155121,155123,155125,155127,155129,155131,155133,155135],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,155108,13402],{"class":100},[94,155110,105],{"class":104},[94,155112,854],{"class":108},[94,155114,332],{"class":331},[94,155116,13419],{"class":335},[94,155118,332],{"class":331},[94,155120,116],{"class":108},[94,155122,1040],{"class":331},[94,155124,17785],{"class":335},[94,155126,332],{"class":331},[94,155128,116],{"class":108},[94,155130,1040],{"class":331},[94,155132,13436],{"class":335},[94,155134,332],{"class":331},[94,155136,316],{"class":108},[94,155138,155139,155141,155143,155145,155147,155149],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,155140,326],{"class":145},[94,155142,149],{"class":108},[94,155144,17832],{"class":152},[94,155146,539],{"class":108},[94,155148,412],{"class":112},[94,155150,4234],{"class":108},[24,155152,155153],{},"But this does not work:",[85,155155,155157],{"className":87,"code":155156,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\ncolors[1] = \"yellow\"\n",[15,155158,155159,155191],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,155160,155161,155163,155165,155167,155169,155171,155173,155175,155177,155179,155181,155183,155185,155187,155189],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,155162,13402],{"class":100},[94,155164,105],{"class":104},[94,155166,854],{"class":108},[94,155168,332],{"class":331},[94,155170,13419],{"class":335},[94,155172,332],{"class":331},[94,155174,116],{"class":108},[94,155176,1040],{"class":331},[94,155178,17785],{"class":335},[94,155180,332],{"class":331},[94,155182,116],{"class":108},[94,155184,1040],{"class":331},[94,155186,13436],{"class":335},[94,155188,332],{"class":331},[94,155190,316],{"class":108},[94,155192,155193,155195,155197,155199,155201,155203,155205,155207],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,155194,17832],{"class":100},[94,155196,539],{"class":108},[94,155198,412],{"class":112},[94,155200,13600],{"class":108},[94,155202,13603],{"class":104},[94,155204,1040],{"class":331},[94,155206,22855],{"class":335},[94,155208,1812],{"class":331},[24,155210,155211],{},"Python will raise an error because tuple items cannot be reassigned.",[24,155213,155214],{},"If you need a collection where items can be changed, use a list instead.",[80,155216,3186],{"id":3185},[24,155218,155219],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with tuple indexing:",[28,155221,155222,155228,155231,155234],{},[31,155223,132818,155224,11420,155226],{},[15,155225,412],{},[15,155227,2476],{},[31,155229,155230],{},"Using an index that is too large",[31,155232,155233],{},"Confusing negative indexes with subtraction",[31,155235,155236,155237],{},"Trying to assign a new value to ",[15,155238,155239],{},"tuple[index]",[24,155241,62620],{},[85,155243,155245],{"className":87,"code":155244,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(my_tuple[0])\nprint(my_tuple[-1])\nprint(type(my_tuple))\n",[15,155246,155247,155257,155271,155285,155301],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,155248,155249,155251,155253,155255],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,155250,326],{"class":145},[94,155252,149],{"class":108},[94,155254,148108],{"class":152},[94,155256,316],{"class":108},[94,155258,155259,155261,155263,155265,155267,155269],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,155260,326],{"class":145},[94,155262,149],{"class":108},[94,155264,11490],{"class":145},[94,155266,149],{"class":108},[94,155268,148108],{"class":152},[94,155270,921],{"class":108},[94,155272,155273,155275,155277,155279,155281,155283],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,155274,326],{"class":145},[94,155276,149],{"class":108},[94,155278,148108],{"class":152},[94,155280,539],{"class":108},[94,155282,2476],{"class":112},[94,155284,4234],{"class":108},[94,155286,155287,155289,155291,155293,155295,155297,155299],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,155288,326],{"class":145},[94,155290,149],{"class":108},[94,155292,148108],{"class":152},[94,155294,539],{"class":108},[94,155296,2380],{"class":104},[94,155298,412],{"class":112},[94,155300,4234],{"class":108},[94,155302,155303,155305,155307,155309,155311,155313],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,155304,326],{"class":145},[94,155306,149],{"class":108},[94,155308,914],{"class":913},[94,155310,149],{"class":108},[94,155312,148108],{"class":152},[94,155314,921],{"class":108},[24,155316,155317],{},"These can help you confirm:",[28,155319,155320,155323,155325,155328],{},[31,155321,155322],{},"what the tuple contains",[31,155324,61109],{},[31,155326,155327],{},"what the first and last items are",[31,155329,155330],{},"whether the variable is really a tuple",[80,155332,2160],{"id":2159},[265,155334,155336],{"id":155335},"does-tuple-indexing-start-at-0","Does tuple indexing start at 0?",[24,155338,155339,155340,168],{},"Yes. The first item is at index ",[15,155341,2476],{},[265,155343,155345],{"id":155344},"how-do-i-get-the-last-item-in-a-tuple","How do I get the last item in a tuple?",[24,155347,54,155348,155350],{},[15,155349,66178],{}," as the index:",[85,155352,155354],{"className":87,"code":155353,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"my_tuple[-1]\n",[15,155355,155356],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,155357,155358,155360,155362,155364,155366],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,155359,148108],{"class":100},[94,155361,539],{"class":108},[94,155363,2380],{"class":104},[94,155365,412],{"class":112},[94,155367,127],{"class":108},[265,155369,155371],{"id":155370},"what-happens-if-i-use-an-invalid-index","What happens if I use an invalid index?",[24,155373,155374],{},"Python raises:",[85,155376,155378],{"className":87,"code":155377,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"IndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,155379,155380],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,155381,155382,155384,155386,155388,155390],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,155383,71055],{"class":913},[94,155385,384],{"class":108},[94,155387,149456],{"class":913},[94,155389,154806],{"class":100},[94,155391,71247],{"class":145},[265,155393,155395],{"id":155394},"can-i-change-a-tuple-item-using-its-index","Can I change a tuple item using its index?",[24,155397,155398],{},"No. Tuples are immutable, so indexed assignment is not allowed.",[80,155400,2232],{"id":2231},[28,155402,155403,155408,155412,155416,155422],{},[31,155404,155405],{},[434,155406,155407],{"href":148093},"How to create a tuple in Python",[31,155409,155410],{},[434,155411,151007],{"href":151006},[31,155413,155414],{},[434,155415,151012],{"href":149328},[31,155417,155418],{},[434,155419,26453,155420],{"href":154932},[15,155421,154935],{},[31,155423,155424],{},[434,155425,148090],{"href":148089},[2260,155427,155428],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":90,"searchDepth":130,"depth":130,"links":155430},[155431,155432,155433,155434,155435,155436,155437,155438,155439,155440,155446],{"id":82,"depth":130,"text":83},{"id":154194,"depth":130,"text":154195},{"id":154320,"depth":130,"text":154321},{"id":154458,"depth":130,"text":154459},{"id":154585,"depth":130,"text":154586},{"id":154710,"depth":130,"text":154711},{"id":154938,"depth":130,"text":154939},{"id":155090,"depth":130,"text":155091},{"id":3185,"depth":130,"text":3186},{"id":2159,"depth":130,"text":2160,"children":155441},[155442,155443,155444,155445],{"id":155335,"depth":137,"text":155336},{"id":155344,"depth":137,"text":155345},{"id":155370,"depth":137,"text":155371},{"id":155394,"depth":137,"text":155395},{"id":2231,"depth":130,"text":2232},"Master python tuple indexing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":154051,"description":155447},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained","oh8flZok-CuLGMVXExWuVV18PBZcnk3hpgYpNXAAb9g",{"id":155453,"title":155454,"body":155455,"description":157344,"extension":2319,"meta":157345,"navigation":133,"path":157346,"seo":157347,"stem":157348,"__hash__":157349},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len.md","Python Tuple Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":155456,"toc":157301},[155457,155463,155468,155519,155523,155531,155537,155539,155555,155557,155560,155575,155577,155590,155592,155649,155653,155661,155668,155674,155680,155684,155735,155739,155747,155751,155780,155784,155792,155796,155829,155833,155841,155845,155848,155899,155903,155911,155913,155930,155934,155938,155997,156001,156009,156012,156039,156043,156051,156055,156061,156136,156140,156177,156185,156189,156252,156256,156264,156269,156273,156279,156322,156326,156334,156340,156343,156390,156394,156402,156411,156417,156472,156476,156484,156487,156491,156493,156524,156528,156547,156550,156595,156599,156622,156628,156633,156635,156682,156687,156690,156738,156742,156750,156754,156759,156763,156813,156817,156832,156836,156894,156898,156913,156917,156988,156992,157001,157005,157084,157088,157110,157118,157120,157123,157148,157150,157203,157205,157222,157224,157228,157234,157239,157244,157248,157253,157257,157262,157268,157271,157273,157298],[10,155458,155460,155461,156],{"id":155459},"python-tuple-length-len","Python Tuple Length (",[15,155462,11490],{},[24,155464,54,155465,155467],{},[15,155466,42691],{}," to get the number of items in a tuple.",[85,155469,155471],{"className":87,"code":155470,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,155472,155473,155505],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,155474,155475,155477,155479,155481,155483,155485,155487,155489,155491,155493,155495,155497,155499,155501,155503],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,155476,13402],{"class":100},[94,155478,105],{"class":104},[94,155480,854],{"class":108},[94,155482,332],{"class":331},[94,155484,13419],{"class":335},[94,155486,332],{"class":331},[94,155488,116],{"class":108},[94,155490,1040],{"class":331},[94,155492,17785],{"class":335},[94,155494,332],{"class":331},[94,155496,116],{"class":108},[94,155498,1040],{"class":331},[94,155500,13436],{"class":335},[94,155502,332],{"class":331},[94,155504,316],{"class":108},[94,155506,155507,155509,155511,155513,155515,155517],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,155508,326],{"class":145},[94,155510,149],{"class":108},[94,155512,11490],{"class":145},[94,155514,149],{"class":108},[94,155516,17832],{"class":152},[94,155518,921],{"class":108},[24,155520,155521],{},[43,155522,371],{},[85,155524,155525],{"className":87,"code":46948,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,155526,155527],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,155528,155529],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,155530,46948],{"class":112},[24,155532,54,155533,155536],{},[15,155534,155535],{},"len(tuple_name)"," to count how many items are in a tuple.",[80,155538,15490],{"id":15489},[28,155540,155541,155546,155550,155553],{},[31,155542,4542,155543,155545],{},[15,155544,42691],{}," works with tuples",[31,155547,68582,155548,2114],{},[15,155549,42691],{},[31,155551,155552],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty tuples",[31,155554,4862],{},[80,155556,2514],{"id":2513},[24,155558,155559],{},"Use this pattern:",[85,155561,155563],{"className":87,"code":155562,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"len(my_tuple)\n",[15,155564,155565],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,155566,155567,155569,155571,155573],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,155568,11490],{"class":145},[94,155570,149],{"class":108},[94,155572,148108],{"class":152},[94,155574,316],{"class":108},[24,155576,11788],{},[28,155578,155579,155582,155585],{},[31,155580,155581],{},"Pass the tuple inside the parentheses",[31,155583,155584],{},"The result is an integer",[31,155586,155587,155589],{},[15,155588,42691],{}," does not change the tuple",[24,155591,2566],{},[85,155593,155595],{"className":87,"code":155594,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\ncount = len(numbers)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,155596,155597,155621,155635,155639],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,155598,155599,155601,155603,155605,155607,155609,155611,155613,155615,155617,155619],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,155600,101],{"class":100},[94,155602,105],{"class":104},[94,155604,854],{"class":108},[94,155606,2688],{"class":112},[94,155608,116],{"class":108},[94,155610,8124],{"class":112},[94,155612,116],{"class":108},[94,155614,8129],{"class":112},[94,155616,116],{"class":108},[94,155618,51174],{"class":112},[94,155620,316],{"class":108},[94,155622,155623,155625,155627,155629,155631,155633],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,155624,41572],{"class":100},[94,155626,105],{"class":104},[94,155628,38716],{"class":145},[94,155630,149],{"class":108},[94,155632,153],{"class":152},[94,155634,316],{"class":108},[94,155636,155637],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,155638,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,155640,155641,155643,155645,155647],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,155642,326],{"class":145},[94,155644,149],{"class":108},[94,155646,41590],{"class":152},[94,155648,316],{"class":108},[24,155650,155651],{},[43,155652,371],{},[85,155654,155655],{"className":87,"code":48982,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,155656,155657],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,155658,155659],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,155660,48982],{"class":112},[24,155662,155663,155664,168],{},"If you want a broader explanation of this built-in function, see ",[434,155665,13,155666,439],{"href":42688},[15,155667,42691],{},[80,155669,215,155671,155673],{"id":155670},"what-len-returns-for-a-tuple",[15,155672,42691],{}," returns for a tuple",[24,155675,155676,155677,155679],{},"For a tuple, ",[15,155678,42691],{}," returns the number of items in the tuple.",[265,155681,155683],{"id":155682},"regular-tuple","Regular tuple",[85,155685,155687],{"className":87,"code":155686,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\nprint(len(fruits))\n",[15,155688,155689,155721],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,155690,155691,155693,155695,155697,155699,155701,155703,155705,155707,155709,155711,155713,155715,155717,155719],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,155692,36567],{"class":100},[94,155694,105],{"class":104},[94,155696,854],{"class":108},[94,155698,332],{"class":331},[94,155700,1332],{"class":335},[94,155702,332],{"class":331},[94,155704,116],{"class":108},[94,155706,1040],{"class":331},[94,155708,4432],{"class":335},[94,155710,332],{"class":331},[94,155712,116],{"class":108},[94,155714,1040],{"class":331},[94,155716,33552],{"class":335},[94,155718,332],{"class":331},[94,155720,316],{"class":108},[94,155722,155723,155725,155727,155729,155731,155733],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,155724,326],{"class":145},[94,155726,149],{"class":108},[94,155728,11490],{"class":145},[94,155730,149],{"class":108},[94,155732,36619],{"class":152},[94,155734,921],{"class":108},[24,155736,155737],{},[43,155738,371],{},[85,155740,155741],{"className":87,"code":46948,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,155742,155743],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,155744,155745],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,155746,46948],{"class":112},[265,155748,155750],{"id":155749},"empty-tuple","Empty tuple",[85,155752,155754],{"className":87,"code":155753,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"empty_tuple = ()\nprint(len(empty_tuple))\n",[15,155755,155756,155765],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,155757,155758,155761,155763],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,155759,155760],{"class":100},"empty_tuple ",[94,155762,105],{"class":104},[94,155764,149432],{"class":108},[94,155766,155767,155769,155771,155773,155775,155778],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,155768,326],{"class":145},[94,155770,149],{"class":108},[94,155772,11490],{"class":145},[94,155774,149],{"class":108},[94,155776,155777],{"class":152},"empty_tuple",[94,155779,921],{"class":108},[24,155781,155782],{},[43,155783,371],{},[85,155785,155786],{"className":87,"code":47583,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,155787,155788],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,155789,155790],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,155791,47583],{"class":112},[265,155793,155795],{"id":155794},"one-item-tuple","One-item tuple",[85,155797,155799],{"className":87,"code":155798,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"single_value = (5,)\nprint(len(single_value))\n",[15,155800,155801,155814],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,155802,155803,155806,155808,155810,155812],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,155804,155805],{"class":100},"single_value ",[94,155807,105],{"class":104},[94,155809,854],{"class":108},[94,155811,615],{"class":112},[94,155813,149446],{"class":108},[94,155815,155816,155818,155820,155822,155824,155827],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,155817,326],{"class":145},[94,155819,149],{"class":108},[94,155821,11490],{"class":145},[94,155823,149],{"class":108},[94,155825,155826],{"class":152},"single_value",[94,155828,921],{"class":108},[24,155830,155831],{},[43,155832,371],{},[85,155834,155835],{"className":87,"code":47248,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,155836,155837],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,155838,155839],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,155840,47248],{"class":112},[265,155842,155844],{"id":155843},"nested-items","Nested items",[24,155846,155847],{},"Nested values still count as one top-level item each.",[85,155849,155851],{"className":87,"code":155850,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"data = (1, (2, 3), [4, 5])\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,155852,155853,155885],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,155854,155855,155857,155859,155861,155863,155865,155867,155869,155871,155873,155875,155877,155879,155881,155883],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,155856,9499],{"class":100},[94,155858,105],{"class":104},[94,155860,854],{"class":108},[94,155862,412],{"class":112},[94,155864,116],{"class":108},[94,155866,854],{"class":108},[94,155868,763],{"class":112},[94,155870,116],{"class":108},[94,155872,421],{"class":112},[94,155874,9566],{"class":108},[94,155876,109],{"class":108},[94,155878,857],{"class":112},[94,155880,116],{"class":108},[94,155882,772],{"class":112},[94,155884,4234],{"class":108},[94,155886,155887,155889,155891,155893,155895,155897],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,155888,326],{"class":145},[94,155890,149],{"class":108},[94,155892,11490],{"class":145},[94,155894,149],{"class":108},[94,155896,9537],{"class":152},[94,155898,921],{"class":108},[24,155900,155901],{},[43,155902,371],{},[85,155904,155905],{"className":87,"code":46948,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,155906,155907],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,155908,155909],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,155910,46948],{"class":112},[24,155912,20288],{},[28,155914,155915,155920,155925],{},[31,155916,155917,155919],{},[15,155918,412],{}," is one item",[31,155921,155922,155919],{},[15,155923,155924],{},"(2, 3)",[31,155926,155927,155919],{},[15,155928,155929],{},"[4, 5]",[80,155931,155933],{"id":155932},"important-tuple-examples","Important tuple examples",[265,155935,155937],{"id":155936},"regular-tuple-with-several-values","Regular tuple with several values",[85,155939,155941],{"className":87,"code":155940,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", \"yellow\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,155942,155943,155983],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,155944,155945,155947,155949,155951,155953,155955,155957,155959,155961,155963,155965,155967,155969,155971,155973,155975,155977,155979,155981],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,155946,13402],{"class":100},[94,155948,105],{"class":104},[94,155950,854],{"class":108},[94,155952,332],{"class":331},[94,155954,13419],{"class":335},[94,155956,332],{"class":331},[94,155958,116],{"class":108},[94,155960,1040],{"class":331},[94,155962,17785],{"class":335},[94,155964,332],{"class":331},[94,155966,116],{"class":108},[94,155968,1040],{"class":331},[94,155970,13436],{"class":335},[94,155972,332],{"class":331},[94,155974,116],{"class":108},[94,155976,1040],{"class":331},[94,155978,22855],{"class":335},[94,155980,332],{"class":331},[94,155982,316],{"class":108},[94,155984,155985,155987,155989,155991,155993,155995],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,155986,326],{"class":145},[94,155988,149],{"class":108},[94,155990,11490],{"class":145},[94,155992,149],{"class":108},[94,155994,17832],{"class":152},[94,155996,921],{"class":108},[24,155998,155999],{},[43,156000,371],{},[85,156002,156003],{"className":87,"code":48982,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,156004,156005],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,156006,156007],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,156008,48982],{"class":112},[265,156010,155750],{"id":156011},"empty-tuple-1",[85,156013,156015],{"className":87,"code":156014,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"items = ()\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,156016,156017,156025],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,156018,156019,156021,156023],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,156020,8113],{"class":100},[94,156022,105],{"class":104},[94,156024,149432],{"class":108},[94,156026,156027,156029,156031,156033,156035,156037],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,156028,326],{"class":145},[94,156030,149],{"class":108},[94,156032,11490],{"class":145},[94,156034,149],{"class":108},[94,156036,8144],{"class":152},[94,156038,921],{"class":108},[24,156040,156041],{},[43,156042,371],{},[85,156044,156045],{"className":87,"code":47583,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,156046,156047],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,156048,156049],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,156050,47583],{"class":112},[265,156052,156054],{"id":156053},"single-item-tuple-with-trailing-comma","Single-item tuple with trailing comma",[24,156056,156057,156058,156060],{},"A single value in parentheses is ",[43,156059,45],{}," always a tuple.",[85,156062,156064],{"className":87,"code":156063,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"a = (5)\nb = (5,)\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\nprint(len(b))\n",[15,156065,156066,156078,156090,156094,156108,156122],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,156067,156068,156070,156072,156074,156076],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,156069,635],{"class":100},[94,156071,105],{"class":104},[94,156073,854],{"class":108},[94,156075,615],{"class":112},[94,156077,316],{"class":108},[94,156079,156080,156082,156084,156086,156088],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,156081,2937],{"class":100},[94,156083,105],{"class":104},[94,156085,854],{"class":108},[94,156087,615],{"class":112},[94,156089,149446],{"class":108},[94,156091,156092],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,156093,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,156095,156096,156098,156100,156102,156104,156106],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,156097,326],{"class":145},[94,156099,149],{"class":108},[94,156101,914],{"class":913},[94,156103,149],{"class":108},[94,156105,434],{"class":152},[94,156107,921],{"class":108},[94,156109,156110,156112,156114,156116,156118,156120],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,156111,326],{"class":145},[94,156113,149],{"class":108},[94,156115,914],{"class":913},[94,156117,149],{"class":108},[94,156119,1937],{"class":152},[94,156121,921],{"class":108},[94,156123,156124,156126,156128,156130,156132,156134],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,156125,326],{"class":145},[94,156127,149],{"class":108},[94,156129,11490],{"class":145},[94,156131,149],{"class":108},[94,156133,1937],{"class":152},[94,156135,921],{"class":108},[24,156137,156138],{},[43,156139,371],{},[85,156141,156143],{"className":87,"code":156142,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,156144,156145,156159,156173],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,156146,156147,156149,156151,156153,156155,156157],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,156148,955],{"class":104},[94,156150,959],{"class":958},[94,156152,962],{"class":331},[94,156154,2546],{"class":335},[94,156156,968],{"class":331},[94,156158,971],{"class":104},[94,156160,156161,156163,156165,156167,156169,156171],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,156162,955],{"class":104},[94,156164,959],{"class":958},[94,156166,962],{"class":331},[94,156168,49284],{"class":335},[94,156170,968],{"class":331},[94,156172,971],{"class":104},[94,156174,156175],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,156176,47248],{"class":112},[24,156178,156179,156180,1139,156183,168],{},"If you are new to tuple syntax, see ",[434,156181,156182],{"href":148093},"Python tuple: creating a tuple",[434,156184,149394],{"href":149393},[265,156186,156188],{"id":156187},"tuple-containing-lists-or-other-tuples","Tuple containing lists or other tuples",[85,156190,156192],{"className":87,"code":156191,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"mixed = (\"apple\", [1, 2], (\"x\", \"y\"))\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,156193,156194,156238],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,156195,156196,156198,156200,156202,156204,156206,156208,156210,156212,156214,156216,156218,156220,156222,156224,156226,156228,156230,156232,156234,156236],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,156197,59797],{"class":100},[94,156199,105],{"class":104},[94,156201,854],{"class":108},[94,156203,332],{"class":331},[94,156205,1332],{"class":335},[94,156207,332],{"class":331},[94,156209,116],{"class":108},[94,156211,109],{"class":108},[94,156213,412],{"class":112},[94,156215,116],{"class":108},[94,156217,124],{"class":112},[94,156219,18392],{"class":108},[94,156221,854],{"class":108},[94,156223,332],{"class":331},[94,156225,2531],{"class":335},[94,156227,332],{"class":331},[94,156229,116],{"class":108},[94,156231,1040],{"class":331},[94,156233,12075],{"class":335},[94,156235,332],{"class":331},[94,156237,921],{"class":108},[94,156239,156240,156242,156244,156246,156248,156250],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,156241,326],{"class":145},[94,156243,149],{"class":108},[94,156245,11490],{"class":145},[94,156247,149],{"class":108},[94,156249,59850],{"class":152},[94,156251,921],{"class":108},[24,156253,156254],{},[43,156255,371],{},[85,156257,156258],{"className":87,"code":46948,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,156259,156260],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,156261,156262],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,156263,46948],{"class":112},[24,156265,156266,156268],{},[15,156267,42691],{}," counts the outer tuple's items only.",[80,156270,156272],{"id":156271},"things-beginners-often-misunderstand","Things beginners often misunderstand",[265,156274,156276,156278],{"id":156275},"len-counts-items-not-characters-inside-strings",[15,156277,42691],{}," counts items, not characters inside strings",[85,156280,156282],{"className":87,"code":156281,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,156283,156284,156308],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,156285,156286,156288,156290,156292,156294,156296,156298,156300,156302,156304,156306],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,156287,1314],{"class":100},[94,156289,105],{"class":104},[94,156291,854],{"class":108},[94,156293,332],{"class":331},[94,156295,63920],{"class":335},[94,156297,332],{"class":331},[94,156299,116],{"class":108},[94,156301,1040],{"class":331},[94,156303,89],{"class":335},[94,156305,332],{"class":331},[94,156307,316],{"class":108},[94,156309,156310,156312,156314,156316,156318,156320],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,156311,326],{"class":145},[94,156313,149],{"class":108},[94,156315,11490],{"class":145},[94,156317,149],{"class":108},[94,156319,1362],{"class":152},[94,156321,921],{"class":108},[24,156323,156324],{},[43,156325,371],{},[85,156327,156328],{"className":87,"code":17385,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,156329,156330],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,156331,156332],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,156333,17385],{"class":112},[24,156335,156336,156337,156339],{},"This result is ",[15,156338,763],{}," because the tuple has two items.",[24,156341,156342],{},"If you check the length of one string item, that is different:",[85,156344,156346],{"className":87,"code":156345,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words[0]))\n",[15,156347,156348,156372],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,156349,156350,156352,156354,156356,156358,156360,156362,156364,156366,156368,156370],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,156351,1314],{"class":100},[94,156353,105],{"class":104},[94,156355,854],{"class":108},[94,156357,332],{"class":331},[94,156359,63920],{"class":335},[94,156361,332],{"class":331},[94,156363,116],{"class":108},[94,156365,1040],{"class":331},[94,156367,89],{"class":335},[94,156369,332],{"class":331},[94,156371,316],{"class":108},[94,156373,156374,156376,156378,156380,156382,156384,156386,156388],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,156375,326],{"class":145},[94,156377,149],{"class":108},[94,156379,11490],{"class":145},[94,156381,149],{"class":108},[94,156383,1362],{"class":152},[94,156385,539],{"class":108},[94,156387,2476],{"class":112},[94,156389,3355],{"class":108},[24,156391,156392],{},[43,156393,371],{},[85,156395,156396],{"className":87,"code":17385,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,156397,156398],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,156399,156400],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,156401,17385],{"class":112},[24,156403,21102,156404,156407,156408,168],{},[15,156405,156406],{},"len(words[0])"," counts the characters in ",[15,156409,156410],{},"\"hi\"",[265,156412,156414,156416],{"id":156413},"len-counts-top-level-tuple-elements-only",[15,156415,42691],{}," counts top-level tuple elements only",[85,156418,156420],{"className":87,"code":156419,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"values = ((1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6))\nprint(len(values))\n",[15,156421,156422,156458],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,156423,156424,156426,156428,156430,156432,156434,156436,156438,156440,156442,156444,156446,156448,156450,156452,156454,156456],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,156425,4167],{"class":100},[94,156427,105],{"class":104},[94,156429,10327],{"class":108},[94,156431,412],{"class":112},[94,156433,116],{"class":108},[94,156435,124],{"class":112},[94,156437,9566],{"class":108},[94,156439,854],{"class":108},[94,156441,113],{"class":112},[94,156443,116],{"class":108},[94,156445,624],{"class":112},[94,156447,9566],{"class":108},[94,156449,854],{"class":108},[94,156451,615],{"class":112},[94,156453,116],{"class":108},[94,156455,37973],{"class":112},[94,156457,921],{"class":108},[94,156459,156460,156462,156464,156466,156468,156470],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,156461,326],{"class":145},[94,156463,149],{"class":108},[94,156465,11490],{"class":145},[94,156467,149],{"class":108},[94,156469,5690],{"class":152},[94,156471,921],{"class":108},[24,156473,156474],{},[43,156475,371],{},[85,156477,156478],{"className":87,"code":46948,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,156479,156480],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,156481,156482],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,156483,46948],{"class":112},[24,156485,156486],{},"The outer tuple contains three items.",[265,156488,156490],{"id":156489},"parentheses-alone-do-not-always-create-a-one-item-tuple","Parentheses alone do not always create a one-item tuple",[24,156492,26022],{},[85,156494,156496],{"className":87,"code":156495,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"value = (10)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,156497,156498,156510],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,156499,156500,156502,156504,156506,156508],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,156501,2804],{"class":100},[94,156503,105],{"class":104},[94,156505,854],{"class":108},[94,156507,2688],{"class":112},[94,156509,316],{"class":108},[94,156511,156512,156514,156516,156518,156520,156522],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,156513,326],{"class":145},[94,156515,149],{"class":108},[94,156517,914],{"class":913},[94,156519,149],{"class":108},[94,156521,2829],{"class":152},[94,156523,921],{"class":108},[24,156525,156526],{},[43,156527,371],{},[85,156529,156531],{"className":87,"code":156530,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,156532,156533],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,156534,156535,156537,156539,156541,156543,156545],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,156536,955],{"class":104},[94,156538,959],{"class":958},[94,156540,962],{"class":331},[94,156542,2546],{"class":335},[94,156544,968],{"class":331},[94,156546,971],{"class":104},[24,156548,156549],{},"To make a one-item tuple, add a comma:",[85,156551,156553],{"className":87,"code":156552,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"value = (10,)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,156554,156555,156567,156581],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,156556,156557,156559,156561,156563,156565],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,156558,2804],{"class":100},[94,156560,105],{"class":104},[94,156562,854],{"class":108},[94,156564,2688],{"class":112},[94,156566,149446],{"class":108},[94,156568,156569,156571,156573,156575,156577,156579],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,156570,326],{"class":145},[94,156572,149],{"class":108},[94,156574,914],{"class":913},[94,156576,149],{"class":108},[94,156578,2829],{"class":152},[94,156580,921],{"class":108},[94,156582,156583,156585,156587,156589,156591,156593],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,156584,326],{"class":145},[94,156586,149],{"class":108},[94,156588,11490],{"class":145},[94,156590,149],{"class":108},[94,156592,2829],{"class":152},[94,156594,921],{"class":108},[24,156596,156597],{},[43,156598,371],{},[85,156600,156602],{"className":87,"code":156601,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,156603,156604,156618],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,156605,156606,156608,156610,156612,156614,156616],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,156607,955],{"class":104},[94,156609,959],{"class":958},[94,156611,962],{"class":331},[94,156613,49284],{"class":335},[94,156615,968],{"class":331},[94,156617,971],{"class":104},[94,156619,156620],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,156621,47248],{"class":112},[265,156623,156625,156627],{"id":156624},"len-is-a-function-name-and-should-not-be-overwritten",[15,156626,11490],{}," is a function name and should not be overwritten",[24,156629,44760,156630,156632],{},[15,156631,11490],{}," as a variable name.",[24,156634,44791],{},[85,156636,156638],{"className":87,"code":156637,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"len = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,156639,156640,156648,156668],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,156641,156642,156644,156646],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,156643,11490],{"class":145},[94,156645,13603],{"class":104},[94,156647,2942],{"class":112},[94,156649,156650,156652,156654,156656,156658,156660,156662,156664,156666],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,156651,101],{"class":100},[94,156653,105],{"class":104},[94,156655,854],{"class":108},[94,156657,412],{"class":112},[94,156659,116],{"class":108},[94,156661,124],{"class":112},[94,156663,116],{"class":108},[94,156665,421],{"class":112},[94,156667,316],{"class":108},[94,156669,156670,156672,156674,156676,156678,156680],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,156671,326],{"class":145},[94,156673,149],{"class":108},[94,156675,11490],{"class":145},[94,156677,149],{"class":108},[94,156679,153],{"class":152},[94,156681,921],{"class":108},[24,156683,39984,156684,156686],{},[15,156685,11490],{}," no longer refers to the built-in function.",[24,156688,156689],{},"Use a different variable name instead:",[85,156691,156693],{"className":87,"code":156692,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"length_value = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,156694,156695,156704,156724],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,156696,156697,156700,156702],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,156698,156699],{"class":100},"length_value ",[94,156701,105],{"class":104},[94,156703,2942],{"class":112},[94,156705,156706,156708,156710,156712,156714,156716,156718,156720,156722],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,156707,101],{"class":100},[94,156709,105],{"class":104},[94,156711,854],{"class":108},[94,156713,412],{"class":112},[94,156715,116],{"class":108},[94,156717,124],{"class":112},[94,156719,116],{"class":108},[94,156721,421],{"class":112},[94,156723,316],{"class":108},[94,156725,156726,156728,156730,156732,156734,156736],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,156727,326],{"class":145},[94,156729,149],{"class":108},[94,156731,11490],{"class":145},[94,156733,149],{"class":108},[94,156735,153],{"class":152},[94,156737,921],{"class":108},[24,156739,156740],{},[43,156741,371],{},[85,156743,156744],{"className":87,"code":46948,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,156745,156746],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,156747,156748],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,156749,46948],{"class":112},[80,156751,156753],{"id":156752},"when-this-is-useful","When this is useful",[24,156755,156756,156758],{},[15,156757,42691],{}," is helpful when you need to work with tuple size.",[265,156760,156762],{"id":156761},"checking-whether-a-tuple-is-empty","Checking whether a tuple is empty",[85,156764,156766],{"className":87,"code":156765,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"items = ()\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The tuple is empty\")\n",[15,156767,156768,156776,156780,156798],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,156769,156770,156772,156774],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,156771,8113],{"class":100},[94,156773,105],{"class":104},[94,156775,149432],{"class":108},[94,156777,156778],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,156779,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,156781,156782,156784,156786,156788,156790,156792,156794,156796],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,156783,7330],{"class":4221},[94,156785,38716],{"class":145},[94,156787,149],{"class":108},[94,156789,8144],{"class":152},[94,156791,156],{"class":108},[94,156793,6741],{"class":104},[94,156795,4178],{"class":112},[94,156797,6726],{"class":108},[94,156799,156800,156802,156804,156806,156809,156811],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,156801,8404],{"class":145},[94,156803,149],{"class":108},[94,156805,332],{"class":331},[94,156807,156808],{"class":335},"The tuple is empty",[94,156810,332],{"class":331},[94,156812,316],{"class":108},[24,156814,156815],{},[43,156816,371],{},[85,156818,156820],{"className":87,"code":156819,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"The tuple is empty\n",[15,156821,156822],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,156823,156824,156826,156828,156830],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,156825,2336],{"class":100},[94,156827,49284],{"class":913},[94,156829,8431],{"class":104},[94,156831,8437],{"class":100},[265,156833,156835],{"id":156834},"validating-how-many-values-were-stored","Validating how many values were stored",[85,156837,156839],{"className":87,"code":156838,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"point = (4, 7)\n\nif len(point) == 2:\n    print(\"This looks like an x, y coordinate\")\n",[15,156840,156841,156857,156861,156879],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,156842,156843,156845,156847,156849,156851,156853,156855],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,156844,51714],{"class":100},[94,156846,105],{"class":104},[94,156848,854],{"class":108},[94,156850,857],{"class":112},[94,156852,116],{"class":108},[94,156854,6325],{"class":112},[94,156856,316],{"class":108},[94,156858,156859],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,156860,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,156862,156863,156865,156867,156869,156871,156873,156875,156877],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,156864,7330],{"class":4221},[94,156866,38716],{"class":145},[94,156868,149],{"class":108},[94,156870,51739],{"class":152},[94,156872,156],{"class":108},[94,156874,6741],{"class":104},[94,156876,124],{"class":112},[94,156878,6726],{"class":108},[94,156880,156881,156883,156885,156887,156890,156892],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,156882,8404],{"class":145},[94,156884,149],{"class":108},[94,156886,332],{"class":331},[94,156888,156889],{"class":335},"This looks like an x, y coordinate",[94,156891,332],{"class":331},[94,156893,316],{"class":108},[24,156895,156896],{},[43,156897,371],{},[85,156899,156901],{"className":87,"code":156900,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"This looks like an x, y coordinate\n",[15,156902,156903],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,156904,156905,156908,156910],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,156906,156907],{"class":100},"This looks like an x",[94,156909,116],{"class":108},[94,156911,156912],{"class":100}," y coordinate\n",[265,156914,156916],{"id":156915},"using-tuple-size-in-conditions","Using tuple size in conditions",[85,156918,156920],{"className":87,"code":156919,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"user = (\"Ana\", 25, \"Canada\")\n\nif len(user) == 3:\n    print(\"User record has the expected number of values\")\n",[15,156921,156922,156951,156955,156973],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,156923,156924,156926,156928,156930,156932,156934,156936,156938,156940,156942,156944,156947,156949],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,156925,11818],{"class":100},[94,156927,105],{"class":104},[94,156929,854],{"class":108},[94,156931,332],{"class":331},[94,156933,13206],{"class":335},[94,156935,332],{"class":331},[94,156937,116],{"class":108},[94,156939,9638],{"class":112},[94,156941,116],{"class":108},[94,156943,1040],{"class":331},[94,156945,156946],{"class":335},"Canada",[94,156948,332],{"class":331},[94,156950,316],{"class":108},[94,156952,156953],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,156954,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,156956,156957,156959,156961,156963,156965,156967,156969,156971],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,156958,7330],{"class":4221},[94,156960,38716],{"class":145},[94,156962,149],{"class":108},[94,156964,11912],{"class":152},[94,156966,156],{"class":108},[94,156968,6741],{"class":104},[94,156970,421],{"class":112},[94,156972,6726],{"class":108},[94,156974,156975,156977,156979,156981,156984,156986],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,156976,8404],{"class":145},[94,156978,149],{"class":108},[94,156980,332],{"class":331},[94,156982,156983],{"class":335},"User record has the expected number of values",[94,156985,332],{"class":331},[94,156987,316],{"class":108},[24,156989,156990],{},[43,156991,371],{},[85,156993,156995],{"className":87,"code":156994,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"User record has the expected number of values\n",[15,156996,156997],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,156998,156999],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,157000,156994],{"class":100},[265,157002,157004],{"id":157003},"looping-based-on-the-number-of-items","Looping based on the number of items",[85,157006,157008],{"className":87,"code":157007,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nfor i in range(len(letters)):\n    print(i, letters[i])\n",[15,157009,157010,157042,157046,157066],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,157011,157012,157014,157016,157018,157020,157022,157024,157026,157028,157030,157032,157034,157036,157038,157040],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,157013,36418],{"class":100},[94,157015,105],{"class":104},[94,157017,854],{"class":108},[94,157019,332],{"class":331},[94,157021,434],{"class":335},[94,157023,332],{"class":331},[94,157025,116],{"class":108},[94,157027,1040],{"class":331},[94,157029,1937],{"class":335},[94,157031,332],{"class":331},[94,157033,116],{"class":108},[94,157035,1040],{"class":331},[94,157037,1946],{"class":335},[94,157039,332],{"class":331},[94,157041,316],{"class":108},[94,157043,157044],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,157045,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,157047,157048,157050,157052,157054,157056,157058,157060,157062,157064],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,157049,6289],{"class":4221},[94,157051,69872],{"class":100},[94,157053,4228],{"class":4221},[94,157055,54398],{"class":145},[94,157057,149],{"class":108},[94,157059,11490],{"class":145},[94,157061,149],{"class":108},[94,157063,36471],{"class":152},[94,157065,69887],{"class":108},[94,157067,157068,157070,157072,157074,157076,157078,157080,157082],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,157069,8404],{"class":145},[94,157071,149],{"class":108},[94,157073,36482],{"class":152},[94,157075,116],{"class":108},[94,157077,70420],{"class":152},[94,157079,539],{"class":108},[94,157081,36482],{"class":152},[94,157083,4234],{"class":108},[24,157085,157086],{},[43,157087,371],{},[85,157089,157090],{"className":87,"code":36494,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,157091,157092,157098,157104],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,157093,157094,157096],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,157095,2476],{"class":112},[94,157097,36503],{"class":100},[94,157099,157100,157102],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,157101,412],{"class":112},[94,157103,36510],{"class":100},[94,157105,157106,157108],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,157107,763],{"class":112},[94,157109,36517],{"class":100},[24,157111,157112,157113,157115,157116,168],{},"If you want to access values by position, read ",[434,157114,149763],{"href":149762},". To work with parts of a tuple, see ",[434,157117,151007],{"href":151006},[80,157119,3186],{"id":3185},[24,157121,157122],{},"These are some common causes of confusion:",[28,157124,157125,157133,157140,157145],{},[31,157126,157127,157128,11420,157131],{},"Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple, such as writing ",[15,157129,157130],{},"(5)",[15,157132,149597],{},[31,157134,1484,157135,157137,157138],{},[15,157136,11490],{}," as a variable name and then trying to call ",[15,157139,42691],{},[31,157141,8786,157142,157144],{},[15,157143,42691],{}," to count characters across all tuple items",[31,157146,157147],{},"Passing a non-tuple value by mistake",[24,157149,32414],{},[85,157151,157153],{"className":87,"code":157152,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nhelp(len)\n",[15,157154,157155,157165,157179,157193],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,157156,157157,157159,157161,157163],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,157158,326],{"class":145},[94,157160,149],{"class":108},[94,157162,148108],{"class":152},[94,157164,316],{"class":108},[94,157166,157167,157169,157171,157173,157175,157177],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,157168,326],{"class":145},[94,157170,149],{"class":108},[94,157172,914],{"class":913},[94,157174,149],{"class":108},[94,157176,148108],{"class":152},[94,157178,921],{"class":108},[94,157180,157181,157183,157185,157187,157189,157191],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,157182,326],{"class":145},[94,157184,149],{"class":108},[94,157186,11490],{"class":145},[94,157188,149],{"class":108},[94,157190,148108],{"class":152},[94,157192,921],{"class":108},[94,157194,157195,157197,157199,157201],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,157196,2080],{"class":145},[94,157198,149],{"class":108},[94,157200,11490],{"class":145},[94,157202,316],{"class":108},[24,157204,155317],{},[28,157206,157207,157210,157213,157217],{},[31,157208,157209],{},"what value you are using",[31,157211,157212],{},"whether it is really a tuple",[31,157214,2111,157215,2114],{},[15,157216,42691],{},[31,157218,123481,157219,157221],{},[15,157220,42691],{}," is documented in Python",[80,157223,2160],{"id":2159},[265,157225,157227],{"id":157226},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-tuple-in-python","How do I get the length of a tuple in Python?",[24,157229,54,157230,157233],{},[15,157231,157232],{},"len(your_tuple)",". It returns the number of items in the tuple.",[265,157235,13029,157237,149267],{"id":157236},"does-len-change-the-tuple",[15,157238,42691],{},[24,157240,2207,157241,157243],{},[15,157242,42691],{}," only returns a count. It does not modify the tuple.",[265,157245,157247],{"id":157246},"what-is-the-length-of-an-empty-tuple","What is the length of an empty tuple?",[24,157249,157250,157251,168],{},"The length is ",[15,157252,2476],{},[265,157254,157256],{"id":157255},"how-do-i-make-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I make a tuple with one item?",[24,157258,150953,157259,157261],{},[15,157260,150956],{},". Without the comma, Python does not treat it as a one-item tuple.",[265,157263,13029,157265,157267],{"id":157264},"does-len-count-items-inside-nested-tuples",[15,157266,42691],{}," count items inside nested tuples?",[24,157269,157270],{},"It counts only the top-level items in the outer tuple.",[80,157272,2232],{"id":2231},[28,157274,157275,157281,157285,157289,157293],{},[31,157276,157277],{},[434,157278,13,157279,439],{"href":42688},[15,157280,42691],{},[31,157282,157283],{},[434,157284,156182],{"href":148093},[31,157286,157287],{},[434,157288,149763],{"href":149762},[31,157290,157291],{},[434,157292,151007],{"href":151006},[31,157294,157295],{},[434,157296,157297],{"href":149393},"What is a tuple in Python",[2260,157299,157300],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":90,"searchDepth":130,"depth":130,"links":157302},[157303,157304,157305,157312,157318,157327,157333,157334,157343],{"id":15489,"depth":130,"text":15490},{"id":2513,"depth":130,"text":2514},{"id":155670,"depth":130,"text":157306,"children":157307},"What len() returns for a tuple",[157308,157309,157310,157311],{"id":155682,"depth":137,"text":155683},{"id":155749,"depth":137,"text":155750},{"id":155794,"depth":137,"text":155795},{"id":155843,"depth":137,"text":155844},{"id":155932,"depth":130,"text":155933,"children":157313},[157314,157315,157316,157317],{"id":155936,"depth":137,"text":155937},{"id":156011,"depth":137,"text":155750},{"id":156053,"depth":137,"text":156054},{"id":156187,"depth":137,"text":156188},{"id":156271,"depth":130,"text":156272,"children":157319},[157320,157322,157324,157325],{"id":156275,"depth":137,"text":157321},"len() counts items, not characters inside strings",{"id":156413,"depth":137,"text":157323},"len() counts top-level tuple elements only",{"id":156489,"depth":137,"text":156490},{"id":156624,"depth":137,"text":157326},"len is a function name and should not be overwritten",{"id":156752,"depth":130,"text":156753,"children":157328},[157329,157330,157331,157332],{"id":156761,"depth":137,"text":156762},{"id":156834,"depth":137,"text":156835},{"id":156915,"depth":137,"text":156916},{"id":157003,"depth":137,"text":157004},{"id":3185,"depth":130,"text":3186},{"id":2159,"depth":130,"text":2160,"children":157335},[157336,157337,157339,157340,157341],{"id":157226,"depth":137,"text":157227},{"id":157236,"depth":137,"text":157338},"Does len() change the tuple?",{"id":157246,"depth":137,"text":157247},{"id":157255,"depth":137,"text":157256},{"id":157264,"depth":137,"text":157342},"Does len() count items inside nested tuples?",{"id":2231,"depth":130,"text":2232},"Master python tuple length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len",{"title":155454,"description":157344},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len","g9bXnSTfHR3GhI-V2fOG-ILQ3BF1aF8i67PNhSzLJFU",{"id":157351,"title":157352,"body":157353,"description":159738,"extension":2319,"meta":159739,"navigation":133,"path":159740,"seo":159741,"stem":159742,"__hash__":159743},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained.md","Python Tuple Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":157354,"toc":159699},[157355,157358,157361,157364,157387,157393,157395,157506,157510,157513,157523,157525,157624,157626,157703,157709,157713,157716,157739,157742,157759,157762,157764,157827,157829,157846,157857,157862,157864,157867,157873,157924,157926,157946,157950,158001,158003,158024,158028,158083,158085,158106,158110,158165,158167,158188,158192,158245,158247,158276,158278,158280,158283,158287,158344,158346,158367,158371,158424,158426,158451,158456,158460,158465,158483,158486,158549,158551,158572,158575,158636,158638,158659,158662,158705,158708,158712,158717,158721,158800,158802,158833,158837,158912,158914,158941,158945,158992,158994,159002,159007,159011,159014,159029,159031,159119,159121,159146,159149,159192,159201,159203,159206,159221,159224,159228,159282,159284,159304,159309,159313,159315,159353,159356,159406,159410,159483,159485,159522,159525,159527,159530,159550,159553,159622,159624,159637,159639,159643,159646,159650,159653,159658,159661,159667,159672,159674,159696],[10,157356,157352],{"id":157357},"python-tuple-slicing-explained",[24,157359,157360],{},"Tuple slicing lets you get part of a tuple by using square brackets and colons. It is a simple way to take a range of values, skip values with a step, or reverse a tuple.",[24,157362,157363],{},"Use this format:",[85,157365,157367],{"className":87,"code":157366,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,157368,157369],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,157370,157371,157373,157375,157377,157379,157381,157383,157385],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,157372,49284],{"class":100},[94,157374,539],{"class":108},[94,157376,36400],{"class":100},[94,157378,384],{"class":108},[94,157380,75742],{"class":100},[94,157382,384],{"class":108},[94,157384,75745],{"class":100},[94,157386,127],{"class":108},[24,157388,2336,157389,75778,157391,168],{},[15,157390,75742],{},[43,157392,65393],{},[80,157394,2361],{"id":2360},[85,157396,157398],{"className":87,"code":157397,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # (20, 30, 40)\nprint(numbers[:3])    # (10, 20, 30)\nprint(numbers[::2])   # (10, 30, 50)\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,157399,157400,157428,157432,157453,157470,157487],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,157401,157402,157404,157406,157408,157410,157412,157414,157416,157418,157420,157422,157424,157426],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,157403,101],{"class":100},[94,157405,105],{"class":104},[94,157407,854],{"class":108},[94,157409,2688],{"class":112},[94,157411,116],{"class":108},[94,157413,8124],{"class":112},[94,157415,116],{"class":108},[94,157417,8129],{"class":112},[94,157419,116],{"class":108},[94,157421,51174],{"class":112},[94,157423,116],{"class":108},[94,157425,5418],{"class":112},[94,157427,316],{"class":108},[94,157429,157430],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,157431,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,157433,157434,157436,157438,157440,157442,157444,157446,157448,157450],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,157435,326],{"class":145},[94,157437,149],{"class":108},[94,157439,153],{"class":152},[94,157441,539],{"class":108},[94,157443,412],{"class":112},[94,157445,384],{"class":108},[94,157447,857],{"class":112},[94,157449,20777],{"class":108},[94,157451,157452],{"class":159},"   # (20, 30, 40)\n",[94,157454,157455,157457,157459,157461,157463,157465,157467],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,157456,326],{"class":145},[94,157458,149],{"class":108},[94,157460,153],{"class":152},[94,157462,75851],{"class":108},[94,157464,113],{"class":112},[94,157466,20777],{"class":108},[94,157468,157469],{"class":159},"    # (10, 20, 30)\n",[94,157471,157472,157474,157476,157478,157480,157482,157484],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,157473,326],{"class":145},[94,157475,149],{"class":108},[94,157477,153],{"class":152},[94,157479,74444],{"class":108},[94,157481,763],{"class":112},[94,157483,20777],{"class":108},[94,157485,157486],{"class":159},"   # (10, 30, 50)\n",[94,157488,157489,157491,157493,157495,157497,157499,157501,157503],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,157490,326],{"class":145},[94,157492,149],{"class":108},[94,157494,153],{"class":152},[94,157496,74444],{"class":108},[94,157498,2380],{"class":104},[94,157500,412],{"class":112},[94,157502,20777],{"class":108},[94,157504,157505],{"class":159},"  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[80,157507,157509],{"id":157508},"what-tuple-slicing-means","What tuple slicing means",[24,157511,157512],{},"Slicing gets part of a tuple.",[28,157514,157515,157517,157520],{},[31,157516,76045],{},[31,157518,157519],{},"The result is a new tuple",[31,157521,157522],{},"It does not change the original tuple",[24,157524,2566],{},[85,157526,157528],{"className":87,"code":157527,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\")\n\npart = letters[1:4]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,157529,157530,157578,157582,157600,157604,157614],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,157531,157532,157534,157536,157538,157540,157542,157544,157546,157548,157550,157552,157554,157556,157558,157560,157562,157564,157566,157568,157570,157572,157574,157576],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,157533,36418],{"class":100},[94,157535,105],{"class":104},[94,157537,854],{"class":108},[94,157539,332],{"class":331},[94,157541,434],{"class":335},[94,157543,332],{"class":331},[94,157545,116],{"class":108},[94,157547,1040],{"class":331},[94,157549,1937],{"class":335},[94,157551,332],{"class":331},[94,157553,116],{"class":108},[94,157555,1040],{"class":331},[94,157557,1946],{"class":335},[94,157559,332],{"class":331},[94,157561,116],{"class":108},[94,157563,1040],{"class":331},[94,157565,19098],{"class":335},[94,157567,332],{"class":331},[94,157569,116],{"class":108},[94,157571,1040],{"class":331},[94,157573,60772],{"class":335},[94,157575,332],{"class":331},[94,157577,316],{"class":108},[94,157579,157580],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,157581,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,157583,157584,157586,157588,157590,157592,157594,157596,157598],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,157585,75975],{"class":100},[94,157587,105],{"class":104},[94,157589,70420],{"class":100},[94,157591,539],{"class":108},[94,157593,412],{"class":112},[94,157595,384],{"class":108},[94,157597,857],{"class":112},[94,157599,127],{"class":108},[94,157601,157602],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,157603,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,157605,157606,157608,157610,157612],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,157607,326],{"class":145},[94,157609,149],{"class":108},[94,157611,75998],{"class":152},[94,157613,316],{"class":108},[94,157615,157616,157618,157620,157622],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,157617,326],{"class":145},[94,157619,149],{"class":108},[94,157621,36471],{"class":152},[94,157623,316],{"class":108},[24,157625,371],{},[85,157627,157629],{"className":87,"code":157628,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"('b', 'c', 'd')\n('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e')\n",[15,157630,157631,157659],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,157632,157633,157635,157637,157639,157641,157643,157645,157647,157649,157651,157653,157655,157657],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,157634,149],{"class":108},[94,157636,968],{"class":331},[94,157638,1937],{"class":335},[94,157640,968],{"class":331},[94,157642,116],{"class":108},[94,157644,962],{"class":331},[94,157646,1946],{"class":335},[94,157648,968],{"class":331},[94,157650,116],{"class":108},[94,157652,962],{"class":331},[94,157654,19098],{"class":335},[94,157656,968],{"class":331},[94,157658,316],{"class":108},[94,157660,157661,157663,157665,157667,157669,157671,157673,157675,157677,157679,157681,157683,157685,157687,157689,157691,157693,157695,157697,157699,157701],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,157662,149],{"class":108},[94,157664,968],{"class":331},[94,157666,434],{"class":335},[94,157668,968],{"class":331},[94,157670,116],{"class":108},[94,157672,962],{"class":331},[94,157674,1937],{"class":335},[94,157676,968],{"class":331},[94,157678,116],{"class":108},[94,157680,962],{"class":331},[94,157682,1946],{"class":335},[94,157684,968],{"class":331},[94,157686,116],{"class":108},[94,157688,962],{"class":331},[94,157690,19098],{"class":335},[94,157692,968],{"class":331},[94,157694,116],{"class":108},[94,157696,962],{"class":331},[94,157698,60772],{"class":335},[94,157700,968],{"class":331},[94,157702,316],{"class":108},[24,157704,157705,157706,168],{},"The original tuple stays the same because tuples are immutable. If you are new to tuples, see ",[434,157707,148090],{"href":157708},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained",[80,157710,157712],{"id":157711},"basic-slice-syntax","Basic slice syntax",[24,157714,157715],{},"The full syntax is:",[85,157717,157719],{"className":87,"code":157718,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"my_tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,157720,157721],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,157722,157723,157725,157727,157729,157731,157733,157735,157737],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,157724,148108],{"class":100},[94,157726,539],{"class":108},[94,157728,36400],{"class":100},[94,157730,384],{"class":108},[94,157732,75742],{"class":100},[94,157734,384],{"class":108},[94,157736,75745],{"class":100},[94,157738,127],{"class":108},[24,157740,157741],{},"Each part has a job:",[28,157743,157744,157749,157754],{},[31,157745,157746,157748],{},[15,157747,36400],{},": where slicing begins",[31,157750,157751,157753],{},[15,157752,75742],{},": where slicing ends, but that index is not included",[31,157755,157756,157758],{},[15,157757,75745],{},": how many positions to move each time",[24,157760,157761],{},"All three parts are optional.",[24,157763,2566],{},[85,157765,157767],{"className":87,"code":157766,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:5:2])\n",[15,157768,157769,157801,157805],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,157770,157771,157773,157775,157777,157779,157781,157783,157785,157787,157789,157791,157793,157795,157797,157799],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,157772,101],{"class":100},[94,157774,105],{"class":104},[94,157776,854],{"class":108},[94,157778,2688],{"class":112},[94,157780,116],{"class":108},[94,157782,8124],{"class":112},[94,157784,116],{"class":108},[94,157786,8129],{"class":112},[94,157788,116],{"class":108},[94,157790,51174],{"class":112},[94,157792,116],{"class":108},[94,157794,5418],{"class":112},[94,157796,116],{"class":108},[94,157798,76416],{"class":112},[94,157800,316],{"class":108},[94,157802,157803],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,157804,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,157806,157807,157809,157811,157813,157815,157817,157819,157821,157823,157825],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,157808,326],{"class":145},[94,157810,149],{"class":108},[94,157812,153],{"class":152},[94,157814,539],{"class":108},[94,157816,412],{"class":112},[94,157818,384],{"class":108},[94,157820,615],{"class":112},[94,157822,384],{"class":108},[94,157824,763],{"class":112},[94,157826,4234],{"class":108},[24,157828,371],{},[85,157830,157832],{"className":87,"code":157831,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"(20, 40)\n",[15,157833,157834],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,157835,157836,157838,157840,157842,157844],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,157837,149],{"class":108},[94,157839,16082],{"class":112},[94,157841,116],{"class":108},[94,157843,51174],{"class":112},[94,157845,316],{"class":108},[24,157847,157848,157849,157851,157852,157854,157855,168],{},"This starts at index ",[15,157850,412],{},", stops before index ",[15,157853,615],{},", and moves by ",[15,157856,763],{},[24,157858,157859,157860,168],{},"If you need a refresher on getting a single value, read ",[434,157861,149763],{"href":153189},[80,157863,76332],{"id":76331},[24,157865,157866],{},"These are the most common tuple slice patterns you will use.",[265,157868,157870,157871,6297],{"id":157869},"get-the-first-n-items","Get the first ",[15,157872,76346],{},[85,157874,157876],{"className":87,"code":157875,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:3])\n",[15,157877,157878,157906,157910],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,157879,157880,157882,157884,157886,157888,157890,157892,157894,157896,157898,157900,157902,157904],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,157881,101],{"class":100},[94,157883,105],{"class":104},[94,157885,854],{"class":108},[94,157887,2688],{"class":112},[94,157889,116],{"class":108},[94,157891,8124],{"class":112},[94,157893,116],{"class":108},[94,157895,8129],{"class":112},[94,157897,116],{"class":108},[94,157899,51174],{"class":112},[94,157901,116],{"class":108},[94,157903,5418],{"class":112},[94,157905,316],{"class":108},[94,157907,157908],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,157909,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,157911,157912,157914,157916,157918,157920,157922],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,157913,326],{"class":145},[94,157915,149],{"class":108},[94,157917,153],{"class":152},[94,157919,75851],{"class":108},[94,157921,113],{"class":112},[94,157923,4234],{"class":108},[24,157925,371],{},[85,157927,157928],{"className":87,"code":151455,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,157929,157930],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,157931,157932,157934,157936,157938,157940,157942,157944],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,157933,149],{"class":108},[94,157935,2688],{"class":112},[94,157937,116],{"class":108},[94,157939,8124],{"class":112},[94,157941,116],{"class":108},[94,157943,8129],{"class":112},[94,157945,316],{"class":108},[265,157947,157949],{"id":157948},"get-items-from-an-index-to-the-end","Get items from an index to the end",[85,157951,157953],{"className":87,"code":157952,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[2:])\n",[15,157954,157955,157983,157987],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,157956,157957,157959,157961,157963,157965,157967,157969,157971,157973,157975,157977,157979,157981],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,157958,101],{"class":100},[94,157960,105],{"class":104},[94,157962,854],{"class":108},[94,157964,2688],{"class":112},[94,157966,116],{"class":108},[94,157968,8124],{"class":112},[94,157970,116],{"class":108},[94,157972,8129],{"class":112},[94,157974,116],{"class":108},[94,157976,51174],{"class":112},[94,157978,116],{"class":108},[94,157980,5418],{"class":112},[94,157982,316],{"class":108},[94,157984,157985],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,157986,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,157988,157989,157991,157993,157995,157997,157999],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,157990,326],{"class":145},[94,157992,149],{"class":108},[94,157994,153],{"class":152},[94,157996,539],{"class":108},[94,157998,763],{"class":112},[94,158000,78032],{"class":108},[24,158002,371],{},[85,158004,158006],{"className":87,"code":158005,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"(30, 40, 50)\n",[15,158007,158008],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,158009,158010,158012,158014,158016,158018,158020,158022],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,158011,149],{"class":108},[94,158013,37170],{"class":112},[94,158015,116],{"class":108},[94,158017,51174],{"class":112},[94,158019,116],{"class":108},[94,158021,5418],{"class":112},[94,158023,316],{"class":108},[265,158025,158027],{"id":158026},"get-a-range-of-items","Get a range of items",[85,158029,158031],{"className":87,"code":158030,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,158032,158033,158061,158065],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,158034,158035,158037,158039,158041,158043,158045,158047,158049,158051,158053,158055,158057,158059],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,158036,101],{"class":100},[94,158038,105],{"class":104},[94,158040,854],{"class":108},[94,158042,2688],{"class":112},[94,158044,116],{"class":108},[94,158046,8124],{"class":112},[94,158048,116],{"class":108},[94,158050,8129],{"class":112},[94,158052,116],{"class":108},[94,158054,51174],{"class":112},[94,158056,116],{"class":108},[94,158058,5418],{"class":112},[94,158060,316],{"class":108},[94,158062,158063],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,158064,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,158066,158067,158069,158071,158073,158075,158077,158079,158081],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,158068,326],{"class":145},[94,158070,149],{"class":108},[94,158072,153],{"class":152},[94,158074,539],{"class":108},[94,158076,412],{"class":112},[94,158078,384],{"class":108},[94,158080,857],{"class":112},[94,158082,4234],{"class":108},[24,158084,371],{},[85,158086,158088],{"className":87,"code":158087,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"(20, 30, 40)\n",[15,158089,158090],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,158091,158092,158094,158096,158098,158100,158102,158104],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,158093,149],{"class":108},[94,158095,16082],{"class":112},[94,158097,116],{"class":108},[94,158099,8129],{"class":112},[94,158101,116],{"class":108},[94,158103,51174],{"class":112},[94,158105,316],{"class":108},[265,158107,158109],{"id":158108},"get-every-second-item","Get every second item",[85,158111,158113],{"className":87,"code":158112,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[::2])\n",[15,158114,158115,158147,158151],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,158116,158117,158119,158121,158123,158125,158127,158129,158131,158133,158135,158137,158139,158141,158143,158145],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,158118,101],{"class":100},[94,158120,105],{"class":104},[94,158122,854],{"class":108},[94,158124,2688],{"class":112},[94,158126,116],{"class":108},[94,158128,8124],{"class":112},[94,158130,116],{"class":108},[94,158132,8129],{"class":112},[94,158134,116],{"class":108},[94,158136,51174],{"class":112},[94,158138,116],{"class":108},[94,158140,5418],{"class":112},[94,158142,116],{"class":108},[94,158144,76416],{"class":112},[94,158146,316],{"class":108},[94,158148,158149],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,158150,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,158152,158153,158155,158157,158159,158161,158163],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,158154,326],{"class":145},[94,158156,149],{"class":108},[94,158158,153],{"class":152},[94,158160,74444],{"class":108},[94,158162,763],{"class":112},[94,158164,4234],{"class":108},[24,158166,371],{},[85,158168,158170],{"className":87,"code":158169,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"(10, 30, 50)\n",[15,158171,158172],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,158173,158174,158176,158178,158180,158182,158184,158186],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,158175,149],{"class":108},[94,158177,2688],{"class":112},[94,158179,116],{"class":108},[94,158181,8129],{"class":112},[94,158183,116],{"class":108},[94,158185,5418],{"class":112},[94,158187,316],{"class":108},[265,158189,158191],{"id":158190},"reverse-a-tuple","Reverse a tuple",[85,158193,158195],{"className":87,"code":158194,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[::-1])\n",[15,158196,158197,158225,158229],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,158198,158199,158201,158203,158205,158207,158209,158211,158213,158215,158217,158219,158221,158223],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,158200,101],{"class":100},[94,158202,105],{"class":104},[94,158204,854],{"class":108},[94,158206,2688],{"class":112},[94,158208,116],{"class":108},[94,158210,8124],{"class":112},[94,158212,116],{"class":108},[94,158214,8129],{"class":112},[94,158216,116],{"class":108},[94,158218,51174],{"class":112},[94,158220,116],{"class":108},[94,158222,5418],{"class":112},[94,158224,316],{"class":108},[94,158226,158227],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,158228,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,158230,158231,158233,158235,158237,158239,158241,158243],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,158232,326],{"class":145},[94,158234,149],{"class":108},[94,158236,153],{"class":152},[94,158238,74444],{"class":108},[94,158240,2380],{"class":104},[94,158242,412],{"class":112},[94,158244,4234],{"class":108},[24,158246,371],{},[85,158248,158250],{"className":87,"code":158249,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"(50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,158251,158252],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,158253,158254,158256,158258,158260,158262,158264,158266,158268,158270,158272,158274],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,158255,149],{"class":108},[94,158257,77110],{"class":112},[94,158259,116],{"class":108},[94,158261,51174],{"class":112},[94,158263,116],{"class":108},[94,158265,8129],{"class":112},[94,158267,116],{"class":108},[94,158269,8124],{"class":112},[94,158271,116],{"class":108},[94,158273,6336],{"class":112},[94,158275,316],{"class":108},[80,158277,76626],{"id":76625},[24,158279,154462],{},[24,158281,158282],{},"This is useful when you want values near the end without calculating the tuple length first.",[265,158284,158286],{"id":158285},"get-the-last-3-items","Get the last 3 items",[85,158288,158290],{"className":87,"code":158289,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[-3:])\n",[15,158291,158292,158324,158328],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,158293,158294,158296,158298,158300,158302,158304,158306,158308,158310,158312,158314,158316,158318,158320,158322],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,158295,101],{"class":100},[94,158297,105],{"class":104},[94,158299,854],{"class":108},[94,158301,2688],{"class":112},[94,158303,116],{"class":108},[94,158305,8124],{"class":112},[94,158307,116],{"class":108},[94,158309,8129],{"class":112},[94,158311,116],{"class":108},[94,158313,51174],{"class":112},[94,158315,116],{"class":108},[94,158317,5418],{"class":112},[94,158319,116],{"class":108},[94,158321,76416],{"class":112},[94,158323,316],{"class":108},[94,158325,158326],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,158327,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,158329,158330,158332,158334,158336,158338,158340,158342],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,158331,326],{"class":145},[94,158333,149],{"class":108},[94,158335,153],{"class":152},[94,158337,539],{"class":108},[94,158339,2380],{"class":104},[94,158341,113],{"class":112},[94,158343,78032],{"class":108},[24,158345,371],{},[85,158347,158349],{"className":87,"code":158348,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"(40, 50, 60)\n",[15,158350,158351],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,158352,158353,158355,158357,158359,158361,158363,158365],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,158354,149],{"class":108},[94,158356,57017],{"class":112},[94,158358,116],{"class":108},[94,158360,5418],{"class":112},[94,158362,116],{"class":108},[94,158364,76416],{"class":112},[94,158366,316],{"class":108},[265,158368,158370],{"id":158369},"get-everything-except-the-last-item","Get everything except the last item",[85,158372,158374],{"className":87,"code":158373,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:-1])\n",[15,158375,158376,158404,158408],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,158377,158378,158380,158382,158384,158386,158388,158390,158392,158394,158396,158398,158400,158402],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,158379,101],{"class":100},[94,158381,105],{"class":104},[94,158383,854],{"class":108},[94,158385,2688],{"class":112},[94,158387,116],{"class":108},[94,158389,8124],{"class":112},[94,158391,116],{"class":108},[94,158393,8129],{"class":112},[94,158395,116],{"class":108},[94,158397,51174],{"class":112},[94,158399,116],{"class":108},[94,158401,5418],{"class":112},[94,158403,316],{"class":108},[94,158405,158406],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,158407,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,158409,158410,158412,158414,158416,158418,158420,158422],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,158411,326],{"class":145},[94,158413,149],{"class":108},[94,158415,153],{"class":152},[94,158417,75851],{"class":108},[94,158419,2380],{"class":104},[94,158421,412],{"class":112},[94,158423,4234],{"class":108},[24,158425,371],{},[85,158427,158429],{"className":87,"code":158428,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,158430,158431],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,158432,158433,158435,158437,158439,158441,158443,158445,158447,158449],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,158434,149],{"class":108},[94,158436,2688],{"class":112},[94,158438,116],{"class":108},[94,158440,8124],{"class":112},[94,158442,116],{"class":108},[94,158444,8129],{"class":112},[94,158446,116],{"class":108},[94,158448,51174],{"class":112},[94,158450,316],{"class":108},[24,158452,158453,158454,168],{},"Negative values are especially helpful when the tuple size may change. If you want to check the size first, see ",[434,158455,151012],{"href":157346},[80,158457,158459],{"id":158458},"step-values-and-reversing","Step values and reversing",[24,158461,2336,158462,158464],{},[15,158463,75745],{}," value controls how slicing moves.",[28,158466,158467,158469,158471,158477],{},[31,158468,76882],{},[31,158470,76885],{},[31,158472,158473,158476],{},[15,158474,158475],{},"tuple[::-1]"," is a common way to reverse a tuple",[31,158478,158479,158480,158482],{},"A step of ",[15,158481,2476],{}," is not allowed",[24,158484,158485],{},"Example with a positive step:",[85,158487,158489],{"className":87,"code":158488,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:6:2])\n",[15,158490,158491,158523,158527],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,158492,158493,158495,158497,158499,158501,158503,158505,158507,158509,158511,158513,158515,158517,158519,158521],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,158494,101],{"class":100},[94,158496,105],{"class":104},[94,158498,854],{"class":108},[94,158500,2688],{"class":112},[94,158502,116],{"class":108},[94,158504,8124],{"class":112},[94,158506,116],{"class":108},[94,158508,8129],{"class":112},[94,158510,116],{"class":108},[94,158512,51174],{"class":112},[94,158514,116],{"class":108},[94,158516,5418],{"class":112},[94,158518,116],{"class":108},[94,158520,76416],{"class":112},[94,158522,316],{"class":108},[94,158524,158525],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,158526,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,158528,158529,158531,158533,158535,158537,158539,158541,158543,158545,158547],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,158530,326],{"class":145},[94,158532,149],{"class":108},[94,158534,153],{"class":152},[94,158536,539],{"class":108},[94,158538,412],{"class":112},[94,158540,384],{"class":108},[94,158542,80899],{"class":112},[94,158544,384],{"class":108},[94,158546,763],{"class":112},[94,158548,4234],{"class":108},[24,158550,371],{},[85,158552,158554],{"className":87,"code":158553,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"(20, 40, 60)\n",[15,158555,158556],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,158557,158558,158560,158562,158564,158566,158568,158570],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,158559,149],{"class":108},[94,158561,16082],{"class":112},[94,158563,116],{"class":108},[94,158565,51174],{"class":112},[94,158567,116],{"class":108},[94,158569,76416],{"class":112},[94,158571,316],{"class":108},[24,158573,158574],{},"Example with a negative step:",[85,158576,158578],{"className":87,"code":158577,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])\n",[15,158579,158580,158608,158612],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,158581,158582,158584,158586,158588,158590,158592,158594,158596,158598,158600,158602,158604,158606],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,158583,101],{"class":100},[94,158585,105],{"class":104},[94,158587,854],{"class":108},[94,158589,2688],{"class":112},[94,158591,116],{"class":108},[94,158593,8124],{"class":112},[94,158595,116],{"class":108},[94,158597,8129],{"class":112},[94,158599,116],{"class":108},[94,158601,51174],{"class":112},[94,158603,116],{"class":108},[94,158605,5418],{"class":112},[94,158607,316],{"class":108},[94,158609,158610],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,158611,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,158613,158614,158616,158618,158620,158622,158624,158626,158628,158630,158632,158634],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,158615,326],{"class":145},[94,158617,149],{"class":108},[94,158619,153],{"class":152},[94,158621,539],{"class":108},[94,158623,857],{"class":112},[94,158625,384],{"class":108},[94,158627,412],{"class":112},[94,158629,384],{"class":108},[94,158631,2380],{"class":104},[94,158633,412],{"class":112},[94,158635,4234],{"class":108},[24,158637,371],{},[85,158639,158641],{"className":87,"code":158640,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"(50, 40, 30)\n",[15,158642,158643],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,158644,158645,158647,158649,158651,158653,158655,158657],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,158646,149],{"class":108},[94,158648,77110],{"class":112},[94,158650,116],{"class":108},[94,158652,51174],{"class":112},[94,158654,116],{"class":108},[94,158656,8129],{"class":112},[94,158658,316],{"class":108},[24,158660,158661],{},"Be careful with this invalid slice:",[85,158663,158665],{"className":87,"code":158664,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,158666,158667,158687,158691],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,158668,158669,158671,158673,158675,158677,158679,158681,158683,158685],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,158670,101],{"class":100},[94,158672,105],{"class":104},[94,158674,854],{"class":108},[94,158676,2688],{"class":112},[94,158678,116],{"class":108},[94,158680,8124],{"class":112},[94,158682,116],{"class":108},[94,158684,8129],{"class":112},[94,158686,316],{"class":108},[94,158688,158689],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,158690,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,158692,158693,158695,158697,158699,158701,158703],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,158694,326],{"class":145},[94,158696,149],{"class":108},[94,158698,153],{"class":152},[94,158700,74444],{"class":108},[94,158702,2476],{"class":112},[94,158704,4234],{"class":108},[24,158706,158707],{},"This raises an error because the step cannot be zero.",[80,158709,158711],{"id":158710},"what-slicing-returns","What slicing returns",[24,158713,158714,158715,34072],{},"A tuple slice returns a ",[43,158716,49284],{},[265,158718,158720],{"id":158719},"a-normal-slice-returns-a-tuple","A normal slice returns a tuple",[85,158722,158724],{"className":87,"code":158723,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nresult = numbers[1:3]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,158725,158726,158750,158754,158772,158776,158786],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,158727,158728,158730,158732,158734,158736,158738,158740,158742,158744,158746,158748],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,158729,101],{"class":100},[94,158731,105],{"class":104},[94,158733,854],{"class":108},[94,158735,2688],{"class":112},[94,158737,116],{"class":108},[94,158739,8124],{"class":112},[94,158741,116],{"class":108},[94,158743,8129],{"class":112},[94,158745,116],{"class":108},[94,158747,51174],{"class":112},[94,158749,316],{"class":108},[94,158751,158752],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,158753,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,158755,158756,158758,158760,158762,158764,158766,158768,158770],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,158757,305],{"class":100},[94,158759,105],{"class":104},[94,158761,343],{"class":100},[94,158763,539],{"class":108},[94,158765,412],{"class":112},[94,158767,384],{"class":108},[94,158769,113],{"class":112},[94,158771,127],{"class":108},[94,158773,158774],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,158775,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,158777,158778,158780,158782,158784],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,158779,326],{"class":145},[94,158781,149],{"class":108},[94,158783,902],{"class":152},[94,158785,316],{"class":108},[94,158787,158788,158790,158792,158794,158796,158798],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,158789,326],{"class":145},[94,158791,149],{"class":108},[94,158793,914],{"class":913},[94,158795,149],{"class":108},[94,158797,902],{"class":152},[94,158799,921],{"class":108},[24,158801,371],{},[85,158803,158805],{"className":87,"code":158804,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"(20, 30)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,158806,158807,158819],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,158808,158809,158811,158813,158815,158817],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,158810,149],{"class":108},[94,158812,16082],{"class":112},[94,158814,116],{"class":108},[94,158816,8129],{"class":112},[94,158818,316],{"class":108},[94,158820,158821,158823,158825,158827,158829,158831],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,158822,955],{"class":104},[94,158824,959],{"class":958},[94,158826,962],{"class":331},[94,158828,49284],{"class":335},[94,158830,968],{"class":331},[94,158832,971],{"class":104},[265,158834,158836],{"id":158835},"a-one-item-slice-is-still-a-tuple","A one-item slice is still a tuple",[85,158838,158840],{"className":87,"code":158839,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nresult = numbers[1:2]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,158841,158842,158862,158866,158884,158888,158898],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,158843,158844,158846,158848,158850,158852,158854,158856,158858,158860],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,158845,101],{"class":100},[94,158847,105],{"class":104},[94,158849,854],{"class":108},[94,158851,2688],{"class":112},[94,158853,116],{"class":108},[94,158855,8124],{"class":112},[94,158857,116],{"class":108},[94,158859,8129],{"class":112},[94,158861,316],{"class":108},[94,158863,158864],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,158865,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,158867,158868,158870,158872,158874,158876,158878,158880,158882],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,158869,305],{"class":100},[94,158871,105],{"class":104},[94,158873,343],{"class":100},[94,158875,539],{"class":108},[94,158877,412],{"class":112},[94,158879,384],{"class":108},[94,158881,763],{"class":112},[94,158883,127],{"class":108},[94,158885,158886],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,158887,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,158889,158890,158892,158894,158896],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,158891,326],{"class":145},[94,158893,149],{"class":108},[94,158895,902],{"class":152},[94,158897,316],{"class":108},[94,158899,158900,158902,158904,158906,158908,158910],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,158901,326],{"class":145},[94,158903,149],{"class":108},[94,158905,914],{"class":913},[94,158907,149],{"class":108},[94,158909,902],{"class":152},[94,158911,921],{"class":108},[24,158913,371],{},[85,158915,158917],{"className":87,"code":158916,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"(20,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,158918,158919,158927],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,158920,158921,158923,158925],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,158922,149],{"class":108},[94,158924,16082],{"class":112},[94,158926,149446],{"class":108},[94,158928,158929,158931,158933,158935,158937,158939],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,158930,955],{"class":104},[94,158932,959],{"class":958},[94,158934,962],{"class":331},[94,158936,49284],{"class":335},[94,158938,968],{"class":331},[94,158940,971],{"class":104},[265,158942,158944],{"id":158943},"an-empty-slice-returns-an-empty-tuple","An empty slice returns an empty tuple",[85,158946,158948],{"className":87,"code":158947,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5:8])\n",[15,158949,158950,158970,158974],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,158951,158952,158954,158956,158958,158960,158962,158964,158966,158968],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,158953,101],{"class":100},[94,158955,105],{"class":104},[94,158957,854],{"class":108},[94,158959,2688],{"class":112},[94,158961,116],{"class":108},[94,158963,8124],{"class":112},[94,158965,116],{"class":108},[94,158967,8129],{"class":112},[94,158969,316],{"class":108},[94,158971,158972],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,158973,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,158975,158976,158978,158980,158982,158984,158986,158988,158990],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,158977,326],{"class":145},[94,158979,149],{"class":108},[94,158981,153],{"class":152},[94,158983,539],{"class":108},[94,158985,615],{"class":112},[94,158987,384],{"class":108},[94,158989,2703],{"class":112},[94,158991,4234],{"class":108},[24,158993,371],{},[85,158995,158996],{"className":87,"code":511,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,158997,158998],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,158999,159000],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,159001,511],{"class":108},[24,159003,159004,159005,168],{},"If you need help creating tuples correctly, including one-item tuples, see ",[434,159006,156182],{"href":151069},[80,159008,159010],{"id":159009},"tuple-slicing-vs-tuple-indexing","Tuple slicing vs tuple indexing",[24,159012,159013],{},"Slicing and indexing are related, but they are not the same.",[28,159015,159016,159018,159021,159026],{},[31,159017,77191],{},[31,159019,159020],{},"Slicing gets multiple items or a range",[31,159022,159023,159024],{},"Indexing can raise ",[15,159025,71055],{},[31,159027,159028],{},"Slicing usually returns an empty tuple if the range does not match",[24,159030,2566],{},[85,159032,159034],{"className":87,"code":159033,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[1])    # one item\nprint(numbers[1:5])  # slice\nprint(numbers[5:8])  # empty slice\n",[15,159035,159036,159056,159060,159077,159098],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,159037,159038,159040,159042,159044,159046,159048,159050,159052,159054],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,159039,101],{"class":100},[94,159041,105],{"class":104},[94,159043,854],{"class":108},[94,159045,2688],{"class":112},[94,159047,116],{"class":108},[94,159049,8124],{"class":112},[94,159051,116],{"class":108},[94,159053,8129],{"class":112},[94,159055,316],{"class":108},[94,159057,159058],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,159059,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,159061,159062,159064,159066,159068,159070,159072,159074],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,159063,326],{"class":145},[94,159065,149],{"class":108},[94,159067,153],{"class":152},[94,159069,539],{"class":108},[94,159071,412],{"class":112},[94,159073,20777],{"class":108},[94,159075,159076],{"class":159},"    # one item\n",[94,159078,159079,159081,159083,159085,159087,159089,159091,159093,159095],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,159080,326],{"class":145},[94,159082,149],{"class":108},[94,159084,153],{"class":152},[94,159086,539],{"class":108},[94,159088,412],{"class":112},[94,159090,384],{"class":108},[94,159092,615],{"class":112},[94,159094,20777],{"class":108},[94,159096,159097],{"class":159},"  # slice\n",[94,159099,159100,159102,159104,159106,159108,159110,159112,159114,159116],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,159101,326],{"class":145},[94,159103,149],{"class":108},[94,159105,153],{"class":152},[94,159107,539],{"class":108},[94,159109,615],{"class":112},[94,159111,384],{"class":108},[94,159113,2703],{"class":112},[94,159115,20777],{"class":108},[94,159117,159118],{"class":159},"  # empty slice\n",[24,159120,371],{},[85,159122,159124],{"className":87,"code":159123,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"20\n(20, 30)\n()\n",[15,159125,159126,159130,159142],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,159127,159128],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,159129,71548],{"class":112},[94,159131,159132,159134,159136,159138,159140],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,159133,149],{"class":108},[94,159135,16082],{"class":112},[94,159137,116],{"class":108},[94,159139,8129],{"class":112},[94,159141,316],{"class":108},[94,159143,159144],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,159145,511],{"class":108},[24,159147,159148],{},"Now compare that with invalid indexing:",[85,159150,159152],{"className":87,"code":159151,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,159153,159154,159174,159178],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,159155,159156,159158,159160,159162,159164,159166,159168,159170,159172],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,159157,101],{"class":100},[94,159159,105],{"class":104},[94,159161,854],{"class":108},[94,159163,2688],{"class":112},[94,159165,116],{"class":108},[94,159167,8124],{"class":112},[94,159169,116],{"class":108},[94,159171,8129],{"class":112},[94,159173,316],{"class":108},[94,159175,159176],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,159177,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,159179,159180,159182,159184,159186,159188,159190],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,159181,326],{"class":145},[94,159183,149],{"class":108},[94,159185,153],{"class":152},[94,159187,539],{"class":108},[94,159189,615],{"class":112},[94,159191,4234],{"class":108},[24,159193,159194,159195,159197,159198,168],{},"This raises an ",[15,159196,71055],{},". If you run into that problem, read ",[434,159199,154935],{"href":159200},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix",[80,159202,15504],{"id":77458},[24,159204,159205],{},"These are the most common tuple slicing mistakes:",[28,159207,159208,159211,159213,159216],{},[31,159209,159210],{},"Thinking the stop index is included",[31,159212,61017],{},[31,159214,159215],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original tuple",[31,159217,159218,159219],{},"Forgetting that step cannot be ",[15,159220,2476],{},[24,159222,159223],{},"Here are a few examples.",[265,159225,159227],{"id":159226},"mistake-thinking-the-stop-index-is-included","Mistake: thinking the stop index is included",[85,159229,159230],{"className":87,"code":158030,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,159231,159232,159260,159264],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,159233,159234,159236,159238,159240,159242,159244,159246,159248,159250,159252,159254,159256,159258],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,159235,101],{"class":100},[94,159237,105],{"class":104},[94,159239,854],{"class":108},[94,159241,2688],{"class":112},[94,159243,116],{"class":108},[94,159245,8124],{"class":112},[94,159247,116],{"class":108},[94,159249,8129],{"class":112},[94,159251,116],{"class":108},[94,159253,51174],{"class":112},[94,159255,116],{"class":108},[94,159257,5418],{"class":112},[94,159259,316],{"class":108},[94,159261,159262],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,159263,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,159265,159266,159268,159270,159272,159274,159276,159278,159280],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,159267,326],{"class":145},[94,159269,149],{"class":108},[94,159271,153],{"class":152},[94,159273,539],{"class":108},[94,159275,412],{"class":112},[94,159277,384],{"class":108},[94,159279,857],{"class":112},[94,159281,4234],{"class":108},[24,159283,371],{},[85,159285,159286],{"className":87,"code":158087,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,159287,159288],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,159289,159290,159292,159294,159296,159298,159300,159302],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,159291,149],{"class":108},[94,159293,16082],{"class":112},[94,159295,116],{"class":108},[94,159297,8129],{"class":112},[94,159299,116],{"class":108},[94,159301,51174],{"class":112},[94,159303,316],{"class":108},[24,159305,132514,159306,159308],{},[15,159307,857],{}," is not included.",[265,159310,159312],{"id":159311},"mistake-using-parentheses","Mistake: using parentheses",[24,159314,4869],{},[85,159316,159318],{"className":87,"code":159317,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\n# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[15,159319,159320,159344,159348],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,159321,159322,159324,159326,159328,159330,159332,159334,159336,159338,159340,159342],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,159323,101],{"class":100},[94,159325,105],{"class":104},[94,159327,854],{"class":108},[94,159329,2688],{"class":112},[94,159331,116],{"class":108},[94,159333,8124],{"class":112},[94,159335,116],{"class":108},[94,159337,8129],{"class":112},[94,159339,116],{"class":108},[94,159341,51174],{"class":112},[94,159343,316],{"class":108},[94,159345,159346],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,159347,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,159349,159350],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,159351,159352],{"class":159},"# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[24,159354,159355],{},"Use square brackets instead:",[85,159357,159358],{"className":87,"code":155015,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,159359,159360,159384,159388],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,159361,159362,159364,159366,159368,159370,159372,159374,159376,159378,159380,159382],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,159363,101],{"class":100},[94,159365,105],{"class":104},[94,159367,854],{"class":108},[94,159369,2688],{"class":112},[94,159371,116],{"class":108},[94,159373,8124],{"class":112},[94,159375,116],{"class":108},[94,159377,8129],{"class":112},[94,159379,116],{"class":108},[94,159381,51174],{"class":112},[94,159383,316],{"class":108},[94,159385,159386],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,159387,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,159389,159390,159392,159394,159396,159398,159400,159402,159404],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,159391,326],{"class":145},[94,159393,149],{"class":108},[94,159395,153],{"class":152},[94,159397,539],{"class":108},[94,159399,412],{"class":112},[94,159401,384],{"class":108},[94,159403,113],{"class":112},[94,159405,4234],{"class":108},[265,159407,159409],{"id":159408},"mistake-expecting-the-original-tuple-to-change","Mistake: expecting the original tuple to change",[85,159411,159413],{"className":87,"code":159412,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nslice_result = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(slice_result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,159414,159415,159439,159443,159458,159462,159473],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,159416,159417,159419,159421,159423,159425,159427,159429,159431,159433,159435,159437],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,159418,101],{"class":100},[94,159420,105],{"class":104},[94,159422,854],{"class":108},[94,159424,2688],{"class":112},[94,159426,116],{"class":108},[94,159428,8124],{"class":112},[94,159430,116],{"class":108},[94,159432,8129],{"class":112},[94,159434,116],{"class":108},[94,159436,51174],{"class":112},[94,159438,316],{"class":108},[94,159440,159441],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,159442,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,159444,159445,159448,159450,159452,159454,159456],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,159446,159447],{"class":100},"slice_result ",[94,159449,105],{"class":104},[94,159451,343],{"class":100},[94,159453,75851],{"class":108},[94,159455,763],{"class":112},[94,159457,127],{"class":108},[94,159459,159460],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,159461,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,159463,159464,159466,159468,159471],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,159465,326],{"class":145},[94,159467,149],{"class":108},[94,159469,159470],{"class":152},"slice_result",[94,159472,316],{"class":108},[94,159474,159475,159477,159479,159481],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,159476,326],{"class":145},[94,159478,149],{"class":108},[94,159480,153],{"class":152},[94,159482,316],{"class":108},[24,159484,371],{},[85,159486,159488],{"className":87,"code":159487,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"(10, 20)\n(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,159489,159490,159502],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,159491,159492,159494,159496,159498,159500],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,159493,149],{"class":108},[94,159495,2688],{"class":112},[94,159497,116],{"class":108},[94,159499,8124],{"class":112},[94,159501,316],{"class":108},[94,159503,159504,159506,159508,159510,159512,159514,159516,159518,159520],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,159505,149],{"class":108},[94,159507,2688],{"class":112},[94,159509,116],{"class":108},[94,159511,8124],{"class":112},[94,159513,116],{"class":108},[94,159515,8129],{"class":112},[94,159517,116],{"class":108},[94,159519,51174],{"class":112},[94,159521,316],{"class":108},[24,159523,159524],{},"The original tuple is unchanged.",[80,159526,1971],{"id":1970},[24,159528,159529],{},"Many tuple slicing problems come from a few simple misunderstandings:",[28,159531,159532,159535,159538,159544,159547],{},[31,159533,159534],{},"Confusing slicing with indexing",[31,159536,159537],{},"Expecting the stop index to be included",[31,159539,159540,159541],{},"Using a zero step like ",[15,159542,159543],{},"tuple[::0]",[31,159545,159546],{},"Assuming tuple slices return a list",[31,159548,159549],{},"Using parentheses instead of brackets",[24,159551,159552],{},"If your slice is not giving the result you expect, print the tuple, the slice, and its type.",[85,159554,159556],{"className":87,"code":159555,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple[1:4])\nprint(type(my_tuple[1:4]))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,159557,159558,159568,159586,159608],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,159559,159560,159562,159564,159566],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,159561,326],{"class":145},[94,159563,149],{"class":108},[94,159565,148108],{"class":152},[94,159567,316],{"class":108},[94,159569,159570,159572,159574,159576,159578,159580,159582,159584],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,159571,326],{"class":145},[94,159573,149],{"class":108},[94,159575,148108],{"class":152},[94,159577,539],{"class":108},[94,159579,412],{"class":112},[94,159581,384],{"class":108},[94,159583,857],{"class":112},[94,159585,4234],{"class":108},[94,159587,159588,159590,159592,159594,159596,159598,159600,159602,159604,159606],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,159589,326],{"class":145},[94,159591,149],{"class":108},[94,159593,914],{"class":913},[94,159595,149],{"class":108},[94,159597,148108],{"class":152},[94,159599,539],{"class":108},[94,159601,412],{"class":112},[94,159603,384],{"class":108},[94,159605,857],{"class":112},[94,159607,3355],{"class":108},[94,159609,159610,159612,159614,159616,159618,159620],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,159611,326],{"class":145},[94,159613,149],{"class":108},[94,159615,11490],{"class":145},[94,159617,149],{"class":108},[94,159619,148108],{"class":152},[94,159621,921],{"class":108},[24,159623,11499],{},[28,159625,159626,159628,159631,159634],{},[31,159627,155322],{},[31,159629,159630],{},"what the slice actually returns",[31,159632,159633],{},"that the result is a tuple",[31,159635,159636],{},"how many items are in the original tuple",[80,159638,2160],{"id":2159},[265,159640,159642],{"id":159641},"does-tuple-slicing-change-the-original-tuple","Does tuple slicing change the original tuple?",[24,159644,159645],{},"No. It returns a new tuple and leaves the original tuple unchanged.",[265,159647,159649],{"id":159648},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-tuple-slice","Is the stop index included in a tuple slice?",[24,159651,159652],{},"No. The stop index is excluded.",[265,159654,5479,159656,40290],{"id":159655},"what-does-tuple-1-do",[15,159657,158475],{},[24,159659,159660],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the tuple.",[265,159662,159664,159665,2170],{"id":159663},"can-tuple-slicing-cause-an-indexerror","Can tuple slicing cause an ",[15,159666,71055],{},[24,159668,159669,159670,168],{},"Normal slicing usually does not. Invalid indexing is more likely to cause ",[15,159671,71055],{},[80,159673,2232],{"id":2231},[28,159675,159676,159680,159684,159688,159692],{},[31,159677,159678],{},[434,159679,156182],{"href":151069},[31,159681,159682],{},[434,159683,149763],{"href":153189},[31,159685,159686],{},[434,159687,151012],{"href":157346},[31,159689,159690],{},[434,159691,148090],{"href":157708},[31,159693,159694],{},[434,159695,154935],{"href":159200},[2260,159697,159698],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":90,"searchDepth":130,"depth":130,"links":159700},[159701,159702,159703,159704,159712,159716,159717,159722,159723,159728,159729,159737],{"id":2360,"depth":130,"text":2361},{"id":157508,"depth":130,"text":157509},{"id":157711,"depth":130,"text":157712},{"id":76331,"depth":130,"text":76332,"children":159705},[159706,159708,159709,159710,159711],{"id":157869,"depth":137,"text":159707},"Get the first n items",{"id":157948,"depth":137,"text":157949},{"id":158026,"depth":137,"text":158027},{"id":158108,"depth":137,"text":158109},{"id":158190,"depth":137,"text":158191},{"id":76625,"depth":130,"text":76626,"children":159713},[159714,159715],{"id":158285,"depth":137,"text":158286},{"id":158369,"depth":137,"text":158370},{"id":158458,"depth":130,"text":158459},{"id":158710,"depth":130,"text":158711,"children":159718},[159719,159720,159721],{"id":158719,"depth":137,"text":158720},{"id":158835,"depth":137,"text":158836},{"id":158943,"depth":137,"text":158944},{"id":159009,"depth":130,"text":159010},{"id":77458,"depth":130,"text":15504,"children":159724},[159725,159726,159727],{"id":159226,"depth":137,"text":159227},{"id":159311,"depth":137,"text":159312},{"id":159408,"depth":137,"text":159409},{"id":1970,"depth":130,"text":1971},{"id":2159,"depth":130,"text":2160,"children":159730},[159731,159732,159733,159735],{"id":159641,"depth":137,"text":159642},{"id":159648,"depth":137,"text":159649},{"id":159655,"depth":137,"text":159734},"What does tuple[::-1] do?",{"id":159663,"depth":137,"text":159736},"Can tuple slicing cause an IndexError?",{"id":2231,"depth":130,"text":2232},"Master python tuple slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained",{"title":157352,"description":159738},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained","ROkj949_3FkekNafMx2xqeTKvYABAUil42nCZh0Pr8s",{"id":159745,"title":159746,"body":159747,"description":161570,"extension":2319,"meta":161571,"navigation":133,"path":35137,"seo":161572,"stem":161573,"__hash__":161574},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained.md","Python type() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":159748,"toc":161536},[159749,159754,159759,159763,159781,159784,159799,159805,159807,159864,159866,159898,159910,159916,159921,159924,159959,159965,159967,159970,159984,159987,159989,160012,160014,160032,160035,160051,160053,160056,160169,160171,160260,160263,160268,160274,160277,160280,160379,160381,160440,160445,160448,160517,160521,160553,160569,160574,160581,160588,160600,160602,160651,160653,160676,160682,160730,160735,160742,160750,160756,160759,160783,160786,160788,160864,160866,160891,160897,160900,160905,160909,160923,160925,160988,160990,161022,161025,161041,161043,161049,161056,161058,161077,161079,161097,161104,161109,161116,161118,161155,161158,161165,161169,161172,161230,161233,161236,161291,161293,161305,161311,161313,161317,161350,161357,161359,161422,161425,161427,161432,161446,161453,161461,161470,161479,161485,161491,161493,161533],[10,159750,13,159752,3930],{"id":159751},"python-type-function-explained",[15,159753,2659],{},[24,159755,32648,159756,159758],{},[15,159757,2659],{}," function tells you what kind of value an object is.",[24,159760,63092,159761,104871],{},[15,159762,2659],{},[28,159764,159765,159768,159771,159774],{},[31,159766,159767],{},"check whether a value is a string, number, list, or dictionary",[31,159769,159770],{},"understand what a variable currently contains",[31,159772,159773],{},"debug confusing code",[31,159775,159776,159777],{},"inspect values returned by functions such as ",[434,159778,159779],{"href":8554},[15,159780,3314],{},[24,159782,159783],{},"In most beginner code, you will use the one-argument form:",[85,159785,159787],{"className":87,"code":159786,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"type(object)\n",[15,159788,159789],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,159790,159791,159793,159795,159797],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,159792,914],{"class":913},[94,159794,149],{"class":108},[94,159796,42729],{"class":913},[94,159798,316],{"class":108},[24,159800,159801,159802,159804],{},"Python also has a three-argument form of ",[15,159803,2659],{},", but that is an advanced feature for creating classes dynamically.",[80,159806,83],{"id":82},[85,159808,159810],{"className":87,"code":159809,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(type(name))\n\nnumber = 10\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,159811,159812,159824,159838,159842,159850],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,159813,159814,159816,159818,159820,159822],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,159815,8211],{"class":100},[94,159817,105],{"class":104},[94,159819,1040],{"class":331},[94,159821,1043],{"class":335},[94,159823,1812],{"class":331},[94,159825,159826,159828,159830,159832,159834,159836],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,159827,326],{"class":145},[94,159829,149],{"class":108},[94,159831,914],{"class":913},[94,159833,149],{"class":108},[94,159835,8001],{"class":152},[94,159837,921],{"class":108},[94,159839,159840],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,159841,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,159843,159844,159846,159848],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,159845,2576],{"class":100},[94,159847,105],{"class":104},[94,159849,2942],{"class":112},[94,159851,159852,159854,159856,159858,159860,159862],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,159853,326],{"class":145},[94,159855,149],{"class":108},[94,159857,914],{"class":913},[94,159859,149],{"class":108},[94,159861,2598],{"class":152},[94,159863,921],{"class":108},[24,159865,371],{},[85,159867,159868],{"className":87,"code":125175,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,159869,159870,159884],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,159871,159872,159874,159876,159878,159880,159882],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,159873,955],{"class":104},[94,159875,959],{"class":958},[94,159877,962],{"class":331},[94,159879,1372],{"class":335},[94,159881,968],{"class":331},[94,159883,971],{"class":104},[94,159885,159886,159888,159890,159892,159894,159896],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,159887,955],{"class":104},[94,159889,959],{"class":958},[94,159891,962],{"class":331},[94,159893,2546],{"class":335},[94,159895,968],{"class":331},[94,159897,971],{"class":104},[24,159899,54,159900,159903,159904,1139,159907,168],{},[15,159901,159902],{},"type(value)"," to see the type of a value or variable. Output will look like ",[15,159905,159906],{},"\u003Cclass 'str'>",[15,159908,159909],{},"\u003Cclass 'int'>",[80,159911,13322,159913,159915],{"id":159912},"what-the-type-function-does",[15,159914,2659],{}," function does",[24,159917,159918,159920],{},[15,159919,2659],{}," returns the type of an object.",[24,159922,159923],{},"A type tells you what kind of value something is. For example:",[28,159925,159926,159931,159936,159941,159946,159951],{},[31,159927,159928,159930],{},[15,159929,1372],{}," for text",[31,159932,159933,159935],{},[15,159934,2546],{}," for whole numbers",[31,159937,159938,159940],{},[15,159939,2550],{}," for decimal numbers",[31,159942,159943,159945],{},[15,159944,965],{}," for lists",[31,159947,159948,159950],{},[15,159949,9154],{}," for dictionaries",[31,159952,159953,69419,159955,1139,159957],{},[15,159954,4212],{},[15,159956,1225],{},[15,159958,4020],{},[24,159960,159961,159962,159964],{},"This is especially useful while debugging. If your code is behaving strangely, ",[15,159963,2659],{}," can help you confirm what kind of value you are actually working with.",[80,159966,2514],{"id":2513},[24,159968,159969],{},"The main beginner form is:",[85,159971,159972],{"className":87,"code":159786,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,159973,159974],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,159975,159976,159978,159980,159982],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,159977,914],{"class":913},[94,159979,149],{"class":108},[94,159981,42729],{"class":913},[94,159983,316],{"class":108},[24,159985,159986],{},"It returns the class of the object.",[24,159988,2566],{},[85,159990,159992],{"className":87,"code":159991,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(type(\"hello\"))\n",[15,159993,159994],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,159995,159996,159998,160000,160002,160004,160006,160008,160010],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,159997,326],{"class":145},[94,159999,149],{"class":108},[94,160001,914],{"class":913},[94,160003,149],{"class":108},[94,160005,332],{"class":331},[94,160007,4190],{"class":335},[94,160009,332],{"class":331},[94,160011,921],{"class":108},[24,160013,371],{},[85,160015,160016],{"className":87,"code":46102,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,160017,160018],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,160019,160020,160022,160024,160026,160028,160030],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,160021,955],{"class":104},[94,160023,959],{"class":958},[94,160025,962],{"class":331},[94,160027,1372],{"class":335},[94,160029,968],{"class":331},[94,160031,971],{"class":104},[24,160033,160034],{},"You can pass either:",[28,160036,160037,160044],{},[31,160038,160039,160040,2167,160042],{},"a literal value such as ",[15,160041,64858],{},[15,160043,46857],{},[31,160045,160046,160047,2167,160049],{},"a variable such as ",[15,160048,8001],{},[15,160050,9631],{},[80,160052,121987],{"id":121986},[24,160054,160055],{},"Here are a few common examples.",[85,160057,160059],{"className":87,"code":160058,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(type(\"hello\"))\nprint(type(10))\nprint(type(3.14))\nprint(type([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(type({\"name\": \"Alice\"}))\nprint(type(True))\n",[15,160060,160061,160079,160093,160107,160129,160155],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,160062,160063,160065,160067,160069,160071,160073,160075,160077],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,160064,326],{"class":145},[94,160066,149],{"class":108},[94,160068,914],{"class":913},[94,160070,149],{"class":108},[94,160072,332],{"class":331},[94,160074,4190],{"class":335},[94,160076,332],{"class":331},[94,160078,921],{"class":108},[94,160080,160081,160083,160085,160087,160089,160091],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,160082,326],{"class":145},[94,160084,149],{"class":108},[94,160086,914],{"class":913},[94,160088,149],{"class":108},[94,160090,2688],{"class":112},[94,160092,921],{"class":108},[94,160094,160095,160097,160099,160101,160103,160105],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,160096,326],{"class":145},[94,160098,149],{"class":108},[94,160100,914],{"class":913},[94,160102,149],{"class":108},[94,160104,40473],{"class":112},[94,160106,921],{"class":108},[94,160108,160109,160111,160113,160115,160117,160119,160121,160123,160125,160127],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,160110,326],{"class":145},[94,160112,149],{"class":108},[94,160114,914],{"class":913},[94,160116,3342],{"class":108},[94,160118,412],{"class":112},[94,160120,116],{"class":108},[94,160122,124],{"class":112},[94,160124,116],{"class":108},[94,160126,421],{"class":112},[94,160128,3355],{"class":108},[94,160130,160131,160133,160135,160137,160139,160141,160143,160145,160147,160149,160151,160153],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,160132,326],{"class":145},[94,160134,149],{"class":108},[94,160136,914],{"class":913},[94,160138,5861],{"class":108},[94,160140,332],{"class":331},[94,160142,8001],{"class":335},[94,160144,332],{"class":331},[94,160146,384],{"class":108},[94,160148,1040],{"class":331},[94,160150,1043],{"class":335},[94,160152,332],{"class":331},[94,160154,5870],{"class":108},[94,160156,160157,160159,160161,160163,160165,160167],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,160158,326],{"class":145},[94,160160,149],{"class":108},[94,160162,914],{"class":913},[94,160164,149],{"class":108},[94,160166,1225],{"class":1224},[94,160168,921],{"class":108},[24,160170,371],{},[85,160172,160174],{"className":87,"code":160173,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'bool'>\n",[15,160175,160176,160190,160204,160218,160232,160246],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,160177,160178,160180,160182,160184,160186,160188],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,160179,955],{"class":104},[94,160181,959],{"class":958},[94,160183,962],{"class":331},[94,160185,1372],{"class":335},[94,160187,968],{"class":331},[94,160189,971],{"class":104},[94,160191,160192,160194,160196,160198,160200,160202],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,160193,955],{"class":104},[94,160195,959],{"class":958},[94,160197,962],{"class":331},[94,160199,2546],{"class":335},[94,160201,968],{"class":331},[94,160203,971],{"class":104},[94,160205,160206,160208,160210,160212,160214,160216],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,160207,955],{"class":104},[94,160209,959],{"class":958},[94,160211,962],{"class":331},[94,160213,2550],{"class":335},[94,160215,968],{"class":331},[94,160217,971],{"class":104},[94,160219,160220,160222,160224,160226,160228,160230],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,160221,955],{"class":104},[94,160223,959],{"class":958},[94,160225,962],{"class":331},[94,160227,965],{"class":335},[94,160229,968],{"class":331},[94,160231,971],{"class":104},[94,160233,160234,160236,160238,160240,160242,160244],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,160235,955],{"class":104},[94,160237,959],{"class":958},[94,160239,962],{"class":331},[94,160241,9154],{"class":335},[94,160243,968],{"class":331},[94,160245,971],{"class":104},[94,160247,160248,160250,160252,160254,160256,160258],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,160249,955],{"class":104},[94,160251,959],{"class":958},[94,160253,962],{"class":331},[94,160255,4212],{"class":335},[94,160257,968],{"class":331},[94,160259,971],{"class":104},[24,160261,160262],{},"These results show the exact type of each value.",[24,160264,160265,160266,168],{},"If you are still learning Python data types, see ",[434,160267,45129],{"href":49309},[80,160269,1484,160271,160273],{"id":160270},"using-type-with-variables",[15,160272,2659],{}," with variables",[24,160275,160276],{},"In Python, variables do not have one fixed type forever.",[24,160278,160279],{},"A variable can point to different kinds of values at different times.",[85,160281,160283],{"className":87,"code":160282,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"value = 10\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = \"ten\"\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = [10]\nprint(value, type(value))\n",[15,160284,160285,160293,160311,160315,160327,160345,160349,160361],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,160286,160287,160289,160291],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,160288,2804],{"class":100},[94,160290,105],{"class":104},[94,160292,2942],{"class":112},[94,160294,160295,160297,160299,160301,160303,160305,160307,160309],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,160296,326],{"class":145},[94,160298,149],{"class":108},[94,160300,2829],{"class":152},[94,160302,116],{"class":108},[94,160304,49721],{"class":913},[94,160306,149],{"class":108},[94,160308,2829],{"class":152},[94,160310,921],{"class":108},[94,160312,160313],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,160314,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,160316,160317,160319,160321,160323,160325],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,160318,2804],{"class":100},[94,160320,105],{"class":104},[94,160322,1040],{"class":331},[94,160324,46239],{"class":335},[94,160326,1812],{"class":331},[94,160328,160329,160331,160333,160335,160337,160339,160341,160343],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,160330,326],{"class":145},[94,160332,149],{"class":108},[94,160334,2829],{"class":152},[94,160336,116],{"class":108},[94,160338,49721],{"class":913},[94,160340,149],{"class":108},[94,160342,2829],{"class":152},[94,160344,921],{"class":108},[94,160346,160347],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,160348,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,160350,160351,160353,160355,160357,160359],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,160352,2804],{"class":100},[94,160354,105],{"class":104},[94,160356,109],{"class":108},[94,160358,2688],{"class":112},[94,160360,127],{"class":108},[94,160362,160363,160365,160367,160369,160371,160373,160375,160377],{"class":96,"line":702},[94,160364,326],{"class":145},[94,160366,149],{"class":108},[94,160368,2829],{"class":152},[94,160370,116],{"class":108},[94,160372,49721],{"class":913},[94,160374,149],{"class":108},[94,160376,2829],{"class":152},[94,160378,921],{"class":108},[24,160380,371],{},[85,160382,160384],{"className":87,"code":160383,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"10 \u003Cclass 'int'>\nten \u003Cclass 'str'>\n[10] \u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,160385,160386,160403,160420],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,160387,160388,160390,160393,160395,160397,160399,160401],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,160389,2688],{"class":112},[94,160391,160392],{"class":104}," \u003C",[94,160394,959],{"class":958},[94,160396,962],{"class":331},[94,160398,2546],{"class":335},[94,160400,968],{"class":331},[94,160402,971],{"class":104},[94,160404,160405,160408,160410,160412,160414,160416,160418],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,160406,160407],{"class":100},"ten ",[94,160409,955],{"class":104},[94,160411,959],{"class":958},[94,160413,962],{"class":331},[94,160415,1372],{"class":335},[94,160417,968],{"class":331},[94,160419,971],{"class":104},[94,160421,160422,160424,160426,160428,160430,160432,160434,160436,160438],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,160423,539],{"class":108},[94,160425,2688],{"class":112},[94,160427,13600],{"class":108},[94,160429,160392],{"class":104},[94,160431,959],{"class":958},[94,160433,962],{"class":331},[94,160435,965],{"class":335},[94,160437,968],{"class":331},[94,160439,971],{"class":104},[24,160441,160442,160444],{},[15,160443,2659],{}," shows the current type of the value stored in the variable.",[24,160446,160447],{},"This is helpful when values come from user input or conversions.",[85,160449,160451],{"className":87,"code":160450,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"user_input = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(user_input))\n\nconverted = int(user_input)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,160452,160453,160471,160485,160489,160503],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,160454,160455,160457,160459,160461,160463,160465,160467,160469],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,160456,3744],{"class":100},[94,160458,105],{"class":104},[94,160460,8577],{"class":145},[94,160462,149],{"class":108},[94,160464,332],{"class":331},[94,160466,42202],{"class":335},[94,160468,332],{"class":331},[94,160470,316],{"class":108},[94,160472,160473,160475,160477,160479,160481,160483],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,160474,326],{"class":145},[94,160476,149],{"class":108},[94,160478,914],{"class":913},[94,160480,149],{"class":108},[94,160482,3770],{"class":152},[94,160484,921],{"class":108},[94,160486,160487],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,160488,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,160490,160491,160493,160495,160497,160499,160501],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,160492,123099],{"class":100},[94,160494,105],{"class":104},[94,160496,45608],{"class":913},[94,160498,149],{"class":108},[94,160500,3770],{"class":152},[94,160502,316],{"class":108},[94,160504,160505,160507,160509,160511,160513,160515],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,160506,326],{"class":145},[94,160508,149],{"class":108},[94,160510,914],{"class":913},[94,160512,149],{"class":108},[94,160514,123122],{"class":152},[94,160516,921],{"class":108},[24,160518,41451,160519,41455],{},[15,160520,9526],{},[85,160522,160523],{"className":87,"code":125175,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,160524,160525,160539],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,160526,160527,160529,160531,160533,160535,160537],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,160528,955],{"class":104},[94,160530,959],{"class":958},[94,160532,962],{"class":331},[94,160534,1372],{"class":335},[94,160536,968],{"class":331},[94,160538,971],{"class":104},[94,160540,160541,160543,160545,160547,160549,160551],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,160542,955],{"class":104},[94,160544,959],{"class":958},[94,160546,962],{"class":331},[94,160548,2546],{"class":335},[94,160550,968],{"class":331},[94,160552,971],{"class":104},[24,160554,46035,160555,160559,160560,2167,160564,160568],{},[434,160556,160557],{"href":8554},[15,160558,3314],{}," always returns a string. You must convert it with a function like ",[434,160561,160562],{"href":3231},[15,160563,3234],{},[434,160565,160566],{"href":3237},[15,160567,3240],{}," if you need a number.",[24,160570,160571,160572,168],{},"For a step-by-step guide, see ",[434,160573,9314],{"href":9313},[80,160575,160577,18,160579],{"id":160576},"type-vs-isinstance",[15,160578,2659],{},[15,160580,45137],{},[24,160582,160583,1139,160585,160587],{},[15,160584,2659],{},[15,160586,45137],{}," are related, but they do different jobs.",[28,160589,160590,160595],{},[31,160591,160592,160594],{},[15,160593,2659],{}," tells you the exact type",[31,160596,160597,160599],{},[15,160598,45137],{}," checks whether a value matches a type",[24,160601,2566],{},[85,160603,160605],{"className":87,"code":160604,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,160606,160607,160615,160619,160633],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,160608,160609,160611,160613],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,160610,2804],{"class":100},[94,160612,105],{"class":104},[94,160614,35171],{"class":112},[94,160616,160617],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,160618,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,160620,160621,160623,160625,160627,160629,160631],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,160622,326],{"class":145},[94,160624,149],{"class":108},[94,160626,914],{"class":913},[94,160628,149],{"class":108},[94,160630,2829],{"class":152},[94,160632,921],{"class":108},[94,160634,160635,160637,160639,160641,160643,160645,160647,160649],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,160636,326],{"class":145},[94,160638,149],{"class":108},[94,160640,49207],{"class":145},[94,160642,149],{"class":108},[94,160644,2829],{"class":152},[94,160646,116],{"class":108},[94,160648,45608],{"class":913},[94,160650,921],{"class":108},[24,160652,371],{},[85,160654,160656],{"className":87,"code":160655,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\nTrue\n",[15,160657,160658,160672],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,160659,160660,160662,160664,160666,160668,160670],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,160661,955],{"class":104},[94,160663,959],{"class":958},[94,160665,962],{"class":331},[94,160667,2546],{"class":335},[94,160669,968],{"class":331},[94,160671,971],{"class":104},[94,160673,160674],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,160675,4325],{"class":1224},[24,160677,160678,160679,160681],{},"For many beginner condition checks, ",[15,160680,45137],{}," is more practical.",[85,160683,160685],{"className":87,"code":160684,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"value = 5\n\nif isinstance(value, int):\n    print(\"This is an integer\")\n",[15,160686,160687,160695,160699,160715],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,160688,160689,160691,160693],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,160690,2804],{"class":100},[94,160692,105],{"class":104},[94,160694,35171],{"class":112},[94,160696,160697],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,160698,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,160700,160701,160703,160705,160707,160709,160711,160713],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,160702,7330],{"class":4221},[94,160704,49944],{"class":145},[94,160706,149],{"class":108},[94,160708,2829],{"class":152},[94,160710,116],{"class":108},[94,160712,45608],{"class":913},[94,160714,8676],{"class":108},[94,160716,160717,160719,160721,160723,160726,160728],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,160718,8404],{"class":145},[94,160720,149],{"class":108},[94,160722,332],{"class":331},[94,160724,160725],{"class":335},"This is an integer",[94,160727,332],{"class":331},[94,160729,316],{"class":108},[24,160731,54,160732,160734],{},[15,160733,2659],{}," when you want to inspect or print the exact type.",[24,160736,54,160737,160739,160740,7505],{},[15,160738,45137],{}," when you want to check a type inside logic such as ",[15,160741,7330],{},[24,160743,160744,160745,168],{},"See the dedicated guide for more detail: ",[434,160746,13,160748,439],{"href":160747},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained\u002F",[15,160749,45137],{},[80,160751,160753,160754],{"id":160752},"the-three-argument-form-of-type","The three-argument form of ",[15,160755,2659],{},[24,160757,160758],{},"Python also supports this advanced form:",[85,160760,160762],{"className":87,"code":160761,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"type(name, bases, dict)\n",[15,160763,160764],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,160765,160766,160768,160770,160772,160774,160777,160779,160781],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,160767,914],{"class":913},[94,160769,149],{"class":108},[94,160771,8001],{"class":152},[94,160773,116],{"class":108},[94,160775,160776],{"class":152}," bases",[94,160778,116],{"class":108},[94,160780,9504],{"class":913},[94,160782,316],{"class":108},[24,160784,160785],{},"This creates a new class dynamically.",[24,160787,2566],{},[85,160789,160791],{"className":87,"code":160790,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"Person = type(\"Person\", (), {\"species\": \"human\"})\n\nprint(Person)\nprint(Person.species)\n",[15,160792,160793,160836,160840,160850],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,160794,160795,160798,160800,160802,160804,160806,160809,160811,160813,160816,160818,160820,160823,160825,160827,160829,160832,160834],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,160796,160797],{"class":100},"Person ",[94,160799,105],{"class":104},[94,160801,49721],{"class":913},[94,160803,149],{"class":108},[94,160805,332],{"class":331},[94,160807,160808],{"class":335},"Person",[94,160810,332],{"class":331},[94,160812,116],{"class":108},[94,160814,160815],{"class":108}," (),",[94,160817,10823],{"class":108},[94,160819,332],{"class":331},[94,160821,160822],{"class":335},"species",[94,160824,332],{"class":331},[94,160826,384],{"class":108},[94,160828,1040],{"class":331},[94,160830,160831],{"class":335},"human",[94,160833,332],{"class":331},[94,160835,30827],{"class":108},[94,160837,160838],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,160839,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,160841,160842,160844,160846,160848],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,160843,326],{"class":145},[94,160845,149],{"class":108},[94,160847,160808],{"class":152},[94,160849,316],{"class":108},[94,160851,160852,160854,160856,160858,160860,160862],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,160853,326],{"class":145},[94,160855,149],{"class":108},[94,160857,160808],{"class":152},[94,160859,168],{"class":108},[94,160861,160822],{"class":1377},[94,160863,316],{"class":108},[24,160865,371],{},[85,160867,160869],{"className":87,"code":160868,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"\u003Cclass '__main__.Person'>\nhuman\n",[15,160870,160871,160886],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,160872,160873,160875,160877,160879,160882,160884],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,160874,955],{"class":104},[94,160876,959],{"class":958},[94,160878,962],{"class":331},[94,160880,160881],{"class":335},"__main__.Person",[94,160883,968],{"class":331},[94,160885,971],{"class":104},[94,160887,160888],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,160889,160890],{"class":100},"human\n",[24,160892,160893,160894,160896],{},"Most beginners do ",[43,160895,45],{}," need this form.",[24,160898,160899],{},"It is mainly used in advanced Python code involving classes and metaprogramming. For everyday learning and debugging, the one-argument form is the important one.",[80,160901,815,160903],{"id":160902},"when-to-use-type",[15,160904,2659],{},[24,160906,160907,12770],{},[15,160908,2659],{},[28,160910,160911,160914,160917,160920],{},[31,160912,160913],{},"debug unexpected values",[31,160915,160916],{},"check what a conversion produced",[31,160918,160919],{},"learn Python data types",[31,160921,160922],{},"inspect objects while reading examples",[24,160924,5804],{},[85,160926,160928],{"className":87,"code":160927,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,160929,160930,160942,160956,160960,160974],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,160931,160932,160934,160936,160938,160940],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,160933,1803],{"class":100},[94,160935,105],{"class":104},[94,160937,1040],{"class":331},[94,160939,50577],{"class":335},[94,160941,1812],{"class":331},[94,160943,160944,160946,160948,160950,160952,160954],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,160945,2576],{"class":100},[94,160947,105],{"class":104},[94,160949,45608],{"class":913},[94,160951,149],{"class":108},[94,160953,1817],{"class":152},[94,160955,316],{"class":108},[94,160957,160958],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,160959,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,160961,160962,160964,160966,160968,160970,160972],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,160963,326],{"class":145},[94,160965,149],{"class":108},[94,160967,914],{"class":913},[94,160969,149],{"class":108},[94,160971,1817],{"class":152},[94,160973,921],{"class":108},[94,160975,160976,160978,160980,160982,160984,160986],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,160977,326],{"class":145},[94,160979,149],{"class":108},[94,160981,914],{"class":913},[94,160983,149],{"class":108},[94,160985,2598],{"class":152},[94,160987,921],{"class":108},[24,160989,371],{},[85,160991,160992],{"className":87,"code":125175,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,160993,160994,161008],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,160995,160996,160998,161000,161002,161004,161006],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,160997,955],{"class":104},[94,160999,959],{"class":958},[94,161001,962],{"class":331},[94,161003,1372],{"class":335},[94,161005,968],{"class":331},[94,161007,971],{"class":104},[94,161009,161010,161012,161014,161016,161018,161020],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,161011,955],{"class":104},[94,161013,959],{"class":958},[94,161015,962],{"class":331},[94,161017,2546],{"class":335},[94,161019,968],{"class":331},[94,161021,971],{"class":104},[24,161023,161024],{},"This helps you see the difference between text and numbers clearly.",[24,161026,161027,161028,2547,161032,17401,161036,161040],{},"If you need to convert values after checking them, functions like ",[434,161029,161030],{"href":42505},[15,161031,48015],{},[434,161033,161034],{"href":3231},[15,161035,3234],{},[434,161037,161038],{"href":3237},[15,161039,3240],{}," are often the next step.",[80,161042,25689],{"id":25688},[24,161044,161045,161046,161048],{},"A few things about ",[15,161047,2659],{}," often confuse beginners.",[265,161050,161052,161055],{"id":161051},"type5-does-not-return-plain-text",[15,161053,161054],{},"type(5)"," does not return plain text",[24,161057,64967],{},[85,161059,161061],{"className":87,"code":161060,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(type(5))\n",[15,161062,161063],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,161064,161065,161067,161069,161071,161073,161075],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,161066,326],{"class":145},[94,161068,149],{"class":108},[94,161070,914],{"class":913},[94,161072,149],{"class":108},[94,161074,615],{"class":112},[94,161076,921],{"class":108},[24,161078,123018],{},[85,161080,161081],{"className":87,"code":156530,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,161082,161083],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,161084,161085,161087,161089,161091,161093,161095],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,161086,955],{"class":104},[94,161088,959],{"class":958},[94,161090,962],{"class":331},[94,161092,2546],{"class":335},[94,161094,968],{"class":331},[94,161096,971],{"class":104},[24,161098,41236,161099,161101,161102,168],{},[43,161100,45],{}," print just ",[15,161103,2546],{},[24,161105,7009,161106,161108],{},[15,161107,2659],{}," returns a class object.",[265,161110,161112,74,161114],{"id":161111},"input-returns-str",[15,161113,3314],{},[15,161115,1372],{},[24,161117,79849],{},[85,161119,161121],{"className":87,"code":161120,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,161122,161123,161141],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,161124,161125,161127,161129,161131,161133,161135,161137,161139],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,161126,2804],{"class":100},[94,161128,105],{"class":104},[94,161130,8577],{"class":145},[94,161132,149],{"class":108},[94,161134,332],{"class":331},[94,161136,46642],{"class":335},[94,161138,332],{"class":331},[94,161140,316],{"class":108},[94,161142,161143,161145,161147,161149,161151,161153],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,161144,326],{"class":145},[94,161146,149],{"class":108},[94,161148,914],{"class":913},[94,161150,149],{"class":108},[94,161152,2829],{"class":152},[94,161154,921],{"class":108},[24,161156,161157],{},"No matter what the user types, the result is a string unless you convert it.",[24,161159,161160,161161,2167,161163,168],{},"If you need a number, use ",[15,161162,3234],{},[15,161164,3240],{},[265,161166,161168],{"id":161167},"comparing-type-names-as-strings-is-usually-not-the-best-idea","Comparing type names as strings is usually not the best idea",[24,161170,161171],{},"Avoid code like this:",[85,161173,161175],{"className":87,"code":161174,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"value = 5\n\nif str(type(value)) == \"\u003Cclass 'int'>\":\n    print(\"It is an int\")\n",[15,161176,161177,161185,161189,161215],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,161178,161179,161181,161183],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,161180,2804],{"class":100},[94,161182,105],{"class":104},[94,161184,35171],{"class":112},[94,161186,161187],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,161188,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,161190,161191,161193,161195,161197,161199,161201,161203,161205,161207,161209,161211,161213],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,161192,7330],{"class":4221},[94,161194,49236],{"class":913},[94,161196,149],{"class":108},[94,161198,914],{"class":913},[94,161200,149],{"class":108},[94,161202,2829],{"class":152},[94,161204,5693],{"class":108},[94,161206,6741],{"class":104},[94,161208,1040],{"class":331},[94,161210,159909],{"class":335},[94,161212,332],{"class":331},[94,161214,6726],{"class":108},[94,161216,161217,161219,161221,161223,161226,161228],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,161218,8404],{"class":145},[94,161220,149],{"class":108},[94,161222,332],{"class":331},[94,161224,161225],{"class":335},"It is an int",[94,161227,332],{"class":331},[94,161229,316],{"class":108},[24,161231,161232],{},"This works, but it is not a good approach.",[24,161234,161235],{},"Better options:",[85,161237,161239],{"className":87,"code":161238,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value) == int)\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,161240,161241,161249,161253,161273],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,161242,161243,161245,161247],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,161244,2804],{"class":100},[94,161246,105],{"class":104},[94,161248,35171],{"class":112},[94,161250,161251],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,161252,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,161254,161255,161257,161259,161261,161263,161265,161267,161269,161271],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,161256,326],{"class":145},[94,161258,149],{"class":108},[94,161260,914],{"class":913},[94,161262,149],{"class":108},[94,161264,2829],{"class":152},[94,161266,156],{"class":108},[94,161268,6741],{"class":104},[94,161270,45608],{"class":913},[94,161272,316],{"class":108},[94,161274,161275,161277,161279,161281,161283,161285,161287,161289],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,161276,326],{"class":145},[94,161278,149],{"class":108},[94,161280,49207],{"class":145},[94,161282,149],{"class":108},[94,161284,2829],{"class":152},[94,161286,116],{"class":108},[94,161288,45608],{"class":913},[94,161290,921],{"class":108},[24,161292,371],{},[85,161294,161295],{"className":87,"code":4848,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,161296,161297,161301],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,161298,161299],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,161300,4325],{"class":1224},[94,161302,161303],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,161304,4325],{"class":1224},[24,161306,161307,161308,161310],{},"In most real code, ",[15,161309,45137],{}," is the more useful check.",[80,161312,3186],{"id":3185},[24,161314,15061,161315,384],{},[15,161316,2659],{},[28,161318,161319,161329,161338,161347],{},[31,161320,1484,161321,161323,161324,161328],{},[15,161322,2659],{}," to check user input and forgetting that ",[434,161325,161326],{"href":8554},[15,161327,3314],{}," always returns a string",[31,161330,8786,161331,161333,161334,11420,161336],{},[15,161332,2659],{}," to return plain text like ",[15,161335,2546],{},[15,161337,159909],{},[31,161339,1484,161340,44961,161343,161346],{},[15,161341,161342],{},"type(x) == SomeType",[15,161344,161345],{},"isinstance(x, SomeType)"," is more appropriate",[31,161348,161349],{},"Confusing the basic one-argument form with the advanced class-creation form",[24,161351,161352,161353,168],{},"If your problem is really about bad input or failed conversion, you may also want to read ",[434,161354,161356],{"href":161355},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained\u002F","TypeError vs ValueError in Python explained",[24,161358,144684],{},[85,161360,161362],{"className":87,"code":161361,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(repr(value))\nhelp(type)\ndir(value)\n",[15,161363,161364,161378,161388,161402,161412],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,161365,161366,161368,161370,161372,161374,161376],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,161367,326],{"class":145},[94,161369,149],{"class":108},[94,161371,914],{"class":913},[94,161373,149],{"class":108},[94,161375,2829],{"class":152},[94,161377,921],{"class":108},[94,161379,161380,161382,161384,161386],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,161381,326],{"class":145},[94,161383,149],{"class":108},[94,161385,2829],{"class":152},[94,161387,316],{"class":108},[94,161389,161390,161392,161394,161396,161398,161400],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,161391,326],{"class":145},[94,161393,149],{"class":108},[94,161395,42110],{"class":145},[94,161397,149],{"class":108},[94,161399,2829],{"class":152},[94,161401,921],{"class":108},[94,161403,161404,161406,161408,161410],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,161405,2080],{"class":145},[94,161407,149],{"class":108},[94,161409,914],{"class":913},[94,161411,316],{"class":108},[94,161413,161414,161416,161418,161420],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,161415,34703],{"class":145},[94,161417,149],{"class":108},[94,161419,2829],{"class":152},[94,161421,316],{"class":108},[24,161423,161424],{},"These can help you understand both the value and the object you are working with.",[80,161426,2160],{"id":2159},[265,161428,5479,161430,5482],{"id":161429},"what-does-type-return-in-python",[15,161431,2659],{},[24,161433,161434,161435,2547,161437,2547,161439,2551,161441,161443,161444,168],{},"It returns the type of an object, such as ",[15,161436,1372],{},[15,161438,2546],{},[15,161440,965],{},[15,161442,9154],{},", shown as a class object like ",[15,161445,159906],{},[265,161447,15230,161449,57529,161451,2170],{"id":161448},"is-type-the-same-as-isinstance",[15,161450,2659],{},[15,161452,45137],{},[24,161454,2207,161455,161457,161458,161460],{},[15,161456,2659],{}," shows the exact type. ",[15,161459,45137],{}," checks whether a value is an instance of a type.",[265,161462,2179,161464,161467,161468,2170],{"id":161463},"why-does-typeinputenter-show-str",[15,161465,161466],{},"type(input(\"Enter: \"))"," show ",[15,161469,1372],{},[24,161471,29392,161472,161474,161475,2167,161477,160568],{},[15,161473,3314],{}," always returns text. Convert it with ",[15,161476,3234],{},[15,161478,3240],{},[265,161480,2191,161482,161484],{"id":161481},"can-type-create-classes",[15,161483,2659],{}," create classes?",[24,161486,161487,161488,168],{},"Yes, in its three-argument form, but most beginners only need ",[15,161489,161490],{},"type(object)",[80,161492,2232],{"id":2231},[28,161494,161495,161499,161505,161511,161515,161521,161527],{},[31,161496,161497],{},[434,161498,45129],{"href":49309},[31,161500,161501],{},[434,161502,13,161503,439],{"href":160747},[15,161504,45137],{},[31,161506,161507],{},[434,161508,13,161509,439],{"href":8554},[15,161510,3314],{},[31,161512,161513],{},[434,161514,9391],{"href":9313},[31,161516,161517],{},[434,161518,13,161519,439],{"href":3231},[15,161520,3234],{},[31,161522,161523],{},[434,161524,13,161525,439],{"href":3237},[15,161526,3240],{},[31,161528,161529],{},[434,161530,13,161531,439],{"href":42505},[15,161532,48015],{},[2260,161534,161535],{},"html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":90,"searchDepth":130,"depth":130,"links":161537},[161538,161539,161541,161542,161543,161545,161547,161549,161551,161558,161559,161569],{"id":82,"depth":130,"text":83},{"id":159912,"depth":130,"text":161540},"What the type() function does",{"id":2513,"depth":130,"text":2514},{"id":121986,"depth":130,"text":121987},{"id":160270,"depth":130,"text":161544},"Using type() with variables",{"id":160576,"depth":130,"text":161546},"type() vs isinstance()",{"id":160752,"depth":130,"text":161548},"The three-argument form of type()",{"id":160902,"depth":130,"text":161550},"When to use type()",{"id":25688,"depth":130,"text":25689,"children":161552},[161553,161555,161557],{"id":161051,"depth":137,"text":161554},"type(5) does not return plain text",{"id":161111,"depth":137,"text":161556},"input() returns str",{"id":161167,"depth":137,"text":161168},{"id":3185,"depth":130,"text":3186},{"id":2159,"depth":130,"text":2160,"children":161560},[161561,161563,161565,161567],{"id":161429,"depth":137,"text":161562},"What does type() return in Python?",{"id":161448,"depth":137,"text":161564},"Is type() the same as isinstance()?",{"id":161463,"depth":137,"text":161566},"Why does type(input(\"Enter: \")) show str?",{"id":161481,"depth":137,"text":161568},"Can type() create classes?",{"id":2231,"depth":130,"text":2232},"Master python type function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":159746,"description":161570},"reference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained","lFC3dTd8qBenijQclazGCNFBbd8GpCTjh_Z1roTe7DM",{"id":161576,"title":161577,"body":161578,"description":164057,"extension":2319,"meta":164058,"navigation":133,"path":164059,"seo":164060,"stem":164061,"__hash__":164062},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained.md","Python zip() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":161579,"toc":164014},[161580,161585,161590,161599,161601,161701,161703,161728,161733,161738,161754,161757,161759,161761,161786,161789,161792,161875,161877,161926,161929,162051,162053,162126,162130,162133,162247,162249,162275,162277,162298,162303,162307,162312,162315,162419,162421,162438,162447,162450,162537,162539,162550,162555,162561,162566,162572,162575,162668,162670,162719,162725,162728,162829,162831,162884,162889,162893,162896,162995,162997,163036,163039,163044,163046,163051,163055,163168,163172,163269,163273,163361,163363,163380,163384,163507,163513,163519,163525,163530,163533,163560,163564,163566,163660,163663,163667,163670,163757,163760,163795,163797,163834,163837,163845,163850,163855,163929,163936,163938,163943,163946,163952,163955,163961,163966,163972,163977,163981,163984,163986,164011],[10,161581,13,161583,3930],{"id":161582},"python-zip-function-explained",[15,161584,64643],{},[24,161586,161587,161589],{},[15,161588,64643],{}," is a built-in Python function that combines items from two or more iterables by position.",[24,161591,161592,161593,161595,161596,161598],{},"It is useful when you want to work with related values at the same time, such as names and scores, or keys and values. Beginners often use ",[15,161594,64643],{}," inside a ",[15,161597,6289],{}," loop or convert its result into a list or dictionary.",[80,161600,2361],{"id":2360},[85,161602,161604],{"className":87,"code":161603,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,161605,161606,161638,161658,161662,161687],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,161607,161608,161610,161612,161614,161616,161618,161620,161622,161624,161626,161628,161630,161632,161634,161636],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,161609,1024],{"class":100},[94,161611,105],{"class":104},[94,161613,109],{"class":108},[94,161615,332],{"class":331},[94,161617,13206],{"class":335},[94,161619,332],{"class":331},[94,161621,116],{"class":108},[94,161623,1040],{"class":331},[94,161625,36268],{"class":335},[94,161627,332],{"class":331},[94,161629,116],{"class":108},[94,161631,1040],{"class":331},[94,161633,36277],{"class":335},[94,161635,332],{"class":331},[94,161637,127],{"class":108},[94,161639,161640,161642,161644,161646,161648,161650,161652,161654,161656],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,161641,5401],{"class":100},[94,161643,105],{"class":104},[94,161645,109],{"class":108},[94,161647,13829],{"class":112},[94,161649,116],{"class":108},[94,161651,13834],{"class":112},[94,161653,116],{"class":108},[94,161655,29251],{"class":112},[94,161657,127],{"class":108},[94,161659,161660],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,161661,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,161663,161664,161666,161668,161670,161672,161674,161677,161679,161681,161683,161685],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,161665,6289],{"class":4221},[94,161667,36319],{"class":100},[94,161669,116],{"class":108},[94,161671,5443],{"class":100},[94,161673,4228],{"class":4221},[94,161675,161676],{"class":145}," zip",[94,161678,149],{"class":108},[94,161680,1065],{"class":152},[94,161682,116],{"class":108},[94,161684,5448],{"class":152},[94,161686,8676],{"class":108},[94,161688,161689,161691,161693,161695,161697,161699],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,161690,8404],{"class":145},[94,161692,149],{"class":108},[94,161694,8001],{"class":152},[94,161696,116],{"class":108},[94,161698,130964],{"class":152},[94,161700,316],{"class":108},[24,161702,371],{},[85,161704,161706],{"className":87,"code":161705,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"Ana 90\nBen 85\nCara 88\n",[15,161707,161708,161714,161721],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,161709,161710,161712],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,161711,133983],{"class":100},[94,161713,33467],{"class":112},[94,161715,161716,161719],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,161717,161718],{"class":100},"Ben ",[94,161720,33472],{"class":112},[94,161722,161723,161726],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,161724,161725],{"class":100},"Cara ",[94,161727,33477],{"class":112},[24,161729,54,161730,161732],{},[15,161731,64643],{}," when you want to loop through two or more iterables at the same time. It pairs items by position.",[80,161734,215,161736,218],{"id":161735},"what-zip-does",[15,161737,64643],{},[28,161739,161740,161745,161748,161751],{},[31,161741,161742,161744],{},[15,161743,64643],{}," combines items from two or more iterables",[31,161746,161747],{},"It groups items by matching positions",[31,161749,161750],{},"The result is a zip object, which is an iterator",[31,161752,161753],{},"A zip object can be looped over or converted to a list",[24,161755,161756],{},"For example, if you combine two lists, the first item from each list becomes one pair, the second item from each list becomes another pair, and so on.",[80,161758,2514],{"id":2513},[24,161760,7551],{},[85,161762,161764],{"className":87,"code":161763,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"zip(iterable1, iterable2, ...)\n",[15,161765,161766],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,161767,161768,161770,161772,161775,161777,161780,161782,161784],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,161769,64713],{"class":145},[94,161771,149],{"class":108},[94,161773,161774],{"class":152},"iterable1",[94,161776,116],{"class":108},[94,161778,161779],{"class":152}," iterable2",[94,161781,116],{"class":108},[94,161783,34785],{"class":145},[94,161785,316],{"class":108},[24,161787,161788],{},"Each step creates one tuple of matched items.",[24,161790,161791],{},"If you pass two iterables, each result item has two values:",[85,161793,161795],{"className":87,"code":161794,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nletters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(numbers, letters)))\n",[15,161796,161797,161817,161849,161853],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,161798,161799,161801,161803,161805,161807,161809,161811,161813,161815],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,161800,101],{"class":100},[94,161802,105],{"class":104},[94,161804,109],{"class":108},[94,161806,412],{"class":112},[94,161808,116],{"class":108},[94,161810,124],{"class":112},[94,161812,116],{"class":108},[94,161814,421],{"class":112},[94,161816,127],{"class":108},[94,161818,161819,161821,161823,161825,161827,161829,161831,161833,161835,161837,161839,161841,161843,161845,161847],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,161820,36418],{"class":100},[94,161822,105],{"class":104},[94,161824,109],{"class":108},[94,161826,332],{"class":331},[94,161828,434],{"class":335},[94,161830,332],{"class":331},[94,161832,116],{"class":108},[94,161834,1040],{"class":331},[94,161836,1937],{"class":335},[94,161838,332],{"class":331},[94,161840,116],{"class":108},[94,161842,1040],{"class":331},[94,161844,1946],{"class":335},[94,161846,332],{"class":331},[94,161848,127],{"class":108},[94,161850,161851],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,161852,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,161854,161855,161857,161859,161861,161863,161865,161867,161869,161871,161873],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,161856,326],{"class":145},[94,161858,149],{"class":108},[94,161860,965],{"class":913},[94,161862,149],{"class":108},[94,161864,64713],{"class":145},[94,161866,149],{"class":108},[94,161868,153],{"class":152},[94,161870,116],{"class":108},[94,161872,70420],{"class":152},[94,161874,3268],{"class":108},[24,161876,371],{},[85,161878,161880],{"className":87,"code":161879,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"[(1, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (3, 'c')]\n",[15,161881,161882],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,161883,161884,161886,161888,161890,161892,161894,161896,161898,161900,161902,161904,161906,161908,161910,161912,161914,161916,161918,161920,161922,161924],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,161885,22071],{"class":108},[94,161887,412],{"class":112},[94,161889,116],{"class":108},[94,161891,962],{"class":331},[94,161893,434],{"class":335},[94,161895,968],{"class":331},[94,161897,9566],{"class":108},[94,161899,854],{"class":108},[94,161901,763],{"class":112},[94,161903,116],{"class":108},[94,161905,962],{"class":331},[94,161907,1937],{"class":335},[94,161909,968],{"class":331},[94,161911,9566],{"class":108},[94,161913,854],{"class":108},[94,161915,113],{"class":112},[94,161917,116],{"class":108},[94,161919,962],{"class":331},[94,161921,1946],{"class":335},[94,161923,968],{"class":331},[94,161925,9581],{"class":108},[24,161927,161928],{},"If you pass three iterables, each result item has three values:",[85,161930,161932],{"className":87,"code":161931,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\ngrades = [\"A\", \"B\", \"B+\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(names, scores, grades)))\n",[15,161933,161934,161966,161986,162020,162024],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,161935,161936,161938,161940,161942,161944,161946,161948,161950,161952,161954,161956,161958,161960,161962,161964],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,161937,1024],{"class":100},[94,161939,105],{"class":104},[94,161941,109],{"class":108},[94,161943,332],{"class":331},[94,161945,13206],{"class":335},[94,161947,332],{"class":331},[94,161949,116],{"class":108},[94,161951,1040],{"class":331},[94,161953,36268],{"class":335},[94,161955,332],{"class":331},[94,161957,116],{"class":108},[94,161959,1040],{"class":331},[94,161961,36277],{"class":335},[94,161963,332],{"class":331},[94,161965,127],{"class":108},[94,161967,161968,161970,161972,161974,161976,161978,161980,161982,161984],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,161969,5401],{"class":100},[94,161971,105],{"class":104},[94,161973,109],{"class":108},[94,161975,13829],{"class":112},[94,161977,116],{"class":108},[94,161979,13834],{"class":112},[94,161981,116],{"class":108},[94,161983,29251],{"class":112},[94,161985,127],{"class":108},[94,161987,161988,161991,161993,161995,161997,161999,162001,162003,162005,162007,162009,162011,162013,162016,162018],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,161989,161990],{"class":100},"grades ",[94,161992,105],{"class":104},[94,161994,109],{"class":108},[94,161996,332],{"class":331},[94,161998,22576],{"class":335},[94,162000,332],{"class":331},[94,162002,116],{"class":108},[94,162004,1040],{"class":331},[94,162006,30931],{"class":335},[94,162008,332],{"class":331},[94,162010,116],{"class":108},[94,162012,1040],{"class":331},[94,162014,162015],{"class":335},"B+",[94,162017,332],{"class":331},[94,162019,127],{"class":108},[94,162021,162022],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,162023,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,162025,162026,162028,162030,162032,162034,162036,162038,162040,162042,162044,162046,162049],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,162027,326],{"class":145},[94,162029,149],{"class":108},[94,162031,965],{"class":913},[94,162033,149],{"class":108},[94,162035,64713],{"class":145},[94,162037,149],{"class":108},[94,162039,1065],{"class":152},[94,162041,116],{"class":108},[94,162043,5448],{"class":152},[94,162045,116],{"class":108},[94,162047,162048],{"class":152}," grades",[94,162050,3268],{"class":108},[24,162052,371],{},[85,162054,162056],{"className":87,"code":162055,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"[('Ana', 90, 'A'), ('Ben', 85, 'B'), ('Cara', 88, 'B+')]\n",[15,162057,162058],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,162059,162060,162062,162064,162066,162068,162070,162072,162074,162076,162078,162080,162082,162084,162086,162088,162090,162092,162094,162096,162098,162100,162102,162104,162106,162108,162110,162112,162114,162116,162118,162120,162122,162124],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,162061,22071],{"class":108},[94,162063,968],{"class":331},[94,162065,13206],{"class":335},[94,162067,968],{"class":331},[94,162069,116],{"class":108},[94,162071,20229],{"class":112},[94,162073,116],{"class":108},[94,162075,962],{"class":331},[94,162077,22576],{"class":335},[94,162079,968],{"class":331},[94,162081,9566],{"class":108},[94,162083,854],{"class":108},[94,162085,968],{"class":331},[94,162087,36268],{"class":335},[94,162089,968],{"class":331},[94,162091,116],{"class":108},[94,162093,13834],{"class":112},[94,162095,116],{"class":108},[94,162097,962],{"class":331},[94,162099,30931],{"class":335},[94,162101,968],{"class":331},[94,162103,9566],{"class":108},[94,162105,854],{"class":108},[94,162107,968],{"class":331},[94,162109,36277],{"class":335},[94,162111,968],{"class":331},[94,162113,116],{"class":108},[94,162115,29251],{"class":112},[94,162117,116],{"class":108},[94,162119,962],{"class":331},[94,162121,162015],{"class":335},[94,162123,968],{"class":331},[94,162125,9581],{"class":108},[80,162127,162129],{"id":162128},"simple-example-with-two-lists","Simple example with two lists",[24,162131,162132],{},"A common beginner use is looping through two related lists at the same time.",[85,162134,162136],{"className":87,"code":162135,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name} scored {score}\")\n",[15,162137,162138,162170,162190,162194,162218],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,162139,162140,162142,162144,162146,162148,162150,162152,162154,162156,162158,162160,162162,162164,162166,162168],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,162141,1024],{"class":100},[94,162143,105],{"class":104},[94,162145,109],{"class":108},[94,162147,332],{"class":331},[94,162149,13206],{"class":335},[94,162151,332],{"class":331},[94,162153,116],{"class":108},[94,162155,1040],{"class":331},[94,162157,36268],{"class":335},[94,162159,332],{"class":331},[94,162161,116],{"class":108},[94,162163,1040],{"class":331},[94,162165,36277],{"class":335},[94,162167,332],{"class":331},[94,162169,127],{"class":108},[94,162171,162172,162174,162176,162178,162180,162182,162184,162186,162188],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,162173,5401],{"class":100},[94,162175,105],{"class":104},[94,162177,109],{"class":108},[94,162179,13829],{"class":112},[94,162181,116],{"class":108},[94,162183,13834],{"class":112},[94,162185,116],{"class":108},[94,162187,29251],{"class":112},[94,162189,127],{"class":108},[94,162191,162192],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,162193,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,162195,162196,162198,162200,162202,162204,162206,162208,162210,162212,162214,162216],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,162197,6289],{"class":4221},[94,162199,36319],{"class":100},[94,162201,116],{"class":108},[94,162203,5443],{"class":100},[94,162205,4228],{"class":4221},[94,162207,161676],{"class":145},[94,162209,149],{"class":108},[94,162211,1065],{"class":152},[94,162213,116],{"class":108},[94,162215,5448],{"class":152},[94,162217,8676],{"class":108},[94,162219,162220,162222,162224,162226,162228,162230,162232,162234,162237,162239,162241,162243,162245],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,162221,8404],{"class":145},[94,162223,149],{"class":108},[94,162225,22625],{"class":958},[94,162227,332],{"class":335},[94,162229,9610],{"class":112},[94,162231,8001],{"class":152},[94,162233,22634],{"class":112},[94,162235,162236],{"class":335}," scored ",[94,162238,9610],{"class":112},[94,162240,85822],{"class":152},[94,162242,22634],{"class":112},[94,162244,332],{"class":335},[94,162246,316],{"class":108},[24,162248,371],{},[85,162250,162252],{"className":87,"code":162251,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"Ana scored 90\nBen scored 85\nCara scored 88\n",[15,162253,162254,162261,162268],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,162255,162256,162259],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,162257,162258],{"class":100},"Ana scored ",[94,162260,33467],{"class":112},[94,162262,162263,162266],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,162264,162265],{"class":100},"Ben scored ",[94,162267,33472],{"class":112},[94,162269,162270,162273],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,162271,162272],{"class":100},"Cara scored ",[94,162274,33477],{"class":112},[24,162276,45262],{},[28,162278,162279,162288,162291],{},[31,162280,162281,162284,162285],{},[15,162282,162283],{},"zip(names, scores)"," creates pairs like ",[15,162286,162287],{},"(\"Ana\", 90)",[31,162289,162290],{},"The loop runs once for each pair",[31,162292,162293,1139,162295,162297],{},[15,162294,8001],{},[15,162296,85822],{}," unpack the tuple into separate variables",[24,162299,162300,162301,168],{},"If tuple unpacking feels unfamiliar, it may help to first practice ",[434,162302,69937],{"href":69936},[80,162304,162306],{"id":162305},"what-happens-when-lengths-are-different","What happens when lengths are different",[24,162308,162309,162311],{},[15,162310,64643],{}," stops at the shortest iterable.",[24,162313,162314],{},"That means extra items in longer iterables are ignored.",[85,162316,162318],{"className":87,"code":162317,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,162319,162320,162361,162377,162381,162405],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,162321,162322,162324,162326,162328,162330,162332,162334,162336,162338,162340,162342,162344,162346,162348,162350,162352,162354,162357,162359],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,162323,1024],{"class":100},[94,162325,105],{"class":104},[94,162327,109],{"class":108},[94,162329,332],{"class":331},[94,162331,13206],{"class":335},[94,162333,332],{"class":331},[94,162335,116],{"class":108},[94,162337,1040],{"class":331},[94,162339,36268],{"class":335},[94,162341,332],{"class":331},[94,162343,116],{"class":108},[94,162345,1040],{"class":331},[94,162347,36277],{"class":335},[94,162349,332],{"class":331},[94,162351,116],{"class":108},[94,162353,1040],{"class":331},[94,162355,162356],{"class":335},"Dan",[94,162358,332],{"class":331},[94,162360,127],{"class":108},[94,162362,162363,162365,162367,162369,162371,162373,162375],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,162364,5401],{"class":100},[94,162366,105],{"class":104},[94,162368,109],{"class":108},[94,162370,13829],{"class":112},[94,162372,116],{"class":108},[94,162374,13834],{"class":112},[94,162376,127],{"class":108},[94,162378,162379],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,162380,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,162382,162383,162385,162387,162389,162391,162393,162395,162397,162399,162401,162403],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,162384,6289],{"class":4221},[94,162386,36319],{"class":100},[94,162388,116],{"class":108},[94,162390,5443],{"class":100},[94,162392,4228],{"class":4221},[94,162394,161676],{"class":145},[94,162396,149],{"class":108},[94,162398,1065],{"class":152},[94,162400,116],{"class":108},[94,162402,5448],{"class":152},[94,162404,8676],{"class":108},[94,162406,162407,162409,162411,162413,162415,162417],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,162408,8404],{"class":145},[94,162410,149],{"class":108},[94,162412,8001],{"class":152},[94,162414,116],{"class":108},[94,162416,130964],{"class":152},[94,162418,316],{"class":108},[24,162420,371],{},[85,162422,162424],{"className":87,"code":162423,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"Ana 90\nBen 85\n",[15,162425,162426,162432],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,162427,162428,162430],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,162429,133983],{"class":100},[94,162431,33467],{"class":112},[94,162433,162434,162436],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,162435,161718],{"class":100},[94,162437,33472],{"class":112},[24,162439,974,162440,1139,162443,162446],{},[15,162441,162442],{},"\"Cara\"",[15,162444,162445],{},"\"Dan\""," are not used.",[24,162448,162449],{},"This behavior is often helpful, but it can also hide mistakes. If you expected all items to be paired, check the lengths first:",[85,162451,162453],{"className":87,"code":162452,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nprint(len(names), len(scores))\n",[15,162454,162455,162495,162511,162515],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,162456,162457,162459,162461,162463,162465,162467,162469,162471,162473,162475,162477,162479,162481,162483,162485,162487,162489,162491,162493],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,162458,1024],{"class":100},[94,162460,105],{"class":104},[94,162462,109],{"class":108},[94,162464,332],{"class":331},[94,162466,13206],{"class":335},[94,162468,332],{"class":331},[94,162470,116],{"class":108},[94,162472,1040],{"class":331},[94,162474,36268],{"class":335},[94,162476,332],{"class":331},[94,162478,116],{"class":108},[94,162480,1040],{"class":331},[94,162482,36277],{"class":335},[94,162484,332],{"class":331},[94,162486,116],{"class":108},[94,162488,1040],{"class":331},[94,162490,162356],{"class":335},[94,162492,332],{"class":331},[94,162494,127],{"class":108},[94,162496,162497,162499,162501,162503,162505,162507,162509],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,162498,5401],{"class":100},[94,162500,105],{"class":104},[94,162502,109],{"class":108},[94,162504,13829],{"class":112},[94,162506,116],{"class":108},[94,162508,13834],{"class":112},[94,162510,127],{"class":108},[94,162512,162513],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,162514,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,162516,162517,162519,162521,162523,162525,162527,162529,162531,162533,162535],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,162518,326],{"class":145},[94,162520,149],{"class":108},[94,162522,11490],{"class":145},[94,162524,149],{"class":108},[94,162526,1065],{"class":152},[94,162528,9566],{"class":108},[94,162530,38716],{"class":145},[94,162532,149],{"class":108},[94,162534,16717],{"class":152},[94,162536,921],{"class":108},[24,162538,371],{},[85,162540,162542],{"className":87,"code":162541,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"4 2\n",[15,162543,162544],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,162545,162546,162548],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,162547,857],{"class":112},[94,162549,45921],{"class":112},[24,162551,162552,162553,168],{},"If missing pairs are unexpected, compare the lengths before using ",[15,162554,64643],{},[80,162556,92412,162558,162560],{"id":162557},"converting-zip-output",[15,162559,64643],{}," output",[24,162562,29392,162563,162565],{},[15,162564,64643],{}," returns a zip object, you often need to convert it.",[265,162567,54,162569],{"id":162568},"use-listzip",[15,162570,162571],{},"list(zip(...))",[24,162573,162574],{},"This is the easiest way to see all pairs at once.",[85,162576,162578],{"className":87,"code":162577,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,162579,162580,162612,162632,162636,162658],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,162581,162582,162584,162586,162588,162590,162592,162594,162596,162598,162600,162602,162604,162606,162608,162610],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,162583,1024],{"class":100},[94,162585,105],{"class":104},[94,162587,109],{"class":108},[94,162589,332],{"class":331},[94,162591,13206],{"class":335},[94,162593,332],{"class":331},[94,162595,116],{"class":108},[94,162597,1040],{"class":331},[94,162599,36268],{"class":335},[94,162601,332],{"class":331},[94,162603,116],{"class":108},[94,162605,1040],{"class":331},[94,162607,36277],{"class":335},[94,162609,332],{"class":331},[94,162611,127],{"class":108},[94,162613,162614,162616,162618,162620,162622,162624,162626,162628,162630],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,162615,5401],{"class":100},[94,162617,105],{"class":104},[94,162619,109],{"class":108},[94,162621,13829],{"class":112},[94,162623,116],{"class":108},[94,162625,13834],{"class":112},[94,162627,116],{"class":108},[94,162629,29251],{"class":112},[94,162631,127],{"class":108},[94,162633,162634],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,162635,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,162637,162638,162640,162642,162644,162646,162648,162650,162652,162654,162656],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,162639,9548],{"class":100},[94,162641,105],{"class":104},[94,162643,22891],{"class":913},[94,162645,149],{"class":108},[94,162647,64713],{"class":145},[94,162649,149],{"class":108},[94,162651,1065],{"class":152},[94,162653,116],{"class":108},[94,162655,5448],{"class":152},[94,162657,921],{"class":108},[94,162659,162660,162662,162664,162666],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,162661,326],{"class":145},[94,162663,149],{"class":108},[94,162665,9594],{"class":152},[94,162667,316],{"class":108},[24,162669,371],{},[85,162671,162673],{"className":87,"code":162672,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85), ('Cara', 88)]\n",[15,162674,162675],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,162676,162677,162679,162681,162683,162685,162687,162689,162691,162693,162695,162697,162699,162701,162703,162705,162707,162709,162711,162713,162715,162717],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,162678,22071],{"class":108},[94,162680,968],{"class":331},[94,162682,13206],{"class":335},[94,162684,968],{"class":331},[94,162686,116],{"class":108},[94,162688,20229],{"class":112},[94,162690,9566],{"class":108},[94,162692,854],{"class":108},[94,162694,968],{"class":331},[94,162696,36268],{"class":335},[94,162698,968],{"class":331},[94,162700,116],{"class":108},[94,162702,13834],{"class":112},[94,162704,9566],{"class":108},[94,162706,854],{"class":108},[94,162708,968],{"class":331},[94,162710,36277],{"class":335},[94,162712,968],{"class":331},[94,162714,116],{"class":108},[94,162716,29251],{"class":112},[94,162718,9581],{"class":108},[265,162720,54,162722],{"id":162721},"use-dictzipkeys-values",[15,162723,162724],{},"dict(zip(keys, values))",[24,162726,162727],{},"This is a common way to build a dictionary.",[85,162729,162731],{"className":87,"code":162730,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nvalues = [\"Ana\", 25, \"Lima\"]\n\nperson = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(person)\n",[15,162732,162733,162765,162793,162797,162819],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,162734,162735,162737,162739,162741,162743,162745,162747,162749,162751,162753,162755,162757,162759,162761,162763],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,162736,17571],{"class":100},[94,162738,105],{"class":104},[94,162740,109],{"class":108},[94,162742,332],{"class":331},[94,162744,8001],{"class":335},[94,162746,332],{"class":331},[94,162748,116],{"class":108},[94,162750,1040],{"class":331},[94,162752,9631],{"class":335},[94,162754,332],{"class":331},[94,162756,116],{"class":108},[94,162758,1040],{"class":331},[94,162760,10741],{"class":335},[94,162762,332],{"class":331},[94,162764,127],{"class":108},[94,162766,162767,162769,162771,162773,162775,162777,162779,162781,162783,162785,162787,162789,162791],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,162768,4167],{"class":100},[94,162770,105],{"class":104},[94,162772,109],{"class":108},[94,162774,332],{"class":331},[94,162776,13206],{"class":335},[94,162778,332],{"class":331},[94,162780,116],{"class":108},[94,162782,9638],{"class":112},[94,162784,116],{"class":108},[94,162786,1040],{"class":331},[94,162788,16359],{"class":335},[94,162790,332],{"class":331},[94,162792,127],{"class":108},[94,162794,162795],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,162796,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,162798,162799,162801,162803,162805,162807,162809,162811,162813,162815,162817],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,162800,13531],{"class":100},[94,162802,105],{"class":104},[94,162804,9504],{"class":913},[94,162806,149],{"class":108},[94,162808,64713],{"class":145},[94,162810,149],{"class":108},[94,162812,17252],{"class":152},[94,162814,116],{"class":108},[94,162816,4231],{"class":152},[94,162818,921],{"class":108},[94,162820,162821,162823,162825,162827],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,162822,326],{"class":145},[94,162824,149],{"class":108},[94,162826,17636],{"class":152},[94,162828,316],{"class":108},[24,162830,371],{},[85,162832,162834],{"className":87,"code":162833,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,162835,162836],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,162837,162838,162840,162842,162844,162846,162848,162850,162852,162854,162856,162858,162860,162862,162864,162866,162868,162870,162872,162874,162876,162878,162880,162882],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,162839,9610],{"class":108},[94,162841,968],{"class":331},[94,162843,8001],{"class":335},[94,162845,968],{"class":331},[94,162847,384],{"class":108},[94,162849,962],{"class":331},[94,162851,13206],{"class":335},[94,162853,968],{"class":331},[94,162855,116],{"class":108},[94,162857,962],{"class":331},[94,162859,9631],{"class":335},[94,162861,968],{"class":331},[94,162863,384],{"class":108},[94,162865,9638],{"class":112},[94,162867,116],{"class":108},[94,162869,962],{"class":331},[94,162871,10741],{"class":335},[94,162873,968],{"class":331},[94,162875,384],{"class":108},[94,162877,962],{"class":331},[94,162879,16359],{"class":335},[94,162881,968],{"class":331},[94,162883,9641],{"class":108},[24,162885,162886,162887,168],{},"If you want more dictionary examples, see ",[434,162888,31418],{"href":31417},[265,162890,162892],{"id":162891},"a-zip-object-is-consumed-after-use","A zip object is consumed after use",[24,162894,162895],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After you loop over it once, it is exhausted.",[85,162897,162899],{"className":87,"code":162898,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = zip(names, scores)\n\nprint(list(pairs))\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,162900,162901,162925,162941,162945,162963,162967,162981],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,162902,162903,162905,162907,162909,162911,162913,162915,162917,162919,162921,162923],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,162904,1024],{"class":100},[94,162906,105],{"class":104},[94,162908,109],{"class":108},[94,162910,332],{"class":331},[94,162912,13206],{"class":335},[94,162914,332],{"class":331},[94,162916,116],{"class":108},[94,162918,1040],{"class":331},[94,162920,36268],{"class":335},[94,162922,332],{"class":331},[94,162924,127],{"class":108},[94,162926,162927,162929,162931,162933,162935,162937,162939],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,162928,5401],{"class":100},[94,162930,105],{"class":104},[94,162932,109],{"class":108},[94,162934,13829],{"class":112},[94,162936,116],{"class":108},[94,162938,13834],{"class":112},[94,162940,127],{"class":108},[94,162942,162943],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,162944,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,162946,162947,162949,162951,162953,162955,162957,162959,162961],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,162948,9548],{"class":100},[94,162950,105],{"class":104},[94,162952,161676],{"class":145},[94,162954,149],{"class":108},[94,162956,1065],{"class":152},[94,162958,116],{"class":108},[94,162960,5448],{"class":152},[94,162962,316],{"class":108},[94,162964,162965],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,162966,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,162968,162969,162971,162973,162975,162977,162979],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,162970,326],{"class":145},[94,162972,149],{"class":108},[94,162974,965],{"class":913},[94,162976,149],{"class":108},[94,162978,9594],{"class":152},[94,162980,921],{"class":108},[94,162982,162983,162985,162987,162989,162991,162993],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,162984,326],{"class":145},[94,162986,149],{"class":108},[94,162988,965],{"class":913},[94,162990,149],{"class":108},[94,162992,9594],{"class":152},[94,162994,921],{"class":108},[24,162996,371],{},[85,162998,163000],{"className":87,"code":162999,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n[]\n",[15,163001,163002,163032],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,163003,163004,163006,163008,163010,163012,163014,163016,163018,163020,163022,163024,163026,163028,163030],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,163005,22071],{"class":108},[94,163007,968],{"class":331},[94,163009,13206],{"class":335},[94,163011,968],{"class":331},[94,163013,116],{"class":108},[94,163015,20229],{"class":112},[94,163017,9566],{"class":108},[94,163019,854],{"class":108},[94,163021,968],{"class":331},[94,163023,36268],{"class":335},[94,163025,968],{"class":331},[94,163027,116],{"class":108},[94,163029,13834],{"class":112},[94,163031,9581],{"class":108},[94,163033,163034],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,163035,38627],{"class":108},[24,163037,163038],{},"If you need the data again, convert it to a list first or create a new zip object.",[24,163040,163041,163042,168],{},"For a deeper explanation, see ",[434,163043,1844],{"href":1843},[80,163045,41376],{"id":41375},[24,163047,163048,163049,168],{},"Here are some simple ways beginners use ",[15,163050,64643],{},[265,163052,163054],{"id":163053},"loop-through-names-and-scores-together","Loop through names and scores together",[85,163056,163058],{"className":87,"code":163057,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name}: {score}\")\n",[15,163059,163060,163092,163112,163116,163140],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,163061,163062,163064,163066,163068,163070,163072,163074,163076,163078,163080,163082,163084,163086,163088,163090],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,163063,1024],{"class":100},[94,163065,105],{"class":104},[94,163067,109],{"class":108},[94,163069,332],{"class":331},[94,163071,13206],{"class":335},[94,163073,332],{"class":331},[94,163075,116],{"class":108},[94,163077,1040],{"class":331},[94,163079,36268],{"class":335},[94,163081,332],{"class":331},[94,163083,116],{"class":108},[94,163085,1040],{"class":331},[94,163087,36277],{"class":335},[94,163089,332],{"class":331},[94,163091,127],{"class":108},[94,163093,163094,163096,163098,163100,163102,163104,163106,163108,163110],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,163095,5401],{"class":100},[94,163097,105],{"class":104},[94,163099,109],{"class":108},[94,163101,13829],{"class":112},[94,163103,116],{"class":108},[94,163105,13834],{"class":112},[94,163107,116],{"class":108},[94,163109,29251],{"class":112},[94,163111,127],{"class":108},[94,163113,163114],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,163115,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,163117,163118,163120,163122,163124,163126,163128,163130,163132,163134,163136,163138],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,163119,6289],{"class":4221},[94,163121,36319],{"class":100},[94,163123,116],{"class":108},[94,163125,5443],{"class":100},[94,163127,4228],{"class":4221},[94,163129,161676],{"class":145},[94,163131,149],{"class":108},[94,163133,1065],{"class":152},[94,163135,116],{"class":108},[94,163137,5448],{"class":152},[94,163139,8676],{"class":108},[94,163141,163142,163144,163146,163148,163150,163152,163154,163156,163158,163160,163162,163164,163166],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,163143,8404],{"class":145},[94,163145,149],{"class":108},[94,163147,22625],{"class":958},[94,163149,332],{"class":335},[94,163151,9610],{"class":112},[94,163153,8001],{"class":152},[94,163155,22634],{"class":112},[94,163157,22637],{"class":335},[94,163159,9610],{"class":112},[94,163161,85822],{"class":152},[94,163163,22634],{"class":112},[94,163165,332],{"class":335},[94,163167,316],{"class":108},[265,163169,163171],{"id":163170},"combine-keys-and-values-into-a-dictionary","Combine keys and values into a dictionary",[85,163173,163175],{"className":87,"code":163174,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"keys = [\"id\", \"name\", \"active\"]\nvalues = [101, \"Ana\", True]\n\ndata = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(data)\n",[15,163176,163177,163209,163233,163237,163259],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,163178,163179,163181,163183,163185,163187,163189,163191,163193,163195,163197,163199,163201,163203,163205,163207],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,163180,17571],{"class":100},[94,163182,105],{"class":104},[94,163184,109],{"class":108},[94,163186,332],{"class":331},[94,163188,12974],{"class":335},[94,163190,332],{"class":331},[94,163192,116],{"class":108},[94,163194,1040],{"class":331},[94,163196,8001],{"class":335},[94,163198,332],{"class":331},[94,163200,116],{"class":108},[94,163202,1040],{"class":331},[94,163204,16149],{"class":335},[94,163206,332],{"class":331},[94,163208,127],{"class":108},[94,163210,163211,163213,163215,163217,163219,163221,163223,163225,163227,163229,163231],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,163212,4167],{"class":100},[94,163214,105],{"class":104},[94,163216,109],{"class":108},[94,163218,46923],{"class":112},[94,163220,116],{"class":108},[94,163222,1040],{"class":331},[94,163224,13206],{"class":335},[94,163226,332],{"class":331},[94,163228,116],{"class":108},[94,163230,4261],{"class":1224},[94,163232,127],{"class":108},[94,163234,163235],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,163236,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,163238,163239,163241,163243,163245,163247,163249,163251,163253,163255,163257],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,163240,9499],{"class":100},[94,163242,105],{"class":104},[94,163244,9504],{"class":913},[94,163246,149],{"class":108},[94,163248,64713],{"class":145},[94,163250,149],{"class":108},[94,163252,17252],{"class":152},[94,163254,116],{"class":108},[94,163256,4231],{"class":152},[94,163258,921],{"class":108},[94,163260,163261,163263,163265,163267],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,163262,326],{"class":145},[94,163264,149],{"class":108},[94,163266,9537],{"class":152},[94,163268,316],{"class":108},[265,163270,163272],{"id":163271},"compare-two-lists-item-by-item","Compare two lists item by item",[85,163274,163276],{"className":87,"code":163275,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"list1 = [10, 20, 30]\nlist2 = [10, 25, 30]\n\nfor a, b in zip(list1, list2):\n    print(a == b)\n",[15,163277,163278,163298,163318,163322,163347],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,163279,163280,163282,163284,163286,163288,163290,163292,163294,163296],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,163281,80963],{"class":100},[94,163283,105],{"class":104},[94,163285,109],{"class":108},[94,163287,2688],{"class":112},[94,163289,116],{"class":108},[94,163291,8124],{"class":112},[94,163293,116],{"class":108},[94,163295,8129],{"class":112},[94,163297,127],{"class":108},[94,163299,163300,163302,163304,163306,163308,163310,163312,163314,163316],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,163301,80984],{"class":100},[94,163303,105],{"class":104},[94,163305,109],{"class":108},[94,163307,2688],{"class":112},[94,163309,116],{"class":108},[94,163311,9638],{"class":112},[94,163313,116],{"class":108},[94,163315,8129],{"class":112},[94,163317,127],{"class":108},[94,163319,163320],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,163321,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,163323,163324,163326,163328,163330,163333,163335,163337,163339,163341,163343,163345],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,163325,6289],{"class":4221},[94,163327,682],{"class":100},[94,163329,116],{"class":108},[94,163331,163332],{"class":100}," b ",[94,163334,4228],{"class":4221},[94,163336,161676],{"class":145},[94,163338,149],{"class":108},[94,163340,112050],{"class":152},[94,163342,116],{"class":108},[94,163344,81027],{"class":152},[94,163346,8676],{"class":108},[94,163348,163349,163351,163353,163355,163357,163359],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,163350,8404],{"class":145},[94,163352,149],{"class":108},[94,163354,635],{"class":152},[94,163356,5031],{"class":104},[94,163358,2914],{"class":152},[94,163360,316],{"class":108},[24,163362,371],{},[85,163364,163366],{"className":87,"code":163365,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"True\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,163367,163368,163372,163376],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,163369,163370],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,163371,4325],{"class":1224},[94,163373,163374],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,163375,4386],{"class":1224},[94,163377,163378],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,163379,4325],{"class":1224},[265,163381,163383],{"id":163382},"print-related-values-in-the-same-loop","Print related values in the same loop",[85,163385,163387],{"className":87,"code":163386,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"products = [\"Book\", \"Pen\", \"Bag\"]\nprices = [12.5, 1.2, 25.0]\n\nfor product, price in zip(products, prices):\n    print(f\"{product} costs ${price}\")\n",[15,163388,163389,163424,163447,163451,163478],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,163390,163391,163394,163396,163398,163400,163402,163404,163406,163408,163411,163413,163415,163417,163420,163422],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,163392,163393],{"class":100},"products ",[94,163395,105],{"class":104},[94,163397,109],{"class":108},[94,163399,332],{"class":331},[94,163401,25472],{"class":335},[94,163403,332],{"class":331},[94,163405,116],{"class":108},[94,163407,1040],{"class":331},[94,163409,163410],{"class":335},"Pen",[94,163412,332],{"class":331},[94,163414,116],{"class":108},[94,163416,1040],{"class":331},[94,163418,163419],{"class":335},"Bag",[94,163421,332],{"class":331},[94,163423,127],{"class":108},[94,163425,163426,163428,163430,163432,163435,163437,163440,163442,163445],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,163427,83352],{"class":100},[94,163429,105],{"class":104},[94,163431,109],{"class":108},[94,163433,163434],{"class":112},"12.5",[94,163436,116],{"class":108},[94,163438,163439],{"class":112}," 1.2",[94,163441,116],{"class":108},[94,163443,163444],{"class":112}," 25.0",[94,163446,127],{"class":108},[94,163448,163449],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,163450,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,163452,163453,163455,163457,163459,163462,163464,163466,163468,163471,163473,163476],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,163454,6289],{"class":4221},[94,163456,25533],{"class":100},[94,163458,116],{"class":108},[94,163460,163461],{"class":100}," price ",[94,163463,4228],{"class":4221},[94,163465,161676],{"class":145},[94,163467,149],{"class":108},[94,163469,163470],{"class":152},"products",[94,163472,116],{"class":108},[94,163474,163475],{"class":152}," prices",[94,163477,8676],{"class":108},[94,163479,163480,163482,163484,163486,163488,163490,163492,163494,163497,163499,163501,163503,163505],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,163481,8404],{"class":145},[94,163483,149],{"class":108},[94,163485,22625],{"class":958},[94,163487,332],{"class":335},[94,163489,9610],{"class":112},[94,163491,27340],{"class":152},[94,163493,22634],{"class":112},[94,163495,163496],{"class":335}," costs $",[94,163498,9610],{"class":112},[94,163500,25481],{"class":152},[94,163502,22634],{"class":112},[94,163504,332],{"class":335},[94,163506,316],{"class":108},[24,163508,36930,163509,168],{},[434,163510,163512],{"href":163511},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-zip-in-python\u002F","how to use zip in Python",[80,163514,163516,163517],{"id":163515},"common-mistakes-with-zip","Common mistakes with ",[15,163518,64643],{},[265,163520,8786,163522,163524],{"id":163521},"expecting-zip-to-keep-going-to-the-longest-iterable",[15,163523,64643],{}," to keep going to the longest iterable",[24,163526,163527,163529],{},[15,163528,64643],{}," does not do that. It stops at the shortest iterable.",[24,163531,163532],{},"If values seem to be missing, compare the lengths:",[85,163534,163536],{"className":87,"code":163535,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"print(len(list1), len(list2))\n",[15,163537,163538],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,163539,163540,163542,163544,163546,163548,163550,163552,163554,163556,163558],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,163541,326],{"class":145},[94,163543,149],{"class":108},[94,163545,11490],{"class":145},[94,163547,149],{"class":108},[94,163549,112050],{"class":152},[94,163551,9566],{"class":108},[94,163553,38716],{"class":145},[94,163555,149],{"class":108},[94,163557,81250],{"class":152},[94,163559,921],{"class":108},[265,163561,163563],{"id":163562},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-zip-object-after-looping-once","Trying to reuse the same zip object after looping once",[24,163565,69160],{},[85,163567,163569],{"className":87,"code":163568,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"pairs = zip([1, 2], [\"a\", \"b\"])\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n",[15,163570,163571,163607,163611,163624,163634,163638,163650],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,163572,163573,163575,163577,163579,163581,163583,163585,163587,163589,163591,163593,163595,163597,163599,163601,163603,163605],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,163574,9548],{"class":100},[94,163576,105],{"class":104},[94,163578,161676],{"class":145},[94,163580,3342],{"class":108},[94,163582,412],{"class":112},[94,163584,116],{"class":108},[94,163586,124],{"class":112},[94,163588,18392],{"class":108},[94,163590,109],{"class":108},[94,163592,332],{"class":331},[94,163594,434],{"class":335},[94,163596,332],{"class":331},[94,163598,116],{"class":108},[94,163600,1040],{"class":331},[94,163602,1937],{"class":335},[94,163604,332],{"class":331},[94,163606,4234],{"class":108},[94,163608,163609],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,163610,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,163612,163613,163615,163617,163619,163622],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,163614,6289],{"class":4221},[94,163616,6292],{"class":100},[94,163618,4228],{"class":4221},[94,163620,163621],{"class":100}," pairs",[94,163623,6726],{"class":108},[94,163625,163626,163628,163630,163632],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,163627,8404],{"class":145},[94,163629,149],{"class":108},[94,163631,23642],{"class":152},[94,163633,316],{"class":108},[94,163635,163636],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,163637,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,163639,163640,163642,163644,163646,163648],{"class":96,"line":348},[94,163641,6289],{"class":4221},[94,163643,6292],{"class":100},[94,163645,4228],{"class":4221},[94,163647,163621],{"class":100},[94,163649,6726],{"class":108},[94,163651,163652,163654,163656,163658],{"class":96,"line":691},[94,163653,8404],{"class":145},[94,163655,149],{"class":108},[94,163657,23642],{"class":152},[94,163659,316],{"class":108},[24,163661,163662],{},"The second loop prints nothing because the zip object has already been used.",[265,163664,163666],{"id":163665},"forgetting-to-unpack-tuple-values-in-a-loop","Forgetting to unpack tuple values in a loop",[24,163668,163669],{},"This is correct:",[85,163671,163673],{"className":87,"code":163672,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,163674,163675,163699,163715,163719,163743],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,163676,163677,163679,163681,163683,163685,163687,163689,163691,163693,163695,163697],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,163678,1024],{"class":100},[94,163680,105],{"class":104},[94,163682,109],{"class":108},[94,163684,332],{"class":331},[94,163686,13206],{"class":335},[94,163688,332],{"class":331},[94,163690,116],{"class":108},[94,163692,1040],{"class":331},[94,163694,36268],{"class":335},[94,163696,332],{"class":331},[94,163698,127],{"class":108},[94,163700,163701,163703,163705,163707,163709,163711,163713],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,163702,5401],{"class":100},[94,163704,105],{"class":104},[94,163706,109],{"class":108},[94,163708,13829],{"class":112},[94,163710,116],{"class":108},[94,163712,13834],{"class":112},[94,163714,127],{"class":108},[94,163716,163717],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,163718,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,163720,163721,163723,163725,163727,163729,163731,163733,163735,163737,163739,163741],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,163722,6289],{"class":4221},[94,163724,36319],{"class":100},[94,163726,116],{"class":108},[94,163728,5443],{"class":100},[94,163730,4228],{"class":4221},[94,163732,161676],{"class":145},[94,163734,149],{"class":108},[94,163736,1065],{"class":152},[94,163738,116],{"class":108},[94,163740,5448],{"class":152},[94,163742,8676],{"class":108},[94,163744,163745,163747,163749,163751,163753,163755],{"class":96,"line":323},[94,163746,8404],{"class":145},[94,163748,149],{"class":108},[94,163750,8001],{"class":152},[94,163752,116],{"class":108},[94,163754,130964],{"class":152},[94,163756,316],{"class":108},[24,163758,163759],{},"If you use only one variable, you get the whole tuple:",[85,163761,163763],{"className":87,"code":163762,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"for item in zip(names, scores):\n    print(item)\n",[15,163764,163765,163785],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,163766,163767,163769,163771,163773,163775,163777,163779,163781,163783],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,163768,6289],{"class":4221},[94,163770,6292],{"class":100},[94,163772,4228],{"class":4221},[94,163774,161676],{"class":145},[94,163776,149],{"class":108},[94,163778,1065],{"class":152},[94,163780,116],{"class":108},[94,163782,5448],{"class":152},[94,163784,8676],{"class":108},[94,163786,163787,163789,163791,163793],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,163788,8404],{"class":145},[94,163790,149],{"class":108},[94,163792,23642],{"class":152},[94,163794,316],{"class":108},[24,163796,371],{},[85,163798,163800],{"className":87,"code":163799,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},"('Ana', 90)\n('Ben', 85)\n",[15,163801,163802,163818],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,163803,163804,163806,163808,163810,163812,163814,163816],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,163805,149],{"class":108},[94,163807,968],{"class":331},[94,163809,13206],{"class":335},[94,163811,968],{"class":331},[94,163813,116],{"class":108},[94,163815,20229],{"class":112},[94,163817,316],{"class":108},[94,163819,163820,163822,163824,163826,163828,163830,163832],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,163821,149],{"class":108},[94,163823,968],{"class":331},[94,163825,36268],{"class":335},[94,163827,968],{"class":331},[94,163829,116],{"class":108},[94,163831,13834],{"class":112},[94,163833,316],{"class":108},[24,163835,163836],{},"Both forms are valid, but they do different things.",[265,163838,1484,163840,163842,163843],{"id":163839},"using-zip-when-you-actually-need-indexes-with-enumerate",[15,163841,64643],{}," when you actually need indexes with ",[15,163844,36077],{},[24,163846,54,163847,163849],{},[15,163848,64643],{}," when you want values from multiple iterables.",[24,163851,54,163852,163854],{},[15,163853,36077],{}," when you need a counter or index.",[85,163856,163857],{"className":87,"code":36245,"language":89,"meta":90,"style":90},[15,163858,163859,163891,163895,163915],{"__ignoreMap":90},[94,163860,163861,163863,163865,163867,163869,163871,163873,163875,163877,163879,163881,163883,163885,163887,163889],{"class":96,"line":97},[94,163862,1024],{"class":100},[94,163864,105],{"class":104},[94,163866,109],{"class":108},[94,163868,332],{"class":331},[94,163870,13206],{"class":335},[94,163872,332],{"class":331},[94,163874,116],{"class":108},[94,163876,1040],{"class":331},[94,163878,36268],{"class":335},[94,163880,332],{"class":331},[94,163882,116],{"class":108},[94,163884,1040],{"class":331},[94,163886,36277],{"class":335},[94,163888,332],{"class":331},[94,163890,127],{"class":108},[94,163892,163893],{"class":96,"line":130},[94,163894,134],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":133},[94,163896,163897,163899,163901,163903,163905,163907,163909,163911,163913],{"class":96,"line":137},[94,163898,6289],{"class":4221},[94,163900,36149],{"class":100},[94,163902,116],{"class":108},[94,163904,36296],{"class":100},[94,163906,4228],{"class":4221},[94,163908,36159],{"class":145},[94,163910,149],{"class":108},[94,163912,1065],{"class":152},[94,163914,8676],{"class":108},[94,163916,163917,163919,163921,163923,163925,163927],{"class":96,"line":163},[94,163918,8404],{"class":145},[94,163920,149],{"class":108},[94,163922,36174],{"class":152},[94,163924,116],{"class":108},[94,163926,36319],{"class":152},[94,163928,316],{"class":108},[24,163930,163931,163932,168],{},"If that pattern is what you need, read ",[434,163933,13,163934,439],{"href":92324},[15,163935,36077],{},[80,163937,2160],{"id":2159},[265,163939,5479,163941,5482],{"id":163940},"what-does-zip-return-in-python",[15,163942,64643],{},[24,163944,163945],{},"It returns a zip object, which is an iterator that produces tuples of matched items.",[265,163947,13029,163949,163951],{"id":163948},"does-zip-work-with-different-lengths",[15,163950,64643],{}," work with different lengths?",[24,163953,163954],{},"Yes, but it stops when the shortest iterable runs out of items.",[265,163956,163958,163959,2170],{"id":163957},"how-do-i-see-the-values-from-zip","How do I see the values from ",[15,163960,64643],{},[24,163962,163963,163964,168],{},"Loop over it or convert it with ",[15,163965,162571],{},[265,163967,163969,163970,2170],{"id":163968},"can-i-make-a-dictionary-with-zip","Can I make a dictionary with ",[15,163971,64643],{},[24,163973,128329,163974,163976],{},[15,163975,162724],{}," when one iterable has keys and the other has values.",[265,163978,163980],{"id":163979},"why-is-my-zip-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my zip object empty the second time?",[24,163982,163983],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After it has been used once, it is exhausted.",[80,163985,2232],{"id":2231},[28,163987,163988,163993,163999,164003,164007],{},[31,163989,163990],{},[434,163991,163992],{"href":163511},"How to use zip in Python",[31,163994,163995],{},[434,163996,13,163997,439],{"href":92324},[15,163998,36077],{},[31,164000,164001],{},[434,164002,5551],{"href":1843},[31,164004,164005],{},[434,164006,70013],{"href":69936},[31,164008,164009],{},[434,164010,32591],{"href":31417},[2260,164012,164013],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":90,"searchDepth":130,"depth":130,"links":164015},[164016,164017,164019,164020,164021,164022,164030,164036,164045,164056],{"id":2360,"depth":130,"text":2361},{"id":161735,"depth":130,"text":164018},"What zip() does",{"id":2513,"depth":130,"text":2514},{"id":162128,"depth":130,"text":162129},{"id":162305,"depth":130,"text":162306},{"id":162557,"depth":130,"text":164023,"children":164024},"Converting zip() output",[164025,164027,164029],{"id":162568,"depth":137,"text":164026},"Use list(zip(...))",{"id":162721,"depth":137,"text":164028},"Use dict(zip(keys, values))",{"id":162891,"depth":137,"text":162892},{"id":41375,"depth":130,"text":41376,"children":164031},[164032,164033,164034,164035],{"id":163053,"depth":137,"text":163054},{"id":163170,"depth":137,"text":163171},{"id":163271,"depth":137,"text":163272},{"id":163382,"depth":137,"text":163383},{"id":163515,"depth":130,"text":164037,"children":164038},"Common mistakes with zip()",[164039,164041,164042,164043],{"id":163521,"depth":137,"text":164040},"Expecting zip() to keep going to the longest iterable",{"id":163562,"depth":137,"text":163563},{"id":163665,"depth":137,"text":163666},{"id":163839,"depth":137,"text":164044},"Using zip() when you actually need indexes with enumerate()",{"id":2159,"depth":130,"text":2160,"children":164046},[164047,164049,164051,164053,164055],{"id":163940,"depth":137,"text":164048},"What does zip() return in Python?",{"id":163948,"depth":137,"text":164050},"Does zip() work with different lengths?",{"id":163957,"depth":137,"text":164052},"How do I see the values from zip()?",{"id":163968,"depth":137,"text":164054},"Can I make a dictionary with zip()?",{"id":163979,"depth":137,"text":163980},{"id":2231,"depth":130,"text":2232},"Master python zip function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained",{"title":161577,"description":164057},"reference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained","ZunBvxBXnO_OOhvHVmM9GY-KSTXZ7twigdvzrnPWr4U",1776944854755]